?_cSJl,5#1V0.42.001 id 62B6-5F52967D54**************2Copyright 1993-1998 Tag's Broadcasting ServicesBrowseButtons()PCB("A_propos", "&About...", "JI(`satellit.hlp', `Tags_Broadcasting_Services')")ZmainO mainOThe Satellite Encyclopedia,%'$m##O,l$/ˇ;)z4dd|CONTEXTfd|CTXOMAPAa|FONTta|KWBTREEa|KWDATALa|KWMAPYa|SYSTEM|TOPIC|TTLBTREE7c|bm0Ze|bm1|e|bm10ۯf|bm11f|bm12Rf|bm13g|bm14b8g|bm15Zg|bm16|g|bm17gg|bm18g|bm19Mg|bm2e|bm20h|bm21SGh|bm22}h|bm23i|bm24ti|bm25$i|bm26O>j|bm27Pj|bm28Sk|bm29(Xk|bm3Se|bm30k|bm31l|bm32yl|bm33l|bm34.m|bm35r{m|bm36n|bm37!n|bm38Vo|bm39So|bm4e|bm404p|bm41p|bm42!p|bm43@Dq|bm44>q|bm45q9r|bm46r|bm47B)s|bm48Hs|bm49t|bm5f|bm50z|bm63z|bm64-{|bm65ͤ{|bm66||bm67||bm68Y}|bm69~|bm7Hf|bm70~|bm71-i|bm72i|bm73F|bm74@|bm75|bm76D>|bm77|bm78 ہ|bm79'|bm8jf|bm80煂|bm81|bm82*=|bm83|bm84̓|bm85|bm86S |bm87_|bm88|bm89A2|bm9f|bm90ʆ1 sat_Taa 1=1W=F & @page intentionally left blank&=# ; 1Main indexF*( <ȘThe Satellite Encyclopediasp ց )C "H̀"N " "py؀")"/ۀ"+Ip"pUՀ" %e&" devoted to unmanned artificial Earth satellites S)** $RcHelp: how to use this encyclopedia?1!1W!uT+u) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&!# 1u1zI"' Dpage intentionally left blankMb1)bAlphabetical satellite indexY$5 :JNJ"  Alphabetical satellite index{b_) "+IpThis index does not contain future satellites or programs; use the launch schedule or the search tool to access those.($ A*_ U KUisεSϵSеS˜klr& b "H6I63 㖨ԜZ=n YSS ?QQ@QQACTSAdeos 1AEM 1AEM 2AEM 3Program: AerosAeros 1Aeros 2AjisaiAlexisProgram: AlouetteAlouette 1Alouette 2Amos 1Program: AMPTEAMPTE CCEAMPTE IRMAMPTE UKSProgram: AMSAMSC 1Program: AnikAnik A1Anik A2* UAQQjQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQWRD|KUc&SttXXb i"鉂 b "鉂u䉂4鉂5鉂6鉂7鉂Anik A3Anik B1Anik C1Anik C2Anik C3Anik D1Anik D2Anik E1Anik E2Anna 1BANSApexAppleProgram: ApstarApstar 1Apstar 1AApstar 2Apstar 2RProgram: ArabsatArabsat 1AArabsat 1BArabsat 1CArabsat 1D, Y8鉂_鉂`鉂hڜd$te$tf$tg$th$ti$t:GZSiSiS%kkk;S ܜ(~Arabsat 1EArabsat 2AArabsat 2BProgram: ArielAriel 1Ariel 2Ariel 3Ariel 4Ariel 5Ariel 6ArsneAryabhataProgram: ASCASC 1ASC 2Program: AsiasatAsiasat 1Asiasat 2Asiasat 3AstrixProgram: AstraAstra 1A& M(~(~(~(~)~)~ ~ ܜ"MZSSSSSRKUqe2y`3y`4y`Astra 1BAstra 1CAstra 1DAstra 1EAstra 1FAstra 1GAstrid 1Program: AstroAstro AAstro BAstro CAstro DAstronProgram: ATSATS 1ATS 3ATS 5ATS 6AuraProgram: AuroleAurole 1Aurole 2Aurole 3a ^ [Y]]✉KUProgram: AuroraAurora 1Aurora 2Program: AyameAyame 1Ayame 2Azur( $ B@ J(ce艂e艂0pCDb􉂃b􉂃"c􉂃#c􉂃쉂gWR􉂃S􉂃JaSSSBadr AProgram: BhaskaraBhaskara 1Bhaskara 2Program: BionBion 11Program: BrasilsatBrasilsat A1Brasilsat A@2Brasilsat B1Brasilsat B2BremsatProgram: BsatBsat 1ABsat 1BProgram: BSBBSB 1BSB 2(@$ C .@B ]L M@ )eSscTtcTucTvcT97D9H H fNj)ቂvMU\doXLXYLXZLX[LX^~NUXTqiCakrawarta 1CastorProgram: CatCat 1Cat 2Cat 3Cat 4Program: CelestisCelestis 1Celestis 2CeriseChinastar 1COBEProgram: Comstar Comstar 1 Comstar 2 Comstar 3 Comstar 4 Coronas 1Corsa BCos B Program: CosmosB@D |ځف?فففEځGځc聟BCDEFGsj}~Cosmos 0001Cosmos 0100Cosmos 0110Cosmos 0122Cosmos 0144Cosmos 0169Cosmos 0186Cosmos 0188Cosmos 0368Cosmos 0444Cosmos 0445Cosmos 0446Cosmos 0447Cosmos 0448Cosmos 0449Cosmos 0450Cosmos 0451Cosmos 0500Cosmos 0504Cosmos 0505BBF |+,XOPQRSTUVWCosmos 0506Cosmos 0507Cosmos 0508Cosmos 0509Cosmos 0510Cosmos 0511Cosmos 0588Cosmos 0589Cosmos 0590Cosmos 0591Cosmos 0592Cosmos 0593Cosmos 0594Cosmos 0595Cosmos 0596Cosmos 0597Cosmos 0598Cosmos 0599Cosmos 0600Cosmos 0605BDI |89:f]^_`ijkCosmos 0637Cosmos 0641Cosmos 0642Cosmos 0643Cosmos 0644Cosmos 0645Cosmos 0646Cosmos 0647Cosmos 0648Cosmos 0677Cosmos 0678Cosmos 0679Cosmos 0680Cosmos 0681Cosmos 0682Cosmos 0683Cosmos 0684Cosmos 0711Cosmos 0712Cosmos 0713BF!K |lmnopoq6u0wD0wCosmos 0714Cosmos 0715Cosmos 0716Cosmos 0717Cosmos 0718Cosmos 0732Cosmos 0733Cosmos 0734Cosmos 0735Cosmos 0736Cosmos 0737Cosmos 0738Cosmos 0739Cosmos 0775Cosmos 0777Cosmos 0782Cosmos 0936Cosmos 0954Cosmos 1000Cosmos 1094BI:M |v6vwwV wR w8www!w,!w#!w$!w%!w&!w'!w(!w)!w*!w+!wCosmos 1267Cosmos 1366Cosmos 1402Cosmos 1443Cosmos 1540Cosmos 1546Cosmos 1629Cosmos 1700Cosmos 1738Cosmos 1849Cosmos 1850Cosmos 1851Cosmos 1852Cosmos 1853Cosmos 1854Cosmos 1855Cosmos 1856Cosmos 1857Cosmos 1858Cosmos 1859B!KSO |W!wN!w!w!w!w!w!w'w'w'w'w'w'w'w(w(w(w(w (w (wCosmos 1860Cosmos 1861Cosmos 1870Cosmos 1887Cosmos 1888Cosmos 1894Cosmos 1897Cosmos 1923Cosmos 1924Cosmos 1925Cosmos 1926Cosmos 1927Cosmos 1928Cosmos 1929Cosmos 1930Cosmos 1931Cosmos 1932Cosmos 1933Cosmos 1934Cosmos 1935B:Mx |b(wc(wd(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(wSOx(w(w(w(w(wCosmos 1957Cosmos 1958Cosmos 1959Cosmos 1960Cosmos 1961Cosmos 1962Cosmos 1963Cosmos 1964Cosmos 1965Cosmos 1966Cosmos 1967Cosmos 1968Cosmos 1969Cosmos 1970Cosmos 1971Cosmos 1972Cosmos 1973Cosmos 1974Cosmos 1975Cosmos 1976BSO |(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w(w)w)w )w )w )w )w )w)wCosmos 1977Cosmos 1978Cosmos 1979Cosmos 1980Cosmos 1982Cosmos 1983Cosmos 1984Cosmos 1985Cosmos 1986Cosmos 1987Cosmos 1988Cosmos 1989Cosmos 1990Cosmos 1991Cosmos 1992Cosmos 1993Cosmos 1994Cosmos 1995Cosmos 1996Cosmos 1997Bx |)w)wgxfxgxgxgxgxgxgxgxgxex|ex}ex~exexexexexCosmos 1998Cosmos 1999Cosmos 2000Cosmos 2001Cosmos 2002Cosmos 2003Cosmos 2004Cosmos 2005Cosmos 2006Cosmos 2007Cosmos 2008Cosmos 2009Cosmos 2010Cosmos 2011Cosmos 2012Cosmos 2013Cosmos 2014Cosmos 2015Cosmos 2016Cosmos 2017BÇ |exexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexexCosmos 2018Cosmos 2019Cosmos 2020Cosmos 2021Cosmos 2022Cosmos 2023Cosmos 2024Cosmos 2025Cosmos 2026Cosmos 2027Cosmos 2028Cosmos 2029Cosmos 2030Cosmos 2031Cosmos 2032Cosmos 2033Cosmos 2034Cosmos 2035Cosmos 2036Cosmos 2037B܉ |exexfxexexexfxfxfxfxfx1fx(fx)fx+fx,fx-fx.fx/fx0fxCosmos 2038Cosmos 2039Cosmos 2040Cosmos 2041Cosmos 2042Cosmos 2043Cosmos 2044Cosmos 2045Cosmos 2047Cosmos 2048Cosmos 2049Cosmos 2050Cosmos 2051Cosmos 2052Cosmos 2054Cosmos 2055Cosmos 2056Cosmos 2057Cosmos 2058Cosmos 2059BÇ |SfxTfxUfxVfxWfxXfxYfxZfx[fxfx~fxfxfxfxfxfxfxfx&x&xCosmos 2061Cosmos 2062Cosmos 2063Cosmos 2064Cosmos 2065Cosmos 2066Cosmos 2067Cosmos 2068Cosmos 2069Cosmos 2070Cosmos 2071Cosmos 2072Cosmos 2073Cosmos 2074Cosmos 2079Cosmos 2080Cosmos 2081Cosmos 2085Cosmos 2100Cosmos 2107B܉ |&x&x$x{$x|$x$x$x$x%x$x$x~%x%x%x%x%x:-x;-x<-x?-xCosmos 2108Cosmos 2109Cosmos 2110Cosmos 2111Cosmos 2112Cosmos 2123Cosmos 2133Cosmos 2139Cosmos 2140Cosmos 2141Cosmos 2142Cosmos 2172Cosmos 2173Cosmos 2177Cosmos 2178Cosmos 2179Cosmos 2204Cosmos 2205Cosmos 2206Cosmos 2209B3 |+x+x+x+x+x+x+x,x ,x ,x ,x ,x,x,x,x,x,x>,x5,x6,xCosmos 2218Cosmos 2219Cosmos 2220Cosmos 2221Cosmos 2222Cosmos 2223Cosmos 2224Cosmos 2230Cosmos 2231Cosmos 2232Cosmos 2233Cosmos 2234Cosmos 2235Cosmos 2236Cosmos 2237Cosmos 2238Cosmos 2239Cosmos 32240Cosmos 2241Cosmos 2242BL |7,x8,x9,x:,x;,x<,x=,xi,x`,xa,xb,xc,xd,xe,xf,xg,xh,x,x,x,xCosmos 2243Cosmos 2244Cosmos 2245Cosmos 2246Cosmos 2247Cosmos 2248Cosmos 2249Cosmos 2250Cosmos 2251Cosmos 2252Cosmos 2253Cosmos 2254Cosmos 2255Cosmos 2256Cosmos 2257Cosmos 2258Cosmos 2259Cosmos 2260Cosmos 2261Cosmos 2262B3e |,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,xCosmos 2263Cosmos 2264Cosmos 2265Cosmos 2266Cosmos 2267Cosmos 2268Cosmos 2269Cosmos 2270Cosmos 2271Cosmos 2272Cosmos 2273Cosmos 2274Cosmos 2275Cosmos 2276Cosmos 2277Cosmos 2278Cosmos 2279Cosmos 2280Cosmos 2281Cosmos 2282BL~ |,x,x,x,x,x,x,x-x -x -x-x-x-x-x-x-x-xy4xp4xq4xCosmos 2283Cosmos 2284Cosmos 2285Cosmos 2286Cosmos 2287Cosmos 2288Cosmos 2289Cosmos 2290Cosmos 2291Cosmos 2292Cosmos 2293Cosmos 2294Cosmos 2295Cosmos 2296Cosmos 2297Cosmos 2298Cosmos 2299Cosmos 2300Cosmos 2301Cosmos 2302Be |r4xs4xt4xu4xv4xw4xx4x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x!3x3x3xCosmos 2303Cosmos 2304Cosmos 2305Cosmos 2306Cosmos 2307Cosmos 2308Cosmos 2309Cosmos 2310Cosmos 2311Cosmos 2312Cosmos 2313Cosmos 2314Cosmos 2315Cosmos 2316Cosmos 2317Cosmos 2318Cosmos 2319Cosmos 2320Cosmos 2321Cosmos 2322B~ |3x3x3x3x3x3x 3xL3xC3xD3xE3xF3xG3xH3xI3xJ3xK3xw3xn3xo3xCosmos 2323Cosmos 2324Cosmos 2325Cosmos 2326Cosmos 2327Cosmos 2328Cosmos 2329Cosmos 2330Cosmos 2331Cosmos 2332Cosmos 2333Cosmos 2334Cosmos 2335Cosmos 2336Cosmos 2337Cosmos 2338Cosmos 2339Cosmos 2340Cosmos 2341Cosmos 2342< xyp3xq3xr3xs3xt3xu3xv3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3x3xɮ6DCosmos 2343Cosmos 2344Cosmos 2345Cosmos 2346Cosmos 2347Cosmos 2348Cosmos 2349Cosmos 2350Cosmos 2351Cosmos 2352Cosmos 2353Cosmos 2354Cosmos 2355Cosmos 2356Cosmos 2357Cosmos 2358Cosmos 2359Cosmos 2360Coupon 1Courier 1BD2 4$ySSCTA CTS (-$ D-0 z[ElS~9T9T〽9T[@=T0`ʗ>T˗>T̗>T 㦼㧼&>QS =9㧢щ㫢щ㬢щProgram: DashProgram: DBSDBS 1DBS 2DBS 3DeltaDenpaProgram: DFS KopernikusDFS 1DFS 2DFS 3Program: DiadmeDiadme 1Diadme 2Dial-WikaDiapasonProgram: DiscovererProgram: DMSPDMSP B5D2-3DMSP B5D2-7DMSP B5D2-8a-O 2㭢щmS!(v&"(v&#(v&$(v&%(v&&(v&'(v&((v&)(v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&DMSP B5D2-9Program: Do0Ong Fang HongDong Fang Hong 01Dong Fang Hong 02Dong Fang Hong 03Dong Fang Hong 04Dong Fang Hong 05Dong Fang Hong 06Dong Fang Hong 07Dong Fang Hong 08Dong Fang Hong 09Dong Fang Hong 10Dong Fang Hong 11Dong Fang Hong 12Dong Fang Hong 13Dong Fang Hong 14b0d 4&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 15Dong Fang Hong 16Dong Fang Hong 17Dong Fang Hong 18Dong Fang Hong 19Dong Fang Hong 20Dong Fang Hong 21Dong Fang Hong 22Dong Fang Hong 23Dong Fang Hong 24Dong Fang Hong 25Dong Fang Hong 26Dong Fang Hong 30Dong Fang Hong 31Dong Fang Hong 32Dong Fang Hong 33MOk B&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&('v&'v& 'v&!'v&"'v&#'v&eOUąy,dMz,dM{,dMDong Fang Hong 34Dong Fang Hong 35Dong Fang Hong 36Dong Fang Hong 37Dong Fang Hong 38Dong Fang Hong 39Dong Fang Hong 40Dong Fang Hong 41Dong Fang Hong 42Dong Fang Hong 43Dong Fang Hong 44Dong Fang Hong 45DoveProgram: DSCSDSCS 2-01DSCS 2-02DSCS 2-03(ds Q|,dM},dM~,dM,dM,dM*dM*dM*dM*dM*dM*dM ceM ceMceMceMceMceMceMceMceMaeMDSCS 2-04DSCS 2-05DSCS 2-06DSCS 2-07DSCS 2-08DSCS 2-11DSCS 2-12DSCS 2-13DSCS 2-14DSCS 2-15DSCS 2-16DSCS 3-01DSCS 3-02DSCS 3-03DSCS 3-04DSCS 3-05DSCS 3-06DSCS 3-07DSCS 3-08DSCS 3-09DSCS 3-10klq oS@c鉂c鉂 c鉂 c鉂 c鉂 c鉂Program: DSPDSP F12DSP 3-1DSP 3-2DSP 3-3DSP 3-4DSP 3-5Dynamics Explorer 1Dynamics Explorer 2(s$ E)l  S^`B㸈LV.MV.R4VR^ZWR^ZXR^ZYR^Z~񢝉eɉeɉeɉeɉeɉeɉeɉeɉeɉxdɉodɉEarly BirdProgram: EchoEcho 1Echo 2Program: EchostarEchostar 1Echostar 2Echostar 3Echostar 4Program: EkranEkran 01Ekran 02Ekran 03Ekran 04Ekran 05Ekran 06Ekran 07Ekran 08Ekran 09Ekran 10Ekran 11 )  SpdɉqdɉrdɉsdɉtdɉudɉvdɉwdɉdɉQL݉JPPU/{MUdPUvS_QT`QTEkran 12Ekran 13Ekran 14Ekran 15Ekran 16Ekran 17Ekran 18Ekran 19Ekran 20Electro 1Program: ElektronElektron 1Elektron 2Elektron 3Elektron 4EoleProgram: EorsatEquator SERBSProgram: ERSERS 1ERS 2  =㯃\㰃\obpbb#11111111111wSㅾTㆾTㇾT㈾T㉾T㊾TESA-Geos 1ESA-Geos 2Program: EsroEsro 1AEsro 1BEsro 2BEsro 4Program: EssaEssa 1Essa 2Essa 3Essa 4Essa 5Essa 6Essa 7Essa 8Essa 9Program: ETSETS 1ETS 2ETS 3ETS 4ETS 5ETS 6; @ w㋾TIRH(نچۆ܆݆N}PU!q2q2q2q2r2j牂ETS 7Eureca 1Program: EutelsatEutelsat 1F1Eutelsat 1F2Eutelsat 1F3Eutelsat 1F4@Eutelsat 1F5Eutelsat 2F1Eutelsat 2F2Eutelsat 2F3Eutelsat 2F4Eutelsat 2F5EUVEProgram: ExosExos AExos BExos CExos DExosatProgram: ExplorerBB |```````l`c`d`e`f`g`h`i`j`k````Explorer 01Explorer 03Explorer 04Explorer 06Explorer 07Explorer 08Explorer 09Explorer 10Explorer 11Explorer 12Explorer 13Explorer 14Explorer 15Explorer 16Explorer 17Explorer 18Explorer 19Explorer 20Explorer 21Explorer 22B@ E |````````````````````Explorer 23Explorer 24Explorer 25Explorer 26Explorer 27Explorer 28Explorer 29Explorer 30Explorer 31Explorer 32Explorer 33Explorer 34Explorer 36Explorer 38Explorer 39Explorer 40Explorer 41Explorer 42Explorer 43Explorer 45~BF `````````-~wJ7J7|{3Explorer 46Explorer 47Explorer 48Explorer 50Explorer 51Explorer 52Explorer 53Explorer 54Explorer 55EXPRESS (German)Program: ExpressExpress 1Express 2Eyesat( EF$ F@FH \ǥ #Ra{˝3д%=JU"dɉ2>>ቂ?>ቂ@>ቂA>ቂB>ቂC>ቂD>ቂE>ቂձTGܝProgram: FaisatFaisat 1Faisat 2VFalcon GoldProgram: FasatFasat AlfaFasat BravoFirewheelProgram: FleetsatcomFleetsatcom 1Fleetsatcom 2Fleetsatcom 3Fleetsatcom 4Fleetsatcom 5Fleetsatcom 6Fleetsatcom 7Fleetsatcom 8FortProgram: FotonnFIp eN L L QU1TATO뉂UO뉂J ;Foton 09Foton 10Foton 11FR 1FrejaProgram: FujiFuji 1AFuji 1BFuji 2(HI$ G*IK UӉ7up_b㉂-8up9upb㉂:up;upUUЇlՅmՅIntelsat 707Intelsat 708Intelsat 709Intelsat 801Intelsat 802Intelsat 803Intelsat 804Intelsat 805Intelsat 806Intelsat KProgram: IntercosmosIntercosmos 01Intercosmos 18Intercosmos 22Program: IntersputnikIRASProgram: IridiumIridium 03Iridium 04. |]nՅoՅpՅqՅrՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅIridium 05Iridium 06Iridium 07Iridium 08Iridium 09Iridium 10Iridium 11Iridium 12Iridium 13Iridium 14Iridium 16Iridium 17Iridium 18Iridium 19Iridium 20Iridium 21Iridium 22Iridium 23Iridium 24Iridium 25.  |]ՅՅՅՅFՅ=Յ>Յ?Յ@ՅAՅBՅCՅDՅEՅqՅhՅiՅjՅkՅlՅIridium 26Iridium 27Iridium 28Iridium 29Iridium 30Iridium 31Iridium 32Iridium 33Iridium 34Iridium 35Iridium 36Iridium 37Iridium 38Iridium 39Iridium 40Iridium 41Iridium 42Iridium 43Iridium 44Iridium 45. |]mՅnՅoՅpՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅIridium 46Iridium 47Iridium 48Iridium 49Iridium 50Iridium 51Iridium 52Iridium 53Iridium 54Iridium 55Iridium 56Iridium 57Iridium 58Iridium 59Iridium 60Iridium 61Iridium 62Iridium 63Iridium 64Iridium 65 &  MՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅ㿓SYTYTYTYTYT_T_T~ ֋UTIridium 66Iridium 67Iridium 68Iridium 69Iridium 70Iridium 71Iridium 72Iridium 73Iridium 74Iridium 75Iridium 76Program: IRSIRS 1AIRS 1BIRS 1CIRS 1DIRS 1EIRS P2IRS P3IRTProgram: ISEEISEE 1! ΀ VT֋TT~voGoGKBOUU~ISEE 2Program: IsisIsis 1Isis 2ISOProgram: ItalsatItalsat 1Italsat 2ItamsatItosIUE(I$ JZ!_ ㆺ2ㇺ2㈺2㉺2㊺2ZProgram: JcsatJcsat 1Jcsat 2Jcsat 3Jcsat 4Jcsat 5JERS 1(I*$ K $@ I QdI%'d('dI֐҉X^z҉(҉e܌҉f܌҉g܌҉j܌҉k܌҉l܌҉҉҉҉G.r*@Y Y Program: KHKH 1-2KH 1-5KH 4-01KH 4A-03KH 7-01KH 9-01KH 11-1KH 11-2KH 11-3KH 11-6KH 11-7KH 11-8KH 12-1KH 12-2KH 12-3Program: KitsatKitsat AKitsat BProgram: KoreasatKoreasat 1Koreasat 2(*h$ L 2@t e=Š--->ܝ ɉ ɉɉɉɉɉSIUIU}XUUg!Ag"AgProgram: LacrosseLacrosse 1Lacrosse 2Lacrosse 3Program: LageosLageos 1Lageos 2Program: LandsatLandsat 1Landsat 2Landsat 3Landsat 4Landsat 5Landsat 6Program: LCSLCS 1LCS 4LDEFProgram: LeasatLeasat 1Leasat 2zh >#Ag$Ag%Ag;S㿶UUU¶UöUĶUƶUǶUUᇏvEomEo ULeasat 3Leasat 4Leasat 5Program: LESLES 1LES 2LES 3LES 4LES 5LES 6LES 8LES 9LewisProgram: LuchLuch 0Luch 1Lusat(t$ M6$ ~m"Zn$aL$M$N$O$P$tYtYtYF^nڰ_ʴU˴U ݏ7ݏ7ݏ7*Program: MabuhayMabuhay 1Program: MagionMagion 1Magion 2Magion 3Magion 4Magion 5Maqsat BMaqsat HMaqsat 3Program: MarecsMarecs AMarecs B1Marecs B2Program: MarisatMarisat 1Marisat 2Marisat 3Program: MeasatMeasat 1?5  r4+3xA>k>kDu ks k٫ k۫ kܫ k2_ϵaеaѵaҵaӵaԵaյaKtAMeasat 2Meteor (US)Program: MeteorMeteor 1-01Meteor 1-02Meteor 2-01Meteor 2-21Meteor 3-03Meteor 3-05Meteor 3-06Program: MeteosatMeteosat 1Meteosat 2Meteosat 3Meteosat 4Meteosat 5Meteosat 6Meteosat 7Microlab 1Program: Midas1$9  tc........c-c{AAK&Yu<щjQvVIWHWHWHWMidas 02Midas 03Midas 04Midas 05Midas 06Midas 07Midas 08Midas 09Midas 10Program: MilstarMilstar 1-1Milstar 1-2Program: MinisatMinisat 01MirandaProgram: MolniyaMolniya 1-01Molniya 1-71Molniya 1-72Molniya 1-74D5 K  jIWIWIWIWIW4IWX|YRYSYTYUY{Y}Y~YY〵YふY㘜7Molniya 1-85Molniya 1-86Molniya 1-87Molniya 1-88Molniya 1-89Molniya 1-90Molniya 2-01Molniya 3-01Molniya 3-34Molniya 3-35Molniya 3-36Molniya 3-37Molniya 3-42Molniya 3-44Molniya 3-45Molniya 3-46Molniya 3-47Molniya 3-48Molniya 1-SJ9  aӔV$W$tz6wFFLw޲xxx㟛oK&VU +VProgram: MomoMomo 1AMomo 1BProgram: MorelosMorelos 1Morelos 2MSAT 1Program: MSTIMSTI 1MSTI 2MSTI 3MSXMusatMyojo(K $ N 2@ e4) * .<:R򲟉S򲟉T򲟉U򲟉"%ljS_Euga }b }CdCdCdCdCdCdW􉂃ȉProgram: N StarN Star AN Star BProgram: NadezhdaNadezhda 1Nadezhda 2Nadez@hda 3Nadezhda 4Program: NahuelNahuel 1AProgram: NATONato 1Nato 2Nato 3ANato 3BNato 3CNato 3DNato 4ANato 4BNilesat 101Program: Nimbus$B IQ;CR;CS;C KT;CU;CV;CW;CTɑ܁ {݁ {ށ {߁ { { { { { {b {Y {Z {[ {\ {Nimbus 1Nimbus 2Nimbus 3Nimbus 3ANimbus 4Nimbus 5Nimbus 6Nimbus 7Program: NOAANOAA 01NOAA 02NOAA 03NOAA 04NOAA 05NOAA 06NOAA 07NOAA 08NOAA 09NOAA 10NOAA 11NOAA 12NOAA 13NOAA 14@D 1] {l̑X~X~X~X~X~X~X~X~X~"W~#W~$W~%W~̑www4) NOAA 15NOAA BProgram: NOSSNOSS 01NOSS 02NOSS 03NOSS 04NOSS 05NOSS 06NOSS 07NOSS 08NOSS 09NOSS 12NOSS 13NOSS 14NOSS 15Program: NovaNova 1Nova 2Nova 3Program: N StarN Star A(BE$ O&DG M6S?vV?vV?vV?vV뉢󓋉󓋉󓋉󓋉@ױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBProgram: OAOOAO 1OAO 2OAO 3OAO BProgram: OceanOcean 1Ocean 2Ocean 3Ocean 4Program: OderacsOderacs 1AOderacs 1BOderacs 1COderacs 1DOderacs 1EOderacs 1FOderacs 2AOderacs 2BOderacs 2COderacs 2D EI ;ױBױB5ffff٧8S}V}V}V}V}V}V~gOvtމ_____Oderacs 2EOderacs 2FProgram: OffekOffek 1Offek 2Offek 3Offek 4OFOProgram: OGOOGO 1OGO 2OGO 3OGO 4OGO 5OGO 6OhsumiOlympusProgram: OptusOptus A1Optus A2Optus A3Optus B1Optus B2GG0K h_㐫9_P8s:9s::s:;s:s:?s:@s:rZыiZыjZыkZыlZыmZыOptus B3Program: OrbcommOrbcomm XOrbcomm XP 1Orbcomm FM 1Orbcomm FM 2Orbcomm FM 3Orbcomm FM 4Orbcomm FM 5Orbcomm FM 6Orbcomm FM 7Orbcomm FM 8Orbcomm FM 9Orbcomm FM 10Orbcomm FM 11Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 13Orbcomm FM 14Orbcomm FM 150I4M vanZыoZыpZыqZыZыJe۴R*䵟쉂쉂쉂쉂쉂쉂쉂쉂p#؉u쉂n쉂Orbcomm FM 16Orbcomm FM 17Orbcomm FM 18Orbcomm FM 19Orbcomm FM 20Orbview 2Program: OrionOrion 1Program: OscarOscar 01Oscar 02Oscar 03Oscar 04Oscar 05Oscar 06Oscar 07Oscar 08Oscar 09 failureOscar 10Oscar 130KDO 1؉:9:92:93:9有有5:9]:9^:9?J$@hAhBh8MChDhEh RPacsatPageosProgram: PalapaPalapa A1Palapa A2Palapa B1Palapa B2Palapa B2PPalapa B2RPalapa B4Palapa C1Palapa C2Program: PanamsatPanamsat 1Panamsat 2Panamsat 3Panamsat 3RPanamsat 4Panamsat 5Panamsat 6Program: Pegasus&Pn MOPQsg8GV7cnQVqwVl?|s}s~sssssssssPegasus 1Pegasus 2Pegasus 3PegsatPolePMGPolairePolarPolluxPosatProgram: PrognozPrognoz 01Prognoz 02Prognoz 03Prognoz 04Prognoz 05Prognoz 06Prognoz 07Prognoz 08Prognoz 09Prognoz 10Prognoz 11dg1_ s'S*Ձ+܉㡄*㢄*㣄*㤄*Prognoz 12ProsperoProgram: ProtonProton 1Proton 2Proton 3Proton 4(nY$ R*1` UgT8  -ꉂ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމƭ\ƭ\ƭ\=4oމ44oމ54oމ64oމ74oމ84oމRadarsatRadcalProgram: RadugaRaduga 01Raduga 02Raduga 03Raduga 04Raduga 05Raduga 06Raduga 07Raduga 08Raduga 09Raduga 1-1Raduga 1-2Raduga 1-3Raduga 10Raduga 11Raduga 12Raduga 13Raduga 14Raduga 15(Yg Q94oމ:4oމ;4oމ<4oމh4oމ_4oމ`4oމa4oމb4oމc4oމd4oމe4oމf4oމg4oމ4oމ4oމ4oމ4oމ㾩ARaduga 16Raduga 17Raduga 18Raduga 19Raduga 20Raduga 21Raduga 22Raduga 23Raduga 24Raduga 25Raduga 26Raduga 27Raduga 28Raduga 29Raduga 30Raduga 31Raduga 32Raduga 33Program: RelayRelay 1Relay 22`o zeY뉂y9z9{9|9}9~99997777777777Program: ResursResurs F01Resurs F02Resurs F03Resurs F04Resurs F05Resurs F06Resurs F07Resurs F08Resurs F09Resurs F10Resurs F11Resurs F12Resurs F13Resurs F14Resurs F15Resurs F16Resurs F17Resurs F18Resurs F19]ǧ *8!8㹾SsɉSsɉW㐋 퉂~OaEF/{r#W (WResurs F20Resurs F21Resurs 500Resurs O1-3Resurs O1-4REX 2Program: RohiniRohini 1BRohini 2Rohini 3Program: EorsatRosatRS 15Ryusei(o$ S 3̌ |g>`U˓FWpl]l]\򉂃*߉J.K.u.v.~稉rJj777774`Uq󉂃ZS80TSAC BProgram: SafirSafir 1Safir 2Program: SakuraSakura 1Sakura 2ASakura 2BSakura 3ASakura 3BSampexProgram: San MarcoSan Marco 1San Marco 2San Marco 3San Marco 4San Marco 5SaraProgram: SarsatProgram: Satcom  =>0*-?0*-@0*-A0*q-s-t---IS=HW=HW=HW=HW=HW=HWeSIWo\DSatcom 1Satcom 1RSatcom 2Satcom 2RSatcom 3Satcom 3RSatcom 4Satcom C1Satcom C3Satcom C4Satcom K1Satcom K2SAXProgram: SBSSBS 1SBS 2SBS 3SBS 4SBS 5SBS 6Program: SCDSCD 1SCD 2A %# K'[IW㖯u l^{m^{n^{o^{p^{q^{r^{s^{^{RRe>w|o5ԥ__zcBdBScoreSeasatProgram: SecorSecor 01BSecor 02Secor 03Secor 04Secor 05Secor 06Secor 07Secor 08Secor 09Secor 13Seds 1Seds 2SFUShinseiSich 1Signe 3Program: Sinosat 1Program: SirioSirio 1Sirio 237 gڢ􉂃 ȉ ȉ5 ȉ6 ȉ ȉ ȉ ȉ ȉ"S.UW/UWEaU©Hىw퉂L2L2Program: SiriusSirius 1Sirius 2Program: SkynetSkynet 1ASkynet 1BSkynet 2ASkynet 2BSkynet 4ASkynet 4BSkynet 4CSkynet 4DSMESMMProgram: SMSSMS 1SMS 2SNOESolar AProgram: SolidaridadSolidaridad 1Solidaridad 2 :#D tud㬎Y㮎Y 4 4 4 4㴎Y2Y 4 4Acىv?qZIz[Iz\IzdDQ/̸~XDProgram: SolradSolrad 01Solrad 03Solrad 06ASolrad 06BSolrad 07ASolrad 07BSolrad 09Solrad 10Solrad 11ASolrad 11BSolwindProgram: SpacenetSpacenet 1Spacenet 2Spacenet 3Spacenet 3RProgram: SpartanSpartan 101Spartan 201-127S eYDZD[DkӸ~mӸ~nӸ~~b竉c竉d竉e竉㥇㦇㧇㨇xZU~~~~Spartan 201-2Spartan 201-3Spartan 201-4Spartan 204Spartan 206Spartan 207Program: SpasSpas 1Spas 2Spas 3Spas 4Program: SpotSpot 1Spot 2Spot 3Spot 4Program: SputnikSputnik 01Sputnik 02Sputnik 03Sputnik 04@Dm ~~~~~~ITJT㑲ㅊD􉂃ㆊD􉂃㇊D􉂃_G ?1\x444Sputnik 05Sputnik 06Sputnik 07Sputnik 09Sputnik 10Sputnik 40Program: SretSret 1Sret 2Program: SrossSross 1Sross 2Sross 3Sross C2Program: StacksatStarletteStart 1Program: StatsionarStatsionar 01Statsionar 02Statsionar 03 FSx X444444444444444H4?4@4Statsionar 04Statsionar 05Statsionar 06Statsionar 07Statsionar 08Statsionar 09Statsionar 10Statsionar 11Statsionar 12Statsionar 13Statsionar 14Statsionar 15Statsionar 16Statsionar 17Statsionar 19Statsionar 20Statsionar 21Statsionar 220mz raB4C4D4E4xټ 󼬉󼬉󼬉󼬉@djdj㉱vY'# OOO_Sk7`Sk7Statsionar 24Statsionar 25Statsionar 26Statsionar 27StellaProgram: StepStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Program: STRVSTRV 1ASTRV 1BSurfsat 1Program: SuperbirdSuperbird A1Superbird A2Superbird B1Superbird CSuperbird DrxW_ ۢ&?a׉@a׉~sHsHsHProgram: SymphonieSymphonie 1zWSymphonie 2Program: SyncomSyncom 1Syncom 2Syncom 3(z$ T $W IzWoCoCoCoC4~WSw~Ww~W@ĘOMOMOMOMOMOMOM ډ ډyk eTaiyoProgram: TanseiTansei 1Tansei 2Tansei 3Tansei 4TD 1AProgram: TDFTDF 1TDF 2Program: TDRSTDRS 1TDRS 2TDRS 3TDRS 4TDRS 5TDRS 6TDRS 7Techsat 1Techsat 2TELE XProgram: TelecomTelecom 1A> t}ee8e9e:e;eNꉂ5`1VckzzzzƵƵƵ͵͵㑑)zz4Telecom 1BTelecom 1CTelecom 2ATelecom 2BTelecom 2CTelecom 2DProgram: TeledesicTeledesic 1Program: TelstarTelstar 1Telstar 2Telstar 301Telstar 302Telstar 303Telstar 401Telstar 402Telstar 402RTelstar 5TemisatProgram: Tempo ' Oqv胉FˉGˉHˉfOgOhO:ܗ+;ܗ+<ܗ+=ܗ+>ܗ+?ܗ+@ܗ+Aܗ+Bܗ+ڗ+?WTempo 2Program: ThaicomThaicom 1Thaicom 2Thaicom 3Program: ThorThor 1Thor 2Thor 3Program: TirosTiros 01Tiros 02Tiros 03Tiros 04Tiros 05Tiros 06Tiros 07Tiros 08Tiros 09Tiros 10Tiros NTMSAT. x] bUue<zPW|ۉd؉㺶؉㻶؉ABŘbU 剂eL͉>W>WIII [LY]cKTOMSTopex PoseidonTournesolTraacProgram: TransitTransit 2ATransit 4ATransit 4BTransit 5BN1Transit 5BN2TRMMProgram: TsikadaTsikada 1TTS 1TTS 2Program: TubsatTubsat ATubsat BTubsat NTubsat N 1Program: TurksatJD N llvmmvmmѾmԐmԐTurksat 1ATurksat 1BProgram: TvsatTvsat 1Tvsat 2(l $ UD L  lUcUS|W|W|W|W|W|W|W|WrWsW- - ~ꠉ͓F̉ΓF̉ϓF̉ГF̉ѓF̉#SUARSProgram: UHFUHF 1UHF 2UHF 3UHF 4UHF 5UHF 6UHF 7UHF 8Ume 1Ume 2Unamsat 1Unamsat 2Program: UosatUosat 1Uosat 2Uosat 3Uosat 4Uosat 5UPMsat 1Program: USA(l t $ VpL   u߉kkk71ĉ;9%>>>>>>Program: VanguardVanguard 1Vanguard 2Vanguard 3Program: VelaVikingProgram: VitasatProgram: VortexVortex 1Vortex 2Vortex 3Vortex 4Vortex 5Vortex 6(t  $ W5 A I .Nf`//////&>a͉caω*-XWebersatWestpacProgram: WestarWestar 1Westar 2Westar 3Westar 4Westar 5Westar 6Dial-WikaWind 1WresatWSF 2( i$ X3 A* $*XTE(i$ Yyz ĀO·ቂ㉂㉂㉂㉂㉂㉂ ㉂YESProgram: YuriYuri 1Yuri 2AYuri 2BYuri 2XYuri 3AYuri 3BYuri 3HYuri 3N<  @1#5 @\@sCDesignation @P\@5 :8NJ" Designation Numbers& @@# 6\@@' O Introduction&@B2 2  Objects in space are tracked by the US Space Command. Each object is identified by 2 numbers called the Catalog Number (in the US Space Command database) and the International Launch number. You will find those 2 designators in the General section of each satellite sheet. The Catalog Number is just an incremented number from the first object launched in space on. To search a satellite by its catalog number, use the search tool (keyword search) and enter "CATNR " followed by that number.@D1 0   The International Launch Number is a code is composed of the year (2 first digits), by the number of the launch in the year (the 3 next digits) and 2 letters can be added to identify the objects resulting of a launch. Thus number 91026 means the 26th launch in 1991. To search for a launch by number, use the search tool (keyword search) and enter "LAUNR " followed by that number.7BD'   Last launches+DD$ 1998+D!G Pq~qSՅlՅZыqZыpZыoZыnZыmZыlZыkZы3xԥ_98048B19 AugIridium 7698048A19 AugIridium 0398047A13 AugSoyuz TM-2898____12 AugUSA98046H02 AugOrbcomm FM 2098046G02 AugOrbcomm FM 1998046F02 AugOrbcomm FM 1898046E02 AugOrbcomm FM 1798046D02 AugOrbcomm FM 1698046C02 AugOrbcomm FM 1598046B02 AugOrbcomm FM 1498046A02 AugOrbcomm FM 1398045A28 JulCosmos 236098044A18 JulSinosat 1 {DAI Pq~qSl]Nf ډW=JUSsɉ [LYIサY3x3xĉ3x98043F10 JulSafir 298043E10 JulWestpac98043D10 JulTechsat 298043C10 JulTMSAT98043B10 JulFasat bravo98043A10 JulResurs O1-498042B07 JulTubsat N198042A07 JulTubsat N98041A03 JulNozomi (Planet B)98040A01 JulMolniya 3-4998039A25 JunCosmos 235998038A24 JunCosmos 235898037A18 JunIntelsat 80598036F15 JunCosmos 2357 {!GaK Pq~qS3x3x3x3x3xhOzj)ቂՅՅՅՅՅ98036E15 JunCosmos 235698036D15 JunCosmos 235598036C15 JunCosmos 235498036B15 JunCosmos 235398036A15 JunCosmos 235298035A11 JunThor 398034A02 JunSTS 9198033A30 MayChinastar 198032E17 MayIridium 7598032D17 MayIridium 7498032C17 MayIridium 7398032B17 MayIridium 7298032A17 MayIridium 7098031A14 MayProgress M-39'|AIM $Pq~qS] {i뉂YR^Z3xՅՅ3xS􉂃W􉂃{}{}㳝QP㱝QPボ98030A13 MayNOAA 1598029A09 MayUSA 13998028A07 MayEchostar 498027A07 MayCosmos 235198026B02 MayIridium 7198026A02 MayIridium 6998025A29 AprCosmos 235098024B28 AprBsat 1B98024A28 AprNilesat 10198023D24 AprGlobalstar 1598023C24 AprGlobalstar 1498023B24 AprGlobalstar 898023A24 AprGlobalstar 698022A17 AprSTS 90"waKO $Pq~qSՅՅՅՅՅՅՅPWՅՅՅՅՅՅ98021G07 AprIridium 6898021F07 AprIridium 6798021E07 AprIridium 6698021D07 AprIridium 6598021C07 AprIridium 6498021B07 AprIridium 6398021A07 AprIridium 6298020A02 AprTrace98019E30 MarIridium 6098019D30 MarIridium 5998019C30 MarIridium 5898019B30 MarIridium 5798019A30 MarIridium 5598018B25 MarIridium 61lMǁ Pq~qSՅ㨇|WĉOǁ5`1EaUˎՅՅՅՅՅ98018A25 MarIridium 5198017A24 MarSpot 498016A16 MarUHF 898015A14 MarProgress M-3898014A28 FebIntelsat 80698013A27 FebHotbird 498012B26 FebTeledesic 198012A26 FebSNOE98011A21 FebComets98010E18 FebIridium 5498010D18 FebIridium 5398010C18 FebIridium 5298010B18 FebIridium 5198010A18 FebIridium 50%O Pq~qSv3x㯝QP㮝QP㭝QP㬝QPH ;s::s:T-rG$c􉂃i뉂W98009A17 FebCosmos 234998008D14 FebGlobalstar 498008C14 FebGlobalstar 398008B14 FebGlobalstar 298008A14 FebGlobalstar 198007D10 FebCelestis 298007C10 FebOrbcomm FM 498007B10 FebOrbcomm FM 398007A10 FebGFO 198006B04 FebInmarsat 3F598006A04 FebBrasilsat B398005A29 JanUSA 13798004A29 JanSoyuz TM-2798003A22 JanSTS 89RǁA RPq~qSf ȉ98___22 JanOffek 498002A10 JanSkynet 4D98001A07 JanLunar Prospector+$ 1997u Pq~qSk^`BjZыiZыrZы@s:?s:>s:=s:ՅՅrRUյaձTDhUՅՅՅՅ97051B14 SepIridiumGx 3297051A14 SepIridium 2997050A04 SepGE 397049B02 SepMeteosat 797049A02 SepHotbird 397048B01 SepDummy Iridium 297048A01 SepDummy Iridium 197047A28 AugFort97046A28 AugPanamsat 597045A25 AugACE97044A23 AugLewis97043E21 AugIridium 2297043D21 AugIridium 2397043C21 AugIridium 2497043B21 AugIridium 25pG Pq~qSՅnr3xEhSJe_Sk73Z݉ՅՅՅՅ97043A21 AugIridium 2697042A19 AugMabuhay 197041A14 AugCosmos 234597040A08 AugPanamsat 697039B07 AugSPAS97039A07 AugSTS 8597038A05 AugSoyuz TM-2697037A01 AugOrbview 297036A28 JulSuperbird C97035A23 JulGPS BIIR-0297034E09 JulIridium 2197034D09 JulIridium 2097034C09 JulIridium 1897034B09 JulIridium 17ux Pq~qSՅ}ĉՅՅՅrՅՅՅՅ#'v&q3xG@c97034A09 JulIridium 1597033A05 JulProgress M3597032A01 JulSTS 9497031A25 JunIntelsat 80297030G18 Juniridium 1197030F18 Juniridium 1697030E18 Juniridium 1397030D18 Juniridium 0997030C18 Juniridium 1097030B18 Juniridium 1297030A18 Juniridium 1497029A10 JunDFH 4597028A06 JunCosmos 234497027B03 JunInsat 2Do Pq~qS,rGzzgO'CM_剂p3xRo3x"'v&mՅnՅoՅpՅqՅ97027A03 JunInmarsat 3F497026A24 MayTelstar 597025A20 MayThor 297____20 MayCosmos (Zenit, was a Tselina 2)97024A15 MayCosmos 234397023A15 MaySTS 8497022A14 MayCosmos 234297021A11 MayDFH 4497020E05 MayIridium 0497020D05 MayIridium 0597020C05 MayIridium 0697020B05 MayIridium 0797020A05 MayIridium 08j Pq~qS㝖.H K&n3xR􉂃Hˉw3xQ㭢щqJiUĉ c鉂97019A25 AprGoes 1097018B21 AprCelestis 197018A21 AprMinisat 0197017A17 AprCosmos 234197016B16 AprBsat 1A97016A16 AprThaicom 397015A09 AprCosmos 234097014A06 AprProgress M3497013A04 AprSTS 8397012A04 AprDMSP B5D2-997011A08 MarTempo 297010A04 MarZeya97009A01 MarIntelsat 80197008A23 FebDSP 3-6!a NPq~qS㉺2 K3x J3x I3x N, M, L,ӊHPS_ErRU2Z݉97007A17 FebJcsat 497006F14 FebCosmos 233997006E14 FebCosmos 233897006D14 FebCosmos 233797006C14 FebGonets-D1 697006B14 FebGonets-D1 597006A14 FebGonets-D1 497005A12 FebHaruka97004A11 FebSTS 8297003A10 FebSoyuz TM-2597002B30 JanNahuel 1A97002A30 JanGE 297____17 JanGPS BIIR-01N65 :2Pq~qSO97001A12 JanSTS 81+a$ 19966 Pq~qS0p҉H3x+rGG3xX`鉂!SU96073A24 DecBion 1196072A20 DecUSA 12996071A20 DecCosmos 233696070A17 DecInmarsat 3F396069A11 DecCosmos 233596068A04 DecPathfinder96067A21 NovHotbird 296066A20 NovProgress M-3396065C22 NovWSF96065B20 NovOrfeus96065A19 NovSTS 8096064A16 NovMars 9696063B13 NovMeasat 296063A13 NovArabsat 2B96062A07 NovMGS96061A04 NovHETE,a $Pq~qS˓FWふY!'v&J7,6F݉WR^ZrRU*rG- F3xE3xP$s96061A04 NovSAC B96060A24 OctMolniya 3-4896059A20 OctDong Fang Hong 43 (FSW 2-3)96058A26 SepExpress 296057A16 SepSTS 7996056A12 SepGPS BIIA-2796055A11 SepEchostar 296054A08 SepGE 196053A06 SepInmarsat 3F296052B05 SepUnamsat 296052A05 SepCosmos 233496051A04 SepCosmos 233396050C29 AugMagion 596050B29 AugPrognoz 12{ Pq~qSoK&V"QU 'v&J ;isIW;eoG|W6F݉nvm_鉂96050A29 AugMusat96049A21 AugFast96048A18 AugDong Fang Hong 42 (Chinasat 7)96047A17 AugSoyuz TM-2496046B17 AugFuji 296046A17 AugAdeos 196045A14 AugMolniya 1-8996044B08 AugTelecom 2D96044A08 AugItalsat 296043A31 JulProgress M-3296042A25 JulUHF 796041A16 JulGPS BIIA-2696040B09 JulTurksat 1C96040A09 JulArabsat 2A!| Pq~qSi"鉂[i뉂 bU+ĉ_7ǥ#o?upnӸ~*x3 ^:996039A03 JulApstar 1A96038A03 JulUSA 12596037A02 JulTOMS960___20 JunCosmos (Yantar, aboard Soyuz)96036A20 JunSTS 7896035A15 JunIntelsat 709960___04 JunCluster 1, 2, 3, 496034A25 MayGorizont 3296033A23 MayGalaxy 996032B19 MaySpartan 20796032A19 MaySTS 7796031A17 MayMSTI 396030B16 MayAmos 196030A16 MayPalapa C2' Pq~qSe剂%W~3i뉂D3x㟛Lw)~)rG6F݉)_TC3x96____14 MayCosmos 2333 failure96029A12 MayNOSS 1596028A05 MayProgress M-3196027A30 AprSAX96026A24 AprUSA 11896025A24 AprCosmos 233296024A24 AprMSX96023A23 AprPriroda96022A20 AprMSAT 196021A08 AprAstra 1F96020A03 AprInmarsat 3F196019A28 MarGPS BIIA-2596018A22 MarSTS 7696017A21 MarIRS P396016A14 MarCosmos 2331,E   Pq~qSĉWQV>W(4oމL3x 3x3xK,J,I,ĉ96015A14 MarIntelsat 70796014A09 MarREX 296013A24 FebPolar96012B26 FebTTS 296012A22 FebSTS 7596011A21 FebSoyuz TM-2396010A19 FebRaduga 3396009F19 FebCosmos 233096009E19 FebCosmos 232996009D19 FebCosmos 232896009C19 FebGonets D1-396009B19 FebGonets D1-296009A19 FebGonets D1-196008A17 FebNEAR96____14 FebIntelsat 708n ~ ʀPq~qS* ]:9#o3xY 8MmӸ~%96007A05 FebN Star B96006A01 FebPalapa C196005A25 JanGorizont 3196004A16 JanCosmos 232796003A14 JanKoreasat 296002B12 JanMeasat 196002A12 JanPanamsat 3R96001B11 JanSpartan 20696001A11 JanSTS 72+E  $ 1995'   Pq~qS*VR^ZWYT3xb㉂3x3x3xG@c:e҉k95074A30 DecXTE95073A28 DecEchostar 195072B28 DecSkipper95072A28 DecIRS 1C95071A20 DecCosmos 232695070A18 DecProgress M-3095069A15 DecGalaxy 3R95068C14 DecCosmos 232595068B14 DecCosmos 232495068A14 DecCosmos 232395067B06 DecInsat 2C95067A06 DecTelecom 2C95066A05 DecKH 12-395065A02 DecSoho95064A28 NovAsiasat 2*| / *Pq~qSO?~'㉱vgT3x4+|W&(~mEo3x!3x95063A17 NovGals 295062A17 NovISO95061A12 NovSTS 7495060A06 NovMilstar 1-295059B04 NovSurfsat 195059A04 NovRadarsat95058A31 OctCosmos 232295____23 OctMeteor (US)95057A22 OctUHF 695056A20 OctSTS 7395055A19 OctAstra 1E95054A11 OctLuch 195053A08 OctProgress M-2995052A06 OctCosmos 232195051A29 SepCosmos 2320n NA Pq~qS*8㑑)*-XZD3д%>w|2x) ㈺2ߎ؉〵YY 95050A26 SepResurs F2095049A24 SepT/NAelstar 402R95048C11 SepWSF 295048B08 SepSpartan 201-395048A07 SepSTS 6995047A03 SepSoyuz TM-2295046A31 AugFasat Alfa95046A31 AugSich 195045A30 AugCosmos 231995044A29 AugN Star A95043A29 AugJcsat 395____15 AugGemstar95042A09 AugMolniya 3-4795041A05 AugKoreasat 1k/^C Pq~qSChO$sceM2x2x2xOM--i뉂#fNh휭95040A03 AugPanamsat 495039F02 AugMagion 495039A02 AugPrognoz 1195038A31 JulDSCS 3-0995037C24 JulCosmos 231895037C24 JulCosmos 231795037A24 JulCosmos 231695036A20 JulProgress M-2895035B13 JulTDRS 795035A13 JulSTS 7095034A10 JulUSA 11295033C07 JulUPMsat 195033B07 JulCerise95033A07 JulHlios 1AwNA}E Pq~qS2x2x$󼬉〽9T2x|W2x.ĉ5i뉂`QTlJT95032A05 JulCosmos 231595031A28 JunCosmos 231495030A27 JunSTS 7195____22 JunStep 395029A10 JunDBS 395028A08 JunCosmos 231395027A31 MayUHF 595026A24 MayCosmos 231295025A23 MayGoes 0995024A20 MaySpektr95023A17 MayIntelsat 70695022A14 MayUSA 11095021A21 AprERS 286017JE19 AprGFZ 195020A09 AprProgress M-27 ~^CG Pq~qSS fK9s:8s:#c􉂃 ډ- 㬢щ2xĉ95019A07 AprAMSC 195018A05 AprOffek 395017C03 AprMicrolab 195017B03 AprOrbcomm FM295017A03 AprOrbcomm FM195016B28 MarHotbird 195016A28 MarBrasilsat B295___28 MarTechsat 195___28 MarUnamsat 195___28 MarEKA (Eksperimental'niy Kosmicheskiy Apparat)95015A24 MarDMSP B5D2-895014A22 MarCosmos 231195013A22 MarIntelsat 705o}EI Pq~qS2xTx4xw4xv4xu4xL ױBױBױB95012A22 MarCosmos 231095011B17 MarGMS 595011A17 MarSFU95010A14 MarSoyuz TM-2195009C07 MarCosmos 230995009B07 MarCosmos 230895009A07 MarCosmos 230795008A02 MarCosmos 230695007A02 MarSTS 6795006A16 FebFoton 1095005A15 FebProgress M-2695004H04 FebOderacs 2F95004G04 FebOderacs 2E95004F04 FebOderacs 2D;GvK wPq~qSױBױBױBkӸ~|W# ~eL͉-ĉ95004E04 FebOderacs 2C95004D04 FebOderacs 2B95004C04 FebOderacs 2A95004B07 FebSpartan 20495004A03 FebSTS 6395003A29 JanUHF 495002C24 JanFaisat 195002B24 JanAstrid 195002A24 JanTsikada 195____15 JanEXPRESS (German) (no number assigned)95001A10 JanIntelsat 704+IK$ 1994!vvKM $Pq~qS\ {t4x4oމs4xr4xq4xp4xy4x-x (W c鉂-xvEoIW94089A30 DecNOAA 1494088A29 DecCosmos 230594087A28 DecRaduga 3294086F26 DecCosmos 230494086E26 DecCosmos 230394086D26 DecCosmos 230294086C26 DecCosmos 230194086B26 DecCosmos 230094086A26 DecCosmos 229994085A26 DecRS 1594084A22 DecDSP 3-594083A20 DecCosmos 229894082A16 DecLuch 094081A14 DecMolniya 1-88'K  Pq~qSBh'v&R*-l-x-x-x-xSsɉe竉-xa͉94____01 DecPanamsat 394080A29 NovDong Fang Hong 4194079A29 NovOrion 194078A24 NovGeo-IK 194077A24 NovCosmos 229794076C20 NovCosmos 229694076B20 NovCosmos 229594076A20 NovCosmos 229494075A11 NovProgress M-2594074A04 NovResurs O1-394073B04 NovSpas 4 (Crista)94073A03 NovSTS 6694072A02 NovCosmos 229394071A01 NovWind 1M qM" Pq~qS(~Q_TJ7󓋉GˉL2ĉ -x -xYD94070A01 NovAstra 1D94069A31 OctElectro 194068A15 OctIRS P294067A13 OctExpress 194066A11 OctOcean 494065B08 OctThaicom 294065A08 OctSolidaridad 294064A06 OctIntelsat 70394063A03 OctSoyuz TM-2094062A30 SepSTS 6894061A27 SepCosmos 229294060A21 SepCosmos 229194059B13 SepSpartan 201-294059A09 SepSTS 64#~ E Pq~qS͵㫢щ㊾T_j뉂-xY,x,x,xmvm"c􉂃,x94058A09 SepTelstar 40294057A29 AugDMSP B5D2-794056A28 AugETS 694055A27 AugOptus B394054A27 AugUSA 10594053A26 AugCosmos 229094052A25 AugProgress M-2494051A23 AugMolniya 3-4694050C11 AugCosmos 228994050B11 AugCosmos 228894050A11 AugCosmos 228794049B11 AugTurksat 1B94049A11 AugBrasilsat B194048A05 AugCosmos 2286n"X Pq~qS9T|KU,x,xb ,xU򲟉 ㉂Ah,x('v&󼬉94047A03 AugDBS 294046A03 AugApex94045A02 AugCosmos 228594044A29 JulCosmos 228494043A21 JulApstar 194042A20 JulCosmos 228394041A14 JulNadezhda 494040B08 JulYuri 3N94040A08 JulPanamsat 294039A08 JulSTS 6594038A06 JulCosmos 228294037A03 JulDong Fang Hong 4094036A01 JulSoyuz TM-1994____27 JunStep 1&~E~ Pq~qS|WdjdjĉeN ,x#o󼬉x_Gj뉂,x,x94035A24 JunUHF 394034C17 JunSTRV 1B94034B17 JunSTRV 1A94034A17 JunIntelsat 70294033A14 JunFoton 0994032A07 JunCosmos 228194____25 MayCosmos94031A22 MayProgress M-2394030A20 MayGorizont 3094029A19 MayStep 294028A09 MayMSTI 294027A04 MaySross C294026A03 MayUSA 10394025A28 AprCosmos 228094024A26 AprCosmos 2279mX Pq~qS,x.,x,x,x֛+xj뉂j뉂R6F݉^94023A23 AprCosmos 227894022A13 AprGoes 0894021C11 AprCosmos 227794021B11 AprCosmos 227694021A11 AprCosmos 227594020A09 AprSTS 5994019A22 MarProgress M-2294018A17 MarCosmos 227494017B13 MarUSA 10294017A13 MarUSA 10194016B10 MarSeds 294016A10 MarGPS BIIA-2494015A04 MarSTS 6294014A02 MarCoronas 1w~ Pq~qS_b㉂4oމ,x,x,x,x,x,x&v&&v&ƭ\94013A19 FebGalaxy 1R94012A18 FebRaduga 3194011F12 FebCosmos 227394011E12 FebCosmos 227294011D12 FebCosmos 227194011C12 FebCosmos 227094011B12 FebCosmos 226994011A12 FebCosmos 226894010B08 FebDong Fang Hong 3994010A08 FebDong Fang Hong 3894009A07 FebMilstar 1-194008A05 FebRaduga 1-394007B03 FebRyusei (OREX)|Ď Pq~qSU +V쉂ױBױBױBױBױBױBܫ kIlvm94007A03 FebMyojo (VEP)94006H09 FebBremsat94006G09 FebOderacs 1F94006F09 FebOderacs 1E94006E09 FebOderacs 1D94006D09 FebOderacs 1C94006C09 FebOderacs 1B94006B09 FebOderacs 1A94006A03 FebSTS 6094005A28 JanProgress M-2194004A25 JanDSPSE (Clementine)94003A25 JanMeteor 3-0694003B25 JanTubsat B94____24 JanTurksat 1APUA RPq~qSO?94____24 JanEutelsat 2F594002A20 JanGals 194001A08 JanSoyuz TM-18+Ď$ 1993$yU $Pq~qSIWFˉ~9T͵CdceMԵaL2』#o,x,x#o6F݉93079A22 DecMolniya 1-8793078B18 DecThaicom 193078A18 DecDBS 193077A16 DecTelstar 40193076A08 DecNato 4B93075A02 DecSTS 6193074A28 NovDSCS 3-0893073B20 NovMeteosat 693073A20 NovSolidaridad 193072A18 NovGorizont 2993071A05 NovCosmos 226793070A02 NovCosmos 226693069A28 OctGorizont 2893068A26 OctGPS BIIA-23j Pq~qS,xĉ՛&v&ɉ4oމVBK|{3xټ㧇93067A26 OctCosmos 226593066A22 OctIntelsat 70193065A18 OctSTS 5893064A11 OctProgress M-2093063A08 OctDong Fang Hong 3793____05 OctLandsat 693062A30 SepRaduga 3093061H26 SepKitsat B93061G26 SepPosat93061E26 SepHealthsat93061D26 SepItamsat93061C26 SepEyesat93061B26 SepStella93061A26 SepSpot 3i Pq~qSYT,x,xd竉 KUΛ,x|W4s k6F݉7,x93____20 SepIRS 1E93060A17 SepCosmos 226493059A16 SepCosmos 226393058C13 SepSpas 393058B12 SepACTS93058A12 SepSTS 5193057A07 SepCosmos 226293056A03 SepUHF 293055C31 AugTemisat93055A31 AugMeteor 2-2193054A30 AugGPS BIIA-2293053A24 AugResurs F1993052A10 AugProgress M-1993051A10 AugCosmos 2261n Pq~qS[ {~Y$W~G@cc͉,xceMh,xg,x76F݉8 793050A09 AugNOAA 1393049A04 AugMolniya 3-4593____02 AugNOSS 1493048B22 JulInsat 2B93048A22 JulHispasat 1B93047A22 JulCosmos 226093046A19 JulDSCS 3-0793045A14 JulCosmos 225993044A07 JulCosmos 225893043A01 JulSoyuz TM-1793042B26 JunPMG93042A26 JunGPS BIIA-2193041A25 JunRadcal93040A25 JunResurs F18( Pq~qS:upf,xe,xd,xc,xb,xa,xԛ`,xn>IW7 6F݉93039A25 JunGalaxy 493038F20 JunCosmos 225793038E20 JunCosmos 225693038D20 JunCosmos 225593038C20 JunCosmos 225493038B20 JunCosmos 225393038A20 JunCosmos 225293037A21 JunSTS 5793036A16 JunCosmos 225193____27 MayGorizont #3993035A26 MayMolniya 1-8693034A22 MayProgress M-1893033A21 MayResurs F1793032A13 MayGPS BIIA-20$y, $Pq~qS:(~i,x=,x<,x;,x:,x9,x8,x7,xқb }Y6,x93031B12 MayArsne93031A12 MayAstra 1C93030F11 MayCosmos 225093030E11 MayCosmos 224993030D11 MayCosmos 224893030C11 MayCosmos 224793030B11 MayCosmos 224693030A11 MayCosmos 224593029A28 AprCosmos 224493028A27 AprCosmos 224393027A26 AprSTS 5593026A25 AprAlexis93025A21 AprMolniya 3-4493024A16 AprCosmos 2242vA Pq~qSXDӛ5,x>,x,x,xR5F݉,x|W\g4oމ93023B11 AprSpartan 201-193023A08 AprSTS 5693022A06 AprCosmos 224193021A02 AprCosmos 224093020A01 AprCosmos 223993019A31 MarProgress M-1793018A30 MarCosmos 223893017B30 MarSeds 193017A30 MarGPS BIIA-1993016A26 MarCosmos 223793015A25 MarUHF 193014A25 MarStart 193013A25 MarRaduga 2993012A21 FebProgress M-16v,h Pq~qS,x,x ,xIW9_P ,x5F݉ ,x ,xOMћIW93011A20 FebAstro D93010C17 FebCosmos 223693010B17 FebCosmos 223593010A17 FebCosmos 223493009B09 FebSCD 193009A09 FebOrbcomm XP 193008A09 FebCosmos 223393007A03 FebGPS BIIA-1893006A26 JanCosmos 223293005A24 JanSoyuz TM-1693004A19 JaAhnCosmos 223193003B13 JanTDRS 693003A13 JanSTS 5493002A13 JanMolniya 1-85SA5 :<Pq~qS,x93001A12 JanCosmos 2230+h$ 1992$  )Pq~qS_5F݉+x+xb뉂ЛO҉#o92095A29 DecCosmos 2229 (bion 10)92094A25 DecCosmos 222892093A25 DecCosmos 222792092A22 DecCosmos 222692091A22 DecCosmos 222592090A21 DecOptus B292089A18 DecGPS BIIA-1792088A17 DecCosmos 222492087A09 DecCosmos 222392086B02 DecUSA 08992086A02 DecSTS 5392085A02 DecMolniya 3-92084A01 DecSuperbird A292083A28 NovKH 12-292082A27 NovGorizont 27#- Pq~qS+x+x5F݉x+x+x㹾dɉ=upySϛ92081A25 NovCosmos 222292080A24 NovCosmos 222192079A23 NovGPS BIIA-1692078A21 NovMSTI 186017GX20 NovMak 292077A20 NovCosmos 222092076A17 NovCosmos 221992075A15 NovResurs 50092074A30 OctEkran 2092073A29 OctCosmos 221892072A28 OctGalaxy 792071A27 OctProgress M-1592070C31 OctCTA92070B23 OctLageos 292070A22 OctSTS 52 L Ѐ=Pq~qS{Y̗>T&v&1T㩛s-92069A21 OctCosmos 221792068F20 OctCosmos 221692068E20 OctCosmos 221592068D20 OctCosmos 221492068C20 OctCosmos 221392068B20 OctCosmos 221292068A20 OctCosmos 221192067A14 OctMolniya 3-4292066A12 OctDFS 392065A08 OctFoton92064B06 OctDong Fang Hong 3692064A06 OctFreja92063A25 SepMars Observer92062A22 SepCosmos 221092061A12 SepSTS 4792060B10 SepSatcom C31-}  +Pq~qSc͉?-x5F݉t--7_>`Uue&v&92060A10 SepHispasat 1A92059A10 SepCosmos 220992058A09 SepGPS BIIA-1592057A31 AugSatcom C492____22 AugGalaxy 1R failure92056D19 AugPion 292056C19 AugPion 192056A19 AugResurs F1692055A15 AugProgress M-1492054A13 AugOptus B192053A12 AugCosmos 220892052C10 AugS80T92052B10 AugKitsat A92052A10 AugTopex Poseidon92051A09 AugDong Fang Hong 35#L  ܀9Pq~qSI㨛<-x;-x:-x؉#o92050A06 AugMolniya 1-92049B31 JulEureca 192049A31 JulSTS 4692048A30 JulCosmos 220792047C29 JulCosmos 220692047B29 JulCosmos 220592047A29 JulCosmos 220492046A27 JulSoyuz TM-1592045A24 JulCosmos 220392044B24 JulDUVE92044A24 JulGeotail92043A14 JulGorizont 2692042F13 JulCosmos 220292042E13 JulCosmos 220192042D13 JulCosmos 220092042C13 JulCosmos 2199}   Pq~qSG@c5F݉~稉ceMכ7ƉN}PU92042B13 JulCosmos 219892042A13 JulCosmos 229792041B09 JulEutelsat 2F492041A09 JulInsat 2A92040A08 JulCosmos 219692039A07 JulGPS BIIA-1492038A03 JulSampex92037A02 JulDSCS 3-0692036A01 JulCosmos 219592035A30 JunProgress M-1392034A25 JunSTS 5092033A23 JunResurs F1592032A09 JunIntelsat K92031A07 JunEUVE92030H02 JunCosmos 2194"  ЀCPq~qS㇊D􉂃5:9㫛7Z뉂jG92030G02 JunCosmos 219392030F02 JunCosmos 219292030E02 JunCosmos 219192030D02 JunCosmos 219092030C02 JunCosmos 218992030B02 JunCosmos 218892030A02 JunCosmos 218792029A28 MayCosmos 218692028A20 MaySross 392027A14 MayPalapa B492026A07 MaySTS 4992025A29 AprCosmos 218592024A29 AprResurs F1492023A25 AprUSA 08192022A19 AprProgress M-1292021B15 AprInmarsat 2F4 A Pq~qSA9e5F݉#o㧛;up6鉂O5F݉92021A15 AprTelecom 2B92020A15 AprCosmos 218492019A10 AprGPS BIIA-1392018A08 AprCosmos 218392017A02 AprGorizont 2592016A01 AprCosmos 218292015A24 AprSTS 4592014A17 MarSoyuz TM-1492013A14 MarGalaxy 592012A09 MarCosmos 218192011A04 MarMolniya 1-92010B26 FebArabsat 1C92010A26 FebSuperbird B192009A23 FebGPS BIIA-1292008A17 FebCosmos 2180xsCp Pq~qSZceM%x%x%x㤛92007A11 FebJERS 192006A10 FebDSCS 3-0592____05 FebCosmos FTO92005C29 JanCosmos 217992005B29 JanCosmos 217892005A29 JanCosmos 217792004A25 JanProgress M-1192003A24 JanCosmos 217692002A22 JanSTS 4292001A21 JanCosmos 21754AC1 CCTSE@ sCC5 :NJ"  TSE/CwEa _㔗Xx Ƞ$2c%鉂 ЩecThe Satellite Encyclopedia is copyrighted by Tag's Broadcasting Services, all rights reserved, 1993-1998.Section en franaisAlso to be read:License Agreement - Order formsBibliography referenceAcknowledgmentVersionsCompatible softwareHelp: how to use this encyclopedia?I"CE' DO Philosophy of this encyclopedia*wEH8 >㭄؉ This satellite encyclopedia is aimed to gather knowlegde into a single easy to use document. Contributions are welcome... You may even become a coauthor of TSE like Jean-Jacques Serra who manages the launch vehicle section! This encyclopedia is published every 3/4 months. Therefore this software is not a final version!If you are any kind of satellite specialist, satellite operator or constructor, or a space organization we would be very glad to get in touch with you. If for some reason you feel we are not treating your organization's satellites correctly, understand we only work with data we have! Operators are encouraged to send their Technical User Guide and other technical documentations, including preliminary data when available.EI, &Ƞ$If you are the author of a satellite related book or software, or if your organization publishes a magazine or newsletter related to space or satellite, see our special offer in the license agreement.7HJ'  O The fair play I(L2 2  This encyclopedia is shareware: you can use it on a trial basis during SEVEN days; after this delay you should either register or delete it. The shareware version is size-limited to fit on a 3.5" floppy. Thus numerous EIRP maps are not included so as Russian programs. That's why you get an error when clicking on those items.If you use The Satellite Encyclopedia after 7 days of trial or for commercial purposes, you MUST register. The registered version includes:&JNL# U"(LL3#6D3U the full 15 MB help file with:DNLL3#6"3U 390 EIRP mapsc0LJM3#6`3U the listing of satellites on the Clarke BeltRLM3#63U the calendar with the future launches and details about the related satellitesKJMN3#603U the Russian programsM- (gȠ$TSE is like a magazine: the shareware version is like the copy of a magazine you read at the bookshop. Buying this copy is like registering a single issue of TSE. Registering TSE with the subscription option gives you 4 full issues (one year) which is similar to subscribing to the bookshop magazine. The latter also opens you access to the online edition! Turn to the licenseagreement for more details.While every precaution has beenNsC taken in the compilation of this data, the publisher assumes no responsability for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Please report any errors or omissions.&N,# K$w' H How to obtain the latest release?~J,4 8 Ƞ$ 1/ By registering: see the licenseagreement2/ By downloading:w1 0+Internet: see the list of ftp sites at http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/ The primary ftp site for TSE is ftp://ftp.TBS-satellite.com/pub/tse/&# 8' " Online support3> JOnline support is available from the internet via our web server at http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/ The online version of TSE is located at http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/online/ Check it out for the latest updates of TSE!You may also subscribe to our mailing lists by email or online. To join the public mailing list, send an email:To: majordomo@tags1.dn.netSubject: noneBody: subscribe tse-pubA development list is also available under the name tse-dev&Y# 1 3' O ContactoBY- *TBSBP 158, 14010 Caen cedex 1, Francetbs@TBS-satellite.comsHl+ & Please mention the version of the encyclopedia you currently use.8' "O Providing data. l҆# We need:. *%鉂Your name or alias (that will be quoted in the aknowledgment section)Your postal address (and electronic if you have any)The information with it's precise origin & dateThe version of the encyclopedia you currently use҆- (Please ensure that we receives press releases from your company by fax or email:fax: +33-1-5301-3114Email: press@TBS-satellite.comBڈ1 ڈ((License AgreementN(5 :4FrÀ"  License Agreementg3ڈ4 8f(B QOrder form without VATOrder form with VAT;(ʉ' (O License AgreementYiF Z     The use of The Satellite Encyclopedia is subject to the following terms and conditions.The Satellite Encyclopedia is copyrighted material. It is protected by the French copyright laws. You may not make any changes or modifications to The Satellite Encyclopedia. You may not decompile, disassemble, or otherwise reverse-engineer the software in any way. No reproduction whatever the method (including internet mirroring).You may use The Satellite Encyclopedia on a trial basis provided you do not violate the protection afforded the licensed software by the copyright laws, and you agree to the terms of the license agreement. You are entitled to evaluate the software freely for SEVEN days. If you use The Satellite Encyclopedia further on or for COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, you must purchase a license for its use. If you don't use it, delete it.Bʉ' 6 How much is a license:mi=% See the order forms above. Registration provides you with a personal most updated version which includes:U"3#6D3U the full 15 MB help file with:D=֎3#6"3U 390 EIRP mapsc093#6`3U the listing of satellites on the Clarke BeltR֎3#63U the calendar with the future launches and details about the related satellitesK93#603U the Russian programsc% Subscriptions (4 issues) are available. A WWW edition is also available, see the prices online.;' ( Special offers:cd)  If you are a firm that publishes an electronic or paper periodical related to satellite (in French or English) you may obtain a free registration and a 1 year update subscription against a free one-year subscription to your publication.If you are the author of a book related to satellite (in French or English) you may obtain a free registration and a 1 year update subscription against a free copy of your book.If you are the author of a shareware related to satellite (in French or English) you may obtain a free registration and a 1 year update subscription against a free license for your shareware.lC) "  Please note we reserve the right to refuse your application.d( qTitle to the licensed software is not transferred to the end user. The end-user is granted an non exclusive license to use the software on one computer or computer workstation at any given time. Moreover he agrees to only copy the software for backup purpose. This also applies for the WWW edition.Tag's Broadcasting Services may include the buyers' name and contact information in The Satellite Encyclopedia's promotional materials.:' & Limited Warrantyiy& While every precaution has been taken in the compilation of this data, the publisher assumes no responsability for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.We shall not be responsible for any problems or damage caused by the licensed software that may result from using the licensed software. This includes, but is not limited to, computer hardware, computer software, operating systems, and any computer or computing accessories. End user agrees not to hold us responsible for any problems arising from the use of the software.!) We shall not in any case be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or other similar damages arising from any breach of these warranties even if we have been advised of the possibility of such damages.In no case shall our liability exceed the license fees paid for the right to use the licensed software.In the event of invalidity of any provision of this license, the parties agree that such invalidity shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this license.&y# nD.* $O The Satellite Encyclopedia's Distribution (Winhelp edition only)t0D Va     The Winhelp edition of The Satellite Encyclopedia must be copied in an unmodified form and must contain all the files required for an automatic installation. No fee, charge or other compensation may be accepted or requested by anyone without our express written permission.Public Domain disk vendors may not charge a fee for The Satellite Encyclopedia itself. However you may include The Satellite Encyclopedia on a diskette or CD-ROM for which you charge a nominal distribution fee. If it is included on a CD-ROM you must send us a free copy of this CD-ROM. The purchaser of said media must be informed in advance that the fee paid to acquire the media does not relieve said purchaser from paying the registration fee for The Satellite Encyclopedia if said purchaser uses The Satellite Encyclopedia. .e7 <   Operators of electronic Bulletin Board Systems (sysops) may post The Satellite Encyclopedia for downloading by their users without written permission only as long as the above conditions are met. A fee may be charged for access to the BBS as long as no specific fee is charged for downloadineg The Satellite Encyclopedia files without first obtaining express written permission from ourselves to charge such a fee. This also goes for Internet and Compuserve; other online services must apply for authorization. As far as the French Minitel is concerned, operators are NOT allowed to offer downloading of The Satellite Encyclopedia.(+ $1 The above constitutes the license agreement for The Satellite Encyclopedia winhelp edition. It supersedes any and all previous license agreements.; ec1m ! c Order formS(5 :>Ƞ$"  Order form without VATc5 8V0.42.001 Name: ______________________________________________________ [Company]: ______________________________________________________ Address: ______________________________________________________ City: ____________________________ Postal Code: ____________ Country: ____________________________ [State]: ________________ Phone: ________________________ Fax: ________________________ Email: ______________________________________________________'1 0Current Winhelp issue: with floppiesat FRF 300 each........................................___x 300 ______Current Winhelp issue: ftp download (internet)at FRF 200 each........................................___x 200 ______4 issues (1 year) Winhelp subscription: with floppiesat FRF 1100 each.......................................___x1100 ______4 issues (1 year) Winhelp subscription: ftp download (internet)at FRF 720 each........................................___x 720 ______ < FTOTAL FRF WITHOUT VAT.......................................... ______EU VAT number (if applicable): ________________________________PAYMENT( ) Check (must be drawn on a French bank in FRF, payable to Tag's Broadcasting Services)( ) Credit card (Visa/MasterCard): Number: ________________________________Expiration: __________ Signature: __________________________________________________ Date: ________________________________ 0 .SEND TO: TBS BP 158, 14010 Caen cedex 1, France Fax: +33-1-5301-3114 (if you fax, please write in ALL CAPS) email: tbs@TBS-satellite.comD 6 1D 6  AOrder form with VATP  5 :8Ƞ$"  Order form with VAT36  6 :V0.42.001WARNING: this order form is only applicable if you are in France or in European Union Name: ______________________________________________________ [Company]: ______________________________________________________ Address: ______________________________________________________ City: ____________________________ Postal Code: ____________ Country: ____________________________ [State]: ________________ Phone: ________________________ Fax: ________________________# 2 2 Email: ______________________________________________________Current Winhelp issue: with floppiesat FRF 362 each........................................___x 362 ______Current Winhelp issue: ftp download (internet)at FRF 241 each........................................___x 241 ______4 issues (1 year) Winhelp subscription: with floppiesat FRF 1327 each.......................................___x1327 ______4 issues (1 year) Winhelp subscription: ftp download (internet) @< Fat FRF 868 each........................................___x 868 ______TOTAL FRF (including 20.6% VAT)................................ ______PAYMENT( ) Check (must be drawn on a French bank in FRF, payable to Tag's Broa@ dcasting Services)( ) Credit card (Visa/MasterCard): Number: ________________________________Expiration: __________ Signature: __________________________________________________ Date: ________________________________A0 .SEND TO: TBS BP 158, 14010 Caen cedex 1, France Fax: +33-1-5301-3114 (if you fax, please write in ALL CAPS) email: tbs@TBS-satellite.com= @%B1}!  %BlBďBibliographyGAlB5 :&FrÀ" References/%BB' (BooksN'lBB' N Atlas de gographie de l'Espace (Fr)BC' )Sous la direction de F. Verger, avec Isabelle Sourbs, Raymond Ghirardi et Yvette PalazotSIDES / RECLUS, 1992ISBN 2-86861-080-3 / 2-86912-044-1iBB D' O Encyclopdie Internationale des Sciences et des Techniques (Fr)+C8D$ 1972C D{D' 8O L'escalade du Cosmos (Fr)C8DD% <Patrick MaurelBordas, 1972T-{DE' ZO L'tat des sciences et des techniques (Fr)vPDE& Sous la direction de Nicolas WitkowskiLa dcouverte, 1991ISBN 2-7071-2069-3FEE' >O Fuses et Astronautique (Fr)U0E#F% `Camille Rougeron et Jean BodetLarousse, 1964S,EvF' XO Les fuses et missiles d'aujourd'hui (Fr)#FG' Bill Gunston, translated from The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Rockets & MissilesElsevier, 1979ISBN 2-8003-0351-4FvFdG' >O Grand Atlas de l'Espace (Fr)L'GG% NUniversalis, 1988ISBN 2-85229-910-0M&dGG' LO Le Guide des Lanceurs Spatiaux (Fr)hBGeH& Serguei GrichkovTessier & Ashpool Ltd, 1992ISBN 2-9094-6700-7sLGH' O History of Liquid Rocket Engines - Development in the United States (Eng)pJeHHI& Stephen E. DoyleAmerican Astronautical Society 1992ISBN 0-87703-350-1I"HI' DO L'Homme, l'Air et l'Espace (Fr)yTHI J% Charles Bollfis, Henry Beauboir, Camille Rougerondition de l'illustration, 1965_8IiJ' pO Matra Marconi Space Earth Observation Directory (Eng)6 JJ$ $1993/94 editiona:iJK' tO Matra Marconi Space European Spacecraft Directory (Eng)8J8K$ (3rd edition, 1992^7KK' nO Matra Marconi Space World Spacecraft Directory (Eng)68KK$ $1993/94 editionJ#KL' F Rception TV par satellites (Fr)Z4KpL& hRen BessonDunod, Paris, 1992ISBN 2-10-001462-5BLL' 6O Rockets into Space (Eng)jDpLM& Frank H. WinterHarvard University Press, 1990ISBN 0-674-77660-7DL`M' : La science au prsent (Fr)Y4MM% hEncyclopdia Universalis, 1992ISBN 2-85229-501-6_8`MN' pO Les systmes de tlcommunications par satellite (Fr)oIMN& G. Maral, M. Bousquet, J. ParesMasson, Paris, 1982ISBN 2-225-75284-2R+NN' VO Les trente premires annes du CNES (Fr)|VNUO& Claude Carlier and Marcel GilliLa documentation franaise, 1994ISBN 2-11-003206-5lENO' O L'univers satellite, Guide pratique de la rception satellite (Fr)nHUO;& Edition 91/92Media PresO;Ase Information (MPI), 1991ISBN 2-9505754-0-4nGO' O The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Rockets & Missiles (Eng)kE;& Bill GunstonSalamander Books Ltd, London, 1979ISBN 0-517-26870-1FZ' >O Word Radio TV Handbook (Eng)D% >1993 editionBillboard BooksV/Z' ^O WRTH Satellite Broadcasting Guide 1994 (Eng)X2L& dBart KuperusBillboard BooksISBN 0-8230-5954-5V/' ^O WRTH Satellite Broadcasting Guide 1995 (Eng)X2L& dBart KuperusBillboard BooksISBN 0-8230-5955-3& # ;[' ((OPaper periodicals; ' (O Air & Cosmos (Fr)5[˃$ "ISSN 1240-3113F' >O Arianespace Newsletter (Eng)5˃F$ "ISSN 0984-84527}'  O Infosat (Ger)5F$ "ISSN 0933-6907A}' 4O Megahertz Magazine (Fr)5($ "ISSN 0755-4419Ai' 4O Revue des Tlcoms (Fr)5($ "ISSN 0183-8636?i݅' 0O Satellites Infos (Fr)/  $ ISSN n/a@݅L' 2O Satellites Times (Eng)5 $ "ISSN 1077-2278DLņ' :O Satellite TV Magazine (Fr)5$ "ISSN 0985-1542Aņ;' 4 Sciences et Avenir (Fr)/ j$ ISSN n/a=;' ,O TELE-satellit (Ger)5j܇$ "ISSN 0943-9137=' ,O Tl Satellite (Fr)/ ܇H$ ISSN n/a&n# @H' 2(OElectronic periodicalsG n' @O Jonathan's Space Report (Eng)_5T* $jBy Jonathan McDowell <jmcdowell@cfa.harvard.edu>9' $O MediaScan (Eng)R(T߉* $PFrom Radio Sweden <wood@stab.sr.se>`9?' rO Space news from Aviation Week & Space Technology (Eng)W-߉* $ZBy Henry Spencer <henry@zoo.toronto.edu>??Պ' 0O Space News InNet (Fr)OU1 2By Jean Etienne <etiennj@interpac.be>http://www.sat-net.com/space-news/O(Պ' PO Satellite Journal International (Eng)S)U* $RContact: <71165.2032@compuserve.com>V/M' ^O South Scanner Satellite Services Chart (Eng)T** $TBy Robert Smathers <roberts@nmia.com>>Mߌ' .O Space Calendar (Eng)Y/8* $^By Ron Baalke <baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov>9ߌq' $O SpaceNews (Eng)V,8Ǎ* $XBy John A. Magliacane <kd2bd@amsat.org>Bq ' 6O Spacewarn Bulletin (Eng)~Ǎ1 2From National Space Science Data Center <sardi@nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov>http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacewarn/spacewarn.html= ' ,O SAT News Desk (Eng)S)H* $RBy Peter C. Klanowski <pck@lynet.de>C' 8O TELE-satellite News (Eng)9Hď$ *By Martyn Williams?1O z ZxAcknowlegdmďďentKďZ5 :.FrÀ"  Acknowledgment&0 .9 eIn this section we want to thank all those who collaborated to improve The Satellite Encyclopedia. Please also check the compatible software section.4 ZZ'  Co-authorsV&&0 0L㭄؀>ɉJean-Jacques SerraGunter Krebs8Z' "O Special thanks4# " Curt Swinehart8 T+ $Curt is our information center! When something is going on related to satellite somewhere in the world, he's back with the press releases. Curt also monitors activity on the Internet. He is a vital resource to TSE! You may contact him at cswineha@emerald.tufts.eduD $ @ Tele Satellite InternationaluT9, &A bimonthly satellite magazine edited in Munich, Germany. It consists of 200+ pages, full color with tables, charts and news with many off-screen photos of the satellite channels plus an informative technical section. Simply the best for satellite TV! For further details about Tele Satellite International have a look at their web site: http://www.tele-satellite.com&_#  B9' 6O Data providers - Thanks!_x% eWe used to have here a long list of contributors, but not very accurate, many names were missing. We want to thank every contributor. We will not publish such a list anymore.91 4  VersionsEx5 :"FrÀ"  Versions&# (q#P_  68 VersionRelease dateCommentsZ~o#_240.42.00130 Aug 1998Normal update + Intelsat and other telecom satellites revision,o#X_240.41.00214 Jul 1998minor web update)~o#R_240.41.00106 Jun 1998normal update@`o#_,.0.40.002May 1998First edition of the World Satellite CDW&o#_240.40.00128 Feb 1998New launch vehicle sections, new future satellites/programs9`o#r_240.39.00127 Nov 1997Normal update, more addresses(&eo#P_240.38.00220 Oct 1997minor update@o#_240.38.00128 Aug 1997new addresses section, normal updateyep#_240.37.00129 May 1997global update, more future satellites (especially LEOs & Ka-band)more organization addresses_\s#_240.36.00125 Jan 1997New pricing scheme for both 2 editions: WWW and WinhelpAdded WWW pointers to each satellite programs when available New and updated launcher information Now over 300 footprints (including preliminary data)7o#n_240.35.00131 Aug 1996Important footprint upgrade\xu\v#_2 40.34.00110 Apr 1996First release of TSE Winhelp with TSE Online(http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/online/)WPu#_240.33.00115 Dec 1995Extension of the launcher section and the launch calendar (including details on future satellites)Added numerous EIRP mapsTSE can be called from WinOrbit 2.7 and upper (freeware tracking program)c#̀)_002e։㰭=H0.32.0011 Sep 1995First in History sectionNumerous launch programs added especially AtlasSupport mailing list availableNew EIRP maps=Ps#_020.31.0011 Jun 1995New CDROM distribution policy (compilers must send me a free copy)No Minitel distribution allowedAdded numerous EIRP mapsIntroduced the full International Designator numbersct#_020.30.0011 Mar 1995Included a calendar of future launchesIncluded a list of spacecrafts on the Clarke BeltMaps were redrawn and North-American satellites were addedSTS flights coverage was improvedAdded order forms and credit card registration=o#z_020.22.0011 Dec 1994New license agreement, data updateCqo#_240.21.00120 Sep 1994Fixes numerous typos due to translation2o#d_240.20.00112 Sep 1994Translation in EnglishJqp#_020.10.0011 Sep 1994Thematic index for missionsLast French version q# _020.09.0011 Jul 1994Integrity checking with NASA's catalog numberTechnical data for geostationary telecommunication satellitesI{ o#_020.08.0011 Jun 1994Introduction of NASA's catalog & launch number.  o#\_240.07.00113 Apr 1994First STS missionsB{  p#_020.06.0017 Feb 1994Modification of the mapsBug correctionC | o#_240.05.00117 Jan 1994License agreement, first public release$  " D|  1z  4 DCompatible softwareP 4 5 :8FrÀ"  Compatible software' ['  The Satellite Encyclopedia winhelp edition is compatible with some windows based software. This enables you to call your favorite satellite reference from those fine products with a single keystrike! Here is a list of those products with a description:0 4 '  Logsat[R@1 0This is a shareware tracking program which offer numerous goodies to ease your everyday monitoring. It handles an elements database and cares about the updates. It provides a logbook and a callbook to hold your records. It also provides antenna and propagation utilities.You can get the full information on Logsat from htR@ tp://www.logsat.com or contact Logsat by mail: support@logsat.com3 @'  SatmasterPR@C1 0This is a satellite tool box gathering all you need to install a satellite dish and design a reception station (from personal dish to ground earth station). It can calculate link budgets (analog, digital, SCPC) so as all kind of look angles. Moreover giving parameters of your reception station it will tell you the diameter of the dish you need to get a signal. It is ready to use with a database of towns around the globe.You can get more information from here: http://arrowe.merseyworld.com/ (where a freeware version is available) or contact its author at djsteph@arrowe.u-net.com2 @8C' O WinOrbitCD1 0+This is a program for computing artificial Earth-satellite position and visibility, with the Amateur Radio Satellite operator in mind. Quite simple to use it can operate with several different calculation models. Moreover it is freeware!You can find the full documentation of Winorbit at http://www.sat-net.com/winorbit/ so as download the software. You can contact its author at cgregory@uiuc.eduN8CLE145LEEDMHow to use this encyclopedia?Z%DE5 :LFrÀ"  How to use this encyclopedia?;LEE' (O What's hypertext?nEuG& If you never used a help file before and want to know more about them, press F1Hypertext is a set of electronic textual data that can be read different ways. Data is distributed in items that are not attached like cars of a train but marked with links which enable passage from one another when the user activates them. Links are attached to words or to images.?EG' 0O Using hypertext linksuGI( Hypertext is very useful to enable the reader to define its own way through data.The hypertext sensitive zones are generally in green (it may change) and underlined. You can press CTRL+TAB to see all of them. To active one, just click.For example, on a satellite sheet you may click for data on its country of origin, mission, launch vehicle, etc. You also can access the program it belongs to (if it exists of course) by clicking the upper left icon.J#GI' FO Organization of the encyclopediatNIdK& This encyclopedia is organized around a satellite "dictionary". Satellites are sorted alphabetically by name and gathered by space program when possible. Numerous other themes are available such as the countries of origin, the launch vehicles, missions, etc.The encyclopedia is full of popup windows with technical data and maps.AIK' 4 Search of specific datadKL$ The easiest way to find something is to question the searching tool. If your search is unsuccessful either your keyword is unknown or your question wasn't understood: try to express it differently. You also can browse through indexes.5KL'  Other linksY)LDM0 0R %e&py؉Glossary of termsHelp on printing?LM1MMTSE (franais)@ DMM5 :FrÀ"  TSEg+M*O< FW  )񹉂The Satellite Encyclopedia est sous copyright de Tag's Broadcasting Services, tous droits rservs, 1993-1998.Ce document fut nomm second meilleur shareware franais 1995 catgorie Home and Hobby par Ziff Davis.A lire galement en franais:Licence d'utilisation - Bons de commandeK$MuO' H Philosophie de cette encyclopdie< *O2 2㭄؉ Cette encyclopdie a pour but de rassembler de l'information dans un document simple d'euODMmploi. Les contributions sont bien venues.... Vous pouvez mme devenir un co-auteur de TSE comme Jean-Jacques Serra qui s'occupe de la section des lanceurs! Cette encyclopdie est publie tous les 3/4 mois environ. Ce logiciel n'est donc pas une version finale.Si vous tes un spcialiste du satellite, un oprateur ou un constructeur satellite, une organisation spatiale, nous serons trs heureux d'entrer en contact avec vous. Si pour une raison ou une autre vous pensez que vos satellites ne sont traits correctement, comprenez que nous ne travaillons qu' partir d'information que nous possdons. Si vous voulez amliorer les choses, envoyez nous directement vos informations.uOك, &)񹉂Si vous tes l'auteur d'un livre ou logiciel en rapport avec les satellites ou si votre organisation publie un magazine ou lettre d'information en rapport avec l'Espace et le satellite, consultez notre offre spciale dans la licence.9' $O La rgle du jeu_'كq8 >O   Ce logiciel est en libre essai, c'est un shareware: vous pouvez donc l'essayer gratuitement pendant SEPT jours, ensuite vous devez soit vous enregistrer soit l'effacer. La version shareware est limite pour tenir sur une disquette 3,5". De ce fait de nombreuses cartes PIRE et le programme Cosmos ne sont pas inclus. C'est pourquoi vous verrez des erreurs en activant ces lments.Si vous utilisez The Satellite Encyclopedia aprs la priode d'essai ou des fins commerciales, vous DEVEZ vous enregistrer. La version enregistre comprend:&# V#q3#6Fr Le fichier complet 15 Mo avec:F33#6&r 390 cartes PIREe23#6dr la liste des satellites sur l'orbite de ClarkevC33#6r un calendrier des lancements futurs et des satellites concernsLZ3#62r les programmes Russes^- ()񹉂TSE est comme un magazine: la version shareware est comparable un magazine que vous lisez en kiosque. Achetez ce magazine est comme enregistrer votre version de TSE. Et si vous enregistrez TSE avec l'abonnement vous obtenez 4 numeros de TSE conscutifs... ce qui revient s'abonner un magazine traditionnel. Bref c'est pas sorcier! Reportez vous la licence pour tous les dtails.Bien que toutes les prcautions aient t prises lors de la compilation de ces informations, l'diteur n'est pas responsable des erreurs ou omissions. De mme l'diteur ne peut tre tenu responsable de consquences de l'utilisation des informations contenues dans cette encyclopdie. Merci de nous signaler toute erreur ou omission.&Z# `9^' r Comment vous procurer la dernire version disponible?Nf4 8 )񹉂 1/ En vous enregistrant: voir la licence.2/ En la tlchargeant:41 0;Internet: la liste des sites ftp se trouve http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/ Le site ftp primaire se trouve ftp://ftp.TBS-satellite.com/pub/tse/&fZ# :4' &O Support en ligneZ> JaLe site Internet de TSE est http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/ La version WWW de TSE se trouve a http://www.TBS-satellite.com/tse/online/ Nous avons mis en place un certain nombre de listes de diffusion. Pour vous abonner (gratuitement) a la liste publique envoyez un mail:To: majordomo@tags1.dn.netSubject: noneBody: subscribe tse-pubUne liste consacre au developpement de TSE est disponible sous le nom de tse-dev1 ' O ContactoB.- *TBSBP 158, 14010 Caen cedex 1,.DM Francetbs@TBS-satellite.com~S+ & SVP: prcisez la version de l'encyclopdie dont vous disposez actuellement.L%.' JO Comment apporter des complments?=5# 4Pour cela, fournissez:P( Votre nom et prnom ou pseudo (qui seront cits dans la section des remerciements)Votre adresse postale (et lectronique si vous en avez une)L'information avec sa source et dateLa version de l'encyclopdie dont vous disposez actuellement5- (/Assurez vous que nous recevons les communiqus de presse de votre compagnie par fax ou email:fax: +33-1-5301-3114Email: press@TBS-satellite.comFPZ15 ZaLicence d'utilisationR5 :<FrÀ"  Licence d'utilisationzFZ&4 8Q (BBon de commandeBon de commande (si vous tes hors de France)1 W' O Licencea&F Z     L'utilisation de The Satellite Encyclopedia est soumise aux termes et conditions suivantes:The Satellite Encyclopedia est protge par les lois sur les droits d'auteurs. Vous ne devez faire aucun changement ou modification The Satellite Encyclopedia. Vous ne devez pas la dcompiler, la dsassembler, ou lui appliquer toute autre rtrotechnique. Aucune reproduction autorise (pas de mirroring web).Vous pouvez utiliser The Satellite Encyclopedia pour une priode d'essai condition de ne pas violer la protection que lui procure les lois sur les logiciels, et d'accepter les termes de cette licence. Vous avez le droit d'valuer gratuitement ce logiciel pendant sept jours. Si vous utilisez The Satellite Encyclopedia par la suite ou des FINS COMMERCIALES, vous DEVEZ acqurir une licence d'utilisation. Sinon vous devez effacer le logiciel.G WE' @ Combien cote une licence?r% Voir les bons de commande ci-dessus! L'enregistrement donne droit une version personnelle du logiciel avec:V#E23#6Fr Le fichier complet 15 Mo avec:Fx3#6&r 390 cartes PIREe223#6dr la liste des satellites sur l'orbite de ClarkevCxS3#6r un calendrier des lancements futurs et des satellites concernsL3#62r les programmes RusseskS/% Un abonnement (4 numros) est disponible. Pour les tarifs de l'dition web, voir la page WWW d'accueil.;j' ( Offre spciale:/'  Si vous tes une socit qui publie un priodique papier ou lectronique concernant les satellites (en Franais ou Anglais), vous pouvez obtenir gratuitement une licence d'utilisation avec mise jour pendant un an contre un abonnement gratuit d'un an votre publication.Si vous tes l'auteur d'un livre concernant les satellites (en Franais ou Anglais), vous pouvez obtenir gratuitement une licence d'utilisation avec mise jour pendant 1 an contre un exemplaire gratuit de votre livre.T)j+ $S Si vous tes l'auteur d'un shareware concernant les satellites (en Franais ou Anglais), vous pouvez obtenir gratuitement une licence d'utilisation avec mise jour pendant 1 an contre une licence d'utilisation gratuite de votre shareware.Votre demande peut tre refuse sans justification.$' L'utilisateur final ne se voit pas accorder le titre de proprit du logiciel sous licence. On lui fournit une licence non-exclusive pour utiliser, tous moments, le logiciel sur un unique ordinateur ou station de travail. De plus, il s'engage ne dupliquer ce logiciel que pour en faire une sauvegarde. Ceci s'applique galement l'dition web.Tag's Broadcasting Services peut inclure le nom et les informations de contact de l'acheteur dans les supports promotionnels de The Satellite Encyclopedia.&*# 2 \'  Garantie*r& Bien que toutes les prcautions aient t prises lors de la compilation de ces informations, l'diteur n'est pas responsable des erreurs ou omissions. De mme l'diteur ne peut tre tenu responsable de consquences de l'utilisation des informations contenues dans cette encyclopdie.Nous ne garantissons pas que le logiciel sous licence rpondra vos attentes ou que le logiciel comme les informations seront sans erreurs. La garantie ne couvre aucune copie du logiciel altre ou modifie.}\' Nous ne sommes pas responsable des problmes ou dommages causs par le logiciel sous licence qui pourrait rsulter de son utilisation. Ceci comprend, mais ne se limite pas au matriel informatique, logiciel informatique, systme d'exploitation, et autre accessoire informatique. L'utilisateur final s'engage me reconnatre irresponsable de problmes dus l'utilisation du logiciel.Nous ne serons en aucun cas tenu des dommages-intrts particuliers, accidentels, consquents, indirects ou similaires provenant d'une quelconque rupture de ces garanties mme si nous avons t prvenus de la possibilit de tels dommages-intrts.vNr( Notre responsabilit ne pourra en aucun cas excder le montant de la licence paye en contre partie de l'utilisation du logiciel sous licence.Dans le cas o quelque disposition de cette licence serait invalide, les parties s'accordent que cette invalidit n'affectera pas la validit du reste des dispositions de cette licence.xK- *O  Distribution de The Satellite Encyclopedia (dition Winhelp seulement)m > J    La version Winhelp The Satellite Encyclopedia doit tre copie sans modifications et doit contenir tous les fichiers ncessaires son installation automatique. Aucune taxe, frais ou autre compensation ne doit tre accepte ou demande par personne sans notre accord crit exprs.Les vendeurs de disques du Domaine Public ne peuvent pas facturer une taxe pour The Satellite Encyclopedia en elle-mme. Toutefois, vous pouvez inclure The Satellite Encyclopedia sur une disquette ou CD-ROM pour laquelle vous facturez un montant nominal de distribution. Si vous diffuser ce shareware sur un CD-ROM vous devez m'en envoyer une copie gratuitement. L'acqureur du dit support doit tre inform l'avance que la somme verse pour obtenir le support ne relve pas ledit acqureur de payer les droits d'utilisation de The Satellite Encyclopedia si l'utilisateur l'utilise.= H    Les oprateurs des serveurs et BBS (les sysops) peuvent mettre The Satellite Encyclopedia la disposition de leurs utilisateurs sans permission crite tant qu'ils respectent les conditions ci-dessus. Une redevance peut tre perue pour accder au systme mais aucune taxe spcifique ne peut tre facture pour le tlchargement des fichiers de The Satellite Encyclopedia sans l'obtention pralable de notre accord crit exprs pour facturer une telle somme. Ceci s'applique galement Internet et Compuserve; les autres systmes en ligne doivent demander une autorisation. En ce qui concerne le Minitel, les fournisseurs de service NE sont PAS autoriss mettre The Satellite Encyclopedia en ligne. a+ $ Ce qui prcde constitue la licence de The Satellite Encyclopedia. Elle annule et remplace toutes les versions antrieures.C1G @DJean-Jacques SerraOa @5 :6%"  Jean-Jacques SERRA @aLXB4 61 Contact: JJ.Serra@wanadoo.frJean-Jacques Serra is a 43 years old French citizen. He devotes most of his free time to astronautics since the age of 17. He is responsible of the launch vehicle section.He lives in eastern part of the Pyrenees mountains, a region famous for its solar ovens. He carries out research on new materials especially those aimed to extrem temperatures.Reading of articles and information sorting relative to rockets and satellites consume most of his hobby time. He also enjoys his natural environment.Z/ @D+ $_ J'ai 43 ans et je m'intresse l'astronautique et son histoire depuis l'age de 17 ans. Je vis l'est des Pyrnes, dans une rgion o se trouve la plus grande concentration de fours solaires. J'y fais de la recherche sur les matriaux nouveaux et plus particulirement ceux qui sont exposs des tempratures extrmes.La lecture d'articles, le classement d'informations sur les fuses et les satellites occupent une grande partie de mes loisirs. Pour le reste, je profite de mon environnement, la dcouverte de la montagne est un sujet inpuisable.= XBD1 $D8EFGunter KrebsID8E5 :*%"  Gunter KrebsDE$ /Gunter is very busy writing his diploma thesis, so he had no time to prepare his presentation. His "biography" will be included in the next release.<8E/F' *O External resourcesjEF1 2Email: gk@smoky.ikf.physik.uni-frankfurt.dehttp://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~gkrebs/space/space.htmlD/FG1GcG`Countries of originU FcG5 :B?˝Ā" States and OrganizationsI"GG' D Statistics (as of mid-Aug 1998)GcGlHy#€kj  0 D CountrySatelliteDebrisTotal(including non Earth orbit)y GHo#kj lHrIu#0kj"㉕U$*Argentina505H J#Ҁ2kj" &,Australia819rIJ#Ҁ,kj"7 &Brazil707 J  &,Luxemburg707r#ހ4kj(- (.Malaysia202 D#Ҁ,kj" &Mexico505#ހ0kj($*Norway202D#ހ:kj(k8{$&.4Philippines202 #Ҁ0kj"ހ$*Portugal101#Ҁ*kj"qǹ$Spain505 M#Ҁ,kj"ˆt &Sweden606#Ҁ0kj")`$*Thailand404M#ހ0kj(.$*Turkey202 &#Ҁ@kj"R׀(*28United Kingdom16117%̋#ҀJkj"㹌ל&(2>United States79632224059 &R{#ƀkj ̋#Ҁ6kj" ?I*"$*0Arab States505R#Ҁ6kj"4"",Europe23202227Eb#kjF<RH(㐮):CIxrt|International (Eutelsat, Inmarsat & Intelsat)77077#Ҁ(kj"ķ+€"NATO808 b}{#ƀkj #<#Fkj  & 6}<F Total251861878800$}`" 1<1zA`) "0N Countries of origin3 '  Countrieso>#JIMM㉕U7Q_txW w6"6"p$ 㱭+ &‰b#ΝExEb;XJL> -㬹.鉂'ݓk8{މqn͉ˆt)`.eCR׉㹌לArgentinaAustraliaBrazilBulgariaCanadaCISChileChinaCzechoslovakiaEgyptFranceGermanyHong KongIndiaIndonesiaIsraelItalyJapanKorea (South)LuxemburgMalaysiaMexicoNetherlandsNorwayPakistanPhilippinesPortugalSpainSwedenThailandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited States&# 7'   Organizations9l#rIMM0 ?I*4"*><ķ+‰nArab StatesEurope (ESA)InternationalNATO&# : 1rZArgentinaFZ5 :$?˝Ā" ArgentinaB# >CONAE is the national agency<Z' *O External resourcesC' 8http://www.conae.gov.ar/<W' *O Satellite launched+$ 19905 W* $ ULusat+$ 1996F(2 4(oK&V˓FWMusatSAC B+S$ 19979(* $S_ENahuel 1A6S'  Main program4 ) ""%ǀNahuel: 01J0vAustraliaFv5 :$?˝Ā" Australia0#& DAustralia owns an old launch site (Woomera) from which it's first satellite was launched. Has created a space comity on 21 Sep 1986.=v`' ,O Satellites launched+#$ 19676 `* $caωWresat+$ 19708$* $쉂Oscar 05+O$ 1985L$2 44__Optus A1Optus A2+O$ 19878* $_Optus A3+)$ 19928a* $_Optus B1+)$ 19948a* $_Optus B3+$ 19987 &* $NfWestpac6\'  Main program3 &) "Optus7\1   BrazilC 5 :?˝Ā" Brazil2 2-D \The national space research center INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacias) was created on 3 Aug 1961. Brazil has a launch program: VLS.<  ' *O External resources>K' .http://www.inpe.br/= ' ,O Satellites launched+K$ 1985F* $8bBrasilsat A1 (SBTS A1)+$$ 1986Fj* $8bBrasilsat A2 (SBTS A2)+$$ 19904 j* $eOUDove+ $ 1993 5 A * $IWSCD 1+ l $ 1994FA * $8"cBrasilsat B1 (SBTS B1)+l $ 1995F # * $8#cBrasilsat B2 (SBTS B2)+ N $ 1998<#  * $$$cBrasilsat B36N  '  Main program7  ) "CDBrasilsat9 0 1]0 u  BulgariaE u 5 :"?˝Ā" BulgariaV0  1 2D o7U=Bulgaria launched a satellite with the help of the CIS. Member of Intersputnik.<u 8 ' *O Satellite launched+ c $ 1981>8  * $(bԉIntercosmos 227c  1    CanadaC  5 :?˝Ā" CanadaC ^ . *+D4"The Canadian Space Agency was created on 1 Mar 1989.Canada is an associate member of ESA since 1978. This means that Canada does not have the same rights and obligations as a full member. For instance, Canada is not participating in the Scientific Program or in the Technological Research Programme of ESA. Both these programs are part of the mandatory activities which are financed by the full members pro rata of their gross national product (GNP).Canada was the first country to develop a national telecommunication system.<  ' *O External resourcesB^  ' 6http://www.space.gc.ca/=  ' ,O Satellites launched+ D $ 1962: ~ * $ H6Alouette 1+D  $ 1965:~  * $ I6Alouette 2+  $ 19696  D * $TIsis 1+ o $ 19716 D  * $TIsis 2+o  $ 1972C  * $2?QQAnik A1 (Telesat 1)+ > $ 1973C * $2@QQAnik A2 (Telesat 2)+> $ 1975C * $2AQQAnik A3 (Telesat 3)+  $ 19763 M * $SCTS+ x $ 1978CM * $2jQQAnik B1 (Telesat 4)+x $ 1982b0 H 2 4`QQQQAnik D1 (Telesat 5)Anik C3 (Telesat 6)+ s $ 1983CH * $2QQAnik C2 (Telesat 7)+s $ 1984C $ * $2QQAnik D2 (Telesat 8)+ O $ 1985C$ * $2QQAnik C1 (Telesat 9)+O $ 1991d2 ! 2 4dQQQQAnik E2 (Telesat 10)Anik E1 (Telesat 11)+ L $ 19923 !  * $ySCTA+L $ 19958 * $gTRadarsat+  $ 19966 C * $LwMSAT 17  z '   Main programsRC  7 >6"֋AlouetteAnikIsis6z  1a D @ ChileB  D 5 :?˝Ā" Chile( l % D=D  ' ,O Satellites launched+l  $ 1995: @ * $ 3д% @  Fasat Alfa+ E@ $ 1998;@ @ * $"=JUFasat Bravo6E@ @ 1@ @ Y ChinaB @ @ 5 :?˝Ā" China@ B & -DIn 1958 Mao tze-tung decided to launch a program named "mission 581" directed by Quian Xue-sen. The first Chinese rocket was launched in 1960 (so as the first missile). When the CIS stopped helping China the spatial program changed drastically. Two organizations were created (in Shangai and Beijin) that managed to launch their first satellite. Since 1986 China offers launch services to foreign firms.=@ B ' ,O Satellites launched+B C $ 1970IB eC * $>!(v&Dong Fang Hong 01 (Mao 1)+C C $ 1971IeC C * $>"(v&Dong Fang Hong 02 (Mao 2)+C D $ 1975YC D : D#(v&$(v&%(v&Dong Fang Hong 03 (Mao 3)Dong Fang Hong 04 (Mao 4)Dong Fang Hong 05 (Mao 5)+D D $ 1976n<D 0E 2 4x&(v&'(v&Dong Fang Hong 06 (Mao 6)Dong Fang Hong 07 (Mao 7)+D [E $ 1978I0E E * $>((v&Dong Fang Hong 08 (Mao 8)+[E E $ 1981{AE JF : D)(v&&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 09Dong Fang Hong 10Dong Fang Hong 11+E uF $ 1982AJF F * $.&v&Dong Fang Hong 12+uF F $ 1983AF "G * $.&v&Dong Fang Hong 13+F MG $ 1984J"G G : D&v&&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 14Dong Fang Hong 15 (STTW 0)Dong Fang Hong 16+MG G $ 1985AG =H * $.&v&Dong Fang Hong 17+G hH $ 1986g5=H H 2 4j&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 18 (STTW 1)Dong Fang Hong 19+hH H $ 1987^,H XI 2 4X&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 20Dong Fang Hong 21+H I $ 1988~XI CJ B T&v&&v&&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 22 (Chinasat 1)Dong Fang Hong 23Dong Fang Hong 24(Feng Yun 1-1)Dong Fang Hong 25 (Chinasat 2)+I nJ $ 1990CJ ]K K dI&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 26 (Chinasat 3)Dong Fang Hong 30(Feng Yun 1-2)Dong Fang Hong 31 (Atmosphere 1)Dong Fang Hong 32 (Atmosphere 2)Dong Fang Hong 33+nJ K $ 1991N$]K K * $H&v&Dong Fang Hong 34 (Chinasat 4)+K L $ 1992^,K _L 2 4X&v&&v&Dong Fang Hong 35Dong Fang Hong 36+L L $ 1993O%_L L * $J&v&Dong Fang Hong 37 (Jianbing 93)+L M $ 1994xL M B T&v&&v&('v&'v&Dong Fang Hong 38 (Shijian 4)Dong Fang Hong 39 (Shijian 4-2)Dong Fang Hong 40 (FSW 2)Dong Fang Hong 41+M M $ 1996uCM ^N 2 4 'v&!'v&Dong Fang Hong 42 (Chinasat 7)Dong Fang Hong 43 (FSW 2-3)+M N $ 1997sA^N N 2 4"'v&#'v&Dong Fang Hong 44 (Chinasat 6)Dong Fang Hong 45 (FY 2B)+N 'O $ 1998;N bO * $"j)ቂChinastar 17'O O '   Main programs<bO O ) "&mSDong Fang Hong3 O  '  LauO  @ nchersEO Y ) "89+SChinese launch vehicles4 1 ̀ : CIS@ Y ̀ 5 :?˝Ā" CIS7  ' !DFor the moment, we name the Russian Federation and the Community of Independant States CIS. All launches by the former USSR are considered as Russian launches. Sorry for this simplification.CIS has a very complex space organization that we can't simply summarize here.<̀ @ ' *O External resourcesN' ' Nhttp://arc.iki.rssi.ru/Welcome.html7@ ł '   Main programs ń %qi~񢝉L݉/{~wGܝ!&!ְM"ᇏ3xAjQv.<:뉢㼨ԟl?Ձ+܉ -ꉂY뉂d퉂xZUx< 剂BionCosmosEkranElektronEorsatExpressFotonGalsGeizerGeo-IKGlonassGonetsGorizontIntercosmosLuchMeteorMolniyaNadezhdaOceanParusPrognozProtonRadugaResursRorsatSputnikStatsionarStrelaTsikada3 ł '  LaunchersBń : 0 0$mKaKRokotStart? y 13y ą  CzechoslovakiaK: ą 5 :.?˝Ā" Czech Republicy  3 4D o7U=Formerly called Czechoslovakia, before the country splitted.Developed a scientific program with the CIS. Member of Intersputnik.=ą ' ,O Satellites launchedjG & # Two of these satellites are not officially registered by the country+ Q $ 19788& * $L$Magion 1+Q $ 19898 * $M$Magion 2+  $ 19918 O * $N$Magion 3+ z $ 19958O * $O$Magion 4+z ݈ $ 19968  * $P$Magion 56݈ K '  Main program4   ) "$aMagion6K 18 EgyptB  5 :?˝Ā" Egyptd? [ % ~DFormerly called Czechoslovakia, before the country splitted.= ' ,O Satellites launched+[ Ê $ 1998; * $"WNilesat 1017Ê 5 1 3O5 x N FranceC x 5 :?˝Ā" France5 f D VUD  4"4"4"The French space agency CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) was created on 19 Dec 1961. France has been part of ESRO and ELDO. Now it is member of ESA.<x ' *O External resources>f ' .http://www.cnes.fr/=  ' ,O Satellites launched+ H $ 1965L 2 44;SQUAstrix (A1)FR 1+H $ 1966> * $(QSDiapason (D1A)+ ( $ 1967Z( 2 4P㦼㧼Diadme 1 (D1C)Diadme 2 (D1D)+( $ 1970= , ("8GVMikaPole+  $ 1971d* y : DT<JPPU2y`Tournesol (D2A)EoleAurole 1+ $ 19726 y ڏ * $ITSret 1+  $ 1ڏ  9739ڏ J * $3y`Aurole 2+ u $ 1974;J * $"?a׉Symphonie 1+u $ 1975V R t?1qw )JT@a׉RKUStarlettePollux (D5A)Castor (D5B)Sret 2Symphonie 2Aura (D2B)+ $ 19777 * $o5Signe 3+  $ 19819 I * $4y`Aurole 3+ t $ 1984:I * $  eTelecom 1A+t $ 1985:  * $ eTelecom 1B+ > $ 19866  t * $㥇Spot 1+> $ 1988Kt 2 42ew~WTelecom 1CTDF 1+  $ 1990G \ 2 4*㦇w~WSpot 2TDF 2+ $ 1991J\ 2 404`U8eSaraTelecom 2A+ $ 1992J F 2 409e>`UTelecom 2BS80T+ q $ 1993Z F : D@:㧇xټArsneSpot 3Stella+q $ 1995a' W : DNh휭fN:eHelios 1ACeriseTelecom 2C+ $ 1996:W * $ ;eTelecom 2D+ $ 19986  * $㨇Spot 47 T '   Main programs? S v~qehۢ&SkAuroleHeliosSpotSretSymphonieTDFTelecom3 T  '  Launchers5 N ) "ÀDiamant8 1~   GermanyDN 5 : ?˝Ā" GermanyE f W |D 4"4"4"4"  o7U=In the 30ies, a space organization (Verein fr Raumschiffahrt, society for space travel) was created with members as famous as Wernher von Braun and H. Oberth. In 1931 they managed to launch a rocket with liquid ergols. During the second world war Germany developed the V2 missile. In 1962 Germany started cooperating with European countries when the COPERS was created.Germany has been part of ESRO and ELDO. It is now member of ESA. Has created in July 1989 a federal space agency: DARA (Deutsche Agentur fr RaumfahrtAngelegenheiten). Member of Intersputnik.< ' *O External resources=f ' ,http://www.dlr.de/=  ' ,O Satellites launched+ G $ 1969< * $$KUAzur (GRS A)+G $ 19709 * $&>Dial-Wika+  $ 1972? Q * $*kAeros 1 (GRS B)+ | $ 1974NQ 2 48l?a׉Aeros 2Symphonie 1+| $ 1975; 0 * $"@a׉Symphonie 2+ [ $ 1983J0 2 40u쉂b竉Oscar 10Spas 1+[ $ 19849 * $=AMPTE IRM+ 4 $ 19877 k * $mԐTvsat 1+4 $ 1989Hk 2 4,ʗ>TmԐDFS 1Tvsat 2+  $   N 1990F [ 2 4(r#W˗>TRosatDFS 2+ $ 19918[ * $ITubsat A+ $ 19925  * $̗>TDFS 3+ I $ 1993;  * $"d竉Orfeus-Spas+I  $ 1994O  2 4:Ie竉Tubsat BCrista-Spas+ ) $ 19955  ^ * $lJTGFZ 1+)  $ 19979^  * $MEquator S+  $ 1998h( U @ PPI [LYl]Tubsat NTubsat N1Safir 27  '   Main programs@U  L h˜0`pۢ&mѾAerosDFS KopernikusSafirSymphonieTubsatTvsat:  R 1O!R  X Hong KongF  5 :$?˝Ā" Hong Kong=R  ' ,O Satellites launched+  $ 19909 9 * $kAsiasat 1+ d $ 199489  * $b Apstar 1+d  $ 19959  * $kAsiasat 2+ + $ 19969 d * $i"鉂Apstar 1A++  $ 1997Nd  2 48"鉂kApstar 2RAsiasat 36  '  Main programE X 0 0*ttXX%ApstarAsiasat6  1S 8"  @ IndiaB X  5 :?˝Ā" India  D VD  #ZXgF}(Indian space agency is the ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) created in 1969. A Ministry of Space was created in 1972 and India has its own launch vehicles. ISRO has a commercial arm named Antrix.= * ' ,O Satellites launched+ U $ 19759* * $GAryabhata+U $ 1979: * $ e艂Bhaskara 1+  $ 1980A _ * $.~OaRohini 1B (RS E2)+ $ 1981g-_ : DZEc&Se艂Rohini 2 (RS D1)AppleBhaskara 2+  $ 19828 T * $sG@cInsat 1A+  $ 1983T"T 2 4DFtG@cRohini 3 (RS D2)Insat 1B+ $ 1988J H 2 40YTuG@cIRS 1AInsat 1C+ s $ 19908H * $vG@cInsat 1D+s $ 19916 * $YTIRS 1B+ 7 $ 1992K 2 42㇊D􉂃G@cSross 3Insat 2A+7 $ 19938 * $G@cInsat 2B+  $ 1994J Z 2 40_G_TSross C2IRS P2+  $ 1995JZ  2 40YTG@cIRS 1CInsat 2C+  $ 19966  0 * $_TIRS P3+ [ $ 1997J0  2 40G@cYTInsat 2DIRS 1D7[  '   Main programsq, Y@ E ZXc Y@ X :Gw㿓S㐋 퉂㑲BhaskaraInsatIRSRohiniSross3  @ '  LaunchersU,Y@ @ ) "X#ISRO launch vehicles(SLV 3, ASLV, PSLV): @ A 1<#A aA BE IndonesiaF@ aA 5 :$?˝Ā" Indonesia=A A ' ,O Satellites launched+aA A $ 19769A B * $:9Palapa A1+A -B $ 19779B fB * $:9Palapa A2+-B B $ 19839fB B * $2:9Palapa B1+B B $ 1987:B /C * $ 有Palapa B2P+B ZC $ 1990:/C C * $ 有Palapa B2R+ZC C $ 19929C C * $5:9Palapa B4+C #D $ 1996NC qD 2 48]:9^:9Palapa C1Palapa C2+#D D $ 1997<qD D * $$L M@Cakrawarta 16D E '  Main program4 D BE ) ">؀Palapa7E yE 18$yE E H IsraelCBE E 5 :?˝Ā" IsraelL'yE F % NDIsrael has a space agency since 1983=E EF ' ,O Satellites launched+F pF $ 19887 EF F * $fOffek 1+pF F $ 19907 F G * $fOffek 2+F 4G $ 19957 G kG * $fOffek 3+4G G $ 19966 kG G * $3 Amos 1+G G $ 19989G 0H * $ ډTechsat 26G fH '  Main program3 0H H ) "5Offek6fH H 1%<'%H I O ItalyB H I 5 :?˝Ā" ItalyH J 8 >yD4"  Italy is part of ESA and has created a space agency on 8 Jun 1988: ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italania). Italy owns a little launch site in the Indian ocean (San Marco and Santa Rita).<I AJ ' *O External resources<J }J ' *http://www.asi.it=AJ J ' ,O Satellites launched+}J J $ 1964;J K * $"7San Marco 1+J KK $ 1967; K K * $"7San Marco 2+KK K $ 1971;K K * $"7San Marco 3+K L $ 1974;K RL * $"7San Marco 4+L }L $ 19777 RL L * $cBSirio 1+}L L $ 1988;L M * $"7San Marco 5+L EM $ 19919M ~M * $oGItalsat 1+EM M $ 1993J~M M 2 40K4ItamsatTemisat+M N $ 1996YM wN : D>>WoGTTS 2SAXItalsat 27N N '   Main programsW wN O 7 >@vrJj_zItalsatSan MarcoSirio6N ;O 1 &;O }O < JapanB O }O 5 :?˝Ā" Japan;O e > J=D    Japan has an important space program conducted by NASDA (National}O e O Space Development Agency) and ISAS (Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science).<}O ' *O External resourcesb4e  . ,hhttp://www.nasda.go.jp/http://www.isas.ac.jp/= @ ' ,O Satellites launched+ k $ 19706 @ * $~gOOhsumi+k ́ $ 1971K  2 42oCeTansei 1Shinsei+́ B $ 19725  w * $[@=TDenpa+B $ 19748w ڂ * $oCTansei 2+  $ 1975Oڂ T 2 4:zWㅾTTaiyoKiku 1 (ETS 1)+  $ 1976=T * $&rWUme 1 (ISS 1)+ $ 1977J s B ToCㆾTT*߉Tansei 3Kiku 2 (ETS 2)Himawari 1 (GMS 1)Sakura 1 (CS 1A)+ $ 1978Js * B Tq2sW·ቂq2Kyokko (Exos A)Ume 2 (ISS 2)Yuri 1 (BSE)Jikiken (Exos B)+ U $ 1979\** 2 4T~NAyame 1 (ECS 1)Hakucho (Corsa B)+U ܅ $ 1980S! / 2 4BoCTansei 4Ayame 2 (ECS 2)+܅ Z $ 1981z@/ Ԇ : D㈾TTKiku 3 (ETS 4)Hinotori (Astro A)Himawari 2 (GMS 2)+Z $ 1982>Ԇ = * $(ㇾTKiku 4 (ETS 3)+ h $ 1983y?= : D~J.K.Sakura 2A (CS 2A)Tenma (Astro B)Sakura 2B (CS 2B)+h $ 1984x> : D|㉂q2TYuri 2A (BS 2A)Ohzora (Exos C)Himawari 3 (GMS 3)+ $ 1986s9 " : Dr㉂r& TO뉂Yuri 2B (BS 2B)Ajisai (EGP)Fuji 1A (JAS 1A)+ M $ 1987l2" : DdV$㉾TGinga (Astro C)Momo 1A (MOS 1A)ETS 5+M $ 1988^, B 2 4Xu.v.Sakura 3A (CS 3A)Sakura 3B (CS 3B)+ m $ 1989GB B Tq2ㆺ2OTAkebono (Exos D)Jcsat 1Superbird A1Himawari 4 (GMS 4)+m ! $ 1990{ L hㇺ2W$ z 1{''z  Korea (South)J< 5 :,?˝Ā" Korea (South)=z  ' ,O Satellites launched+ , $ 19928 d * $Kitsat A+, $ 19938d * $Kitsat B+ $ 1995: , * $ Y Koreasat 1+ W $ 1996:, * $ Y Koreasat 27W '   Main programsF  0 0,G.rKitsatKoreasat: H 1(H LuxemburgF 5 :$?˝Ā" Luxemburg=H ' ,O Satellites launched+ $ 19888 . * $(~Astra 1A+ Y $ 19918. * $(~Astra 1B+Y $ 19938 * $(~Astra 1C+  $ 19948 W * $(~Astra 1D+ $ 19958W * $(~Astra 1E+ $ 19968  * $)~Astra 1F+ H $ 19978 * $)~Astra 1G6H '  Main program3 ) " ܜAstra9 " 1K)" g  MalaysiaE g 5 :"?˝Ā" Malaysiah" ) "2!Malaysia plans to launch a micro satellite in the middle of 1997 (on Ariane) and the second in 2000<g 4 ' *O Satellite launched+ _ $ 1996L4 2 44Measat 1Measat 26_ '  Main program4  ) "*Measat7 L 1*L MexicoC 5 :?˝Ā" Mexico=L ' ,O Satellites launched+ $ 1985N E 2 48FFMorelos 1Morelos 2+ p $ 1993=E * $&L2Solidaridad 1+p $ 1994=  * $&L2Solidaridad 2+ @ $ 19969 y * $- Unamsat 27@ '   Main programsJy 0 04tz6ww퉂MorelosSolidaridad< 6 1gK4+6 ~ NetherlandsH ~ 5 :(?˝Ā" Netherlands=6 + &$D4"Member of ESA<~ ' *O External resourcesB 9 ' 6http://www.sron.ruu.nl/= v ' ,O Satellites launched+9 $ 19743 v * $DANS+ $ 1983 4 @ * $v>UUIRAS+ k $ 1996S#@ 0 0FxESAX (considered as Italian)7k 1, 8  NorwayC 8 5 :?˝Ā" NorwayI  + &<D4"Member of ESA since 1987.<8  ' *O External resourcesE  ' <http://www.spacecentre.no/< > ' *O Satellite launched+ i $ 19976 >  * $gOThor 2+i  $ 19986   * $hOThor 3C C ' 8O Satellite bought in orbit+ n $ 19926 C  * $fOThor 19n  1P4- " A PakistanE " 5 :"?˝Ā" Pakistan]  % DThe Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) was founded in 1961.<"  ' *O Satellite launched+  $ 19906  A * $(Badr A<  } 1 .}  v PhilippinesHA  5 :(?˝Ā" Philippines<}  ' *O Satellite launched+ , $ 1997; g + & nMabuhay 1D,  ' :O Satellites bought in orbit+g  $ 1996:  * $ 有Palapa B2P+ ; $ 1997; v * $"#oGorizont 299;  1X/   PortugalEv  5 :"?˝Ā" Portugal< 0 ' *O Satellite launched+ [ $ 19935 0  * $VPosat6[  1 W0  v SpainB   5 :?˝Ā" SpainE M + &4D4"Spain is part of ESA.< ' *O External resources=M ' ,http://www.inta.es=  ' ,O Satellites launched+ . $ 19747  e * $mgSIntasat+. $ 1992;e * $"c͉Hispasat 1A+ $ 1993; 1 * $"c͉Hispasat 1B+ \ $ 199581 * $#UPMsat 1+\ $ 1997: * $ K&Minisat 016 / '  Main programG v 0 0.&̀AHispasatMinisat7/ 1tX 1 @@ SwedenCv 5 :?˝Ā" Sweden= - + &$D4"Member of ESA= j ' ,O Satellites launched+- $ 19866 j * $1ĉViking+ $ 19896 , * $yTele X+ W $ 19925 ,  * $1TFreja+W  $ 1994J   * $@Sirius 1 (bought in orbit)+ , $ 19958 d * $ ~Astrid 1+,  $ 19978d  * $Sirius 27 @ '   Main programs @ v 4  @@ ) "ڢSirius9 @ y@ 1dW2y@ @ B ThailandE@@ @ 5 :"?˝Ā" Thailand<y@ @ ' *O Satellite launched+@ %A $ 19939@ ^A * $FˉThaicom 1+%A A $ 19949^A A * $GˉThaicom 2+A A $ 19979A &B * $HˉThaicom 3+A QB $ 19985 &B B * $WTmsat6QB B '  Main program5 B B ) "v胀Thaicom7B (C 1 3(C kC D TurkeyCB kC 5 :?˝Ā" Turkey=(C C ' ,O Satellites launched+kC C $ 1994:C D * $ mvmTurksat 1B+C 8D $ 1996: D rD * $ nvmTurksat 1C68D D '  Main program5 rD D ) "]cKTurksat8D E 1:4E YE bF UkraineDD YE 5 : ?˝Ā" UkrainekFE E % DUkraine has a space agency: National Space Agency of Ukraine (NKAU)=YE F ' ,O Satellites launched+E ,F $ 19956 F bF * $>w|Sich 1?,F F 1 5F F United KingdomKbF F 5 :.?˝Ā" United KingdomwF G 7 >D  4"Has created the BNSC (British National Space Center), a space agency in 1985. United Kingdom is member of ESA.<F G ' *O External resourcesS,G )H ' Xhttp://www.open.gov.uk/bnsc/bnschome.htm4 G ]H ' O Satellites+)H H $ 1962>]H H * $(d$tAriel 1 (UK 1)+H H $ 1964>H /I * $(e$tAriel 2 (UK 2)+H ZI $ 1967>/I I * $(f$tAriel 3 (UK 3)+ZI I $ 19699I I * $ ȉSkynet 1A+I 'J $ 1971l2I J : Dd ȉ'S*g$tSkynet 1BProspero (X3)Ariel 4 (UK 4)+'J J $ 1974?J ?K B T~5 ȉYu<щh$t6 ȉSkynet 2AMiranda (X 4)Ariel 5 (UK 5)Skynet 2B+J jK $ 1979>?K K * $(i$tAriel 6 (UK 6)+jK K $ 19817 K L * $͓F̉Uosat 1+K 5L $ 19834 L iL * $v>UUIRAS+5L L $ 1984LiL L 2 44ΓF̉nUosat 2AMPTE UKS+L M $ 19889L DM * $ ȉSkynet 4B+ M oM $ 1989JDM M 2 40S ȉBSB 1Skynet 4A+oM M $ 1990p.M TN B T\ϓF̉ГF̉S ȉUosat 3Uosat 4BSB 2Skynet 4C+M N $ 19917 TN N * $ѓF̉Uosat 5+N N $ 1994JN +O 2 40djdjSTRV 1ASTRV 1B+N VO $ 19989+O O * $ ȉSkynet 4D7VO O '   Main programsm(O ? E ZPhڜJaS@O ? bF ~ꠉArielBSBSkynetSTRVUosat3 O r '  Launchers9? ) " XـBlack Arrow> r 16 3  United StatesJ 3 5 :,?˝Ā" United StatesqL % DThe US space program can't be described here... it requires a whole book!<3 ' *O External resources?  ' 0http://www.nasa.gov/7 V '   Main programs  f  ԁ YSZSMZS[Y\do݌RElS =9ąoS㸈R4j牂2ӉqPdIx≂ LS 9%k:uЇ QdI=Š>ܝ AMSASCATSAuroraComstarColumbiaDashDBSDiscovererDMSPDSCSDSPEchoEchostarEssaExplorerFleetsatcomGalaxyGEGGSEGlobalstarGoesGPSGstarHeaoIDSCPIMEWSIridiumKHLacrosseLageosLandsat V t  ԁSUg;S tAc{A޲ȉTɑl̑̑6S@8S㐫۴WI4~W#1Heos 2TD 1AEsro 4+  $ 19755 J * $UXTCos B+ u $ 1977b(J : DP㯃\VTϵaESA-Geos 1ISEE 2Meteosat 1+u  $ 1978K M 2 42piV㰃\OTS 2ESA-Geos 2+ x $ 19795 M * $scTCat 1+x $ 1981p. H B T\еaucTڰ_vcTMeteosat 2Cat 3Marecs ACat 4+ s $ 1983NH 2 48r2نExosatEutelsat 1F1+s $ 1984Q = 2 4>چ˴UEutelsat 1F2Marecs B2+ h $ 1987<= * $$܆Eutelsat 1F4+h $ 1988R ! 2 4@ѵa݆Meteosat 3Eutelsat 1F5+ L $ 1989b(! : DPҵavtމMeteosat 4OlympusHipparcos+L $ 1990<  * $$Eutelsat 2F1+ @ $ 1991{9 B Trӵa_QTEutelsat 2F2Meteosat 5ERS 1Eutelsat 2F3+@ $ 1992P 6 2 4<IEutelsat 2F4Eureca 1+ a $ 1993:6 * $ ԵaMeteosat 6+a $ 1995Y  : D>`QT~Hotbird 1ERS 2ISO+ J $ 19969 * $Hotbird 2+J $ 1997< 4 J dxյatYtYHotbird 3Meteosat 7Maqsat HMaqsat BYes+ _ $ 199894 * $Hotbird 47_ '   Main programsA j Z eSvSRH(<F^n2_kSCatEsroERSEutelsatHeosMarecsMeteosatOTS3 '  Launchers4 j ) "2!Ariane > J 1}\9J tC InternationalJ 5 :,?˝Ā" InternationalgJ : ? LDCIx㐮):o7U=o7U=Here are the satellites developed by an international organization, either Intelsat or Inmarsat. Intersputnik isn't in here because the satellites are owned by the CIS... but this will change as soon as Intersputnik launches its first satellite.Numerous other programs were developed by multi-national partners but are still considered nationally.< v ' *O External resourcesT-:  ' Zhttp://www.un.or.at/OOSA_Kiosk/index.html=v  ' ,O Satellites launched+ 2 $ 1965< n * $$rĉIntelsat 101+2  $ 1966<n  * $$ĉIntelsat 201+  $ 1967l2 l : DdĉĉĉIntelsat 202Intelsat 203Intelsat 204+  $ 1968<l  * $$ĉIntelsat 302+  $ 1969T" R 2 4DĉĉIntelsat 303Intelsat 304+ } $ 1970l2R  : DdĉĉĉIntelsat 306Intelsat 307Intelsat 308+}  $ 1971T" h 2 4DĉĉIntelsat 402Intelsat 403+  $ 1972T"h  2 4D ĉ!ĉIntelsat 404Intelsat 405+  $ 1973< N * $$#ĉIntelsat 407+ y $ 1974<N  * $$$ĉIntelsat 408+y  $ 1975U# 5 2 4Fĉ Intelsat 401Intelsat 4A01+ ` $ 1976=5  * $& Intelsat 4A02+`  $ 1977=  * $& Intelsat 4A04+ 0 $ 1978V$ 2 4H  Intelsat 4A03Intelsat 4A06+0 $ 1980< * $$WĉIntelsat 502+  $ 1981T" l 2 4DVĉXĉIntelsat 501Intelsat 503+ $ 1982T"l 2 4DYĉZĉIntelsat 504Intelsat 505+  $ 1983T" j 2 4D[ĉ\ĉIntelsat 506Intelsat 507+ $ 1984T"j 2 4D]ĉ^ĉIntelsat 508Intelsat 509+  $ 1985l2 : DdĉĉĉIntelsat 510Intelsat 511Intelsat 512+ $ 1988< * $$ĉIntelsat 513+  $ 1989T" f 2 4Dĉ ĉIntelsat 515Intelsat 602+ $ 1990l2f : Dd ĉ ĉjGIntelsat 603Intelsat 604Inmarsat 2F1+ ( $ 1991B  B TjG ĉ ĉjGInmarsat 2F2Intelsat 605Intelsat 601Inmarsat 2F3+(  $ 1992R  ) 2 4@jGƉInmarsat 2F4Intelsat K+ T $ 1993<)  * $$ĉIntelsat 701+T  $ 1994T" @ 2 4DĉĉIntelsat 702 @ Intelsat 703+ F@ $ 1995l2@ @ : DdĉĉĉIntelsat 704Intelsat 705Intelsat 706+F@ @ $ 1996R@ yA J dĉ)rGĉ*rG+rGIntelsat 707Inmarsat 3F1Intelsat 709Inmarsat 3F2Inmarsat 3F3+@ A $ 1997RyA @B J dĉ,rGĉĉĉIntelsat 801Inmarsat 3F4Intelsat 802Intelsat 803Intelsat 804+A kB $ 1998l2@B B : Dd-rGĉĉInmarsat 3F5Intelsat 806Intelsat 8057kB C '   Main programsf(B tC > LP㐮):CIx ֋qInmarsatIntelsatISEESarsat5C C 1:C C G NATOA tC C 5 :?˝Ā" NATO=C 'D ' ,O Satellites launched+C RD $ 19706 'D D * $a }Nato 1+RD D $ 19716 D D * $b }Nato 2+D E $ 19767 D KE * $CdNato 3A+E vE $ 19777 KE E * $CdNato 3B+vE E $ 19787 E F * $CdNato 3C+E :F $ 19847 F qF * $CdNato 3D+:F F $ 19917 qF F * $CdNato 4A+F F $ 19937 F 5G * $CdNato 4B6F kG '  Main program2 5G G ) "ugNato@kG G 1 ;G -H BThe Clarke BeltPG -H 5 :8NJ" Geostationary Orbit6G cH ' O Introductioni-H K , &This chart keeps track of the satellites on the Clarke Belt. The transponder loading of the telecommunication satellites listed here can be found at http://www.satcodx.comFirst column is the slot of the satellite above the Equator; negative values stand for degrees West and positive for degrees East. Second column is the inclination of the spacecraft in degrees i.e. the angle between the satellite's plan and the Equator's plan. The "Mis." column is for the satellite's main mission; M stands for Military, C for Communication and W for Weather. Furthermore MC stands for Military Communications, MW for Military Warning. The "Frequency bands" column relates the downlink bands in which the satellite can be active, blank means unknown. The "Comment" column contains internal information, such as the "!" sign which indicates this data is unconfirmed or variable.*cH "L ' @K M #4QN20 :JhjSlotInc.SatelliteMis.Freq. bandsComment-"L N #RZQN20"ceM24<>T-180DSCS 3-03MUHF, S, X!0M N #R`QN20 ""|W68@B\-178.03.79UHF 4MUHF, X, EHF1N #RbQN20 ""ĉDFNP^-177.02.35Intelsat 513CC, KuN G .N #R\QN20 ""OM8:BDX-174.30.54TDRS 5MS, C, Ku9 #RrQN20".68@BH-17313.2Goes 02WS!wavering but alive. #R\QN20 ""OM8:BDX-171.02.26TDRS 7MS, C, Ku7 ܃ #RnQN20"k24<>L-1588.63HGS 1CC, Kuhighly inclined, Ʉ #RXQN20 ""YR^Z@BJLT-148.00.03Echostar 4CKu)܃ #RRQN20 ""]<>FHN-139.00.07Aurora 2CC*Ʉ #RTQN20 ""q->@HJP-137.00.09Satcom C1CC* #RTQN20 ""t->@HJP-135.00.10Satcom C4CC- w #RZQN20"ceM24<>T-135DSCS 3-05MUHF, S, X!8 p #RpQN20"㝖..08:P-134Goes 10WVHF, L, S!drifting West*w [ #RTQN20 ""_b㉀>@HJP-133.00.05Galaxy 1RCC*p F #RTQN20 ""s->@HJP-131.00.09Satcom C3CC3[ : #RfQN20 "" ceM>@HJ`-130.06.51DSCS 3-01MUHF, S, X!)F $ #RRQN20 "";up<>FHN-125.00.03Galaxy 5CC):  #RRQN20 ""?up<>FHN-123.00.03Galaxy 9CC'$ #RNQN20 ""=HW68@BJ-122.90.07SBS 5CKu, #RXQN20 ""ƵBDLNT-120.02.42Telstar 303CC G 1 #RbQN20"68@B^-120Milstar 1-1MUHF, Ka, EHF, #RXQN20 ""VR^Z@BJLT-119.00.03Echostar 1CKu, #RXQN20 ""WR^Z@BJLT-119.00.03Echostar 2CKu) #RRQN20 ""q:<DFN-118.80.05Tempo 2CKu. #R\QN20 ""F>@HJX-116.80.07Morelos 2CC, Ku5 #RjQN20 ""L2FHPRf-113.00.05Solidaridad 2CL, C, Ku, #RXQN20 ""QQ:<DFT-111.10.07Anik E1CC, Ku3 #FfQN20 "L2DFLNb-109.20.05Solidaridad 1CL, C, Ku, o #RXQN20 ""QQ:<DFT-107.30.07Anik E2CC, Ku+ [ #RVQN20 ""Lw8:BDR-106.50.06MSAT 1CL, Ku)o E #RRQN20 ""QQ:<DFN-106.01.13Anik C1CKu0[ 6 #R`QN20 ""|W68@B\-106.03.98UHF 6MUHF, X, EHF*E ! #RTQN20"S24<>H-10514.8ATS 3CVHF!old06  #R`QN20"]8:BDJ-1055.69Aurora 1CC!wavering)! #RRQN20 "":T:<DFN-105.11.71Gstar 1CKu) #RRQN20 ""=T:<DFN-105.00.09Gstar 4CKu2 #RdQN20"..08:P-105Goes 09WVHF, L, Swavering& #RLQN2 G 0" c鉀.08:F-103DSP 3-5MS, X!)  #RRQN20 ""rRU46>@N-103.00.05GE 1CC, Ku'  #RNQN20 ""~9T68@BJ-101.20.05DBS 1CKu*  #RTQN20 ""iS68@BP-101.00.05ASC 2CC, Ku+ u #RVQN20 ""S 8:BDR-101.00.07AMSC 1CL, Ku' ] #RNQN20 ""〽9T68@BJ-101.00.03DBS 3CKu'u E #RNQN20 ""9T68@BJ-100.80.03DBS 2CKu&] , #RLQN20 "" KU46>@H-100.00.12ACTSCKa:E ' #RtQN20" D>ቀDFNP`-99.74.28Fleetsatcom 7MUHF, Xwavering(,  #RPQN20" @V-984.53Goes 07WVHF, L, Swavering- #RZQN20" zz<>FHV-97.00.05Telstar 5CC, Ku- #RZQN20" b㉀<>FHV-95.00.03Galaxy 3RCC, Ku* #RTQN20" c㉀<>FHP-95.00.03Galaxy 8iCKu, #RXQN20" bBDLNT-92.01.55Brasilsat A2CC,  #RXQN20" =up:<DFT-91.00.05Galaxy 7CC, Ku0  #R`QN20" 㑑)BDLN\-89.00.05Telstar 402RCC, Ku( @ #RPQN20 @ G " rRU24<>L-87.00.05GE 3CC, Ku( vA #RPQN20" rRU24<>L-85.00.05GE 2CC, Ku/@ fB #R^QN20" $cBDLNZ-84.00.02Brasilsat B3CC, X2vA YC #RdQN20" d@BJL`-83.00.07Spacenet 3RCL, C, Ku*fB DD #RTQN20" -<>FHP-81.01.02Satcom K2CKu,YC 1E #RXQN20" bBDLNT-79.02.90Brasilsat A1CC&DD F #RLQN20" =HW46>@H-77.04.17SBS 4CKu*1E G #RTQN20" [LX<>FHN-76.09.96Comstar 4CC!5F G #RjQN20".46>@V-750.11Goes 08WVHF, L, Swavering&G H #RLQN20" =HW46>@H-74.10.07SBS 6CKu*G I #RTQN20" S_E<>FHP-72.00.09Nahuel 1ACKu/H J #R^QN20" "cBDLNZ-70.00.05Brasilsat B1CC, X/I K #R^QN20" #cBDLNZ-65.00.05Brasilsat B2CC, X+J L #RVQN20" XR^Z>@HJR-61.50.03Echostar 3CKu.K M #R\QN20" Dh>@HJX-58.00.05Panamsat 5CC, Ku0L wN #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\-55.50.08Intelsat 805CC, Ku/M gO #R^QN20" jGBDLNZ-55.52.03Inmarsat 2F2CL, C/wN c #R^QN20" ,rGBDgO c G LNZ-54.00.07Inmarsat 3F4CL, C0gO T #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\-53.00.03Intelsat 706CC, Ku,c A #RXQN20"ceM02:<R-52DSCS 3-09MUHF, S, X!0T 2 #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\-50.00.05Intelsat 709CC, Ku-A #RZQN20" OM68@BV-49.010.0TDRS 1MS, C, Ku-2  #RZQN20" OM68@BV-47.00.09TDRS 6MS, C, Ku. #R\QN20" @h>@HJX-45.00.07Panamsat 1CC, Ku+ #RVQN20" Eh>@HJR-43.20.06Panamsat 6CKu/ ه #R^QN20" 8M@BJLZ-43.00.05Panamsat 3RCC, Ku, ƈ #RXQN20" ceM02:<R-42DSCS 3-02MUHF, S, X!-ه #RZQN20" OM68@BV-41.01.46TDRS 4MS, C, Ku0ƈ #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\-40.50.05Intelsat 806CC, Ku0 #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\-37.80.77Intelsat 515CC, Ku(  #RPQN20" R*8:BDL-37.50.07Orion 1CKu0 p #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\-34.50.03Intelsat 601CC, Ku3 d 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Xwavering-8#RZQN20" J7<>FHV-14.00.09Express 1CC, Ku,+#RXQN20" -x@BLNT-13.51.44Cosmos 2291MCC,#RXQN20"ceM02:<R-12DSCS 3-06MUHF, S, X!:#RtQN20" #o@BJL`-11.03.11Gorizont 26CL, C, Kuwavering1#RbQN20"Եa<>FH^-9.00.24Meteosat 6WVHF, L, S2#RdQN20"8e<>JL`-8.00.05Telecom 2AC/MC, X, Ku+#RVQN20"W>@HJR-7.00.05Nilesat 101CKu$ #RHQN20 " c鉀*,46B-7DSP 3-4MS, X!2 #RdQN20"9e<>JL`-5.00.03Telecom 2BC/MC, X, Ku2  #RdQN20";e<>JL`-5.00.24Telecom 2DC/MC, X, Ku& q #RLQN20"3 46>@H-4.00.07Amos 1CKu2 d #RdQN20" ȉ:<DF`-1.01.75Skynet 4CMUHF, X, EHF-q L#FZQN20ĉ>@FHV-1.00.03Intelsat 707CC, Ku&d 3#RLQN20"fO46>@H-0.80.05Thor 1CKu&L&@#RLQN20"gO46>@H-0.80.053&@G Thor 2CKu&3 A#RLQN20"hO46>@H-0.70.10Thor 3CKu'&@A#RNQN20"mԐ68@BJ-0.60.09Tvsat 2CKu0 AB#R`QN20"յa:<DF\0.51.17Meteosat 7WVHF, L, S1AC#RbQN20":e:<HJ^3.00.03Telecom 2CC/MC, X, Ku#BD#RFQN20 " c鉀(*24@4DSP 3-3MS, X!-CE#RZQN20 "02:<T4Milstar 1-2MUHF, S, Ka!'DF#RNQN20"68@BJ4.80.03Sirius 2CKu'EzG#RNQN20"68@BJ5.20.08Sirius 1CKu+FfH#RVQN20">@HJR7.00.05Eutelsat 2F4CKu,zGSI#RXQN20"@BJLT10.00.05Eutelsat 2F2CKu,fH@J#RXQN20"g4oމ:<FHT12.02.56Raduga 29MCC, X,SI-K#RXQN20"`4oމ:<FHT12.06.26Raduga 22MCC, X+@JL#RVQN20"+x>@JLR12.01.95Cosmos 2224MWS)-KM#RRQN20":<DFN13.00.09Hotbird 1CKu)LM#RRQN20":<DFN13.00.09Hotbird 2CKu)MN#RRQN20":<DFN13.00.07Hotbird 3CKu)MO#RRQN20":<DFN13.00.03Hotbird 4CKu,N#RXQN20OG "@BJLT13.00.10Eutelsat 2F1CKu)O#RRQN20"oG:<DFN13.21.11Italsat 1CKa,#RXQN20"@BJLT16.00.05Eutelsat 2F3CKu){#RRQN20"oG:<DFN16.40.09Italsat 2CKa(d#RPQN20"(~8:BDL19.20.07Astra 1ACKu({M#RPQN20"(~8:BDL19.20.21Astra 1BCKu(d6#RPQN20"(~8:BDL19.20.07Astra 1CCKu(M#RPQN20"(~8:BDL19.20.05Astra 1ECKu&6#FLQN20)~68>@H19.20.05Astra 1FCKu&#FLQN20)~68>@H19.20.03Astra 1GCKu,Ή#RXQN20"݆@BJLT21.53.23Eutelsat 1F5CKu)#RRQN20"̗>T24<>N23.50.05DFS 3CKu, Ka.Ή#R\QN20"-rG@BJLX24.52.63Inmarsat 3F5CL, C,#RXQN20"܆@BJLT25.54.02Eutelsat 1F4CKu-#RZQN20"_鉀<>FHV26.00.07Arabsat 2ACC, Ku(k#RPQN20"(~8:BDL28.20.07Astra 1DCKu)U#RRQN20"˗>T24<>N28.50.07DFS 2CKu, Ka-kO#RZQN20"`鉀<>FHUOG V31.00.05Arabsat 2BCC, Ku*U:#RTQN20"mvm<>FHP31.20.05Turksat 1BCKu-O"#FZQN20ĉ>@FHV33.04.58Intelsat 510CC, Ku4:#RhQN20"f4oމ:<FHT35.03.61Raduga 28MCC, Xwavering&"#RLQN20"O?46>@H36.00.62Gals 1CKu&#RLQN20"O?46>@H36.00.51Gals 2CKu%#RJQN20"w~W24<>F36.00.07TDF 2CKu1#RbQN20"#o>@HJ^40.00.42Gorizont 31CL, C, Ku*#RTQN20"nvm<>FHP42.00.05Turksat 1CCKu9#RrQN20 "#o24<>R42Gorizont 19CL, C, Ku!drifting east-#RZQN20"ƭ\<>HJV49.01.86Raduga 1-3MCC, X2#RdQN20" ȉ:<DF`52.03.93Skynet 4DMUHF, X, EHF.r#R\QN20"#o>@HJX53.00.19Gorizont 32CC, Ku*]#RTQN20"G@c8:BDP55.00.06Insat 2RCS, C/rM#R^QN20"ĉ@BJLZ57.00.03Intelsat 703CC, Ku+]9#RVQN20 "ceM.08:P57DSCS 3-04MUHF, S, X!/M)#R^QN20" ĉ@BJLZ60.00.07Intelsat 604CC, Ku+9!#RVQN20 "ceM.08:P60DSCS 3-08)!G MUHF, S, X!/)#R^QN20" ĉ@BJLZ62.00.05Intelsat 602CC, Ku1!#RbQN20"ӵa<>FH^63.02.08Meteosat 5WVHF, L, S,#FXQN20)rG>@FHT63.61.02Inmarsat 3F1CL, C/#R^QN20"ĉ@BJLZ64.00.05Intelsat 804CC, Ku.#R\QN20"jG@BJLX65.00.71Inmarsat 2F3CL, C/#R^QN20"ĉ@BJLZ66.00.03Intelsat 704CC, Ku-#RZQN20"Ch<>FHV68.50.05Panamsat 4CC, Ku,#RXQN20"4oމ:<FHT70.01.20Raduga 32MCC, X)~#RRQN20"|W24<>N71.53.35UHF 2MUHF, X.m #R\QN20"|W24<>X71.53.88UHF 5MUHF, X, EHF2~` #RdQN20">>ቀBDLN^72.013.7Fleetsatcom 1MUHF, X!2m S #RdQN20"Zĉ@BJL`72.06.81Intelsat 505CL, C, Ku,` @ #RXQN20"ݏ7:<DFR72.512.4Marisat 3CL, C!,S - #RXQN20"G@c8:FHT74.00.91Insat 2AC/WS, C(@ #RPQN20"Q:<DFL76.01.62Electro 1WL,- #RXQN20""鉀:<DFT77.00.03Apstar 2RCC, Ku, @#RXQN20"mEo46@BT77.00.95Luch 1MCUHF, Ku @G ,@#RXQN20"Hˉ:<DFT78.50.05Thaicom 3CC, Ku, @A#RXQN20"Gˉ:<DFT78.50.09Thaicom 2CC, Ku+@B#RVQN20"2x>@JLR80.00.64Cosmos 2319MCC,AC#RXQN20"J7:<DFT80.00.09Express 2CC, Ku,BD#RXQN20"vG@c8:FHT83.00.41Insat 1DC/WS, C4CE#RhQN20"4oމ:<FHT85.02.16Raduga 30MCC, Xwavering4DF#RhQN20"OM46>@T85.33.98TDRS 3MS, C, Kuwavering.EG#R\QN20"j)ቀ>@HJX87.50.05Chinastar 1CC, Ku1FwH#RbQN20"#o>@HJ^90.02.12Gorizont 28CL, C, Ku+GcI#RVQN20"8:BDR91.50.05Measat 1CC, Ku9wH]J#RrQN20 "#o24<>R91Gorizont 20CL, C, Ku!drifting East.cILK#R\QN20"G@c8:BDX93.50.15Insat 2CCS, C, Ku,]J9L#RXQN20"G@c8:FHT93.50.15Insat 2BC/WS, C.LK(M#R\QN20"#o>@HJX96.52.86Gorizont 27CC, Ku09LN#R`QN20"&v&JLTV\98.02.30Dong Fang Hong 26CC)(MO#RRQN20"dɉ8:BDN99.02.82Ekran 20CUHF-N #RZQN20" k<>FHV100.50.05Asiasat 2CC, KuO G 2O#RdQN20" #o@BJL`103.03.39Gorizont 25CL, C, Ku0 #R`QN20" #'v&LNVX\104.00.43Dong Fang Hong 45W)ڂ#RRQN20" k<>FHN105.50.08Asiasat 1CC/ʃ#R^QN20" L M@BDLNZ107.70.14Cakrawarta 1CL, S*ڂ#RTQN20" 有>@HJP108.00.09Palapa B2RCC0ʃ#R`QN20" ㉀8:BDL110.00.11Yuri 3NCKuwavering0#R`QN20" ㉀8:BDL110.00.13Yuri 3BCKuwavering(#RPQN20" R8:BDL110.00.09Bsat 1ACKu(i#RPQN20" S8:BDL110.00.03Bsat 1BCKu-W#RZQN20" ԥ_<>FHV110.50.05Sinosat 1CC, Ku1iI#RbQN20" &v&LNVX^110.92.50Dong Fang Hong 25CC-W7#RZQN20" ^:9<>FHV113.00.07Palapa C2CC, Ku.I&#R\QN20" ZIz>@HJX115.51.88Spacenet 1CC, Ku+7#RVQN20" Y >@HJR116.00.05Koreasat 1CKu+&#RVQN20" Y >@HJR116.00.07Koreasat 2CKu)#RRQN20" 5:9<>FHN118.00.07Palapa B4CC-֏#RZQN20" Fˉ<>FHV120.00.07Thaicom 1CC, Ku-#RZQN2֏G 0" T46>@V120.03.30GMS 4WUHF, L, S/֏#R^QN20" #o@BJLZ122.01.80Gorizont 30CC, Ku+#RVQN20" ㉺28:BDR124.00.07Jcsat 4CC, Ku1#RbQN20" "'v&LNVX^125.00.05Dong Fang Hong 44CC+#RVQN20" ㈺28:BDR128.00.05Jcsat 3CC, Ku-x#RZQN20" e4oމ<>HJV128.04.55Raduga 27MCC, X3l#RfQN20" ) :<DFb132.00.07N Star ACS, C, Ku, Ka)xV#RRQN20" i"鉀<>FHN134.00.05Apstar 1ACC3lJ#RfQN20" * :<DFb136.00.09N Star BCS, C, Ku, Ka(V3#RPQN20" b :<DFL138.00.07Apstar 1CC-J!#RZQN20" T46>@V140.00.41GMS 5WUHF, L, S23#RdQN20" #o@BJL`140.04.53Gorizont 22CL, C, Ku,!#RXQN20" _Sk7@BJLT144.00.05Superbird CCKu2#RdQN20" #o@BJL`145.04.61Gorizont 21CL, C, Ku%#RJQN20" c鉀,.68D145DSP 3-2MS, X!-#RZQN20" n<>FHV146.00.05Mabuhay 1CC, Ku,#RXQN20" :<DFT148.00.03Measat 2CC, Ku+#RVQN20G " ㊺28:BDR150.00.03Jcsat 5CC, Ku-#RZQN20" ]:9<>FHV150.50.07Palapa C1CC, Ku)#RRQN20" _:<DFN152.02.15Optus A3CKu(n#RPQN20" ㇺ28:BDL154.00.05Jcsat 2CKu+Z#RVQN20" %Ag:<DFR155.73.67Leasat 5MP, X,nG#RXQN20" _:<DFT156.00.07Optus B3CL, Ku4Z<#RhQN20" OBDLNd158.00.05Superbird A2CX, Ku, Ka,G)#RXQN20" _:<DFT160.00.03Optus B1CL, Ku/<#R^QN20" #o@BJLZ161.02.08Gorizont 29CC, Ku4) #RhQN20" OBDLNd162.00.07Superbird B1CX, Ku, Ka) #RRQN20" _:<DFN164.03.94Optus A2CKu.  #R\QN20" Ah>@HJX169.00.05Panamsat 2CC, Ku/  #R^QN20" |W46>@Z169.05.88UHF 8MUHF, X, EHF3  #RfQN20" A>ቀDFNP`172.011.9Fleetsatcom 4MUHF, X!0  #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\174.00.05Intelsat 802CC, Ku, #RXQN20"ceM02:<R175DSCS 3-07MUHF, S, X!0 #R`QN20" ĉBDLN\177.00.03Intelsat 702CC, Ku/@#R^QN20@G " +rGBDLNZ178.01.49Inmarsat 3F3CL, C/A#R^QN20" jGBDLNZ179.01.80Inmarsat 2F1CL, C0@wB#R`QN20" ĉBDLN\180.00.03Intelsat 701CC, Ku$AB" 1wBB1W<B CFCT+B C) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BFC# 1 CwC1z=wCCI"FCC' Dpage intentionally left blank?wCC1y5(>CKDTo be launchedLCKD5 :0NJ" Launch Schedule2 C}D'  Aug 1998iKDDP#p25. maU2!25ST 1 (Ariane)k!}DQEJ#dB5" Gb㉀27Galaxy 10 (1st delta 3)mDEP#p:5. &)~㉓g30Astra 2A (Proton)2 QEE'  Sep 1998q!EaFP#pB5. Їp㉀01Iridium (5) (Delta 2)v&EFP#pL5. x'CM07Globalstar (12) #1 (Zenit)m aFDGM#j@5( Sp㉂14GPS BIIR-03 (Delta 2)oFGP#p>5. Fh2!15Panamsat 7 (Ariane)jDGHP#p45. ;KV㉓g16Nimiq (Proton)p#GHM#jF5( 㐫GKT20Orbcomm (8) (Pegasus XL)hHHJ#d<5" 㻦ʼn24Stex & Atex (Taurus)HHIJ#d5" ??Jawsat (Minuteman) (http://burst.unh.edu/RTSS/missummary.html)t&HIN#lL5* 'CMӅ]??Okean O2-N1 (Zenit)Mysat 1r"ImJP#pD5. u㉓g??Yamal 100 (2) (Proton)2 IJ'  Oct 1998{'mJKT#xN56 -SH2!03Afristar (Ariane)Sirius 3iJKM#j85( 㰭=H06Hotbird 5 (Atlas)y(KKQ#rP50 p㉂OS15Deepspace 1 (Delta 2)Sedsatq!KmLP#pB5. Їp㉀17Iridium (3) (Delta 2)fKLG#^>5 yj19UHF 9 (Atlas 2 AC-130)q!mLDMP#pB5. L2!23Eutelsat 3F2 (Ariane)|+LMQ#rV50 2!tY23ARD + dummy (Ariane 5)Maqsat 3jDM*NP#p45. IW㻦ʼn26SCD 2 (Taurus)oMNP#p>5. Gh㉓g29Panamsat 8 (Proton)]*NND#X25 29STS 95 (spacehab)n$NdOJ#dH5" 9+S??Feng Yun 2B (Long March 4)v&NOP#pL5. x'CM??Globalstar (12) #2 (Zenit)odOUP#p>5OUC. DJ{؉bnW"??Ikonos 1 (Athena 2)_OD#X65 ??titan 4B IUS launch2 U'  Nov 1998lRP#p85. p㉓g12Tempo 1 (Proton){$́W#~H5< rRU2!G@c13GE 5 (Ariane)Insat 2En!R;M#jB5( z?{ԉp㉂19Bonum 1 (Delta 2 7925)ǵJ#d:5" 20Quickscat (Titan 2)r%;M#jJ5( $'v&9+S??Chinasat 8 (Long March 3B)v&P#pL5. x'CM??Globalstar (12) #3 (Zenit)W.M#j5( aK??Odin (Start 1, http://www.ssc.se/ssd/ssat/odin.html, launch cost $5 million)jM#j:5( zz㉓g??Telstar 6 (Proton)2 .ʄ'  Dec 1998+LW#~V5< IGKT,701Terriers (Pegasus XL)MublcomnʄP#p<5. F2!02Morelos 3 (Ariane)u1L/D#Xb5 03STS 88 (International Space Station 1-2A)v&P#pL5. 6Syj06ICO 1 1 (Atlas 2AS AC-156)t$/P#pH5. _TSWyj13MCI 1 (Atlas 2AR AC-155)!_#S5J p㉀ 17P91 Argos (Delta 2 7920) (http://www.te.plk.af.mil/arpics/apage1.htm)SunsatORSTED (http://gate.dmi.dk:8080/fsweb/projects/oersted/mission/mission.html)f"D#XD5 18DSP (titan 4B B27 402 IUS)l!M#j>5( 㩃M2!22Panamsat 6B (Ariane)q$dM#jH5( -1yj??EOS AM (Atlas 2AS AC-141)oӉP#p>5. &HbnW"??Rocsat 1 (Athena 1).d'  1998\Ӊ]J#d$5" 6V??Agrani 1\J#d$5" 6V??Agrani 2o](P#p>5.  ~s,梉??Astrid 2 (Cosmos C)\J#d$5" z'??Asusat 1r!(Q#rB50 )'CM??Badr B (Zenit)Meteorf\J#d85" 1p??Bion 12 (Soyuz U?)_J#d*5" 〾u??Cyberstar 1\\J#d$5" ??Gals R122Q#rd50 _T#??IRS P4 (PSLV)+ South Korean satellitefJ#d85" x??Meteor (Conestoga)jjP#p45. ^TSW㉓g??Sky 1 (Proton)Q D#X5 ??Sky 3gj"J#d:5" q??Spaceway (Delta 3?)hM#j65( qOmK??Uosat 12 (Rokot)2 "'  Jan 1999+JW#~V5< gR㼏JC2!:915Asiastar (Ariane 5)Palapa D1aJ#d.5" 'KU21AXAF (STS 93)iJM#j85( QaUGKT25SWAS (Pegasus XL)y/J#d^5" 27Milstar 2-1 (titan 4B Centaur launch)u%P#pJ5. ".㉓g??Eutelsat 3 SESAT (Proton)moP#p:5. )~㉓g??Astra 1H (Proton)p P#p@5. M㉓g??Gorizont 33 (Proton)2 o'  Feb 1999~.P#p\5. >b'CM01Galaxy 11 (1st Sea Launch / Zenit)oP#p>5. EJ{؉bnW"15Ikonos 2 (Athena 2)ecJ#d65" T*18Orion 3 (Delta 3)t$P#pH5. ɉp㉀26Landsat 7 (Delta 2 7920)u+cLJ#dV5" ꉀ??Abrixas (Cosmos 3M, Kapustin Yar)iP#p25. isJ??Adeos 2 (H2?),L8W#~X5< 2! ȉ??Arabsat 3A (Ariane)Skynet 4E [J#d"5" _T??IRS P4 u%8P#pJ5. xK??Globalstar (4) #1 (Soyuz)jrP#p45. #U㉓g??LMI 1 (Proton)2 '  Mar 1999krM#j<5( `QUp㉂18Fuse (Delta 2 7320)jyP#p45. LeUGKT19WIRE (Pegasus)oP#p>5. H㉓g??Asiasat 3S (Proton)u%y]P#pJ5. xK??Globalstar (4) #2 (Soyuz)q!P#pB5. 㿩ĉ2!??Intelsat KTV (Ariane)2 ]'  Apr 1999mmP#p:5. ')~2!??Astra 2B (Ariane)p P#p@5. M㰭=H??Eutelsat 3F3 (Atlas)m mJM#j@5( Sp㉂??GPS BIIR-03 (Delta 2)/W#~^5< N2!G@c??Eutelsat 3F4 (Ariane 5)Insat 3A 2 J'  May 1999VP#p5. GKT01TSX5 STRV 2 (http://www.te.plk.af.mil/tsx5home/strv2/jpl.htm) (Pegasus XL)[D#X.5 13STS 96 (ISS 2A)HG#^5 ??Catsat (microsatellite, STEDI 3, http://www.catsat.sr.unh.edu/)kP#p65. rRU㉓g??GE 4 (Proton ?)u%rP#pJ5. xK??Globalstar (4) #3 (Soyuz)nP#p<5. PO}2!??Caribstar (Ariane)p rPP#p@5. M2!??Panamsat 1R (Ariane)2 '  Jun 1999cP G#^85 㔖.03Goes 11 (L) (Atlas) C[gD#X.5 17STS 92 (ISS 3A)p P#p@5. PO}2!??Caribstar (Ariane 5)kgBP#p65. S*㰭=H??Orion 2 (Atlas)JP#p5. Hh2!??Panamsat 9 (Ariane 5) (second of the Galaxy/panamsat's HS-702)2 B'  Jul 1999n|P#p<5. b㻦ʼn01Kompsat 1 (Taurus)mP#p:5. OMyj22TDRS 8 (Atlas 2A)k|D#X5 ??Arirang 1 (Korean Air satellite, for remote sensing and telecommunication experiments) (Vandenberg)F/Q#r50 fى9+S??CBERS 1 (Long March 4)SACI 1 (Brasilian micro sat, 60 kg)XA#R.5 ??Champ (Comos 3C)j/P#p45. p@T㉓g??GE 1A (Proton)2 #'  Aug 1999iM#j85( 9^]01DMSP 15 (Titan 2)[#D#X.5 05STS 97 (ISS 4A)hOP#p05. 2!??XMM (Ariane).}'  1999|,OP#pX5. mKearlyE-sat (3 launches with Rokot)j}cM#j:5(2!earlyPASI 1 (Ariane)s#P#pF5. סּ㉓gmidACeS (Garuda) (Proton)ncDP#p<5. ɮ6㉓gmidCoupon 2 (Proton)_G#^05 b}midIntersputnik 8w&D Q#rL50 ̓FWp㉂midSAC C (Delta 2 7320)EO-1m& G#^L5 @midSTRV 1C & 1D (Ariane 5 ASAP)l  M#j>5( Y 2!SepKoreasat 3 (Ariane)e X M#j05( ㉓gOctM2A (Proton)p  P#p@5. u]IGKTOctHete 2 (Pegasus XL)_X ' J#d*5"klateAsiasat 4q!  P#pB5.~w㉓glateExpress K1 (Proton)q!'  P#pB5.c͉㰭=HlateHispasat 1C (Atlas)o x P#p>5.3!p㉀lateJason 1 (Delta 2)Z  A#R25lateNOAA L (titan 2)ox A P#p>5.?|2!lateSicral (Ariane 5)X  G#^"5 b ??Apstar 3jA P#p45.  ??Astro E (Mu 5)r" uP#pD5. U/9+S??CBERS 2 (Long March 4)aG#^45 2!??DRS (ESA, Ariane)nuDP#p<5. 72!??Envisat (Ariane 5)}3J#df5" a??Faisat 1A + Tubsat 2 (Cosmos 3, Plesetsk)nD;@P#p<5. i;@C휭2!??Helios 1B (Ariane)^@J#d(5" L M@??Indostar 2e;@@M#j05( ZT#??IRS 2A (PSLV)i@gAP#p25. _T#??IRS P5 (PSLV)q!@AP#pB5. ㋺2㰭=H??Jcsat 6 (Atlas AC152)mgAEBP#p:5. GC|2!??L Star 1 (Ariane)oABP#p>5. HC|2!??L Star 2 (Ariane 5)jEBCP#p45. #U㉓g??LMI 2 (Proton)q!BCP#pB5. p62!??Loralsat 101 (Ariane)t0CDD#X`5 ??Lybid (1st Ukrainian communication sat.)\C_DJ#d$5" ??Measat 3fDDP#p,5. %VJ??MTsat (H2)^_D#EJ#d(5" ??Orbview 3Aq!DEP#pB5. ʅs,梉??Quick Bird (Cosmos C)y+#E FN#lV5* 62!??Radiosat 1 (Ariane 5)Radiosat 2VEcFG#^5 1Z??Ressatl FFM#j>5( zz2!??Telstar 7 (Ariane 5)dcF3GJ#d45" yj??UHF 10 (Atlas 2)x.FGJ#d\5" ??VCL (http://essp.gsfc.nasa.gov/vcl/).3GG'  2000s#GLHP#pF5.RQ2!earlyAnik F1 (Ariane 44L)p#GHM#jF5(2!earlyEurasiasat 1 (Ariane)lLH(IP#p85. 㨼Wp㉀MayTimed (Delta 2)lHIM#j>5( 㕖.yjAprGoes 12 (M) (Atlas)W(IIG#^ 5 HAprAMRC 1iITJJ#d>5" p㉀JunRelativity (Delta 2)iIJP#p25. V#JunProba (PSLV)n!TJ+KM#jB5( :#ĉ㉓gJulIntelsat 901 (Proton)WJKG#^ 5 HJulAMRC 2X+KKG#^"5 midThuraya\K6LG#^*5 %MGmidEuropesat 1t*KLJ#dT5" NovMAP (http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/)]6LMJ#d&5" )DecEOS PM-1n!LuMM#jB5( ;#ĉ2!DecIntelsat 902 (Ariane)]MMJ#d&5"U5‰lateAndesatouMANP#p>5.)~2!lateAstra 1K (Ariane)s#MNP#pF5.%c2!lateBrasilsat B4 (Ariane)^ANOJ#d(5" `lateOptus C1ANOD#X5lateStentor (Ariane 5) (ESA telecommunication sat., 2 tons)ZO J#d 5" 4 ??Amos 2O Ci%OuD#XJ5 ??AMRC 1 & 2 (HS-702 platforms)p P#p@5. - 9+S??APMT (Long March 3B)auFJ#d.5" ^"w??Artemis (H2A)fJ#d85" X[??Cluster 2 (Soyouz)`F J#d,5" (.Uډ??Columbia AOR`lJ#d,5" Uډ??Columbia POR_ ˂J#d*5" Yе??Europe*Stary5lDD#Xj5 ??FEdSat (will conduct a series of experiments)Y˂J#d5" @T??GE 2AYDJ#d5" U??HESSIi_P#p25. kKUp㉀??Image (Delta)iȄP#p25. _T#??IRS P6 (PSLV)]_%J#d&5" [d??Ladybug 1jȄP#p45. #U㉓g??LMI 3 (Proton)q!%P#pB5. p62!??Loralsat 102 (Ariane)llP#p85. °S2!??MSG 1 (Ariane 5):G#^t5 ??Optus 1C/D (should have a military addon payload)VlCD#X$5 ??Radarsat 2^J#d(5" 6??Radiosat 3^CJ#d(5" RՉ??Resource21XWG#^"5 }??Starlitep LjP#p@5. PSk72!??Superbird 4 (Ariane)nW5P#p<5. Iˉ2!??Thaicom 4 (Ariane)ULjG#^5 ՏW??TRSSSL5֊E#X5 ??Vietnam plans to launch a GEO telecom satellite with 15-20 years lifetime estimated to cost 250-300 million USD It would be operated by the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications (VNPT). bidders are: Hughes, LM, Loral, MMS, Alcatel and IAI (Amos HP platform)&# .֊*'  2001nP#p<5. l㉓gAprIntegral (Proton);*J#dv5" JulGlas (http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/eib/Home.html)WtG#^ 5 㩇SepSpot 5n!M#jB5( <#ĉ2!midIntelsat 903 (Ariane)o"tQM#jD5(=#ĉ2!lateIntelsat 904 (Ariane)[J#d"5" Vt??Aries 1YQJ#d5" ??E-satX]J#d5" hOU??EASTXJ#d5" ᇆ??ECCOZ]G#^&5 ",Jꉂ??EuroskywayfuJ#d85" ㉓g??Express 2 (Proton)g܏J#d:5" T??Galex (OSC vehicle)iuQJ#d>5܏QC" T??GFO 2 (lockheed EELV)b܏J#d05" iJ??Grace (Cosmos)ZQ G#^&5 L M@??Indostar 3boJ#d05" ㉓g??LMI 4 (Proton)] J#d&5" [d??Ladybug 2\o(D#X05 ??NOAA M (titan 2)ZJ#d 5" c?ꉀ??RascomZ(J#d 5" R??RuslaneAJ#d65" ㋗hP??Skybridge projectx.J#d\5" p㉀??SIRFT (Delta 2) (IR astronomy, NASA) AF#Z5 ??Project between Boeing and the Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd concerning a new network communication of 17 satellites. Cost estimated at $1 billion The network would be installed by 2003. m1P#p:5. OMyj??TDRS 9 (Atlas 2A)fJ#d85" ㉓g??Yamal 202 (Proton).1'  2002d)J#d45" }̉DecEOS Chemistry 1^J#d(5" `KU??Alos (H2A)`)+D#X5 ??Alsat (algerian communication satellite; should also monitor desert and water resources)YJ#d5" t ܜ??Aster]+J#d&5" j??AstrolinkdEJ#d45" R4??Echostar Ka-band_J#d*5" ㌾T??ETS 8 (H2A)fE J#d85" ㉓g??Express 3 (Proton)WaG#^ 5 eF??GE StarH P#p5. ??IRIS (Mu 5) (http://koala.astro.isas.ac.jp/iris/iris_E.html)VaOG#^5  N??M-Star]J#d&5" "Z??Mabuhay 2^O J#d(5" k??Millennium`jJ#d,5" &⼉??Morning Starx( P#pP5. °S2!??MSG 2 (Ariane 5, unofficial)]j?J#d&5" K??Netsat 28[J#d"5" k??Orblinkb?J#d05" X*??Orion 7, 8 & 9d`J#d45" ʂM??Panamsat 10 & 11\J#d$5" q??Spaceway^`J#d(5" I1 ??VisionstarfJ#d85" ㉓g??Yamal 203 (Proton).'  2003TD#X 5lateNOAA NZ\G#^&5 L M@??Indostar 4UG#^5 b=??MetopY\D#X*5 ??RosettCa (ESA)bxG#^65 ㉓g??Yamal 301 (Proton).'  2004=x-J#dz5" ??Glast (http://www701.gsfc.nasa.gov/glast/glast.htm)ZJ#d 5" 㪇??Spot 6.-'  2005`J#d,5" 5??Trimilsatcom.C'  2006x(P#pP5. °S2!??MSG 3 (Ariane 5, unofficial).C'  2007W@G#^ 5 Wi<ʉJanNPOESSUJ#d5" ??FIRST (ESA, http://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Projects/First/first.html)R@~M#j5( ??NGST (http://ngst.gsfc.nasa.gov/, http://ecf.hq.eso.org/ngst/ngst.html)9' $ No date or late~B#R5 ??Columbia: 2 telecommunications satellites, 1 for 172E with C-, extended C- and Ku-band and 1 for 47W with C- and extended C-band.YA#R05 ??COMET (Conestoga)\8J#d$5" ɮ6??Coupon 3ZJ#d 5" =z??Elekon\8J#d$5" S??EllipsatZHG#^&5 Ve??Expressway[J#d"5" <`??Gramsat\HJ#d$5" ڒ|??LightsarXWG#^"5 ujj??MarathonMJ#d5" ??OICETS (http://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/oisets_e.html)ZWH J#d 5" _??PaksatZ J#d 5" G??Pansat\H  J#d$5" &Hꉀ??Rocsat 2q' o J#dN5" ?w|??Sich 2 (Cyclone 3 or Zenit 2)]  G#^,5 ۠L`??Simon Bolivarno : P#p<5. ȉ2!??Skynet 4F (Ariane)S  D#X5 ??SMEX 07A:  G#^5 *??SMEX lite (http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/smexlite/)Y n J#d5" W*??SSTP[  J#d"5" ㄋQt??Starsysg#n 0 D#XF5 ??Tubsat C (Russian launcher)\  J#d$5" >*??V-StreamT 0  G#^5 ^o??West$ " 1 51W?5T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&5# 11z@)I")' Dpage intentionally left blank9b1iGO%AbwGlossaryE)5 :"c"  Glossary&b# $A` Tq}q  A)     ADCAnalog to Digital ConversionApogeeThe orbital point were the satellite is furthest from the earthApogee Kick Motor (AKM)A motor on board the satellite that enables the satellite to move from GTO to GEOBandwidthRange on frequency the transponder can transmit, in MHz Give a measure of capacityBOLBegin Of LifeBUDBig Ugly DishCarrier to Noise ratio (C/N)Ratio which express the quality of a signal (the higher the better)41DV zTq}q )    Catalog numberThe number that identifies a satellite, attributed by NASA. See CATNRCDMACode Division Multiple Access. Access method for several stations to go through a single transponder which uses spread spectrum modulations and orthogonal codes.Clarke beltThe geostationary orbit, named after Arthur Clarke that first said that such an orbit should existCOMINTCommunication IntelligenceCONUSContinental United States (all states but Alaska and Hawaii)gAFq Tq}q         CoverageZone where the satellite's signals can be receivedDBSDirect Broadcast SatellitedBWratio of the power to one Watt in decibels (unit used to express EIRP values)DC powerTotal power produced by the solar panels or nuclear reactorDCMEDigital Circuit Multiplication EquipmentDCPData Collection PlatformDownlinkThe satellite to earth signal pathDTHDirect To HomeEIRPEffective Isotropic Radiated PowerTechnical value that evaluates the strength of receive signalsO1DGH ^Tq}q    ELINTElectronic IntelligenceEOLEnd Of LifeFDMAFrequency Division Multiple Access Access method to a transponder by multiple stations each using 1 unique frequencyFootprintA map of EIRP values that express the signal strengths at a given locationS&F:H- *LPq}q Frequencies (GHz if not specified)YGHA#R08HF-band1.8 - 30 MHzZ:HHA#R28VHF-band50 - 146 MHz]HJIA#R88P-band0.230 - 1.000 GHz\HIA#R68UHF-band430 - 1300 MHzYJIIA#R08L-band1.530 - 2.700f%IeJA#RJ8,FCC's digital radio2.310 - 2.360YIJA#R08S-band2.700 - 3.500xeJKP#p8.ھ#ھC-bandDownlink: 3.700 - 4.200Uplink: 5.925 - 6.425Standard US chart (horizontal)Standard US chart (vertical)z8JLB#Tp8X-bandDownlink: 7.250 - 7.745Uplink: 7.900 - 8.395KLM#hE8&&Ku-band (Europe)Downlink:FSS: 10.700 - 11.700DBS: 11.700 - 12.500Telecom: 12.500 - 12.750Uplink:FSS & Telecom: 14.000 - 14.800DBS: 17.300 - 18.100LMJ#d8"(Ku-band (America)Downlink:FSS: 11.700 - 12.200DBS: 12.200 - 12.700Uplink:FSS: 14.000 - 14.500DBS: 17.300 - 17.800=L7NB#Tz8Ka-bandhas multiple acceptations...roughly: 18 - 31 GHzYMNA#R08V-band36 - 51.4 GHz_7NM h%Tq}q    GEOGeostationary Earth OrbitGeostationary orbitThe circular orbit at 35.780 km above the equator. Satellites slotted on this orbit always appear at the same position in the sky. In degrees towards East (E or positive) or West (W or negative) from the Greenwich meridian.G/TUnit N)of measurement for an antenna + LNA Expressed from the gain and and noise temperature. The higher the betterGTOGeostationary Transfer OrbitGeostationary satellites are usually launched on a temporary orbit before being moved to GEO Nf ITq}q   )    Inclined OrbitTerm used for a GEO satellite that has turned off its North/South stabilization. From Earth, such a satellite seems to draw an 8 in the sky; part of the day it is above the Equator, and then below.IOLInter-Orbit LinkLaunch idLaunch number that identifies the flight, see LAUNRLEOLow Earth OrbitLNALow Noise AmplifierLHCPLeft Hand Circular PolarizationPAMPayload Assist ModuleSXa Tq}q       PerigeeThe orbital point were the satellite is closest from the earthPolar orbitOrbit that is perpendicular to the plan of the EquatorPolarizationPlane of vibration of the electrical field of a signal Differerent polarizations enable better frequency re-usePowerThe transponder amplification powerRADINTRadar IntelligenceRHCPRight Hand Circular PolarizationSCPCSingle Channel Per Carrier Access method for a large number of signals to go through a single transponderwf sTq}q    jQv   SIGINTSignal IntelligenceSSPASolid State Power AmplifierTDMATime Division Multiple Access Access system where each station has a time slot for using a unique carrier shared with othersTHEOTwelve Hours Excentric Orbit (Molniya-type orbit)TransponderThe association of a receiver, frequency converter and transmiter devices in a satelliteTWTATraveling Wave Tube AmplifierUplinkThe earth to satellite signal path9X1G$BNPrintingFw5 :$NJ" EIRP maps&# 4 P'  Footprints(x$ AmP ㇜5㕬N9㕬N9K6Q8Q8S7{!KO؝쉂?؝쉂WO^U󉂃WO^Amos 1: Central EuropeAmos 1: Middle EastAnik E1: C-bandAnik E1: Ku-bandAnik E2: C-bandAnik E2: Ku-bandApstar 1: C-bandApstar 1A: C-band horizontalApstar 1A: C-band verticalApstar 2R: C-bandApstar 2R: Ku-bandArabsat 1C: S-bandArabsat 1C: C-bandArabsat 2A: C-bandArabsat 2A: Ku-bandArabsat 2B: C-bandux U󉂃Z۪!剂<扂k+_vVҨYY^ZY<YՉ4 ԉ(uSӪuSӪuSӪEurasiasat 1: West beamEurasiasat 1: East beamEutelsat 1F4: spot beamsEutelsat 1F4: eurobeamEutelsat 1F4: SMS beamEutelsat 1F5: spot beamsEutelsat 1F5: eurobeamEutelsat 1F5: SMS beamEutelsat 2F1: Super beamEutelsat 2F1: Wide beamEutelsat 2F2: Super beamEutelsat 2F2: Wide beamEutelsat 2F3: Super beamEutelsat 2F3: Wide beam7/s ouSӪZ$Q/UOt|72t|70t|77t|7Eutelsat 2F4: Super beamEutelsat 2F4: Wide beamEutelsat 3Express 1: C-band quasi-global A3 & A5Express 1: C-band hemispheric A4Express 1: C-band spot A2Express 1: Ku-band spot A9Express 2: C-band quasi-global A3Express 2: C-band hemispheric A4Express 2: Ku-band spot A9(?$ G+ !!B,BQ!Q`k5ĉnk5ĉB)RB)R㣦@㱦@&RGalaxy 1R: C-band HorizontalGalaxy 1R: C-band VerticalGalaxy 3R: C-band HorizontalGalaxy 3R: C-band VerticalGalaxy 4: C-band HorizontalGalaxy 4: C-band VerticalGalaxy 4: Ku-band HorizontalGalaxy 4: Ku-band VerticalGalaxy 5: C-band HorizontalGalaxy 5: C-band VerticalGalaxy 6: C-band HorizontalGalaxy 6: C-band VerticalGalaxy 7: C-band Horizontal v4 4R~މ~މRRRꉂXTQW$ jv,Galaxy 7: C-band VerticalGalaxy 7: Ku-band HorizontalGalaxy 7: Ku-band VerticalGalaxy 9: C-band HorizontalGalaxy 9: C-band VerticalGalaxy 9: C-band Alaska extendedGalaxy 10: C-bandGalaxy 10: Ku-bandGalaxy 11: C-bandGalaxy 11: Ku-band North AmericaGalaxy 11: Ku-band BrazilGalaxy 11: Ku-band LatinGals 1/2GE 1: C-band(+\ wPvz鉂wPvz鉂 <0r͉p͉t͉o͉u͉}GE 1: Ku-bandGE 2: C-bandGE 2: Ku-bandGE 3: C-bandGE 3: Ku-bandGE 4: C-bandGE 4: Ku-bandGE 5: Ku-bandGorizont 18: C-band global A6Gorizont 18: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 18: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 18: C-band spot A3Gorizont 18: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 20: C-band global A6Gorizont 20: C-band large hemispheric A44z{ ĀGし****w$u$y$t$z$󦉂Gorizont 20: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 21: C-band global A6Gorizont 21: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 21: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 21: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 22: C-band global A6Gorizont 22: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 22: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 22: C-band spot A3Gorizont 22: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 25: C-band global A6\s 󦉂󦉂󦉂]]]]\eZe^eGorizont 25: C-bzwand large hemispheric A4Gorizont 25: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 25: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 26: C-band global A6Gorizont 26: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 26: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 26: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 27: C-band global A6Gorizont 27: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 27: C-band narrow hemispheric A8z{ Ā-_ezĉzĉzĉzĉzĉ # # #! #ʁ.xGorizont 27: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 28: C-band global A6Gorizont 28: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 28: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 28: C-band spot A3Gorizont 28: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 29: C-band global A6Gorizont 29: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 29: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 29: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 30: C-band global A6){ Ā]ǁ.xȁ.x́.x́.xa _ c d Gorizont 30: C-band spot A3Gorizont 30: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 30: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 30: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 31: C-band global A6Gorizont 31: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 31: C-band narrow hemispheric A8Gorizont 31: Ku-band spot A9Gorizont 32: C-band global A6Gorizont 32: C-band large hemispheric A4Gorizont 32: C-band narrow hemispheric A8W[B T㌆ƉN؉Gorizont 32: C-band spot A3Gorizont 32: Ku-band spot A9Gstar 2Gstar 4($ Hz[ p>9wP6鉂p>9wP6鉂}ʃRꉂ\\\\\Hispasat 1A: Direct TVHispasat 1A: Telecommunication to EuropeHispasat 1A: Telecommunication to AmericaHispasat 1B: Direct TVHispasat 1B: Telecommunication to EuropeHispasat 1B: Telecommunication to AmericaHispasat 1CHotbird 1Hotbird 2: superbeamHotbird 2: widebeamHotbird 3: superbeamHotbird 3: widebeamHotbird 4: superbeamC* $2\Hotbird 4: widebeam($ Ih  uw w U؉U؉V#3B0}Z( lj`+ZmEΖVtsInsat 1D: C-bandInsat 2A: C-bandInsat 2B: C-bandInsat 2C: C-band standardInsat 2C: C-band extendedInsat 2E: C-bandIntelsat 502: C-bandIntelsat 502: Ku-bandIntelsat 503: C-bandIntelsat 503: Ku-bandIntelsat 505: C-bandIntelsat 505: Ku-bandIntelsat 506: C-bandIntelsat 506: Ku-bandIntelsat 510: C-bandu  Ry6U݉Qj"|bpQnw»@i*t,w~0݉]!^>!_>!?!]>!^>!_>!?!C‰P&(Palapa B2PPalapa B2RPalapa B4Palapa C1: C-band: Asean & New Zealand beamPalapa C1: C-band: Asean beamPalapa C1: C-band: Asia beamPalapa C1: Ku-bandPalapa C2: C-band: Asean & New Zealand beamPalapa C2: C-band: Asean beamPalapa C2: C-band: Asia beamPalapa C2: Ku-bandPanamsat 1: C-bandPanamsat 1: Ku-band to EuropePanamsat 1: Ku-band to USIN ԀII=IX:1OY:1O;1OvvvV)o艂_2*Panamsat 2: C-band, Pacific RimPanamsat 2: C-band, OceaniaPanamsat 2: Ku-bandPanamsat 3R: C-band beam 1Panamsat 3R: C-band beam 2Panamsat 3R: Ku-bandPanamsat 4: C-band, Africa & AsiaPanamsat 4: C-band, Asia/Middle East horizontalPanamsat 4: C-band, Asia/Middle East verticalPanamsat 4: Ku-bandPanamsat 5: C-bandPanamsat 5: Ku-band, USD LOk  1*)h*h)ho",|"iۉʼn[Lo\LoPanamsat 5: Ku-band, MexicoPanamsat 6: Ku-band, ArgentinaPanamsat 6: Ku-band, BrasilPanamsat 6: Ku-band, NTSCPanamsat 7: C-bandPanamsat 7: Ku-band, India, Europe/Middle East, South AfricaPanamsat 8: C-bandPanamsat 8: Ku-band, Northeast Asia, AustraliaPanamsat 8: Ku-band, Southeast Asia(N $ RO wzOj nS)%[Pdؕ$zE=NwωRaduga 1-1Raduga 1-2Raduga 1-3Raduga 21Raduga 22Raduga 28Raduga 29Raduga 30Raduga 32( $ Sc. 4۠2A`@A`@kk]Mhhٱ`[`[b򉂃\WӯK. 㽱*<2.+uSatcom C1Satcom C3Satcom C4Satcom K1Satcom K2SBS 5SBS 6: HorizontalSBS 6: VerticalSinosat 1: C-bandSinosat 1: Ku-bandSirius 1Sirius 2: EuropeSirius 2: Northern and Central EuropeSirius 2: ScandinaviaSirius 3: ScandinaviaSolidaridad 2: C-bandSolidaridad 2: Ku-bandSpacenet 1: C-bandR Ѐο̉7686rr~ept&4&4z /E/ESpacenet 2: C-bandSpacenet 3R: C-band, 36 MHz transpondersSpacenet 3R: C-band, 72 MHz transpondersSpacenet 3R: Ku-band, East and West spotsST 1: C-bandST 1: Ku-bandSuperbird A2: Ku-bandSuperbird B1: Ku-bandSuperbird C: Japan & HawaiisSuperbird C: North East AsiaSuperbird C: South East Asia(.)$ TT0 4XnXn ㉂HY-m ㅃ,pwۉ(]ӹwۉ(]ӹwۉ(]ӹwۉ&ǵ&ǵ&ǵ_εTDF 1TDF 2TDRS 4: C-bandTDRS 5: C-bandTDRS 6: C-bandTELE XTelecom 2A: C-bandTelecom 2A: Ku-bandTelecom 2B: C-band (*)Telecom 2B: Ku-band (*)Telecom 2C: C-bandTelecom 2C: Ku-bandTelecom 2D: C-bandTelecom 2D: Ku-bandTelstar 301Telstar 302Telstar 303Telstar 401: C-bandv)I r)_εr)9D4uljR}Z}ljljo9XCÇXC~RvRvSvTelstar 401: Ku-bandTelstar 402R: C-bandTelstar 402R: Ku-bandTelstar 5: C-bandTelstar 5: Ku-bandTelstar 6: C-bandTelstar 6: Ku-bandTelstar 7: C-bandTelstar 7: Ku-bandThaicom 1: C-bandThaicom 1: Ku-bandThaicom 2: C-bandThaicom 2: Ku-bandThaicom 3: C-band, quasi globalThaicom 3: C-band, zoneThaicom 3: Ku-bandQ0^ ; 퉂㰬k؆*a5􉂃㪜nIi3WThor 1Thor 2Thor 3Turksat 1B: European & Turkish spots (*)Turksat 1C: Central Europe & TurkeyTurksat 1C: Central Asia & TurkeyTvsat 2*: this footprint is available as a preview in the WWW or the Winhelp edition7Iъ'  O Printing maps}UN( Winhelp is not a very good program for printing. To print a page, use the Print item of the File menu.To print footprints, you should use the following index: clic on one footprint to display it, then use the File Print function and come back to this page with the Back button of the toolbar.Beware: we have noted important variations of the printing quality with Winhelp. Grey colors are seldomly properly printed. Check the grey color configuration in the printer panel. If Winhelp doesn't provide good quality printing you should screen shot and print with an external tool (Paintbrush).`/ъ1rC%lC-band US frequency chart (starting horizontal)w=N%: D|back()"  C-band US frequency chart (starting horizontal) (GHz)&K# _%=#k * X n  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkChannelVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkKǏt#,k3.72015.945=]t#,kǏ]N(5.96523.740Ǐt#,k3.76035.985]qt#,k(6.00543.780t#,k3.80056.025qt#,k(6.04563.820t#,k3.84076.065t#,k(6.08583.860#t#,k3.88096.105t#.k*6.125103.900#9t#.k 3.920116.145t#.k*6.165123.9409Ot#.k 3.960136.185t#.k*6.205143.980Oet#.k 4.000156.225t#.k*6.245164.020e{t#.k 4.040176.265t#.k*6.285184.060{t#.k 4.080196.305t#.k*6.325204.100t#.k 4.120216.3452t#.k*6.365224.140t#.k 4.160236.3852Ht#.k*6.405244.180$l" ^-H1D? C-band US frequency chart (starting vertical)u;l?: Dxback()"  C-band US frequency chart (starting vertical) (GHz)&e# _?W#k * X n  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkChannelVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinket#,k(5.94513.720Wkt#,k3.74025.965 t#,k(5.98533.760k lkt#,k3.78046.005  t#,k(6.02553.800t#,k3.82066.045 4t#,k(6.06573.840t#,k3.86086.0854Ht#,k(6.10593.880t#.k 3.900106.125H^t#.k*6.145113.920t#.k 3.940126.125^tt#.k*6.185133.960t#.k 3.980146.205tt#.k*6.225154.000t#.k 4.020166.245t#.k*6.265174.040+t#.k 4.060186.285t#.k*6.305194.080+A t#.k 4.100206.325 t#.k*6.345214.120A W t#.k 4.140226.365  t#.k*6.385234.160W m t#.k 4.180246.405$  " Am  1 E $ First in HistoryR $ 5 :<NJ" First time in History+ O $ 1957$  9 @1Pǀ=ƀ~~04 OctFirst satellite, first Russian satellite, Russia becomes the 1st space power: Sputnik 0103 NovFirst living creature in space: Sputnik 02+O K $ 1958  9 @Pǀ=ƀ`'[IW01 FebFirst American satellite, America becomes the 2nd space power: Explorer 0118 DecFirst telecommunication satellite: Score+K 7$ 1959b2 0 0dPǀ=ƀ`13 OctFirst meteorology payload: Explorer 07+7$ 1960]-!0 0ZPǀ=ƀ`03 NovFirst NASA satellite: Explorer 08+L$ 1961F!* $8Pǀ=ƀ12 AprFirst man in space+L$ 1962U AI `Pǀ=ƀLV.d$tzzHA 624 FebFirst phone communication & TV broadcast via satellite: Echo 126 AprFirst English satellite: Ariel 110 JulFirst active telecommunication satellite and first time a company launchs a satellite: Telstar 129 SepFirst Canadian satellite: Alouette 1+IA$ 1963HAA* $<Pǀ=ƀ16 JunFirst woman in space+IAA$ 1964AB9 @%Pǀ=ƀsH719 AugFirst geostationary satellite, first geostationary telecommunication satellite: Syncom 315 DecFirst Italian satellite: San Marco 1+AB$ 1965OB1C0 0Pǀ=ƀ;S26 NovFirst French satellite, France becomes the 3rd space power: Astrix+B\C$ 1967f1CC8 @Pǀ=ƀScaω05 NovFirst geostationary meteorology payload: ATS 329 NovFirst Australian satellite: Wresat+\C%D$ 1968]-CD0 0ZPǀ=ƀb17 MayFirst European satellite: ESRO 2B+%DD$ 1969wED$E2 4Pǀ=ƀKU21 JulFirst man on the moon08 NovFirst German satellite: Azur+DOE$ 1970$E^FA PPǀ=ƀ~gO]YU!(v&11 FebFirst Japanese satellite, Japan becomes the 4th space power: Ohsumi10 MarFirst launch from Kourou: Mika24 AprFirst Chinese satellite, China becomes the 5th space power: Dong Fang Hong 01+OEF$ 1971V^FG0 0Pǀ=ƀ'S*28 OctFirst English launched satellite, UK becomes the 6th space power: Prospero+F:G$ 1974GHHI `Pǀ=ƀSDmgS?a׉30 MayFirst direct broadcasting satellite: ATS 630 AugFirst Dutch satellite: ANS15 NovFirst Spanish satellite: Intasat19 DecFirst civilian satellite 3-axis stabilized: Symphonie 1+:GsH$ 1975]-HHH0 0ZPǀ=ƀG19 MayFirst Indian satellite: Aryabhata+sHH$ 1976a1H\I0 0bPǀ=ƀ:908 JulFirst Indonesian satellite: Palapa A1+HI$ 1978e5\II0 0jPǀ=ƀL$24 OctFirst Czechoslovakian satellite: Magion 1+IJ$ 1980YIJ0 0Pǀ=ƀ~Oa18 JulFirst Indian launched satellite, India becomes the 7th space power: Rohini 1B+JJ$ 1981iJlK8 @Pǀ=ƀ㥜bԉ12 AprFirst manned launch of the Shuttle: STS 0107 AugFirst Bulgarian satellite: Intercosmos 22+JK$ 1984lKTL9 @ Pǀ=ƀ*06 AprFirst satellite repared in orbit by the shuttle: SMM16 NovFirst time satellites were brought back from space: STS 19+KL$ 1985_TLM8 @Pǀ=ƀb􉂃F08 FebFirst Brazilian satellite: Brasilsat A117 JunFirst Mexican satellite: Morelos 1+LAM$ 1986[+MM0 0VPǀ=ƀ1ĉ22 FebFirst Swedish satellite: Viking+AMM$ 1988M~N8 @Pǀ=ƀf(~19 SepFirst Israeli satellite, Israel becomes the 8th space power: Offek 111 DecFirst Luxemburger satellite: Astra 1A+MN$ 1990Y~N:O8 @Pǀ=ƀ U(22 JanFirst Argentine satellite: Lusat16 JulFirst Pakistanese satellite: Badr A+NeO$ 1992b2:OO0 0dPǀ=ƀ10 AugFirst South Korean satellite: Kitsat A+eO $ 1993O  UO8 @Pǀ=ƀVFˉ25 SepFirst Portugese satellite: Posat18 DecFirst Thai satellite: Thaicom 1+ Ā$ 1994_/#0 0^Pǀ=ƀmvm10 AugFirst Turkish satellite: Turksat 1B+ĀN$ 1995#EA PmPǀ=ƀ>w|3д%?J$31 AugFirst Ukrainian satellite: Sich 131 AugFirst Chilean satellite: Fasat AlfaSepPanAmSat becomes the first private company ever to provide global satellite services.+Np$ 1996_/Eς0 0^Pǀ=ƀ12 JanFirst Malaysian satellite: Measat 1+p$ 1997c2ς]1 2dPǀ=ƀn19 AugFirst Philippine satellite: Mabuhay 1($ 8]1 4h)FSAbrixas8 , (" AbrixasY6N# lA Broadband Imaging X-Ratz All-shy Survey Satellite1 '  GeneralYN؄G#^$") Designationd#<A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Feb 1999n!؄M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyw*<!M#jT"H̀_BMissionAstronomy: X-ray astronomyZ{A#R2"Perigee/Apogee500 kmT!φA#R&Inclination51L {A#RPeriodeφG#^<" &Launch vehicleCosmos 3M]݇A#R8Launch siteKapustin YarLj% DARA satellite developped with the help of the GFZ Postdam, Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics Garching, and the astronomy and astrophysics institute of the Tubingen university. <݇' *O External resourcesLj/ ,http://www.aip.de:8080/~friedric/abrixas/abrixas_start.htmlhttp://zarm9.zarm.uni-bremen.de/2forschung/raumfahrt/abrixas/abrixas.html8' "(OTechnical data8-' " Specifications`A#R>&Prime contractorOHB SystemN -ۊA#RPlatformZ5A#R2"Mass at launch450 kgSۊA#R$ Mass in orbit^5A#R:Dimension2.5 x 3 x 1.2 mQ7A#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN 7،A#RDC powerU-A#R($Design lifetime&،S# 1-1WG؍T+S؍) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 5؍31)*H3qACeS>q, (&" Program: ACeS-39 @ "ZAsia Cellular Satellite systemMobile telecommunication satellite project to be operated by ACeS Regional Services Co., Ltd. ACeS is equally owned by Indonesia's PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (see M2A), the Philippines Long Distance Telephone Company (see Mabuhay) and Thailand's Jasmine International Overseas Company Ltd which is a qsubdiary of Jasmine International Public Company Ltd JASM.BK The global cost is evaluated at $1 billionThe system will provide voice, facsimile, and pager services through new satellites to hand-held mobile and fixed terminals throughout Southeast Asia, India, and China. ACeS will allow a person to use the same Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) based number for both mobile and cellular telephones while traveling throughout Asia. A dual-mode satellite-cellular handset, capable of communicating directly with the satellite as well as connecting up with local terrestrial cellular and fixed networks, will be manufactured by Ericsson Corp. of Sweden. ^q,$ The ACeS system is expected to be commercial from January 1999, later deferred to mid-1999<h' * External resourcesY2,' dhttp://goldsite.com/Profile/Jasmine/jas14.html&h# 8' "(OTechnical data % Two satellites and all ground installation are to be build by LM Astro Space for $650 million Those could be called Garuda. Planned for 1999, will be launched on Proton (launch cost: $70 million)2 >'  OverviewS A#R$ Orbit typeGEOY>A#R0 Orbit rangecircularb!LA#RB &Nb of satellites1 + 1 backupSA#R$ Nb of planes1SLA#R$ Inclination0^PA#R: 2Nb beams per satellite12TA#R& ModulationTDMA^PA#R: *Mobile frequenciesL-band[]A#R4 "Satellite mass4500 kgN A#R CoverageZ]A#R2 &Operational date1999&+# 8c' " Specificationse$+A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinScA#R$PlatformA2100[vA#R4"Mass at launch4400 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitOvA#RDimensionQiA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN i A#RDC power`jA#R>$Design lifetime12-15 years& # 0 j'  L-bandWA#R,(Main transpondersYpA#R0,Backup transpondersK A#RPowerOp A#RBandwidthN XA#RCoverageJ A#REIRPRXA#R"Polarizations$ 2 antennas each 12 m diameter (to be built by Harris Aerospace (US))11000 simultaneous telephone communications11WIBT+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&B# 5w18 h)~*Jw ACTS= B2 4"  ACTSV0w & ` Advanced Communications Technology Satellite1 ;'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22796 / 93058B\;A#R6Launch date12 Sep 1993t'rM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States^J#d("T@^gOperatorNASAo"r?M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit100Wj?M#j:" &ΛLaunch vehicleSTS 51% %Experimental satellite intended to develop Ka-band mobile services to VSAT terminals from high-data rate personal and transportable terminals.<' *O External resources\. ,http://kronos.lerc.nasa.gov/acts/acts.htmlhttp://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/acts.html8' "(OTechnical data8' " Specificationsd#`A#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro Space^A#R:PlatformGE 4000 modified[`A#R4"Mass at launch2545 kgZsA#R2 Mass in orbit1555 kgd#A#RFDimensions2.03 x 2.13 x 1.92 mYs0A#R0 Stabilization3 axislB#TDC powerBOL: 1770 W (batteries: 2 NiCd of 19 AH each)EOL: 1418 W (no payload operation during eclipse)\0: A#R6$Design lifetime4 yearsv5 A#Rj,Telemetry & CommandKa-band with backup in C-bandk: @ % Orbit control: Blowdown Hydrazine System with redundant thrusters and 4 tanksStationkeeping: +/- 0.051 q '  Ka-bandX@  A#R.(Main transponders4Yq " A#R0,Backup transpondersV x A#R*Power40 W (TWTA)V"  A#R*Bandwidth900 MHzx  C#TMCoverageA beam-forming network of 45 horns gives a coverage of about 20% of CONUS providing 3 x 0.3 fixed beamsThere is a single 1.0 mechanically steered beamK E C#VEIRP maxspot beam: 60 dBWcontiguous sectors: 59 dBWsteerable: 53 dBWR  A#R"Polarization$E  " 8  1*a*K +NAdeos 18 +, (" Adeos 1lI # Advanced Earth Observing Satellite, also called Midori (means "green")1 +'  Generalg /G#^@") Designation24277 / 96046A\A#R6Launch date17 Aug 1996l/ @M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan @ _k@J#d*OperatorNASDAk @@M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^k@4AA#R:"Perigee/Apogee800/830 kmV@AA#R*Inclination98.6S4AAA#R$Period101 minZA7BG#^&Cycle41 daysiABM#j8" &JLaunch vehicleH2 #4g@7BF' To acquire global observation data corresponding to enviromental changes, such as global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, decrease of tropical rain forests, occurrence of unusual weather, etc. it will also help develop the platform bus interorbit data relay technologies necessary for next-generation Earth Observation Systems. The satellite encountered several problems after launch: first a thruster problem which required to use the 20 N adjusters to reach final orbit; then on 24th September 1996 the satellite shutdown all nonessential systems. At the same time a scanning mirror used by the Interferomic Monitor for Greenhouse Gases became stuck on 20 September. Also, it was found that cosmic radiations affected the on-board computer. In late 1996 it was also found that the OCTS instrument has a mirror blocked.CBJF$ >Satelite cost: $474 million<FF' *O External resourcesJFG= Hhttp://www.eoc.nasda.go.jp/guide/guide/satellite/satdata/adeos_e.htmlhttp://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/adeos/adeos.htmlhttp://www.spacer.com/spacenet/text/adeos-e.htmlhttp://mentor.eorc.nasda.go.jp/ADEOS/index.html5FG'  End of life_G4HA#R<"Out of service30 Jun 1997fGHA#RCauseelectrical failure caused by the solar array paddle break itself caused by improper maneuver&4HI# 8H9I' "(OTechnical data8IqI' " Specifications`9IIA#R>&Prime contractorMitsubishiN qIJA#RPlatform[IzJA#R4"Mass at launch3500 kgSJJA#R$ Mass in orbitZzJ'KA#R2Dimension4 x 4 x 5 mYJKA#R0Solar array3 x 26 mY'KKA#R0 Stabilization3-axisTK-LA#R&DC power4500 W\KLA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsp-L$M+ &ˎTelemetry/data at: 2220, 8150, 8250, 8350 MHz perhaps also 467.7 MHz?Ka-band inter orbit links to Comets2 LVM' O Payloadsi$MN+ $Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS)Advanced Visible and NearInfrared Radiometer (AVNIR)NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT)Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's reflectances (POLDER)Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases (IMG)Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)Retroreflector in Space (RIS)8VM"O1~*+L"OZOUAdeos 28 NZO, (" Adeos 2\9"OO# rAdvanced Earth Observing Satellite, also called Midori1 ZO '  GeneralO NYOeG#^$") DesignationU A#R(Launch date1999le&M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_J#d*OperatorNASDAk&M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^NA#R:"Perigee/Apogee800/830 kmVA#R*Inclination98.6SNA#R$Period101 minZQG#^&Cycle41 daysgM#j4" &JLaunch vehicleH2?&Qރ# <' *O External resourcesrKރ' http://hdsn.eoc.nasda.go.jp/guide/guide/satellite/satdata/adeos2_e.html8Ą' "(OTechnical data}XA% Mass: 3.5 tonsDownlink: 465.9875 or 468.875 MHz (EIRP > 27.1 dBm)Uplink: 401.65 MHz2 Ąs' O PayloadsAU( uGlobal Imager (GLI)Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR)Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS 2)Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's reflectances (POLDER)1s1WMچT+Uچ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 6چ61a*B+N6l-AEM 16 l, (" AEM 1V6, (  Application Explorer Satellite, also called HCMM (Heat Capacity Mapping Mission)1 l'  Generalg G#^@") Designation10818 / 78041A\A#R6Launch date26 Apr 1978t'VM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States@M#j"H̀郉MissionScientific: Remote sensing (Earth thermal study)^VAA#R:"Perigee/Apogee560/641 kmVA#R*Inclination97.6TAA#R&Period96.7 minm XM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #98&~# 5X'  End of lifeV~ A#R*Decay26 Apr 1978$-" 6 c1+H+OcdAEM 26 -, (" AEM 2bc*/ .   Application Explorer Satellite, also called SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment)1 ['  Generalg *G#^@") Designation11270 / 79013A\[A#R6Launch date18 Feb 1979t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^nA#R:"Perigee/Apogee456/506 kmTA#R&Inclination55Tn"A#R&"-Period94.2 minm M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #99&"# 5'  End of lifeV@A#R*Decay11 Apr 1989$d" 6@1B++PbAEM 3: d/ ."  AEM 3`74) "n  Application Explorer Satellite, also called Magsat1 e'  Generalg 4G#^@") Designation11604 / 79094A\e(A#R6Launch date30 Oct 1979t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States{4(G#^h"H̀MissionScientific: Earth magnetic field study^uA#R:"Perigee/Apogee352/561 kmVA#R*Inclination96.8TuA#R&Period93.7 minn!M#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #101&# 5'  End of lifeV>A#R*Decay11 Jun 1980$b" ?>1pH+t,Q+Program: AerosKb5 :.o " Program: Aeros?+# 8German scientific program1\1R\b(+: DP˜klProgram: AerosAeros 1Aeros 28\1p+S:Aeros 1D:5 : o " Aeros 17q# (Also called GRS B1 :'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation06315 / 72100A\eA#R6Launch date16 Dec 1972n! M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyy,eLM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee223/867 kmVLA#R*Inclination96.9TTA#R&Period95.6 minm M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #83ZTA#R2"Mass at launch127 kg&A# 5v'  End of lifeVAA#R*Decay22 Aug 1973$v" 8(1+T(lAeros 2Dl5 : o " Aeros 21 ('  Generalg lG#^@") Designation07371 / 74055A\`A#R6Launch date16 Jul 1974n!M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyy,`GM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee224/869 kmVG A#R*Inclination97.5 T`A#R&Period95.6 minm M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #88Z`'A#R2"Mass at launch127 kg&M# 5''  End of lifeVMA#R*Decay25 Sep 1975$" 951M+\,U5zAfristarEz5 :"$eT" Afristar95# ,Also called AfriBSS1 z'  GeneralY=G#^$") Designationd#A#RFLaunch dateplanned in mid-1998_=G#^0"N ,Country of origino"oM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit21Ejo6M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane{$ The satellite might not be placed in GEO right after the launch in order to wait for the other satellites of the series86 ' "(Technical dataU4 80|SpecificationsL-bandOnboard signal processingFreq: 2.21242 or 2.21415 GHz1 1WVAT+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&A# @1t,,WcProgram: Agrani@A, (*" Program: Agrani$ ( Wireless satellite telecommunications system for India: 2 geostationary satellites operated by Afro-Asian Satellite Communications Ltd. ASC is backed by India's Essel GroupOrdered from Hughes for $700 million; project worth $850 millionenhanced HS-601s with very large antennas, to provide direct links with handheld radios from Clarke orbit. One will cover Africa, the other central Asia from Moscow to Singapore. Gallium-arsenide solar cells and Hughes xenon-ion stationkeeping engines will be used.4 % One satellite will serve mobile users in 54 countries in Asia, the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent. The other satellite will be focused on Africa. Launch dates are tentatively set for late 1997 and mid 1998. Both satellites will be modified HS-601 spacecraft2 K '  OverviewS  A#R$ Orbit typeGEOYK  A#R0 Orbit rangecircularb! Y A#RB &Nb of satellites1 + 1 backupS  A#R$ Nb of planes1SY  A#R$ Inclination0_ ^ A#R< 2Nb beams per satellite300T  A#R& ModulationTDMA^^ A#R: *Mobile frequenciesS-band[ kA#R4 "Satellite mass4600 kgx7A#Rn Coverage20E - 120E longitudes, 70N - 30N latitudesZk=A#R2 &Operational date1999&c# 1=1WX @2@T+c @) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register @c&2@# 7 @i@1X\,,Yi@@HAjisai7 2@@, (" AjisaiH%i@@# JMeans "hydrangea", also called EGP1 @A'  Generalg @AG#^@") Designation16908 / 86061A\AAA#R6Launch date12 Aug 1986lAHBM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanp#ABM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`HBCA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1479/1497 kmTBlCA#R&Inclination50UCCA#R(Period115.7 minflC'DM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1C8E% Japanese satellite designed to provide an orbiting benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth. Laser retroflectors are mounted on the surface of the spherical satellite to return incident laser radiation to its point of origin.<'DtE' * External resourcesZ8EE( http://gauss.crl.go.jp/targets/ajisai.htmlhttp://www.auslig.gov.au/geodesy/ajisai.htm8tE.F' "(OTechnical data8EfF' " SpecificationsZ.FFA#R2"Mass at launch685 kgTfFGA#R&Diameter2.15 mZFnGA#R2 StabilizationpassiveY2GH' eIt featured 1436 (120 sets) Corner-cube Reflectors and 318 Sunlight Reflection MirrorsMission: accurate measurement of the satellite's position with respect to Earth; readjustment of domestic triangulation net for accurate map-making; establishment of ocean geodetic net to position outlying islands.7nGH1^ ,-ZH5IƅAlexis7 H5I, (" Alexis7HlI# (Also called P89-11 5II'  Generalg lIJG#^@") Designation22638 / 93026A\I`JA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1993t'JJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesR`J&KA#R"OperatorLANLv)JKM#jR"H̀_BMissionScientific: EUV astronomyZ&KKA#R2"Perigee/Apogee800 kmTKJLA#R&Inclination70L KLA#RPeriodn!JLMM#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #49L=M$ *Cost: $17 million<MyM' *O External resourcesW0=MM' `http://nis-www.lanl.gov/nis-projects/alexis/%yM& When Alexis was launched, a bracket that had been damaged during ground testing broke loose, leaving one of the satellite's four solar panels dangling by only its electrical cabling and throwing off the carefully determined balance of the spin-stabilized spacecraft. When the Alexis team restored contact with the satellite more than two months after launch they discovered that not only did it have a serious wobble, but the spacecraft's magnetometer, which was intended to determine the satellite's orientation by senMHsing Earth's magnetic field lines, had broken when the solar paddle came loose. The Los Alamos science team and the manufacturers came up with a way to determine the satellite's orientation in May 1994. Since then it has been quite successful.M% Alexis was designed to monitored the sky in three narrow energy bands between 0.06 and 0.1 keV; it also carried the Blackbeard experiment to study ionospheric effects on radio transmissions.8 ' "(OTechnical data8X' " Specificationsd# A#RF&Prime contractorAero Astro IncN X A#RPlatformZdA#R2"Mass at launch115 kgS A#R$ Mass in orbith'dA#RNDimension1 m high x 0.6 m diameterQpA#R Solar arrayj)ڄA#RR Stabilizationspin stabilized (2 rpm)Rp,A#R"DC power50 W[ڄA#R4$Design lifetime1 year?,ƅ$ 6S-band telemetry & data51,-[0Alos5 ƅ0, (" AlosG$w# HAdvanced Land Observing Satellite1 0'  GeneralYwG#^$") Designation`aA#R>Launch dateplanned in 2002l͇M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_a,J#d*OperatorNASDAk͇M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingT,A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ<A#R InclinationL A#RPeriodS <ۉG#^Cycle_:G#^0" &Launch vehicleH2AV*ۉ, (TZMass: 3900 kgHigh resolution JERS <:̊' *O External resourcesX1$' bhttp://eos-p71b.hq.nasda.go.jp/alos/alos.html8̊\' "(OTechnical data3 $( PRISM: Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (2.5 m resolution)AVNIR-2: Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (10 m resolution)PALSAR: Phased Array Lband Synthetic Aperture Radar (10 m resolution, L-band)Onboard storage: MDR, 706 Gb1\1W\:T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&:# B|1r-B-]|ʍ Program: AlouetteN:ʍ5 :4n݀" Program: AlouetteA| # <Canadian scientific program1ʍ<1^<k1 : Db"H6I6Program: AlouetteAlouette 1Alouette 2; <1f-_)vAlouette 1G)5 :&n݀" Alouette 11 Z'  Generalg )G#^@") Designation00424 / 62049A\Z)A#R6)Launch date29 Sep 1962m M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanaday,)M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_nA#R<"Perigee/Apogee988/1021 kmVA#R*Inclination80.5UnA#R(Period105.2 minp#M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[A#R4Launch siteVandenbergZ>A#R2"Mass at launch145 kg&d# <>' * External resourcesf?d' ~http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/database/www-nmc?62-049A8>' "(OTechnical data8v# *Frequency: 136 MHz; >1-`Alouette 2Gv5 :&n݀" Alouette 21 )'  Generalg G#^@") Designation01804 / 65098A\)A#R6Launch date29 Nov 1965m YM#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanaday,M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_Y1A#R<"Perigee/Apogee499/2706 kmVA#R*Inclination79.8U1A#R(Period118.3 minp#LM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[A#R4Launch siteVandenbergZLA#R2"Mass at launch147 kg&'# <c' * External resourcesf?'' ~http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/database/www-nmc?65-098A1c1^a4a:4, (" Amazonico-a& Remote sensing satellite to be developped by Brazil and Malaysia. It should cost $37 million and be put into orbit in 1998The satellite should cover the whole amazonian region to monitor the preservation of natural resources and facilitate weather forecasts.141Wb T+a) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # 7C1-C.cCzAmos 17 z, (" Amos 1L)C# RAffordable Modular Optimised Satellite1 z'  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation23865 / 96030B\A#R6Launch date16 May 1996m ^'M#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsraeljP#p4(BOperatorSpacecomo"'M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\\A#R6,Geostationary orbit4Wn!M#jB" &2!Launch vehicleAriane V86\% Cost: $250 mill ion. The Israeli government supports the program since 1991 with $15 million per year. Launch was insured for over $145 million The satellite was operational on 1st July 19968' "(OTechnical data=2' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Q!0 0B⇜5Central EuropeMiddle East82' " Specificationsv51A#Rj&Prime contractorIsrael Aircraft Industries (IAI)RA#R"PlatformAMOSZ1A#R2"Mass at launch961 kgY6A#R0 Mass in orbit580 kgd#A#RFDimensions2.33 x 2.39 x 2.07 m]6A#R8Solar array10.55 m spanYPA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYA#R0DC powerBOL: 1231 W]PA#R8$Design lifetime10 years&,# =i' , Ku-band (11/14 GHz)X,A#R.(Main transponders7ZiA#R2,Backup transponders2OjA#RPower34 WUA#R(Bandwidth72 MHzKjXN#l*5⇜CoverageMiddle East: 3 transpondersCentral Europe: 4 transpondersTA#R&EIRP max54 dBWTXA#R&G/T max14 dB/KWWA#R,SFD max-74 dBW/m\A#R6PolarizationLinear H/VAW6 B#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.17 - 14.5 GHzDownlink: 11 - 11.45 GHz&\ # K$6  ' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)K\ l z#Ā  > l TransponderPolarizationDownlink FrequencyUplink Frequencyz  c#.1V10.99014.040zl ` c#.2V11.07414.124z  c#.3V11.15814.208z` T c#.7H11.15814.208z  c#.8H11.24214.292zT H c#.9H11.32614.376{  c#0  10H11.41014.460zH =c#.4V11.49214.292z c#.5V11.57614.376z=1c#.6V11.66014.460_$ Horizontal transponders are to Central Europe, Vertical transponders are to the Middle East11 @1d @^@ @R"^@0 0F"Amos 1's Central Europe EIRP1 @@1e@@O^@@0 0@"Amos 1's Middle East EIRP7@A1B-g.fASAHAmos 2>@SA, (&" Amos 2? CERS?L&AA& L Also called Magyarsat or Maggarsat1 SAA'  GeneralYA)BG#^$") DesignationUA~BA#R(Launch date1998m )BBM#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsraelo"~BZCM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\BCA#R6,Geostationary orbit4WcZCDG#^8" &Launch vehicleProton?QCjDA#R Launch siteY/DE* "_4 transponders would be reserved to Hungary. Hungarian Broadcasting Corp. (Nasdaq: HBCO) could bring 69% of the money, the remaining 31% would be shared 50/50 by Antenna Hungaria Rt. (state-owned) and IAI (also state-owned). Cost: $150 millionIn early 1998 the project is said to be abandonned.8jDE' "(OTechnical dataS,ENF' X Ku-band (10.95 - 11.2 & 11.45 - 11.7 GHz)YEFA#R0(Main transponders16YNFGA#R0,Backup transpondersK FKGA#RPowerUGGA#R(Bandwidth36 MHze$KGHA#RHCoverageat least Central EuropeTGYHA#R&EIRP max50 dBWRHHA#R"Polarization$YHH" 1HI1WgITIzIT+HTI) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&IzI# ?TII1C.D/hIJlLProgram: AMPTEKzIJ5 :. " Program: AMPTEIK) s Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer ExplorersInternational scientific program; composed of 3 small satellites launched together in geostationary transfer orbit. CCE separated and fired its Star 13 rocket to move to a lower inclination orbit. The IRM satellite then fired its Hercules BE-3 motor to raise its apogee to more than 100 000 km. Finally the British UKS satellite separated from IRM (UKS didn't have propulsion of its own).<J"L' *O External resourcesJ#KlL' Fhttp://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/AMPTE/1"LL1iLMy8lLMA Rp㖨ԜZ=nProgram: AMPTEAMPTE CCEAMPTE IRMAMPTE UKS: LPM1X/jPMMIAMPTE CCEJMM8 @& " AMPTE CCE1 PMM'  Generalg M2NG#^@") Designation15199 / 84088A\MNA#R6Launch date16 Aug 1984t'2NOM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States{.N}OM#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere studya OOA#R@"Perigee/Apogee1121/49671 kmU}O?A#R(O?MInclination4.8UOA#R(Period939.5 mins&?M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #175BI$ <Built by Johns Hopkins APL: 1./kɁ"AMPTE IRMFIɁ5 :$ " AMPTE IRM1 '  Generalg ɁaG#^@") Designation15200 / 84088B\A#R6Launch date16 Aug 1984n!a+M#jB"N , Country of originGermany{.M#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere studya +A#R@"Perigee/Apogee560/120000 kmT[A#R&Inclination27VA#R*Period2653.4 mins&[$M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #175P,t$ XBuilt by the German Max Planck MPE group5$'  End of lifeUtA#R(Decay~ Nov 1987$"" : \1$X/l\AMPTE UKSF"5 :$ " AMPTE UKS1 \ӆ'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation15201 / 84088C\ӆA#R6Launch date16 Aug 1984u(: M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdom{.M#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere studyb! A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1002/113417 kmV>A#R*Inclination26.9VA#R*Period2659.6 mins&>M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #175j$ The IRM satellite created 3 'artifical comets' by releasing lithium and barium into the magnetosphere.> ӊ1g.R/mӊProgram: AMRC>, (&" Program: AMRCӊ݌4 61Ng'䉂US satellite program for broadcast of digital radio, operated by AMRC. AMRC is owned by AMSC, Worldspace, Hughes and Alcatel.Two HS-702 satellites were ordered from Hughes to be delivered in orbit in April and August 2000. An option for a 3rd satellite is included.Alcatel Espace of France, will provide the 9.5-kilowatts, S-band (2332.5-2345 MHz band), Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS) payload.1 ' O ContactM(݌[% PAmerican Mobile Radio Corp.Reston VA&# 1[1Wn,T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&,# = i1D//oiGProgram: AMS=,, ($" Program: AMSsiG. , 9Advanced Meteorological SatelliteMilitary meteorological American program; see DMSP. 3 satellites launched.7~1 R/0p~AMSC 17 G, (" AMSC 1M*~# TAmerican Mobile Satellite Corporation 1G1 ?'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23553 / 95019A[?A#R4Launch date7 Apr 1995t'uM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesfP#p,(NgOperatorAMSCo"uJM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit101Wq$J!M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur 3 4kNgLwOperated by AMSC. This satellite is a twin of MSAT 1. Both satellites were ordered at the same time (with separate contracts). Both operators will provide complementary mobile telephone, radio, data, and positioning service to land, aviation, and maritime users. Each operator also will provide the other with backup and restoration capacity.While testing a transmission was sent to the satellite which caused certain components of the communication payload to overheat. The overheating damaged one of eight output hybrid matrix ports that serve the spotbeams covering the Eastern and Central United States. The other seven hybrid ports are operating in accordance with specifications. The remaining four spotbeams, covering the Mountain and Western portions of the United States, Alaska, Hawaii and the Caribbean, were not affected. Furthermore, adjustments in the operation of the satellite will be made to compensate for the power loss.!' ;The satellite experienced in mid-1995, on separate occasions the shutdown of two solid state power amplifiers (SSPA) serving the Mountain, Central, Alaska/Hawaii and Caribbean spotbeams. These spotbeams were designed to be served by eight SSPAs with two spares. As a result of these unusual occurrences, AMSC is currently operating these spotbeams in a seven SSPA configuration which preserves one spare SSPA for such spot beams.Was leased to African Continental Telecommunications Ltd (ACTEL) of Gibraltar through 2003. The cost is $182 million. The satellite should be moved over Africa in mid-1998. ACTEL has signed with Telesat for TT&C services (building 2 earth stations + modifying 2 others) and the procurement of a new satellite by 2002. The 2 new earth stations will be in Gibraltar and Southern Africa. The total investments of ACTEL is $835 million. ACTEL has a South African subsidiary Elcor Holdings Ltd. { l$ The satellite should move to 106.5W fro two months for demonstration purposes before actually being moved over Africa.8' "(OTechnical data8l' " SpecificationsEcB#T&Prime contractorHughesHughes (bus) and SPAR Aerospace (payload)TA#R&PlatformHS-601[cA#R4"Mass at launch2550 kgZlA#R2 Mass in orbit1510 kgd#A#RFDimension2.5 m x 3.5 m x 7.9 m]l-A#R8Solar array20.96 m spanYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisY-A#R0DC powerBOL: 3600 W]<A#R8$Design lifetime12 years % Springback antennas: 6.7 x 4.9 m x 20 kg (for launch the 2 antennas as rolled together into a 4.9 m high cone shape atop the satellite)< GN'<Z' N L-band (1545-1559/1646.5-1660.5 MHz)Y A#R0(Main transponders16ZZ A#R2,Backup transponders4VcA#R*Power38 W (SSPA)O A#RBandwidthWcLC#VCoverageNorth America (4 spot beams)Alaska and Hawaii (1 beam)Carribean (1 beam)TA#R&EIRP max58 dBWEL' =Total bandwith: 3200 x 5 KHzEach beam transponder is equipped with eight surface acoustic wave filters covering the 29 MHz L-band allocation, allowing selection of filters to math traffic needs and to coordinate with other international users. Frequency reuse is incorporated between the North American east and west beams. The beams are combined into two L-band power pools, one covering the east and central beams, and the other covering the remaining service areas. Each power pool is generated by a hybrid matrix amplifier assembly.1 '  Ku-bandXnA#R.(Main transponders1ZA#R2,Backup transponders2WnA#R,Power100 W (TWTA)OnA#RBandwidthy8A#RpCoverageCONUS, Carribean, Canada, Alaska and HawaiiTn;A#R&EIRP max36 dBWRA#R"Polarization$;" A1/#0q3 Program: AndesatA3, (," Program: Andesat - (y 󉂂Satellite telecommunication program of the Andean countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). The satellite system should be called Simon Bolivar. It should cost $300 millionFor the moment (before a satellite is launched) the company should lease capacity from Satmex The group has the 67, 78.5, 106 and 109W slots registered with the ITU, all in coordination phase. The first satellite should be launched in late 2000.1 3M ' O ContactD  % >Andesat S.A. E.M.A.Columbia<M  ' *O External resourcesM&  ' Lhttp://www.aseta.org.ec/simonb.htm1 K 1WrK   T+  ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&K  # >  105s M Program: AnikJ M 5 :, żG" Program: Anik~ : B Iu;KVIn Eskimo language Anik means "brother". The name was choosen from a national contest to name the program in 1969.Canadian system owned by Telesat Canada. Canada was the first country to start a domestic telecommunication system because of it's large territory and distributions of its inhabitants. In 1998 the DBS satellite has its name selected from a contest: Nimiq.1M 61=t6B B Ѐ?QQ@QQAQQjQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQRQProgram: AnikAnik A1Anik A2Anik A3Anik B1Anik C1Anik C2Anik C3Anik D1Anik D2Anik E1Anik E2Anik F116s1UusBC=B# 4Anik A's specificationsVs@A#R*0&Prime contract@BorN `@A#R0PlatformZ@@A#R20"Mass at launch560 kgY`@AA#R00 Mass in orbit295 kgS@fAA#R$0Diameter1.9 mRAAA#R"0Height3.54 mb!fABA#RB0 Stabilizationspin-stabilized|;ABA#Rv0DC power250 W minimum (full 46-day eclipse capability)\BBA#R60$Design lifetime7 years$BC" 1BGC1UvGCEE5C|C# $Anik A's C-bandYGCCA#R00(Main transponders12Y|C.DA#R00,Backup transpondersK CyDA#R0PowerU.DDA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN yDEA#R0CoverageTDpEA#R&0EIRP max33 dBWREEA#R"0Polarization$pEE" 1EF1UwFII=ETF# 4Anik B's specificationsVFFA#R*0&Prime contractorN TFFA#R0PlatformTFLGA#R&0"Mass at launchSFGA#R$0 Mass in orbitL LGGA#R0LengthK G6HA#R0WidthL GHA#R0HeightS6HHA#R$0 StabilizationN H#IA#R0DC power\HIA#R60$Design lifetime7 years$#II" 1II1UxIOLsL5I J# $Anik B's C-bandYIbJA#R00(Main transponders12Y JJA#R00,Backup transpondersK bJKA#R0PowerUJ[KA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN KKA#R0CoverageT[KKA#R&0EIRP max36 dBWRKOLA#R"0Polarization$KsL" 1OLL1UyLOCO6sLL# &Anik B's Ku-bandXL2MA#R.0(Main transponders6YLMA#R00,Backup transpondersK 2MMA#R0PowerUM+NA#R(0Bandwidth72 MHzN MyNA#R0CoverageT+NNA#R&0EIRP max47 dBWRyNOA#R"0Polarization$NCO" 1OtO1UztO=COO# 4Anik C's specifications\tOA#R60&Prime contracOCOtorHughesTOmA#R&0PlatformHS-376[ȀA#R40"Mass at launch1160 kgYm!A#R00 Mass in orbit563 kgTȀuA#R&0Diameter2.16 ma !ցA#R@0Height6.6 m (2.84 m stowed)b!u8A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedYցA#R00DC powerBOL: 1135 W]8A#R80$Design lifetime10 years$" 1C1U{Cх6y# &Anik C's Ku-bandYC҃A#R00(Main transponders16Zy,A#R20,Backup transponders4V҃A#R*0Power15 W (TWTA)U,ׄA#R(0Bandwidth54 MHzN %A#R0CoverageTׄyA#R&0EIRP max48 dBWX%хA#R.0Polarizationlinear$y" 1х&1U|&=c# 4Anik D's specificationsH&A#R0&Prime contractorSpar Aerospace with technology licensed from HughesTc@A#R&0PlatformHS-376[A#R40"Mass at launch1240 kgY@A#R00 Mass in orbit633 kgTHA#R&0Diameter2.16 ma A#R@0Height6.6 m (2.84 m stowed)b!H A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedYdA#R00DC powerBOL: 1000 W] A#R80$Design lifetime10 years$d" 11U}Ɍ5K# $Anik D's C-bandYA#R00(Main transponders24ZKA#R20,Backup transponders6XVA#R.0Power11.5 W (TWTA)UA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN VA#R0CoverageTMA#R&0EIRP max36 dBWXA#R.0Polarizationlinear$MɌ" 11U~!E=Ɍ7# 4Anik E's specificationsr1A#Rb0&Prime contractorSpar Aerospace with GE AstroU7A#R(0PlatformGE 5000[YA#R40"Mass at launch2923 kgZA#R20 Mass in orbit1781 kgRYA#R"0Length2.84 mQVA#R 0Width2.26 mRA#R"0Height2.18 m\VA#R60Solar array24.3 m spɌanYiA#R00 Stabilization3 axisYA#R00DC powerEOL: 3888 W_i!A#R<0$Design lifetime13.5 years$E" 1!v1Uv 15E# $Anik E's C-bandYvA#R00(Main transponders24Z^A#R20,Backup transponders6XA#R.0Power11.5 W (SSPA)U^ A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzVaG#^0"╬NCoverageT A#R&0EIRP max36 dBWXa A#R.0Polarizationlinear$1" 1 b1Ub61# &Anik E's Ku-bandYbA#R00(Main transponders16ZKA#R20,Backup transponders2VA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)UKA#R(0Bandwidth54 MHzVLG#^0"9CoverageTA#R&0EIRP max51 dBWXLA#R.0Polarizationlinear$" 1M1MR6 <: żG"Anik E's C-band EIRP1M1#S#6 << żG"Anik E's Ku-band EIRP[*~1Y~Anik's Ku-band transponder frequency chartr8#: Drback()"  Anik's Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)&~# k+#$|xyxy * X v  ƀ HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkBeam$#ڀH|xyxy,014.017111.717W, N, E, X!+z#ڀB|xyxy"211.7301714.030E or N$##ڀH|xyxy,014.043211.743W, N, E, X!z#ڀB|xyxy"211.7561814.056E or N$#r#ڀH|xyxy,014.078311.778W, N, E, X!#ڀB|xyxy"211.7911914.091E or N$r#ڀH|xyxy,014.104411.804W, N, E, X!g#ڀB|xyxy"211.8172014.117E or N$#ڀH|xyxy,014.139511.839g#W, N, E, Xg#ڀ8|xyxy"211.8522114.152E$f#ڀH|xyxy,014.165611.865W, N, E, X#ڀ8|xyxy"211.8782214.178E$f#ڀH|xyxy,014.200711.900W, N, E, XQ#ڀ8|xyxy"211.9132314.213E$#ڀH|xyxy,014.226811.926W, N, E, XQ#ڀ8|xyxy"211.9392414.239E;#ڀ6|xyxy,014.261911.961W#ڀ8|xyxy"211.9742514.274E;}#ڀ8|xyxy.214.2871011.987W#ڀ8|xyxy"212.0002614.300E}#ڀ8|xyxy.214.3221112.022W`#ڀ8|xyxy"212.0352714.335E #ڀ8|xyxy.214.3481212.048W` #ڀ8|xyxy"212.0612814.361E C #ڀ8|xyxy.214.3831312.083W  #ڀ8|xyxy"212.0962914.396EC  #ڀ8|xyxy.214.4091412.109W & #ڀ8|xyxy"212.1223014.422E  #ڀ8|xyxy.214.4441512.144W& h #ڀ8|xyxy"212.1573114.457E  #ڀ8|xyxy.214.4701612.170Wh #ڀ8|xyxy"212.1833214.483EhD $ Beams: W: West, E: East, N: North, X: Extended corss-border beam8J182JCAnik A1D5 : żG" Anik A1;J# 0Also called Telesat 11  @'  General @g s@G#^@") Designation06278 / 72090A\ @@A#R6Launch date10 Nov 1972m s@L;ˉH<SpecificationsC-bandKu-band8Fۂ14+4ۂvAnik C1D5 : żG" Anik C1F#ۂe# FAlso called Telesat 9, Nahuel C11 '  Generalg eG#^@") Designation15642 / 85028B\YA#R6Launch date13 Apr 1985m ƄM#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"Y5M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!ƄA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowj5M#j:" &OLaunch vehicleSTS 231 0(㼉(㼉Was sold to Paracomsat an Argentine operator (when? in 1994?). Telesat obtained a 10% interest in Paracomsat and is to maintain the satellite in orbit until end-1996. The satellite was bought back by Telesat in 1997. : M- */ۀ Locationׇm#:   " BeginEndPositionM_j#<$(*L: 13 Apr 1985107.5Wׇj#0Mar 1993109.2W_hj#:,.Apr 1993Apr 199772W j#@,.May 1997Apr 1998118.6Whrj#,Aug 1998106WR.Ċ$ \Should remain non inclined throughout 19978r' "(Technical datazCĊv7 >+<*$(*L: 18 Jun 1983114.5W?j#0Apr 1993109.1W. %j#\68Jun 1993mid-June 199775.8W, inclined.j#\ 46mid-Aug 1997Dec 1997114.9W, inclined?%$ 6Inclined since Aug 199351'  End of life\A#R6"Out of serviceJan 1998T1A#R&Causedeorbited&# 8?' "(Technical datazC7 >+<*+<*,Geostationary orbit104.5Ws&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #164&M# 5'  End of life\wA#R6"Out of serviceFeb 1995&# 8w' "(Technical dataL-0 08x `<S-fˉSpecificationsC-band8e1B33eAnik D2D-5 : żG" Anik D2H%e# JAlso called Telesat 8 or Satcom 4R1 "'  Generalg G#^@") Designation15383 / 84113B["A#R4Launch date9 Nov 1984m QM#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!Q"A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowjM#j:" &*Launch vehicleSTS 19["1 2jQQ7鉂Replaced Anik 1B in November 1986.Was sold in September 1993 and became Arabsat 1D2 J'  Locationv^#0 BeginEndPositionJFj#8"&(L: 9 Nov 1984113W?)j#R,.May 1992May 199282W (Satcom 4R)F^j#6 ?110.5W (Anik D2)*p#T$(*7鉂September 199320E (Arabsat 1D)&^# 5S'  End of life\A#R6"Out of serviceMar 1995a SA#R@CauseSent to the junk orbit&6# 8n' "(Technical dataL60 08x `<SˉSpecificationsC-band8n1+4*46 Anik E1D6 5 : żG" Anik E1<r # 2Also called Telesat 111 6  '  Generalg r  G#^@") Designation21726 / 91067A\ f A#R6Launch date26 Sep 1991m  M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"f B M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf  G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit111Wn!B  M#jB" &bD+Launch vehicleAriane V46> T- (#QQOn January 20th, 1994 at 12:50 local time, the satellite ran out of control and thus all transmissions were interrupted. Control was regained at 19:00 and at 20:15 all was back into order. Soon after, it was Anik E2's turn! Those technical hitch were caused by magnetic storms.At 10:47 UT on March 26, 1996 Telesat lost both the C and Ku-bands on the satellite. This was caused by the disconnection of the South solar panel... After this, the satellite is limited to 9 C-band and 10 Ku-band transponders by lack of power.8 ' "(Technical dataqTBE Z)K<ˉ<ھtXSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EB0 0*╬N9C-bandKu-band8 @1>3}4 @P@YFAnik E2 @DP@5 : żG" Anik E2< @@# 2Also called Telesat 101 P@@'  Generalg @$AG#^@") Designation21222 / 91026A[@AA#R4Launch date5 Apr 1991m $AAM#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"A[BM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!ABG#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit107.3Wn![B1CM#jB" &_D+Launch vehicleAriane V43BD, &QQAfter Anik E1's incident, this satellite run out of control January 20th, 1994 at 21:00 local time after a magnetic storm. It distroyed the on-board stabilization system. To face this problem, Telesat has built a system that calculates and orders the satellite's movements from an Earth station.This satellite was already victim of technical problems after launch to position its antennas.81C!E' "(Technical dataqDEE Z)K<ˉ<ھtXSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart=!EF' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EEYF0 0*╬N9C-bandKu-band8FF1}4FF'Anik F1DYFF5 : żG" Anik F11 FG'  GeneralYF_GG#^$") Designation[GGA#R4Launch dateearly 2000m _G'HM#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"GHM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!'HHG#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit107.3Wn!HlIM#jB" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 44LN*HI$ TTo be delivered in-orbit (15 May 2000)8lII' "(OTechnical data8I*J' " Specifications\IJA#R6&Prime contractorHughesT*JJA#R&PlatformHS-702[J5KA#R4"Mass at launch4600 kgSJKA#R$ Mass in orbitk*5KKA#RTDimension3.6 m (height) x 3.2 x 2.0 mWKJLA#R,Solar array45.6 mSKLA#R$ StabilizationZJLLA#R2DC powerEOL: 15000 W]LTMA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&LzM# 0 TMM'  C-band~=zM(NA#Rz(Main transponders36 (24 for North America, 12 for South)YMNA#R0,Backup transpondersO(NNA#RPower40 WUN%OA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzj(NOB#TPCoverageNorth AmericaSouth AmericaN %OOA#REIRP maxM O6A#RO6YFG/T max\OA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V=6B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzdownlink: 3.7-4.2 GHz&7# 1 h'  Ku-bandE7A#R(Main transponders48 (32 for North America, 16 for South America)YhGA#R0,Backup transpondersPA#RPower115 WGGA#RBandwidth27 MHz (4 54 MHz can be formed with all America coverage)j(B#TPCoverageNorth AmericaSouth AmericaN ׃A#REIRP maxM $A#RG/T max\׃A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V?$B#T~Frequenciesuplink: 13.75-14.5 GHzdownlink: 11.45-12.2 GHz&'# 1X1WX҅T+') "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&X҅# 8 1#05 J!Anna 1B@҅J2 4"  Anna 1B1 {'  Generalg JG#^@") Designation00446 / 62060A\{>A#R6Launch date31 Oct 1962t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#>"M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: Geodesy`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1075/1181 kmV"؈A#R*Inclination50.1U-A#R(Period107.9 minq$؈M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar_-A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$!" 4U155UpANS4!, (" ANSH%Uъ# J Astronomical Netherlands Satellite1 '  Generalg ъiG#^@") Designation07427 / 74070A\ŋA#R6Launch date30 Aug 1974r%i7M#jJ"N ,㬹.Country of originNetherlands2ŋM#jd"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV and X-ray astronomy_7A#R<"Perigee/Apogee268/2174 kmTiA#R&Inclination98TA#R&Period99.1 minm i*M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #89ZA#R2"Mass at launch130 kg=*$ 2First Dutch satellite5'  End of lifeVLA#R*Decay14 Jun 1977$p" 5L1555 Apex= p 2 4"  Apex pmGy&  Advanced Photovoltaic and Electronic eXperiments, also called P90-61 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation23191 / 94046A[lA#R4Launch date3 Aug 1994t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/l\M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee360/2534 kmV\A#R*Inclination69.9SdA#R$Period115 minn!M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #7Zd,A#R2"Mass at launch260 kgY4% iCarries a variety of advanced solar cell experiments for the US Air Force: Photovoltaic Array and Space Power Plus Diagnostics (PASP-Plus), Ferroelectric Experiment (FERRO), and Cosmic Ray Upset Experiment (CRUX) to check the impact of radiation in the Van Allen belt on the other two target instruments.8,' "(OTechnical data8# *Platform: Pegastar5*1 56*h*APMT>h, (&" Program: APMT^6*( mAsia Pacific Mobile TelecommunicationsHughes signed a $640 million contract awarded by a consortium of Chinese and Singaporean companies to provide satellite and ground communications equipment. The system will allow callers across a wide range of Asia to use mobile phones in areas without cellular or fixed-line service. 12000 voice channels capacity per satellite. The cost per minute should be < $1.Should be operational in 2000, 2 satellites to be launched by Long March 3B from Xichang in Southwest China(maybe only 1 with the other one as ground spare)U(h- (Q.h3ΉAPMT groups four Chinese companies, as well as Singapore Technologies Telemedia and Singapore Telecom. The Chinese participants are CASC, China Unicom Satellite Telecommunication Co Ltd, Chinasat, and China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General.Orbital location: 95-125E or 110E8S' "(OTechnical data8' " Specifications\SA#R6&Prime contractorHughesT;A#R&PlatformHS 702TA#R&"Mass at launchS;A#R$ Mass in orbitO1A#RDimensionQA#R Solar arrayS1A#R$ StabilizationT)A#R&DC power7000 W]A#R8$Design lifetime12 years&)# 0 '  L-bandW3A#R,(Main transpondersYA#R0,Backup transpondersK 3A#RPowerO&A#RBandwidthEA#RCoveragefrom Japan to Pakistan and from North China to IndonesiaN & A#REIRP max M YA#RG/T maxR A#R"PolarizationZY*% will have a 12.25 m diameter antenna.wil be able to carry 16000 calls simultaneously.1[1W[T+*) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&[# 6 15!6 AApple6 A, (" AppleI& # L Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment1 A'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation12545 / 81057B\~A#R6Launch date19 Jun 1981l"M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiaV~@D#X$OperatorISRO}0M#j`"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications, experimental^@A#R:,Geostationary orbit102En!M#jB" &'+Launch vehicleAriane L03ZA#R2"Mass at launch670 kgD '$ @Carried a C-band transponder5\'  End of life_'A#R<"Out of service19 Sep 1983$\" @16߂9kProgram: ApstarLk5 :0"" Program: ApstarnE) "@OHong Kong program operated by APT mainly owned by Chinese firms.1k 1 NO nttXXb i"鉂 b "鉂 b Program: ApstarApstar 1Apstar 1AApstar 2Apstar 2RApstar 31 1UKKZ12 ) "bttXXApstar 1's transponder frequency chart (GHz)'qY #< * X v  ƀȀ HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkBandwidth2  # :"023.6601A5.88572Y  # :,025.8851B3.66072  # :"023.7402A5.96572 A # :,025.9852B3.76072  # :"023.8003A6.02536A # :,026.0453B3.82036 o# :"023.8404A6.065365@# :,0o5@26.0854B3.86036o@# :"023.8805A6.105365@A# :,026.1255B3.90036@cB# :"023.9206A6.14536AC# :,026.1256B3.94036cBC# :"023.9607A6.18536CD# :,026.2057B3.98036CKE# :"024.0008A6.22536DF# :,026.2458B4.02036KEF# :"024.0409A6.26536FyG# :,026.2859B4.06036F4H# < $244.08010A6.30536yGH# < .246.32510B4.100364HI# < $244.12011A6.34536HeJ# < .246.36511B4.14036I K# < $244.16012A6.38536eJK# < .246.40512B4.18036$ KK" 9K8L1T ?78LLApstar 1IKL8 @$"" Apstar 11 8LL'  Generalg LMG#^@") Designation23185 / 94043Ah'LMA#RNLaunch date21 Jul 1994 at 10:55 UTp#MMM#jF"N ,Country of originHong Kongo"M`NM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfMNG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit138Ep#`N6OM#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3NX1 0u.#oThe satellite was to be slotted at 131E but this was too close from Sakura 3A (132E) and Gorizont 29 (130E). After protests from in-orbit satell6OXKite operators a slot at 138E was leased to Tonga (for about $15 million).86O' "(Technical dataAXр) "0K6EIRP coverage (dBW)8 ' " Specifications\рeA#R6&Prime contractorHughesT A#R&PlatformHS-376[eA#R4"Mass at launch1400 kgYmA#R0 Mass in orbit650 kgTA#R&Dry mass560 kgTmA#R&Diameter2.16 m`uA#R>Height3.1m, 6.8 m deployedb!׃A#RB StabilizationSpin stabilizedYu0A#R0DC powerEOL: 1022 W]׃A#R8$Design lifetime10 years&0# 0 '  C-bandY<A#R0(Main transponders24ZA#R2,Backup transponders6O<A#RPower15 W@gB#TBandwidth20 transponders of 36 MHz4 transponders of 72 MHz~7G#^n,K6Coverage & EIRP maxSouth East Asia, up to 36 dBWSg8A#R$G/T max2 dB/K\A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VE8B#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.850 - 6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.625 - 4.200 GHzh- *Telemetry: 4.198125 H & 4.199625 H GHzCommand: 5.928 H & 6.422 V GHzTransponder frequency chart115T56 <>b "Apstar 1's C-band EIRP: o1 ?78oApstar 1AF55 :$"" Apstar 1A1 o'  Generalg MG#^@") Designation23943 / 96039A[A#R4Launch date3 Jul 1996p#MM#jF"N ,Country of originHong Kongo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^A#R:,Geostationary orbit134Et'YM#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3 #39R.$ \The satellite was insured for $130 million8Y' "(OTechnical data= ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Jj0 04Q8Q8VerticalHorizontal8 ' " Specifications\jA#R6&Prime contractorHughesTRA#R&PlatformHS-376[A#R4"Mass at launch1400 kgTRA#R&Dry mass560 kgSTA#R$Diameter2.2 m`A#R>Height3.1m, 7.5 m deployedQTA#R Solar arra5yb!sA#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedN A#RDC power]sA#R8$Design lifetime10 years&D# F' > C-band (and extended C-band)YDA#R0(Main transponders24Z=A#R2,Backup transponders6OA#RPower16 W@=B#TBandwidth4 transponders of 72 MHz20 transponders of 36 MHzSaA#R$CoverageASEANTA#R&EIRP max35 dBWTa A#R&G/T max-4 dB/K\eA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VE B#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.850 - 6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.625 - 4.200 GHzhe- *Telemetry: 4.198125 H & 4.199375 H GHzCommand: 5.928 H & 6.422 V GHzTransponder frequency chart11`*6 ""Apstar 2R's EIRP (C-band)Warning: this map is for a 77E location only11$Pl$7 >""Apstar 2R's EIRP (Ku-band)Warning: this map is for a 77E location only9]18]Apstar 3E$5 :""" Apstar 32]# or Apstar 3D1 '  GeneralY^G#^$") DesignationUA#R(Launch date1999p#^#M#jF"N ,Country of originHong Kongo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg&#A#RL,Geostationary orbit62, 80 or 92E\UG#^*" &Launch vehicle7$ &16 transponders1U1W7T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&7# Ax1Q!6=x Program: ArabsatM75 :2c" Program: Arabsat|8xAD Vq=H%쉂\doZ`Satellite program of the Arab States operated by Arabsat also known as Arabsat Satellite Communications Organization (ASCO)In 1976 22 countries decided to build, launch and operate their own telecommunications geostationary satellites. At this time the Arabsat project was an innovation because even if Canada (Anik) and the United States (Comstar, Satcom and Westar) had their own satellites it was only for national communications. 3 satellites were ordered in 1981 to Arospatiale and the Earth stations were build from 1983 on by Japanese companies.1 r'  ContactsGA , (=H%Arabsat Operation CenterTel: +966 1 404 2019Fax: +966 1 403 3072r 71r=1=~ d u45鉂6鉂7鉂8鉂_鉂`鉂鉂Program: ArabsatArabsat 1AArabsat 1BArabsat 1CArabsat 1DArabsat 1EArabsat 2AArabsat 2BArabsat 3A1=P1UPwJ'# NArabsat 1A, 1B & 1C's specificationsb!PA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatialeZVA#R2PlatformSpacebus 100YA#R0 Mass in orbit700 kgBV3B#TPayload mass122.4 kg:101.4 kg: transponders, 21 kg: antennasc"A#RDDimension2.26 x 1.64 x 2.26 m\3A#R6Solar array20.7 m spanYKA#R0 Stabilization3 axisv5A#RjDC powerEOL: 1400 W (equinox), 1300 W (solstice)ZKA#R2 Payload power990.5 W\wA#R6$Design lifetime7 years$" 1w1UrB# >Arabsat 1A, 1B & 1C's S-bandXfA#R.0(Main transponders1YA#R00,Backup transpondersZfA#R20Power2 x 50 W (TWTA)UnA#R(0Bandwidth33 MHzVG#^0"O؝CoverageTnA#R&0EIRP max41 dBWZrA#R20Polarizationlinear V$" 1r1Ud  B # >Arabsat 1A, 1B & 1C's C-bandYb A#R00(Main transponders25Y  A#R00,Backup transpondersPb  A#R0Power8.5 WU ` A#R(0Bandwidth33 MHzV  G#^0"?؝CoverageT`  A#R&0EIRP max31 dBWZ d A#R20Polarizationcircular$  " 1d  1U 2V@  # :Arabsat 2's specificationsb! [ A#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale[  A#R4PlatformSpacebus 3000[[  A#R4"Mass at launch2415 kgZ k A#R2 Mass in orbit1570 kgX  A#R.Payload mass260 kg`k #A#R>Dimension2.4 x 1.6 x 2.3 mY |A#R0 Stabilization3 axisY#A#R0DC powerEOL: 5000 W]|2A#R8$Design lifetime12 years$V" 121UCC8V# *Arabsat 2's C-band](@A#R80((@VMain transponders14 + 8^@A#R:0,Backup transponders6 + 4H(@AB#T0Power14 transponders of 15 W (SSPA)8 transponders of 57.6 W (TWTA)K@AB#T0BandwidthMedium power: 12 x 36 MHz + 2 x 54 MHzHigh power: 8 x 36 MHzYAAA#R00CoverageArab StatesNABB#T0EIRP maxMedium power transponders: 35 dBWHigh power transponders: 41 dBWTABA#R&0G/T max-6 dB/KZB4CA#R20Polarizationcircular=BCB#Tz0FrequenciesUplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.7-4.2 GHz$4CC" 1CD1UDGG9CAD# ,Arabsat 2's Ku-bandYDDA#R00(Main transponders12ZADDA#R20,Backup transponders5\DPEA#R60Power93 to 96 W (TWTA)?DEB#T~0Bandwidth8 transponders of 36 MHz4 transponders of 30 MHzYPE*FA#R00CoverageArab StatesTE~FA#R&0EIRP max47 dBWS*FFA#R$0G/T max0 dB/KX~F)GA#R.0PolarizationlinearBFGB#T0FrequenciesUplink: 13.750-14.000 GHzDownlink: 12.5-12.75 GHz$)GG" 1GH1UHZ7G\H# nArabsat 2's C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz) `HfI#$k   B X z  RHCP UplinkRHCPDownlinkChannelLHCPDownlinkLHCP UplinkBandwidth (MHz)\H J#ڀ<k"43.7202515.9452536fIJ#ڀ<k045.9657523.7407536 JOK#ڀ<k"43.7612535.9862536JK#ڀ<k046.0067543.7817536OKL#ڀ<k"43.8022556.0272536K7M#ڀ:k.26.04775638227536LM#ڀ<k"43.8432576.06825367M}N#ڀ<k046.0887583.8637536M O#ڀ<k"43.8842596.1092536}NO#ڀ>k 266.12975103.9047536 Ot#ڀ>kOtG $63.92525116.1502536O#ڀ>k 266.17075123.9457536t#ڀ>k $63.97825136.2032554`#ڀ>k 266.22375143.9987554#ڀ>k $64.04375156.2687536`#ڀ>k 266.28250164.0575036L#ڀ>k $64.08475176.3097536#ڀ>k 266.32350184.0985036L#ڀ>k $64.12575196.35075368#ڀ>k 266.36450204.1395036܆#ڀ>k $64.16675216.39175368#ڀ>k 266.40550224.1805036$܆" 1Շ1UՇ?[80# pArabsat 2's Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz) vՇP#$k , \ r  ƀ Horizontal UplinkHorizontal DownlinkChannelVertical DownlinkVertical UplinkBandwidth (MHz) 0#ڀ@k $812.52100113.7680036 P#ڀ@k 4813.78300212.5360036 ?#ڀ@k $812.56277313.8097736 #ڀ@k 4813.82477412.5777736 ?#ڀ@k $812.60453513.8515336 .#ڀ@k 4813.86653612.6195336 Ӎ#ڀ@k $812.64630713.8933036 .x#ڀ@k 4813.90830812.6613036 Ӎ#ڀ@k $812.68506913.9320630!xÏ#ڀBk"6:13.947061012.7000630!u#ڀBkÏu"&:12.720001113.9670030!Ï#ڀBk"6:13.982001212.7350030$u?" 1p1pN?7 >c"Arabsat 2's C-band EIRP mapFor the high power transponders, add 6 dBW1p&1&Z$6 J)00SpecificationsS-bandC-band; V1K;$;VArabsat 1BG5 :&c" Arabsat 1B1 V'  Generalg 5G#^@") Designation15825 / 85048C\A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1985r%5M#jJ"N , ?I*Country of originArab Stateso"rM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit26Ejr9M#j:" &QLaunch vehicleSTS 25[A#R4"Mass at launch1270 kg}Y9$ In Oct 1992 the satellite started drifting East and was completly lost in early 1993.5F'  End of life^A#R:"Out of serviceearly 1993YFA#R0CauseOut of control&## 8[' "(Technical data\%#7 >J)00SpecificationsS-bandC-band; [1V];+<9KArabsat 1CG95 :&c" Arabsat 1C1 j'  Generalg 9G#^@") Designation21894 / 92010B\j-A#R6Launch date26 Feb 1992r%M#jJ"N , ?I*Country of originArab Stateso"-M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!|A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!M#jB" &eD+Launch vehicleAriane V49[|EA#R4"Mass at launch1360 kg 1 0UG@cG@cWas sold to Insat in late Nov 1997 for $40 million. At that time it is said to have still 5 lifetime years. Replaced the failed Insat 2D and was renamed Insat 2R.: EZ- */ۀ Location m#:   " BeginEndPosition#Zqj#F$8:L: 26 Feb 1992Dec 199731Ej#*Jan 199855E&q# 8N' "(Technical data|C9 B)00SpecificationsS-bandC-bandBeacons: 3.7031 & 4.1999 GHz=N' , EIRP coverage (dBW)DK0 0(O؝?؝쉂S-bandC-band1|1|V K6 (iProgram: ArielK(5 :.j " Program: ArielAi# <First English space program1(1@Pi@V |hڜd$te$tf$tg$th$ti$tProgram: ArielAriel 1Ariel 2Ariel 3Ariel 4Ariel 5Ariel 68x1w=xAriel 1D@5 : j " Ariel 11 x'  Generalg TG#^@") Designation00285 / 62015A\A#R6Launch date26 Apr 1962u(T%M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy,M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_%A#R<"Perigee/Apogee398/1203 kmVSA#R*Inclination53.8UA#R(Period100.8 minq$SM#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #9:S$ ,First UK satellite5'  End of lifeVSA#R*Decay24 May 1976$" 8:1{e=>:~ Ariel 2D~5 : j " Ariel 21 :'  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation00771 / 64015A\rA#R6Launch date27 Mar 1964u(M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited KingdomBr|S#v"H̀(?v߲-MissionScientific: ionosphere and high atmosphere study_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee287/1349 kmV|1A#R*Inclination51.7UA#R(Period101.3 minm 1M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #25&# 5N'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay18 Nov 1967$N "  8D1=t>DAriel 3D 5 : j " Ariel 31 D'  Generalg  G#^@") Designation02773 / 67042A[{A#R4Launch date5 May 1967u( M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited KingdomB{S#v"H̀(?v߲-MissionScientific: ionosphere and high atmosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee499/604 kmV9A#R*Inclination80.6TA#R&Period95.6 minm 9M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #53P,J$ XFirst satellite entirely build in the UK5'  End of lifeVJA#R*Decay14 Dec 1970$" 811w>>1u Ariel 4Du5 : j " Ariel 41 1'  Generalg u G#^@") Designation05675 / 71109A\iA#R6Launch date11 Dec 1971u( M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited KingdomBisS#v"H̀(?v߲-MissionScientific: ionosphere and high atmosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee476/592 kmTs%A#R&Inclination82TyA#R&Period95.3 minm %M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #78&y # 5A '  End of lifeV  A#R*Decay12 Dec 1978$A  " 8  1[t>> 7 aAriel 5D 7 5 : j " Ariel 51 h '  Generalg 7  G#^@") Designation07471 / 74077A\h + A#R6Launch date15 Oct 1974u(  M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomx++  M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^ v A#R:"Perigee/Apogee504/549 kmU  A#R(Inclination2.9Tv  A#R&Period94.9 minm  M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #90&  # 5  '  End of lifeV =A#R*Decay14 Mar 1980$ a" 8=1>>CAriel 6Da5 : j " Ariel 61 '  Generalg uG#^@") Designation11382 / 79047A[A#R4Launch date2 Jun 1979u(uQ@M#jP"Q@aN ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomx+@M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^Q@'AA#R:"Perigee/Apogee472/383 kmT@{AA#R&Inclination55T'AAA#R&Period92.1 minn!{A=BM#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #100&AcB# 5=BB'  End of lifeVcBBA#R*Decay23 Sep 1990P,B>C$ XDownlink: 137.56 MHz, Uplink: 148.25 MHz8BvC1 =?vCCJOAries 18 >CC, (" Aries 1_<vC D# xAustralian Resource Information and Environment Satellite1 C>D'  GeneralY DDG#^$") DesignationU>DDA#R(Launch date2001p#D\EM#jF"N ,Country of originAustralia_DEG#^0"H̀MissionScientific^\EFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee400-450 kmQEjFA#R InclinationRFFA#R"Period90 min\jFGG#^*" &Launch vehicleQFiGA#R Launch siteDGH) 7Developed by government scientific research body CSIRO, the Australian Centre for Remote Sensing (ACRES) and Auspace, a unit of MMS. Will be able to search for minerals as well as monitor environmental changes.Preliminary costs: A$200 millionA follow-up satellite could come8iGH' "(OTechnical data8HI' " SpecificationsVHsIA#R*&Prime contractorN IIA#RPlatformZsIJA#R2"Mass at launch400 kgSInJA#R$ Mass in orbitOJJA#RDimensionQnJKA#R Solar arraySJaKA#R$ StabilizationN KKA#RDC power\aK LA#R6$Design lifetime5 yearsqIK|N( Its hyperspectral imaging spectrometer scanning the surface with up to 100 spectra bands covering the visible, near-infrared and shortwave infrared spectrum.Its sideways looking system means it can examine any region once every six to seven days. By building up a continuous spectrum of the earth passing below, scientists will be able to differentiate between thespectral signatures of various minerals in the rocks and soil even through moderate vegetation cover. In addition it will be able to differentiate various vegetation species and a range of environmental indicators. LJO% SWhile its standard target will be a patch of ground 30 x 30 m, sophisticated software will enable the satellite to discern the mineral content of much smaller areas,1|N{O1W{OO T+JOO) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&{O # O JO7OC1@ >?CzArsne7 z, (" ArsneZ7CԀ# n Ariane Radio-astronome Satellite ENseignement Espace1 z'  Generalg ԀlG#^@") Designation22654 / 93031B\ȁA#R6Launch date12 May 1993m l5M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo"ȁM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsb!5A#RB"Perigee/Apogee17261/36793 kmU[A#R(Inclination1.8VA#R*Period1012.7 minn![M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V56ZyA#R2"Mass at launch154 kgu* $ Built by Sup Aro students with the help of RACE (Radio Amateur Club de l'Espace). Made from recovery material.5yM'  End of life`A#R>"Out of serviceOctober 1993RMA#R"CauseFailure&%# 8]' "(Technical datao%B#T,Packet radio uplink1200baud, BELL 202 (standard VHF packet radio) AFSK (FM)435.0625 435.1125 435.1375 MHz&]4# BB#T0Packet radio downlink1200baud, BELL 202 AFSK (FM)145.975 MHzJ 4* $@S-Mode linear transponder:q0sA#R`,CW telemetry beacon2446.4700 MHz, 110lpm CWh'ۈA#RN S-mode uplink435.0625 MHz +/- 8kHzk*sFA#RT$S-mode downlink2446.5025 MHz +/- 8kHzCۈ$ >Has a SEP Mars apogee motor8F1,??Artemis8 , (" ArtemisK(D# PAdvanced Relay and Technology Mission1 u'  GeneralYDΊG#^$") Designation`u.A#R>Launch dateplanned in 2000m ΊM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeU.G#^"H̀MissionYIA#R0,Geostationary orbit_G#^0" &Launch vehicleH2AYIG#^$Launch siteRS5 8;㨇7Artemis will test inter orbit links with SILEX (Semi-conductor Inter-satellite Link Experiment). Artemis will also provide data relay links at Ka-Band (23 to 27 GHz) and S-Band (2 GHz). It will also carry an advanced L-Band payload providing communications to mobile users.Artemis will be used as relay by Spot 4, Envisat, Oicets, etc. It is planned to lease one of the L-band transponders.A navigation terminal to guide civilian aircraft, boats and land vehicles will be placed on board. This modification will cost $8 million.%' Oicets (Optical Inter-orbit Communications Engineering Test Satellite) is a planned satellite, 500 kg in LEO capable of S-band and lSaser data relayThe satellite was developed by a consortium headed by the Italian company Alenia Aerospazio. Italy has a 40 percent share, France 21.25 percent, Germany 12 percent, Spain 7.5 percent, Britain 6.7 percent and Belgium four percent. In exchange for launching Artemis at no cost, Japan will be able to make use of 40 percent of its telecommunications capacity.8S' "(OTechnical data8' " Specificationsc"WA#RD&Prime contractorAlenia SpazioN A#RPlatform[WA#R4"Mass at launch3100 kgUUA#R(Dry mass1500 kgOA#RDimensionQUA#R Solar arrayYNA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTA#R&DC power2750 W]NA#R8$Design lifetime10 years% 3Has got liquid-propellant motors (1 of 410 N and 16 of 10 N thrust) and ion propulsion (15 mN and 18 mN). Tanks contain 1.5 t ergols and 40 kg Xenon.E' < SKDR (S/Ka band Data Relay)QB#T(Main transpondersKa band (20/ 30 GHz)S band (2 GHz) and Ka band (23/26 GHz)YA#R0,Backup transpondersK 9A#RPowerOA#RBandwidthN 9A#RCoverageN $A#REIRP maxM qA#RG/T maxR$A#R"PolarizationCqIC#VFrequencies20/30 GHz23-26 GHz (interorbit)2 GHz (interorbit)~2 47㨇The antenna is 2.85 m diameter, aimed at Envisat Silex uses optical frequencies; it will work with Spot 4 and Oicets-I&'   LLMBB#T(Main transpondersL-band (1.5/1.6 GHz): Ku-band (12/14 GHz): K &A#RPowerp.eB#T\BandwidthL-band: 4 MHz?Ku-band: 0.9 MHz?TA#R&CoverageEuropeN eA#REIRP max1 0 㐮):A navigation payload (25 kg) was also added. It is part of the EGNOS program (European Geostationnary Navigation Overlay Service). Two Inmarsat 3 satellites are also part of this program.1,1W,T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&,# : 1?@ Aryabhata:, (" Aryabhataa>{# |Named after a ancient Indian mathematician (5th century AD)1 '  Generalg {G#^@") Designation07752 / 75033A\oA#R6Launch date19 May 1975lM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiay,o` M#jX` "H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee563/619 kmV`  A#R*Inclination50.7T h A#R&Period92.6 minl  M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C]h 1 A#R8Launch siteKapustin YarZ  A#R2"Mass at launch360 kgp1  $ Studied astronomy sources and relations between Earth and Sun (X-ray astronomy, solar physics and aeronomy).5 T '  End of life`  A#R>"Out of serviceAfter 4 daysu4T ) A#RhCauseFailure of the Indian-designed transformerV  A#R*Decay11 Feb 1992$)  " =   1?A -  Program: ASCM - 8 @,$c%" Program: ASC  5 8]   American Satellite CompanyProgram from ASC and CONTEL (CONtinental TELephone company). The satellites are used for GATS (Global Access Telecommunications Services).1- A 1A  \"  : DDZSiSiSProgram: ASCASC 1ASC 21A  1U  :  # .ASC's specificationsd# l A#RF0&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceU  A#R(0PlatformGE 3000[l  A#R40"Mass at launch1250 kgY u A#R00 Mass in orbit665 kgc"  A#RD0Dimension1.63 x 1.32 x 0.99 m]u 5 A#R80Solar array14.33 m spanY A#R00 Stabilization3 axis]5 A#R80$Design lifetime10 years$  " Y( h 1h @K ASC's C-band transponder frequency chartp6 : Dnback()"  ASC's C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)&h # n  #$j & P n   VerticalUplinkVerticalDownlinkTransponderChannelHorizontalDownlinkHorizontalUplink #ڀ2j $3.720115.945 T #ڀ6j$25.96513L23.740 #ڀ2j $3.760235.985T  #ڀ6j$26.00513U43.780 0 #ڀ2j $3.800356.025  #ڀ6j$26.04514L63.8200 z@ #ڀ2j z@   $3.840476.065 A #ڀ6j$26.08514U83.860z@ A #ڀ2j $3.880596.105A YB #ڀ8j&46.12515L103.900A B #ڀ4j"&3.9206116.145YB C #ڀ8j&46.12515U123.940B 8D #ڀ4j"&3.9607136.185C D #ڀ8j&46.20516L143.9808D xE #ڀ4j"&4.0008156.225D F #ڀ8j&46.24516U164.020xE F #ڀ4j"&4.0409176.265F YG #ڀ8j&46.28517L184.060F G #ڀ6j$(4.08010196.305YG H #ڀ8j&46.32517U204.100G :I #ڀ6j$(4.12011216.345H I #ڀ8j&46.36518L224.140:I {J #ڀ6j$(4.16012236.385I K #ڀ8j&46.40518U244.180${J @K " 1K qK 1UqK N N [4@K K ' hASC's Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)9qK hL c#r . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkgK L R#t*11.7401914.040ghL 6M R#t*11.8202014.120gL M R#t*11.9002114.200g6M N R#t*11.9802214.280gM kN R#t*12.0602314.360gN N R#t*12.1402414.440$kN N " 6N ,O 1, A,O nO ^ ASC 1B N nO 5 :$c%" ASC 11 ,O O '  Generalg nO  G#^@") Designation15994 / 85O  N 076C\O n A#R6Launch date27 Aug 1985t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"n Q M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^ A#R:,Geostationary orbit128WjQ  M#j:" &SLaunch vehicleSTS 27& ? # 5 t '  End of life]? т A#R8"Out of serviceNov 1994?&t # 8т / ' "(Technical data^ ă 7 >! c~lSpecificationsC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart0 / '  C-bandYă M A#R0(Main transponders18Y A#R0,Backup transponders?M ' B#T~Power36 MHz: 12 of 8.5 W (SSPA)72 MHz: 6 of 16.2 W (TWTA)h& B#TLBandwidth12 of 36 MHz6 of 72 MHzN ' ݅ A#RCoverageT 1 A#R&EIRP max34 dBWX݅ A#R.Polarizationlinear&1 # 1 '  Ku-bandX 8 A#R.(Main transponders6Y A#R0,Backup transpondersX8 A#R.Power16.2 W (TWTA)U > A#R(Bandwidth72 MHzN A#RCoverageT> A#R&EIRP max42 dBWZ : A#R2Polarizationlinear H$ ^ " 6: 1 @ ։ Z ASC 2B ^ ։ 5 :$c%" ASC 2C  # @Otherwise known as Spacenet 41 ։ J '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation21227 / 91028A\J A#R6Launch date13 Apr 1991t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf V G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit101Wp# ƌ M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #204fBV , $ [early 1998] Would have technical malfunctions in the Ku-band 8ƌ d ' "(OTechnical data=, ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)d N jKZ۪!!퉂 c~lC-band, 36 MHz transpondersC-band, 72 MHz transpondersKu-bandSpecificationsC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart0 Ď '  C-bandY  A#R0(Main transponders18YĎ v A#R0,Backup transponders= B#TzPower36 MHz: 12 of 8.5 W (SSPA)72 MHz: 6 of 16 W (TWTA)v ^ h&v t B#TLBandwidth12 of 36 MHz6 of 72 MHzN A#RCoverageTt  A#R&EIRP max37 dBWX n A#R.Polarizationlinear& # 1 n '  Ku-bandX  A#R.(Main transponders6Y v A#R0,Backup transponderso- B#TZPower6 of 16.2 W (TWTA)2 of 30 W (TWTA)Uv : A#R(Bandwidth72 MHzN A#RCoverageT: A#R&EIRP max46 dBWZ 6 A#R2Polarizationlinear H$ Z " 16 1 X"Z 6 iS"#ASC 2's Ku-band EIRPThis map is for 16 W transponders, add 3 dBW for 30 W transpondersA t 1@1Gt  Program: AsiasatM3 5 :2f" Program: Asiasat\3t  ) "f품Telecommunication program operated by Asiasat 1 N 1N  _  V |%kkkHk#oProgram: AsiasatAsiasat 1Asiasat 2Asiasat 3Asiasat 3SAsiasat 4Asiasat G: N = 1B= B!Asiasat 1F 5 :$f" Asiasat 11 = '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation20558 / 90030A[ v A#R4Launch date7 Apr 1990p# M#jF"N ,Country of originHong Kongo"v U M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh! G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit105.5Ep#U - M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3} * $/This satellite was Westar 6 that was brought back from Space by the Shuttle in 1984. It was bought for only $58 million8- ' "(OTechnical data= I ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)L 0 08<扂North beamSouth beam8I ' " Specifications\ ) A#R6&Prime contractorHughesT } A#R&PlatformHS-376[) A#R4"Mass at launch1244 kgY} 1 A#R0 Mass in orbit620 kgT A#R&Diameter2.16 ma 1 A#R@Height6.6 m (2.84 m stowed)b! H A#RB StabilizationSpin stabilizedX A#R.DC powerBOL: 850 W\H !A#R6$Design lifetime9 years ! & 2!# 0 !b!'  C-bandY2!!A#R0(Main transponders24Zb!!A#R2,Backup transponders6W!l!A#R,Power8.5 W (TWTA)U!!A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzCl!S!O#n*0剂<扂Coverage andEIRP maxNorth beam: 36 dBWSouth beam: 37 dBWS!!A#R$G/T max3 dB/KZS!!A#R2 SFD-81 to -90 dBW/m\!\!A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&!!# K$\!!' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)g!!# , \ z  Horizontal UplinkHorizontal DownlinkTransponderVertical DownlinkVertical Uplink!R!t#. 3.7201H5.945!!t#.*5.9651V3.740R!h!t#. 3.7602H5.985!!t#.*6.0052B3.780h!~!t#. 3.8003H6.025! !t#.*6.0453V3.820~!!t#. 3.8404H6.065 ! !t#.*6.0854V3.860! !t#. 3.8805H6.105 !5 !t#.*6.1255V3.900 ! !t#. 3.9206H6.1455 !K !t#.*6.1656V3.940 ! !t#. 3.9607H6.185K !a !t#.*6.2057V3.980 ! !t#. 4.0008H6.225a !w !t#.*6.2458V4.020 !!t#. 4.0409H6.265w !!t#.*6.2859V4.060!!t#0"4.08010H6.305!!t#0,6.32510V4.100!=@!t#0!=@! "4.12011H6.345!@!t#0,6.36511V4.140=@!UA!t#0"4.16012H6.385@!A!t#0,6.40512V4.180$UA!B!" 1A!6B!16B!B![%B!B!6 ,Geostationary orbit100.5Eq$|E!MF!M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2EZ3E!G!' gSecond stage orbit: 185 km x 309 km x 28 Then the Chinese perigee kick motor SPTM-17 (second flight) lifted Asiasat to 222 x 35039 km x 25.6 and the liquid apogee motor (a Leros-class dual mode liquid apogee engine built by Royal Ordnance plc, England) then circularized the orbit.Cost: $200 million8MF!G!' "(OTechnical data=G!H!' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EG!aH!0 0*k+_vVC-bandKu-band8H!H!' " Specificationsd#aH!H!A#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceUH!RI!A#R(PlatformGE 7000[H!I!A#R4"Mass at launch3460 kgZRI!J!A#R2 Mass in orbit1500 kg`I!gJ!A#R>Dimension24 x 7 m deployedYJ!J!A#R0 Stabilization3 axisYgJ!K!A#R0DC powerBOL: 7100 W]J!vK!A#R8$Design lifetime13 yearsrNK!K!$ The perigee engine was made in China and is being used for the first time.0 vK!L!'  C-bandYK!qL!A#R0(Main transponders24ZL!L!A#R2,Backup transponders6VqL!!M!A#R*Power55 W (TWTA)@L!M!B#TBandwidth20 transponders at 36 MHz4 transponders at 72 MHz`!M!N!A#R>CoverageAsia and AustraliaTM!WN!A#R&EIRP max39 dBWSN!N!A#R$G/T max0 dB/KSWN!N!A#R$ SFD-97 dBW/m\N!YO!A#R6PolarizationLinear H/V?N!O!B#T~FrequenciesUplink: 5.845-6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.625-4.2 GHz&YO! !# O! !C!K$O!W!' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)N !!z#Ā . L v HorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkBandwidth (MHz)uW!!c#$3.6401B36u! !c#$1A3.66036u!~!c#$3.6802B36u !!c#$2A3.70036u~!h!c#$3.7203B36u!݃!c#$3A3.74036uh!R!c#$3.7604B36u݃!DŽ!c#$4A3.78036uR!!!A#R|,Geostationary orbitshould have gone to 105.5E, see belowo"A!/!M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #255E!t!/ ,-ĉWas to be launched by Long March but this was cancelled the Intelsat 708 crash.Satellite cost approx $100 million. Was to go to 105.5EThe launcher failed to place the satellite in GEO; it was left in 365 x 35989 km x 51.6. The satellite was believed to be lost and the insurances payed $250 million in compensation. The ownership of the spacecraft was transfered to HGS (the satellite was renamed HGS 1) to try a very special manoeuver. HGS will share profits of the satellite salvage with the consortium of 27 insurers. </!!' +A first manoeuver was carried out in May 1998 to reach the GEO orbit using the attraction of the moon. On this very special orbit the satellite flied-by the moon (in spin-stabilized mode with main antennas deployed). A second lunar flyby was then programmed to improve the orbit. This was the very first time a commercial satellite used this kind of manoeuver. This operation consumed most of the 1700 kg of propellant. On June 19th, the satellite over 152 W with a 35963 km apogee and a 35681 km perigee at a 8.7 degree orbit.(t!!% HGS was formed 10 months ago as a subsidiary of Hughes Space and Communications. It provides domestic and international government and public-sector agencies at all levels with "one-stop shopping" access to commercially available satellite communications.2 ! !'  Location!!m#:   " BeginEndPosition !*"j#@$(*!*"!L: 24 Dec 1997bad orbit !"j#@Jul 1998158W, inclined&*""# <""' *O External resourcesG "]"' @http://www.hughesglobal.com/&""# 8]""' "(OTechnical data=""' , EIRP coverage (dBW)l5"d"7 >jҨYY^ZC-bandKu-band North AsiaKu-band South Asia8""' " Specifications\d""A#R6&Prime contractorHughesV"N"A#R*PlatformHS-601HP[""A#R4"Mass at launch3480 kgZN""A#R2 Mass in orbit2534 kgU"X"A#R(Dry mass1674 kgd#""A#RFDimension26.2 x 7.6 m deployedQX" "A#R Solar arrayY"f"A#R0 Stabilization3 axisT ""A#R&DC power9900 W]f""A#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsU1"l"$ bHas a Marquardt R-4D-11-300 liquid propulsion0 ""'  C-bandYl""A#R0(Main transponders28Z"O"A#R2,Backup transponders6V""A#R*Power55 W (TWTA)UO""A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzI""A#RCoverageAsia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and AustraliaT""A#R&EIRP max40 dBWT", "A#R&G/T max-1 dB/Kf%" "A#RJ SFD-98 dBW/m (at G/T = -1 dB/K)\, " "A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V& " "# K$ "_ "' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)e "W "# , Z x  Horizontal uplinkHorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkVertical uplink_ " "t#. 3.6401B5.865W "m "t#.*5.8851A3.660 " "t#. 3.6802B5.905m " "t#.*5.9252A3.700 ""t#. 3.7203B5.945 ""t#.*5.9653A3.740"$"t#. 3.7604B5.985""t#.*6.0054A3.780$"F@"t#."F@"! 3.8005B6.025"@"t#.*6.0455A3.820F@"\A"t#. 3.8406B6.065@"A"t#.*6.0856A3.860\A"rB"t#. 3.8807B6.105A"B"t#.*6.1257A3.900rB"C"t#. 3.9208B6.145B"D"t#.*6.1658A3.940C"D"t#. 3.9609B6.185D")E"t#.*6.2059A3.980D"E"t#0"4.00010B6.225)E"AF"t#0,6.24510A4.020E"F"t#0"4.06011B6.265AF"YG"t#0,6.28511A4.080F"G"t#0"4.14012B6.305YG"qH"t#0,6.32512A4.160G"H"t#0"4.12013B6.345qH"I"t#0,6.36513A4.140H"J"t#0"4.16014B6.385I"J"t#0,6.40514A4.180&J"J"# 1 J"J"'  Ku-bandYJ"QK"A#R0(Main transponders16ZJ"K"A#R2,Backup transponders4WQK"L"A#R,Power138 W (TWTA)UK"WL"A#R(Bandwidth54 MHzBL"L"B#TCoverage2 beams: 1 for China & 1 for India+ 1 steerable beamTWL"/M"A#R&EIRP max53 dBWSL"M"A#R$G/T max6 dB/Kf%/M"M"A#RJ SFD-100 dBW/m (at G/T = 7 dB/K)\M"DN"A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&M"jN"# K$DN"N"' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)"ljN"O"#< * X v  ƀȀ HorizontaluplinkHorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkVerticaluplinkbeam"N""# DO""! $4612.2801B14.028North(O"g"# P 04614.0481A12.300North/South""&"# D $4612.3402B14.088North(g""# P 04614.1082A12.360North/South"&""# D $4612.4003B14.148North("o"# P 04614.1683A12.420North/South""."# D $4612.4604B14.208North(o""# P 04614.2284A12.480North/South".""# D $4612.5205B14.268North2""# d 04614.2885A12.540North/South/Steerable""@"# D $4612.5806B14.328North2""# d 04614.3486A12.600North/South/Steerable"@"Ή"# D $4612.6407B14.388North2""# d 04614.4087A12.660North/South/Steerable"Ή"\"# D $4612.7008B14.448North2"+"# d 04614.4688A12.720North/South/Steerable$\"O"" 1+""1"Ռ"UO"Ռ"6 <@k"(Asiasat 3's C-band EIRP1""1"g"a+Ռ"g"6 ,Geostationary orbit105.5EjS""M#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProtonF"c"* $8kIdentical to Asiasat 38""' "(OTechnical data=c""' , EIRP coverage (dBW)l5"D"7 >jҨYY^ZC-bandKu-band North AsiaKu-band South Asia8"|"' " Specifications\D""A#R6&Prime contractorHughesV|"."A#R*PlatformHS-601HP[""A#R4"Mass at launch3480 kgS.""A#R$ Mass in orbitd#"@"A#RFDimension26.2 x 7.6 m deployedQ""A#R Solar arrayY@""A#R0 Stabilization3 axisT">"A#R&DC power9900 W]""A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&>""# 0 ""'  C-bandY"J"A#R0(Main transponders28Z""A#R2,Backup transponders6VJ""A#R*Power55 W (TWTA)U"O"A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzI""A#RCoverageAsia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and AustraliaTO"-"A#R&EIRP max40 dBWT""A#R&G/T max-1 dB/Kf%-""A#RJ SFD-98 dBW/m (at G/T = -1 dB/K)\"C"A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&"i"# K$C""' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)ei""# , Z x  Horizontal uplinkHorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkVertical uplink"7"t#. 3.6401B5.865""t#.*5.8851A3.6607"M"t#. 3.6802B5.905""t#.*5.9252A3.700M"c"t#. 3.7203B5.945""t#.*5.9653A3.740c"y"t#. 3.7604B5.985""t#.*6.0054A3.780y""t#. 3.8005B6.025"&#t#.*"&#"6.0455A3.820"#t#. 3.8406B6.065&#<#t#.*6.0856A3.860##t#. 3.8807B6.105<#R#t#.*6.1257A3.900##t#. 3.9208B6.145R#h#t#.*6.1658A3.940##t#. 3.9609B6.185h#~#t#.*6.2059A3.980# #t#0"4.00010B6.225~##t#0,6.24510A4.020 #"#t#0"4.06011B6.265##t#0,6.28511A4.080"#:#t#0"4.14012B6.305##t#0,6.32512A4.160:#R#t#0"4.12013B6.345##t#0,6.36513A4.140R#j #t#0"4.16014B6.385# #t#0,6.40514A4.180&j # ## 1 #M #'  Ku-bandY # #A#R0(Main transponders16ZM # #A#R2,Backup transponders4W #W #A#R,Power138 W (TWTA)U # #A#R(Bandwidth54 MHzBW #0 #B#TCoverage2 beams: 1 for China & 1 for India+ 1 steerable beamT # #A#R&EIRP max53 dBWS0 # #A#R$G/T max6 dB/Kf% #= #A#RJ SFD-100 dBW/m (at G/T = 7 dB/K)\ # #A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&= # ## K$ # #' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)"l #,##< * X v  ƀȀ HorizontaluplinkHorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkVerticaluplinkbeam" # @## D $4612.2801B14.028North,# @#"(,#@## P 04614.0481A12.300North/South" @#A## D $4612.3402B14.088North(@#UB## P 04614.1082A12.360North/South"A#C## D $4612.4003B14.148North(UB#C## P 04614.1683A12.420North/South"C#D## D $4612.4604B14.208North(C#]E## P 04614.2284A12.480North/South"D#F## D $4612.5205B14.268North2]E#F## d 04614.2885A12.540North/South/Steerable"F#G## D $4612.5806B14.328North2F#yH## d 04614.3486A12.600North/South/Steerable"G#8I## D $4612.6407B14.388North2yH#J## d 04614.4087A12.660North/South/Steerable"8I#J## D $4612.7008B14.448North2J#K## d 04614.4688A12.720North/South/Steerable$J#K#" 1K#K#1WK#>L#dL#T+K#>L#) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&K#dL## : >L#L#1BEL#L##Asiasat 4FdL#L#5 :$f" Asiasat 41 L#M#'  GeneralYL#nM#G#^$") Designation[M#M#A#R4Launch dateearly 2001p#nM#9N#M#jF"N ,Country of originHong-Kongo"M#N#M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^9N#O#A#R:,Geostationary orbit122E\N#bO#G#^*" &Launch vehicleYO#O#G#^$Launch siterNbO#9#$ Was planned for late 1999, but O#9#dL#will be delayed because of the Asian crisis8O#q#' "(OTechnical data89##' " SpecificationsVq##A#R*&Prime contractorN #M#A#RPlatformT##A#R&"Mass at launchSM##A#R$ Mass in orbitO#C#A#RDimensionQ##A#R Solar arraySC##A#R$ StabilizationN #5#A#RDC powerU##A#R($Design lifetimemI5##$ the preliminary design & configuration have been completed (mid-1998)1#(#1W(#|##T+#|#) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&(### 9|#ۄ#1AyGۄ# ##AsiastarE# #5 :"$eT" Asiastar9ۄ#Y## ,Also called AsiaBSS1 ##'  GeneralYY##G#^$") Designatione$#H#A#RHLaunch dateplanned in late-1998t'##M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"H#+#M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^##A#R:,Geostationary orbit105Ej+##M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane&### 8#Q#' "(Technical dataL##0 080|SpecificationsL-band1Q#Έ#1WΈ#"#H#T+#"#) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&Έ#H## ?"##11GG#Ɖ##Program: Aster?H#Ɖ#, ((" Program: AsterI!##( CTelecommunication program of Spectrum Astro Inc. Should offer communication in V-band in 2002. Would be composed of 5 GEO satellites, each providing coverage through 48 spot beams, 8 regional beams and 2 steerable beams. The system uses inter satellite links.Subject to FCC approval1 Ɖ#@#' O ContactH!##' Bhttp://www.spectrumastro.com/1@##1W# #3#T+# #) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&#3## 8 #k#1!yGGk###Astrix8 3##, (" Astrix4k#׌## "Also called A11 ##'  Generalg ׌#o#G#^@") Designation01778 / 65096Ap/#ߍ#A#R^Launch date26 Nov 1965 at 15:47 local timem o#L#M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrance_ߍ##G#^0"H̀MissionScientific_L# #A#R<"Perigee/Apogee527/1697 kmV#`#A#R*Inclination64.3U ##A#R(Period107.5 minn!`#/#M#jB" &A͉#/#3#Launch vehicleDiamant #1Y##A#R0"Mass at launch42 kg/#m#' }First launch of a French satellite by a French launcher; makes France the 3rd space power. It's antenna was damaged during launch thus the technological capsule didn't provide any data5##'  End of life_m##A#R<"Out of service26 Nov 1965[#\#A#R4CauseNever transmited$##" ?\##1GO# #w#Program: AstraK# #5 :.z " Program: AstraW1#a#& cDirect Broadcasting System that covers western Europe. Operated by SES, a company founded in March 1985 by 11 shareholders. Based at the Betzdorff castle in Luxemburg.The first hotbird position of the program was 19.2E Another position at 28.8E will be started in 1997 with the Astra 2 generation.8 ##' "(OTechnical data;a##' ( Analog ModulationU#)#A#R(iBandwidth26 MHz]##A#R8i$Video excursion16 MHz/v[)##A#R4i"Mono bandwidth180 KHz[#<#A#R4i&Mono de-emphasis50 s]##A#R8i&Stereo bandwidth130 KHz]<##A#R8i*Stereo de-emphasis75 s]#S#A#R8i&Stereo expansionPanda 1$#w#" 1S##18##w##z € ܜ(~(~(~(~(~)~)~)~)~&)~')~Program: AstraAstra 1AAstra 1BAstra 1CAstra 1DAstra 1EAstra 1FAstra 1GAstra 1HAstra 1KAstra 2AAstra 2B9##1`H#-#$Astra 1AE#-#5 :"z " Astra 1A1 #^#'  Generalg -##G#^@") Designation19688 / 88109B\^#!#A#R6Launch date11 Dec 1988p###M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgf!##M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVg #^#G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit19.2En!##M#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V27`^#S#' TV programs started on 5 Feb 1989. In 1994 a few transponders were taken over by Astra 1C because of technical problems.Astra 1A will probably be used for satellite news gathering duties from 1998 onwards (after Astra 1H is in position), being placed in an inclined orbit, and moved to either 24.3, 26, or 28.2 degrees East. ("What Satellite TV")8##' "(OTechnical data=S##' , EIRP coverage (dBW)##? LY<Yz#`$A#R|i#`$#Payload mass230 kg: transponders: 184 kg, antennas: 46 kg^#$A#R:iDimension2.9 x 1.6 x 1 m\`$$A#R6iSolar array19.3 m spanY$s$A#R0i Stabilization3 axist3$$A#RfiDC powerBOL: equinox: 2236 W, solstice: 2057 W[s$B$A#R4i Payload power1674.4 W]$$A#R8i$Design lifetime10 yearsz8B$$B#TpiBeacon11.20300 GHz vertical11.44650 GHz horizontal&$?$# B$$' 6 Ku-band (11.2-11.45 GHz)Y?$$A#R0i(Main transponders16Z$4$A#R2i,Backup transponders6O$$A#RiPower45 WU4$$A#R(iBandwidth26 MHzT$,$A#R&iCoverageEuropeT$$A#R&iEIRP max50 dBWX,$$A#R.iPolarizationlinearZ$2$A#R2iUplink14.25-14.5 GHz&$X$# K$2$$' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)?X$\$z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkw$$c#(jk$11.21425H11w\$J$c#(jkV2211.22900w$$c#(jk$11.24375H23wJ$8 $c#(jkV1411.25850w$ $c#(jk$11.27325H15w8 $& $c#(jkV2611.28800w $ $c#(jk$11.30275H27w& $ $c#(jkV1811.31750w $ $c#(jk$11.33225H19x $ $c#*jkV21011.34700x ${ $c#*jk&11.36175H211x $ $c#*jkV11211.37650x{ $k $c#*jk&11.39125H113x $ $c#*jkV21411.40600xk $[$c#*jk&11.42075H215x $$c#*jkV11611.43550$[$$" 1$($1($$e/$$6 <`(~"+Astra 1A's EIRP (H polarization mode 1)1($$1$/@$e/$/@$6 <`(~",Astra 1A'$/@$$s EIRP (H polarization mode 2)1$`@$1`@$@$e//@$@$6 <`(~"-Astra 1A's EIRP (V polarization mode 1)1`@$@$1@$[A$e/@$[A$6 <`(~".Astra 1A's EIRP (V polarization mode 2)9@$A$1 ҃GIA$A$$Astra 1BE[A$A$5 :"z " Astra 1B1 A$ B$'  Generalg A$qB$G#^@") Designation21139 / 91015A[ B$B$A#R4Launch date2 Mar 1991p#qB$ Country of originLuxemburgfB$C$M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVg G$G$A#R|iPayload mass354 kg: transponders: 308 kg, antennas: 46 kg`yG$XH$A#R>iDimension2.2 x 2.9 x 2.3 m\G$H$A#R6iSolar array21.5 m spanYXH$ I$A#R0i Stabilization3 axist3H$I$A#RfiDC powerBOL: equinox: 2790 W, solstice: 2567 WY I$I$A#R0i Payload power2136 W]I$7J$A#R8i$Design lifetime10 yearsz8I$J$B#TpiBeacon11.45350 GHz vertical11.69650 GHz horizontal&7J$J$# BJ$K$' 6 Ku-band (11.45-11.7 GHz)YJ$rK$A#R0i(Main transponders16ZK$K$A#R2i,Backup transponders6OrK$L$A#RiPower60 WUK$pL$A#R(iBandwidth26 MHzTL$L$A#R&iCoverageEuropeVpL$M$A#R*iEIRP max52.5 dBWXL$rM$A#R.iPolarizationlinearZM$M$A#R2iUplink14.0-14.25 GHz&rM$M$# K$M$=N$' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)?M$N$z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkx=N$nO$c#*jk&11.46425H117xN$ $c#*jkV21811.47900nO$ $[A$xnO$$c#*jk&11.49375H219x $$c#*jkV12011.50850x$t$c#*jk&11.52325H121x$$c#*jkV22211.53800xt$d$c#*jk&11.55275H223x$܂$c#*jkV12411.56750xd$T$c#*jk&11.58225H125x܂$̃$c#*jkV22611.59700xT$D$c#*jk&11.61175H227x̃$$c#*jkV12811.62650xD$4$c#*jk&11.64125H129x$$c#*jkV23011.65600x4$$$c#*jk&11.67075H231x$$c#*jkV13211.68550$$$$" 1$$1$V$e/$V$6 <`(~"/Astra 1B's EIRP (H polarization mode 1)1$$1$$e/V$$6 <`(~"0Astra 1B's EIRP (H polarization mode 2)1$$1$$e/$$6 <`(~"1Astra 1B's EIRP (V polarization mode 1)1$$1$$e/$$6 <`(~"2Astra 1B's EIRP (V polarization mode 2)9$Q$1j`HJQ$$$Astra 1CE$$5 :"z " Astra 1C1 Q$lj$'  Generalg $.$G#^@") Designation22653 / 93031A\lj$$A#R6Launch date12 May 1993p#.$$M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgf$`$M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVg $Nj$G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit19.2En!`$5$M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V56N*Nj$$$ TTests were carried out in 14.5E slot.85$$' "(OTechnical data=$$' , EIRP coverage (dBW)$$? L5I\<6I\iDimension2.3 x 2.5 x 2.5 mY$$A#R0i Stabilization3 axisY\$$A#R0iDC power$$$BOL: 3500 W]$w$A#R8i$Design lifetime14 yearsr0$$B#T`iBeacon11.44850 vertical11.45100 horizontal&w$$# A$P$' 4 Ku-band (10.9-11.2 GHz)Y$$A#R0i(Main transponders18ZP$$A#R2i,Backup transponders6O$R$A#RiPower63 WU$$A#R(iBandwidth27 MHzTR$$A#R&iCoverageEuropeV$Q$A#R*iEIRP max52.5 dBWX$$A#R.iPolarizationlinearZQ$$A#R2iUplink13.0-13.25 GHz;$>$$ .Backup for Astra 1AK$$$' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)?>$B$z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkx$$c#*jk&10.96425H133xB$2$c#*jkV23410.97900x$$c#*jk&10.99375H235x2$"$c#*jkV13611.00850x$$c#*jk&11.02325H137x"$$c#*jkV23811.03800x$$c#*jk&11.05275H239x$$c#*jkV14011.06750x$z$c#*jk&11.08225H141x$$c#*jkV24211.09700xz$j$c#*jk&11.11175H243x$$c#*jkV14411.12650xj$Z$c#*jk&11.14125H145x$$c#*jkV24611.15600xZ$J$c#*jk&11.17075H247x$$c#*jkV14811.18550xJ$:$c#*jk&10.92075H263x$$c#*jkV16410.93550$:$$" 1$$1$l$e/$l$6 <`(~"3Astra 1C's EIRP (H polarization mode 1)1$$1$$e/l$$6 <`(~"4Astra 1C's EIRP (H polarization mode 2)1$3$13$$e/$$6 <`(~"5Astra 1C's EIRP (V polarization mode 1)13$$1$:%e/$:%6 <`(~"6$:%$Astra 1C's EIRP (V polarization mode 2)9$s%1I Country of originLuxemburgf%%M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVg %%G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit19.2En!%V%M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V69&%|%# 2 V%%'  Location|%8%m#:   " BeginEndPosition$%%j#H"68L: 1 Nov 1994Feb 199819.2E8%G%j#.Mar 199828.2En%%$ To enable the move from 19.2E to 28.2E, all services of the satellite were moved to Astra 1E & Astra 1G.8G%%' "(OTechnical data=%N%' , EIRP coverage (dBW)%%? L]<]<"]<#]<Horizontal polarization mode 1Horizontal polarization mode 2Vertical polarization mode 1Vertical polarization mode 28N%G%' " Specifications\%%A#R6i&Prime contractorHughesTG%%A#R&iPlatformHS-601[%R%A#R4i"Mass at launch2924 kg`%%A#R>iDimension2.3 x 2.5 x 2.5 mZR% %A#R2iSolar array21 m spanY%e %A#R0i Stabilization3 axisY % %A#R0iDC powerBOL: 3500 W]e % %A#R8i$Design lifetime13 yearsr0 % %B#T`iBeacon11.44750 vertical11.45200 horizontall %# %* $ Launched with the PVA (Perigee Velocity Augmentation) technic: initial parameters were 199.4/31123km.B %e %' 6 Ku-band (10.7-10.95 GHz)Y# % %A#R0(Main transponders14[e % %A#R4,Backup transponders6?O %h %A#RPower63 WU % %A#R(Bandwidth26 MHzTh % %A#R&CoverageEuropeT %e %A#R&EIRP max52 dBWX % %A#R.PolarizationlinearZe %%A#R2Uplink12.75-13.0 GHz& %=%# R+%%' V Ku-band (11.7-12.1 GHz), Astra 1E backupX=%%A#R.(Main transponders4[%B%A#R4,Backup transponders18O%%A#RPower63 WUB% @%A#R(Bandwidth33 MHz% @%:%T%`@%A#R&CoverageEuropeT @%@%A#R&EIRP max52 dBWX`@% A%A#R.PolarizationlinearY@%eA%A#R0Uplink17.3-17.7 GHzB A%A%$ <+ Backup for Astra 1B & 1CK$eA%A%' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)?A%B%z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkxA%#C%c#*jk&10.74125H149xB%C%c#*jkV25010.72900x#C%D%c#*jk&10.74375H251xC%D%c#*jkV15210.75850xD%E%c#*jk&10.77325H153xD%{E%c#*jkV25410.78800xE%E%c#*jk&10.80275H255x{E%kF%c#*jkV15610.81750xE%F%c#*jk&10.83225H157xkF%[G%c#*jkV25810.84700xF%G%c#*jk&10.86175H259x[G%KH%c#*jkV16010.87650xG%H%c#*jk&10.89125H161xKH%;I%c#*jkV26210.90600xH%I%c#*jk&10.92075H263x;I%+J%c#*jkV16410.93550xI%J%c#*jk&11.71950H265x+J%K%c#*jkV26611.73900xJ%K%c#*jk&11.75850H167xK% L%c#*jkV16811.77800$K%/L%" 1 L%`L%1`L%L%e//L%L%6 <`(~"7Astra 1D's EIRP (H polarization mode 1)1`L%L%1L%[M%e/L%[M%6 <`(~"8Astra 1D's EIRP (H polarization mode 2)1L%M%1M%M%e/[M%M%6 <`(~"9Astra 1D's EIRP (V polarization mode 1)1M%"N%1"N%N%e/M%N%6 <`(~":Astra 1D's EIRP (V polarization mode 2)9"N%N%1JjKN%O%%Astra 1EEN%O%5 :"z " Astra 1E1 N%6O%'  Generalg O%O%G#^@") Designation23686 / 95055A\6O% %A#R6Launch date19 Oct 1995O% %N%p#O%|%M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgf %%M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_|%A%A#R<,Geostationary orbit19.2En!%%M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V79\8A% %$ pCost (launch, satellite and insurance): $320 million8%C%' "(OTechnical data= %%' , EIRP coverage (dBW)C%A%? L[^<\^<⵸^<ⶸ^<Horizontal polarization mode 1Horizontal polarization mode 2Vertical polarization mode 1Vertical polarization mode 28%y%' " Specifications\A%Ճ%A#R6i&Prime contractorHughesTy%)%A#R&iPlatformHS-601[Ճ%%A#R4i"Mass at launch3000 kg`)%%A#R>iDimension4.5 x 3.4 x 2.8 m\%@%A#R6iSolar array26.2 m spanY%%A#R0i Stabilization3 axisf$@%%B#THiDC powerBOL: 5500 WEOL: 4700 W]%\%A#R8i$Design lifetime14 yearsz8%ֆ%B#TpiBeacon11.20200 GHz vertical10.94850 GHz horizontal&\%%# Aֆ%=%' 4 Ku-band (11.7-12.1 GHz)Y%%A#R0(Main transponders18Z=%%A#R2,Backup transponders6O%?%A#RPower85 WU%%A#R(Bandwidth33 MHzT?%%A#R&CoverageEuropeT%<%A#R&EIRP max52 dBWX%%A#R.PolarizationlinearY<%%A#R0Uplink17.3-17.7 GHzF"%3%$ D+ backup for Astra 1B, 1C & 1DK$%~%' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)?3%7%z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkx~%%c#*jk&11.71950H165x7%'%c#*jkV26611.73900x%%c#*jk&11.75850H267x'%%c#*jkV16811.77800x%%c#*jk&11.79750H169x%%c#*jkV27011.81700x%%c#*jk&11.83650H271x%%c#*jkV17211.85600x%o%c#*jk&11.87550H173x% %c#*jkV27411.89500o% %N%xo%%c#*jk&11.91450H275x %%c#*jkV17611.93400x%t%c#*jk&11.95350H177x%%c#*jkV27811.97300xt%d%c#*jk&11.99250H279x%%c#*jkV18012.01200xd%T%c#*jk&12.03150H181x%%c#*jkV28212.05100$T%%" 1%!%1!%%e/%%6 <`(~";Astra 1E's EIRP (H polarization mode 1)1!%%1%%e/%%6 <`(~"<Astra 1E's EIRP (H polarization mode 2)1%M%1M%%e/%%6 <`(~"=Astra 1E's EIRP (V polarization mode 1)1M%%1%H%e/%H%6 <`(~">Astra 1E's EIRP (V polarization mode 2)9%%1 Country of originLuxemburgf%%M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_)%%A#R<,Geostationary orbit19.2Eo"%]%M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #241@%%$ 8Launch cost: $60 million8]%%' "(OTechnical data=%%' , EIRP coverage (dBW)%%? L_<_iDimension2.3 x 2.5 x 2.5 mZp%*%A#R2iSolar array26 m spanY%%A#R0i Stabilization3 axisY*%%A#R0iDC powerBOL: 4700 W]%9%A#R8i$Design lifetime13 yearsr0%%B#T`iBeacon11.20100 vertical10.94650 horizontal&9%%# A%%' 4 Ku-band (12.1-12.5 GHz)`%r%A#R>(Main transponders20 or 22?Z%%A#R2,Backup transponders8Or%'&A#R%'&H%Power82 WU%|&A#R(Bandwidth33 MHzT'&&A#R&CoverageEuropeT|&$&A#R&EIRP max52 dBWX&|&A#R.PolarizationlinearY$&&A#R0Uplink17.7-18.1 GHzB|&&$ <+ backup for Astra 1A & 1EK$&b&' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)?&&z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkxb&&c#*jk&12.07050H283x& &c#*jkV18412.09000x&&c#*jk&12.10950H185x &&c#*jkV28612.12900x&s&c#*jk&12.14850H287x&&c#*jkV18812.16800xs&c&c#*jk&12.18750H189x&&c#*jkV29012.20700xc&S&c#*jk&12.22650H291x&&c#*jkV19212.24600xS&C&c#*jk&12.26550H193x&&c#*jkV29412.28500xC&3 &c#*jk&12.30450H295x& &c#*jkV19612.32400x3 &# &c#*jk&12.34350H197x & &c#*jkV29812.36300x# & &c#*jk&12.38250H299y & &c#,jkV110012.40200y & &c#,jk(12.42150H1101y &~ &c#,jkV210212.44100y & &c#,jk(12.46050H2103y~ &p &c#,jkV110412.48000$ & &" 1p & &1 &*&e/ &*&6 <`)~"?Astra 1F's EIRP (H polarization mode 1)1 &[&1[&&e/*&&6 <`)~"@Astra 1F's EIRP (H polarization mode 2)1[&&1&V&e/&V&6 <`)~"AAstra 1F's EIRP (V polarization mode 1)1&&1 & @&e/V& @&6 <`)~"BAstra 1F's EIRP (V polarization mode 2)& @&V&9&E@&1jKM E@&@&I&Astra 1GE @&@&5 :"z " Astra 1G1 E@&@&'  Generalg @&"A&G#^@") Designation25071 / 97076A[@&}A&A#R4Launch date2 Dec 1997p#"A&A&M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgf}A&SB&M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_A&B&A#R<,Geostationary orbit19.2Eo"SB&!C&M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #254&B&GC&# 8!C&C&' "(OTechnical data=GC&C&' , EIRP coverage (dBW)6 C&C&) ".~Astra 1G8C&*D&' " Specifications\C&D&A#R6&Prime contractorHughesV*D&D&A#R*PlatformHS-601HP[D&7E&A#R4"Mass at launch3379 kgZD&E&A#R2 Mass in orbit2485 kgP7E&E&A#RDimensionsa E&BF&A#R@Solar arraygallium arsenideYE&F&A#R0 Stabilization3 axisTBF&F&A#R&DC power8000 W]F&LG&A#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsL F&G&A#RBeaconkFLG&I&% Uses a new aerial design consisting of 2 ultra lightweight reflectors using Hughes' proprietary Contured Surface Technonlogy. Instead of conventional chemical rocket motors, Astra 1G incorporates a Xenon ion-drive for high power and reduced launch weight. But for security both standard and Xenon propulsion was installed.BG&EI&' 6 Ku-band (12.5-12.75 GHz)YI&I&A#R0(Main transponders16YEI&I&A#R0,Backup transpondersXI&OJ&A#R.Power98.5 W (TWTA)UI&J&A#R(Bandwidth26 MHz\OJ&K&G#^*.~CoverageEuropeTJ&TK&A#R&EIRP max52 dBWRK&K&A#R"PolarizationM TK&K&A#RUplink?&K&L&# L%K&eL&' J Ku-band, backup for Astra 1E or 1Fm,L&L&A#RX(Main transponders18 for 1E or 22 for 1FYeL&+M&A#R0,Backup transpondersXL&M&A#R.Power98.5 W (TWTA)U+M&M&A#R(Bandwidth33 MHz\M&4N&G#^*.~CoverageEuropeTM&N&A#R&EIRP max52 dBWR4N&N&A#R"PolarizationfN&O&B#TFrequenciesdownlink: 11.7-12.1 GHz for Astra 1E, 12.1-12.5 GHz for Astra 1Fuplink: 17.3-18.1 GHz&N&O&# K$O& &' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)O& & @&?O&ŀ&z#Ā~jk . > T HorizontalDownlinkBeamChannelVerticalDownlinkv &;&c#&jk"12.515H105vŀ&&c#&jk V10612.522v;&'&c#&jk"12.545H107v&&c#&jk V10812.552v'&&c#&jk"12.574H109v&&c#&jk V11012.581v&&c#&jk"12.604H111v&u&c#&jk V11212.610v&&c#&jk"12.633H113vu&a&c#&jk V11412.640v&ׅ&c#&jk"12.663H115va&M&c#&jk V11612.670vׅ&Æ&c#&jk"12.692H117vM&9&c#&jk V11812.699vÆ&&c#&jk"12.722H119v9&%&c#&jk V12012.728$&I&" 1%&z&1~ z&Lj&MI&Lj&6 <0)~"CAstra 1G's EIRP9z&&1yLN &E&&Astra 1HELj&E&5 :"z " Astra 1H1 &v&'  GeneralYE&ω&G#^$") DesignationUv&$&A#R(Launch date1997p#ω&&M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgf$&&M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_&Y&A#R<,Geostationary orbit19.2E|)&Ջ&S#vR" (&㉓g2!Launch vehicleProton or ArianeQY&&&A#R Launch siteՋ&&' QBackup of the 1A or 1E to 1G satellitesPARIS, May 6 1996 (Reuter) - Arianespace said it had signed a long-term contract with Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES) to put six Astra television satellites in orbit with Ariane 4 and 5 rockets. The contract, signed by SES chief executive Romain Bausch and Arianespace executive chairman Charles Bigot, is for three firm launches and three options between 1997 and 2000.8&&-&' "(OTechnical data8&e&' " Specifications\-&&A#R6&Prime contractorHughesVe&&A#R*PlatformHS-601HPc"&z&A#RD"Mass at launch3300 or 3600 kgS&͏&A#R$ Mass in orbitL z&%&A#R͏&%&Lj&LengthK ͏&p&A#RWidthL %&&A#RHeighta p&&A#R@Solar arraygallium arsenideY&v&A#R0 Stabilization3 axisT&&A#R&DC power8000 W]v&'&A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&&M&# Q*'&&' T Ku-band (backup for Astra 1E, 1F or 1G)t3M&&A#Rf(Main transponders28 (32 for the first 5 years)Y&k&A#R0,Backup transpondersX&&A#R.Power98.5 W (TWTA)k*k&.&A#RTBandwidth26 MHz in FSS, 33 MHZ in BSSN &|&A#RCoverageT.&&A#R&EIRP max51 dBWR|&"&A#R"Polarizationv&&B#TFrequenciesdownlink: 11.7-12.1 GHz for Astra 1E, 12.1-12.5 GHz for Astra 1F, 12.5-12.75 GHz for Astra 1Guplink ?&"&&# 1 &1&'  Ka-bandX&&A#R.(Main transponders2Y1&&A#R0,Backup transpondersK &-&A#RPowerO&|&A#RBandwidthN -&&A#RCoverageN |&&A#REIRP maxR&j&A#R"Polarization&&&# 1j&&1W &&;&T+&&) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&&;&# 1&l&1~l&&M;&&6 <0)~"CAstra 1H's EIRP1l&&1W&>&d&T+&>&) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&&d&# 9>&&1-WN&& 'Astra 1KEd&&5 :"z " Astra 1K1 &&'  GeneralY&l&G#^$") DesignationZ&&A#R2Launch datelate 2000p#l&6&M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgf&&M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_6&&A#R<,Geostationary orbit19.2El&g&M#j>" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 5Q&&A#R Launch sitejg&G&% Astra's mega satellite to replace all Astra 1A to 1D. Will provide increased coverage in Eastern Europe and the CIS. It will also implement ARCS (Astra Return Channel System); this uses Ka-band to receive signals from satellite uplink systems on homes and businesses. The hardware needed on the client end is a simple as a 30 cm dish and a cheap transmitter.8&&' "(OTechnical data=G&&' , EIRP coverage (dBW)J&'0 04PjPjMission 1Missio&'d&n 28&J'' " Specificationsb!''A#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale^J' 'A#R:PlatformSpacebus 3000B3S['e'A#R4"Mass at launch4450 kgS ''A#R$ Mass in orbitPe''A#RDimensionsQ'Y'A#R Solar arrayY''A#R0 Stabilization3-axisUY''A#R(DC power13000 W]'d'A#R8$Design lifetime13 years<''$ 09 antenna reflectors1 d'''  Ku-bandl+'='A#RV(Main transponders52 (46 after 5 years)Z''A#R2,Backup transponders7W=''A#R,Power105 W (TWTA)U'C'A#R(Bandwidth26 MHz''O#l*,PjPjCoverage & max EIRPMission 1: replacement & backup for Ku-low-band: 52 dBWMission 2: Continental Europe & UK: 53.5 dBWM C'_'A#RG/T maxR''A#R"Polarization&_''# 1 '''  Ka-bandX'`'A#R.(Main transponders2Y''A#R0,Backup transpondersV`''A#R*Power66 W (TWTA)V'e'A#R*Bandwidth500 MHzl+''A#RVCoveragemultiple spot beams (16 beams)Te'% 'A#R&EIRP max55 dBWM 'r 'A#RG/T maxR% ' 'A#R"Polarization&r ' '# 1 ' '1W 'o ' 'T+ 'o ') "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& ' '# 1o ' '1 ' 'W! ' '6 Country of originLuxemburgf]'3'M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_''A#R<,Geostationary orbit28.2Ej3' @'M#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton' @' 'Y'e@'G#^$Launch sitepJ @'A'& Half of the capacity (14 transponders) has been booked by BskyB.The launched was originally booked with Ariane but due to technical problems with the satellite's bipropellant apogee motor the Proton launcher is more suitable (direct GEO injection). The Ariane contract is not cancelled and will be used for another satellite.8e@' B'' "(OTechnical data=A'JB'' , EIRP coverage (dBW)R" B'B'0 0D}nYĂNorthern beamSouthern beam8JB'B'' " Specifications\B'0C'A#R6&Prime contractorHughesVB'C'A#R*PlatformHS-601HP[0C'C'A#R4"Mass at launch3300 kgSC'4D'A#R$ Mass in orbitOC'D'A#RDimensionQ4D'D'A#R Solar arrayYD'-E'A#R0 Stabilization3 axisTD'E'A#R&DC power7000 W]-E'E'A#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsfBE'DF'$ For security both standard and Xenon propulsion was installed.AE'F'' 4 Ku-band (11.7-12.5 GHz)t3DF'F'A#Rf(Main transponders28 (32 for the first 5 years)YF'RG'A#R0,Backup transpondersPF'G'A#RPower100 Wk*RG' H'A#RTBandwidth26 MHz in FSS, 33 MHz in BSSN G'[H'A#RCoverageT H'H'A#R&EIRP max52 dBWR[H'I'A#R"Polarization&H''I'# 1I'XI'1WXI'I'I'T+'I'I') "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&XI'I'# 1I'J'1J'YJ'V I'YJ'6 M'G#^$") DesignationZL'M'A#R2Launch datelate 1998p#>M'N'M#jF"N ,L> Country of originLuxemburgfM'nN'M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_N'N'A#R<,Geostationary orbit28.2EjnN'7O'M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeYN'O'G#^$Launch site&7O'O'# 8O' '' "(OTechnical dataO' '6L'8O'D'' " Specificationsi( ''A#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space`D' 'A#R>PlatformEurostar 2000 plus['h'A#R4"Mass at launch3300 kgS ''A#R$ Mass in orbitOh' 'A#RDimensionQ'['A#R Solar arrayY ''A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN [''A#RDC power]'_'A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&''# A_'ƃ'' 4 Ku-band (11.7-12.5 GHz)t3':'A#Rf(Main transponders28 (30 for the first 5 years)Yƃ''A#R0,Backup transpondersP:''A#RPower108 Wk*'N'A#RTBandwidth26 MHz in FSS, 33 MHz in BSSN ''A#RCoverageTN''A#R&EIRP max52 dBWR'B'A#R"Polarization&'h'# BB''' 6 Ku-band (12.5-12.75 GHz)Yh''A#R0(Main transponders16Y'\'A#R0,Backup transpondersK ''A#RPowerO\''A#RBandwidthY'O'A#R0Coveragemobile beamN ''A#REIRP maxRO''A#R"Polarization&''# 1'F'1WF'''T+'') "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&F''# 9''1GO':''Astrid 1A':'2 4 "  Astrid 11 'k''  Generalg :'Ҋ'G#^@") Designation23464 / 95002Bh'k':'A#RNLaunch date24 Jan 1995 at 03:54 UTm Ҋ''M#j@"N ,ˆtCountry of originSwedeng&:''A#RLOperatorSwedish Space Corporation@''S#v"H̀(?vd;plMissionScientific: ionosphere and magnetosphere study_''A#R<"Perigee/Apogee968/1023 kmV'V'A#R*Inclination82.9S''A#R$Period105 mineV''G#^<" &Launch vehicleCosmos 3M_'m'A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132&''' The satellite will initially be controlled from Swedish Space Corporation's ground station at ESRANGE in Kiruna in Northern Sweden. Thereafter control will be taken from Esrange, by the Swedish Institute of Space Physics in Kiruna.The payload, which will emphasize studies of energetic neutral particles in the Earth's magnetosphere, includes PIPPI, the neutram'''l particle imager; MIO, the miniature UV imaging system (with optical, UV continuum and Lyman alpha monitors) and EMIL, an electron spectrometer.<m''' *O External resourcesQ*','' Thttp://www.ssc.se/ssd/msat/astrid.html5'a''  End of life\,''A#R6"Out of serviceMar 1995Xa''A#R.Causeshort circuitK '`'A#RDecay&''# 8`''' "(OTechnical data8''' " Specifications''C#T%&Prime contractorPlatform: Swedish Space Corporation's Science Systems Division in SolnaPayload: Swedish Institute of Space Physics in KirunaU' 'A#R(PlatformFreja CY'y'A#R0"Mass at launch28 kgS ''A#R$ Mass in orbitRy''A#R"Length0.45 mQ'o'A#R Width0.45 mQ''A#R Height0.4 ma o'!'A#R@Solar array4 wings, siliconb!''A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedW!''A#R,DC power28 V +-4v]'7'A#R8$Design lifetime3 months&']'# ?7''' 0 UHF-band (400.55 MHz)X]''A#R.(Main transponders1Z'N'A#R2,Backup transponders0N ''A#RPower2 WUN''A#R(Bandwidth50 kHz]'N'A#R8CoverageomnidirectionalV''A#R*EIRP max-12-0 dBVN''A#R*PolarizationRHCPU'O'A#R(Data flow8 kbps&'u'# ?O''' 0 S-band (2208.629 MHz)Xu' 'A#R.(Main transponders1Z'f'A#R2,Backup transponders0N ''A#RPower2 WVf' 'A#R*Bandwidth890 kHz]'g'A#R8CoverageomnidirectionalV ''A#R*EIRP max-6- 2 dBVg''A#R*PolarizationRHCPW'j'A#R,Data flow128 kbps&''# &j''# 9''1{ OP'0'U (Astrid 2A'0'2 4 "  Astrid 21 'a''  GeneralY0''G#^$") Designationd#a''A#RFLaunch dateplanned in mid-1997m ''M#j@"N ,ˆtCountry of originSwedeng&' (A#RLOperatorSwedish Space Corporation' ('@'(S#v"H̀(?vd;plMissionScientific: ionosphere and magnetosphere study[ ((A#R4"Perigee/Apogee1000 kmT(N(A#R&Inclination83L ((A#RPeriodbN((G#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosY(U(A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&({(# <U((' *O External resourcesV/{( (' ^http://www.ssc.se/ssc/ssd/msat/astrid2.html8(E(' "(OTechnical data8 (}(' " SpecificationsVE((A#R*&Prime contractorN }(!(A#RPlatform[(|(A#R4"Mass at launch< 35 kgW!((A#R,Payload mass10 kgR|(%(A#R"Length1.10 mQ(v(A#R Width1.70 mR%((A#R"Height0.30 ma v()(A#R@Solar array4 wings, siliconb!((A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedW)((A#R,DC power28 V +-4vU(7(A#R($Design lifetime&(](# <7((' *O Scientific payload]((( EMMA (Electrical and Magnetic field Monitoring of the Aurora)LINDA (Langmuir INterferometer and Density experiment for Astrid-2)MEDUSA (Miniaturized Electrostatic DUal-tophat Spherical Analyzer)PIA (Photometers for Imaging the Aurora)0 (('  S-bandX(: (A#R.(Main transponders1Y( (A#R0,Backup transpondersK : ( (A#RPowerO (- (A#RBandwidth] ( (A#R8CoverageomnidirectionalN - ( (A#REIRP maxW (/ (A#R,Data flow128 kbps& (U (# 1/ ( (1W  ( ( (T+U ( () "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& ( (# ? (? (1OnQ!? ( (M (Program: AstroK ( (5 :.z " Program: Astro@? ( (# :Astronomy Japanese program< ( (' *O External resourcesG (M (' @http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/1 (~ (1"~ ((FM ((O n ܜProgram: AstroAstro AAstro BAstro CAstro DAstro E8~ (K(1^P#K((C(Astro AD((5 : z " Astro A:K((# .Also called Hinotori1 (('  Generalg (a(G#^@") Designation12307 / 81017A\((A#R6Launch date21 Feb 1981la(5@(M#j>"N ,(5@((bCountry of originJapanr%(@(M#jJ"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun study^5@(A(A#R:"Perigee/Apogee573/639 kmV@([A(A#R*Inclination31.3TA(A(A#R&Period96.7 minj[A(B(M#j:" & Launch vehicleMu 3S1ZA(sB(A#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZB(B(A#R2"Mass at launch195 kg&sB(B(# 5B((C('  End of lifeVB(~C(A#R*Decay11 Jul 1991$(C(C(" 8~C(C(1={PRP$C(D(*I(Astro BDC(D(5 : z " Astro B7C(UD(# (Also called Tenma1 D(D('  Generalg UD(D(G#^@") Designation13829 / 83011A\D(IE(A#R6Launch date20 Feb 1983lD(E(M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanx+IE(-F(M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^E(F(A#R:"Perigee/Apogee431/438 kmV-F(F(A#R*Inclination31.5TF(5G(A#R&Period93.3 minjF(G(M#j:" & Launch vehicleMu 3S1\5G(G(A#R6Launch siteTanegashimaZG(UH(A#R2"Mass at launch220 kg&G({H(# 5UH(H('  End of lifeV{H(I(A#R*Decay17 Dec 1988$H(*I(" 8I(bI(1PP%bI(I(rO(Astro CD*I(I(5 : z " Astro C7bI(I(# (Also called Ginga1 I(J('  Generalg I(uJ(G#^@") Designation17480 / 87012A[J(J(A#R4Launch date5 Feb 1987luJ("N ,bCountry of originJapanx+J(K(M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^M(N(' |http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/xray/mission/ginga/gingaE.html&9N(N(# 5N(N('  End of lifeUN(NO(A#R(Decay1 Nov 1991$N(rO(" 8NO(O(1H RPvQ&O( ((Astro DDrO( (5 : z " Astro DO( (rO(sPO((# Also called Asuka or ASCA (Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics)1 (('  Generalg ((G#^@") Designation22521 / 93011Ah'((A#RNLaunch date20 Feb 1993 at 02:00 UTl((M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanR(=(A#R"OperatorISASx+((M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^=((A#R:"Perigee/Apogee538/645 kmV(i(A#R*Inclination31.1T((A#R&Period96.5 minki(((M#j<" & Launch vehicleMu 3S 2Z((A#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZ((܄(A#R2"Mass at launch420 kg((& _First truly telescopic telecope in space and first Japanese X-ray imaging telescope (its previous X-ray satellites have carried x-ray detectors without focussing optics).<܄((' *O External resourcesi((. ,http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/xray/mission/asca/ascaE.htmlhttp://nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov/asca/asca.html8((' "(OTechnical data8((' " SpecificationsL((A#R&Prime contractorNagoya's university and the Goddard Space Flight CenterN (χ(A#RPlatformZ()(A#R2"Mass at launch420 kgSχ(|(A#R$ Mass in orbity8)((A#RpDimension1.2 m diameter x 2.8 m long (4 m deployed)Q|(F(A#R Solar arrayS((A#R$ StabilizationXF((A#R.DC powerBOL: 600 W`(Q(A#R>$Design lifetime2 + 2 years((- (۰FIIs equipped with 4 focal mirrors of 3.5 m and CCD detectors. The sensitiveness should be 100 times greater than HEAO 2. It carries CCD detectors and an imaging proportional counter. The spacecraft is sensitive to the 0.5-12 keV energy range. The Asuka telescope has a 30 arcmin field of view and 2 arcmin spatial resolution.Telemetry: 2256.22 MHz (playback: 262144 bps, via DSN)8Q(8(1cP'8(|((Astro ED(|(5 : z " Astro EL)8(Ȍ(# Rplanned to be launched in 1999 by Mu-5<|((' *O External resources|Ȍ((. ,http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/xray/mission/astroe/astroeE.htmlhttp://lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xray/astroe/astroe.html1(ߍ(1W(ߍ(3(Y(T+(3() "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ߍ(Y(# C3((1 P=")(ߎ(4(Program: AstrolinkCY(ߎ(, (0" Program: Astrolink((, &'\gAstrolink is a Lockheed Martin telecommunication program, based on Ka-band. It was partially approved by FCC in May 1997 (not the inter orbit links). 9 GEO interconnected satellites are planned. Cost: $4.25 billion Should be ready in 2002. ߎ((Y(TRW should provide the payload Lockheed proposes to offer services such as global Internet service, videoconferencing, distance learning, telemedicine, high-speed data networks and "bandwidth on demand." <ߎ((' *O External resourcesC([(' 8http://www.astrolink.com8((' "(Technical data[(j(* "[2 satellites per slots at 97W, 21.5W, 38E & 130E1 satellite at 175.25EUser terminals: 65 to 120 cm in diameter Fixed gateway terminals: 3 mSatellite to regional gateway links: 155 mbpsSatellite to user links: from 16 kbps to 9.6 mbps (depending on user requirements and dish sizes: the larger the dish, the faster the data rate)The standard low-cost terminal will enable transmission speeds from 16 kpbs to 384 kbps8((' " Specificationse$j((A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinS(Z(A#R$PlatformA2100T((A#R&"Mass at launchSZ((A#R$ Mass in orbitO(P(A#RDimensionQ((A#R Solar arraySP((A#R$ StabilizationN (B(A#RDC powerU((A#R($Design lifetime&B((# 1 (('  Ka-bandY(G(A#R0(Main transponders68Y((A#R0,Backup transpondersK G((A#RPowerI(v(B#TBandwidth64 x 125 MHz (user terminal)4 x 250 MHz (gateway terminal)`((A#R>Coveragemultiple spot beamN v($(A#REIRP max\((A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VM$((B#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.25-29.5 GHzDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHz%(4(& On-board processingA Time Division Multiplexed (TDM)/Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) scheme is to be used on the user terminal uplinks. On user terminal downlinks, a 130 Mbps TDM signal will be transmitted in each beam from each satellite.1(e(1W*e(((T+4(() "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&e((# 9((1="R+(Q()Asusat 19 (Q(, (" Asusat 11 (('  GeneralYQ((G#^$") Designationd#(?(A#RFLaunch dateplanned in mid 1998t'((M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesU?((G#^"H̀MissionT(\(A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ((A#R InclinationL \((A#RPeriodj(c(M#j:" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus[((A#R4Launch siteVandenbergc()' +Designed by Arizona State()( UniversityIt is equipped with 2 digital cameras for tracking changes to Earth's coasts and forests. Has a HAM payload<()' *O External resourcesX1))' bhttp://enws229.eas.asu.edu/asusat/asusat.html8)R)' "(OTechnical data?))' 0O Frequency chart (MHz)W3R))$ fUplink: 145.990 MHz FM Downlink: 436.700 MHz FM1))1W,)m))T+)m)) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&))# = m))1QS-)))Program: ATSI))5 :*_c%" Program: ATS))) 3 Application Technology SatelliteAmerican multipurpose satellites designed to test new space instruments and demonstrate new satellite technologies.1) )1. ))z2))H `dMZSSSSSProgram: ATSATS 1ATS 3ATS 5ATS 66 ))1$R/)) )ATS 1B ))5 :_c%" ATS 11 )/)'  Generalg ))G#^@") Designation02608 / 66110A[/))A#R4Launch date7 Dec 1966t')e)M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States=))M#jz"H̀DVMissionMeteorology and communication experimentation^e)M)A#R:,Geostationary orbit149Wq$))M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena DM))% Transmitted the first high resolution photos of the Earth. It also relayed color television across the U.S. and was the first satellite to permit two-way VHF communication between ground and aircraft in flight.<))' *O External resourcesV/)K )' ^http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/ats1.html&)q )# 5K ) )'  End of lifeWq ) )A#R,"Out of serviceyes& )# )# 8 )[ )' "(OTechnical dataK(# ) )# PTransmits on 137.35 MHz (weak signal)6[ ) )1 RR0 ) )E)ATS 3B ) )5 :_c%" ATS 31 )O )'  Generalg  ) )G#^@") Designation03029 / 67111A[O ) )A#R4Launch date5 Nov 1967t' ) )M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+ ) )M#jV"H̀DVMissionMeteorology experimentationb! )_ )A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$ ) )M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D__ )/)A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral ))' Carried advanced communications, meteorology, and navigation experiments. Provided the first color pictures of the Earth and proved the interest of maritime communications via satellite. Transmitted the first space communication between an Earth station and a plane on 21 Nov 1967 above the Atlantic.Since 1980 the satellite transmit data to and from Antartica, especially the Internet.: /)$@)- *)$@) )/ۀ Locationv)@)^#0 BeginEndPosition$@)A)j#4"&(L: 5 Nov 196747W@)A)j#2"$Jun 1988...105WL)A)A)# ROldest satellite still station keeping<A))B)' *O External resourcesV/A)B)' ^http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/ats3.html&)B)B)# 8B)B)' "(OTechnical dataK$B)(C)' H Transponder frequency chart (MHz)!B)C)a#B  * UplinkChannelDownlinkh(C)D)R#t,149.1751135.555hC)zD)R#t,149.1952135.575hD)D)R#t,149.2203135.600hzD)JE)R#t,149.2454135.625hD)E)R#t,149.2655135.645&JE)E)# 6E)F)1$R-R1F)PF)K)ATS 5B E)PF)5 :_c%" ATS 51 F)F)'  Generalg PF)F)G#^@") Designation04068 / 69069A\F)DG)A#R6Launch date12 Aug 1969t'F)G)M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States2DG)7H)M#jd"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications experimentationYG)H)A#R0,Geostationary orbit\7H)H)G#^*" &Launch vehicle_H)KI)A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralkGH)I)$ Provided data on auroran phenomenons and propagation in ionosphere.<KI)I)' * External resourcesV/I)HJ)' ^http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/ats5.html&I)nJ)# 5HJ)J)'  End of lifeWnJ)J)A#R,"Out of serviceyes$J)K)" 6J)TK)1R2TK)K))ATS 6B K)K)5 :_c%" ATS 61 TK)K)'  Generalg K).L)G#^@") Designation07318 / 74039A\K)L)A#R6Launch date30 May 1974t'.L)L)M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"L)mM)M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]L)M)A#R8,Geostationary orbit95Wo"mM)9N)M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #78ZM)N)A#R2"Mass at launch930 kg9N)h)+ $= Numerous telecommunications experiments were carried out. With the satellite's 9 m antenna only small Earth antennas were needed. Scholar TV was provided to american children in the Rockies and Alaska. It was also used by SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment) in 1975 to try and solve educational probleN)h)K)ms of India (half success). It also enabled communications between 2 unmanned spacecrafts.<N))' *O External resourceseh)7). ,http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/ats6.htmlhttp://uss-enterprise.bu.edu/BUSPACE/ATS6/ats6.html&)])# 57))'  End of life_]))A#R<"Out of service30 Jun 1979$))" 5)J)1R5S3J)))Aura5 )), (" Aura5J))# $Also called D2B1 ))'  Generalg )L)G#^@") Designation08332 / 75092A\))A#R6Launch date27 Sep 1975m L))M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancer%))M#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomy^))A#R:"Perigee/Apogee476/697 kmV);)A#R*Inclination37.1T))A#R&Period96.5 mino";))M#jD" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #12Z)X)A#R2"Mass at launch120 kg&)~)# 5X))'  End of life_~))A#R<"Out of service28 Dec 1976_)q)A#R<CauseStopped transmittingV)LJ)A#R*Decay30 Sep 1982$q))" ALJ),)1SS4,)})ш)Program: AuroleQ)})8 @4x&" Program: AuroleT/,)ш)% ^Also called OreolFrench scientific program1}))15)}){:ш)})A Rtqe2y`3y`4y`Program: AuroleAurole 1Aurole 2Aurole 3: ))1S6))̍)Aurole 1J}))8 @&x&" Aurole 11 )2)'  Generalg ))G#^@") Designation05729 / 71119A\2))A#R6Launch date27 Dec 1971m )b)M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancey,)ۋ)M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_b):)A#R<"Perigee/Apogee388/1954 kmTۋ))A#R&Inclination74U:))A#R(Period108.8 minl)O)M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY))A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$O)̍)" : ))1S~S7)P)')Aurole 2J̍)P)8 @&x&" Aurole 21 ))'  Generalg P))G#^@") Designation07003 / 73107A\)D)A#R6Launch date26 Dec 1973m ))M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancey,D)6)M#jX"H̀?v)6)̍)MissionScientific: ionosphere study_))A#R<"Perigee/Apogee387/1441 kmT6))A#R&Inclination74U)>)A#R(Period103.3 minl))M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY>))A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$)')" : )a)1S8a))6)Aurole 3F'))5 :$x&" Aurole 31 a))'  Generalg )?)G#^@") Designation12848 / 81093A\))A#R6Launch date21 Sep 1981m ?))M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrance@))S#v"H̀(?vd;plMissionScientific: ionosphere and magnetosphere study_))A#R<"Perigee/Apogee394/1672 kmV)P)A#R*Inclination82.5U))A#R(Period105.8 minm P))M#j@" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3$)6)" @)v)15SjT9v))a)Program: AuroraP6))8 @2Yl#" Program: Auroraev)a)6 <ap]D"Telecommunication program operated by Alascom. Aurora 2 is partly operated with GE Americom1))1:))e+a)): DV[Y]]Program: AuroraAurora 1Aurora 21)()1U;()))=)e)# 4Aurora's specificationsd#())A#RF0&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceUe))A#R(0PlatformGE 3000Y)w)A#R00 Mass in orbit760 kgc"))A#RD0Dimension1.63 x 1.32 x 0.99 mYw)3)A#R00 Stabilization3 axisY))A#R00DC powerBOL: 1400 Wm+3))B#TV0$Design lifetime1: 10 years2: 12 years$))" 9)V)1E T<V))*Aurora_1E))5 :"Yl#" Aurora 1:V))# .Also called Satcom 51 ))'  Generalg )m)G#^@") Designation13631 / 82105A\))A#R6Launch date28 Oct 1982t'm)=)M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"))M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!=))A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&))M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #165[))A#R4"Mass at launch1084 kg&))# : )<)- */ۀ Location))m#:   " BeginEndPosition<)X*j#8)X*)$(*L: 28 Oct 1982139W})*j#&1992?143WX*X*j#2"$Feb 1995...105W&*~*# 8X**' "(Technical data<~**) "&#Specifications0 *"*'  C-bandY*{*A#R0(Main transponders24Z"**A#R2,Backup transponders4W{*,*A#R,Power8.5 W (SSPA)U**A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN ,**A#RCoverageT*#*A#R&EIRP max34 dBWX*{*A#R.Polarizationlinear$#**" 9{**1P/S=*!*@ *Aurora 2I*!*8 @$Yl#" Aurora 2;*\*# 0Also called Satcom C51 !**'  Generalg \**G#^@") Designation21392 / 91037A\*P*A#R6Launch date29 May 1991t'**M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"P*3*M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf**G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit139Wp#3* *M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #205[*d*A#R4"Mass at launch1338 kg& **# 8d**' "(Technical dataN*G *7 >Z##ھEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-band transponder frequency chart0 *w *'  C-bandYG * *A#R0(Main transponders24Zw ** *A#R2,Backup transponders8V * *A#R*Power11 W (SSPA)U* * *A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzY *p *B#TCoverageOdd transponders to the United StatesEven transponders to Alaska and CanadaT * *A#R&EIRP max34 dBWXp * *A#R.Polarizationlinear$ *@ *" 1 *q *1>q * *Q@ * *6 <8]"HAurora 2's EIRP map5q * *1j S,T? *, *[F*AXAF5 *, *, (" AXAFJ' *v *# NAdvanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility1 , * *'  GeneralYv **G#^$") Designationd# *d*A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Aug 1998t'**M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesRd***A#R"OperatorNASAx+**M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomyc"**@*A#RD"Perigee/Apogee10000/140000*@* * kmV*g@*A#R*Inclination28.5L @*@*A#RPeriodk$g@*A*G#^H" &Launch vehicleSTS 93 with IUSQ@*oA*A#R Launch siteA*0B*3 4r#W10 m focal length telescopeACIS: camera with 10 X-ray CCD imagers based on Astro D technologyHRC: camera similar to Rosat technology<oA*lB*' *O External resourcesn@0B*B*. ,http://xrtpub.harvard.edu/pub.htmlhttp://asc.harvard.edu/8lB*C*' "(OTechnical data8B*JC*' " SpecificationsYC*C*A#R0&Prime contractorTRWN JC*C*A#RPlatform[C*LD*A#R4"Mass at launch5200 kgSC*D*A#R$ Mass in orbitOLD*D*A#RDimensionQD*?E*A#R Solar arraySD*E*A#R$ StabilizationN ?E*E*A#RDC powerUE*5F*A#R($Design lifetime&E*[F*# 15F*F*1W@F*F*G*T+[F*F*) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&F*G*# ?F*EG*1gjTUAEG*G*H*Program: AyameKG*G*5 :.7 " Program: AyamemEG*(H*+ & Means "iris", also called ECS (Experimental Communication Satellite)Japanese telecommunication program<G*dH*' *O External resourcesb;(H*H*' vhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ecs_e.html1dH*H*1BH*YI*b(H*YI*: DP✀Program: AyameAyame 1Ayame 28H*I*1TCI*I*N*Ayame 1DYI*I*5 : 7 " Ayame 17I* J*# (Also called ECS 11 I*=J*'  Generalg J*J*G#^@") Designation11261 / 79009A[=J*J*A#R4Launch date6 Feb 1979lJ*kK*M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanu.J*K*G#^\"H̀MissionTelecommunications, experimentalb!kK*BL*A#RB"Perigee/Apogee29259/37424 kmUK*L*A#R(Inclination4.9TBL*L*A#R&Period1313 minfL*QM*M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1ZL*M*A#R2"Mass at launch130 kg&QM*M*# 5M*N*'  End of lifeo.M*uN*A#R\"Out of serviceCollided with the top stage$N*N*" 8uN*N*1(TDN*O**Ayame 2DN*O*5 : 7 " Ayame 21 N*FO*'  Generalg O*O*G#^@") Designation11715 / 80018A\FO**A#R6Launch date22 FO**N*eb 1980lO**M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanu.**G#^\"H̀MissionTelecommunications, experimentalb!*X*A#RB"Perigee/Apogee32785/36839 kmU**A#R(Inclination1.4VX**A#R*Period1386.6 minf*i*M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1Z*Â*A#R2"Mass at launch130 kg&i**# 5Â**'  End of lifea **A#R@"Out of serviceAfter launch?$**" 5*؃*1,TUE؃* *j*Azur5 * *, (" Azur7؃*D*# (Also called GRS A1 *u*'  Generalg D*܄*G#^@") Designation04221 / 69097A[u*7*A#R4Launch date8 Nov 1969n!܄**M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyy,7**M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_*}*A#R<"Perigee/Apogee373/2118 kmW*Ԇ*A#R,Inclination102.7U}*)*A#R(Period110.4 minm Ԇ**M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #67Y)**A#R0"Mass at launch72 kg{W*j*$ Studies aurora borealis, Earth's radiation belt and charged particles from the Sun.7**1 UTUF***Badr A? j**2 4"  Badr A1 **'  Generalg *x*G#^@") Designation20685 / 90059A\*ԉ*A#R6Launch date16 Jul 1990o"x*C*M#jD"N ,'ݓCountry of originPakistanUԉ**G#^"H̀Mission^C**A#R:"Perigee/Apogee208/988 kmV*L*A#R*Inclination28.5T**A#R&Period96.7 minp#L**M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2X*h*A#R.Launch siteXichangU1**$ bExperimental digital communications satellite5h**'  End of life_*Q*A#R<"Out of service21 Aug 1990e$**A#RHCausefailure of onboard systemsUQ* *A#R(Decay8 Dec 1990&*1*# 8 *i*' "(OTechnical data81**' " SpecificationsZi**A#R2&Prime contractorSSTLN *I*A#RPlatformY**A#R0"Mass at launch52 kgSI* *A#R$ Mass in orbit* *j*O*[*A#RDimensionQ **A#R Solar arrayS[**A#R$ StabilizationN *M*A#RDC powerU**A#R($Design lifetime&M**# 7**1UbUG*>**Badr B? *>*2 4"  Badr B1 *o*'  GeneralY>**G#^$") Designation`o*(*A#R>Launch dateplanned in 1998o"**M#jD"N ,'ݓCountry of originPakistana(**G#^4"H̀MissionScientific: T*L*A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ**A#R InclinationL L**A#RPeriodi*R*M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitQ**A#R Launch siteR**) uShould weigh 70 kg. It will measure solar radiation and will collect information about Pakistan's natural resources.Operated by Suparcohas a CCD camera (250 m x 250 m resolution)<**' *O External resourcesY2**' dhttp://www.ssd.rl.ac.uk/news/cdrom/eo/badr.htm1*L*1WHL***T+**) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&L**# B**1TUVI*V**Program: BhaskaraN*V*5 :4:6Ȁ" Program: BhaskarafC**# Indian program named from a Indian mathematician and astronomer.1V**1J*X*k1*X*: Dbcee艂Program: BhaskaraBhaskara 1Bhaskara 2; **1܄UK**=*Bhaskara 1GX**5 :&:6Ȁ" Bhaskara 11 * *'  Generalg *r*G#^@") Designation11392 / 79051A[ **A#R4Launch date7 Jun 1979lr*9*M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak**M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^9**A#R:"Perigee/Apogee394/399 kmV*X*A#R*Inclination50.7T**A#R&Period92.5 minlX**M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C]*u*A#R8Launch siteKapustin YarZ**A#R2"Mass at launch444 kgu**% 5Carried two TV cameras, one in visible and the other in near-infrared band, and a 3-frequency passive microwave radiometer. The cameras malfunctioned.5**'  End of lifeV**A#R*Decay17 Feb 1989$*=*" ; *x*1ULx**#+Bhaskara 2G=**5 :&:6Ȁ" Bhaskara 21 x* +'  General* +=*g *s+G#^@") Designation12968 / 81115A\ ++A#R6Launch date20 Nov 1981ls+;+M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak++M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^;++A#R:"Perigee/Apogee541/557 kmV+Z+A#R*Inclination50.6R++A#R"Period92 minlZ++M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C]+u+A#R8Launch siteKapustin YarZ++A#R2"Mass at launch436 kgu+t+% Carried two TV cameras, one in visible and the other in near-infrared band, and a 3-frequency passive microwave radiometer. 5++'  End of lifeVt++A#R*Decay30 Nov 1991$+#+" 8+[+1 bU#M[++VA+Bonum 18 #++, (" Bonum 11 [++'  GeneralY++G#^$") DesignationY+v+A#R0Launch dateNov 1998e++G#^<"N ,Country of originRussiaUv+0+G#^"H̀Mission]++A#R8,Geostationary orbit36Ek0++M#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2Y+Q+G#^$Launch site+K +- (Bonum-1 is a subsidiary of Media Most, a major private Russian media group. It operates from the Gals satellites at 36E.in-orbit delivery together with the control center and training of the staff1 Q+| +' O ContactuK + +. ,Media Most16 Kazakova Street, Moscow 103064 RussiaTel: +7-95-261-1342Fax: +7-95-263-2753Email: bonum1@dol.ru8| +W +' "(OTechnical data8 + +' " Specifications\W + +A#R6&Prime contractorHughesT +? +A#R&PlatformHS-376T + +A#R&"Mass at launchS? + +A#R$ Mass in orbitO +5 +A#RDimensionQ + +A#R Solar arrayb!5 + +A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedN +6 +A#RDC power] + +A#R8$Design lifetime11 years&6 + +# 1 + +'  Ku-bandX +B+A#R.(Main transponders8Y ++A#R0,Backup transpondersOB++A#RPower75 WO+9+A#RBandwidth\++A#R6CoverageWestern RussiaN 9+ @+A#REIRP max+ @+#+M +Y@+A#RG/T maxX @+@+A#R.Polarizationlinear=Y@+0A+B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 14.0-14.5 GHzdownlink: 11.7-12.2 GHz&@+VA+# 10A+A+1WNA+A+B+T+VA+A+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&A+B+# CA+DB+1#ZODB+B+qD+Program: BrasilsatOB+B+5 :6hԞ" Program: BrasilsatGDB+C+4 6' V倉Also called SBTS (Sistema Brasileiro de Telecomunicacoes por Satellite)Brasilian telecommunication system operated by Embratel.Contract for Brasilsat As was worth $122.5 million for construction. Contract for Brasilsat Bs was worth $175.2 million for construction.<B+D+' *O External resources[4C+qD+' hhttp://www.embratel.net.br/tecnologias/satelite/1D+D+1PD+jE+rqD+jE+V |CDbb"c#c$c%cProgram: BrasilsatBrasilsat A1Brasilsat A2Brasilsat B1Brasilsat B2Brasilsat B3Brasilsat B41D+E+1UQE+*I+NI+BjE+E+# >Brasilsat A's specificationsd#E+AF+A#RF0&Prime contractorSpar AerospaceTE+F+A#R&0PlatformHS-376[AF+F+A#R40"Mass at launch1140 kgYF+IG+A#R00 Mass in orbit671 kgTF+G+A#R&0Diameter2.19 m[IG+G+A#R40Height7.09 m deployedb!G+ZH+A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedd"G+H+B#TD0DC powerBOL: 982 WEOL: 799 Wl*ZH+*I+B#TT0$Design lifetime1: 9 years2: 11 years$H+NI+" 1*I+I+1URI+1L+UL+:NI+I+# .Brasilsat A's C-bandYI+J+A#R00(Main transponders26ZI+lJ+A#R20,Backup transponders6VJ+J+A#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)UlJ+K+A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzn-J+K+A#RZ0CoverageBrasil and neighboring countriesTK+K+A#R&0EIRP max36 dBWXK+1L+A#R.0Polarizationlinear$K+UL+" 11L+L+1USL+׀++BUL+L+# >Brasilsat B's specifications\L+$M+A#R60&Prime contractorHughesUL+yM+A#R(0PlatformHS-376W[$M+M+A#R40"Mass at launch1760 kgZyM+.N+A#R20 Mass in orbit1052 kgTM+N+A#R&0Dry mass850 kgT.N+N+A#R&0Diameter3.64 mc"N+9O+A#RD0Height3.64 m, 8.38 m deployedb!N+O+A#RB0 Stabilizationspin stabilizedY9O+ +A#R00DC powerBOL: 1650 WO+ +UL+]O+i+A#R80$Design lifetime12 yearsn- +׀+A#RZ0Apogee motorThiokol Star 30 (solid fuel)$i++" 1׀+,+1UT,++΃+:+f+# .Brasilsat B's X-bandX,++A#R.0(Main transponders1Yf++A#R00,Backup transpondersV+m+A#R*0Power40 W (TWTA)O++A#R0BandwidthN m+ +A#R0CoverageN +X+A#R0EIRP maxR ++A#R"0Polarization$X+΃+" = + +1DWU +T++Brasilsat A1I΃+T+5 :*hԞ" Brasilsat A19 ++# ,Also called SBTS A11 T++'  Generalg +%+G#^@") Designation15561 / 85015B[++A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1985m %++M#j@"N ,7Country of originBrasilo"+\+M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!++A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!\+,+M#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V12&+R+# : ,++- */ۀ LocationR++m#:   " BeginEndPosition++j#4"&(L: 8 Feb 198565W,+0+j#X68late-1994mid-Jun 199663W, inclined#++j#F $&mid-Jul 199679W, inclined0+q+% Sold to HCI in October 1995. The antenna was re-aimed to North America. The control of the satellite was passed to Panamsat on 12 Nov 1997.8++' "(Technical dataq:q++7 >te2⨕܉ھSpecificationsC-bandTransponder frequency chart= +W+1VWWVW+++Brasilsat A2I++5 :*hԞ" Brasilsat A29W+ً+# ,Also called SBTS A21 + +'  Generalg ً+q+G#^@") Designation16650 / 86026B\ +͌+A#R6Launch date28 Mar 1986m q+:+M#j@"N ,7Country of originBrasilo"͌++M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!:+ +A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!+y+M#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V17& ++# : y+َ+- */ۀ Location+c+m#:   " BeginEndPositionَ+ +j#6$(*L: 28 Mar 198670Wc+ ++c++j#<.0late-1994Jun 199565W ++j#*Aug 199592W&+9+# 8+q+' "(Technical dataq:9++7 >te2⨕܉ھSpecificationsC-bandTransponder Frequency Chart= q++1DW+XW+l+,Brasilsat B1M+l+8 @,hԞ" Brasilsat B19++# ,Also called SBTS B11 l++'  Generalg +=+G#^@") Designation23199 / 94049A\++A#R6Launch date10 Aug 1994m =++M#j@"N ,7Country of originBrasilo"+u+M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationse++G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit70Wn!u+H+M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V66:++$ ,Cost: $140 million8H++' "(OTechnical data=++' , EIRP coverage (dBW)O++? N❜#  # g܉Brasil: NationalBrasil: Regional & ArgentinaSpecificationsX-band0 ++'  C-bandY++A#R00(Main transponders28Y+g+A#R00,Backup transpondersO++A#R0Power15 WUg+ +A#R(0Bandwidth31 MHz\+g+G#^*0❜# CoverageBrasilT ++A#R&0EIRP max38 dBWVg++A#R*0G/T max-2.5 dB/K\+m+A#R60Polarizationlinear H/VN*++$ TBeacon: 4.1985 - 4.1990 GHz horizontalK$m++' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)h+$+#<k * X n   HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkChannelVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkBeam++# <k"&683.64151AE5.8665$++# 8k .245.8851BE3.660+Q+# 8k $243.6802AE5.905+ +# 8k .245.9252BE3.700Q++# 6k"023.7201A5.945 +z+# 6k,025.9651B3.740+>,# 6k"z+>,+023.7602A5.985z+,# 6k,026.0052B3.780>,,# 6k"023.8003A6.025,f,# 6k,026.0453B3.820,,# 6k"023.8404A6.065f,,# 6k,026.0854B3.860,,# 6k"023.8805A6.105,F,# 6k,026.1255B3.900,,# 6k"023.9206A6.145F,,# 6k,026.1256B3.940,n,# 6k"023.9607A6.185,&,# 6k,026.2057B3.980n,,# 6k"024.0008A6.225&, ,# 6k,026.2458B4.020,N ,# 6k"024.0409A6.265 , ,# 6k,026.2859B4.060N , ,# 8k $244.08010A6.305 ,x ,# 8k .246.32510B4.100 ,1 ,# 8k $244.12011A6.345x , ,# 8k .246.36511B4.1401 ,,# 8k $244.16012A6.385 ,\,# 8k .246.40512B4.180&,,# 1\,,1X,@,`*,@,6 Launch dateplanned in 2000m --M#j@"N ,7Country of originBrasilo"@--M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsk$--G#^H"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit92 or 99Wj--M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeQ+-B-& VC-band onlyCould replace Brasilsat A28-z-' "(OTechnical data8B--' " Specifications\z--A#R6&Prime contractorHughesU-c-A#R(PlatformHS-376WZ--A#R2"Mass at launch1750kgSc--A#R$ Mass in orbitO-_-A#RDimensionQ--A#R Solar arrayS_--A#R$ StabilizationN -Q-A#RDC power]--A#R8$Design lifetime12 years&Q--# 0 - -'  C-bandY-] -A#R0(Main transponders28Y - -A#R0,Backup transpondersK ] - -A#RPowerO -P -A#RBandwidthN  - -A#RCoverageN P - -A#REIRP maxM -9 -A#RG/T maxR - -A#R"Polarization(9 - -$ 1 - -1Wa -8 -^ -T+ -8 -) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& -^ -# 88 - -1PVZb - -B-Bremsat@^ - -2 4"  Bremsat1 - -'  Generalg -n -G#^@") Designation22998 / 94006H[ - -A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1994n!n -7-M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyp) --G#^ROperatorZARM, University of Bremen~17-%-M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^--A#R:"Perigee/Apogee344/363 kmV%--A#R*Inclination56.9T-9@-A#R&-9@-^ -Period91.4 minj-@-M#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 60Y9@-@-A#R0"Mass at launch63 kg}Y@-yA-$ Measured heat conductivity, micrometeorites, and the density of the upper atmosphere.<@-A-' *O External resourcessLyA-(B-' http://www.zarm.uni-bremen.de/2forschung/raumfahrt/bremsat/bremsat1.html5A-]B-'  End of lifeV(B-B-A#R*Decay12 Feb 1995$]B-B-" > B-C-1Z[cC-_C-D-Program: BSATJB-_C-5 :,mG" Program: BsatN"C-D-, &EOAlso called BS 4, Broadcast Satellite 4Japanese telecommunication program to replace the Yuri program. Bsat (Broadcasting Satellite System Corp.) is a consortium of major Japanese broadcasters including NHK and the WOWOW group and provides direct broadcast services throughout Japan.1_C-D-1dD-?E-a'D-?E-: DNgWRSProgram: BsatBsat 1ABsat 1B1D-pE-1UepE-EI-iI-;?E-E-# 0Bsat's specifications\pE-F-A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTE-[F-A#R&PlatformHS-376[F-F-A#R4"Mass at launch1250 kgY[F-G-A#R0 Mass in orbit708 kgTF-cG-A#R&Dry mass500 kgy8G-G-A#RpDimension2.17 m diameter x 2.54 m (7.82 m deployed)QcG--H-A#R Solar arrayb!G-H-A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedY-H-H-A#R0DC powerBOL: 1064 W]H-EI-A#R8$Design lifetime12 years$H-iI-" 1EI-I-1UfI-L-L-4iI-I-# "Bsat's Ku-bandXI-&J-A#R.(Main transponders4ZI-J-A#R2,Backup transponders4W&J-J-A#R,Power106 W (TWTA)UJ-,K-A#R(Bandwidth27 MHzXJ-K-A#R.CoverageJapan onlyN ,K-K-A#REIRP maxZK-,L-A#R2Polarizationcircular=K-L-B#TzFrequenciesUplink: 14.2-14.3 GHzDownlink: 11.9-12.0 GHz$,L-L-" 8L-M-1 [gM-KM--Bsat 1ADL-KM-5 : mG" Bsat 1A1 M-|M-'  Generalg KM-M-G#^@") Designation24769 / 97016B\|M-?N-A#R6Launch date16 Apr 1997lM-N-M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"?N-O-M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^N-xO-A#R:,Geostationary orbit110En!O- -M#jB" &8E+Launch vehicleAriane V95xO- -L-~XxO--& Estimated Cost: $150 million (satellite, launch and insurance)Test position: 122E8 -€-' "(Technical dataM--0 0: 唀LBfSpecificationsKu-band8€-G-1ZhG--%-Bsat 1BD--5 : mG" Bsat 1B1 G--'  Generalg -#-G#^@") Designation25312 / 98024B\--A#R6Launch date28 Apr 1998l#--M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"-Z-M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^--A#R:,Geostationary orbit110Eo"Z-'-M#jD" &g&\Launch vehicleAriane V108yT--% Estimated Cost: $150 million (satellite, launch and insurance)Tested from 122E8'-؄-' "(Technical dataM-%-0 0: 唀LBfSpecificationsKu-band= ؄-b-1ZT[ib--H-Program: BSBI%--5 :*\c%" Program: BSBzb-H-# English direct TV program abandonned in 1992. The satellites were ordered by BSB which merged with Sky TV giving BSkyB.1-y-1jy-Ն-\"H-Ն-: DDJaSSSProgram: BSBBSB 1BSB 21y--1k--:Ն-@-# .BSB's specifications\--A#R60&Prime contractorHughesT@--A#R&0PlatformHS-376[-K-A#R40"Mass at launch1250 kgY--A#R00 Mass in orbit660 kg~=K-"-A#Rz0Payload mass100 kg: transponders: 90 kg, antennas: 10 kgT-v-A#R&0Diameter2.16 mQ"-lj-A#R 0Height4.8 mb!v-)-A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedYlj--A#R00DC powerBOL: 1024 W])-ߊ-A#R80$Design lifetime10 years`-?-A#R>0Beacon12.494 or 12.495 GHzH$ߊ--$ HEquipped with steerable antennas1?--1Ul-͎--3--#  BSB's Ku-bandX-C-A#R.0(Main transponders5Z--A#R20,Backup transponders1ZC--A#R20Power2 x 55 W (TWTA)U-L-A#R(0Bandwidth27 MHzN --A#R0CoverageTL--A#R&0EIRP max59 dBW\-J-A#R60Polarizationcircular RA-͎-B#T0FrequenciesUplink: 17.3-17.6 GHzDownlink: 11.786-12.091 GHz$J--" 6͎-'-1|[m'-i--BSB 1B -i-5 :\c%" BSB 1>'--# 6Also called Marco Polo 11 i-؏-'  Generalg -K-G#^@"؏-K--) Designation20193 / 89067A\؏--A#R6Launch date27 Aug 1989u(K--M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomf--M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVb!--A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&-W-M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #187pF--* $Stopped transmitting on 31 Dec 1992 and became Sirius 1 in 1994.2 W--'  Location--m#:   " BeginEndPosition--j#.$(*L: 27 Aug 1989--j#:,.Nov 1991Dec 199231W--p#41994...Sirius 1&-;-# 8-s-' "(Technical dataM;--0 0:ٹZfܢaSpecificationsKu-band6s--1:[n-8-A-BSB 2B -8-5 :\c%" BSB 2>-v-# 6Also called Marco Polo 21 8--'  Generalg v--G#^@") Designation20762 / 90074A\-j-A#R6Launch date18 Aug 1990u(--M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomfj-E-M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVb!--A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#E--M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #198]3-t-* $ffOWas sold in September 1992 and became Thor 1.2 --'  Locationt-0-m#:   " BeginEndPosition--j#.$(*L: 18 Aug 19900-0-j#*Aug 199231W--p#8"$fOSep 1992...Thor 180--' "(Technical dataM-A-0 0:ٹZfܢaSpecificationsKu-band= -~-1= [\o~-- .Cakrawarta 1=A--, ($" Cakrawarta 1i~-H-$ On September 1997, the Indonesian President renamed the satellite.It was previously called Indostar 11 -y-'  Generalg H--G#^@") Designation25050 / 97071B\y-<-A#R6Launch date12 Nov 1997p#--M#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiau(<-!-M#jP" H1OperatorPT Media Citra Indostar`--M#j&"H̀‰MissionDBS`!--A#R>,Geostationary orbit107.7Eo"-\.M#jD-\.A-" &yg&\Launch vehicleAriane V102-^.) Up to 4 small satellites have been ordered: Indostar 2 at 115E and Indostar 3 at 106E (or all four satellite colocated at 107.5 and 119E) The full project (satellite, launch, ground station, etc) is worth $175 millionOriginally designed for TV and DAB, the satellite was modified to provide only TV capacity in S-band (this band was selected to face high attenuation caused by the rain).A power regulator failed resulting in only 80% of eclipse power available.8\..' "(OTechnical data8^..' " Specificationso(.=.G#^P&xOPrime contractorCTA Inc (now OSC)U..A#R(PlatformSTARbus[=..A#R4"Mass at launch1385 kgY.F.A#R0 Mass in orbit802 kgT..A#R&Dry mass643 kgOF..A#RDimensionQ.:.A#R Solar arrayb!..A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedT:..A#R&DC power3200 W].M.A#R8$Design lifetime10 years&.s.# @M..' 2 S-band (2520-2670 GHz)Xs. .A#R.(Main transponders5Y.d.A#R0,Backup transpondersO ..A#RPower70 WUd..A#R(Bandwidth27 MHzW._.A#R,CoverageIndonesiaT..A#R&EIRP max47 dBWR_. .A#R"Polarization`.e .A#R>Frequencies2.520-2.670 GHzhD . .$ Uplink is in X-band (this is the first commercial use of X-band)7e . .1kT[\p .; .u.Castor7 .; ., (" Castor5 .p .# $Also called D5B1 ; . .'  Generalg p . .G#^@") Designation07802 / 75039B\ .d .A#R6Launch date17 May 1975m  . .M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancep#d .A .M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy_ . .A#R<"Perigee/Apogee277/1275 kmVA . .A#R*Inclination29.9U .K .A#R(Period100.3 mino" . .M#jD" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #11YK ..A#R0"Mass at launch76 kg .., &qwTests a high precision micro-acceleratometer.It is the counterpart of the first Castor that was lost with Pollux on 22 May 1973.5..'  End of lifeV.Q.A#R*Decay18 Feb 1979$.u." : Q..1\D\q. @.C.CaribstarFu. @.5 :$$eT" Caribstar. @.u.G$.S@.# HAlso called CariBSS and Ameristar1 @.@.'  GeneralYS@.@.G#^$") Designationd#@.AA.A#RFLaunch dateplanned in mid-1999t'@.A.M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"AA.$B.M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^A.B.A#R:,Geostationary orbit120Wj$B.B.M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane&B.C.# 8B.JC.' "(Technical dataLC.C.0 080|SpecificationsL-band1JC.C.1WrC.D.AD.T+C.D.) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&C.AD.# = D.~D.1\]s~D.D.!E.Program: CatIAD.D.5 :*⡱c%" Program: CatZ7~D.!E.# nEuropean micro satellite program for experimentation1D.RE.1tRE.E.z2!E.E.H `deSscTtcTucTvcTProgram: CatCat 1Cat 2Cat 3Cat 46RE.F.1O\uF.DF.bJ.Cat 1B E.DF.5 :⡱c%" Cat 11 F.uF.'  Generalg DF.F.G#^@") Designation11645 / 79104A\uF.8G.A#R6Launch date24 Dec 1979m F.G.M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo(8G.H.G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation`G.tH.A#R>"Perigee/Apogee125/14047 kmVH.H.A#R*Inclination17.8UtH.I.A#R(Period259.1 minn!H.I.M#jB" &%+Launch vehicleAriane L01&I.I.# 5I.I.'  End of lifeVI.>J.A#R*Decay27 Nov 1989$I.bJ." 6>J.J.1X\R\vJ.J.L.Cat 2B bJ.J.5 :⡱c%" Cat 25J.K.'  End of life_J.nK.A#R<"Out of service23 May 1980o(K.K.G#^P&+CauseLaunch failure of Ariane L02$nK.L." 6K.7L.1f\8]w7L.yL.΀.Cat 3B L.yL.5 :⡱c%" Cat 31 7L.L.'  Generalg yL.M.G#^@") Designation12546 / 81057C\L.mM.A#R6Launch date19 Jun 1981m M.M.M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo(mM.IN.G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation`M.N.A#R>"Perigee/Apogee227/29240 kmVIN.N.A#R*Inclination10.6UN.TO.A#R(Period508.8 minn!N.O.M#jB" &'+Launch vehicleAriane L03&TO. .# O. .L.5O.A.'  End of lifei( ..A#RP"Out of service96 hours after launch$A.΀." 6..1R\x.F. .Cat 4B ΀.F.5 :⡱c%" Cat 48.~.# *Also called Thse1 F..'  Generalg ~..G#^@") Designation13011 / 81122B\.r.A#R6Launch date20 Dec 1981m .߂.M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope_r.>.G#^0"H̀MissionScientific`߂..A#R>"Perigee/Apogee219/38645 kmV>..A#R*Inclination63.8U.I.A#R(Period534.3 minn!..M#jB" &(+Launch vehicleAriane L04>I..$ 4Measures the Sun light5.*.'  End of life^..A#R:"Out of service9 Jan 1982_*..A#R<CauseStopped transmitting$. ." ?.J.1D\]yJ...Program: CBERSK ..5 :.fـ" Program: CBERS}J.:.( China/Brazil Earth Resources SatelliteJoint venture to launch 2 satellites for remote monitoring of the environment related to agriculture, oceanography and geology. The Brazilian government has suggested to China that another two 1400-kilogram satellites should be developed.The two satellites will be assembled in China with parts manufactured in both countries and Brazil will invest 60 million dollars, covering 30% of the costs of the project. The two countries started manufacturing the two satellites in 1988 but the project was delayed by a budget shortfall on the Brazilian side (satellites were planned for 1994 & 1995). .G.' The Brazilian Ministry of the Environment will use the two new satellites in the Amazon Integrated Program, created to develop the Amazon region based on sustained development policies.2 follow-on satellites are also planned<:..' *O External resources_G... ,http://www.dgi.inpe.br/html/eng/cbers.htmhttp://www.met.inpe.br/chinese/ch-br-satel.html1.A.1WzA...T+..) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&A..# 8..1\ {.7.i.CBERS 1D.7.5 : U/" CBERS 11 .h.'  GeneralY7..G#^$") Designationd#h.%.A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Oct 1997m ..M#j@"N ,7Country of originBrazilk%..M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingr1.o.A#Rb"Perigee/Apogeeheliosynchronous orbit, 778 kmQ..A#R Inclinationb!o.".A#RBPeriodrepeat period: 20 daysf..G#^>" &Launch vehicleLong MarchQ".ُ.A#R Launch site&. .# ُ. ..8ُ.D.' "(OTechnical data8 .|.' " Specifications_D..A#R<&Prime contractorCASC/INPEN |.).A#RPlatform[..A#R4"Mass at launch1400 kgS)..A#R$ Mass in orbitZ.1.A#R2Dimension1.8 x 1.9 m\..A#R6Solar array8.3 x 3.3 mY1..A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN .4.A#RDC powerU..A#R($Design lifetime&4..# c<..' x 5-channel linear CCD detector (visible, IR, panchromatic)h&.z.B#TL0Wavebands0.59-0.89 m0.5-12.9 mW..A#R,0Swath width120 kmg%z.8.B#TJ0ResolutionVisible: 19 mIR: 80 m&.^.# ;8..' ( Wide-field imagerU^..A#R(0Resolution260 mW.E.A#R,0Swath width900 km$.i." 1E..1W|...T+i..) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&..# B.V.1~]ӂ]}V...Program: CelestisN..5 :4_" Program: Celestisc@V..# US private program to launch ashes into space (space burial).1 .8.' O Contact:.r.$ ,Tel: +1-800-6724811<8..' *O External resourcesCr..' 8http://www.celestis.com/1.".1~"..k1..: Db97D9H H Program: CelestisCelestis 1Celestis 2; "..1;]8]...Celestis 1G..5 :&_" Celestis 11 .@.'  Generalg ..G#^@") Designation24780 / 97018B[@..A#R4Launch date4 Apr 1997t'.v.M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States[..G#^("H̀MissionBurial`v.1.A#R>"Perigee/Apogee554 / 582 kmj)..A#RRInclination151 (inclination record)T1..A#R&Period96.1 mino".^.M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #17_..A#R<Launch siteCanary Islands\8^..$ pSet of 24 capsules containing the ashes of 24 people; .T.1ӂ]^T..O/Celestis 2G..5 :&_" Celestis 21 T..'  Generalg .3.G#^@") Designation25160 / 98007D\..A#R6Launch date10 Feb 1998t'3./M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States./.[.j/G#^("H̀MissionBurial`//A#R>"Perigee/Apogee777 / 875 kmUj//A#R(Inclination108L /k/A#RPeriodm //M#j@" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus #2wSk/O/$ The Celestis Payload Attach Container (CPAC) was attached to Taurus' top stage.7//1i 8]^// /Cerise7 O//, (" Cerise1 //'  Generalg /U/G#^@") Designation23606 / 95033B[//A#R4Launch date7 Jul 1995m U//M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranced//G#^:"H̀MissionMilitary: ELINT^//A#R:"Perigee/Apogee666/675 kmV/5/A#R*Inclination98.2T//A#R&Period98.2 minn!5//M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V75//5 82!㥇Operated by CNES and the DGA (Dlgation Gnrale de l'Armement), ministry of defense. Cerise is to catalog terrestrial electromagnetic sources between 500 MHz and 20 GHz. Cost: $17.4 million.It will be followed by Clementine to be launched in 1997 to catalog source between 20 MHz and 1 GHz. (should cost $18 million).On 24th July 1996 the satellite was hit by a fragment of the Ariane which launched Spot 1 Part of the stabilization system was destroyed8/7/' "(OTechnical data8/o/' " Specificationss27//A#Rd&Prime contractorAlcatel Espace & Thomson CSF [o/= /G#^(~ꠉPlatformUoSATY/ /A#R0"Mass at launch50 kgS= / /A#R$ Mass in orbitL /5 /A#RLengthK / /A#RWidthL 5 / /A#RHeightY /% /A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN /s /A#RDC power^% / /A#R:$Design lifetime2.5 years$s / /" 6 /+ /1t^g^+ /a /D/Champ6 /a /, (" ChampqN+ / /# Challenging Mini-Satellite Payload for Geophysical Research and Application1 a / /'  GeneralY /\ /G#^$") Designation` / /A#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999n!\ /*/M#jB"N , Country of originGermany_ //G#^0"H̀MissionScientificZ*//A#R2"Perigee/Apogee500 kmQ/4/A#R InclinationL //A#RPeriod{44/ @/G#^h" &Launch vehicleRussian vehicle (Start, Cosmos)/ @/ /Q/]@/A#R Launch site5 @/@/$ "6 instruments<]@/@/' *O External resourcesX1@/&A/' bhttp://www.gfz-potsdam.de/pb1/CHAMP/champ.htm8@/^A/' "(OTechnical data8&A/A/' " Specificationsa ^A/A/A#R@&Prime contractorGFZ PostdamN A/EB/A#RPlatformZA/B/A#R2"Mass at launch300 kgWEB/B/A#R,Payload mass25 kgOB/EC/A#RDimensionQB/C/A#R Solar arraySEC/C/A#R$ StabilizationN C/7D/A#RDC powerUC/D/A#R($Design lifetime&7D/D/# 1D/D/1WD/7E/]E/T+D/7E/) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&D/]E/# < 7E/E/1l'^)_E/E/!/Chinastar 1<]E/E/, ("" Chinastar 1<E/F/# 2Also called Zhongwei 11 E/BF/'  Generalg F/F/G#^@") Designation25354 / 98033A\BF/G/A#R6Launch date30 May 1998lF/qG/M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinabG/G/M#j*"^MQgOperatorCOTSo"qG/BH/M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg G/H/G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit87.5Eq$BH/I/M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3B&H/@I/# <I/|I/' *O External resourcesc<@I/I/' xhttp://jefferson.vf.mmc.com/lmtoday/0995/chinastar1.html8|I/J/' "(OTechnical data=I/TJ/' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EJ/J/0 0*[}C-bandKu-band8TJ/J/' " Specificationse$J/6K/A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinSJ/K/A#R$PlatformA2100[6K/K/A#R4"Mass at launch2984 kgSK/7L/A#R$ Mass in orbitUK/L/A#R(Dry mass1418 kg`7L/L/A#R>Dimension1.8 x 2.0 x 2.8 mQL/=M/A#R Solar arrayYL/M/A#R0 Stabilization3-axisf$=M/M/B#THDC powerBOL: 8394 WEOL: 6797 W]M/YN/A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&M/N/# 0 YN/N/'  C-band]N/ O/A#R8(Main transponders12 + 6ZN/fO/A#R2,Backup transponders6O O/O/A#RPower45 Wf$fO/'/B#THBandwidtO/'/]E/h12 x 36 MHz6 x 72 MHzN O/u/A#RCoverageS'/Ȁ/A#R$G/T max1 dB/KTu//A#R&EIRP max41 dBW\Ȁ/x/A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V[7/Ӂ/$ nBeacon frequency: 3.7005 GHz (V) and 4.1995 GHz (H)R+x/%/' V C-band Transponder frequency chart (GHz)cӁ//# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplink%//t#. 3.7201A5.945/1/t#.*5.9551B3.740//t#. 3.7602A5.9851/G/t#.*6.0052B3.780/҅/t#. 3.8003A6.025G/]/t#.*6.0453B3.820҅//t#. 3.8404A6.065]/s/t#.*6.0854B3.860//t#. 3.8805A6.105s//t#.*6.1255B3.900//t#. 3.9206A6.145//t#.*6.1656B3.940/*/t#. 3.9807A6.205//t#.*6.7757B4.000*/@/t#. 4.0608A6.285/ˋ/t#.*6.8058B4.080@/V/t#. 4.1409A6.365ˋ//t#.*6.8559B4.160&V//# 1 /8/'  Ku-band]//A#R8(Main transponders16 + 4[8//A#R4,Backup transponders10k)/[/B#TRPower85 W at 36 MHz 115 W at 72 MHzf$//B#THBandwidth16 x 36 MHz4 x 72 MHzS[//A#R$CoverageChinaS/g/A#R$G/T max5 dB/Kp./׏/B#T\EIRP max52 dBW at 36 MHz54 dBW at 72 MHz\g/?/A#R6׏/?/]E/Polarizationlinear H/V]9׏//$ rBeacon frequency: 12.2505 GHz (V) and 12.7495 GHz (H)S,?//' X Ku-band Transponder frequency chart (GHz)c//# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplink/s/t#4 $12.29010A14.038//t#4 014.05810B12.310s//t#4 $12.37011A14.118//t#4 014.13811B12.390//t#4 $12.43012A14.178/9/t#4 014.19812B12.450//t#4 $12.47013A14.2189/U/t#4 014.23813B12.490//t#4 $12.51014A14.258U/q/t#4 014.27814B12.530//t#4 $12.55015A14.298q//t#4 014.31815B12.570//t#4 $12.59016A14.338//t#4 014.35816B12.510/7/t#4 $12.63017A14.378//t#4 014.39817B12.5507/S/t#4 $12.67018A14.418//t#4 014.43818B12.690S/o/t#4 $12.71019A14.458//t#4 014.47819B12.730$o/!/" 1/R/1R//`*!//6 0A#R0Telemetry2-262 kbpsrN00$ Tape recorder capacity: 1 gbit The final orbit was to be 25000/140000 km 5>00'  Frequencies[0@ 0A#R4Cluster 12242.000 MHz[0 0A#R4Cluster 22249.000 MHz[@ 0 0A#R4Cluster 32277.000 MHz[ 0Q 0A#R4Cluster 42270.000 MHz& 0w 0# 1 Q 0 0' O Payloadw 0 0. *STAFF ( Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations)EFW (Electric Fields and Waves)WHISPER (Waves of High frequency and Sounder for probing of density by Relaxation)WBD (Wide Band Data)DWP (Digital Wave Processor)FGM (Fluxgate Magnetometer)EDI (Electronic Drift Instrument)CIS (Cluster Ion Spectrometry)PEACE (Plasma Electron And Current Analyser)RAPID (Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors)ASPOC (Active Spacecraft Potential Control)C 0 01)_#` 0+ 00Program: Cluster 2C 0+ 0, (0" Program: Cluster 2 004 6_7ǥE+Following the loss of the Cluster satellites with Ariane 501 a remplacement could be financed.This replacement will be composed of the Phenix satellite made from spare instruments of the first set and 3 new satellites to be built by Dornier. The satellites will be launched by pairs aboard Soyouz rockets.The program should be completed in mid-2000. It will cost about $265 million1+ 001W0l00T+0l0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&00# 5l001 U``0 @0D0Cobe5 0 @0, (" Cobe0 @00@0L@0# : COsmic Background Explorer1 @0}@0'  Generalg L@0@0G#^@") Designation20322 / 89089A\}@0@A0A#R6Launch date18 Nov 1989t'@0A0M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr%@A0&B0M#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomy^A0B0A#R:"Perigee/Apogee872/886 kmT&B0B0A#R&Inclination99UB0-C0A#R(Period102.5 mins&B0C0M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #189{W-C0D0$ Studies the thermical radiation of the sky (gave its precise temperature: 2.735 K).<C0WD0' *O External resourcescD0D0. ,http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/astro/cobe/cobe_home.htmlhttp://spectrum.lbl.gov/www/cobe/cobe.htmlBWD0*E01#`1a*E0xE0F0Program: ColumbiaND0xE05 :4$" Program: ColumbiaV$*E0F02 2Iur7@ĘProgram operated by Columbia Communications Corporation This company already operates the commercial C-band on the first generation TDRS satellites.Program of GEO telecommunication satellites to be launched in 2000. It will have 2 satellites, for Atlantic and Pacific ocean regions.1xE0F01WF0SG0yG0T+F0SG0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&F0yG0# 1SG0G01G0|H0{yG0|H0W ~݌R(.UڀUډOMOMOMĉProgram: ColumbiaColumbia AORColumbia PORColumbia TDRS 4Columbia TDRS 5Columbia TDRS 6Columbia 5151G0H01WH0I0'I0T+|H0I0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&H0'I0# = I0dI01 adI0I00Columbia AORI'I0I05 :*$" Columbia AOR1 dI0I0'  GeneralYI07J0G#^$") DesignationUI0J0A#R(Launch date2000t'7J0K0M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"J0oK0M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]K0K0A#R8,Geostationary orbit47W\oK0(L0G#^*" &Launch vehicleYK0L0G#^$Launch site&(L0L0# 8L0L0' "(Technical dataAL0 M0) "016EIRP coverage (dBW)8L0XM0' " SpecificationsV M0M0A#R*&Prime contractorN XM0M0A#RPlatformTM0PN0A#R&"Mass at launchSM0N0A#R$ Mass in orbitOPN0N0A#RDimensionQN0CO0A#R Solar arraySN0O0A#R$ StabilizationN CO0 0A#RDC powerO0 0'I0UO0a0A#R($Design lifetime& 00# 0 a00'  C-bandY00A#R0(Main transponders44Y0i0A#R0,Backup transpondersK 00A#RPowerg%i00B#TJBandwidth32 x 54 MHz12 x 92 MHzU00C#V,Coverage & EIRP maxWest Atlantic: 42 dBWEast Atlantic: 44 dBWSteerable: 43 dBWM 00A#RG/T maxR0R0A#R"Polarization]900$ rBeam overlap with Columbia POR in Southern California1R001W040Z0T+040) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&0Z0# 140010܄0QZ0܄06 <8(.Uڀ"QColumbia AOR's EIRP10 01W 0a00T+܄0a0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& 00# = a0ą01 `ą0 00Columbia PORI0 05 :*$" Columbia POR1 ą0>0'  GeneralY 00G#^$") DesignationU>00A#R(Launch date2000t'0`0M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"0χ0M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^`0-0A#R:,Geostationary orbit172E\χ00G#^*" &Launch vehicleY-00G#^$Launch site&00# 80@0' "(OTechnical data=0}0' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E@0‰00 0*mBـo(~C-bandKu-band8}00' " SpecificationsV‰0P0A#R*&Prime contractorN 00A#RPlatformTP00A#R&"Mass at launchS0E0A#R$ Mass in orbitO00A#RDimensionQE00A#R Solar arrayS080A#R$ StabilizationN 00A#RDC powerU80ی0A#R($Design lifetime&00# 0 ی010'  C-bandY00A#R0(Main transponders36Y100A#R0,Backup transpondersK 0.0A#RPowerg%00B#TJBandwidth32 x 72 MHz12 x 92 MHzF.00C#V,Coverage & EIRP maxOceania: 45 dBWAsia: 45 dBWSteerable: 46 dBWM 0k0A#RG/T maxR00A#R"Polarization&k0 0# 0 001 0=0'  Ku-bandY 00A#R0(Main transponders24Y=00A#R0,Backup transpondersK 0:0A#RPowerU00A#R(Bandwidth72 MHz:00H#^c,Coverage & EIRP maxWestern USA & Hawaii: 56 dBWAustralasia: 54 dBWPhilippines: 56 dBWSouth-East Asia: 57 dBWIndo-China: 56 dBWNorth-East Asia: 56 dBWSteerable: 58 dBWM 00A#RG/T maxR0'0A#R"Polarization^:00$ tBeam overlaps with Columbia AOR in Southern California1'001W0 000T+0 0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&000# 1 0a01a00X"0006 0d0T+0>0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&0d0# 1>00100Y#d006 "N ,bCountry of originJapano"0\0M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsv500A#Rj,Geostationary orbitn/a (121E initially planned)i\0;0M#j8" &JLaunch vehicleH2 #6`00' Was to demonstrate inter-orbit links and Ka-band transmissions and mobile K-band transmissions (onboard relay). Cost: $36 millionEarly shutdown of the second stage left the satellite in low orbit (44 seconds out of the 192 seconds planned). The apogee motor should be used to higher the orbit and enable a few experiments on a 500/17700 km orbit)<;00' *O External resourcese>0c0' |http://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/comets_e.html800' "(OTechnical data8c00' " SpecificationsV0)0A#R*&Prime contractorh!00G#^B㊾TPlatformderived from ETS 6[)00A#R4"Mass at launch3900 kgZ0F0A#R2 Mass in orbit2000 kgZ00A#R2Dimension2 x 3 x 3 mZF00A#R2Solar array15 m spanY0S0A#R0 Stabilization3 axisY00A#R0DC powerEOL: 5300 W\S01A#R6$Design lifetime3010 yearst01, (㊾TIs equipped with ETS 6's apogee motor. Has 4 Xenon thrustersSuffered an electrical overcharge before launch.1 11'  Ka-bandX1=1A#R.(Main transponders5Z11A#R2,Backup transponders1P=11A#RPower200 WO161A#RBandwidthX11A#R.CoverageJapan onlyN 611A#REIRP maxR1.1A#R"Polarizationq11' + S-band capacity+ 1 transponder with uplink at 44 GHz, downlink at 476 GHzDownlink: 22.696 GHz 20.165 GHzA.1111ac1T11Program: ComstarM1T15 :20À" Program: Comstarb11) "P/:American telecommunication satellite program operated by Comsat. Capacity was leased to AT&T.1T11111J11H `\doXLXYLXZLX[LXProgram: ComstarComstar 1 Comstar 2 Comstar 3 Comstar 4 11111s 1>11# 6Comstar's specifications\1m1A#R60&Prime contractorHughesi(11A#RP0PlatformHS 351 (same as Intelsat 4)[m111A#R40"Mass at launch1516 kgY11A#R00 Mass in orbit911 kgT111A#R&0Dimension2.5 mk*1I1A#RT0 StabilizationSpin stabilized (56 rpm)X11A#R.0DC powerBOL: 570 W]I11A#R80$Design lifetime10 yearsuQ1s 1$ Equipped with two Ka-band beacons for propagation research (19 and 28.6 GHz).11 11U 1] 1 16s 1 1# &Comstar's C-bandY 13 1A#R00(Main transponders24Y 1 1A#R00,Backup transpondersy73 1 1B#Tn0PowerHorizontal: 5 W (TWTA)Vertical: 5.5 W (TWTA)U 1Z 1A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzS 1 1A#R$0CoverageCONUSTZ 1 1A#R&0EIRP max33 dBW\ 1] 1A#R60Polarizationlinear H/V$ 1 1" : ] 1 11Wb 1 1nA1Comstar 1F 1 15 :$0À" Comstar 11 12 1'  Generalg  1 1G#^@") Designation08838 / 76042A\2 1 1A#R6Launch date13 May 1976t' 1i1M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" 11M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^i161A#R:,Geostationary orbit128Wq$11M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_61@1A#R<Launch siteCape Canav1@1 1eral&18@1# 5@1m@1'  End of lifeW8@1@1A#R,"Out of serviceyes&m@1@1# 8@1"A1' "(Technical dataL@1nA10 08K;TދrSpecificationsC-band: "A1A11WbbA1A1NF1Comstar 2FnA1A15 :$0À" Comstar 21 A1B1'  Generalg A1B1G#^@") Designation09047 / 76073A\B1B1A#R6Launch date22 Jul 1976t'B1VC1M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"B1C1M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]VC1"D1A#R8,Geostationary orbit94Wq$C1D1M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_"D1D1A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&D1E1# 5D1ME1'  End of lifeWE1E1A#R,"Out of serviceyes&ME1E1# 8E1F1' "(Technical dataLE1NF10 08K;TދrSpecificationsC-band: F1F11WbbF1F1.K1Comstar 3FNF1F15 :$0À" Comstar 31 F1F1'  Generalg F1fG1G#^@") Designation10975 / 78068A\F1G1A#R6Launch date29 Jun 1978t'fG16H1M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"G1H1M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]6H1I1A#R8,Geostationary orbit87Wq$H1sI1M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_I1I1A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&sI1I1# 5I1-J1'  End of lifeWI1J1A#R,"Out of serviceyes&-J1J1# 8J1J1' "(Technical dataLJ1.K10 08K;TދrSpecificationsC-band: J1hK11jbhK1K1 1Comstar 4J.K1K18 @&0À" Comstar 41 hK1K1'  Generalg K1JL1G#^@") Designation12309 / 81018A\K1L1A#R6Launch date21 Feb 1981t'JL1M1M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"L1M1M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationso(M1M1G#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit76W, inclinedq$M1iN1M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_M1N1A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral{iN1gO1$ Used for telephony and data transmission, especially to and from ships in U.S. coastal waters and the Caribbean region.8N1O1' "(Technical dataLgO1 10 08K;TދrSpecificationsC-bandO1 1.K1: O1F11F111Coronas 1: 11, (" Coronas 11 F11'  Generalg 11G#^@") Designation23019 / 94014Ag&11A#RLLaunch date2 Mar 1994 at 03:24 UTt'11M#jN"N , Country of originRussia-UkrainG11Y#"H̀4?vd;pljMissionScientific: ionosphere, magnetosphere and Sun studyE11A#ROperatorRKA space agency (probably by the IKI science institute)^1w1A#R:"Perigee/Apogee483/526 kmV1̓1A#R*Inclination82.5Tw1!1A#R&Period94.7 minr%̓11M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #109]!11' The payload was developed by the IZMIRAN institute (Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism in Moscow) and includes the Terek spectroheliometer, the RES-K solar x-ray spectrograph, the Helikon solar gamma ray detector, the SUVR-SP-C ultraviolet radiometer, the DIFOS optical photometer, and other instruments.Built by NPO Yuzhnoe, platform: AUOS-SM81O11qbcO1171Corsa B8 11, (" Corsa B9O11# ,Also called Hakucho1 11'  Generalg 1X1G#^@") Designation11272 / 79014A\11A#R6Launch date21 Feb 1979lX1 1M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanx+11M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^ 11A#R:"Perigee/Apogee543/566 kmV1L1A#R*Inclination29.8T11A#R&Period95.7 miniL1 1M#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 3CZ1c1A#R2Launch siteKagoshimaY 11A#R0"Mass at launch96 kg&c11# <11' * External resourcesjC11' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/hakucho.html511'  End of lifeV11A#R*Decay15 Apr 1985$171" 61m11Dcm111Cos B6 711, (" Cos B:m1݌1# . COsmic ray Satellite1 11'  Generalg ݌1u1G#^@") Designation08062 / 75072A[1Ѝ1A#R4Launch date9 Aug 1975m u1=1M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope|/Ѝ11M#j^"H̀_BMissionScientific: gamma-ray astronomy`=11A#R>"Perigee/Apogee442/99002 kmV1o1A#R*Inclination90.3V1ŏ1A#R*Period2203.9 mins&o1D1M#jL" ŏ1D171&p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #113Zŏ11A#R2"Mass at launch280 kg&D11# <11' *O External resources116 :]http://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/cos.htmlhttp://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Archives/Cosb/cosb.htmlhttp://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/cosb.html&1 1# 51?1'  End of life_ 11A#R<"Out of service25 Apr 1982$?11" 1111z1<1I"1<1' Dpage intentionally left blank91u11! du112Coupon 19 <11, (" Coupon 11 u11'  Generalg 1F1G#^@") Designation25045 / 97070A\11A#R6Launch date12 Nov 1997jF1 1M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"1{1M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications] 11A#R8,Geostationary orbit55Eo"{1G1M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #2530 1w1' Operated by GIS: Global Information Systems and the Central Bank of Russia. Was originally to be launched in Oct 1994. The price of manufacture and launching of this satellite totalled 560 billion roubles. The insurance is to pay $70 million for the failure5G11'  End of life`w1 1A#R>"Out of servicemid-Mar 1998q11A#RCausethe onboard frequency detector caused a computer failure. Other sources claim 2 stabilizers have failed& 11# 811' "(Technical data81T1' " Specifications~=11A#Rz&Prime contractorLavochkin (first commercial comsat made)d#T161A#RFPlatformPrognox 2nd generation[11A#R4"Mass at launch2300 kgS611A#R$ Mass in orbitO131A#RDimensionQ11A#R Solar arrayS311A#R$ StabilizationN 1%1A#RDC powerU1z1A#R($Design lifetimea=%11$ zOnly 70% of the planned power is effectively operational.1 z1 1'  Ku-bandY1e1A#R0(Main transponders16Y 11A#R0,Backup transpondersK e1 1A#RPowerU1^1A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzl+ 11A#RVCoverageEurope and Asia, several spotsT^11A#R&EIRP max50 dBWX1v1A#R.Polarizationlinear&11# K$v1 2' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)1 2<1;12c#v . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlink_ 2 2R#t10.980_ 2h2R#t 10.980_ 22R#t11.060_ h2&2R#t 11.060_ 22R#t11.100_ &22R#t 11.100_ 2C2R#t11.180_ 22R#t 11.180_ C22R#t11.480_ 2`2R#t 11.480_ 22R#t11.560_ `22R#t 11.560_ 2}2R#t11.600_ 22R#t 11.600_ }2;2R#t11.680_ 22R#t 11.680$;22" 9221Y2cqd202X 2Coupon 29 202, (" Coupon 21 2a2'  GeneralY022G#^$") DesignationYa22A#R0Launch datemid-1999j2}2M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"22M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]}2I 2A#R8,Geostationary orbit55Ej2 2M#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton|I 2X 2) Originally planned for launch in April 1995, slotted in 9.5WThe atomic standard in the onboard synchronizing device will be discarded. Its malfunctions were responsible for putting the first satellite out of order. The second satellite will have its productivity doubled as compared with the first satellite, and its service life in orbit will reach 12 years.Kupon-M bus1 2 21W 2 2 2T+X 2 2) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& 2 2# 9 2< 21 d< 2u 2 2Coupon 39  2u 2, (" Coupon 3U2< 2 2# dLaunch planned in October 1995 slotted in 162E1u 2 21W 2O 2u 2T+ 2O 2) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& 2u 2# ; O 2 21td 2 2"B2Courier 1B;u 2 2, ( " Courier 1B1 22'  Generalg 22G#^@") Designation00058 / 60013A[22A#R4Launch date4 Oct 1960t'2R2M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States722M#jn"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications: recording satellite_R2A@2A#R<2A@2u 2"Perigee/Apogee967/1214 kmV2@2A#R*Inclination28.3UA@2@2A#R(Period107.1 minq$@2]A2M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar_@2A2A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralfB]A2"B2$ Could record messages from Earth station and rebroadcast them.4A2VB21dԁdVB2B2F2CTA4"B2B2, (" CTA1 VB2B2'  Generalg B2"C2G#^@") Designation22214 / 92070C\B2~C2A#R6Launch date22 Oct 1992m "C2C2M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadaU~C2@D2G#^"H̀Mission^C2D2A#R:"Perigee/Apogee164/243 kmV@D2D2A#R*Inclination28.4TD2HE2A#R&Period88.4 minjD2E2M#j:" &ϛLaunch vehicleSTS 52&HE2E2# 5E2 F2'  End of lifec"E2pF2A#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleU F2F2A#R(Decay1 Nov 1992$pF2F2" 4F2G21d׃dG2QG2L2CTS4F2QG2, (" CTS8G2G2# *Also called Herms1 QG2G2'  Generalg G2!H2G#^@") Designation08585 / 76004A\G2}H2A#R6Launch date17 Jan 1976m !H2H2M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"}H2YI2M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^H2I2A#R:,Geostationary orbit116Ws&YI2*J2M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #119k*I2J2A#RT"Mass at launch674 kg, 347 kg in orbit{*J24K2$ Used by the United States and Canada for TV transmission tests with small Earth stations. Also used for computer links.<J2pK2' *O External resourcesU.4K2K2' \http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/cts.html&pK2K2# 5K2 L2'  End of lifea K2L2A#R@"Out of serviceNovember 1979$ L2L2" CL2L21 ԁdeL2+M22Program: CyberstarCL2+M2, (0" Program: Cyberstar3L2^O2. * 'Telecommunication program operated by Loral The CyberStar network proposes to offer services such as video telephony and videoconferencing, medical and technical tele-imaging, high-speed data networks and "bandwidth on demand." Program worth $1.6 billion3 satellites operating in Ka-band to be located at: 28E, 105.5E, and 115W. Cost: $1.6 billionFirst satellite to be launched in 1998, meanwhile Ku-band capacity should be leased to start broadcasting in 1997. This schedule seems to be 1 year late now.j@+M2O2* $㋗hPA strategic partnership was drawn with Alcatel's Skybridge<^O22' *O External resourcO22L2esDO2T2' :http://www.cyberstar.com/822' "(OTechnical data8T2Ā2' " SpecificationsZ22A#R2&Prime contractorSS/LN Ā2l2A#RPlatformT22A#R&"Mass at launchSl22A#R$ Mass in orbitO2b2A#RDimensionQ22A#R Solar arraySb22A#R$ StabilizationN 2T2A#RDC powerU22A#R($Design lifetime&T2σ2# 1 22'  Ka-bandWσ2W2A#R,(Main transpondersY22A#R0,Backup transpondersK W22A#RPowerO2J2A#RBandwidth_22A#R<Coverage27 regional beamsN J22A#REIRP max[2R2A#R4PolarizationRHCP/LHCPL22B#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.5-30.0 GHzDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHzR22' [on-board switchingFrequency Division Multiple (FDM)/Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) protocol for uplink and TDM for downlink. Inter-satellite link at 60 GHz is planned1221W292_2T+292) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&2_2# > 9221~׃de2ۈ2(2Program: Dash>_2ۈ2, (&" Program: DashM*2(2# TAmerican program for radars calibration= ۈ2e21efe222Program: DBSM(228 @,c%" Program: DBS[e2A24 6?qO\@ggAmerican digital direct TV program operated by HCI.Two companies provide TV packages: DirecTV, a subsidiary of GM Hughes Electronics, and USSB a division of Hubbard Broadcasting Inc. The receivers were (at the beginning solely) provided by Thomson Consumer Electronics (RCA trademark).Six additional satellites are planned (in mid-1997)&2g2# A2g2, &U.S. Satellite Broadcasting has voluntarily returned its authorisation for eight transponders at the 148 degrees West orbital location to the FCC.DirectTV has previously returned the slot located at 157W.1 g22' O ContactGg22< H?qO\@ggDirecTvTel: +1-818-569-7700http://www.directv.comHCIUSSB12L21L2ƍ2z22ƍ2H `dlS~9T9T〽9Tぽ9TProgram: DBSDBS 1DBS 2DBS 3DBS 41L221 229ƍ202# ,DBS' specifications\22A#R60&Prime contractorHughesU022A#R(0PlatformHS-601S[2<2A#R40"Mass at launch2930 kgZ22A#R20 Mass in orbit1700 kgc"<2 2A#RD0Dimension2.27 x 2.27 x 2.27 m2 2ƍ2\2h2A#R60Solar array35.1 m spanY 22A#R00 Stabilization3 axisTh22A#R&0DC power4500 W]2r2A#R80$Design lifetime12 years{W22$ Transponders are optimized for digital TV: fixed gain and automatic level control. 1r221q2^2B2`2# >DBS' Ku-band (12.2-12.7 GHz)Y22A#R00(Main transponders16Z`22A#R20,Backup transponders8W2j2A#R,0Power120 W (TWTA)U22A#R(0Bandwidth24 MHzdj2#2G#^:0BTCoverageContinental UST2w2A#R&0EIRP max52 dBWV#22A#R*0PolarizationLHCPjw2^2' The system can be configured as 8 transponders with 240 W power to provide 2.9 dBW more.The DSS architecture can broadcast 40Mbits/sec per transponder in either of two error control modes. In High mode, 30Mbps is allocated to information and 10Mbps to error control. In Low mode, 23Mbps is allocated to information and 17Mbps is allocated to error control.122122w@^227 >c%"TDBS' EIRPAdd 2.9 dBW for transponders with 240 W power.62<21ae<2~22DBS 1B 2~25 :c%" DBS 11 <22'  Generalg ~22G#^@") Designation22930 / 93078A\2r2A#R6Launch date18 Dec 1993t'22M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesfr2L2M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVh!22G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit101.2Wn!L2"2M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V62&2H2# 8"22' "(Technical dataUH22: DBTYlƉoEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-bandUplink frequency: 17.3-18.8 GHz62E21#efE22P3DBS 2F228 @c%" DBS 21 E22'  Generalg 2#2G#^@") Designation23192 / 94047A[2~2A#R4Launch date3 Aug 1994t'#22M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesf~2X2M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVh!22G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit100.8Wq$X212M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas CentaurH#2y2% GIt carried a time capsule named SpaceArc containing messages from the vice-president of the U.S.A. (Al-Gore) and his predecessor. After its useful life span the spacecraft will be moved to a higher orbit so that only an explorer from a distant future generation may uncover the messages.8122' "(Technical dataYy2P3: DBTYlƉoEIRP coverage (dBW)2P32SpecificationsKu-bandApogee motor: ARC490N (liquid fuel)6231ae<f33P3DBS 3B P335 :c%" DBS 31 33'  Generalg 3`3G#^@") Designation23598 / 95029A\33A#R6Launch date10 Jun 1995t'`303M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesf33M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV^033A#R:,Geostationary orbit101Wn!3b3M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V74J&33$ LWill be used ofr power enforcement8b33' "(Technical datal43P38 @hBTYlƉoEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-band63316f333DBS 4B P335 :c%" DBS 41 33'  GeneralY3R3G#^$") Designation`33A#R>Launch dateplanned in 1996t'R3&3M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesf33M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV^&33A#R:,Geostationary orbit157Wr%3\3M#jJ" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur?qM33$ Probably only a ground reserve, to be launch in case of problems in orbit1\331W3R3x3T+3R3) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&3x3# 6R331exf33s 3Debut> x332 4"  DebutA3- 3) "0 Also called Orizuru1 3^ 3'  Generalg - 3 3G#^@") Designation20479 / 90013B[^ 3 3A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1990l 3 3M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanU 3 3G#^"H̀Mission_ 3@ 3A#R<"Perigee/Apogee908/1742 kmT 3 3A#R&Inclination99U@ 3 3A#R(Period112.2 minf 3O 3M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1$ 3s 3" ; O 3 31ff 3 3A3Delta Star;s 3 3, ( " Delta Star9 3" 3# ,Also called USA 0361 3S 3'  Generalg " 3 3G#^@") Designation19911 / 89026A\S 33A#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989t' 33M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States]33G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^3E3A#R:"Perigee/Apogee307/312 kmV33A#R*Inclination47.7TE3 @3A#R&Period90.7 min3 @3s 3s&3@3M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #184wS @3@3$ Part of the Star War program. Payload: radar, laser and 7 optical sensors (IR).5@3+A3'  End of lifeV@3A3A#R*Decay23 Jun 1992$+A3A3" 6A3A31xfOfA3B3G3Denpa6 A3B3, (" Denpa8A3IB3# *Means "radio wave"1 B3zB3'  Generalg IB3B3G#^@") Designation06152 / 72064A\zB3=C3A#R6Launch date19 Aug 1972lB3C3M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapany,=C3"D3M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_C3D3A#R<"Perigee/Apogee238/6322 kmT"D3D3A#R&Inclination31UD3*E3A#R(Period157.4 miniD3E3M#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 4SZ*E3E3A#R2Launch siteKagoshimaYE3FF3A#R0"Mass at launch75 kg&E3lF3# <FF3F3' *O External resourcesV/lF3F3' ^http://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/denpa-e.html&F3$G3# 5F3YG3'  End of lifeV$G3G3A#R*Decay19 May 1980$YG3G3" HG3H31fgH3oH3H3Program: DFS KopernikusTG3oH35 :@ⰹc%" Program: DFS KopernikusUH3H3. , ѤRgDeutscher Fernmelde SatellitGerman telecommunication program operated by DTAG1oH3#I31#I3I3v5H3I3A Rj0`ʗ>T˗>T̗>TProgram: DFS KopernikusDFS 1DFS 2DFS 31#I3I31UI3N3N3E"I3J3# DDFS Kopernikus's specifications|;I3J3A#Rv&Prime contractorR-DFS consortium with ANT and MBB-ERNOZJ3J3A#R2PlatformSpacebus 100[J3@K3A#R4"Mass at launch1415 kgYJ3K3A#R0 Mass in orbit850 kg>@K3L3A#R|Payload mass158 kg: transponders: 126 kg, antennas: 32 kg`K3xL3A#R>Dimension1.4 x 1.9 x 4.1 m\L3L3A#R6Solar array15.4 m spanYxL3-M3A#R0 Stabilization3 axis?L3M3B#T~DC powerBOL: 1990 WEOL: solstice: 1463 W, equinox: 1558 WX-M3N3A#R. Payload power896 W]M3cN3A#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsw6N3N3A#RlCapacity1800 phone circuits and 200 data circuits$cN3N3" 1N3/O31U/O33ɂ3>N3mO3# 6DFS Kopernikus's Ku-bandY/O3O3A#R00(Main transponders10YmO3+3A#R00,O3+3N3Backup transpondersVO33A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)O+33B#T0Bandwidth3 transponders in 11 GHz: 90 MHz7 transponders in 12 GHz: 44 MHzU3g3A#R(0CoverageGermanyT33A#R&0EIRP max49 dBWXg33A#R.0PolarizationlinearP33B#T0Uplink14.0-14.25 GHz for 11 GHz downlink14.25-14.5 GHz for 12 GHz downlink$3ɂ3" 1331U3C3g3>ɂ383# 6DFS Kopernikus's Ka-bandX33A#R.0(Main transponders1Y833A#R00,Backup transpondersV3?3A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)U33A#R(0Bandwidth90 MHzU?33A#R(0CoverageGermanyT3=3A#R&0EIRP max48 dBWR33A#R"0PolarizationY=33A#R00Uplink29.5-29.6 GHz[3C3A#R40Downlink19.7-19.8 GHz$3g3" 1C331U3{33X5g33# jDFS Kopernikus's Transponder frequency chart (GHz);33c#v . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinka33R#t11.475A1a3P3R#t11.525A2a33R#tB111.550aP33R#tB211.600a3s3R#t11.625C1a3ԉ3R#t11.675C2as353R#tK112.524aԉ33R#t12.559K2a533R#tK312.591a3X3R#t12.625K4a33R#tK512.658aX33R#t12.692K6a3{3R#tK712.725$33" 6{3Ռ31D́gՌ333DFS 1B 335 :ⰹc%" DFS 11 Ռ3H3'  Generalg 33G#^@") Designation20041 / 89041B[H3 3A#R4Launch date5 Jun 1989n!3x3M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo" 33M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!x3I3A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!33M#jB" &2D+Launch vehicleAriane V31&I3ݏ3# : 3#3- *ݏ3#33/ۀ Locationݏ33m#:   " BeginEndPosition#3-3j#,"&(L: 5 Jun 198933j#>,.Jan 1991Jan 199323.5E-3?3j#>,.Jul 1993Nov 199533.5E33% Ran out of control a few days in Nov 1995. Control was regained in early December but DFS 1 escaped again in mid-December 19955?33'  End of life\3w3A#R6"Out of serviceNov 1995c"33A#RDCausesatellite out of control&w33# 8383' "(Technical data{33@ Pߩ%##`#`WSpecificationsKu-bandKa-bandTransponder frequency chartBeacon: 11.450 GHz vertical & 11.4535 GHz horizontal683)31g3g)3k3*3DFS 2B 3k35 :ⰹc%" DFS 21 )33'  Generalg k33G#^@") Designation20706 / 90063B\3_3A#R6Launch date24 Jul 1990n!33M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo"_3<3M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg 33G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit28.5En!<33M#jB" &8D+Launch vehicleAriane V37&373# 83o3' "(Technical data{73*3@ Pߩ%##`#`WSpecificationsKu-bandKa-bandTransponder frequency chartBeacon: 11.450 GHz vertical & 11.4535 GHz horizontal6o3`31́g`33J3DFS 3B *335 :ⰹc%" DFS 31 `33'  Generalg 3:3G#^@") Designation22175 / 92066A\33A#R6Launch date12 Oct 1992n!:33M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo"3s3M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg 33G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit23.5Ep#s3J3M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #215&3p3# 8J33' "(Technical data\p3J3F \ɇcߩ%##`#`WEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-bandKa-bandTransponder frequency chart13{31{33UJ336 <@̗>T"UDFS Kopernikus 3's EIRPA{331Of h3b33Program: DiadmeQ3b38 @4⌥" Program: DiadmeoL33# French scientific program: geodesy studies using laser and doppler effect1b3313j3h.3j3: D\ 㦼㧼Program: DiadmeDiadme 1Diadme 2: 331xh3 4p4Diadme 1Fj3 45 :$⌥" Diadme 13 4j353A4# $Also called D1C1 4r4'  Generalg A44G#^@") Designation02674 / 67011A[r444A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1967m 44M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancep#444M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesyR4c4A#R"OperatorCNES_44A#R<"Perigee/Apogee545/1083 kmVc44A#R*Inclination39.9U4m4A#R(Period101.2 minn!44M#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #3Ym444A#R0"Mass at launch20 kg&4Z4# 5444'  End of life^Z44A#R:"Out of service2 Jan 1970_4L4A#R<CauseStopped broadcasting$4p4" : L441]0g44 4Diadme 2Fp445 :$⌥" Diadme 254%4# $Also called D1D1 4V4'  Generalg %44G#^@") Designation02680 / 67014A\V44A#R6Launch date15 Feb 1967m 44M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancep#44M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesyR4H4A#R"OperatorCNES_44A#R<"Perigee/Apogee586/1731 kmVH44A#R*Inclination39.4U4R 4A#R(Period108.5 minn!4 4M#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #4YR 4 4A#R0"Mass at launch20 kg& 4? 4# 5 4t 4'  End of lifeC? 4 4A#R"Out of service16 Sep 1968 (stopped transmitting on 5 Apr 1967)$t 4 4" 9 4U 41gLhU 4 4#A4Diapason9  4 4, (" Diapason5U 4 4# $Also called D1A1 4 4'  Generalg 4[ 4G#^@") Designation02016 / 66013A\ 4 4A#R6Launch date17 Feb 1966m [ 4$ 4M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancep# 4 4M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesyR$ 4 4A#R"OperatorCNES_ 4E4A#R<"Perigee/Apogee502/2484 kmV 44A#R*Inclination34.1UE44A#R(Period115.8 minn!4^4M#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #2[44A#R4"Mass at launch18.5 kgD ^4 @4$ @Also used to test technology4 @4 454A@4'  End of life_ @4@4A#R<"Out of service23 Jan 1972_A@4@4A#R<CauseStopped transmitting$@4#A4" D@4gA41# h%hgA4A4B4Program: DiscovererD#A4A4, (2" Program: DiscoverergA4B42 2 QdI#*≂USAF program: 38 satellites launched between 28 Feb 1959 and 27 Feb 1962It seems that all Discoverers beginning with number 14 are KH spysats. See Thor Agena listing for the launches.> A4B41LhiB4%C4E4Program: DMSPJB4%C45 :,?cG" Program: DMSPB4D4C T  l^gn։ YS?Defense Meteorological Satellite ProgramMilitary meteorology program operated by NOAA since may 1998 (previously the Air Force Space Command was in charge of the program). The technology was first tested by the AMS program. All DMSP satellites were built by RCA Astro Space, which is now Lockheed Martin Astro Space; based on the Tiros N bus. 5 DMSP B5D3 have been ordered<%C4(E4' *O External resourcesD4E46 :!http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/dmsp.htmlhttp://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/dmsp.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/met/dmsp.htm1(E4F41_F4MG4.E4MG4P n9㧢щ㫢щ㬢щ㭢щProgram: DMSPDMSP B5D1-1 (76091A)DMSP B5D1-2 (77044A)DMSP B5D1-3 (78042A)DMSP B5D1-4 (79050A)DMSP B5D2-3DMSP B5D2-4 (88006A)DMSP B5D2-5 (90105A)DMSP B5D2-6 (91082A)DMSP B5D2-7DMSP B5D2-8DMSP B5D2-91F4~G41U~G4K4;K4@MG4G4# :DMSP B5D1's specificationsd#~G4"H4A#RF&Prime contractorMM Astro SpaceN G4pH4A#RPlatformh'"H4H4A#RN"Mass at launchbetween 450 & 513 kgSpH4+I4A#R$ Mass in orbitTH4I4A#R&Diameter1.68 mQ+I4I4A#R Height6.4 mQI4!J4A#R Solar arraySI4tJ4A#R$ StabilizationN !J4J4A#RDC powerUtJ4K4A#R($Design lifetime$J4;K4" 1K4lK41UlK4O4Launch siteVandenberg SLC3: ܎44- (26The satellite carries the OLS (Operational Linescan System) weather imager, and a set of microwave sounders and particle detectors.The launch vehic<444le was the last Atlas E, a refurbished intercontinental ballistic missile which had been built in the early 1960s.8<44' "(Technical data<44) "&[\ Specifications< 4241i24z44DMSP B5D2-9H4z45 :(?cG" DMSP B5D2-9I&244# LAlso called USA 131 and DMSP 5D F141 z44'  Generalg 4[4G#^@") Designation24753 / 97012A[44A#R4Launch date4 Apr 1997t'[4*4M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr%44M#jJ"H̀l/MissionMilitary: meteorologyZ*44A#R2"Perigee/Apogee850 kmT4J4A#R&Inclination99S44A#R$Period102 mino"J4 4M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 2 #18[4g4A#R4Launch siteVandenberg? 44$ 6Last of the B5D2 series8g44' "(Technical data<44) "&[\ SpecificationsH4b41I%hrb444Program: Dong Fang HongT445 :@⥹c%" Program: Dong Fang Hongb44( Means "The Orient is red", also called DFH or PRCPeople's Republic of China program which contains numerous sub-programs. Very few details are available...Among those subprograms the Zhongxing alias Chinasat telecommunication program1441U4^44E4D4) "8mSProgram: Dong Fang Hong4^4#!(v&"(v&#(v&$(v&%(v&&(v&'(v&((v&)(v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&&v&L&v&&v&&v&&v&('v&'v& 'v&!'v&"'v&#'v&$'v&DFH 01DFH 02DFH 03DFH 04DFH 05DFH 06DFH 07DFH 08DFH 09DFH 10DFH 11DFH 12DFH 13DFH 14DFH 15DFH 16DFH 17DFH 18DFH 19DFH 20DFH 21DFH 22DFH 23DFH 24DFH 25DFH 26DFH 30DFH 31DFH 32DFH 33DFH 34DFH 35DFH 36DFH 37DFH 38DFH 39DFH 40DFH 41DFH 42DFH 43DFH 44DFH 45DFH 46$D44" 1^4414!4>44# 6Feng Yun 1 A&B's payloadX+4I4- *V  VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer)44F#Z0Wavebands0.58-0.68 m (visible)0.725-1.1 m (near IR)0.48-0.53 m (visible)0.53-0.58 m (visible)10.5-12.5 m (thermal IR)k)I4}4B#TR0Resolution1.1 km (visible)4 km (IR)X44A#R.0Swath width3200 kmL(}4!4$ PEquipped with 2 of those radiometers14R41UR4[55!4 4, & STTW's specificationsShiyan Tongbu Tongxin Weixing means experimental synchronous communications satellite. Could also be named DFH 1f%R4p4A#RJ0&Prime contractorChinese industryR 44A#R"0PlatformSTTW[p4)5A#R40"4)5!4Mass at launch1024 kga 45A#R@0 Mass in orbitapprox. 450 kgS)55A#R$0Diameter2.1 mr15O5A#Rb0Solar arraycells mounted on cylindrical bodyb!55A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedN O55A#R0DC power\5[5A#R60$Design lifetime4 years$55" 1[551U5@5d5355#  STTW's C-bandX5;5A#R.0(Main transponders2Y55A#R00,Backup transpondersV;55A#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)U5?5A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzS55A#R$0CoverageChinaT?55A#R&0EIRP max32 dBWZ5@5A#R20Polarizationlinear H$5d5" 1@551U55 5<d55# 2DFH 2's specificationsf%575A#RJ0&Prime contractorChinese industryS55A#R$0PlatformDFH 2T755A#R&0"Mass at launchS515A#R$0 Mass in orbitN 55A#R0DiameterQ155A#R 0Solar arrayb!525A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedN 55A#R0DC power]255A#R80$Design lifetime4 years?$5 5" 152 51U2 5 5 54 5f 5# "DFH 2's C-bandX2 5 5A#R.0(Main transponders4Yf 5 5A#R00,Backup transpondersV 5m 5A#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)U 5 5A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzSm 5 5A#R$0CoverageChinaT 5i 5A#R&0EIRP max32 dBWZ 5 5A#R20Polarizationlinear H$i 5 5" 1 5 51U 555< 5T 5# 2DFH 3's specifications_ 5 5A#R<0&Prime contractorCAST/DASAST 5 5A#R$0PlatformDFH 3[ 5a 5A#R40"Mass at launch2230 kgZ 5 5A#R20 Mass in orbit1100 kgOa 5 5A#R0DimensionY 5c5A#R00 Stabilization3 axisN 55A#R0DC power\c5 5A#R60$Design lifetime8 years|;55A#Rv0Capacity6 tv channels and 8000 phone calls per minute!$ 55" 1551U5C5C545@5# "5@55DFH 3's C-bandY5w@5A#R00(Main transponders24Y@5@5A#R00,Backup transpondersFw@5XA5B#T0Power6 transponders of 20 W (TWTA)18 transponders of 10 W (TWTA)U@5A5A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzSXA5B5A#R$0CoverageChina};A5}B5B#Tv0EIRP max6 transponders: 38 dBW18 transponders: 35 dBWTB5B5A#R&0G/T max-2 dB/Ki(}B5:C5A#RP0Polarizationlinear, standard C-bandf%B5C5A#RJ0Beacons3.70980 V & 4.19202 H GHz$:C5C5" BC5D51ZjD5TD5}H5Dong Fang Hong 01NC5TD55 :4⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 017D5D5# (Also called Mao 11 TD5D5'  Generalg D5#E5G#^@") Designation04382 / 70034A\D5E5A#R6Launch date24 Apr 1970l#E5E5M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina_E5JF5G#^0"H̀MissionScientific_E5F5A#R<"Perigee/Apogee431/2163 kmVJF5F5A#R*Inclination68.4UF5TG5A#R(Period111.5 minp#F5G5M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 1ZTG5H5A#R2"Mass at launch173 kg_;G5}H5$ vFrequencies: 20.008 MHz, 202 MHz, 2752 MHz and 5600 MHzBH5H519j jH5 I5L5Dong Fang Hong 02N}H5 I55 :4⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 02?H5LI5# 8Also called Mao 2 or SJ 11 I5}I5'  Generalg LI5I5G#^@") Designation05007 / 71018A[}I5?J5A#R4Launch date3 Mar 1971lI5J5M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinai"?J5K5G#^D"H̀MissionScientific (Shijian)_J5sK5A#R<"Perigee/Apogee265/1833 kmVK5K5A#R*Inclination69.8UsK5L5A#R(Period106.1 minp#K5L5M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 1kGL5L5$ Frequencies: 19.997 MHz, 20.008 MHz, 202 MHz, 2752 MHz and 5600 MHzBL5;M51jik;M5M55Dong Fang Hong 03NL5M55 :4⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 03A;M5M5# <Also called Mao 3 or JSSW 11 M5M5'  Generalg M5bN5G#^@") Designation08053 / 75070A\M5N5A#R6Launch date26 Jul 1975lbN5*O5M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinar%N5O5M#jJ"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (JSSW)^*O5 5A#R:"Perigee/Apogee190/455 kmO5 5L5TO5`5A#R&Inclination69T 55A#R&Period90.9 minh`55M#j6" &9+SLaunch vehicleFB 1&5B5# 55w5'  End of lifeVB5́5A#R*Decay14 Sep 1975$w55" B́5351Q jk3555Dong Fang Hong 04N555 :4⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 04B35Â5# >Also called Mao 4 or FSW 0-11 55'  Generalg Â5[5G#^@") Designation08452 / 75111A\55A#R6Launch date26 Nov 1975l[5#5M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$55M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^#55A#R:"Perigee/Apogee173/483 kmT5F5A#R&Inclination63T55A#R&Period91.1 minq$F5 5M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&515# 5 5f5'  End of life^15Ć5A#R:"Out of service3 Dec 1975c"f5'5A#RDCauseNormal (photos recovery)VĆ5}5A#R*Decay29 Dec 1975$'55" B}551ik@k5555Dong Fang Hong 05R5558 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 05A5v5# <Also called Mao 5 or JSSW 21 555'  Generalg v55G#^@") Designation08488 / 75119A\5j5A#R6Launch date16 Dec 1975l5։5M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinar%j5H5M#jJ"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (JSSW)^։55A#R:"Perigee/Apogee186/387 kmTH55A#R&Inclination69T5N5A#R&Period90.3 minh55M#j6" &9+SLaunch vehicleFB 1&N5܋5# 555'  End of lifeV܋5g5A#R*Decay27 Jan 1976$55" Bg5͌51kWk͌555Dong Fang Hong 06R558 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 06A͌5`5# <Also called Mao 6 or JSSW 31 55'  Generalg `55G#^@") Designation09394 / 76087A\5T5A#R6Launch date30 Aug 1976l55M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinar%T525M#jJ"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (JSSW)_55A#R<"Perigee/Apogee195/2145 kmV25 5A#R*Inclination69.25 55U5a5A#R(Period108.8 minh 55M#j6" &9+SLaunch vehicleFB 1&a55# 55$5'  End of lifeV5z5A#R*Decay25 Nov 1978$$55" Bz551@kk5255Dong Fang Hong 07R5258 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 07B5t5# >Also called Mao 7 or FSW 0-21 255'  Generalg t5 5G#^@") Designation09587 / 76117A[5g5A#R4Launch date7 Dec 1976l 55M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$g5D5M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^55A#R:"Perigee/Apogee172/489 kmVD55A#R*Inclination59.4T5L5A#R&Period91.1 minq$55M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&L55# 555'  End of lifeU5m5A#R(Decay2 Jan 1977$55" Bm551Wkk5%55Dong Fang Hong 08R5%58 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 08B5g5# >Also called Mao 8 or FSW 0-31 %55'  Generalg g55G#^@") Designation10611 / 78011A\5[5A#R6Launch date26 Jan 1978l55M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$[585M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^55A#R:"Perigee/Apogee186/507 kmT855A#R&Inclination57T5>5A#R&Period91.4 minq$55M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&>55# 55 5'  End of lifeU5_5A#R(Decay7 Feb 1978$ 55" B_551kl556Dong Fang Hong 09N555 :4⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 0965I5# &Also called SJ 21 5z5'  Generalg I55G#^@") Designation12842 / 81093A\z5=5A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1981l55M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina6=5,5M#jl"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study (Shijian)_55A#R<"Perigee/Apogee232/1598 kmV,55A#R*Inclination59.5U565A#R(Period103.3 minh55M#j6" &9+SLaunch vehicleFB 1&655# 55 6'  End of life5 65V5b6A#R*Decay19 Sep 1981$ 66" Bb661lkJl66U6Dong Fang Hong 10R668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 1076Q6# (Also called SJ 3A1 66'  Generalg Q66G#^@") Designation12843 / 81093B\6E6A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1981l66M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina^E66G#^."H̀Mission(Shijian)_6n6A#R<"Perigee/Apogee233/1615 kmV66A#R*Inclination59.4Un66A#R(Period103.5 minh66M#j6" &9+SLaunch vehicleFB 1&66# 566'  End of lifeU616A#R(Decay6 Oct 1982$6U6" B1661ml~l66% 6Dong Fang Hong 11RU668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 1176 6# (Also called SJ 3B1 6Q6'  Generalg 66G#^@") Designation12845 / 81093D\Q66A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1981l66M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina^66G#^."H̀Mission(Shijian)_6=6A#R<"Perigee/Apogee232/1608 kmV66A#R*Inclination59.4U=66A#R(Period103.4 minh6P 6M#j6" &9+SLaunch vehicleFB 1&6v 6# 5P 6 6'  End of lifeVv 6 6A#R*Decay17 Aug 1982$ 6% 6" B 6g 61Jllg 6 66Dong Fang Hong 12R% 6 68 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 129g 6 6# ,Also called FSW 0-41 6# 6'  Generalg 6 6G#^@") Designation13521 / 82090A[# 6 6A#R4Launch date9 Sep 1982l 6Q 6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$ 6 6M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^Q 6 6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee172/392 kmT 6t 6A#R&Inclination63T 6 6A#R&Period90.2 minq$t 696M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C& 6_6# 5966'  End of lifeV_66A#R*Decay21 Sep 1982$66" B6P61~llP66D6Dong Fang Hong 13R668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 139P66# ,Also called FSW 0-51 6@6'  6@66Generalg 6@6G#^@") Designation14288 / 83086A\@6@6A#R6Launch date19 Aug 1983l@6GA6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$@6A6M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^GA6B6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee170/493 kmVA6lB6A#R*Inclination63.3TB6B6A#R&Period91.2 minq$lB61C6M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&B6WC6# 51C6C6'  End of lifeUWC6C6A#R(Decay3 Sep 1983$C6D6" BC6GD61llGD6D6bJ6Dong Fang Hong 14RD6D68 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 149GD6D6# ,Also called STTW T11 D6E6'  Generalg D6jE6G#^@") Designation14670 / 84008A\E6E6A#R6Launch date29 Jan 1984ljE62F6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina[E6F6G#^("H̀Mission(STTW)\2F6F6A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/a_F6HG6A#R<"Perigee/Apogee484/6446 kmVF6G6A#R*Inclination36.1SHG6G6A#R$Period162 minp#G6aH6M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3U1G6H6$ bWould not have provided entire China coverage5aH6H6'  End of life_H6JI6A#R<"Out of service29 Jan 1984n-H6I6A#RZCauseLauncher 3rd stage failed to ignite&JI6I6# 8I6J6' "(Technical dataLI6bJ60 08hSpecificationsC-bandBJ6J61lvlJ6J6cO6Dong Fang Hong 15RbJ6J68 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 159J6/K6# ,Also called STTW T21 J6`K6'  Generalg /K6K6G#^@") Designation14899 / 84035A[`K6"L6A#R4Launch date8 Apr 1984lK6L6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinav)"L6M6M#jR"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications (STTW)YL6]M6A#R0,Geostationary orbitp#M6M6M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3`6]M6-N6* $l.h3ΉDid not cover entire China. Operated by Chinasat5M6bN6'  End of lifeW-N6N6A#R,"Out of serviceyes&bN6N6# 8N6O6' "(Technical dataLN6cO60 08hSpecificationsC-bandBO6O61l/mO6 6d6Dong Fang Hong 16RcO6 68 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 16O6 6cO69O6E6# ,Also called FSW 0-61 6v6'  Generalg E6݀6G#^@") Designation15279 / 84098A\v696A#R6Launch date12 Sep 1984l݀66M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$966M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^6t6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee172/398 kmV6ʂ6A#R*Inclination67.9Tt66A#R&Period90.2 minq$ʂ66M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&66# 566'  End of lifeV6@6A#R*Decay29 Sep 1984$6d6" B@661vlvm66M6Dong Fang Hong 17Rd668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 179616# ,Also called FSW 0-71 6b6'  Generalg 16Ʌ6G#^@") Designation16177 / 85096A\b6%6A#R6Launch date21 Oct 1985lɅ66M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$%66M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^6`6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee171/393 kmT66A#R&Inclination63T`66A#R&Period90.2 minq$6y6M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&66# 5y6Ԉ6'  End of lifeU6)6A#R(Decay7 Nov 1985$Ԉ6M6" B)661/mm66t6Dong Fang Hong 18RM668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 18866# *Also called STTW 11 6J6'  Generalg 66G#^@") Designation16526 / 86010A[J6 6A#R4Launch date1 Feb 1986l6x6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinav) 66M#jR"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications (STTW)^x6L6A#R:,Geostationary orbit103Ep#66M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3}SL696* $.h3ΉOperated by Chinasat This was a pre DFH 2 satellite, with full China coverage56n6'  End of life\96ʍ6A#R6"Out of serviceApr 1995&n66# 8ʍ6(6' "(Technical dataL6t60 08hSpecificationsC-bandB(661vmҀm66i6Dong Fang Hong 19Rt668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 1996A6# ,Also called FSW 0-81 6r6'  Generalg A6ُ6G#^@") Designation17001 / 86076A[r6@6A#R4ُ6@6t6Launch date6 Oct 1986lُ66M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$@66M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^6{6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee169/337 kmT66A#R&Inclination57T{6#6A#R&Period89.6 minq$66M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&#66# 566'  End of lifeV6E6A#R*Decay23 Oct 1986$6i6" BE661mm66R6Dong Fang Hong 20Ri668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 209666# ,Also called FSW 0-91 6g6'  Generalg 666G#^@") Designation18306 / 87067A[g6)6A#R4Launch date5 Aug 1987l66M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$)66M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^6d6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee169/366 kmT66A#R&Inclination63Td6 6A#R&Period89.9 minq$6}6M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C& 66# 5}66'  End of lifeV6.6A#R*Decay23 Aug 1987$6R6" B.661Ҁm_m66:6Dong Fang Hong 21RR668 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 21966# ,Also called FSW 1-11 6P6'  Generalg 66G#^@") Designation18341 / 87075A[P66A#R4Launch date8 Sep 1987l6~6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$66M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^~6M6A#R:"Perigee/Apogee181/222 kmT66A#R&Inclination63TM66A#R&Period88.5 minq$6f6M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&66# 5f66'  End of lifeU66A#R(Decay4 Oct 1987$6:6" B6|61mn|667Dong Fang Hong 22N:665 :4⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 22F#|66# FAlso called STTW 2 or Chinasat 11 6A6'  Generalg 66G#^@") Designation18922 / 88014A[A66A#R4Launch date7 Mar 1988l6o6M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"66M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsi(o6S7A#RP6S7:6,Geostationary orbit87.5E, inclinedp#67M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3DS77* $4.h3ΉOperated by Chinasat57<7'  End of life\77A#R6"Out of serviceDec 1997T<77A#R&Causedeorbited&77# 87J7' "(Technical dataL770 08Y "N ,6"Country of originChinaq$V737M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^77A#R:"Perigee/Apogee204/311 kmT377A#R&Inclination63T797A#R&Period89.7 minq$77M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&977# 577'  End of lifeV7[7A#R*Decay13 Aug 1988$77" B[771nn77|7Dong Fang Hong 24R778 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 24V37i7# fAlso called Feng Yun 1-1, means "wind and cloud"1 77'  Generalg i7 7G#^@") Designation19467 / 88080Ag&7h 7A#RLLaunch date6 Sep 1988 at 20:30 UTl 7 7M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinahh 7< 7M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^ 7 7A#R:"Perigee/Apogee832/937 kmV< 7 7A#R*Inclination99.2U 7E 7A#R(Period102.7 minp# 7 7M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 4E 7` 7%  Mission: weather forecasting and environment monitoring; cloud, ice, snow and flood monitoring; sea color and surface temperature.5 7 7'  End of life_` 7 7A#R<CauseFailed after 39 days& 7 7# 8 7R 7' "(Technical data5  7 7) "_jPayload8R 7 7' " Specificationsn- 7-7A#RZ&Prime contractorState Met AdministrationZ 77A#R2"Mass at launch750 kgY-77A#R0 Stabilization3 axis]7=7A#R8$Design lifetime6 months?7|7$ 6Transmits on 137.8 MHz.B=771 n>n7@7C7Dong Fang Hong 25R|7@78 @6⥹c%" Don7@7|7g Fang Hong 25F#7b@7# FAlso called STTW 3 or Chinasat 21 @7@7'  Generalg b@7@7G#^@") Designation19710 / 88111A\@7VA7A#R6Launch date22 Dec 1988l@7A7M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"VA71B7M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsr+A7B7G#^V"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit110.5E, inclinedp#1B7C7M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3DB7WC7* $4.h3ΉOperated by Chinasat8C7C7' "(Technical dataLWC7C70 08Y "N ,6"Country of originChinao"E7F7M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationso(F7F7G#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit98E, inclinedp#F7bG7M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3DF7G7* $4.h3ΉOperated by Chinasat8bG7G7' "(Technical dataLG7*H70 08Y nolH7H77Dong Fang Hong 30R*H7H78 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 30V3lH7I7# fAlso called Feng Yun 1-2, means "wind and cloud"1 H7EI7'  Generalg I7I7G#^@") Designation20788 / 90081A[EI7J7A#R4Launch date3 Sep 1990lI7sJ7M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinahJ7J7M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^sJ79K7A#R:"Perigee/Apogee875/897 kmVJ7K7A#R*Inclination98.8U9K7K7A#R(Period102.7 minp#K7TL7M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 4K7L7%  Mission: weather forcasting and environment monitoring; cloud, ice, snow and flood monitoring; sea color and surface temperature.<TL7:M7' *O External resourcesO(L7M7' Phttp://www.cma.gov.cn/fy2/chnsmc.htm8:M7M7' "(Technical data5 M7M7) "_jPayload8M7.N7' " Specificationsn-M7N7A#RZ&Prime contractorState Met AdministrationZ.N7N7A#R2"Mass at launch750 kgYN7OO7A#R0 Stabilization3 axis[N7O7A#R4$Design lifetime1 yearpKOO7&7% APT-Downlink is approximately 36kHz wide FM-modO7&7*H7ulated, APT-FAX format.y8O77A#Rp*APT downlink freq.137.800MHz (currently not active)t3&77A#Rf,HRPT downlink freq.? (around 1700MHz?, active)S7f7A#R$Beacon freq.?$77" Bf7́71nó777Dong Fang Hong 31R778 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 31>́7\7# 6Also called Atmosphere 11 77'  Generalg \77G#^@") Designation20789 / 90081B[7O7A#R4Launch date3 Sep 1990l77M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina~1O797M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^77A#R:"Perigee/Apogee789/811 kmT977A#R&Inclination99U7@7A#R(Period100.9 minp#77M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 4&@7օ7# 57 7'  End of lifeVօ7a7A#R*Decay11 Mar 1991$ 77" Ba7dž71o.odž77}7Dong Fang Hong 32R778 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 32>dž7W7# 6Also called Atmosphere 21 77'  Generalg W77G#^@") Designation20790 / 90081C[7J7A#R4Launch date3 Sep 1990l77M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChina~1J747M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^77A#R:"Perigee/Apogee596/629 kmT477A#R&Inclination99R787A#R"Period97 minp#77M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 4&87Ί7# 577'  End of lifeVΊ7Y7A#R*Decay24 Jul 1991$7}7" BY771oo777Dong Fang Hong 33R}778 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 3397J7# ,Also called FSW 1-31 7{7'  Generalg J77G#^@") Designation20838 / 90089A[{7=7A#R4Launch date5 Oct 1990l77M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$=77M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^7x7A#R:"Perigee/Apogee209/312 kmT7̎7A#R&Inclination57Tx7 7A#R&Period89.7 minq$̎77M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C& 77# 57 7'  End of life7 7}7V7b7A#R*Decay23 Oct 1990$ 77" Bb771.oo777Dong Fang Hong 34R778 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 34F#7`7# FAlso called STTW 5 or Chinasat 41 77'  Generalg `77G#^@") Designation21833 / 91088A\7T7A#R6Launch date28 Dec 1991l77M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"T7/7M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsd77G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ap#/77M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3&7)7# 57^7'  End of life_)77A#R<"Out of service28 Dec 1991\^77A#R6CauseDid not reach GEO&7?7# 87w7' "(Technical dataL?770 08Y "N ,6"Country of originChinas&7b7M#jL"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW 2)^77A#R:"Perigee/Apogee171/332 kmVb77A#R*Inclination63.1T7j7A#R&Period89.5 minq$77M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2D&j77# 5767'  End of lifeU77A#R(Decay1 Sep 1992$677" B771o&o7C77Dong Fang Hong 36R7C78 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 3697|7# ,Also called FSW 1-41 C77'  Generalg |77G#^@") Designation22162 / 92064B[7o7A#R4Launch date6 Oct 1992l77M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$o7L7M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^77A#R:"Perigee/Apogee213/309 kmTL77A#R&Inclination63T7R7A#R&Period89.7 minq$77M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&R77# 577'  End of lifeV7t7A#R*Decay31 Oct 1992$77" Bt771 ߂op7888Dong Fang Hong 37R7888 @6⥹c%7887" Dong Fang Hong 37H%78# JAlso called Jianbing 93 or FSW 1-51 888'  General{48,8G#^h") Designation22859 / 93063A (or 22870 / 93063H)g&88A#RLLaunch date8 Oct 1993 at 08:00 UTl,88M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$8p8M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)_88A#R<"Perigee/Apogee177/2629 kmVp8%8A#R*Inclination56.5U8z8A#R(Period113.9 minq$%88M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2CtMz8_8' Contained a Mao's medallion of 28 g made of 44 South-African diamants that should have been sold by auction at its return on earth by Zhonyu company.The reentry vehicle fired its deorbit motor successfully but, alas, in the wrong direction; the capsule ended up in a 187 x 3016 km orbit, starting from a low 196 x 251 km orbit.588'  End of lifeV_88A#R*Decay12 Mar 1996$88" B8P81^&oWpP88 8Dong Fang Hong 38R888 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 38W4P88# hAlso called Shijian 4 or SJ 4. Means "Practice 4"1 8*8'  Generalg 88G#^@") Designation22996 / 94010A[*88A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1994l8X8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinav/88G#^^"H̀MissionScientific & Technology (Shijian)`X8. 8A#R>"Perigee/Apogee221/34459 kmW8 8A#R,Inclination28.41V. 8 8A#R*Period605.89 minq$ 8L 8M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3A_ 8 8$ It carried six instruments for measuring particle fluxes and spacecraft electric potential.BL 8 81'pp 8c 8Y8Dong Fang Hong 39R 8c 88 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 399 8 8# ,Also called DFH 3-01 c 8 8'  Generalg 84 8G#^@") Designation23009 / 94010B[ 8 8A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1994l4 8 8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinah! 8c 8G#^B"H̀MissionSimulated satellite` 8 8A#R>"Perigee/Apogee211/32578 kmWc 88A#R,Inclination27.49V 8p8A#R*Period570.03 minq$88M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3AxNp8Y8* $'v&Mockup of the new DFH 3 telecommunication series (see Dong Fang Hong 41)B881Wpsp8 @8D8Dong Fang Hong 40RY8 @88 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 408 @8Y8M*8Y@8# TAlso called FSW 2-2, Fanhui Shi Weixing1 @8@8'  Generalg Y@8@8G#^@") Designation23145 / 94037Ag&@8XA8A#RLLaunch date3 Jul 1994 at 08:00 UTl@8A8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinaq$XA85B8M#jH"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW)^A8B8A#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/355 kmV5B8B8A#R*Inclination62.9TB8=C8A#R&Period89.6 minq$B8C8M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2D&=C8C8# 5C8 D8'  End of life|:C8D8B#TtDecaypayload: 15 Jul 1994service module: 13 Sep 1994$ D8D8" BD8D81pppD8=E8|J8Dong Fang Hong 41RD8=E88 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 419D8vE8# ,Also called DFH 3-11 =E8E8'  Generalg vE8F8G#^@") Designation23415 / 94080Ah'E8vF8A#RNLaunch date29 Nov 1994 at 17:02 UTlF8F8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"vF8QG8M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsw6F8G8A#Rl,Geostationary orbitshould have been in 125E slotq$QG89H8M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3AG8H8+ $.h3ΉOperated by Chinasat First satellite of the DFH 3 generation, built with a 20% German participation (Daimler Benz Aerospace/MBB)59H8 I8'  End of life^H8~I8A#R:"Out of service9 Jan 1995T I8I8A#R&Causefuel leak&~I8I8# 8I80J8' "(Technical dataLI8|J80 08 8 u(SpecificationsC-bandB0J8J81z spqJ8K8t8Dong Fang Hong 42R|J8K88 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 42J'J8ZK8# NAlso called Chinasat 7 (Zhongxing 7)1 K8K8'  Generalg ZK8K8G#^@") Designation24282 / 96048A\K8NL8A#R6Launch date18 Aug 1996lK8L8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"NL8)M8M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\L8M8A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/at')M8M8M#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3 #40dM8N82 4ZIz.h3ΉInsured for $128 million. Should have replaced Spacenet 1 (Chinasat 5)Operated by Chinasat5M8N8'  End of life_N8#O8A#R<"Out of service18 Aug 1996bN8O8A#RCauseThe satellite was not delivered in the correct transfer orbit (20 km x 17227 km x 27.2)&#O8 8# O8 8|J88O8D8' "(OTechnical data8 8|8' " Specifications\D8؀8A#R6&Prime contractorHughesT|8,8A#R&PlatformHS-376T؀88A#R&"Mass at launchS,8Ӂ8A#R$ Mass in orbitO8"8A#RDimensionQӁ8s8A#R Solar arrayS"8Ƃ8A#R$ StabilizationN s88A#RDC power]Ƃ8q8A#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsS/8ă8$ ^The apogee motor onboard is a solid Star-300 q88'  C-bandYă8M8A#R0(Main transponders24Y88A#R0,Backup transpondersK M88A#RPowerO8@8A#RBandwidthp/88A#R^CoverageChina and the South China Sea areaN @88A#REIRP maxR8P8A#R"Polarization$8t8" BP881p q888Dong Fang Hong 43Rt888 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 43M*8U8# TAlso called FSW 2-3, Fanhui Shi Weixing1 88'  Generalg U88G#^@") Designation24634 / 96059A\8I8A#R6Launch date20 Oct 1996l88M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinas&I8(8M#jL"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (FSW-2)^88A#R:"Perigee/Apogee172/335 kmV(8܉8A#R*Inclination63.0T808A#R&Period89.5 minq$܉88M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2D&08NJ8# 588'  End of lifeb!NJ8^8A#RBDecay4 Nov 1996 & 3 Dec 1996$88" B^8ċ81%qqċ888Dong Fang Hong 44R888 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 44H%ċ8^8# JAlso called Chinasat 6 and DFH 3-21 88'  Generalg ^88G#^@") Designation24798 / 97021A\8R8A#R6Launch date11 May 1997l88M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"R8-8M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^88A#R:,Geostationary orbit125Eu(-88M#jP" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3A #42T882 4.h3Ή'v&Insured for $100 millionOperated by Chinasat To replace Dong Fang Hong 41888' "(Technical dataL880 08 8 u(Specifications888C-bandB8X81 qoqX888Dong Fang Hong 45R888 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 45lIX88# Also called Feng Yun 2B or Feng Yun 2-1R (some incorrectly name it 2A)1 8G8'  Generalg 88G#^@") Designation24834 / 97029A\G8 8A#R6Launch date10 Jun 1997l8v8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinah 88M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyfv8D8G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit105Ep#88M#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3{TD8/8' First Chinese GEO meteorology satellite. The 1R and B denomination stands for the replacement of the original satellite destroyed before even being installed on the Long March and launched, in 1994.The satellite is equipped with a scanning radiometer, a cloud coverage information system and a data collection and transmission system.58d8'  End of life^/88A#R:"Out of serviceApril 1998r1d848A#RbCausefailure of the S-band antenna mechanism&8Z8# <488' *O External resourcesO(Z88' Phttp://www.cma.gov.cn/fy2/chnsmc.htm888' "(OTechnical data88U8' " SpecificationsE88A#R&Prime contractorShanghai Aerospace Technology Research InstituteN U8)8A#RPlatform[88A#R4"Mass at launch1380 kgS)88A#R$ Mass in orbitf%8=8A#RJDimensioncylinder: 2.1 m x 1.6 mQ88A#R Solar arrayl+=88A#RV Stabilizationspin-stabilized (100 rpm)N 8H8A#RDC power\88A#R6$Design lifetime3 years[1H88* $bTThe satellite is said to be a copy of GMS 5]08\8- *`  VISSR (Visible and IR Spin Scan Radiometer)P88C#V4Wavebands0.55-1.05 m (visible)6.2-7.6 m (water vapour)10.5-12.5 m (IR)n,\8]8B#TX4Resolutionvisible: 1.25 kmIR& WV: 5 kmb!88A#RB42Image repeat frequency1 hourX4]88$ hDownlink: 1687.5 MHz linear (PCM/BPSK, 660 kbps)B8Y81q Y88 9Dong Fang Hong 46R888 @6⥹c%" Dong Fang Hong 46<Y88# 2Also called Chinasat 81 88'  GeneralY8q8G#^$") Designatione$88A#RHLaunch dateplanned in late 1998lq8B8M#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"88M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications`B89A#R>,Geostationary898 orbit115.5Eq$89M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3BX99A#R.Launch siteXichang~T9d9* $.h3ΉContract calls for in-orbit delivery, worth $200 million Operated by Chinasat899' "(OTechnical data8d99' " Specificationsi(9=9A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralU99A#R(PlatformFS-1300[=99A#R4"Mass at launch4657 kgS9@9A#R$ Mass in orbitb!99A#RBDimension2.7 x 2.2 x 2. 45 mQ@99A#R Solar arrayY9L9A#R0 Stabilization3-axisV99A#R*DC power11000 W?]L99A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&9%9# 0 9U9'  C-bandY%99A#R0(Main transponders36YU99A#R0,Backup transpondersO9V9A#RPower37 Wf$99B#THBandwidth34 x 36 MHz2 x 72 MHzN V9 9A#RCoverageT9^9A#R&EIRP max40 dBWT 99A#R&G/T max-1 dB/KX^9 9A#R.PolarizationlinearA99B#TFrequenciesuplink: 5.845-6.650 GHzdownlink: 3.400-4.200 GHzG# 99$ FBeacons: 3.630 V & 4.1985 H GHz1 9 9'  Ku-bandY9^ 9A#R0(Main transponders16Y 9 9A#R0,Backup transpondersP^ 9 9A#RPower125 Wf$ 9m 9B#THBandwidth10 x 36 MHz6 x 72 MHzN  9 9A#RCoverageTm 9 9A#R&EIRP max50 dBWS 9b 9A#R$G/T max6 dB/KX 9 9A#R.Polarizationlinear]b 9Y 9B#TFrequenciesuplink: 13.75-14.00 & 14.00-14.50 GHzdownlink: 11.45-11.70 & 12.25-12.75 GHzD 9 9$ @Beacons: 11.698 & 12.250 GHz1Y 9 91W  9" 9H 9T+ 9" 9) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& 9H 9# 5" 9} 91UiÁr } 9 9D9Dove= H 9 92 4"  Dove\} 9E9/ . 䵟Short for Digital Orbiting Voice Encoder. Also called Microsat 2 or DO-17 or Oscar 171 9v9'  Generalg E99G#^@") Designation20440 / 90005E\v999A#R6Launch date22 Jan 1990m 99M#j@"N ,7Country of originBrazilo"99!@9M#jD"H̀㓉Mission9!@9H 9Telecommunications^9@9A#R:"Perigee/Apogee781/797 kmV!@9@9A#R*Inclination98.6U@9*A9A#R(Period100.6 minn!@9A9M#jB" &6D+Launch vehicleAriane V35X*A9A9A#R."Mass at launch9 kgH$A98B9$ HBased on a Amsat-NA Microsat bus<A9tB9' *O External resources]68B9B9' lhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/nk6k/msatmain.html8tB9 C9' "(Technical dataiB9C9A#RDownlink1200 bps Bell 202 AX.25, same as used in terrestrial Packet Radio, Synthesized Voice Beacon.Z C9 D9A#R2145.825, 145.825 MHz&C93D9# _ D9D9A#R< S-Band beacon2401.221 MHzF"3D9D9$ DPassive magnetic stabilization> D9E91r1w E9`E9L9Program: DSCSJD9`E95 :,G" Program: DSCSE9IF9)  Defense Satellite Communication System, also called USGCSSAmerican geostationary satellite program operated by the US Army Space Command. Designed to provide military telecommunications.1 `E9zF9' O ContactIF9&G9) Operator: US Army Space CommandCommand and control:50th Space Wing300 O'Malley Ave, Suite 24, Falcon AFB, CO 80912-3024, USA<zF9bG9' *O External resources&&G9H9D Vhttp://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/dscs.htmhttp://www.fafb.af.mil/dscs/http://armyspace.com/SATCON.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/dscs_2.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/dscs_3.htm8bG9H9' "(OTechnical data:H9H9' &O First generation7H91I9) "%kSee IDSCP;H9lI9' ( Second generationh=1I9I9+ &zBP}SpecificationsSatellites were launched by pairs to GEO:lI9J9' & Third generationmI9L95 8zcSpecificationsPayloadThose satellites also carry an AFSATCOM package for the dissemination of Emergency Action Message and Single Integrated Operations Plan directives. It's purpose is to send orders to the nuclear capable forces.Fleet composed of 14 satellites. USAF asked LM [in mid-1995] for a cost estimate on upgrades to the remaining ground-spare DSCS-3s to extend their lives somewhat: improved thrusters, better solar cells, more efficient amplifiers in the high-power channels. The DSCS-3 production line shut down several years ago, and the USAF wants to postpone the start of development on DSCS-4.1J9L91U L959Y9;L9M9) "$ąProgram: DSCS(L9M9d#P"y,dMz,dM6{,dMDSCS 2-01DSCS 2-02DSCS 2-03*M99Ή9C#V|0DC powerBOL: 1240 WEOL: 837 Wthree 35 AH NiCd batteries]M9+9A#R80$Design lifetime10 years\Ή99A#R60TelemetryS- and X-band_+99A#R<0Beacon7600.0 & 7604.7 MHzrN9X9$ Features fixed (multiple-beam) antennas and a steerable high power antenna1991996X99# &DSCS 3's payload0 99'  X-bandX9G9A#R.(Main transponders6l+99A#RVBackuptwo 40 W and two 10 W amplifiersBG979B#TPowerchannels 1 & 2: 40 W (TWTA)channels 3 to 6: 10 W (SSPA)\9֍9C#V0Coverage and EIRP max2 Global beams: 29 dBW2 Spot beams: 34 dBWGimballed dish: 44 dBW&799# K$֍9G9' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)+9ӎ9a#V  < ChannelBandwidth (MHz)Frequency] G909R#t150?] ӎ99R#t275?] 09 9R#t385?9 9X9] 9i9R#t485?] 99R#t560?] i9#9R#t650?d@99$ Frequencies are probably in 250 MHz, S-band and X-band range: #991s999DSCS 2-01F995 :$G" DSCS 2-011 989'  Generalg 99G#^@") Designation05587 / 71095A[899A#R4Launch date3 Nov 1971t'9n9M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,99M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsb!n9I9A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"99M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #56&I99# 599'  End of lifeW9j9A#R,"Out of serviceyes899' "(Technical data<j99) "&BP}Specifications: 991asƂs9^9,9DSCS 2-02F9^95 :$G" DSCS 2-021 99'  Generalg ^99G#^@") Designation05588 / 71095B[9Q9A#R4Launch date3 Nov 1971t'99M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,Q9>9M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY99A#R0,Geostationary orbito">99M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #56&9,9# 59a9'  End of lifeW,99A#R,"Out of serviceyes8a99' "(Technical data<9,9) "&BP}Specifications: 9f91ssf99{9DSCS 2-03F,995 :$G" DSCS 2-031 f99'  Generalg 9D9G#^@") Designation06973 / 73100A\99A#R6Launch date13 Dec 1973t'D99M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,99M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY99A#R0,Geostationary orbito"9U9M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #71&9{9# 5U99'  End of lifeW{99A#R,"Out of serviceyes89?9' "(Technical data<9{9) "&BP}Specifications: ?991Ƃst99:DSCS 2-04F{995 :$G" DSCS 2-041 9,9'  Generalg 99G#^@") Designation06974 / 73100B\,9 :A#R6Launch date13 Dec 19739 :{9t'9:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy, ::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY:R:A#R0,Geostationary orbito"::M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #71&R::# 5::'  End of lifeW:s:A#R,"Out of serviceyes8::' "(Technical data<s::) "&BP}Specifications: :!:1s<t!:g::DSCS 2-05F:g:5 :$G" DSCS 2-051 !::'  Generalg g::G#^@") Designation07807 / 75040A\:[:A#R6Launch date20 May 1975t'::M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,[:H:M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY::A#R0,Geostationary orbito"H::M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #85&:6:# 5:k:'  End of life_6::A#R<"Out of service20 May 1975Yk:#:A#R0CauseLaunch failureV:y:A#R*Decay26 May 19758#::' "(Technical data<y::) "&BP}Specifications: :':1tt':m: :DSCS 2-06F:m:5 :$G" DSCS 2-061 '::'  Generalg m: :G#^@") Designation07808 / 75040B\:a :A#R6Launch date20 May 1975t' : :M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,a :N :M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY : :A#R0,Geostationary orbito"N : :M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #85& :< :# 5 :q :'  End of life_< : :A#R<"Out of service20 May 1975Yq :) :A#R0CauseLaunch failureV : :A#R*Decay26 May 19758) : :' "(Technical data< : :) "&BP}Specifications: :- :1<tKt- :s :OA:DSCS 2-07F :s :5 :$G" DSCS 2-071 - : :'  Generalg s : :G#^@") Designation10000 / 77034A\ :g:A#R6Launch date12 May 1977t' ::M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,g:T:M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY::A#R0,Geostationary orbitp#T:)@:M#jF" &^]Laun:)@: :ch vehicleTitan 3 #103&:O@:# 5)@:@:'  End of lifeWO@:@:A#R,"Out of serviceyes8@:A:' "(Technical data<@:OA:) "&BP}Specifications: A:A:1t{tA:A:E:DSCS 2-08FOA:A:5 :$G" DSCS 2-081 A:B:'  Generalg A:gB:G#^@") Designation10001 / 77034B\B:B:A#R6Launch date12 May 1977t'gB:7C:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,B:C:M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY7C: D:A#R0,Geostationary orbitp#C:yD:M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #103& D:D:# 5yD:D:'  End of lifeWD:+E:A#R,"Out of serviceyes8D:cE:' "(Technical data<+E:E:) "&BP}Specifications: cE:E:1KttE:F:I:DSCS 2-11FE:F:5 :$G" DSCS 2-111 E:PF:'  Generalg F:F:G#^@") Designation11144 / 78113A\PF:G:A#R6Launch date14 Dec 1978t'F:G:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,G:H:M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsYG:YH:A#R0,Geostationary orbitp#H:H:M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #114&YH:H:# 5H:$I:'  End of lifeWH:{I:A#R,"Out of serviceyes8$I:I:' "(Technical data<{I:I:) "&BP}Specifications: I:)J:1{tۃt)J:oJ:?N:DSCS 2-12FI:oJ:5 :$G" DSCS 2-121 )J:J:'  Generalg oJ:K:G#^@") Designation11145 / 78113B\J:cK:A#R6Launch date14 Dec 1978t'K:K:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,cK:PL:M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsYK:L:A#R0,Geostationary orbitp#PL:M:M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #114&L:?M:# 5M:tM:'  End of lifeW?M:M:A#R,"Out of serviceyes8tM:N:' "(Technical data<M:?N:) "&BP}Specifications: N:yN:1EtuyN:N::DSCS 2-13F?N:N:5 :$G" DSCS 2-13:yN:N:# .Also called OPS 94431 N:*O:'  Generalg N:O:G#^@") Designation11621 / 79098A\*O: :A#R6Launch date21 Nov 1979O: :?N:t'O::M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy, ::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsY:R:A#R0,Geostationary orbitp#::M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #119&R::# 5::'  End of lifeW:t:A#R,"Out of serviceyes8::' "(Technical data<t::) "&BP}Specifications: :":1[ۃt>u":h::DSCS 2-14F:h:5 :$G" DSCS 2-14:"::# .Also called OPS 94441 h:Ӄ:'  Generalg :::G#^@") Designation11622 / 79098B\Ӄ::A#R6Launch date21 Nov 1979t':: :M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsb! ::A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#:U:M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #119&:{:# 5U::'  End of lifeW{::A#R,"Out of serviceyes8:?:' "(Technical dataS(::+ &PBP}SpecificationsDownlinks in X-band: ?:̇:1uu̇::v:DSCS 2-15F::5 :$G" DSCS 2-151 ̇:C:'  Generalg ::G#^@") Designation13636 / 82106A\C::A#R6Launch date30 Oct 1982t':z:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsb!z:U:A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#:Ŋ:M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #131&U::# 2 Ŋ::'  Location::m#:   " BeginEndPosition:):j#0$(*L: 30 Oct 1982?'::j#N,.Mar 1995Mar 199765E, inclined&)::# 5::'  End of life\:q:A#R6"Out of serviceApr 1997T:ō:A#R&Causedeorbited&q::# 8ō:#:' "(Technical dataS(:v:+ &PBP}SpecificationsDownlinks in X-band: #::1AӃuv:::DSCS 2-16Fv::5 :$G" DSCS 2-169:/:# ,Also called USA 0431 :`:'  Generalg /:Ǐ:G#^@") Designation20202 / 89069A[`:.:A#R4Ǐ:.:v:Launch date4 Sep 1989t'Ǐ::M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,.::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications\:w:A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#::M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #152_w:F:A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&:l:# 8F::' "(Technical dataS(l::+ &PBP}SpecificationsDownlinks in X-band: :1:1>u{u1:w::DSCS 3-01F:w:5 :$G" DSCS 3-01/ 1::# (code A1)1 w::'  Generalg :>:G#^@") Designation13637 / 82106B\::A#R6Launch date30 Oct 1982t'>::M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsb!::A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#:Y:M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #131&::# : Y::- */ۀ Location:C:m#:   " BeginEndPosition::j#0$(*L: 30 Oct 1982? C:O:j#@Mar 1995130W, inclined&:u:# 8O::' "(Technical dataMu::0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: :4:12uӃu 4:z:{:DSCS 3-02F:z:5 :$G" DSCS 3-02C 4::# @Also called USA 011 (code B4)1 z::'  Generalg :U:G#^@") Designation16116 / 85092B[::A#R4Launch date3 Oct 1985t'U:$:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,::M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsd$::G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ap#:q:M#jF" &TLaunch vehicleSTS 28 + IUS_::A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&q::# 8:.:' "(Technical dataM:{:0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: .::1T{uu!::;DSCS 3-03F{::5 :$G" DSCS 3-03C :>:# @Also called USA 012 (code B5)1 :o:'  Generalg >::G#^@") Designation16117 / 85092C[o:1:A#R4Launch date3 Oct 1985t'::M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,1:*;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMi:*;{:litary: Telecommunicationsd:;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ap#*;;M#jF" &TLaunch vehicleSTS 28 + IUS_;];A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&;;# 8];;' "(Technical dataM;;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: ;B;1uv"B;;*;DSCS 3-04F;;5 :$G" DSCS 3-04C B;;# @Also called USA 044 (code A2)1 ;;'  Generalg ;c;G#^@") Designation20203 / 89069B[;;A#R4Launch date4 Sep 1989t'c;2;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,;;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsd2;;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ap#;;M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #152&;;# 8;;' "(Technical dataM;*;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: ;d;1hvv#d;; ;DSCS 3-05F*;;5 :$G" DSCS 3-05D!d;;# BAlso called USA 078 (code B14)1 ;;'  Generalg ;;G#^@") Designation21873 / 92006A\;;A#R6Launch date11 Feb 1992t';V;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,;;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsdV;3 ;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ax+; ;M#jV" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur + IABS3 ;\ ;% First satellite of the 3B generation. This generation is equipped with reinforced plating to resist to the explosion of an atomic bomb. 8 ; ;' "(Technical dataM\ ; ;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: ; ;1vv$ ;a ; ;DSCS 3-06F ;a ;5 :$G" DSCS 3-06D! ; ;# BAlso called USA 082 (code B12)1 a ; ;'  Generalg ;= ;G#^@") Designation22009 / 92037A[ ; ;A#R4Launch date2 Jul 1992t'= ; ;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy, ; ;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsd ; ;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ax+ ;a;M#jV" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur + IABS& ;;# 8a;;' "(Technical dataM; ;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: ;F;1vv%F;;CC;DSCS 3-07F ;;5 :$G" DSCS 3-07C F;;# @Also called USA 093 (code B9)1 ; @;'  General; @; ;g ;s@;G#^@") Designation22719 / 93046A\ @;@;A#R6Launch date19 Jul 1993t's@;CA;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,@;A;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsdCA; B;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ax+A;B;M#jV" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur + IABS& B;B;# 8B;B;' "(Technical dataMB;CC;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: B;}C;1vv&}C;C;H;DSCS 3-08FCC;C;5 :$G" DSCS 3-08D!}C;D;# BAlso called USA 097 (code B10)1 C;8D;'  Generalg D;D;G#^@") Designation22916 / 93074A\8D;D;A#R6Launch date28 Nov 1993t'D;oE;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,D;E;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications\oE;DF;A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ax+E;F;M#jV" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur + IABS&DF;F;# 5F;G;'  End of life_F;vG;A#R<"Out of service28 Nov 1993q0G;G;A#R`Causedidn't reach GEO, failure of the IABS?&vG; H;# 8G;EH;' "(Technical dataM H;H;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: EH;H;1vv'H;I;L;DSCS 3-09FH;I;5 :$G" DSCS 3-09C H;UI;# @Also called USA 113 (code B7)1 I;I;'  Generalg UI;I;G#^@") Designation23628 / 95038A\I;IJ;A#R6Launch date31 Jul 1995t'I;J;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,IJ;6K;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsdJ;K;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/ax+6K;L;M#jV" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur + IABS&K;8L;# 8L;pL;' "(Technical dataM8L;L;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload: pL;L;1v(L;=M;;DSCS 3-10FL;=M;5 :$G" DSCS 3-10D!L;M;# BAlso called USA 134 (code B13)1 =M;M;'  Generalg M;N;G#^@") Designation25019 / 97065A\M;uN;A#R6Launch date25 Oct 1997t'N;N;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,uN;bO;M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsdN;O;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/a}0bO;O;M#j`" O;O;L;&yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #111 + IABS&O;u;# 8O;;' "(Technical dataMu;;0 0:zcSpecificationsPayload= ;7;1Árx)7;;H;Program: DSPM;;8 @,ܻc%" Program: DSP7;h;1 0g :uDefense Support ProgramMilitary geostationary satellite program for early warning and detection of nuclear explosions.The first generation of those satellites was IMEWS.1 ;;' O Contacth;P;) Operator: 21St Space WingPeterson AFB, COCommand and Control: 50th Space Wing300 O'Malley Ave, Suite 24, Falcon AFB, CO 80912-3024, USA<;;' *O External resourcesP;H;6 : http://www.fafb.af.mil/dsp/http://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/dsp.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/warning/dsp.htm1;y;1*y;.;XH;.;] oS@cc鉂 c鉂 c鉂 c鉂 c鉂 c鉂Program: DSPDSP F12DSP 3-1DSP 3-2DSP 3-3DSP 3-4DSP 3-5DSP 3-61y;_;1K+_;y;2.;;# DSP 3 seriesY_;;A#R0&Prime contractorTRWN ;8;A#RPlatformb!;;A#RB"Mass at launcharound 2200 kgS8;;A#R$ Mass in orbitt3;a;A#RfDimension6.7 m diameter x 10 m long (deployed)Q;;A#R Solar arrayb!a;;A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedT;h;A#R&DC power1485 WU;;A#R($Design lifetimeh;y;% /Probably downlinks in S- and X-band. Has a wide field infrared telescope to provide real-time warning of missile launches (6000 infrared detectors)8;;1.w,;;;DSP F12Hy;;8 @"ܻc%" DSP F129;2;# ,Also called USA 0071 ;c;'  Generalg 2;ʊ;G#^@") Designation15453 / 84129A\c;&;A#R6Launch date22 Dec 1984t'ʊ;;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%&;;G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning\;b;A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#;Ҍ;M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #142$b;;" 8Ҍ;.;1wJw-.;v;;DSP 3-1H;v;8 @"ܻc%" DSP 3-1D!.;;# BAlso called USA 028 or DSP F131 v;;'  Generalg ;R;G#^@") Designation18583 / 87097A\;;A#R6Launch date29 Nov 1987t'R;";M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%;;G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning\"; ;A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/a; ;;p#;|;M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #148& ;;# 8|;;' "(Technical data<;;) "&TSpecifications8;N;1ww.N;;x;DSP 3-2H;;8 @"ܻc%" DSP 3-2D!N;;# BAlso called USA 039 or DSP F141 ; ;'  Generalg ;r;G#^@") Designation20066 / 89046A\ ;;A#R6Launch date14 Jun 1989t'r;B;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%;;G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warningfB;;G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit145Ek;;M#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4_;;A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&;;# 8;<;' "(Technical data<;x;) "&TSpecifications8<;;1Jww/;;y;DSP 3-3Hx;;8 @"ܻc%" DSP 3-3D!;<;# BAlso called USA 065 or DSP F151 ;m;'  Generalg <;;G#^@") Designation20929 / 90095A\m;0;A#R6Launch date13 Nov 1990t';;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%0;;G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warningd;t;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit4Ek;;M#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4&t;;# 8;=;' "(Technical data<;y;) "&TSpecifications8=;;1 ww0;;;DSP 3-4Hy;;8 @"ܻc%" DSP 3-4D!;=;# BAlso called USA 075 or DSP F161 ;n;'  Generalg =;;G#^@") Designation21805 / 91080B\n;1;A#R6Launch date24 Nov 1991t';;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%1;;G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warningd;u;G#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit7Wj;;M#j:" &㦛Launch vehicleSTS 44[u;:;A#R4"Mass at launch2350 kg:;t;$ ,Cost: $275 million8:;;' "(Technical data<t;;) "&TSpecifications8; ;1wx1 ;h;<DSP 3-5H;h;8 @"ܻc%" DSP 3-5D! ;;# BAlso called USA 107 or DSP F171 h;;'  Generalg ;D;G#^@") Designation23435 / 94084Ah';;A#RNLaunch date22 Dec 1994 at 22:19 UTt'D;,<M#jN"N ,㹌לCount;,<;ry of originUnited Statesl%;<G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warningf,<<G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit103Wk<i<M#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4&<<# 8i<<' "(Technical data<<<) "&TSpecifications8<;<1w2;<<<DSP 3-6H<<8 @"ܻc%" DSP 3-6D!;<<# BAlso called USA 130 or DSP F181 <<'  Generalg <_<G#^@") Designation24737 / 97008A\<<A#R6Launch date24 Feb 1997t'_</<M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%<<G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warninga/<<G#^4"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitl<h<M#j>" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4B:<<$ ,worth $200 million8h<<' "(Technical data<<<) "&TSpecifications; <Q<1 1wx3Q<<nC<Early Bird;<<, ( " Early Bird1 Q<<'  Generalg <$<G#^@") Designation25121 / 97085A\<<A#R6Launch date24 Dec 1997t'$<<M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesk<_<M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote Sensingk*<<A#RT"Perigee/Apogee470 km, sun-synchronousV_< <A#R*Inclination97.3e$< <A#RHPeriodrevisit time: 2 to 5 daysk < <M#j<" &aKLaunch vehicleStart 1Y <I <A#R0Launch siteSvobodnyW* < <- (UIUS satellite operated by Earth Watch Inc. The cost of the system is approx. $200 million. Launch cost is said to be $7 millionFive days after launch the satellite went silent, with no communications. This was the consequence of an electrical problem. Insurers paid $29 million for the loss.<I < <' *O External resourcesE <! <' <http://www.terraserver.com8 <Y <' "(OTechnical data8! < <' " Specificationsg&Y < <A#RL0&Prime contractorCTA Space SystemsN <F <A#R0PlatformZ < <A#R20"Mass at launch317 kgRF < <A#R"0Payload massO <A<A#R0DimensionQ <<A#R 0Solar arraySA<<A#R$0 StabilizationN <3<A#R0DC power\<<A#R60$Design lifetime5 years3<A@<& On-board data storage: 2 GByteGimbaled-mirror pointing system for 30 <A@<<in-track and 28 side-to-side pointing capability=<~@<' , Panchromatic SensorYA@<@<A#R00Wavebands445-650 nmW~@<.A<A#R,0Swath width280 kml+@<A<A#RV0Resolution3 m, image size: 3 km x 3 km&.A<A<# >A<A<' . Multispectral SensorCA<B<C#V0WavebandsGreen: 490-600 nmRed: 615-670 nmNear IR: 790-875 nmWA<B<A#R,0Swath width280 kmo.B<JC<A#R\0Resolution15 m, image size: 15 km x 15 km$B<nC<" > JC<C<1! x.y4C<C< <Program: ECCO>nC<C<, (&" Program: ECCOFC<0F<( =Equatorial Constellation COmmunicationsLEO telecommunication system to be operated by Constellation Communications, Inc. ECCO is a joint project of CCI (backed by Bell Atlantic, SpaceVest and Raytheon E-Systems) and Brazil's Telebras. The system was merged with the Brazilian ECO-8 project.The system will have 12 satellites in equatorial orbit to provide telephony services to the 100 countries located in the tropical area. Further sets are satellites are planned. OSC should manufacture and launch the first 12 satellites (in 2001).C<H<' Orbital will receive a contract, valued at approximately US$450 million, to serve as the space segment prime contractor for ECCO's initial equatorial satellite network, including both the construction and launch services for 12 low-orbit communications satellites. At the same time, Orbital will also become a major investor in the ECCO project, with the company providing up to US$150 million in equity capital and vendor financing.Matra Marconi Space is the prime contractor for the space segment of its Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite system. Contract at least worth $600 million. Ground-segment provider: Raytheon E-Systems, DallasP)0F<)J<' SA future set of 35 satellites is plannedConstellation Communications Inc. (CCI) is a Delaware company formed in 1991 with headquarters in Fairfax, Virginia/USA. In 1997, CCI established CCI International N.V. in the Netherlands Antilles to design, build and launch the ECCO satellite system.1 H<ZJ<' O Contact[6)J<J<% lConstellation Communications, Inc.Reston, Virginia8ZJ<J<' "(OTechnical data@J<-K<' 2 Constellation overviewSJ<K<A#R$ Orbit typeMEOb!-K<K<A#RB Orbit range2000 km, circularXK<:L<A#R. &Nb of satellites12`K<L<A#R> Nb of planes1 (equatorial)S:L<L<A#R$ Inclination0\L<IM<A#R6 2Nb beams per satelliteN L<M<A#R CoverageTIM<M<A#R& ModulationCDMAx6M<cN<B#Tl *Mobile frequenciesUplink: L-bandDownlink: S-bandZM<N<A#R2 "Satellite mass280 kgN cN< O<A#R Coveraged#N<oO<A#RF &Operational date1998 (planned)kE O< <& lifetime: 5 yearssatellite-gateway: C-bandinter-satellite linksoO< <nC<1oO<=<1W5=<<<T+ <<) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=<<# D<<1xy6<G<ƅ<Dynamics Explorer 1L<G<2 46"  Dynamics Explorer 16<}<# &Also called DE A1 G<<'  Generalg }<<G#^@") Designation12624 / 81070A[<p<A#R4Launch date3 Aug 1981t'<<M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/p<`<M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study`<<A#R>"Perigee/Apogee468/23322 kmV`<<A#R*Inclination88.8U<k<A#R(Period409.7 mins&<ބ<M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #155&k<<# <ބ<@<' *O External resourcesX<ƅ<. ,http://leadbelly.lanl.gov/de/DE_home.htmlhttp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/de.htmlD@< <1.yy7 <V<<Dynamics Explorer 2Lƅ<V<2 46"  Dynamics Explorer 26 <<# &Also called DE B1 V<<'  Generalg <$<G#^@") Designation12625 / 81070B[<<A#R4Launch date3 Aug 1981t'$<<M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States@<<S#v"H̀(d;pl?vMissionScientific: magnetosphere and ionosphere study_<<A#R<"Perigee/Apogee304/1002 kmT<9<A#R&Inclination90T<<A#R&Period97.8 mins&9<<M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #155&<&<# <<b<' *O External resourcesX&<<. ,http://leadbelly.lanl.gov/de/DE_home.htmlhttp://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/de.html&b<<# 5<C<'  End of lifeV<<A#R*Decay19 Feb 1983$C<<" ?<<1 yy8<;<<Program: E-sat?<;<, ((" Program: E-sat<<( iLEO system program lead by Echostar and DBS industries; aimed at collection of remote data. Worth $50 million Authorized by FCC on 1st Apr 1998.6 satellites orbiting at 1260 km (2 planes of 3 satellites) planned for 2001. Should use CDMA. Terminals would transmit only twice a day during 400 ms. Uplink: 148-148.905 MHz, Downlink: 137.0725-137.9725 MHzE-SAT's system will offer data communications services including data messaging services for the gas and electric utility industry, data messaging and retrieval in support of the direct-to-home broadcast-satellite service, messaging for environmental monitoring, and other services to users in the United States and around the world.1;<H<1W9H<<<T+<<) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&H<<# 5< <1. yy: <A<<EAST< <<5 <A<, (" EASTO, <<# XEuro-African Satellite Telecommunications1 A<<'  GeneralY<<G#^$") DesignationU<o<A#R(Launch date2001_<<G#^0"N ,Country of origino"o<=<M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]<<A#R8,Geostationary orbit32E\=<<G#^*" &Launch vehicleY<O<G#^$Launch site<3<' {$750 million project to provide mobile phone (with 1 in-orbit satellite, 1 in reserve, 1 control center). It will be compatible with GSM and DCS. The EAST company was formed by MMS and Digimed (a 100% subsidiary of Cyprus Telecommunications Authority).It will provide mobile telephony services to all of Europe, the Mideast and parts of Africa. Fixed telephony should cost $0.3 per minute while mobile telephony would cost $0.6 per minute.8O<k<' "(OTechnical data83<<' " Specificationsi(k< <A#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[<g<A#R4PlatformEurostar 3000[ <<A#R4"Mass at launch4500 kgSg<<A#R$ Mass in orbitO<d<A#RDimensionQ<<A#R Solar arraySd<<A#R$ StabilizationU<]<A#R(DC power11000 WU<<A#R($Design lifetimegA]<<& 15 m diameter antenna onboardWill operate in L- and Ku-band1<J<1W;J<<<T+<<) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&J<<# > <<1yz<<L<3<Program: EchoJ<L<5 :,OG" Program: EchoU2<<# dAmerican experimental telecommunication program<L<<' *O External resourcesV/<3<' ^http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/echo.html1<d<1=d<<_%3<<: DJ㸈LV.MV.Program: EchoEcho 1Echo 27d<<1z><=<=Echo 1C<=<5 :OG" Echo 1eB<<# Also called Echo 1A because the first Echo had a launch failure1 =<<'  Generalg <:<G#^@") Designation00049 / 60009A\<<A#R6Launch date12 Aug 1960t':< <M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States0<<S#v`"H̀(‰CV$MissionTelecommunications and geodesy_ <<A#R<"Perigee/Apogee966/2157 kmV<B<A#R*Inclination47.3U<<A#R(Period117.3 minq$B<=M#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Del<=<ta #2Y<m=A#R0"Mass at launch61 kg=o=' Plastic 30.5 m ball covered of mylar aluminumed that reflected radioelectric signals.It enabled the first satellite telephone link and the broadcast of a TV program from California to Massachussets on 24 Feb 1962.5m=='  End of lifeVo==A#R*Decay24 May 1968$==" 7=U=1jy?U===Echo 2C==5 :OG" Echo 21 U=='  Generalg =0=G#^@") Designation00740 / 64004A\==A#R6Launch date25 Jan 1964t'0==M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States0==S#v`"H̀(‰CV$MissionTelecommunications and geodesy`==A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1030/1315 kmV=9=A#R*Inclination81.5U==A#R(Period108.8 minn!9==M#jB" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena[=W=A#R4Launch siteVandenbergZ==A#R2"Mass at launch256 kgrNW=#=$ Plastic 41 m ball covered 2 aluminum sheets with a mylar sheet in between.5=X='  End of lifeU#==A#R(Decay7 Sep 1969$X==" B==1zy#@=a= =Program: EchostarN=a=5 :4xˀ" Program: Echostark7= =4 6o==American DBS program operated by EchoStar. The system broadcasts the DISH (Digital Sky Highway).The FCC granted EchoStar an extension of its satellite construction permit, and granted EchoStar subsidiary DirectSat an extension until Aug. 15, 1999, for construction and launch of its satellites to be located at 119 degrees and 175 degrees west longitude. Echostar controls frequency allocations at 61.5, 119, 148 and 175 degrees west longitude (90 transponders of DBS spectrum). Echostar has the 121W & 83W slots reserved for non-DBS Ku-band and Ka-band<a= =' *O External resourcesE =M =' <http://www.dishnetwork.com]5 = =( kEchostar should launch 2 Ka-band satellites after the May 1997 FCC approval (83 & 121W). Each satellite would have 48 transponders, with narrow and wide spot beams. It would have on-board signal processing and on-board switching. Maximum EIRP: 63 dBWDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHz; Uplink: 29.5-30.0 GHz band1M = =1A =n =K =n =H `R4VR^ZWR^ZXR^ZYR^ZProgram: EchostarEchostar 1Echostar 2Echostar 3Echostar 4; = =1X hzB = =G=Echostar 1Gn = =5 :&xˀ" Echostar 11 =!='  Generalg ==G#^@") Designation23754 / 95073Ah'!==A#RNLaunch date28 Dec 1995 at 11:50 UTt'=d=M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"==M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!d=G@=G#^B"=G@=n =/ۀ0Geostationary orbit119.2Wq$=@=M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2E&G@=@=# 8@=A=' "(OTechnical data8@=NA=' " Specificationsq0A=A=A#R`&Prime contractorLockheed Martin Astro SpaceUNA=B=A#R(PlatformGE 7000TA=hB=A#R&"Mass at launchSB=B=A#R$ Mass in orbitq$hB=,C=M#jHDimension4.08 x 2.22 x 2.54 m?]B=C=A#R8Solar array24.5 m span?Y,C=C=A#R0 Stabilization3 axish&C=JD=B#TLDC powerBOL: 6400 W?EOL: 5000 W?c"C=D=A#RD$Design lifetime12 or 15 years?JD=D=$ 6Telemetry in the C-band1 D=E='  Ku-bandYD=vE=A#R0(Main transponders16YE=E=A#R0,Backup transpondersPvE=F=A#RPower130 WUE=tF=A#R(Bandwidth24 MHzIF=F=B#T,Coverage & EIRP maxCONUS only: 53 dBW(US Virgin Island: 1.8 m dish)VtF=UG=A#R*PolarizationRHCP=F=G=B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 17.3-17.8 GHzdownlink: 12.2-12.7 GHz&UG=G=# ; G=5H=1 z]{C5H=|H==Echostar 2GG=|H=5 :&xˀ" Echostar 21 5H=H='  Generalg |H=I=G#^@") Designation24313 / 96055A\H=pI=A#R6Launch date11 Sep 1996t'I=I=M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"pI=SJ=M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!I=J=G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit118.8Wn!SJ=)K=M#jB" &4E+Launch vehicleAriane V91J=>N=5 8㉓g2!Launch opportunities had been reserved with Long March and Proton but finally after the numerous launch problems, Echostar choose Ariane for launch.The total satellite, launch and insurance are estimated at $225 million The satellite entered service on 1st Nov 1996.The channels used by this satellite were originally licensed to Directsat Corp. This entity was transfered from SSE Telecom to Echostar in Nov 1994. Directsat was licensed to provide 11 channels of eastern half-CONUS or full-CONUS DBS service on even-numbered channels 2-20, at orbital position 119 West and on channel 24 at orbital position 110West, and 11 channels of western half-CONUS service on odd-numbered channels 1-21 at orbital position 175West.8)K=vN=' "(OTechnical data8>N=N=' " Specificationsd#vN=O=A#RF&Prime contractorLM Astro SpaceUN=gO=A#R(PlatformGE 7000[O=O=A#R4"Mass at launch2800 kgSgO=!=A#R$ O=!=G=Mass in orbitOO=p=A#RDimensionQ!==A#R Solar arrayYp==A#R0 Stabilization3-axisN =h=A#RDC power]=Ł=A#R8$Design lifetime10 years&h==# 1 Ł=='  Ku-bandY=u=A#R0(Main transponders16Y=΂=A#R0,Backup transpondersPu==A#RPower130 WU΂=s=A#R(Bandwidth24 MHzI==B#T,Coverage & EIRP maxCONUS only: 53 dBW(US Virgin Island: 1.8 m dish)Vs=T=A#R*PolarizationLHCP==ӄ=B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 17.3-17.8 GHzdownlink: 12.2-12.7 GHz&T==# ; ӄ=4=1P hz{D4={==Echostar 3G={=5 :&xˀ" Echostar 384==# *Also called DBSC 11 {=='  Generalg =K=G#^@") Designation25004 / 97059A[==A#R4Launch date4 Oct 1997t'K==M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"==M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg ==G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit61.5Wr%=b=M#jJ" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2AS #110=I=) }This satellite was originaly ordered by DBSC (Direct Broadcast Satellite Corporation) which merged with a subsidiary of Echostar in late 1995. The merger was approved by the FCC in August 1996.Echostar is only authorized to operate 11 transponders from 61.5W but was granted in Mar 1998 a special authorization to use the full frequency space at that location.Dominion Video Satellite, Inc. will operate 8 frequencies from this satellite8b==' "(OTechnical data8I==' " Specificationsd#==A#RF&Prime contractorLM Astro Spacea =~=A#R@PlatformAstro Space A2100AX[=ً=A#R4"Mass at launch3675 kgZ~=3=A#R2 Mass in orbit1700 kgUً==A#R(Dry mass1325 kgO3=׌=A#RDimensionQ=(=A#R Solar arrayY׌==A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN (=ύ=A#RDC power_=.=A#R<$Design lifetime13.5 years&ύ=T=# 1 .=='  Ku-bandYT=ގ=A#R0(Main transponders32Y=7=A#R0,Backup transpondersPގ==A#RPower120 WU7=܏=A#R(Bandwidth24 MHzk*=S=A#RT܏=S==,Coverage & EIRP maxCONUS only: 53 dBWZ܏==A#R2Polarizationcircular=S=,=B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 17.3-17.8 GHzdownlink: 12.2-12.7 GHzc?==$ ~Can operate in double power mode (16 transponders at 240 W); ,==1 ]{E===Echostar 4G==5 :&xˀ" Echostar 41 =B='  Generalg ==G#^@") Designation25331 / 98028A[B==A#R4Launch date7 May 1998t'=x=M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"==M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^x=E=A#R:,Geostationary orbit148Wo"==M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #2584E==? LVR^Z  VR^ZThe satellite should have replaced Echostar 1 at 119W which would then have moved to 148W (where only 24 transponders have been granted to Echostar) After launch, the satellite has experienced anomalies in connection with solar panel deployment (two of five panels on one solar array have not unfolded). Several transponders are not operational. As a result, Echostar 4 did not replace Echostar 1The satellite was insured for $220 million. The FCC licence for 148W costed $52 millionN*=6=$ TTested from 127W (a Mexican DBS slot)8=n=' "(OTechnical data86==' " SpecificationsXn==A#R.&Prime contractorLMU=S=A#R(PlatformA2100AX[==A#R4"Mass at launch1700 kgSS==A#R$ Mass in orbitU=V=A#R(Dry mass1325 kgO==A#RDimensionQV==A#R Solar arrayY=O=A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN ==A#RDC power]O==A#R8$Design lifetime15 years==& Has a Leros liquid apogee engineTelemetry and command: 12.2005 GHz, 12.2025 GHz, 12.6985 GHz and 17.308 GHz, with a 300 kHz bandwidth1 =='  Ku-bandY=4=A#R0(Main transponders32Y==A#R0,Backup transpondersP4==A#RPower120 WU=2=A#R(Bandwidth24 MHzy6==C#Vl,Coverage & EIRP maxCONUS: 53 dBWAlaska:Hawaii: Z2==A#R2Polarizationcircular===B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 17.3-17.8 GHzdownlink: 12.2-12.7 GHzV2==$ dTransponders can be dual-combined (16 x 240 W)B==1 'H|F=^= >Program: EllipsatB=^=, (." Program: Ellipsat}Z==# Mobile satellite phone project with 2 types of satellites. Has been licensed by the FCC2 ^=>'  =>=Overviewn=>R#t8QQ "NameBorealisConcordiai>>R#t.QQ $Orbit typeHEOMEO8>z>R#tpQQ JOrbit range520/7846 km, elliptic8040 km, circularl>>R#t4QQ &.Nb of satellites106gz>M>R#t*QQ $Nb of planes21l>>R#t4QQ ,Inclination116.50s!M>,>R#tBQQ 2:Nb beams per satellite6161s!>>R#tBQQ ,Coverage11980 km11980 kml,> >R#t4QQ &ModulationCDMACDMA >>U#xQQ *Mobile frequenciesUplink: 1610 - 1626.5 MHzDownlink: 2483.5 - 2500 MHzUplink: 1610 - 1626.5 MHzDownlink: 2483.5 - 2500 MHzt" >W>R#tDQQ "4Satellite mass690 kg 880 kgU>>R#tQQ `Coverageall longitudes, 70N - 20S latitudesall longitudes, 70N - 20S latitudes3W>>R#tfQQ &FOperational date1999 (planned)1999 (planned)\*>>2 2UR@satellites to gateways: 6875 - 7075 MHzgateways to satellites: 15.45 - 15.65 GHzTo be operataed by Mobile Communications Holdings Inc. Boeing invested $200 million in the project.Boeing is the system integrator for design, development, construction and deployment of Ellipso. The estimated contract value is over $1.4 billion. First satellite launch expected in 2001. A second network named Ellipso 2G is planned. It will have 26 non-geostationary satellites to operate in 2 GHz band. The project is subject to FCC approval. Planned for 2003|W>[ >% The satellites would be arrayed in five orbital planes in two sub-constellations. Three planes of five satellites each will be placed in inclined elliptical orbits for Northern Hemisphere coverage. A fourth plane of six satellites will be launched into circular equatorial orbits and another five satellites in elliptical equatorial orbit.<> >' *O External resourcesuG[ > >. ,http://www.ellipso.comhttp://www.jaguNET.com/prism/ellipsat.html1 >= >1WG= > > >T+ > >) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&= > ># 8 > >1Q ${ƃ|H >' >G>Envisat8 >' >, (" Envisat1 >X >'  GeneralY' > >G#^$") Designation`X > >A#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999m >~ >M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope1 >>S#vb"H̀(郉vSMissionRemote sensing (to replace ERS)[~ >]>A#R4"Perigee/Apogee~800 kmQ>>A#R InclinationL ]>>A#RPeriodl>f>M#j>" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 5Q>>A#R Launch sitef>@>7 @> >red at 24.5% by France, 18.5% by the UK and 17.5 % by Germany. The total program (satellite, launch and exploitation) is over 11.8 billion francs<>@>' *O External resourcesj@>yA>. ,http://www-projet.cst.cnes.fr:8060/envisat/Mission.htmlhttp://www.dfd.dlr.de/PROJECT/ENVISAT/Index/8@>A>' "(OTechnical data8yA>A>' " Specifications]A>FB>A#R8&Prime contractorDornierN A>B>A#RPlatform[FB>B>A#R4"Mass at launch8093 kgSB>BC>A#R$ Mass in orbitYB>C>A#R0Payload mass2200 kg`BC>C>A#R>Dimension26 m x 10 m x 5 m`C>[D>A#R>Solar array(weighs 400 kg)SC>D>A#R$ StabilizationT[D>E>A#R&DC power6500 WUD>WE>A#R($Design lifetimeE>/F>+ $[J4 on-board recorders provide 30 Gbits storage. Inter orbit link in Ka-band will be possible with Artemis (another ESA satellite which could be launched in 1999 via H2)@WE>oF>' 2O 10 scientific payloads{M/F>G>. *ASAR (radar imaging, 27 m resolution)GOMOS (ozone layer study)AATSR (radiometer)MWR (microwave radiometer)MERIS (visible and near IR imaging)MIPAS (atmospheric probe)SCIAMACHY (atmospheric cartography spectrometer)RA-2 (radar altimeter)DORIS (orbitography)LRR (laser reflectors)The French Scarab experiment was withdrawn1oF>H>1WIH>oH>H>T+G>oH>) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&H>H># 5oH>H>1JH|R|JH>H>O>Eole5 H>H>, (" Eole1 H>0I>'  Generalg H>I>G#^@") Designation05435 / 71071A\0I>I>A#R6Launch date16 Aug 1971m I>`J>M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrance~1I>J>M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^`J>A#R:"Perigee/Apogee651/835 kmVJ>K>A#R*Inclination50.2TK>A#R&Period99.7 minm K>SL>M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #75YK>L>A#R0"Mass at launch80 kg,SL>M>% Meteorological experimental satellite aimed to study wind in the southern hemisphere. Eole destroyed 89 out of 479 balloons it interrogated cause of a human error. When all balloons had disappeared it was used to study oceans currents, iceberg movements, etc.<L>N>' *O External resourcesN'M>bN>' Nhttp://neonet.nlr.nl/ceos/EOLE.html5N>N>'  End of life]bN>N>A#R8"Out of serviceJuly 1974$N>O>" 7N>OO>1ƃ|}}KOO>O>>Eorsat@O>O>, (*" Program: Eorsatd6OO>>. *mqiElectronic Ocean Reconnaissance SatelliteRussian program part ofO>>O> the Cosmos constellation. Those satellites are observation satellites designed to monitor activity of foreign navies.The series started in 1974 and around 40 satellites had been launched in mid-1995. The system went operational in 1978.:O>9>' & First generationZ>9>#<ZxCosmos 0699Cosmos 0777Cosmos 0838Cosmos 0868Cosmos 0937Cosmos 1094O9> >#ڀ6PjCosmos 1096Cosmos 1167Cosmos 1220Cosmos 1260Cosmos 1286Cosmos 1306O9>>#ڀ6PjCosmos 1337Cosmos 1355Cosmos 1405Cosmos 1461Cosmos 1507Cosmos 1567O >>#ڀ6PjCosmos 1588Cosmos 1625Cosmos 1646Cosmos 1682Cosmos 1735Cosmos 1737O>>#ڀ6PjCosmos 1769Cosmos 1890Cosmos 1949Cosmos 1979Cosmos 2033Cosmos 2046]>w>#6Rn&xCosmos 2051Cosmos 2060Cosmos 2096Cosmos 2103Cosmos 2107Cosmos 2122 (decayed)c>}>#8,x:g,xl,x-x2xCosmos 2238Cosmos 2244Cosmos 2258 (decayed)Cosmos 2264Cosmos 2293Cosmos 23134w>H>#h"3x G3x>t3x\`dCosmos 2326Cosmos 2335Cosmos 2347&}>n># ;H>>' ( Second generationMn>{>#ڀFCosmos 1867 (800 km, 65, Topaz)Cosmos 1818 (800 km, 65, Topaz)&>># 8{>ى>' "(OTechnical data8>>' " Specificationsi(ى>z>A#RP&Prime contractorNPO MachinostroenieN >Ȋ>A#RPlatformTz>>A#R&"Mass at launchSȊ>o>A#R$ Mass in orbitL >>A#RLengthK o>>A#RWidthL >R>A#RHeightZ>>A#R2"Perigee/Apogee400 kmTR>>A#R&Inclination65R>R>A#R"Period92 minS>>A#R$ StabilizationN R>>A#RDC power^>Q>A#R:$Design lifetime1.5 yearsZ6>>$ lIt uses a low thrust engine to maintain its orbit.1Q>܎>1WL܎>0>V>T+>0>) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&܎>V># = 0>>1LR|~M>܏>+>Program: EOSIV>܏>5 :*lc%" Program: EOS,>>&  ܏>>V>Earth Observing SystemThe Earth Observing System is a multi-mission program with the objective of acquiring the geophysical, chemical, and biological information necessary for intense study of planet Earth. A scientific research effort is underway to ensure that the planning and execution of the mission fulfills its intended purpose. An EOS data and information system will build up over 10 years and then function for at least 20 years to allow accurate modeling of the processes that control the environment.o܏>>% The Earth Observing System (EOS) program involves the operation of numerous instruments on multiple spacecraft placed in polar and mid-inclination orbits in support of multiple disciplines within the Earth science user community. The EOS mission is composed of several series of flights beginning with the EOS AM-1 flight from the AM series in 1998. The other EOS series include PM, LALT (Laser Altimetry), and CHEM (Chemistry) flights. Each spacecraft with exception of LALT has a projected lifetime of 5 years with operational goal of 6 years. The Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Ministry of International Trade Industry (MITI) of Japan are planning Earth observing missions that complement the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program. In addition, they are also supplying instruments on selected EOS flights.<>>' *O External resourcesG >+>' @http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/1>\>1WN\>>>T++>>) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&\>># 1>>1O>>y8>>A RpZvS-1)}̉Program: EOSEOS AMEOS PM-1EOS Chemistry 11>>1WP>>+>T+>>) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&>+># 7>b>1v ?~Qb>>?EOS AMC+>>5 :lc%" EOS AM1 b>>'  GeneralY>/>G#^$") Designation`>>A#R>Launch dateplanned in 1998t'/>>M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_>b>G#^0"H̀MissionScientifick*>>A#RT"Perigee/Apogee705 km, sun-synchronousVb>#>A#R*Inclination98.2S>v>A#R$Period100 minm #>>M#j@" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2ASQv>4>A#R Launch site&>Z># <4>>' *O External resourcesQ*Z>>' Thttp://eos-am.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html8>>' "(OTechnical data8>W>' " Specificationse$>>A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinN W> >A#RPlatform[>e>A#R4"Mass at launch5200 kgS >>A#R$ Mass in orbitYe>>A#R0Paylaod mass1100 kgO>`>A#RDimensionQ>>A#R Solar arrayY`>?A#R0 Stabilization>?+>3-axisT>j?A#R&DC power7500 WU??A#R($Design lifetimej??2 2@ĘThe 45 m solar array will use 36,480 advanced gallium arsenide germanium (GaAs/Ge) and weigh 73 kgOperates at 2, 13 and 15 GHzAcquisition via TDRSTelemetry: 2287.5 MHzCommand: 2106.4 MHz Data: 15003.4 MHz (upto 150 Mbps)1? ?1WR ?`??T+?`?) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& ??# 9`??1 8}~S?? ?EOS PM-1E??5 :"lc%" EOS PM-11 ?5?'  GeneralY??G#^$") Designation`5??A#R>Launch dateplanned in 2000t'?b?M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_??G#^0"H̀MissionScientifick*b?,?A#RT"Perigee/Apogee705 km (sunsynchronous)V??A#R*Inclination98.2S,??A#R$Period100 min\?1?G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ??A#R Launch site1?)?% Contracted together with EOS Chemistry 1 for $398 million; an option on two more crafts could amount the total to $668 million<?e?' * External resourcesY2)??' dhttp://mtpe.gsfc.nasa.gov/eos-pm1/PM1PROJ1.htm8e??' "(OTechnical data8?.?' " SpecificationsY??A#R0&Prime contractorTRWn-.??A#RZPlatformAM1200 EOS commun spacecraft busT?I ?A#R&"Mass at launchS? ?A#R$ Mass in orbitOI ? ?A#RDimensionQ ?< ?A#R Solar arrayY ? ?A#R0 Stabilization3-axisN < ? ?A#RDC power\ ?? ?A#R6$Design lifetime6 yearsg ? ?- *@ĘAcquisition via TDRSTelemetry: 2287.5 MHzCommand: 2106.4 MHz Data: 15003.4 MHz (upto 150 Mbps)1? ? ?1WT ?X ?~ ?T+ ?X ?) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& ?~ ?# @X ? ?1?~U ? ?D?EOS Chemistry 1L~ ? ?5 :0lc%" EOS Chemistry 11 ?; ?'  GeneralY ? ?G#^$") Designation`; ? ?A#R>Launch dateplanned in 2002t' ?h?M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_ ??G#^0"H̀MissionScientificTh??A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ?l?A#R InclinationL ??A#RPeriod\l? @?G#^*" &? @?~ ?Launch vehicleQ?q@?A#R Launch site{ @?A?$ Contracted together with EOS PM-1 for $398 million; an option on two more crafts could amount the total to $668 million8q@?HA?' "(OTechnical data8A?A?' " SpecificationsYHA?A?A#R0&Prime contractorTRWn-A?GB?A#RZPlatformAM1200 EOS commun spacecraft busTA?B?A#R&"Mass at launchSGB?B?A#R$ Mass in orbitOB?=C?A#RDimensionQB?C?A#R Solar arrayS=C?C?A#R$ StabilizationN C?/D?A#RDC powerUC?D?A#R($Design lifetime&/D?D?# 1D?D?1WVD?/E?UE?T+D?/E?) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&D?UE?# : /E?E?1 }}~WE?E?OO?Equator S:UE?E?, (" Equator S1 E?E?'  Generalg E?aF?G#^@") Designation25068 / 97075B[E?F?A#R4Launch date2 Dec 1997n!aF?*G?M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyy,F?G?M#jX"H̀d;plMissionObservation of magnetosphereb!*G?H?A#RB"Perigee/Apogee500 / 63700 kmSG?XH?A#R$Inclination4L H?H?A#RPeriodo"XH?I?M#jD" &zg&\Launch vehicleAriane V103YH?J?* "The satellite is a small version (therefore Equator S) of an equatorial spacecraft originally planned by NASA for the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program, but later abandonned. Will be measuring the effects of the solar winds on our planet's magnetic and electrical fields. Satellite cost: $12 millionNASA & ESA contribution<I?J?' *O External resourcesSJ?SK?. ,http://www.go-ariane.com/main/feat/feat_18.htmlhttp://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov8J?K?' "(OTechnical data8SK?K?' " Specificationss2K?6L?A#Rd&Prime contractorMax Plank Institute (Germany)N K?L?A#RPlatformZ6L?L?A#R2"Mass at launch230 kgSL?1M?A#R$ Mass in orbitOL?M?A#RDimensionQ1M?M?A#R Solar arrayk*M?PFrequency23.8 and 36.5 GHz]I??A#R8P(Altitude accuracy0.02 mZ?`?A#R2P"Telemetry/dataS-band?J?I `C      Also equipped with Laser Reflectometer (LR), Precise Range and Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) and Instrument Data Handling and Transmission (IDHT).6`??1\??D@ERS 2B J??5 :c%" ERS 21 ? @'  General? @J?g ?s@G#^@") Designation23560 / 95021A\ @@A#R6Launch date21 Apr 1995m s@<@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropek@@M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^<@@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee783/786 kmV@[@A#R*Inclination98.6U@@A#R(Period100.5 minn![@@M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V72[@@$ Cost: FF3.1 billion including FF2 billion for the satellite. The launch was not insured<@@' *O External resources\5@5@' jhttp://info.man.ac.uk/Arts/geography/rs/ers2.html8@m@' "(OTechnical data85@@' " Specifications]m@@A#R8&Prime contractorDornier_@a@A#R<PlatformMMS Spot (Mark 1)[@@A#R4"Mass at launch2500 kgYa@@A#R0Payload mass1100 kgU@j@A#R(Dry mass2080 kgR@@A#R"Length11.8 m]j@@A#R8Solar array11.7 x 2.4 mY@r@A#R0SAR antenna10 x 1 me$@@A#RH$Radar altimeter1.2 m (diameter)Yr@0@A#R0 Stabilization3 axisT@@A#R&DC power2500 W\0@@A#R6$Design lifetime3 years&@ @# S&@Y @- *L  AMI (Active Microwave Instrument)_ @ @A#R<PFrequency5.3 GHz (C-band)XY @ @A#R.P"SAR resolution26 mZ @j @A#R2P$SAR swath width99 kmc" @ @A#RDP6Scatterometer resolution47 km@j @O @B#TP8Scatterometer swath width613 km (fore and aft)809 km (mid) @ @%  Mission: payload all-weather high-resolution images of land and ocean, windspeed and direction, ice mapping, pollution monitoring.FO @@ @- *2  RA (Radar Altimeter)a @ @A#R@PFrequency13.8 GHz (Ku-band)e$@ @ @A#RHP2Accuracy (wave height)+/- 0.5 m\ @b @A#R6P(Altitude accuracy0.1 mkG @ @$ Mission: windspeed and sea surface elevation, ice sheet topography.X+b @%@- *V  ATSR (Along-Track Scanning Radiometer)k* @@A#RTmWavelengths1.6, 3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 mq0%@@A#R`mJAccuracy (sea surface temperature)+/- 0.5 K@@% #Mission: images of sea surface temperature, total water vapour content of atmosphere, cloud, aerosols, haze, land and ice surface emissivity.;@ @@' ( Microwave Sounder@ @@J?`@l@@A#R>PFrequency23.8 and 36.5 GHz] @@@@A#R8P(Altitude accuracy0.02 m&l@@@@# [.@@JA@- *\  GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment)Z@@A@A#R2Waveband0.24-0.79 m};JA@!B@B#TvResolution40 x 40 km max. (horizontal)1 km (vertical)[A@|B@A#R4Swath width120-960 km!!B@D@M h      Mission: stratospheric and tropospheric ozone profiles, cloud distribution and surface spectral reflection.Also equipped with Laser Reflectometer (LR), Precise Range and Range-rate Equipment (PRARE) and Instrument Data Handling and Transmission (IDHT). The on board tape recorder (6.5 gigabit) can store data from a full orbit.The telemetry is sent in S-band. The scientific data and a replication of the telemetry is sent on 2 X-band transponders.; |B@D@1G ]D@E@1I@ESA-Geos 1CD@E@2 4$"  ESA-Geos 11 D@LE@'  Generalg E@E@G#^@") Designation09931 / 77029A\LE@F@A#R6Launch date20 Apr 1977m E@|F@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope|/F@F@M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya |F@YG@A#R@"Perigee/Apogee2767/38389 kmVF@G@A#R*Inclination26.8UYG@H@A#R(Period734.1 mins&G@wH@M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #130&H@H@# <wH@H@' *O External resourcesX1H@1I@' bhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/geos.html; H@lI@1Il^lI@I@M@ESA-Geos 2C1I@I@2 4$"  ESA-Geos 21 lI@I@'  Generalg I@GJ@G#^@") Designation10981 / 78071A\I@J@A#R6Launch date14 Jul 1978m GJ@K@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope|/J@K@M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyb!K@K@A#RB"Perigee/Apogee36020/36061 kmVK@DL@A#R*Inclination11.8VK@L@A#R*Period1449.1 mins&DL@ M@M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #143&L@3M@# < M@oM@' *O External resourcesX13M@M@' bhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/geos.html> oM@N@1: _N@ON@XO@Program: EsroJM@ON@5 :,G" Program: EsrouMN@N@( European Science Research OrganisationFirst European scientific program<ON@O@' *O External resourcesX1N@XO@' bhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/esro.html1O@O@1`O@@:XO@@H `tobpbb#1Program: EsroEsro 1AEsro 1BEsro 2BO@@XO@Esro 48O@O@1aO@@z@Esro 1AD@@5 : G" Esro 1A9O@̀@# ,Also called Aurorae1 @@'  Generalg ̀@d@G#^@") Designation03459 / 68084A[@@A#R4Launch date3 Oct 1968m d@,@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropey,@@M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_,@@A#R<"Perigee/Apogee258/1538 kmV@Z@A#R*Inclination93.8S@@A#R$Period103 minm Z@@M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #65Y@s@A#R0"Mass at launch86 kgX4@˄@$ hAimed to study auroras and involved phenomenons.5s@@'  End of lifeV˄@V@A#R*Decay26 Jun 1970$@z@" 8V@@1b@@ڊ@Esro 1BDz@@5 : G" Esro 1B8@.@# *Also called Boreas1 @_@'  Generalg .@Ɔ@G#^@") Designation04114 / 69083A[_@!@A#R4Launch date1 Oct 1969m Ɔ@@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropey,!@@M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^@e@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee298/378 kmT@@A#R&Inclination85Te@ @A#R&Period91.3 minm @z@M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #66Y @Ӊ@A#R0"Mass at launch85 kgX4z@+@$ hAimed to study auroras and involved phenomenons.5Ӊ@`@'  End of lifeV+@@A#R*Decay23 Nov 1969$`@ڊ@" 8@@1:c@V@@Esro 2BDڊ@V@5 : G" Esro 2B6@@# &Also called Iris1 V@@'  Generalg @$@G#^@") Designation03233 / 68041A\@@A#R6Launch date17 May 1968m $@@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropey,@f@M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_@ō@A#R<"Perigee/Apogee334/1085 kmVf@@A#R*Inclination97.2Rō@m@A#R"Period99 minm @ڎ@M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #62Ym@3@A#R0"Mass at launch86 kgzVڎ@@$ Aimed to study cosmic rays, solar X-rays and the radiation belts around the Earth.53@ @'  End of life@ @ڊ@U@a@A#R(Decay8 May 1971$ @@" 7a@@1d@@@Esro 4C@@5 :G" Esro 41 @0@'  Generalg @@G#^@") Designation06285 / 72092A\0@@A#R6Launch date22 Nov 1972m @`@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropey,@@M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_`@8@A#R<"Perigee/Apogee245/1173 kmV@@A#R*Inclination91.1R8@@A#R"Period99 minm @M@M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #82Z@@A#R2"Mass at launch115 kgY5M@@$ jStudy of ionosphere, auroras and solar particles.5@5@'  End of lifeV@@A#R*Decay15 Apr 1974$5@@" > @@1le@7@@Program: EssaJ@7@5 :,G" Program: Essa@@/ ,E Environmental Science Service AdministrationAmerican meteorology program. The satellites of this program are evolved Tiros with better surface resolution.<7@D@' *O External resourcesc<@@' xhttp://thunder.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/essaindex.html1D@@1f@@d@@k 111111111Program: EssaEssa 1Essa 2Essa 3Essa 4Essa 5Essa 6Essa 7Essa 8Essa 97@@1g@!@@Essa 1C@!@5 :G" Essa 11 @R@'  Generalg !@@G#^@") Designation01982 / 66008A[R@@A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1966t'@@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh@@M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^@N@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee684/805 kmV@@A#R*Inclination97.8TN@@A#R&Period99.7 minr%@j@M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #36\@@A#R6"Mass at launch138.6 kg$j@@" 7@!@1;h!@d@AEssa 2C@d@5 :G" Essa 21 !@@'  Generalg d@@G#^@") Designation02091 / 66016A\@X@A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1966t'@@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshX@4@M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`@@A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1352/1412 kmU4@ AA#R(Inclination101@ A@U@aAA#R(Period113.4 minr% AAM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #37$aAA" 7A.A1Ri.AqAAEssa 3CAqA5 :G" Essa 37.AA# (Also called TOS A1 qAA'  Generalg A@AG#^@") Designation02435 / 66087A[AAA#R4Launch date2 Oct 1966t'@AAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshAwAM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`AAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1383/1484 kmUwA,AA#R(Inclination101UAAA#R(Period114.5 minr%,AAM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #41$AA" 7ANA1;jjNAA8 AEssa 4CAA5 :G" Essa 47NAA# (Also called TOS B1 AA'  Generalg A`AG#^@") Designation02657 / 67006A\AAA#R6Launch date26 Jan 1967t'`A0AM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshAAM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`0AAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1323/1437 kmUAMAA#R(Inclination102UAAA#R(Period113.4 minr%MA AM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #45$A8 A" 7 Ao A1Rko A A_ AEssa 5G8 A A8 @ G" Essa 57o A A# (Also called TOS C1 A A'  Generalg A AG#^@") Designation02757 / 67036A\ A AA#R6Launch date20 Apr 1967t' AU AM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh A AM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`U A AA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1352/1419 kmW At AA#R,Inclination101.9U A AA#R(Period113.5 minr%t A; AM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #48$ A_ A" 7; A A1jQl A AAAEssa 6C_ A A5 :G" Essa 67 AA# (Also called TOS D1 AAA'  Generalg AAG#^@") Designation03035 / 67114A\AAAA#R6Launch date10 Nov 1967t'AxAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshAAM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`xAL@AA#R>AL@A_ A"Perigee/Apogee1406/1483 kmWA@AA#R,Inclination102.2UL@A@AA#R(Period114.8 minr%@AjAAM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #54$@AAA" 7jAAAA1kmAABAEAEssa 7CAABA5 :G" Essa 77AA?BA# (Also called TOS E1 BApBA'  Generalg ?BABAG#^@") Designation03345 / 68069A\pBA3CAA#R6Launch date16 Aug 1968t'BACAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh3CADAM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`CAoDAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1429/1470 kmWDADAA#R,Inclination101.5UoDAEAA#R(Period114.9 minr%DAEAM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #58$EAEA" 7EAEA1QnEA+FAIAEssa 8CEA+FA5 :G" Essa 87EAbFA# (Also called TOS F1 +FAFA'  Generalg bFAFAG#^@") Designation03615 / 68114A\FAVGAA#R6Launch date15 Dec 1968t'FAGAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshVGA2HAM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`GAHAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1411/1461 kmW2HAHAA#R,Inclination101.8UHA>IAA#R(Period114.6 minr%HAIAM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #62$>IAIA" 7IA JA1ko JANJAMAEssa 9CIANJA5 :G" Essa 97 JAJA# (Also called TOS G1 NJAJA'  Generalg JAKAG#^@") Designation03764 / 69016A\JAyKAA#R6Launch date26 Feb 1969t'KAKAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshyKAULAM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`KALAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1423/1502 kmWULA MAA#R,Inclination101.4ULAaMAA#R(Period115.2 minr% MAMAM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #67$aMAMA" = MA4NA1p4NANA AProgram: ETSMMANA8 @,Cc%" Program: ETS4NA]OA/ ,[  Engineering Test Satellite, also called Kiku which means "chrysanthemum"Primary purpose of the Japanese ETS is to develop and prove bus technology. Operated by NASDA<NAOA' * External resources^7]OA A' nhttp://www.goin.nasda.go.jp/GOIN/NASDA/act/ets.htmlOA AMA1OA=A1q=AAR AAd 1wSㅾTㆾTㇾT㈾T㉾T㊾T㋾T㌾TProgram: ETSETS 1ETS 2ETS 3ETS 4ETS 5ETS 6ETS 7ETS 86=A)A1r)AoAAETS 1FAoA8 @Cc%" ETS 18)AA# *Also called Kiku 11 oA؁A'  Generalg A?AG#^@") Designation08197 / 75082A[؁AAA#R4Launch date9 Sep 1975l?AAM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanUA[AG#^"H̀Mission_AAA#R<"Perigee/Apogee976/1103 kmT[AAA#R&Inclination47SAaAA#R$Period106 minfADŽAM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1[aA"AA#R4"Mass at launch82.5 kg&DŽAHA# <"AA' *O External resourcesd=HAA' zhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-1_e.html6AA1oR sAdAAETS 2FAdA8 @Cc%" ETS 28AA# *Also called Kiku 21 dA͆A'  Generalg A4AG#^@") Designation09852 / 77014A\͆AAA#R6Launch date23 Feb 1977l4AAM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"AkAM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYAĈAA#R0,Geostationary orbitfkA*AM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1&ĈAPA# 5*AA'  End of lifeWPA܉AA#R,"Out of serviceyes&AA# <܉A>A' *O External resourcesd=AA' zhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-2_e.html6>A؊A1sst؊AA`AETS 3FAA8 @Cc%" ETS 38؊AVA# *Also called Kiku 41 AA'  Generalg VAAG#^@") Designation13492 / 82087A[AIAA#R4Launch date3 Sep 1982lAAM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanu.IA*AG#^\"H̀MissionTelecommunications, experimental_AAA#R<"Perigee/Apogee966/1226 kmV*AߍAA#R*Inclination44.6UA4AA#R(Period107.2 minfߍAAM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1&4AA# <AA' *O External resourcesd=A`A' zhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-3_e.html6AA1U (uA܏A AETS 4F`A܏A8 @Cc%" ETS 48A A# *܏A A`AAlso called Kiku 31 ܏AQA'  Generalg AAG#^@") Designation12295 / 81012A\QAAA#R6Launch date11 Feb 1981lAAM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanUAAG#^"H̀Mission`A5AA#R>"Perigee/Apogee240/20680 kmVAAA#R*Inclination28.2U5AAA#R(Period362.4 minfAFAM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2&AlA# <FAA' *O External resourcesd=lA A' zhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-4_e.html6ABA13svBAABETS 5B AA5 :Cc%" ETS 58BAA# *Also called Kiku 51 AA'  Generalg ATAG#^@") Designation18316 / 87070A\AAA#R6Launch date27 Aug 1987lTAAM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"AAM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh'AAA#RN,Geostationary orbit150E, inclinedfAYAM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1A A% First 3 axis stabilized Japanese satellite with a built in apogee kick motor. It also carried a experimental mobile communications payload.<YAIA' *O External resourcesj AA. ,http://akebono.tksc.nasda.go.jp/ETS-V.htmlhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-5_e.html5IAA'  End of life`AvAA#R>"Out of servicemid-Oct 1997TAAA#R&Causedeorbited&vAA# 8A(A' "(OTechnical data8A`A' " Specificationsi((AAA#RP&Prime contractorMitsubishi ElectricX`A!AA#R.PlatformMitsubishi[A|AA#R4"Mass at launch1081 kgY!AAA#R0 Mass in orbit550 kgO|A$AA#RLength3 mPAtAA#RWidth2.8 mO$AAA#RHeight2 mYtAAA#R0 Stabilization3 axis^AzAA#R:$Design lifetime1.5 years&AA# 0 zAA'  L-bandSA#AA#R$Transponders2OArAA#RPower30 WU#AAA#R(Bandwidth10 MHzLrATAA#RCoverageNorthern Pacific including Philippines, Indonesia and AustraliaVAAA#R*EIRP max23.2 dBWRTA BA#R"PolarizationA B A&A2B# 0 BbB'  C-bandS2BBA#R$Transponders1N bBBA#RPower6 WUBXBA#R(Bandwidth20 MHzy8BBA#RpCoverageNorthern Pacific (used for a link to NASDA)N XBBA#REIRP maxRBqBA#R"Polarization$BB" 6qBB1_(wB BGGBETS 6B B B5 :Cc%" ETS 68BEB# *Also called Kiku 61 BvB'  Generalg EBBG#^@") Designation23230 / 94056Ah'vBEBA#RNLaunch date28 Aug 1994 at 22:10 UTlBBM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanu.EB&BG#^\"H̀MissionTelecommunications, experimentalu4BBA#Rh,Geostationary orbitwas expected in 153.8E slotf&BBM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH2!B"B- (lUcUWas designed to demonstrate amongst other things ion propulsion and liquid bi-propellant GEO orbit insertion. The payload would have supported mobile communications and inter satellite communication at radio and laser frequencies in preparation for Data Relay and Tracking Satellite systems.In mid-1995 it was reported than successful intersatellite communication had taken place with UARS Later in early 1996 bidirectionel laser communications between JPL and the satellite were carried out.5BWB'  End of life_"BBA#R<"Out of service28 Aug 1994nWBe BA#RCauseUnable to reach GEO: a valve controlling the ergol input in the apogee kick motor (LAPS) was blocked&B B# <e B B' *O External resourcesk B` B. ,http://akebono.tksc.nasda.go.jp/ETS-VI.htmlhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-6_e.html8 B B' "(OTechnical data8` B B' " Specifications] B- BA#R8&Prime contractorToshibaX B BA#R.PlatformMitsubishi[- B BA#R4"Mass at launch3800 kgZ B: BA#R2 Mass in orbit2000 kg` B BA#R>Dimension3.0 x 2.0 x 2.8 mZ: B BA#R2Solar array30 m spanY BM BA#R0 Stabilization3 axis\ B BA#R6$Design lifetime2 years&M B B# 0 B B'  S-bandX BWBA#R.(Main transponders1P BBA#RPower100 Wk*WBBA#RTBandwidth20 MHz forward/10 MHz returnZBlBA#R2Coverage5 spot beamsVBBA#R*EIRP max31.5 dBWRlB @BA#R"B @BBPolarization&BF@B# 0 @Bv@B'  C-bandXF@B@BA#R.(Main transponders4N v@BABA#RPower8 WU@BqABA#R(Bandwidth35 MHzN ABABA#RCoverageTqABBBA#R&EIRP max35 dBWRABeBBA#R"Polarization&BBBB# =eBBBB' , Ka-band (20/30 GHz)XBB CBA#R.(Main transponders6VBBvCBA#R*Power10 W (TWTA)l+ CBCBA#RVBandwidth120 MHz forward/30 MHz returnN vCB0DBA#RCoverageTCBDBA#R&EIRP max48 dBWR0DBDBA#R"Polarization&DBDB# <DB8EB' * O-band (38/43 GHz)XDBEBA#R.(Main transponders1V8EBEBA#R*Power10 W (TWTA)OEB5FBA#RBandwidthN EBFBA#RCoverageN 5FBFBA#REIRP maxRFB#GBA#R"Polarization$FBGGB" 6#GB}GB1] x}GBGBBETS 7B GGBGB5 :Cc%" ETS 7hE}GB'HB# Also called Kiku 7, the two units are called Orihime and Hikoboshi1 GBXHB'  Generalg 'HBHBG#^@") Designation25064 / 97074B\XHBIBA#R6Launch date27 Nov 1997lHBIBM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanaIBIBG#^4"H̀MissionExperimentalZIBBJBA#R2"Perigee/Apogee550 kmTIBJBA#R&Inclination35L BJBJBA#RPeriodiJBKKBM#j8" &JLaunch vehicleH2 #5XJBNB' ETS 7 is composed of a chase satellite and a target satellite. Its objectives are to carry out experiments to confirm the basic technologies for rendezvous-docking and space robotics. It will enable future Japanese supply missions to dock reliably with the International Space Station.Success in orbit will be reliant on an internal navigation system which contains three sensors. A GPS receiver will be used to compute the relative positions and speeds of the separated satellite units from 10 km out to the 600 meter final approach stage. The rendezvous laser radar (LR) will then take over, computing the target satellite's position and azimuth from 660 to 2 meters, whereupon the proximity sensor will make final attitude and positional adjustments. Of the three sensing systems, the LR and the proximity sensor represent cutting-edge technology.vKKBdOB$ Had solar pannel problems right after launch. This was solved quickly but an automatic shutdown occured on Nov 30.<NBOB' *O External resourcesd=dOBB' zhttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/ets-7_e.htmOBBGGBl7OBGB'  O Sub satellite`=BB# zTarget - Orihime, no id number yet. Transmits on 2.22 GHz8GB߀B' "(OTechnical data8BB' " Specifications]߀BtBA#R8&Prime contractorToshibaN BBA#RPlatform}<tB?BA#Rx"Mass at launch2950 kg (chaser: 2540 kg, target: 410 kg)SBBA#R$ Mass in orbitO?BBA#RDimensionQB2BA#R Solar arrayYBBA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN 2BكBA#RDC power^B7BA#R:$Design lifetime1.5 yearsكBB- (ˎWill use Comets to demonstrate inter-orbit links. Transmits on 2.27699 & 2.04425 GHzThe docking system was developed by Mitsubishi.67B&B1y&BhBBETS 8B BhB5 :Cc%" ETS 87&BB# (Also called ETS N1 hBЅB'  GeneralYB)BG#^$") Designation`ЅBBA#R>Launch dateplanned in 2002l)BBM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanu.BjBG#^\"H̀MissionTelecommunications, experimentalYBÇBA#R0,Geostationary orbit_jB"BG#^0" &Launch vehicleH2A&ÇBHB# 8"BB' "(OTechnical data8HBB' " SpecificationsVBBA#R*&Prime contractorq0BBA#R`PlatformMitsubishi (same as ETS 6 & Comets)[BډBA#R4"Mass at launch5000 kgZB4BA#R2 Mass in orbit2600 kgOډBBA#RDimensionQ4BԊBA#R Solar arrayYB-BA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTԊBBA#R&DC power5000 W\-B݋BA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsBB% Will feature two S-band transponders for mobile phone, digital broadcast and a nagivation system. Two 13 m diameter antennas will be on board. The navigation system will have Rubidium atomic clock and a signal generator for S- and Ka-band.1݋B&B1Wz&BzBBT+BzB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&&BB# DzBB13{B4BBProgram: EurasiasatPB4B5 :8wj" Program: EurasiasatBB6 :a)5!]cKTelecommunication program to be operated by Eurasiasat, a Monaco-based joint venture between Turk Telekom and Aerospatiale. This is a followon for the Turksat program.14BKB1W|KBBŏBT+BB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&KBŏB# 1B B1} BgBŏB BŏB[(ŏBgB3 6PQNProgram: EurasiasatEurasiasat 1= BB1=~BBCEurasiasat 1IgBB5 :*wj" Eurasiasat 1<B)B# 2Also called Turksat 2A1 BZB'  GeneralY)BBG#^$") DesignationZZB BA#R2Launch datelate 1999m BzBM#j@"N ,.Country of originTurkeyo" BBM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh'zBQBA#RN,Geostationary orbit42E co-locatedbBBG#^6" &Launch vehicleAriane@QBB$ 8Total cost: $260 million8B+B' "(OTechnical data=BhB' , EIRP coverage (dBW)J+BB0 04J~}ӀgӉWest beamEast beam8hBB' " Specificationsb!BLBA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale]BBA#R8PlatformSpacebus 3000B3[LBBA#R4"Mass at launch3400 kgSBWBA#R$ Mass in orbitZBBA#R2Dimension3.74 m high\WB BA#R6Solar array36.5 m spanYBfBA#R0 Stabilization3-axisT BBA#R&DC power9000 W]fBBA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&B=B# 1 BnB'  Ku-bandY=BBA#R0(Main transponders32YnB BA#R0,Backup transpondersPBpBA#RPower110 WU BBA#R(Bandwidth33 MHz}pBBP#p.J~}ӉgӉCoverageWest: Western & Central Europe to TurkeyEast: Turkey to AfghanistanSpot1: fully mobileSpot2: fully mobileTBBA#R&EIRP max52 dBWM B3BA#RG/T max\BBA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VnI3BB% Command: 14.184 V & 13.998 H GHzTelemetry: 11.69940 V & 11.704 H GHzT-BQB' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)WBEB# y . L v  HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)BeamQBB#8y"*,111.7574833WestEBB#8y"*,11.74666233EastB=B#8y"*,311.7653433WestB C#8y"*,11.78502433East=B CgB=BC#8y"*,511.8042033West C\C#8y"*,11.82338633EastCC#8y"*,711.8425633West\CC#8y"*,11.86174833EastCTC#8y"*,911.8809233WestCC#:y $,.11.900101033EastTCC#:y$,.1111.9192833WestCOC#:y $,.11.938461233EastCC#:y$,.1311.9576433WestOCC#:y $,.11.979821433EastCJC#:y$,.1511.9960033WestCC#:y $,.12.015181633EastJCC#:y$,.1712.0343633WestCE C#:y $,.12.053541833EastC C#:y$,.1912.0727233WestE C C#:y $,.12.091902033East3 CV C#fy 4<>12.130262112.1302633West (V) or S1 (H)3 C C#fy 4<>12.130262212.1302633East (H) or S2 (V) V C C#y 3 Cm C#fy 4<>12.523502312.5235036S1 (H) or West (V) CC#6y$,.2412.5235036S2m CC#6y $,.12.565002536S13CzC#fy 4<>12.565002612.5650036S2 (V) or East (H)C-@C#6y $,.zC-@CgB12.606502736S1!zC@C#By$,.2812.6065036S1 or S2-@CAC#6y $,.12.648002936S1!@C.BC#By$,.3012.6480036S1 or S2ACBC#6y $,.12.689503136S1!.BCCC#By$,.3212.6895036S1 or S2BC)DC#6y $,.12.731003336S1!CCDC#By$,.3412.7310036S1 or S2&)DCDC# R+DCNEC' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)UDC@FC# |xy , J r  Horizontal UplinkTransponderVertical UplinkBandwidth (MHz)BeamNECFC#8|xy"*,117.3274833West@FCGC#8|xy"*,17.34666233EastFC8HC#8|xy"*,317.3653433WestGCHC#8|xy"*,17.38502433East8HCIC#8|xy"*,517.4042033WestHC0JC#8|xy"*,17.42338633EastICJC#8|xy"*,717.4425633West0JCKC#8|xy"*,17.46174833EastJC(LC#8|xy"*,917.4809233WestKCLC#:|xy $,.17.500101033East(LCzMC#:|xy$,.1117.5192833WestLC#NC#:|xy $,.17.538461233EastzMCNC#:|xy$,.1317.5576433West#NCuOC#:|xy $,.17.579821433EastNC*C#:|xy$,.uOC*CgB1517.5960033WestuOCӀC#:|xy $,.17.615181633East*C|C#:|xy$,.1717.6343633WestӀC%C#:|xy $,.17.653541833East|C΂C#:|xy$,.1917.6727233West%CwC#:|xy $,.17.691902033East3΂C6C#f|xy 4<>17.730262117.7302633West (V) or S1 (H)3wCC#f|xy 4<>17.730262217.7302633East (H) or S2 (V) 6CC#|xy C5C#6|xy$,.2313.7705036S1C܆C#6|xy $,.13.770502436S25CC#6|xy$,.2513.8120036S1܆C*C#6|xy $,.13.812002636S2CшC#6|xy$,.2713.8535036S1!*C~C#B|xy $,.13.853502836S1 or S2шC%C#6|xy$,.2913.8950036S1!~CҊC#B|xy $,.13.895003036S1 or S2%CyC#6|xy$,.3113.9365036S1!ҊC&C#B|xy $,.13.936503236S1 or S2yC͌C#6|xy$,.3313.9780036S1!&CzC#B|xy $,.13.978003436S1 or S2&͌CC# 1zCэC1WэC%CKCT+C%C) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&эCKC# 1%C|C1a|CCCC KCC# @Eurasiasat 1's West beam EIRP0|CC, ( "V1C C1W CtCCT+CtC) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& CC# 1tCˏC1aˏCCJCC CC# @Eurasiasat 1's EaˏCCCst beam EIRP0ˏCJC, ( "W1C{C1W{CCCT+JCC) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&{CC# 9C.C1E ҃.CoCCEureca 1ACoC2 4 "  Eureca 1B.CC# >EUropean REtrievable CArrier1 oCC'  Generalg CICG#^@") Designation22065 / 92049B\CCA#R6Launch date31 Jul 1992m ICCM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope_CqCG#^0"H̀MissionScientific^CCA#R:"Perigee/Apogee484/509 kmVqC%CA#R*Inclination28.5TCyCA#R&Period94.6 minj%CCM#j:" &㨛Launch vehicleSTS 46yCC+ $vtމEureca was an ESA scientific satellite designed to be launched and retrieved by the Space Shuttle. It carried the first European inter-orbit communications (IOC) link to be conducted with Olympus.5C C'  End of lifet-CCG#^ZԛDecayRetrieved by STS 57 on 1 Jul 1993& CC# <CC' *O External resourcesZ3C=C' fhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/eureca.html8CuC' "(OTechnical data8=CC' " SpecificationsYuCCA#R0&Prime contractorMBB[CaCA#R4"Mass at launch4450 kgYCCA#R0Payload mass1000 kg`aCCA#R>Dimension4.5 x 2.3 x 2.7 mZCtCA#R2Solar array18 m spanYCCA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTtC!CA#R&DC power5000 W&CGC# 1 !CxC'  Payloadz8GCCB#Tp*Telemetry and dataS-bandKa-band (experimental/IOC)m+xC_CB#TVRatesuplink: 2 kbpsdownlink: 256 kbps$CC" E_CC13C CDProgram: Europe*StarEC C, (4" Program: Europe*StarL&CYC& MTelecommunication satellite program lead by Alcatel with Loral. Should use 3 German GEO slots (43, 45 & 47.5E) to beam to southern Africa, Asia, Europe, India and the Middle East. Cost: $300 millionThe program should be operational in early 2000. The first satellite should weigh 3600 kg.8 CC' "(OTechnical data8YCC' " SpecificationsZC#CA#R2&Prime contractorSS/LN CqCA#RPlatform[#CCA#R4"Mass at launch3600 kgSqCCA#R$ Mass in orbitOCnCA#RDimensionQCCA#R Solar arraySnCDA#R$ CDCStabilizationTCrDA#R&DC power9500 WUDDA#R($Design lifetimeCrD D$ >Payload provided by Alcatel1 D;D'  Ku-bandY DDA#R0(Main transponders30Y;DDA#R0,Backup transpondersK D8DA#RPowerODDA#RBandwidthN 8DDA#RCoverageN D#DA#REIRP maxM DpDA#RG/T maxR#DDA#R"Polarization&pDD# 1DD1WDmDDT+DmD) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&DD# < mDD1 ҃D DDEuropesat 1<D D, ("" Europesat 11 D<D'  GeneralY DDG#^$") Designationf%<DDA#RJLaunch dateplanned for July 2000m DhDM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"DDM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]hD4DA#R8,Geostationary orbit29E\DDG#^*" &Launch vehicleY4DDG#^$Launch siteQ'D:D* $NRH(Eutelsat will operate Europesat 18DrD' "(OTechnical data8:DD' " SpecificationsYrD DA#R0&Prime contractorMMSVDY DA#R*PlatformEurostar[ D DA#R4"Mass at launch3000 kgSY D DA#R$ Mass in orbitO DV DA#RDimensionQ D DA#R Solar arraySV D DA#R$ StabilizationT DN DA#R&DC power6000 W] D DA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&N D D# 1 D D'  Ku-bandY D[ DA#R0(Main transponders36Y D DA#R0,Backup transpondersO[ D DA#RPower70 WO DR DA#RBandwidthN  D DA#RCoverageN R D DA#REIRP maxM D;DA#RG/T maxR DDA#R"Polarization&;DD# 1DD1WD8D^DT+D8D) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&D^D# D8DD1~D @DBDProgram: EuroskywayD^D @D, (2" Program: EuroskywayD @D^DQ+D]BD& WTelecommunication program proposed by the Italian firm Alenia Spazio. It would offer large bandwidth for multimedia applications in Europe. It would use Ka-bandThe program would have 5 GEO satellites located at 5, 13, 22, 30 & 39E. The two first should be launched in 2001. The system would cover Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Western Asia. Each satellite would weigh 4500 kg with 9000 W power onboard and 15 years lifetime. Each satellite would use 700 MHz bandwidth providing 9 Gbps. Each satellite will provide 82,000 channels od 64 kbps. I% @DBD$ JFinancing is still to be found...1]BDBD1WBD+CDQCDT+BD+CD) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BDQCD# B+CDCD1fCDCDYHDProgram: EutelsatNQCDCD5 :4xߪk" Program: Eutelsatq6CDRFD; Dm  QHkSEUropean TELecommunication SATellite, also called ECS (European Communication Satellite)In 1979 the European Space Agency decided to build five ECS satellites whose management were given to the European organization Eutelsat. The Satellites were aimed to respond to the post and telecommunications needs and to transmit EBU's TV channels. To avoid frequencies attribution problems in C-band the satellites were designed to operate in Ku-band. The OTS program had provided test transmissions with small Earth stations using on board powerful transponders.t;CDGD9 @wQHCIxQH≂Eutelsat was officialy created in 1985. The initial mission was to complete the telephone networks without acting contrary to Intelsat laws. In fact, Eutelsat mainly makes profit with TV channels (65% of its profits).Eutelsat plans to start a commercial branch that would be setup in France before 2001.<RFDHD' *O External resourcesW0GDYHD' `http://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/ecs.html1HDHD1UHDMDND?YHDHD) ",RH(Program: Eutelsat1HD^IDd#b"ن"چBۆEutelsat 1F1Eutelsat 1F2Eutelsat 1F3#HDID^#F"܆"݆BEutelsat 1F4Eutelsat 1F51^IDtJDd#b""BEutelsat 2F1Eutelsat 2F2Eutelsat 2F3&IDKDg#L(($HEutelsat 2F4Eutelsat 2F5-tJDKDs#Z(((<Hotbird 1Hotbird 2Hotbird 3 KD(LDg#@((<Hotbird 4Hotbird 56KDLDs#l(K($L(HMEutelsat 3F1Eutelsat 3F2Eutelsat 3F3u(LDFMD[#4(".,0Eutelsat 3 SESAT(LDMDs#P(w~W(%MG(81ZTDF 2Europesat 1Ressat$FMDND" 1MD6ND1D 6NDRDT1NDND# bEutelsat 1's transponder frequency chart (GHz)k6NDOD#$ * X v  ƀ HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkBeam)NDYD#ڀRODYDND"&<10.991667114.291667Euro/West$ODD#ڀH"&<11.075000214.375000East)YDD#ڀR"&<11.158333314.458333Euro/West$DYD#ڀH"&<14.491667414.041667West-D D#ڀZ"&<11.575000514.125000East/Atlantic$YDD#ڀH"&<11.658333614.208333West) DbD#ڀR"8<14.291667710.991667Euro/West$D D#ڀH"8<14.375000811.075000East)bDD#ڀR"8<14.458333911.158333Euro/West% DcD#ڀJ$:>14.0416671011.491667West)DD#ڀR$:>14.1250001111.575000Atlantic%cDD#ڀJ$:>14.2083331211.658333West$DdD#ڀH$(>12.5416671314.041667SMS$D D#ڀH$:>14.0416671412.541667SMSE!dDRD$ BNo 12 GHz transponders on 1F11 DD1BDDARDĉD# <Eutelsat 1's specificationsg&D+DA#RL&Prime contractorBritish AerospaceQĉD|DA#R PlatformECSp.+DDB#T\"Mass at launchF1: 1050 kgOthers: 1185 kgY|DEDA#R0 Mass in orbit585 kgXDDA#R.Payload mass117 kgQEDDA#R Length1.9 mPD>DA#RWidth1.4 mQDDA#R Height2.3 m\>DDA#R6Solar array13.8 m spanYDDDA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYDDA#R0DC powerEOL: 1000 WZDDDA#R2 Payload power638.5 W\DSDA#R6$Design lifetime7 yearsADD$ :Apogee kick motor: Mage 21SDŎD1WŎDD:DD# .Eutelsat 1's Ku-band>ŎD~DA#R|0(Main transponders10 in 11 GHz + 2 in 12 GHz (none for F1)ZD؏DA#R20,Backup transponders2V~D:DA#R*0؏D:DDPower20 W (TWTA)U؏DDA#R(0Bandwidth72 MHzo:DADC#V0,Coverage & EIRP maxAtlantic, West & East spotbeams: 46 dBWEurobeam: 41 dBWSMS beam: 43.5 dBW (not on F1)XDDA#R.0PolarizationlinearX4ADD$ hOnly 9 transponders can be active simultaneously1D"D1"D~D\&D~D6 Dimension2.8 x 2.2 x 2.5 m\&DDA#R6Solar array22.4 m spanYD;DA#R0 Stabilization3 axisf$DDB#THDC powerBOL: 3000 WEOL: 2890 W];DDA#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsYDWDA#R0 Payload power2090 WZDDA#R2 G/T-3.5 to +2.5 dB/K$WDD" 1DD1UDDD:D@D# .Eutelsat 2's Ku-bandYDDA#R00(Main transponders16Z@DDA#R20,Backup transponders8VDIDA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)?DDB#T~0Bandwidth7 transponders of 72 MHz9 transponders of 36 MHz>IDPDH#`|0,uSӪCoverage & EIRP maxsuper beam: 52 dBWwide beam: 47 dBWXDDA#R.0Polarizationlinear$PDD" 1DD1CDEG$DDD# HEutelsat 3's specifications (W24)}<DDA#Rx&Prime contractorAerospatiale (with DASA, Alenia & SS/L)[DDDA#R4PlatformSpacebus 3000[DwDA#R4"Mass at launch2700 kgZDDA#R2 Mass in orbit1680 kgYwD6EA#R0D6EDDimension2.9 m highZDEA#R2Solar array30 m spanS6EEA#R$ StabilizationYE<EA#R0DC powerEOL: 5840 W]EEA#R8$Design lifetime12 yearsU<EE+ &2!Cost: $680 million for the 3 satellites2 satellites will be launched by Ariane1EJE1WJEEET+EE) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&JEE# 1EE1UEmEE@E5E# :Eutelsat 3's Ku-band (W24)YEEA#R0(Main transponders24Y5EEA#R0,Backup transpondersOE6EA#RPower90 WUEEA#R(Bandwidth72 MHzs6EFEH#`"/UCoveragefull coverage of the entire European continent and the Mediterranean Basinsteerable and fixed beamsN EEA#REIRP maxRFEEA#R"PolarizationFEmEA#RFrequency10.95-11.7 GHz (18 transp.) & 12.5-12.75 GHz (6 transp.)$EE" 1mEE1WEE<ET+EE) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&E<E# 1EmE1mEE`*<EE6 2416 Oct 1990Oct 19927EkE|Ej#<.0Oct 1992late-199236E!EEj#BMay 199325.5E, inclined&|E-E# 8EeE' "(Technical dataQ-EE9 B⁎ ^ SpecificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chartBeacon: 11.44965 GHz=eE,E' , EIRP coverage (dBW)W EE7 >@ ~⛱~;>Spot beamsEurobeamSMS1,EE1E#Eo9E#E6 @Հ4 ԉ(Spot beamsEurobeamSMS1kEE1EbEo9ŽEbE6 FG#^@") Designation22028 / 92041B[ׅFFA#R4Launch date9 Jul 1992m >FFM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"FuFM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsdFهFG#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit7En!uFGFM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V51F"هFF$ DOperational since 18 Sep 1992.8GFňF' "(Technical dataaF_F9 B2ӂ✔7SpecificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chartBeacons: 11.451091 and 12.541667 GHz=ňFF' , EIRP coverage (dBW)K_FF0 06Z$QuSӪWide beamSuper beamK$F2F' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)9FΊFc#r * H HorizontalUplinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkb2F0FR#t 10.97120AbΊFFR#t 25A10.986b0FFR#t 11.00520BbFVFR#t 25B11.016bFFR#t 26A11.049bVFFR#t 11.05521AbF|FR#t 26B11.080bFލFR#t 11.09521Bb|F@FR#t 27A11.133bލFFR#t 11.14622Ab@FFR#t 27B11.163bFfFR#t 11.18122BaFǏFR#t11.55432afF4FR#tǏF4F F3711.575aǏFFR#t11.59533a4FFR#t3811.615bFXFR#t 11.63834AaFFR#t3911.658bXFFR#t 11.67534BaF|FR#t12.52140aFFR#t4512.542a|F>FR#t12.56341aFFR#t4612.583a>FFR#t12.60442aFaFR#t4712.625aFFR#t12.64543aaF#FR#t4812.666bFFR#t 12.68844Aa#FFR#t4912.708bFHFR#t 12.72844B$FlF" = HFF1FF[FEutelsat 2F5IlFF5 :*xߪk" Eutelsat 2F55F'F'  End of life_FFA#R<"Out of service24 Jan 1994e'FFG#^<D+CauseAriane V63 failurepKF[F% Was aimed to serve the eastern members in slot 36E.Cost: $200 million: FF1 FFGHotbird 1F[FF5 :$xߪk" Hotbird 1>FF# 6Also called Eutelsat 2F61 FJF'  Generalg FFG#^@") Designation23537 / 95016B\JF FA#R6Launch date28 Mar 1995m FzFM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo" FFM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsezFNFG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit13En!FFM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V71&NFF# 8FF' "(Technical data|JFF2 4R2ӂEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsBeacon: 11.44961 GHz horizontalBFF' 6 Ku-band (11.2-11.56 GHz)YF1FA#R0i(Main transponders16ZFFA#R2i,Backup transponders8V1FFA#R*iPower70 W (TWTA)UF6FA#R(iBandwidth36 MHzz3FFG#^fi0RꉂCoverage and EIRP maxsuper wide beam: 49 dBWX6FFA#R.iPolarizationlinear[FcFA#R4iUplink12.89-13.25 GHz&FF# K$cFF' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz);F~Gc#vF~G[F . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlink`FGR#t11.2211`~G>GR#t 211.242`GGR#t11.2623`>GGR#t 411.283`G^GR#t11.3045`GGR#t 611.325`^GGR#t11.3457`G~GR#t 811.366`GGR#t11.3879a~G?GR#t1011.408aGGR#t11.42811a?GGR#t1211.449aGbGR#t11.47113aGGR#t1411.492abG$GR#t11.51315aGGR#t1611.534$$GG" 1GG1G(GNG(G6 <2"bHotbird 1's EIRP1GYG1YGG_)(GG6 L: 21 Nov 19965 Dec 199629E.G?Gj#0"$16 Dec 199613E&GeG# 8?GG' "(OTechnical data=eGG' , EIRP coverage (dBW)IG/@G0 02\G/@G G\SuperbeamWidebeam8Gg@G' " Specificationsi(/@G@GA#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space\g@G,AGA#R6PlatformEurostar 2000+T@GAGA#R&"Mass at launch>,AGAGA#R|Payload mass268 kg: transponders: 192 kg, antennas: 76 kg`AG_BGA#R>Dimension2.5 x 1.7 x 2.6 mYAGBGA#R0 Stabilization3 axiso._BG'CGA#R\DC powerequinox: 5500 W, solstice: 4988 WYBGCGA#R0 Payload power4188 W`'CGCGA#R>$Design lifetime12-15 years?CGDG$ 6Telemetry: 2264.818 MHzR+CGqDG' V Ku-band (11.45-11.7 GHz & 11.7-12.5 GHz)YDGDGA#R0(Main transponders20[qDG%EGA#R4,Backup transponders10WDG|EGA#R,Power110 W (TWTA)%EGWFGE#X-Bandwidth20 transponders of 33 MHz (12 GHz)5 transponders of 36 MHz (11 GHz)1 transponder of 72 MHz (11 GHz)1 transponder of 72 MHz (12.5 GHz)|EGSGGD#VqCoveragesuper beam: Europe from West to Eastwide beam: from the Canary Islands to the republics South of Russia and Gulf countriesTransponders switchable one by one on each zoneq/WFGGGB#T^EIRP maxSuperbeam: 52 dBWWidebeam: 49 dBWXSGGHGA#R.Polarizationlinear|GGHG$ 6 transponders in 12 GHz can be switched in 11 GHz and the 36 MHz transponders can be operated in half-transponder mode.K$HGIG' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)IHGIG#܀ . L vx HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkBandwidthIGpJG{#ƀ>(,.11.55441032/D136 MHzIG KG{#ƀ>,.37/D211.57516036 MHzpJGKG{#ƀ>(,.11.59591033/D336 MHz KG>LG{#ƀ>,.38/D411.61666036 MHzKGLG{#ƀ>(,.11.65833334/D572 MHz>LGrMG{#ƀ>,.39/D611.65816036 MHzLG NG{#ƀ>,.50/E111.72748033 MHzrMGNG{#ƀ>(,.11.74666051/E233 MHz NG@OG{#ƀ>,.52/E311.76584033 MHzNGOG{#ƀ>(,.11.78502053/E433 MHz@OGG{#ƀ>OGG G,.54/E511.80420033 MHzOGG{#ƀ>(,.11.82338055/E633 MHzGG{#ƀ>,.56/E711.84256033 MHzGMG{#ƀ<&*,11.86174057E833 MHzGG{#ƀ>,.58/E911.88092033 MHz MGG{#ƀ@*.011.90010059/E1033 MHz GG{#ƀ@.060/E1111.91928033 MHz GG{#ƀ@*.011.93846061/E1233 MHz GSG{#ƀ@.062/E1311.95764033 MHz GG{#ƀ@*.011.97682063/E1433 MHz SGG{#ƀ@.064/E1511.99600033 MHz G$G{#ƀ@*.012.01518065/E1633 MHz GG{#ƀ@.066/E1712.03436033 MHz $GZG{#ƀ@*.012.05354067/E1833 MHz GG{#ƀ@.068/E1912.07272033 MHz ZGG{#ƀ@*.012.09190069/E2033 MHzO+G߉G$ VUplink: 13.8-14.0 GHz and 17.3-18.1 GHz: GG1HG_GHHotbird 3F߉G_G5 :$xߪk" Hotbird 31 GG'  Generalg _GGG#^@") Designation24931 / 97049A[GRGA#R4Launch date2 Sep 1997m GGM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"RG.GM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseGGG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit13En!.GGM#jB" &HA#R4"Mass at launch2600 kgSHHA#R$ Mass in orbitO>HHA#RDimensionQH1HA#R Solar arraySHHA#R$ StabilizationN 1HHA#RDC power]H/HA#R8$Design lifetime10 years1 H`H'  Ku-bandY/HHA#R0(Main transponders18Y`HHA#R0,Backup transpondersVHhHA#R*Power90 W (TWTA)OHHA#RBandwidthN hHHA#RCoverageN HSHA#REIRP maxRHHA#R"Polarization(SHH$ 1HH1WHRHxHT+HRH) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&HxH# = RHH13HHHEutelsat 3F2IxHH5 :*xߪk" Eutelsat 3F21 H/H'  GeneralYHHG#^$") Designationd#/HHA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Sep 1998m HYHM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"HHM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]YH%HA#R8,Geostationary orbit16EjHHM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeY%HHG#^$Launch siteoKHWH$ The replaced satellite will be located at either 21.5E, 25.5E or 36E8HH' "(Technical dataMWHH0 0:L1a契wSpecificationsKu-band1H H1W HaHHT+HaH) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& HH# = aHH1%2H HIEutelsat 3F3IH H5 :*xߪk" Eutelsat 3F31 H>H'  GeneralY HHG#^$") Designationd#>H IA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Apr 1999H IHm HyIM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo" IIM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\yIDIA#R6,Geostationary orbit7EiIIM#j8" &㰭=HLaunch vehicleAtlasYDIIG#^$Launch siteoKIuI$ The replaced satellite will be located at either 21.5E, 25.5E or 36E8II' "(Technical dataMuII0 0:L1a契wSpecificationsKu-band1I+I1W+IIIT+II) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&+II# = II13I+IIEutelsat 3F4II+I5 :*xߪk" Eutelsat 3F41 I\I'  GeneralY+IIG#^$") Designation`\IIA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999m IIM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"IIM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]INIA#R8,Geostationary orbit36E\IIG#^*" &Launch vehicleYNIIG#^$Launch site&I)I# 8IaI' "(Technical dataM)II0 0:L1a契wSpecificationsKu-band1aII1WI3IYIT+I3I) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&IYI# 53II1~IIQIEUVE5 YII, (" EUVEC I I# @ Extreme Ultra Violet Explorer1 I7 I'  Generalg  I IG#^@") Designation21987 / 92031A[7 I IA#R4Launch date7 Jun 1992t' Im IM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr% I IM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: Astronomy^m I= IA#R:"Perigee/Apogee503/527 kmV I IA#R*Inclination28.4T= I IA#R&Period94.9 minp# IW IM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #210 I@ I% EUVE has completed a survey of the entire celestial sphere in the extreme ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. Spectroscopic observations of individual targets are now made possible for guest observers.<W I| I' *O External resources@ I3I/ ,http://mahler.brera.mi.astro.it/STRUMENTI/euve.htmlhttp://cea-ftp.cea.berkeley.edu/Education/lessons/indiv/dataflow/HomePage.html8| IkI' "(OTechnical data3IQI. *q@ĘBased on the MultiMission Spacecraft bus. Telemetry & command via TDRS. Telemetry: 2287.5 MHz (realtime: 1/32 kbps, playback: upto 1024 kbps)Command: 2106.4 MHz (1/0.125 kbps)5kII1rfcII@IExosJQII5 :,G" Program: ExosAI@I# <Japanese sciI@IQIentific program1IN@I1N@I@I7@I@IH `n!q2q2q2q2Program: ExosExos AExos BExos CExos D7N@IAI15ہAIGAIKFIExos AC@IGAI5 :G" Exos AM*AIAI# TAlso called Kyokko which means "aurora"1 GAIAI'  Generalg AI,BIG#^@") Designation10664 / 78014A[AIBIA#R4Launch date4 Feb 1978l,BIBIM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapany,BIlCIM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_BICIA#R<"Perigee/Apogee634/3957 kmVlCI!DIA#R*Inclination65.4SCItDIA#R$Period134 mini!DIDIM#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 3HZtDI7EIA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZDIEIA#R2"Mass at launch103 kg&7EIEI# <EIEI' *O External resourcesX1EIKFI' bhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/kyokko-e3.html7EIFI1~7ǃFIFILIExos BCKFIFI5 :G" Exos BU2FIGI# dAlso called Jikiken which means "magnetosphere"1 FIKGI'  Generalg GIGIG#^@") Designation11027 / 78087A\KGIHIA#R6Launch date16 Sep 1978lGIzHIM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan{.HIHIM#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere study`zHIUIIA#R>"Perigee/Apogee246/21151 kmVHIIIA#R*Inclination31.4UUIIJIA#R(Period370.2 miniIIiJIM#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 3HZJIJIA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaYiJIKIA#R0"Mass at launch92 kga=JI}KI$ zInitial orbit: probably 230 km x 30558 km x 31 x 525 min<KIKI' * External resourcesY2}KILI' dhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/jikiken-e3.html7KIILI1ہILILIQIExos CCLILI5 :G" Exos CJ'ILILI# NAlso called Ohzora which means "sky"1 LIMI'  Generalg LInMIG#^@") Designation14722 / 84015A\MIMIA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1984lnMI6NIM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan~1MINIM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^6NIOIA#R:"Perigee/Apogee247/331 kmVNIhOIA#R*Inclination74.6TOIOIA#R&Period90.3 minjhOI2IM#j:" &OI2ILI Launch vehicleMu 3S1ZOIIA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZ2IIA#R2"Mass at launch210 kg&I I# 5IAI'  End of lifeV IIA#R*Decay19 Jul 1989&AII# <II' *O External resourcesX1IQI' bhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/ohzora-e3.html7II1}ǃI˂IIExos DCQI˂I5 :G" Exos D9II# ,Also called Akebono1 ˂I5I'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation19822 / 89016A\5IIA#R6Launch date21 Feb 1989lIdIM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan@IIS#v"H̀(d;pl?vMissionScientific: magnetosphere and ionosphere study_dIVIA#R<"Perigee/Apogee264/8501 kmVIIA#R*Inclination75.1UVIIA#R(Period185.2 minkIlIM#j<" & Launch vehicleMu 3S 2ZIƆIA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZlI IA#R2"Mass at launch300 kg&ƆIFI# < II' *O External resourcesY2FIۇI' dhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/akebono-e3.html<II$ 0Downlink: 400.45 MHz7ۇINI1bnNIIIExosat7 II, (" Exosat1 NII'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation14095 / 83051A\IyIA#R6Launch date26 May 1983m IIM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuroper%yIXIM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomya IIA#R@"Perigee/Apogee340/191878 kmVXIIA#R*Inclination72.5VIeIA#R*Period5442.1 mins&I؋IM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #169ZeI2IA#R2"Mass at launch510 kg؋I I% gAstronomy satellite designed to map the position and characteristics of cosmic X-ray sources. The observatory performed some 2000 observations during its operational lifetime.52I?I'  End of life^ IIA#R:"Out of service9 Apr 1986U?IIA#R(Decay6 May 1986&II# <ITI' * External resourcesvII. ,http://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/exosat.htmlhttp://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Archives/Exosat/exosat.html8TI0I' "(OTechnical data8IhI' " SpecificationsY0IIA#R0&Prime contractorMBBN hIIA#RIIIPlatformZIuIA#R2"Mass at launch500 kgXIIA#R.Payload mass120 kgSuI IA#R$Diameter2.1 mRIrIA#R"Height1.35 m[ IIA#R4Solar array1.85 x 2 mYrI&IA#R0 Stabilization3 axisXI~IA#R.DC powerEOL: 260 W\&IIA#R6$Design lifetime2 yearsh'~IBIA#RN"Telemetry/dataS-band (6 W): 8 kbps&IhI# qDBII- *  Low energy experiment: 2 grazing incidence (imaging) telescopesUhI.IA#R( Field of view1[IIA#R4$Collecting area90 cm&.II# c6II- *l  Medium energy experiment: 8 proportional countersWIiIA#R, Field of view1.5]IIA#R8$Collecting area1800 cm&iII# G I3I' @ Gas scintillator spectrometerWIIA#R, Field of view1.5\3IIA#R6$Collecting area200 cmZIIC#V(X-ray energy ratelow energy 0.04-2 keVmedium energy 1.5-50 keVspectrometer 2-80 keV$II" BII1]cI7IcIProgram: ExplorerNI7I5 :4h" Program: ExplorerZ7II# nAmerican scientific program operated by the US Army.B7II' 6 Beginning of the program+IeIg#V#'  (. DateLaunch dateLaunch vehicle'IIX#N#'`81 Feb 1958Explorer 01Jupiter Cs!eIWIR#tB#',5 Mar 1958FailureJupiter C(IIX#P#'`:26 May 1958Explorer 03Jupiter C(WIWIX#P#'`:26 Jul 1958Explorer 04Jupiter Ct"IIR#tD#'.24 Aug 1958FailureJupiter Ct"WI?IR#tD#'.22 Oct 1958FailureJupiter CqIIR#t>#'.16 Jul 1959FailureJuno 2q?I!IR#t>#'.14 Aug 1959FailureJuno 2}%IIX#J#'`:13 Oct 1959Explorer 07Juno 2&!II# 6II' O Sub programsiIcI[         AD (Air Density)ADE (Atmospheric Density Explorer)AE (Atmosphere Explorer)DME (Direct Measurement Explorer)EPE (Energetic Particules Explorer)GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite)IE (Ionosphere Explorer)IMP (Interplanetary Monitoring Probes)1II1UIKJoJ?cII) ",jProgram: ExplorerlIKJ#>iIKJcIʀ```````l`c`d`e`f`g`Āph`i`j`k``````````Āނ`````````````L``````````Explorer 01Explorer 03Explorer 04Explorer 06Explorer 07Explorer 08Explorer 09Explorer 10Explorer 11Explorer 12Explorer 13Explorer 14Explorer 15Explorer 16Explorer 17Explorer 18Explorer 19Explorer 20Explorer 21Explorer 22Explorer 23Explorer 24Explorer 25Explorer 26Explorer 27Explorer 28Explorer 29Explorer 30Explorer 31Explorer 32Explorer 33Explorer 34Explorer 36Explorer 38Explorer 39Explorer 40Explorer 41Explorer 42Explorer 43Explorer 45Explorer 46Explorer 47Explorer 48Explorer 50Explorer 51Explorer 52Explorer 53Explorer 54Explorer 55$IoJ" < KJJ1JJ JExplorer 01HoJJ5 :(h" Explorer 011 J$J'  Generalg JJG#^@") Designation00004 / 58001A[$JJA#R4Launch date1 Feb 1958t'JZJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,JJM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_ZJ2JA#R<"Perigee/Apogee347/1859 kmVJJA#R*Inclination33.2U2JJA#R(Period107.2 minSJwJG#^" &Launch vehicleJupiter C (Juno 1 from the US Army, 18 t, 21 m tall, 4 stages)_JJA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[wJ1 JA#R4"Mass at launch14.6 kgn?J J/ , Rocked realized by Wernher von Braun's team, a german engineer from Peenemnde. He had been working since 1953 at the Redstone Arsenal (Huntsville, Alabama) to design a balistic missile with the help of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.First American satellite: height 1.2 m, diameter 20 cm. It was in fact the 4th stage of the rocket. Carrying 5 kg of instruments (batteries, radio transmitter, Geiger counter).Has discovered Van Allen belts (radiations belts around the Earth) because the orbit was more excentric than expected.<1 J J' *O External resourcesh Jj J' http://milkman.cac.psu.edu/~cooper/TourOfDC/smithsonian/Air-and-Space/MilestonesofFlight/explor.html5 J J'  End of life_j J JA#R<"Out of service23 May 1958j) Jh JA#RRDecay31 Mar 1970 in Southern Pacific$ J J" < h J J1 JJBJExplorer 03H JJ5 :(h" Explorer 031 JAJ'  Generalg JJG#^@") Designation00006 / 58003A\AJJA#R6Launch date26 Mar 1958t'JxJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,J @JM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere studyxJ @J J_xJk@JA#R<"Perigee/Apogee186/2799 kmV @J@JA#R*Inclination33.4Uk@JAJA#R(Period115.7 mine@J{AJG#^<" &Launch vehicleJupiter C_AJAJA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&{AJBJ# 5AJ5BJ'  End of lifeVBJBJA#R*Decay28 Jun 1958$5BJBJ" < BJBJ1BJ3CJGJExplorer 04HBJ3CJ5 :(h" Explorer 041 BJdCJ'  Generalg 3CJCJG#^@") Designation00009 / 58005A\dCJ'DJA#R6Launch date26 Jul 1958t'CJDJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,'DJEJM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_DJsEJA#R<"Perigee/Apogee257/1352 kmVEJEJA#R*Inclination50.2UsEJFJA#R(Period100.9 mineEJFJG#^<" &Launch vehicleJupiter C_FJFJA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&FJGJ# 5FJ=GJ'  End of lifeVGJGJA#R*Decay23 Oct 1959$=GJGJ" < GJGJ1lGJ;HJLJExplorer 06HGJ;HJ5 :(h" Explorer 065GJpHJ# $Also called S 21 ;HJHJ'  Generalg pHJIJG#^@") Designation00015 / 59004A[HJcIJA#R4Launch date7 Aug 1959t'IJIJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/cIJSJJM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study`IJJJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee245/42400 kmTSJJKJA#R&Inclination47SJJZKJA#R$Period765 minm KJKJM#j@" &=v퉂Launch vehicleThor Able_ZKJ&LJA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&KJLLJ# 5&LJLJ'  End of lifeVLLJLJA#R*Decay30 Jun 1961$LJLJ" < LJ7MJ1xf7MJMJJExplorer 07HLJMJ5 :(h" Explorer 071 7MJMJ'  Generalg MJNJG#^@") Designation00022 / 59009A\MJsNJA#R6Launch date13 Oct 1959t'NJNJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1sNJeOJM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^NJOJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee524/855 kmVeOJ%JA#R*OJ%JLJInclination50.3TOJyJA#R&Period98.6 minb%JۀJG#^6" &Launch vehicleJuno 2_yJ:JA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralYۀJJA#R0"Mass at launch45 kg$:JJ" < JJ1klJ;JuJExplorer 08HJ;J5 :(h" Explorer 081 JlJ'  Generalg ;JӂJG#^@") Designation00060 / 60014A[lJ.JA#R4Launch date3 Nov 1960t'ӂJJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,.JJM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_JzJA#R<"Perigee/Apogee394/1331 kmVJЄJA#R*Inclination49.9UzJ%JA#R(Period102.2 min\ЄJJG#^*" &Launch vehicle_%JJA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralYJ9JA#R0"Mass at launch45 kg<JuJ$ 0First NASA satellite< 9JJ1_JJ'JExplorer 09HuJJ5 :(h" Explorer 091 J*J'  Generalg JJG#^@") Designation00081 / 61004A\*JJA#R6Launch date16 Feb 1961t'JaJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1J߈JM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_aJ>JA#R<"Perigee/Apogee757/2433 kmV߈JJA#R*Inclination38.8S>JJA#R$Period118 minlJSJM#j>" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #4&JyJ# 5SJJ'  End of lifeUyJJA#R(Decay9 Apr 1964$J'J" < JcJ1ucJJ JExplorer 10H'JJ5 :(h" Explorer 106cJJ# &Also called P-141 JJ'  Generalg JyJG#^@") Designation00098 / 61010A\JՌJA#R6Launch date25 Mar 1961t'yJIJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUՌJJG#^"H̀Missiona IJJA#R@"Perigee/Apogee221/181100 kmTJSJA#R&Inclination33VJJA#R*Period5013.9 minq$SJJM#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #4&J@J# 5JuJ'  End of lifeV@JˏJA#R*Decay30 Jun 1961$uJ J" ˏJ J'J< ˏJHJ1HJJ JExplorer 11H JJ5 :(h" Explorer 111 HJJ'  Generalg J(JG#^@") Designation00107 / 61013A\JJA#R6Launch date27 Apr 1961t'(JJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/JtJM#j^"H̀_BMissionScientific: gamma-ray astronomy_JJA#R<"Perigee/Apogee480/1458 kmVtJ)JA#R*Inclination28.8UJ~JA#R(Period104.5 min\)JJG#^*" &Launch vehicle_~J9JA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&J_J# <9JJ' *O External resourcesnG_J J' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/pretty_pictures_explorer11.html< JEJ1EJJJExplorer 12H JJ5 :(h" Explorer 127EJJ# (Also called EPE A1 JJ'  Generalg J\JG#^@") Designation00170 / 61020A\JJA#R6Launch date16 Aug 1961t'\J,JM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/JJM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study`,JJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee790/79920 kmVJ^JA#R*Inclination33.4VJJA#R*Period1587.3 minq$^J%JM#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #6&JKJ# 5%JJ'  End of lifeVKJJA#R*Decay30 Sep 1963$JJ" < J6J166J~JJExplorer 13HJ~J5 :(h" Explorer 1376JJ# (Also called S 55A1 ~JJ'  Generalg JMJG#^@") Designation00180 / 61022A\JJA#R6Launch date25 Aug 1961t'MJJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States5JJM#jj"H̀@0pMissionScientific: observation of meteorites_JJA#R<"Perigee/Apogee125/1164 kmVJTJA#R*Inclination37.7TJJA#R&Period97.5 minlTJJM#j>" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #6&J:J# 5JoJ'  End of lifeV:JJA#R*Decay28 Aug 1961$oJJ" < J%J1%JmJKExplorer 14HJmJ5 :(h" Explorer 14@%JJ# :Also called EPE B and S 3A1 mJJ'  Generalg JQKG#^@JQKJ") Designation00432 / 62051A[JKA#R4Launch date2 Oct 1962t'QK KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/KKM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study` KKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee915/96959 kmVKRKA#R*Inclination33.6VKKA#R*Period2157.9 minr%RKKM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #13&K@K# 5KuK'  End of lifeU@KKA#R(Decay1 Jul 1966$uKK" < K*K16E*KrKKExplorer 15HKrK5 :(h" Explorer 15@*KK# :Also called EPE C and S 3B1 rKK'  Generalg KJKG#^@") Designation00445 / 62059A\KKA#R6Launch date27 Oct 1962t'JKKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUKoKG#^"H̀Mission`KKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee306/17610 kmVoK%KA#R*Inclination17.9UKzKA#R(Period314.7 minr%%KKM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #14&zKK# 5KGK'  End of lifeVKKA#R*Decay19 Dec 1978$GKK" < KK1tKE K KExplorer 16HKE K5 :(h" Explorer 166K{ K# &Also called S 551 E K K'  Generalg { K KG#^@") Designation00506 / 62070A\ Ko KA#R6Launch date16 Dec 1962t' K KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States5o Ke KM#jj"H̀@0pMissionScientific: observation of meteorites_ K KA#R<"Perigee/Apogee744/1159 kmTe K KA#R&Inclination52U Km KA#R(Period104.1 minm  K KM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #14$m K K" < K: K1Eu: K KAKExplorer 17H K K5 :(h" Explorer 176: K K# &Also called AE A1 K K'  Generalg KPKG#^@") Designation00564 / 63009A[ KKA#R4Launch date3 Apr 1963t'PKKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1KKM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^K @KA#R:"Perigee/Apogee254/891 kmK @K KVKb@KA#R*Inclination57.6T @K@KA#R&Period96.1 minr%b@K(AKM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #17&@KNAK# 5(AKAK'  End of lifeVNAKAKA#R*Decay24 Nov 1966$AKAK" < AK9BK1t9BKBKGKExplorer 18HAKBK5 :(h" Explorer 18]79BKBK& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 011 BKCK'  Generalg BKvCKG#^@") Designation00693 / 63046A\CKCKA#R6Launch date27 Nov 1963t'vCKFDKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/CKDKM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya FDK#EKA#R@"Perigee/Apogee192/197616 kmVDKyEKA#R*Inclination33.3V#EKEKA#R*Period5666.2 minr%yEKAFKM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #21&EKgFK# 5AFKFK'  End of lifeVgFKFKA#R*Decay30 Dec 1965$FKGK" < FKRGK1uRGKGKVLKExplorer 19HGKGK5 :(h" Explorer 19Y3RGKGK& f Atmospheric Density Explorer, also called ADE A1 GK$HK'  Generalg GKHKG#^@") Designation00714 / 63053A\$HKHKA#R6Launch date19 Dec 1963t'HK[IKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1HKIKM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_[IK8JKA#R<"Perigee/Apogee597/2391 kmVIKJKA#R*Inclination78.6U8JKJKA#R(Period115.9 minm JKPKKM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #24W3JKKK$ fSphere in aluminum (3.65 m diameter, 7 to 9 kg)5PKKKK'  End of lifeVKK2LKA#R*Decay10 May 1981$KKVLK" < 2LKLK1"LKLKKExplorer 20HVLKLK5 :(h" Explorer 206LKMK# &Also called IE A1 LKAMK'  Generalg MKMKG#^@") Designation00870 / 64051A\AMKNKA#R6Launch date25 Aug 1964t'MKxNKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,NKNKM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_xNKPOKA#R<"Perigee/Apogee855/1001 kmVNKOKA#R*Inclination79.9UPOK KA#R(Period103.6 minOK KVLKm OKyKM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #30$ KK" < yKـK1ـK!KKExplorer 21HK!K5 :(h" Explorer 21]7ـK~K& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 021 !KK'  Generalg ~KKG#^@") Designation00889 / 64060A[KqKA#R4Launch date4 Oct 1964t'KKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/qKaKM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study`KKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee191/95590 kmVaKKA#R*Inclination33.5TKkKA#R&Period2097 minr%K݄KM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #26&kKK# 5݄K8K'  End of lifeVKKA#R*Decay30 Jan 1966$8KK" < KK1"K6KKExplorer 22HK6K5 :(h" Explorer 22:KpK# .Also called Beacon B1 6KK'  Generalg pKKG#^@") Designation00899 / 64064A\KdKA#R6Launch date10 Oct 1964t'K؇KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States:dKeKS#vt"H̀(CV$?vMissionScientific: Geodesy and ionosphere study_؇KĈKA#R<"Perigee/Apogee872/1053 kmVeKKA#R*Inclination79.7UĈKoKA#R(Period104.3 minm K܉KM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #32$oKK" < ܉KKExplorer 24HKrK5 :(h" Explorer 24Y3*KˏK& f Atmospheric Density Explorer, also called ADE B1 rK K'  GeneralˏK KKg ˏKsKG#^@") Designation00931 / 64076A\ KKA#R6Launch date21 Nov 1964t'sKCKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1KKM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_CK KA#R<"Perigee/Apogee530/2498 kmVKvKA#R*Inclination81.4U KKA#R(Period116.3 minm vK8KM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #34W3KK$ fSphere in aluminum (3.65 m diameter, 7 to 9 kg)58KK'  End of lifeVKKA#R*Decay18 Oct 1968$K>K" < KzK1*}zKKwKExplorer 25H>KK5 :(h" Explorer 259zKK# ,Also called Injun 41 K,K'  Generalg KKG#^@") Designation00932 / 64076B\,KKA#R6Launch date21 Nov 1964t'KcKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,KKM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_cK;KA#R<"Perigee/Apogee524/2349 kmVKKA#R*Inclination81.4U;KKA#R(Period114.6 minm KSKM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #34$KwK" < SKK1RKKKExplorer 26HwKK5 :(h" Explorer 267K2K# (Also called EPE D1 KcK'  Generalg 2KKG#^@") Designation00963 / 64086A\cK&KA#R6Launch date21 Dec 1964t'KKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,&KKM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study`KsKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee284/10043 kmVKKA#R*Inclination19.8UsKKA#R(Period205.7 minr%KKM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #27$KK" < KK1}6K8KLExplorer 27HK8K5 :(h" Explorer 27:KrK# .Also called Beacon C1 8KK'  Generalg rK KG#^@") Designation01328 / 65032A\KfKA#R6Launch date29 Apr 1965t' KKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States:fKgKS#vt"H̀(CV$?vMissionScientific: Geodesy and ionosphere study_KKA#R<"Perigee/Apogee932/1309 kmVgK(LA#R*K(LKInclination41.2UK}LA#R(Period107.7 minm (LLM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #36$}LL" < LJL1JLL&LExplorer 28HLL5 :(h" Explorer 28]7JLL& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 031 L L'  Generalg LLG#^@") Designation01388 / 65042A\ LLA#R6Launch date29 May 1965t'LWLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/LLM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya WL4LA#R@"Perigee/Apogee229/261206 kmVLLA#R*Inclination30.5V4LLA#R*Period8419.7 minr%LRLM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #31&LxL# 5RLL'  End of lifeUxLLA#R(Decay4 Jul 1968$L&L" < LbL1;6bLL LExplorer 29H&LL5 :(h" Explorer 298bLL# *Also called Geos 11 LL'  Generalg LzLG#^@") Designation01726 / 65089A[LLA#R4Launch date6 Nov 1965t'zLILM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#LLM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`IL LA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1114/2273 kmVLo LA#R*Inclination59.4U L LA#R(Period120.3 minr%o L6 LM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #34Z L LA#R2"Mass at launch175 kg$6 L L" < L L1 L8 LLExplorer 30H L8 L5 :(h" Explorer 306 Ln L# &Also called IQSY1 8 L L'  Generalg n L LG#^@") Designation01738 / 65093A\ Lb LA#R6Launch date19 Nov 1965t' L LM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUb L+ LG#^"H̀Mission^ L LA#R:"Perigee/Apogee667/871 kmV+ L LA#R*Inclination59.7U L4LA#R(Period100.2 minm LLM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #38$4LL" < LL1KLILnCLExplorer 31HLIL5 :(h" Explorer 31ALL# <Also called DME A or ISIS X1 ILL'  Generalg L.@LG#^@") L.@LLDesignation01806 / 65098B\L@LA#R6Launch date29 Nov 1965t'.@L@LM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,@LwALM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_@LALA#R<"Perigee/Apogee502/2857 kmVwAL,BLA#R*Inclination79.8SALBLA#R$Period120 minp#,BLBLM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[BLJCLA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$BLnCL" < JCLCL1ACLCLVHLExplorer 32HnCLCL5 :(h" Explorer 32/ CL!DL# Also AE B1 CLRDL'  Generalg !DLDLG#^@") Designation02183 / 66044A\RDLELA#R6Launch date25 May 1966t'DLELM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1ELFLM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_ELfFLA#R<"Perigee/Apogee282/2723 kmVFLFLA#R*Inclination64.6SfFLGLA#R$Period116 minr%FLGLM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #38&GLGL# 5GLGL'  End of lifeVGL2HLA#R*Decay22 Feb 1985$GLVHL" < 2HLHL1yHLHLLLExplorer 33HVHLHL5 :(h" Explorer 33]7HL7IL& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 041 HLhIL'  Generalg 7ILILG#^@") Designation02258 / 66058A[hIL*JLA#R4Launch date1 Jul 1966t'ILJLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesU*JLJLG#^"H̀Missionc"JLVKLA#RD"Perigee/Apogee85228/481417 kmVJLKLA#R*Inclination40.9WVKLLLA#R,Period25863.5 minr%KLuLLM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #39$LLLL" < uLLLL1AaLLMLLExplorer 34HLLML5 :(h" Explorer 34]7LLzML& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 051 MLML'  Generalg zMLNLG#^@") Designation02817 / 67051A\MLnNLA#R6Launch date24 May 1967t'NLNLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUnNL7OLG#^"H̀Missiona NLOLA#R@"Perigee/Apogee242/214379 kmV7OL LA#R*Inclination67.1OL LLLVOLbLA#R*Period6358.2 minr% LԀLM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #49&bLL# 5ԀL/L'  End of lifeULLA#R(Decay3 May 1969$/LL" < LL1yL,LޅLExplorer 36HL,L5 :(h" Explorer 368LdL# *Also called Geos 21 ,LL'  Generalg dLLG#^@") Designation03093 / 68002A\LXLA#R6Launch date11 Jan 1968t'L̃LM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#XL"Perigee/Apogee1079/1572 kmW"Perigee/Apogee5835/5861 kmWxL/LA#R,Inclination120.9U؈LLA#R(Period224.3 minr%/LLM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #57$LL" < LVL1YVLLYLExplorer 39HLL5 :(h" Explorer 39Y3VLL& f Atmospheric Density Explorer, also called ADE C1 L(L'  Generalg LLG#^@") Designation03337 / 68066A[(LLA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1968t'L^LM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1L܌LM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_^L;LA#R<"Perigee/Apogee670/2538 kmV܌LLA#R*Inclination80.7U;LLA#R(Period118.3 minm LSLM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #63W3LL$ fSphere in aluminum (3.65 m diameter, 7 to 9 kg)5SLߎL'  End of lifeVL5LA#R*Decay22 Jun 1981$ߎLYL" < 5LL1LݏLLExplorer 40HYLݏL5 :(h" Explorer 409L"L# ,ݏL"LYLAlso called Injun 51 ݏLSL'  Generalg "LLG#^@") Designation03338 / 68066B[SLLA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1968t'LLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,LLM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_LaLA#R<"Perigee/Apogee677/2494 kmVLLA#R*Inclination80.7UaL LA#R(Period117.9 minm LyLM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #63$ LL" < yLL1Y|L!LLExplorer 41HL!L5 :(h" Explorer 41]7L~L& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 071 !LL'  Generalg ~LLG#^@") Designation03990 / 69053A\LrLA#R6Launch date21 Jun 1969t'LLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/rLbLM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyb!LLA#RB"Perigee/Apogee80374/98159 kmTbLLA#R&Inclination86VLnLA#R*Period4906.3 minr%LLM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #69&nLL# 5L;L'  End of lifeVLLA#R*Decay23 Dec 1972$;LL" < LL1L9LLExplorer 42HL9L5 :(h" Explorer 42@LyL# :Also called Uhuru or SAS 11 9LL'  Generalg yLLG#^@") Designation04797 / 70107A\LmLA#R6Launch date12 Dec 1970t'LLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+mLYLM#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^LLA#R:"Perigee/Apogee521/570 kmSYL LA#R$Inclination3TL^LA#R&Period95.5 minm LLM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #71Y5^L$L$ jDiscovered 200 X sources and the first black hole5LYL'  End of lifeU$LLA#R(Decay5 Apr 1979$YLL" < LL1|LVLMExplorer 43HLVL5 :(h" Explorer 43]7LL& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 081 VLL'  Generalg LKLG#^@") Designation05043 / 71019A\LLA#R6Launch date13 Mar 1971t'KL'MM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry ofL'ML originUnited States|/LMM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyb!'MMA#RB"Perigee/Apogee1845/203130 kmVM[MA#R*Inclination31.2VMMA#R*Period5957.9 minr%[M#MM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #83&MIM# 5#M~M'  End of lifeUIMMA#R(Decay2 Oct 1974$~MM" < M3M1q3M{MMExplorer 45HM{M5 :(h" Explorer 4573MM# (Also called SSS 11 {MM'  Generalg MJMG#^@") Designation05598 / 71096A\MMA#R6Launch date15 Nov 1971t'JMMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUMoMG#^"H̀Mission`MMA#R>"Perigee/Apogee272/18149 kmUoM$MA#R(Inclination3.2UMyMA#R(Period322.8 minm $MMM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #77&yM M# 5MAM'  End of lifeV MMA#R*Decay10 Jan 1992$AMM" < MM1JM?M MExplorer 46HM?M5 :(h" Explorer 465MtM# $Also called MTS1 ?MM'  Generalg tM MG#^@") Designation06142 / 72061A\Mh MA#R6Launch date13 Aug 1972t' M MM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States5h M^ MM#jj"H̀@0pMissionScientific: observation of meteorites^ M MA#R:"Perigee/Apogee492/811 kmV^ M MA#R*Inclination37.7T Mf MA#R&Period97.7 minm  M MM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #79&f M M# 5 M. M'  End of lifeU M MA#R(Decay2 Nov 1979$. M M" < M M1; M+ MAMExplorer 47H M+ M5 :(h" Explorer 47]7 M M& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 091 + M M'  Generalg M MG#^@") Designation06197 / 72073A\ M|MA#R6Launch date23 Sep 1972t' MMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/|MlMM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyd#MMA#RF"Perigee/Apogee201100/235600 kmVlM2@MA#R*M2@M MInclination17.2UM@MA#R(Period17670 minr%2@M@MM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #90$@MAM" < @MYAM1JYAMAMFMExplorer 48HAMAM5 :(h" Explorer 487YAMAM# (Also called SAS 21 AM BM'  Generalg AMpBMG#^@") Designation06282 / 72091A\ BMBMA#R6Launch date15 Nov 1972t'pBM@CMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/BMCMM#j^"H̀_BMissionScientific: gamma-ray astronomy^@CMDMA#R:"Perigee/Apogee526/526 kmSCMmDMA#R$Inclination1TDMDMA#R&Period95.2 minm mDM.EMM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #81&DMTEM# 5.EMEM'  End of lifeVTEMEMA#R*Decay20 Aug 1976$EMFM" < EM?FM1;`?FMFM:KMExplorer 50HFMFM5 :(h" Explorer 50]7?FMFM& n Interplanetary Monitoring Probe, also called IMP 101 FMGM'  Generalg FM|GMG#^@") Designation06893 / 73078A\GMGMA#R6Launch date26 Oct 1973t'|GMLHMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/GMHMM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study>LHMHIMB#T|"Perigee/Apogee141185/288857 kmmid-1996: 189024/247267 kmVHMIMA#R*Inclination28.7j(HIMJMB#TPPeriod17279 minmid-1996: 17646 minr%IMzJMM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #97&JMJM# 8zJMJM' "(OTechnical datab>JM:KM$ |Telemetry: 137.98 & 136.8 MHz (32 kbps)Command: 148.98 MHz< JMvKM1vKMKM7MExplorer 51H:KMKM5 :(h" Explorer 516vKMKM# &Also called AE C1 KM%LM'  Generalg KMLMG#^@") Designation06977 / 73101A\%LMLMA#R6Launch date16 Dec 1973t'LM\MMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1LMMMM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_\MM9NMA#R<"Perigee/Apogee155/4306 kmVMMNMA#R*Inclination68.1U9NMNMA#R(Period132.5 minr%NMVOMM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #99&NM|OM# 5VOMOM'  End of lifeV|OMMA#R*Decay12 DecOMM:KM 1978$OM7M" < MsM1q`3sMMMExplorer 52H7MM5 :(h" Explorer 529sMM# ,Also called Hawkeye1 M%M'  Generalg MMG#^@") Designation07325 / 74040A[%MMA#R4Launch date3 Jun 1974t'M[MM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUMMG#^"H̀Missiona [MMA#R@"Perigee/Apogee469/125569 kmTMeMA#R&Inclination89TMMA#R&Period3032 minm eM&MM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #87&MLM# 5&MM'  End of lifeVLMׄMA#R*Decay30 Apr 1978$MM" < ׄM7M1z7MMۉMExplorer 53HMM5 :(h" Explorer 5377MM# (Also called SAS 31 MM'  Generalg MNMG#^@") Designation07788 / 75037A[MMA#R4Launch date7 May 1975t'NMMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+MMM#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^MMA#R:"Perigee/Apogee498/507 kmSMFMA#R$Inclination3TMMA#R&Period94.7 minm FMMM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #91&M-M# 5MbM'  End of lifeU-MMA#R(Decay9 Apr 1979$bMۉM" < MM13M_M̎MExplorer 54HۉM_M5 :(h" Explorer 546MM# &Also called AE D1 _MƊM'  Generalg M-MG#^@") Designation08353 / 75096A[ƊMMA#R4Launch date6 Oct 1975t'-MMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1MzMM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_MٌMA#R<"Perigee/Apogee151/3819 kmVzM/MA#R*Inclination90.1UٌMMA#R(Period126.8 mins&/MMM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #115&MM# 5MRM'  End of lifeVMMA#R*Decay12 Mar 1976$RM̎M" < MM1zMPMMExplorer 55H̎MPM5 :(h" Explorer 556MM# &Also called AE E1 PMM'  Generalg M*MG#^@") M*M̎MDesignation08440 / 75107A\MMA#R6Launch date20 Nov 1975t'*MMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1MxMM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_MMA#R<"Perigee/Apogee154/3002 kmVxM-MA#R*Inclination19.7UMMA#R(Period117.7 mins&-MMM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #117&MM# 5MPM'  End of lifeVMMA#R*Decay10 Jun 1981$PMM" AM M1n MTMMEXPRESS (German)IMTM2 40"  EXPRESS (German)E" MM# DEXPeriment REentry Space System1 TMM'  GeneralfM0MG#^>") Designationnone assignedh'MMA#RNLaunch date15 Jan 1995 at 13:45 UTn!0MMM#jB"N , Country of originGermanyq*MwMG#^T"H̀MissionExperimentation of materials^MMA#R:"Perigee/Apogee110/250 kmTwM)MA#R&Inclination33L MuMA#RPeriodk)MMM#j<" & Launch vehicleMu 3S 2ZuM:MA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZMMA#R2"Mass at launch765 kg{:M4M% The payload used a Russian-built reentry vehicle and the launch was carried out by the Japanese ISAS space agency. It was due to land in the Australian desert after a five day flight, but the TVC (thrust vector control) on the second stage malfunctioned 103 seconds after launch, and the fourth stage and payload entered a 110 x 250 km x 33 deg orbit, instead of the intended 270 x 380 km one. This failure was probably due to second-stage attitude-control oscillations that exhausted attitude-control fuel. The reentry capsule decay in Ghana whereas the service module reentered over the Pacific on its second orbit of the Earth. M M% eThe reentry vehicle carried two CATEX materials processing ovens, and three German (CETEX, PYREX and RAFLEX) and one Japanese (RTEX) heat shield material reentry experiments.54M@M'  End of lifeV MMA#R*Decay15 Jan 1995$@MM" AMM1Z;MHMmNProgram: ExpressMMHM5 :2c 9" Program: ExpressMLN> JuMo7U=".Also called GlavstarRussian telecommunication program replacing Gorizont. Satellite are owned by Informcosmos and operated by Intersputnik.Only the 2 first satellites are completely Russian made. New series should start with:- Express A: 1 satellite to be launched in 1999, 12 C-band and 5 Ku-band transponders, payload provided by Alcatel. 2 other satellites are planned- Express K: 3 satellites launched in 1999 & beyond: K1 should be based on a Spacebus 3000B with 52 transponders (32 C-band & 20 Ku-band); K2 should be similar to Eutelsat 3 Sesat and K3 a satellite jointly designed by NPO PM & Aerospatiale. This aHMLNMssociation of manufacturers is known ad the Troika Consortium.HMN( - Express 2000: 1 satellite, payload provided by Hughes, 24 transpondersThe Express slots (reservation names, not satellites) are:VLNSNA#R*jExpress 0137.5WTNNA#R&jExpress 0214WTSNNA#R&jExpress 0311WTNONA#R&jExpress 0440ETNNA#R&jExpress 0553ETONNA#R&jExpress 0680ETNKNA#R&jExpress 0790EVNNA#R*jExpress 0896.5EUKNNA#R(jExpress 09103EUNKNA#R(jExpress 10140EUNNA#R(jExpress 11145EUKNNA#R(jExpress 12155WTNINA#R&jExpress 1399E$NmN" 1INN1NNh.mNN: D\~wJ7J7Program: ExpressExpress 1Express 21N7N1w7N} N=NtN# 4Express' specifications\7NNA#R60&Prime contractorNPO PMs,tNCNG#^X0PlatformNPO Express (similar to GALS)[NNA#R40"Mass at launch2500 kgSCNNA#R$0 Mass in orbitSNDNA#R$0Diameter3.6 mQNNA#R 0Height6.1 mg&DNNA#RL0Solar arraytwin panels, 21 m spanYNU NA#R00 Stabilization3 axisTN NA#R&0DC power2000 W\U N NA#R60$Design lifetime5 yearsxO N} N) Equipped with an advanced Xenon ion engine that reduces the amount of propellant needed to fine-tune the initial orbit and perform station-keeping maneuvers (SPT 100 , 8 units per satellite (including redundances) produced by Fakel CIS).Beacons: 11.400 GHz (power: 0.1 W; EIRP: 14.5 dBW) and 3.800 GHz (power: 0.2 W; EIRP: 9 dBW)1 N N1  NUENF#} N N# FExpress antenna's specificationsh N N#_yxuM  : h   AntennaFrequency bandFunction / Gain maxCoverageBeam widthSteerability (degrees)' N N#N_yxu  4 North/SouthWest/East0 NN#`_yxu &6HTA1CTX / 19.0global17x17nonenone0 NWN#`_yxu &2@NA2CTX / 30.0spot5x57.3/55.5/5.56N/@N#l_yxu &BT`A3CTX / 20.7WN/@N} Nquasi global15x15nonenone6WN@N#l_yxu &>N`A4CTX / 26.5elliptical5x117.3/7.3none6/@NAN#l_yxu &BT`A5CTX / 20.7quasi global15x15nonenone6@NBN#l_yxu &>N`A6CTX / 26.5elliptical5x117.3/7.3none/ANXCN#^_yxu &6FRA7CRX / 19.0global17x17nonenone6BN$DN#l_yxu &>N`A8CRX / 26.5elliptical5x117.3/7.3none8XCNDN#p_yxu 6BP^A9KuRX and TX / 30.0spot5x57.3/55.5/5.5c9$DNUEN* $raSee also the transponder/antenna connection diagram1DNEN1UENHNIN5UENEN# $Express' C-bandYENFNA#R00(Main transponders10YENmFNA#R00,Backup transpondersKFNFNB#T0Power9 transponders of 10.5 W (TWTA)1 transponder (#6) of 65 W (TWTA)=mFNyGNB#Tz0Bandwidthall transponders: 34 MHztransponder #6: 40 MHzFNHNc#a002UCoverage andEIRP maxtransponder #6:global beam (A1): 35.6 dBWspot beam (A2): 46.1 dBW2 quasi global beams (A3 & A5): 28.9 or 31 dBW2 zone beams (A4 & A6): 34.7 dBWn,yGNHNB#TX0Polarizationuplink: LHCPdownlink: RHCP$HNIN" 1HNOIN1UOINKNKN6ININ# &Express' Ku-bandXOININA#R.0(Main transponders2YIN6JNA#R00,Backup transpondersVINJNA#R*0Power60 W (TWTA)U6JNJNA#R(0Bandwidth34 MHzs2JNTKNA#Rd00Coverage and EIRP maxspot beam (A9): 39.2 dBWh&JNKNB#TL0Polarizationuplink: Vdownlink: H$TKNKN" 1KNLN1ULNNNP-KNaLN# ZExpress' transponder frequency chart (GHz)0 LNLN'  C-band<aLNSMN#܀x|xx  < ^` LHCPUplinkTransponderRHCPDownlinkComments1LNMN{#ƀb|xx&(6.00063.675global or spot beam, 40 MHz/SMNNN{#ƀ^|xx&(6.05073.725quasi global or zone beam/MNSON{#ƀ^|xx&(6.10083.775quasi global or zone beam/NN N{#ƀ^|xx&(6.15093.825quasi global or zone beamSON NKN0SONN{#ƀ`|xx(*6.200103.875quasi global or zone beam0 NbN{#ƀ`|xx(*6.250113.925quasi global or zone beam(NN{#ƀP|xx(*6.300143.975zone or spot beam0bNN{#ƀ`|xx(*6.350154.025quasi global or zone beam(NSN{#ƀP|xx(*6.400164.075zone or spot beam0NN{#ƀ`|xx(*6.450174.125quasi global or zone beam1 SN/N'  Ku-band9N˄Nc#r . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkg/N2NR#t*11.5251214.325g˄NNR#t*11.6752014.425$2NN" 1NN1NLN^.NLN0 0^"eExpress' transponder/antenna connections: NN1N̆N%NExpress 1FLN̆N5 :$c 9" Express 11 NN'  Generalg ̆NdNG#^@") Designation23319 / 94067Ah'ṄNA#RNLaunch date13 Oct 1994 at 16:19 UTjdN6NM#j:"N , Country of originCISṅNNP#p<(o7U=OperatorIntersputniko"6NNM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsy,NNM#jX"/ۀ04Geostationary orbitExpress-02, 14Wo"NNM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #227E!N@N$ BTest carried out in 71E slot8NxN' "(Technical data@NCNL hPvva&Ve ꉂSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder Frequency Chart=xNN' , EIRP coverage (dBW)gCN%N> LOt|72t|70t|77t|7C-band, quasi-global (A3 & A5)C-band, hemispheric (A4)C-band, spot (A2)Ku-band, spot (A9)1NVN1VNNk5%NN6 J7"gExpress 1's C-band EIRP: spot A2Add 7.9 dBW for transponder #61NN1NNe/pNN6 <`J7"hExpress 1's C-band EIRP: hemispheric A41N7N1 7NN_)NN6 C-band, quasi-global (A3)C-band, hemispheric (A4)Ku-band, spot (A9)1`NN1 NNk5NN6 "Perigee/Apogee222/35263 kmVO OA#R*Inclination26.4SG O OA#R$Period621 min}0 Om OM#j`" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #111 + IABS O3 O. *1SCadets and Faculty of the United States Air Force Academy, in cooperation with University of Colorado-Colorado Springs have designed this satellite. It was attached to the upper stage.This mission, named Falcon Gold, will be responsible for sampling the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal from behind the GPS constellation and downlinking spectrum samples to ground stations for post processing.<m Oo O' *O External resourcesmF3 O O' http://www.uccs.edu/~dasipple/masters/falcon_gold/falcon_gold.html5o O O'  End of life^ Oo OA#R:"Out of service9 Nov 1997n- O OA#RZCausebatteries dead (normal termination)K o O(OA#RDecayZ5 OO% jEstimated lifetime: 3 weeksDownlink: 400.475 MHz?(OO1P#O O@OProgram: FasatKO O5 :.o " Program: FasatO @O. *Uw6"Fuerza Aerea de chile SatelliteFirst Chilean satellite program. Purpose: remote sensing and telecommunication experiments4 satellites are planned in this program O @OO< OH@O' *O External resourcesf? @O@O' ~http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT/fasat/mission.html1H@O@O1@OHAOi/@OHAO: D^˝3д%=JUProgram: FasatFasat AlfaFasat Bravo; @OAO1@ 釞AOAONOFasat AlfaGHAOAO5 :&o " Fasat Alfa1 AOAO'  GeneralAAOBOT#x")* >w|Designationn/a / 95046AFailed to separate from Sich 1h'AOBOA#RNLaunch date31 Aug 1995 at 06:50 UTlBOdCOM#j>"N ,w6"Country of originChile@BOCOM#j" OperatorChilean Air Force (FACH: Fuerza Aerea de Chile)kdCO\DOM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingr1CODOA#Rb"Perigee/Apogeeintended: 1050 km, polar orbitQ\DOEOA#R InclinationL DOkEOA#RPeriodr%EOEOM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #114`kEOfHO) First Chilean satelliteInvestigation of the failure showed a British docking mechanism had been at fault.The satellite carried five grams of Chilean soil on board. It was to transmit regular information on ultraviolet radiation and the ozone layer over the antarctic. It was also to image the Chilean territory and carry out educational experiments for children with informative bulletins. The other 3 experiments, which would have been regularly carried out by Fasat Alfa, would have ment working with other satellite complexes, for the transmission and storage of data and space navigation systems.pKEOJO% When FACH proposed the construction of the first Chilean satellite in 1993, negotiations were arranged with Mexican, U.S. and British specialists. Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) offered the most tempting deal to the Chileans, offering joint construction of the probe, technology transfer, and postgraduate training for the FACH technicians. The satellite was built using parts built by the Chilean National Aeronautical Company (ENAER), a branch of FACH, along with space computer technology donated by the Lockheed Company of the United States for experimental purposes.8fHOKO' "(OTechnical data8JOFKO' " SpecificationsZKOKOA#R2&Prime contractorSSTLSFKOKOA#R$PlatformUOSATYKOLLOA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgSKOLOA#R$ Mass in orbit^LLOLOA#R:Dimension70 x 36 x 36 cmQLONMOA#R Solar arraySLOMOA#R$ StabilizationN NMOMOA#RDC power\MOKNOA#R6$Design lifetime6 yearsjMONO$ It has a six meters long stabilization beam with a weight in its tail which will unfold once in orbit.< KNOOO1OO]OOOFasat BravoHNO]OO5 :(o " Fasat Bravo1 OOOO'  Generalg ]OO OG#^@") Designation25395 / 98043BOO ONO\OOhOA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1998l OԀOM#j>"N ,w6"Country of originChile@hOaOM#j" OperatorChilean Air Force (FACH: Fuerza Aerea de Chile)aԀOOG#^4"H̀MissionScientific: `aO"OA#R>"Perigee/Apogee269 / 283 kmTOvOA#R&Inclination114V"ÔOA#R*Period90 minutesm vO9OM#j@" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit #29P)̂OO' Sapprox cost of the satellite: $2 millionFASat-Bravo is designed to monitor the destruction of the ozone layer above Chile. The sophisticated satellite will also take images of the Earth's surface and will carry an educational communications experiment for universities and schools in Chile. 89OO' "(OTechnical data8OO' " SpecificationsbO[OG#^6&kdgPrime contractorSSTLWOOA#R,PlatformmicronsatY[O OA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgSO^OA#R$ Mass in orbitO OOA#RDimensionQ^OOA#R Solar arraySOQOA#R$ StabilizationN OOA#RDC powerUQOOA#R($Design lifetime&OO# 1OKO1WKOOňOT+OO) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&KOňO# @OO1 OQOpOProgram: FaisatLňOQO5 :0 K" Program: Faisat!OrO4 6wbOwbOLittle LEO satellite project from Final Analysis. It should provide global store and forward data communications.The constellation of 26 satellites (plus 4 spares) will be operated by FACS (Final Analysis Communication Services). This system is called infosat. Each of the launches can host a secondary payload. It enables experiments to be flown without financial risk (payment after orbit achievement), 25 kg max. FCC authorized on 1st April 1998.FAI plans to launch a constellation of 26 satellites 4 planes of six each at 66, plus 2 birds in individual 83 orbits for polar coverage to build a complete low data rate LEO comsat system; Russian launchers will be used throughout (Cosmos). The network should be fully deployed in 2001.AQOO' 4O Faisat-Coscon agreementrrOWO2 2wbOwbOAlliance (Oct 1995) of Final Analysis & Polyot Enterprises for global mobile and fixed satellite communications. They intend to manufacture and launch small satellites into low earth orbit. The alliance also intends to market mobile and fixed satellite communications on a global basis with service providers to be selected. The alliance is named FAISAT(TM)-COSCON after the planned commercial satellites of the two companies.Polyot will be the service provider in Russia and the CIS countries. Final Analysis will provide training in business development, marketing and sales to Polyot for their commercial services.]OO' They will deliver advanced digital data services (non-voice) to include delivery of low-cost applications for SCADA, asset trackWOOňOing and environmental monitoring, messaging and e-mail.The first experimental satellite is due early 1996. The launching services will be provided by Polyot: 4 dedicated Cosmos rockets (26 satellites to be launched)1 WOO' O Contactb4OzO. ,h  Polyot (Omsk, Russia)Tel/Fax: +7-3812-579-201&OO# 8zOO' "(OTechnical data0 OO' O UplinkP&OXO* "M148.0-149.9 MHz (shared) & 149.9-150.05 MHz with restrictions:148-148.250 MHz: shared with Leo One, Orbcomm and E-sat148.750-148.855 MHz: shared with Leo One, Orbcomm and E-sat148.855-148.905 MHz: may be used if E-sat does not use it, and if so must be shared with Leo One and Orbcomm148.905-148.955 MHz: may be used if S80-1 does not use it, and if so must be shared with Leo One and Orbcomm148.955-148.810 MHz: shared with Leo One and Orbcommexcluded: 149.585-149.635 MHz for exclusive use of Orbcomm until relocation in the 150-150.05 MHz2 OO' O DownlinkXOpO' 137.0-138.0 MHz (shared) & 400.15-401.0 MHz (shared) with restrictions:137.025-137.175 MHz & 137.825-138.00 MHz: used by NOAA, those bands can be used on a secondary basis with time-sharing with NOAA and E-sat137.333-1.4125 MHz, 137.475-137.525 MHz, 137.595-137.645 MHz, and 137.753-137.787 MHz: used by NOAA, those channels must be time-shared with NOAA and E-sat400.505-400.5517 MHz and 400.5983-400.645 MHz: time-shared with VITA's system1OO1OOy8pOOA Rpǥ #aRaProgram: FaisatFaisat 1Faisat 1AFaisat 2V9OSO1w䆟SOOOFaisat 1EOO5 :" K" Faisat 11 SOO'  Generalg O0OG#^@") Designation23465 / 95002Ch'OOA#RNLaunch date24 Jan 1995 at 03:54 UTt'0O OM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*O}OG#^T"H̀MissionExperimental: communications_ OOA#R<"Perigee/Apogee967/1021 kmV}O2OA#R*Inclination82.9SOOA#R$Period105 mine2OOG#^<" &Launch vehicleCosmos 3C_OIOA#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132ZOOA#R2"Mass at launch115 kg;IOO' )This is a prototype of the satellites to form the infosat network. This bird was modified by FAI from an existing satellite bus whose mission was cancelled (probably a DARPA satellite). The satellite also carries a small thermal-control experiment for USAF Phillips Lab.: OO1< O^Ok PFaisat 2vFO^O5 :$ K" Faisat 2V<OO# 2Also called Vitasat 1R1 ^OO'  Generalg O2OG#^@") Designation24954 / 97052B\OOA#R6Launch date23 Sep 1997t'2OOM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"OqOM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[OOA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1000 kmTqO,PA#R&O,POInclination83SOPA#R$Period105 mine,PPG#^<" &Launch vehicleCosmos 3M_PCPA#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132aPP5 8n3x;Should have been launched in April 1997 with Cosmos 2341 Launch cost approx. $100,000 Power problems have been reported when operating in earth's shadowEquipped with a VHF/UHF scanner to map the use of frequencies below 1 GHz.It carries the VITA secondary payload. It enables the delivery back and forth of email through gateways around the world. The payload is based on a Loral RS 6000 Command ad Data Handling processor with 16 MB of storage. Uplink in the 148-149.9 MHz band, Downlink tunable in the 400-401 MHz band, nominal downlink: 400.55 MHz RHCP 1 active transponder (+ 1 spare) of 15 W8CPP' "(OTechnical data8PIP' " SpecificationsVPPA#R*&Prime contractord#IPPA#RFPlatformpiggyback bus (100 kg)\P_PA#R6"Mass at launch114.5 kgSPPA#R$ Mass in orbitu4_P'PA#Rh*Dimension deployed1.8 m diameter x 6.8 m lengthf%PPA#RJ Stabilizationgradient stabilizedR'PPA#R"DC power75 W\P;PA#R6$Design lifetime5 years0Pk P+ $ From earth mobile equipment: Uplink: 455-456 and 459-460 MHz, Downlink: 400.62 MHz and 400.55 MHz, GMSK modulation, with Forward Error Correction, 4800 and 9600 bpsCommand: 148.7 MHz ?Uplink to satellite: up to 19.2 kbps, Downlink from satellite: up to 128 kbps (256 kbps in the dedicated bus version). The satellite carries a frequency scanner to dynamically select free spectrum (1 MHz scan in 300 Hz segments every second)Has an on-board GPS receiver. Data is handled by a RISC 6000 processor, 160 MB RAM: ;P P1䆟 P P PFaisat 1aFk P P5 :$ K" Faisat 1A1 P P'  GeneralY Pu PG#^$") Designation` P PA#R>Launch dateplanned in 2000t'u PI PM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq* P PG#^T"H̀MissionExperimental: communications[I P PA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1000 kmT Pi PA#R&Inclination83L  P PA#RPeriodei P PG#^<" &Launch vehicleCosmos 3CY Ps PA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk> P P$ 4RA Ascending Node: 905s P P1 #* PPHPFAST5 PP, (" FASTX5 PsP# jFast Auroral Snapshot Explorer, also called SMEX 21 PP'  Generalg sP PG#^@") Designation24285 / 96049A\PgPA#R6Launch date21 Aug 1996t' PPM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/gPc@PM#j^Pc@P P"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_P@PA#R<"Perigee/Apogee350/4200 kmTc@PAPA#R&Inclination83S@PiAPA#R$Period133 mino"APAPM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #13iAPBP% 1The spacecraft will probe the physical processes that produce auroras and add signifcantly to the understanding of our near-Earth space environment.<APBP' *O External resourcesBPCP= Hehttp://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/fast/http://plasma2.ssl.berkeley.edu/fast/http://www510.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/fastpg.htmhttp://www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu/fast/Welcome.html8BPCP' "(OTechnical data8CP0DP' " SpecificationsVCPDPA#R*&Prime contractorN 0DPDPA#RPlatformZDP.EPA#R2"Mass at launch191 kgWDPEPA#R,Payload mass51 kgX.EPEPA#R.DimensionoctogonalQEP.FPA#R Solar arrayj)EPFPA#RR Stabilizationspin stabilized, 12 rpmR.FPFPA#R"DC power52 W[FPEGPA#R4$Design lifetime1 yearxFPHP, &Telemetry: 2215.0 MHz (realtime: 4 kbps, playback: 900/1500/2250 kbps)Command: 2039.65 MHz (realtime: 2 kbps)Instruments:Electric Field Experiment: to provide data on plasma density and electron temperatureMagnetic Field Experiment: 2 magnetometers Time-of-Flight Energy Angle Mass Spectrograph (TEAMS)Electrostatic Analyzers (ESA): measurements from 3 eV to 30 KeV: EGP#IP1w#IP]IPJPFirewheel:HP]IP, (" Firewheel5#IPIP'  End of life_]IPIPA#R<"Out of service23 May 1980k$IP\JPG#^H&+CauseExplosed with Ariane L02G#IPJP$ FWas operated by Max Plank INST.E\JPJP1*ހ'JP9KPMPProgram: FleetsatcomQJP9KP5 :: " Program: FleetsatcomjGJPKP# American military geostationary telecommunications satellite program1 9KPKP' O ContactzNKPNLP, (n։Operator: Naval Space CommandCommand & control: Air Force Space Command<KPLP' *O External resources[NLPMP. ,http://www.fafb.af.mil/fltsat/http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/fltsat.htmLPMP, &WSFleetsatcom 7 & 8 carry an experimental EHF package for terminal applications, probably close to the one on UHF and on Milstar. The terminal is know as AN/USC-38(V)1MPNP1UNPŁPPBMP]NP# >Fleetsatcom's specificationsYNPNPA#R0&Prime contractorTRWN ]NPOPA#RPlatform[NP_OPA#R4"Mass at launch2250 kgZOPOPA#R2 Mass in orbit1043 kgY_OP`PB#TDimeOP`PMPnsionhexagonal: 2.43 m (diameter) x 1.27 m (high)With a 4.88 m diameter antennaWOPPA#R,Solar array13.2 mY`PPA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYPiPA#R0DC powerBOL: 2000 W\PŁPA#R6$Design lifetime5 years$iPP" 1ŁPP1 PPxPP( Fleetsatcom's UHF-band (244-263 MHz)Each satellite has 23 communications channels, 10 of which are used by the Navy for communications between its land forces, ships, and aircraft. The Air Force uses 12 of the channels as part of its satellite communications system for command and control of nuclear forces. One channel is reserved for U.S. national command authorities.1PP10!PPPPe 52>>?>ቂ@>ቂA>ቂB>ቂC>ቂD>ቂE>ቂProgram: FleetsatcomFleetsatcom 1Fleetsatcom 2Fleetsatcom 3Fleetsatcom 4Fleetsatcom 5Fleetsatcom 6Fleetsatcom 7Fleetsatcom 8> P(P1V"(PrPċPFleetsatcom 1JPrP5 :, " Fleetsatcom 1:(PP# .Also called OPS 63911 rP݅P'  Generalg PDPG#^@") Designation10669 / 78016A[݅PPA#R4Launch date9 Feb 1978t'DPPM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,PPM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!PPA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$P_PM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_PPA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&_PP# 2 PP'  LocationPPm#:   " BeginEndPositionP%Pj#6"&(L: 9 Feb 1978100W'PPj#N,.Mar 1995Dec 199615W, inclined%P?Pj#>Feb 199772E, inclined8PwP' "(Technical dataM?PċP0 0:Vv8nSpecificationsPayload> wPP1uD#PLPPFleetsatcom 2JċPLP5 :, " Fleetsatcom 2:PP# .Also called OPS 63921 LPP'  Generalg PPG#^@") Designation11353 / 79038A[PyPA#R4Launch date4 May 1979t'PPM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,yPfPM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications]PÎPA#R8,Geostationary orbit75Eq$fP4PM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_ÎPPA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&4PP# 5P P'  End of lifeP PċPWPcPA#R,"Out of serviceyes8 PP' "(Technical dataMcPP0 0:Vv8nSpecificationsPayload> P&P1VЁ$&PpP,PFleetsatcom 3JPpP5 :, " Fleetsatcom 3:&PP# .Also called OPS 63931 pPP'  Generalg PBPG#^@") Designation11669 / 80004A\PPA#R6Launch date18 Jan 1980t'BPPM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,PPM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationso(PPG#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit23W, inclinedq$PkPM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_PPA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&kPP# 5P%P'  End of life\PPA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1995&%PP# 8PP' "(Technical dataMP,P0 0:Vv8nSpecificationsPayload> PjP17D1%jPPPFleetsatcom 4J,PP5 :, " Fleetsatcom 4:jPP# .Also called OPS 63941 PP'  Generalg PPG#^@") Designation12046 / 80087A\PPA#R6Launch date31 Oct 1980t'PVPM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,PPM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsp)VP?PG#^R"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit172E, inclinedq$PPM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_?PPA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&P5P# 8PmP' "(Technical dataM5PP0 0:Vv8nSpecificationsPayload> mPP1Ё&PFP$QFleetsatcom 5NPFP8 @. " Fleetsatcom 51 PwP'  Generalg FPPG#^@") Designation12635 / 81073A[wP9PA#R4Launch date6 Aug 1981t'PPM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,9P&PM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsYPPA#R0,Geostationary orbitq$&PPM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_POPA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&PuP# 5OPP'  End of life\uPPA#R6"Out of serviceAug 1981LPPA#RCauseThe satellite reached GTO, but imploding payload shroud damaged it8PP' "(Technical dataMP$Q0 0:Vv8nSpeP$QPcificationsPayload> PbQ1'bQQ:QFleetsatcom 6N$QQ8 @. " Fleetsatcom 65bQQ'  End of life_QDQA#R<"Out of service26 Mar 1987q*QQG#^TyjCauseLaunch failure (Atlas Centaur)8DQQ' "(Technical dataMQ:Q0 0:Vv8nSpecificationsPayload> QxQ101(xQQQFleetsatcom 7N:QQ8 @. " Fleetsatcom 79xQQ# ,Also called USA 0201 Q0Q'  Generalg QQG#^@") Designation17181 / 86096A[0QQA#R4Launch date5 Dec 1986t'QfQM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,QQM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsp)fQOQG#^R"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit100W, inclinedq$QQM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_OQQA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral8QWQ' "(Technical datan<QQ2 4xVv8nSpecificationsPayloadHas an additional EHF payload> WQQ10)QQQP QFleetsatcom 8NQQQ8 @. " Fleetsatcom 89QQ# ,Also called USA 0461 QQQ'  Generalg Q"QG#^@") Designation20253 / 89077A\Q~QA#R6Launch date25 Sep 1989t'"QQM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,~Qk QM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationso(Q QG#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit23W, inclinedq$k QK QM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_ Q QA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral8K Q Q' "(Technical datan< QP Q2 4xVv8nSpecificationsPayloadHas an additional EHF payload6 Q Q1 ހ'e* Q Q GQForte6 P Q Q, (" FortdA Q Q# Fast On-orbit Recording of Transient Events, also called P94-11 QQ Q'  Generalg Q QG#^@") Designation24920 / 97047A\Q Q QA#R6Launch date29 Aug 1997t' Q QM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesa Q QG#^4"H̀MissionScientific: Z QCQA#R2"Perigee/Apogee800 kmT QQA#R&Inclination70SCQQA#R$Period101 minr%Q\QM#jJ" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL #17. QAQ% Advanced radio frequency (RF) impulse detection and characterization experiment. Emphasis is on the measurement of electromag\QAQP Qnetic pulses (EMP), primarily due to lightning, within a noise environment dominated by continuous wave (CW) carriers, such as TV and FM stations. Optical sensors will augment the RF system in characterizing lightning events. A principal goal is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between the optical flash and the very high frequency (VHF) emissions from lightning. <\QAQ' *O External resourcesR+AQ$BQ' Vhttp://sst.lanl.gov/nis-projects/forte/8AQ\BQ' "(OTechnical data8$BQBQ' " SpecificationsJ\BQCQA#R&Prime contractorLos Alamos National Laboratory & Sandia National Lab.N BQmCQA#RPlatformZCQCQA#R2"Mass at launch212 kgSmCQDQA#R$ Mass in orbitOCQiDQA#RDimensionQDQDQA#R Solar arrayYiDQEQA#R0 Stabilization3-axisRDQeEQA#R"DC power55 W\EQEQA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsJeEQ GQ+ $?First US satellite entirely made of composite materials (the 41 kg structure was built by Composite Optics). It will feature a 10.7 m antennaRF system: receiver covering 30-300 MHz and high speed digitizersOptical system: coarse imager 10 x 10 km resolution Beacon: 401.565 MHz5EQ@GQ1̓+@GQ}GQaLQFR 1= GQ}GQ2 4"  FR 11 @GQGQ'  Generalg }GQHQG#^@") Designation01814 / 65101A[GQpHQA#R4Launch date6 Dec 1965m HQHQM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancey,pHQVIQM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^HQIQA#R:"Perigee/Apogee696/707 kmVVIQ JQA#R*Inclination75.9TIQ^JQA#R&Period98.8 minm JQJQM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #39Y^JQ$KQA#R0"Mass at launch62 kg&JQJKQ# 5$KQKQ'  End of life_JKQKQA#R<"Out of service28 Feb 1969_KQ=LQA#R<CauseStopped transmitting$KQaLQ" 6=LQLQ1 e,LQLQQFreja> aLQLQ2 4"  FrejahELQ=MQ# In the nordic mythology Freja is the goddess of Love and fecundity1 LQnMQ'  Generalg =MQMQG#^@") Designation22161 / 92064A[nMQ0NQA#R4Launch date6 Oct 1992m MQNQM#j@"N ,ˆtCountry of originSwedeng&0NQOQA#RLOperatorSwedish Space Corporation|/NQOQM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_OQOQA#R<"Perigee/Apogee586/1767 kmTOQ?QA#R&OQ?QaLQInclination63UOQQA#R(Period108.9 minp#?QQM#jF" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2ZQ^QA#R2"Mass at launch230 kgQFQ- (w1ĉSuccessor of Viking with instruments for research into the Earth's magnetosphere and the aurora. Carries magnetic particles detectors and magnetic field captors.Cost: $150 million<^QQ' *O External resourcesP)FQ҂Q' Rhttp://www.ssc.se/ssd/ssat/freja.html5QQ'  End of life_҂QfQA#R<"Out of service16 Oct 1996YQQA#R0Causeout of control&fQQ# 8QQ' "(OTechnical data8QUQ' " Specificationsi(QQA#RP&Prime contractorSwedish Space Corp.ZUQQA#R2"Mass at launch265 kgSQkQA#R$Diameter2.2 mk*QօQA#RT StabilizationSpin stabilized (10 rpm)XkQ.QA#R.DC powerEOL: 130 W\օQQA#R6$Design lifetime2 years&.QQ# 1 QQ'  PayloadUQ6QA#R(Boom length15 mt3QQA#Rf,Telemetry data rate250-500 kbps (2 Mbps burst)Z6QQA#R2(Transmitter power2 Wt3QxQA#RfFrequencies400.55 MHz (1200 bps), 2208.163 MHz$QQ" > xQڈQ1̓-ڈQ(QQProgram: FujiNQ(Q8 @.G" Program: FujisNڈQQ% Means "glycine flower"Japanese small telecommunications satellite program1(Q̉Q1.̉Q=Qq0Q=QA R`ATOUO뉂J ;Program: FujiFuji 1AFuji 1BFuji 28̉QuQ1 s/uQQQFuji 1AH=QQ8 @"G" Fuji 1AU,uQQ) "X䵟Also called JAS 1A or FO-12 or Oscar 121 QCQ'  Generalg QQG#^@") Designation16909 / 86061B\CQQA#R6Launch date12 Aug 1986lQrQM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"QQM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`rQAQA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1479/1497 kmTQQA#R&Inclination50UAQQA#R(Period115.7 minfQPQM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1&QvQ# 5PQQ'  End of life]vQQA#R8"Out of servicefall 1989YQaQA#R0Causepower problemszVQۏQ$ Launched with Experimental Geodetic Payload - first multi-payload launch by NASDA.8aQQ' "(OۏQQ=QTechnical data8ۏQWQ' " SpecificationsYQQA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgc"WQQA#RD Stabilizationpassive magneticg&QzQA#RLDC power8.5 W (6 Ah NiCd battery)$QQ" 8zQQ10QQQFuji 1BHQQ8 @"G" Fuji 1BU,QsQ) "X䵟Also called JAS 1A or FO-20 or Oscar 201 QQ'  Generalg sQ QG#^@") Designation20480 / 90013C[QfQA#R4Launch date7 Feb 1990l QQM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"fQAQM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications_QQA#R<"Perigee/Apogee908/1743 kmTAQQA#R&Inclination99UQIQA#R(Period112.2 minfQQM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1YIQQA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgnQQ$ Only operates in analog mode after failures. The beacon has been delimited to sending a permanent carrier.<QQ' * External resourcesZ3Q0Q' fhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/fo20.html8QhQ' "(OTechnical datamI0QQ$ Packet Radio Mailbox and Digipeater, and a mode J analog transponder.jhQQB#T"Mode JD uplink1200bps Manchester coded (Biphase-L) FSK (FM) AX.25145.850 145.870 145.890 145.910 MHz&QQ# {9Q"QB#Tr&Mode JD downlink1200bps BPSK (SSB) AX.25435.910 MHz&QHQ# s2"QQA#Rd"Mode JA uplink145.900 - 146.000 MHz (SSB, CW)?HQ;QA#R~&Mode JA downlink435.900 - 435.800 MHz (SSB, CW, inverting)_QQA#R<"Mode JA Beacon435.795 MHz$;QQ" 7QQ1 s1Q"N ,bCountry of originJapano"QbQM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications_QQA#R<"Perigee/Apogee797/1317 kmVbQQA#R*Inclination98.6SQjQA#R$Period106 miniQQM#j8" &JLaunch vehicleH2 #4T0jQ'Q$ `Only operates in analog mode after a failure<QcQ' *O External resourcesL%'QQ' Jhttp://www.jarl.or.jp/jarl/jas-2/8cQ R' "(OTechnical dataQ RQ8QDR' " SpecificationsV RRA#R*&Prime contractorN DRRA#RPlatformYRARA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgSRRA#R$ Mass in orbit\ARRA#R6Dimension0.44 x 0.47 mQRARA#R Solar arraySRRA#R$ StabilizationN ARRA#RDC powerUR7RA#R($Design lifetimeoJRR% Packet Radio Mailbox and Digipeater, and a mode J analog transponder.j7RRRB#T"Mode JD uplink1200bps Manchester coded (Biphase-L) FSK (FM) AX.25145.850 145.870 145.890 145.910 MHz{9RRB#Tr&Mode JD downlink1200bps BPSK (SSB) AX.25435.910 MHzF"RRR$ DTotal transmitting power is 1Ws2RRA#Rd"Mode JA uplink145.900 - 146.000 MHz (SSB, CW)?RRA#R~&Mode JA downlink435.800 - 435.900 MHz (SSB, CW, inverting)_ReRA#R<"Mode JA Beacon435.795 MHz_<RR# xTotal transmitting power is 1W, of which beacon is 100 mW5eRR1/2R.RRFUSE5 R.R, (" FUSEL)RzR# RFar Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer1 .RR'  GeneralYzRRG#^$") Designation`RdRA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1998t'RRM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr%dRJ RM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: AstronomyZR RA#R2"Perigee/Apogee800 kmTJ R RA#R&Inclination25L RD RA#RPeriodk R RM#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2QD R RA#R Launch site5 R5 R1 0 ~w?vVFUSE will access the wavelength below 1180 Angstroms (the HST STIS cutoff) with high resolution astronomical spectroscopy. No long-term observatory since Copernicus (1972) has possessed this capability. The satellite construction is worth $37 million.8 Rm R' "(OTechnical data85 R R' " SpecificationsYm R RA#R0&Prime contractorOSCN RL RA#RPlatformT R RA#R&"Mass at launchSL R RA#R$ Mass in orbitO RBRA#RDimensionQ RRA#R Solar arraySBRRA#R$ StabilizationN R4RA#RDC power\RRA#R6$Design lifetime3 years(4RR$ 1R @R1Y3 @R`@R@RR @RRT+R`@R) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register( @R@R$ @`@R@R1;4@RARARProgram: GalaxyP@RAR8 @2qq[T" Program: Galaxy]@RAR/ .$Ijg?qOTelecommunication program, now operated by Panamsat. It was previously operated by HCI1ARAR1}5AR!CRLAR!CR {Ӊ7up_b㉂-8up9upb㉂:up;upb㉂Program: GalaxyGalaxy 1Galaxy 1RGalaxy 1R failureGalaxy 2Galaxy 3Galaxy 3RGalaxy 4Galaxy 5Galaxy 6Galaxy 7Galaxy 8iGalaxy 9Galaxy 10Galaxy 111ARRCR1U6RCRFRGRI&!CRCR# LGalaxy 1, 2, 3 & 6's specifications\RCRCRA#R60&Prime contractorHughesTCRKDRA#R&0PlatformHS-376[CRDRA#R40"Mass at launch1200 kgYKDRDRA#R00 Mass in orbit709 kgTDRSERA#R&0Diameter2.16 ma DRERA#R@0Height6.6 m (2.84 m stowed)b!SERFRA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilized};ERFRB#Tv0DC powerBOL: 990 WEclipse: 2 nickel-cadmium batteries]FRFRA#R80$Design lifetime10 years$FRGR" 1FREGR1b7EGRvJR>GRGR# 6Galaxy 1, 2 & 3's C-bandYEGRGRA#R00(Main transponders24ZGR6HRA#R20,Backup transponders6UGRHRA#R(0Power9 W (TWTA)U6HRHRA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN HR.IRA#R0CoverageTHRIRA#R&0EIRP max34 dBWX.IRIRA#R.0PolarizationlinearxIRvJR$ Antenna: 1.8 m diameter with two reflecting surfaces. One surface is sensitive to V polarization and the other to H.1IRJR1B8JRNRG$vJRJR# HGalaxy 4, 7 & 3R's specifications\JRJKRA#R60&Prime contractorHughesTJRKRA#R&0PlatformHS-601[JKRKRA#R40"Mass at launch2950 kgm+KRfLRB#TV0 Mass in orbitBOL: 1692 kgEOL: 1320 kg`KRLRA#R>0Dimension2.7 x 3.6 x 3.1 m\fLR"MRA#R60Solar array24.7 m spanYLR{MRA#R00 Stabilization3 axisf$"MRMRB#TH0DC powerBOL: 6000 WEOL: 4700 W]{MR>NRA#R80$Design lifetime15 yearszVMRNR$ 2 antennas of 2.44 m x 1.83 m: C-band on the West side and Ku-band and on the East1>NRNR1]9NRR?NR(OR# 8Galaxy 4, 7 & 3R's C-bandYNRORA#R00(Main transponders24Z(ORORA#R20,Backup transponders6VOR=RA#R*0OR=RNRPower16 W (SSPA)UORRA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHz>=R*RZ#|0,.LCoverage & EIRP maxCONUS: 42 dBWAlaska, Hawaii: 33 dBWXRRA#R.0Polarizationlineari*RR$ Strap-crossing: transponders 18 and 24 can be feed by the Ku-band transponders 17 and 23 respectively1R@R1~:@RR<R|R# 2Galaxy 4 & 7's Ku-bandY@RՂRA#R00(Main transponders24Z|R/RA#R20,Backup transponders6VՂRRA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)@/RRB#T0Bandwidth8 transponders of 54 MHz16 transponders of 27 MHzN RURA#R0CoverageTRRA#R&0EIRP max45 dBWXURRA#R.0PolarizationlinearhRR$ Strap-crossing: transponders 17 and 23 can be feed by the C-band transponders 18 and 24 respectively1RR1U;R[RRG$RR# HGalaxy 1R, 5 & 9's specifications\RaRA#R60&Prime contractorHughesTRRA#R&0PlatformHS-376TaR RA#R&0"Mass at launchYRbRA#R00 Mass in orbit788 kgT RRA#R&0Diameter2.16 mb!bRRA#RB0Height7.53 m (3.11 m stowed)b!RzRA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedBRRB#T0DC powerBOL: 1163 WEclipse: 2 super nickel-cadmium batteries]zR[RA#R80$Design lifetime10 years$RR" 1[RR1<RR?RR# 8Galaxy 1R, 5 & 9's C-bandYRHRA#R00(Main transponders24ZRRA#R20,Backup transponders6VHRRA#R*0Power16 W (TWTA)URMRA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzn-RRA#RZ0CoverageCONUS, Alaska, Hawaii, CaribbeanTMRRA#R&0EIRP max38 dBWXRgRA#R.0PolarizationlinearxRR$ Antenna: 1.8 m diameter with two reflecting surfaces. One surface is sensitive to V polarization and the other to H.9gR#*xVھSpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chartBNRR1L>RZRRGalaxy 1R failureRRZR8 @6qq[T" Galaxy 1R failure1 RR'  General\ZRRA#R6Launch date22 Aug 1992t'R[RM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"RRM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsq$[R;RM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_RRA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&;RR# 5RR'  End of life_RTRA#R<"Out of service23 Aug 1992FRRA#RCauseFail to orbit because the launcher's 3rd stage malfunctioned5TRR$ "Was an HS-376: RJR1"?JRRRGalaxy 1RJRR8 @&qq[T" Galaxy 1R1 JRR'  Generalg R,RG#^@") Designation23016 / 94013A\RRA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1994t',RRM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"RkRM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfRRG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit133Wp#kRARM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #225kRR$ The launch was aborted on 9 Feb 1994 during main engine ignition and the vehicle did not leave the pad.8ARR' "(Technical dataxARR7 >艀юھSpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chart=RR' , EIRP coverage (dBW)X(RR0 0P!!C-band HorizontalC-band Vertical1RFR1@FRRb,RR6 #*xVھSpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chart9S4S1C4S}S SGalaxy 3IS}S8 @$qq[T" Galaxy 31 4SS'  Generalg }SSG#^@") Designation15308 / 84101A\SqSA#R6Launch date21 Sep 1984t'SSM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"qSTSM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_SSA#R<,Geostationary orbit93.5Ws&TS&SM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #176&SLS# 5&SS'  End of life\LSSA#R6"Out of serviceOct 1995XS5SA#R.Causewas deorbited&S[S# 85SS' "(Technical dataxA[S S7 >#*xVھSpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chart: SES1 ҁDESSEBSGalaxy 3RF SS5 :$qq[T" Galaxy 3R1 ESS'  Generalg S#SG#^@") Designation23741 / 95069A\SSA#R6Launch date15 Dec 1995t'#SSM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"SbSM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseSSG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit95Wp#bS7 SM#jF" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2A #97[S SA#R4"Mass at launch3380 kg7 S S/ ,c㉂Cost: $150 millionUsing a combination of digital compression and tightly focused spot beams, Galaxy 3R will used 24 Ku-band transponders to deliver as many as 144 channels of digital video and 60 channels of CD- quality audio via 24-inch (60 cm) dishes. The service was called Galaxy Latin America. In early 1998 the service was moved to Galaxy 8i. A beam of the satellite was then moved to the US in order to extend the DirecTV programming.8 S S' "(Technical datag Sa S> L⣟M+ھu"]SpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart= S S' , EIRP coverage (dBW)X(a S S0 0PB,BC-band HorizontalC-band Vertical1 S' S'  Ku-bandY S SA#R0(Main transponders24Z' S SA#R2,Backup transponders6V S0SA#R*Power63 W (TWTA)X SSB#TBandwidth16 transponders of 27 MHz (horizontal)8 transponders of 54 MHz (vertical){:0SESA#RtCoverage2 beams (12 transponders each): North AmericaTSSA#R&EIRP max49 dBWXES @SA#R.PolarizationlinearS @S SAS@SB#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.0 - 14.500 GHzDownlink: 11.7-12.2 GHz @SEBS- (c㉂Downlink frequencies where switched from 11.450 - 11.750 GHz circular (with coverage to Latin America and Brazil on 2 beams) to 11.7-12.2 GHz linear (coverage to North America) sometime in Apr 1998 after Galaxy 8i went operational. It is unclear if the uplink frequencies also changed.Strap-crossing: transponders 17 and 23 can be feed by the C-band transponders 18 and 24 respectively1@SvBS1EvBSBSb,EBSBS6 "/ۀ0Geostationary orbit125Wq$SSM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_ISSA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&S?S# 8SwS' "(Technical dataxA?SS7 >艀юھSpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chart=wS,S' , EIRP coverage (dBW)X(SS0 0PB)RB)RC-band HorizontalC-band Vertical1,SS1MSSa+SS6 99W"SSj#D46< Oct 1993early 1994103W#S0Sj#F8:spring 199420 May 199874WSSj#4"&(late May 199899W&0SڌS# 8SS' "(Technical data<ڌSNS) "&#*xSpecifications=SS' , EIRP coverage (dBW)JNSՍS0 04⣦@ⱦ@HorizontalVertical0 SS'  C-bandYՍS^SA#R0(Main transponders24ZSSA#R2,Backup transponders6X^SSA#R.Power10.2 W (TWTA)USeSA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzn-SӏSA#RZCoverageCONUS, Alaska, Hawaii, CaribbeanTeS3SA#R&ӏS3SSEIRP max39 dBWXӏSSA#R.PolarizationlinearR(3SS* $PھC-band transponder frequency chart1SS1PSoSa+SoS6 "/ۀ0Geostationary orbit123Wp#HThITM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #236[HTITA#R4"Mass at launch1397 kgjhITYJT, (Gb㉂Should have moved to 127W after Galaxy 10 launch.43rd HS-376 launchedsatellite worth $150 million8ITJT' "(Technical datazBYJT KT8 @艀юھSpecificationsC-bandC-band transponder frequency chart=JTHKT' , EIRP coverage (dBW)xA KTKT7 >RRRC-band HorizontalC-band VerticalC-band Alaska extended1HKTKT1ZKTRLTa+KTRLT6 T' "(OTechnical data=T{T' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E>TT0 0*XTQC-bandKu-band8{TT' " Specifications\TTTA#R6&Prime contractorHughesVTTA#R*PlatformHS-601HP[TTTA#R4"Mass at launch3876 kgSTXTA#R$ Mass in orbitd#TTA#RFDimension5.9 m x 2.7 m x 3.6 mUXTTA#R(Solar array26 mYTjTA#R0 Stabilization3 axisf$TЅTB#THDC powerBOL: 5800 WEOL: 5200 W]jT-TA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&ЅTST# 0 -TT'  C-bandYST܆TA#R0(Main transponders24ZT6TA#R2,Backup transponders6V܆TTA#R*Power20 W (SSPA)U6TTA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzc"TDTA#RDCoverageconus, Hawaii, AlaskaTTTA#R&EIRP max40 dBWRDTTA#R"Polarization&TT# 1 TAT'  Ku-bandYTTA#R0(Main transponders24ZATTA#R2,Backup transponders6VTJTA#R*Power63 W (TWTA)UTTA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzc"JTTA#RDCoverageconus, Hawaii, AlaskaTTVTA#R&EIRP max50 dBWRTTA#R"Polarization&VT΋T# 1TT1^TVTW!΋TVT6 " &T*TߌTLaunch vehicleSea LaunchYTTG#^$Launch sitex*TT$ PanAmsat will modify Galaxy 11 It will operate in several of the company's orbital slots covering the United States.8TWT' "(OTechnical data=TT' , EIRP coverage (dBW)GWTT> LW$ C-bandKu-band, North AmericaKu-band, BrazilKu-band, Latin8TQT' " Specifications\TTA#R6&Prime contractorHughesTQTTA#R&PlatformHS 702TTUTA#R&"Mass at launchSTTA#R$ Mass in orbitOUTTA#RDimensionw6TnTA#RlSolar array11000 W (gallium arsenide solar cells)YTTA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN nTTA#RDC power]TrTA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsw6TTA#Rl$Station keepingXenon Ion Propulsion System (XIPS)&rTT# 0 T?T'  C-bandYTTA#R0(Main transponders24Y?TTA#R0,Backup transpondersOT@TA#RPower20 WUTTA#R(Bandwidth36 MHz[@TTA#R4CoverageNorth AmericaJ T:TA#REIRPRTTA#R"Polarization&:TT# BTT' 6 Ku-band (11.45-11.7 GHz)YTMTA#R0(Main transponders24YTTA#R0,Backup transpondersOMTTA#RPower75 WUTJTA#R(Bandwidth27 MHzBTTD#XCoverageNorth AmericaCaribbeanSouth AmericaCentral AmericaN JTTA#REIRP maxRTpTA#R"PolarizationZTTA#R2Uplink13.75-14.0 GHz\pT&TA#R6Downlink11.45-11.7 GHz&TLT# A&TT' 4 Ku-band (11.7-12.2 GHz)YLTTA#R0(Main transponders24YT?TA#R0,Backup transpondersK TTA#RPowerU?TTA#R(Bandwidth27 MHz[T:TA#R4CoverageSouth AmericaN TTA#REIRP maxR:TTA#R"PolarizationYT3TA#R0Uplink14.0-14.5 GHz[TTA#R4Downlink11.7-12.2 GHz&3TT# 1T U1Wa U`UUT UTT+T`U) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& UU# 1`UU1bU UUU U6 <@>b"Galaxy 11's C-band EIRP1U=U1Wc=UUUT+ UU) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=UU# 1UU1dUWUo9UWU6 b"Galaxy 11's Ku-band EIRP (North America & Brazil)1UU1WeUUUT+WUU) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&UU# 1U3U1f3UU^(UU6 b"Galaxy 11's Ku-band EIRP (Latin)13UU1WgUU<UT+UU) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&U<U# 6UrU1 /.hrUUX@UGalex6 <UU, (" Galex?rUU# 8Galaxy Evolution Explorer1 UU'  GeneralYUqUG#^$") DesignationUUUA#R(Launch date2001t'qU:UM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&UUG#^L"H̀MissionScientific: part of SMEXZ:UUA#R2"Perigee/Apogee690 kmVUWUA#R*Inclination28.5L UUA#RPeriodg WU UG#^@" &Launch vehicleOSC vehicleQU[UA#R Launch site[ U U' Cost: $16.5 millionGalex is a Space Ultraviolet Small Explorer mission that will map the global history and probe the causes of star formation over the redshift range 0 @UAAU1y;(jAAUAUCUProgram: GalsNAUAU8 @."G" Program: GalsAAUKCU0 .o7U=Soviet direct TV-built satellites financed by The Land Group, a Chinese non-state sector company. On the 2 first satellites, 2 transponders are said to have failedIntersputnik has plans to operate Gals R12 satellites from 1997 on. (5 to 7 years lifetime, 12 Ku-band transponders (27 MHz), 2400 W.Gals R16 satellites could also be launched in 1999. 16 transponders each for DBS services<AUCU' *O External resourcesP)KCUCU' Rhttp://www.lnd.cn.net/TEXT/TEA4B1.HTM1CUDU1kDUgDU_%CUgDU: DJO?O?Program: GalsGals 1Gals 21DUDU1lDU|HU:gDUDU# .Gals' specificationsb!DU4EUA#RB&Prime contractorInformcosmosVDUEUA#R*PlatformNPO Gals[4EUEUA#R4"Mass at launch2500 kgSEU8FUA#R$ Mass in orbitSEUFUA#R$Diameter2.5 m\8FUFUA#R6Solar arraytwin panelsYFU@GUA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTFUGUA#R&DC power2400 Wa @GUGUA#R@$Design lifetime5 to 7 yearscGU|HU$ Xenon thrusters: SPT 100 , 8 units per satellite (including redundances) produced by Fakel CIS.1GUHU1mHUmLU3|HUHU#  Gals' ku-bandXHU8IUA#R.(Main transponders3YHUIUA#R0,Backup transponders[8IUIUA#R4Power150-300 W (TWTA)UIUAJUA#R(Bandwidth27 MHzfIUJUC#VCoverage2 spot beams (steerable):A: 2.5 x 1.25 (2 transponders)B: 1.2 x 0.9 (1 transponder)TAJU>KUA#R&EIRP max57 dBWZJUKUA#R2PolarizationcircularM>KU'LUB#TFrequenciesuplink: 17404.2 - 17883.7 MHzdownlink: 11804.2 - 12283.7 MHzF"KUmLU$ DReceive antenna: spot: 2 x 27'LULU1cnLULU5UGals 1GmLULU8 @ "G" Gals 11 LUMU'  Generalg LUMUG#^@") Designation22963 / 94002A\MUMUA#R6Launch date20 Jan 1994jMUINUM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"MUNUM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!INUOUA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"NUOUM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #219&OUOU# : OU U- */ۀ LocationOU UmLUOUUm#:   " BeginEndPosition' U'Uj#N$@BL: 20 Jan 1994mid-May 199671EUUj#, June 199636E&'ÚU# 8UU' "(Technical dataj3́UoU7 >fD#j⧒&jSpecificationsKu-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)K$UU' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz),oUGUa#X  > TransponderPolarizationFrequencydUUR#t$3LHCP11.766dGUUR#t$2LHCP11.919&U5U# 7UlU1^olUUUGals 2G5UU8 @ "G" Gals 21 lUU'  Generalg UKUG#^@") Designation23717 / 95063Ah'UUA#RNLaunch date17 Nov 1995 at 14:30 UTjKUUM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"UUM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!UUA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"U]UM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #237!U~U% Land has leased the satellite for $9 million a year to Global DBS Company, whose shareholders include the Loral Corp, General Instruments Co and TCI Cable TV Co, all of the United States, and British General Telecommunications Ltd/Asian TV network.: ]UU- */ۀ Location~UBUm#:   " BeginEndPosition'UӉUj#N$@BL: 17 Nov 1995mid-Jun 199671EBURUj#*Jul 199636E&ӉUxU# 8RUU' "(Technical dataj3xUU7 >fD#j⧒&jSpecificationsKu-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)K$UeU' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz),UUa#X  > TransponderPolarizationFrequencydeUVUR#t$3LHCP11.835dUUR#t$1LHCP12.166&VUU# 1UU1pUbUQUbU6 <8"Gals' EIRP coverage< UU1(qUUUProgram: GEHbUU5 :(⧙" Program: GEtUU, &D"Telecommunication program operated by GE Americom.Another project of GE Americom: a set of satellite for global services; operated from Gibraltar. Planned orbital locations include 3E, 6.5W, 10W, 15W and 23W for Europe; 37.5E, 47E and 51E for Africa; and 97E, 100.7E, 105.3E and 108.2E for Asia and the Pacific. The proposed satellites would be used mainly for video programming distribution, including direct-to-home, cable headend and other broadcast applications. The planneUUbUd spacecraft design would accommodate both analog and digital video formats, as well as other uses including VSAT and data networks.1UU1rUdUDUdU] qPdIrRUp@TrRU@TrRUrRUrRUProgram: GEGE 1GE 1AGE 2GE 2AGE 3GE 4GE 51UU1"sUU9dUU# ,GE's specificationsq0U?UA#R`&Prime contractorLockheed Martin Astro SpaceTUUA#R&PlatformA2100b[?UUA#R4"Mass at launch2750 kgZUHUA#R2 Mass in orbit1600 kgu4UUA#RhDimension1.83 x 1.85 x 2.64 m (22.2 m deployed)QHUUA#R Solar arrayYUgUA#R0 Stabilization3-axisYUUA#R0DC powerBOL: 6000 W]gUUA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsiEUU$ Beacon frequencies were intentionally not provided by GE Americom1UU1UtU@UdU1UU# GE's C-bandYUAUA#R0(Main transponders24ZUUA#R2,Backup transponders8\AUUA#R6Power12 to 18 W (SSPA)UULUA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN UUA#RCoverageTLUUA#R&EIRP max37 dBWRU@UA#R"Polarization$UdU" 1@UU1UuUU>U2dUU# GE's Ku-bandYU UA#R0(Main transponders24[U{UA#R4,Backup transponders12V UUA#R*Power60 W (TWTA)U{U&UA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN UtUA#RCoverageT&UUA#R&EIRP max49 dBWRtUUA#R"Polarization$U>U" 1UoU1UvoU V VR+>UU' VGE's transponder frequency chart (GHz)coUU# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkUCUt#0 11.720114.020UUt#0,14.040211.740CU[Ut#0 11.600314.060UUt#0,14.080411.780[UsUt#0 11.800514.100U Vt#0,14.120611.820sU V>UsUVt#0 11.840714.140 V$Vt#0,14.160811.860VVt#0 11.880914.180$V=Vt#2.14.2001011.900VVt#2"11.9201114.220=VWVt#2.14.2401211.940VVt#2"11.9601314.260WVqVt#2.14.2801411.980VVt#2"12.0001514.300qVVt#2.14.3201612.020VVt#2"12.0401714.340VVt#2.14.3601812.060V2Vt#2"12.0801914.380VVt#2.14.4002012.1002VLVt#2"12.1202114.420VVt#2.14.4402212.140LVf Vt#2"12.1602314.460V Vt#2.14.4802412.180$f V V" 5 VL V1m났wL V VVGE 1A  V V5 :⧙" GE 11 L V V'  Generalg V% VG#^@") Designation24315 / 96054A[ V VA#R4Launch date8 Sep 1996t'% V VM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" Vc VM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^ V VA#R:,Geostationary orbit103Wu(c V6 VM#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2A (AC-123)C Vy V* $2:TGstar 1 replacement86 V V' "(OTechnical data=y V V' , EIRP coverage (dBW) VVU x v,[IFkviھSC-bandKu-bandSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chart Ku-band transponder frequency chart1 VV1xVJVPVJV6 <6rRU"GE 1's C-band EIRP1V{V1y{V @VQJV @V6 <8rRU"GE 1's Ku-band EIRP{V @VJV6{VB@V1 }7zB@V@VHJVGE 1AB @V@V5 :⧙" GE 1A1 B@V@V'  GeneralY@VAVG#^$") Designationa @VoAVA#R@Launch dateplanned for 1999t'AVAVM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"oAVRBVM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseAVBVG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit97EjRBV!CVM#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProtoni?BVCV* $~'\gThis is the first satellite of the LMGT and GE Americom. 8!CVCV' "(OTechnical data8CVCV' " SpecificationsXCVRDVA#R.&Prime contractorLMSCVDVA#R$PlatformA2100TRDVDVA#R&"Mass at launchSDVLEVA#R$ Mass in orbitODVEVA#RDimensionQLEVEVA#R Solar arraySEV?FVA#R$ StabilizationN EVFVA#RDC powerU?FVFVA#R($Design lifetime&FVGV# 1 FV9GV'  Ku-bandYGVGVA#R0(Main transponders28Y9GVGVA#R0,Backup transpondersK GV6HVA#RPowerOGVHVA#RBandwidthm6HV5IVC#VCoverageChina beam (8 to 16 transp.)NE Asia & Philippines beam (8 to 16 transp.)India (8 to 8 transp.)N HVIVA#REIRP maxM 5IVIVA#RG/T maxRIV"JVA#R"Polarization&IVHJV# 1"JVyJV1W{yJVJVJVT+HJVJV) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&yJVJV# 5JV(KV1|(KViKVVGE 2A JViKV5 :⧙" GE 21 (KVKV'  Generalg iKVLVG#^@") Designation24713 / 97002A\KV]LVA#R6Launch date30 Jan 1997t'LVLVM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"]LV@MVM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]LVMVA#R8,Geostationary orbit85Wn!@MV NVM#jB" &6E+Launch vehicleAriane V93MVNV+ $ -Satcom K1 replacement. All the Ku-band transponders have been secured for 4 years (with an option up to 15 years) by Primestar8 NVNV' "(OTechnical data=NV/OV' , EIRP coverage (dBW)NVVU x wPvz鉂[IFkviھSC-bandKu-bandSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency/OVVJV chart1/OVFV1}FVVPVV6 <6qPdI"GE 2's C-band EIRP1FVǀV1~ǀVVQVV6 <8qPdI"GE 2's Ku-band EIRP6ǀVNV1 NVV$VGE 2AB VV5 :⧙" GE 2A1 NVV'  GeneralYVVG#^$") Designationa V{VA#R@Launch dateplanned for 2000t'VVM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"{V^VM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsj#VȃVG#^F"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitover asia\^V$VG#^*" &Launch vehicle&ȃVJV# 8$VV' "(OTechnical data8JVV' " Specificationsc"VVA#RD&Prime contractorAerospatiale?N VkVA#RPlatformTVVA#R&"Mass at launchSkVVA#R$ Mass in orbitOVaVA#RDimensionQVVA#R Solar arraySaVVA#R$ StabilizationN VSVA#RDC powerUVVA#R($Design lifetime&SV·V# 1 VV'  Ku-bandY·VXVA#R0(Main transponders36YVVA#R0,Backup transpondersK XVVA#RPowerOVKVA#RBandwidthVVE#XCoverageAustralia beam (8 to 16 transp.)South East Asia beam (8 to 16 transp.)India (4 to 8 transp.)Steerable (8 transp.)N KV_VA#REIRP maxM VVA#RG/T maxR_VVA#R"Polarization&V$V# 1VUV1WUVVϋVT+$VV) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&UVϋV# 5VV1s났VEV VGE 3A ϋVEV5 :⧙" GE 31 VvV'  Generalg EV݌VG#^@") Designation24936 / 97050A[vV8VA#R4Launch date4 Sep 1997t'݌VVM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"8VVM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseVVG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit87Wv)VVM#jR" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #109aVV, (dSpacenet 3R replacement. Tested at 83W. Went operational on 1 Oct 1997Worth $100 million8VV' "(OTechnical data=V V' , EIRP coverage (dBW)V VϋVV VV zQwPvz鉂[IFkviھSC-bandKu-bandSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chartRoyal Ordnance Leros apogee engine5 V?V1%}?VVtVGE 4A VV5 :⧙" GE 41 ?VV'  GeneralYV VG#^$") Designationa VkVA#R@Launch date3rd quarter 1999t' VVM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"kVNVM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfVVG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit101W\NVVG#^*" &Launch vehicleEVUV* $6iSshould replace ASC 2 8VV' "(OTechnical data=UVV' , EIRP coverage (dBW)o0V9V? N` <[IFkC-bandKu-bandSpecificationsC-band1 VjV'  Ku-bandY9VVA#R0(Main transponders28YjVVA#R0,Backup transpondersVVrVA#R*Power60 W (TWTA)ZVVA#R2Bandwidth36 & 72 MHzArV[VN#l*<<CoverageUS, Hawaii, Canada, MexicoCentral-South AmericaTVVA#R&EIRP max51 dBWM [VVA#RG/T maxRVNVA#R"Polarization&VtV# 1NVV1WVVVT+tVV) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&VV# 1VPV1PVVPVV6 <6rRU"GE 4's C-band EIRP1PVV1WV%VKVT+V%V) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&VKV# 1%V|V1|VVQKVV6 <8rRU"GE 4's Ku-band EIRP1|VV1WVRVxVT+VRV) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&VxV# 5RVV1 VVWGE 5A xVV5 :⧙" GE 51 VV'  GeneralYVxVG#^$") DesignationQVVA#R Launch datet'xV=VM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"VVM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationse=VVG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit79WjV{VM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeVV+ $"%ljFirst time a US operator buys the satellite & launch services from European-only companies. This is because the satellite was originaly Nahuel 1B, but was sold to GE Americom. The footprint coverage was modified to cover the CONUS.8{VV' "(OTechnical data=VW' , EIRP coverageVWxV (dBW)5 VIW) "0Ku-band8WW' " Specificationsb!IWWA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale[W>WA#R4PlatformSpacebus 2000[WWA#R4"Mass at launch1760 kgS>WWA#R$ Mass in orbitOW;WA#RDimensionQWWA#R Solar arrayS;WWA#R$ StabilizationYW8WA#R0DC powerEOL: 3000 W]WWA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&8WW# 1 WW'  Ku-bandYWEWA#R0(Main transponders16YWWA#R0,Backup transpondersK EWWA#RPowerUW>WA#R(Bandwidth54 MHz[WWG#^(0CoverageCONUST>WWA#R&EIRP max47 dBWM W:WA#RG/T maxRWWA#R"Polarization&:WW# 1WW1WW7W]WT+W7W) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&W]W# 17WW1WWQ]WW6 <8rRU"GE 5's Ku-band EIRP1WW1WWdWWT+WdW) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&WW# AdWW1P7W W+WProgram: GE*StarAW W, (," Program: GE*Star]-Wi W0 .[D"Telecommunication program operated by GE Americom. It is made of colocated Ka-band satellites. It was approved by the FCC in May 1997The GE*Star system will allow symmetric and asymmetric data communications transmission rates ranging from 384 Kbps to 40 Mbps.Slots: 105W, 85W, 17W, 56E and 114.5E, 2 satellites per slot except at 56E (only 1 satellite)The spacecraft will feature on-board processors that can accommodate large streams of data traffic and switch them between spot beams to provide full connectivity and worldwide coverage. 8 W W' "(OTechnical data1 i W W'  Ka-bandW W) WA#R,(Main transpondersY W WA#R0,Backup transpondersK ) W WA#RPowerO W WA#RBandwidth[ Ww WA#R4Coverage44 spot beamsT W WA#R&EIRP max54 dBW\w W'WA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VM WWB#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.25-30.0 GHzDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHzuQ'W+W$ 11 times frequency reuse through the use of spatially diverse satellite beams1W\W1W\WW @WT++WW) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&\W @W# W @W+W@WL@W1 ЃL@W@WBWProgram: GeizerL @W@W5 :0))U" Program: GeizerL@WBW' Russian military telecommunication program. The satellites composing this program are part of the Cosmos fleet. Those geostationary satellites are located on the 'Potok' slots. Potok was a telecommunication project designed in the early 80ies; was to operate in C-band. Three slots were registered with the ITU as Potok: 13.5W, 80E and 168E.Some satellites could have been leased as standard telecommunication satellites to transmit phone traffic.1@WBW1WBW CW2CWT+BW CW) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BW2CW# 1 CWcCW1(cCWZDW2CWZDWf #6vV ww!w(wfx~%x -x2xProgram: GeizerCosmos 1366Cosmos 1540Cosmos 1738Cosmos 1888Cosmos 1961Cosmos 2085Cosmos 2172Cosmos 2291Cosmos 23191cCWDW1WDWDWEWT+ZDWDW) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&DWEW# 1DW6EW1U6EWuHWHW=EWsEW# 4Geizer's specifications\6EWEWA#R6&Prime contractorNPO-PMTsEW#FWA#R&PlatformGeizerTEWwFWA#R&"Mass at launchS#FWFWA#R$ Mass in orbitOwFWGWA#RDimensionQFWjGWA#R Solar arraySGWGWA#R$ StabilizationN jGW HWA#RDC powerj)GWuHWA#RR$Design lifetimeprobably 3 to 5 years$ HWHW" 1uHWHW1WHWIWDIWT+HWIW) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&HWDIW# 8IW|IW1((|IWIW OWGemstar@DIWIW2 4"  GemstarU2|IWJW# dGlobal Messaging Satellite, also called Vitasat1 IWBJW'  General\JWJWA#R6Launch date15 Aug 1995t'BJWKWM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"JWKWM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsm KWKWM#j@" &bnW"Launch vehicleAthena #1^KWLLWD#X4"Mass at launch150 kg&KWrLW# 5LLWLW'  End of life_rLWMWA#R<"Out of service15 Aug 1995YLW_MWA#R0CauseLaunch failure!MWNW- (;Cost: between $2 million and $3 million, built by CTA Inc of Rockville, Md (base on the Gemstar bus).Was designed to provide electronic mail services and global location services for trucking fleet operators. Was also to be used by VITA<_MWNW' *O External resourcesO(NW OW' Phttp://www.cta-space.com/s26-00.html7NWBOW1=((BOWOWWGeos 3? OWOW2 4"  Geos 31 BOWOW'  Generalg OW%WG#^@") DesigOW%W OWnation07734 / 75027A[OWWA#R4Launch date9 Apr 1975t'%WWM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#WdWM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^WWA#R:"Perigee/Apogee820/845 kmUdWWA#R(Inclination115UWlWA#R(Period101.6 mins&W߂WM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #109ZlW9WA#R2"Mass at launch241 kgN*߂WW$ TMission: Ocean and islands map-making.69WW11WWUWGFO 16 WW, (" GFO 1BW5W# >Also called Geosat Follow-on1 WfW'  Generalg 5Ẅ́WG#^@") Designation25157 / 98007A\fW)WA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1998t'̈́WWM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesf)WWG#^>OperatorBall Corporationm&WpWG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: remote sensingZWʆWA#R2"Perigee/Apogee800 kmUpWWA#R(Inclination108SʆWrWA#R$Period101 minm W߇WM#j@" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus #2[rW:WA#R4Launch siteVandenbergc>߇WW% }Using an advanced radar altimeter (13.5 GHz), the GFO satellite is designed to provide precise information on changes in sea surface heights, eddies and warm/cold water fronts. The data will be used to support Navy tactical operations. The GFO contract was awarded to Ball Aerospace Systems Group in August 1992 by the U.S. Navy's Space and Naval Warfare systems command. The Navy contract calls for a "turnkey" satellite system, and contract options for two additional spacecraft. GFO will follow the successful Geosat satellite that completed service in January 1990.lE:W W' Will downlink directly to vessels. For the GFO mission, Taurus will use Thiokol's Castor 120 solid rocket motor as the vehicle's first stage, and incorporate a larger, Orbital-developed payload fairing, providing a 120% increase in payload volume. Modifications to the Taurus booster, particularly a new payload fairing twice the size of the one used on the first flight, will result in a much more capable rocket. This configuration was proposed for NASA's MedLite program, and another that results in an extra 500 pounds of secondary payload capability for the GFO mission.oWW$ The initial contract worth $115 million calls for 3 GFO satellites, the last one should be launched in 2007< W؍W' *O External resourcespW}W5 :http://gfo.bmpcoe.org/http://osb3.wff.nasa.gov/gfo/http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/met/gfo.htm8؍WW' "(OTechnical data8}WW' " Specificationsy8WfWA#Rp&Prime contractorBall Aerospace & Technologies Corp.VWWA#R*PlatformTechstarZfW"WA#R2"MaW"WWss at launch365 kgSWuWA#R$ Mass in orbitO"WWA#RDimensionQuWWA#R Solar arraySWhWA#R$ StabilizationSWWA#R$DC power126 W\hWWA#R6$Design lifetime8 years>WUW$ 496 MB on-board storage6WW1WWWWGFO 26 UWW, (" GFO 2D!WW# BAlso called Geosat Follow-on 21 W6W'  GeneralYWWG#^$") DesignationU6WWA#R(Launch date2001t'WXWM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUWWG#^"H̀MissionTXWWA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQWRWA#R InclinationL WWA#RPeriod\RWWG#^*" &Launch vehicleQWKWA#R Launch sitevWW& To be built by the NRL, Washington. Will provide wave height, and wind speed. Will downlink directly to vessels.1KWW1WWlWWT+WlW) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&WW# 8lWW1W WWGeotail@W W2 4"  Geotail1 W;W'  Generalg WWG#^@") Designation22049 / 92044Ah';W WA#RNLaunch date24 Jul 1992 at 14:26 UT3WWS#vf"N (,㹌לbCountry of originUnited States and Japant- WWG#^Z"H̀MissionScientific: lunar gravity studyb!WfWA#RB"Perigee/Apogee41363/58542 kmVWWA#R*Inclination22.4VfWWA#R*Period4750.6 minp#WWM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #212I%WW$ JLaunched under the MELVS contract<WW' *O External resourcesWW6 : http://www.gtl.isas.ac.jp/http://spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov/NASA.Projects/Satellites/GEOTAIL/http://hurlbut.jhuapl.edu/Geotail/6WW1 W7WXGFZ 1> W7W2 4"  GFZ 11 WhW'  Generalh!7WWG#^B") Designation23558 / 86017JEh'hW8WA#RNLaunch date19 Apr 1995 at 19:12 UTfWWG#^>"N ,Country of originGermanys28WWA#RdOperatorGeoForschungsZentrum Postdam, Germanyp#WWM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^WWA#R:"Perigee/Apogee383/394 kmVWAXA#R*WAXWInclination51.6TWXA#R&Period92.3 min_AXXG#^0" &Launch vehiclen/aTXHXA#R&Launch siteMirlEXX' A fake replica was launched on 17 Apr 1995 (catnr: 23557).25 observatories all over the world will execute measurements by laserreflections. Stations are among others: London, Grasse (France), Postdam, Easterisland, Graz (Austria) and even one in Kirgizie. The stations can 'catch' GFZ 1 with a beamwidth of 200 meters.<HXX' *O External resourcesW0XGX' `http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/pb1/GFZ1/GFZ1.html8XX' "(OTechnical data8GXX' " Specificationsc"XXA#RD&Prime contractorKayser-ThredeN XhXA#RPlatformYXXA#R0"Mass at launch20 kgShXXA#R$Diameter21 cmK X_XA#RWidthL XXA#RHeightS_XXA#R$ StabilizationN XLXA#RDC powerUXXA#R($Design lifetimeQ-LXX$ ZSphere covered with laser retroreflectors> X0X1҂0X~XXProgram: GGSENX~X8 @.G" Program: GGSErJ0XX( Gravity Gradient Stabilization ExperimentAmerican scientific program1~X!X1!XX@XXO nhAhAhAhAhAProgram: GGSEGGSE 1GGSE 2GGSE 3GGSE 4GGSE 57!XX1pX. X XGGSE 1GX. X8 @ G" GGSE 11 X_ X'  Generalg . X XG#^@") Designation00728 / 64001B\_ X" XA#R6Launch date11 Jan 1964t' X XM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_" X XG#^0"H̀MissionScientific^ XS XA#R:"Perigee/Apogee899/916 kmV X XA#R*Inclination69.9US X XA#R(Period103.2 minn! Xl XM#jB" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena[ X XA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$l X X" 7 X" X1YQ" Xi XNAXGGSE 2G Xi X8 @ G" GGSE 21 " X X'  Generalg i XXG#^@") Designation01244 / 65016B[ X\XA#R4Launch date9 Mar 1965t'XXM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#\X@XM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^XXA#R:"Perigee/Apogee896/928 kmV@X @XA#R*Inclination70.1X @X XUXa@XA#R(Period103.2 minn! @X@XM#jB" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena[a@X*AXA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$@XNAX" 7*AXAX1ptAXAXEXGGSE 3GNAXAX8 @ G" GGSE 31 AXAX'  Generalg AXdBXG#^@") Designation01292 / 65016C[AXBXA#R4Launch date9 Mar 1965t'dBX3CXM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#BXCXM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^3CXDXA#R:"Perigee/Apogee896/915 kmVCXWDXA#R*Inclination70.1UDXDXA#R(Period103.0 minp#WDXEXM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[DXwEXA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$EXEX" 7wEXEX1QEXFXIXGGSE 4GEXFX8 @ G" GGSE 41 EXJFX'  Generalg FXFXG#^@") Designation02828 / 67053C\JFX GXA#R6Launch date31 May 1967t'FXGXM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp# GXGXM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^GXOHXA#R:"Perigee/Apogee903/910 kmVGXHXA#R*Inclination70.0UOHXHXA#R(Period103.1 minp#HXjIXM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[HXIXA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$jIXIX" 7IX JX1t JXgJX7NXGGSE 5GIXgJX8 @ G" GGSE 51 JXJX'  Generalg gJXJXG#^@") Designation02834 / 67053D\JX[KXA#R6Launch date31 May 1967t'JXKXM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#[KX?LXM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^KXLXA#R:"Perigee/Apogee906/913 kmV?LXLXA#R*Inclination70.0ULXHMXA#R(Period103.2 minp#LXMXM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[HMXNXA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$MX7NX" DNX{NX1{NXNXNXProgram: GlobalstarP7NXNX5 :8`" Program: GlobalstarZ.{NX1X, &]PGlobalstar is a low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based telecommunications system founded by Loral Corp. and Qualcomm Inc. that will offer low-cost, high-quality global telephony and other digital telecommunications services to areas currently underserved or not sNX1X7NXerved by existing wireline and cellular telecommunications systems. Operated by Loral Qualcomm Satellite Services Inc.The satellites will be launched into eight orbital planes, with six satellites in each plane to provide continuous global coverage. Commercial service is anticipated 1999.NX#X' Space Systems/Loral has a fixed-price contract for the construction of Globalstar's satellites, which it will perform in conjunction with various other members of the international Space Systems/Alliance, which includes Aerospatiale and Alcatel of France, Daimler-Benz Aerospace of Germany, Alenia and Finmeccanica of Italy, and with Hyundai of South Korea.Globalstar proposed next generation would be composed of 64 LEO satellites and 4 GEO satellites.81X[X' "(OTechnical data2 #XX' O Launches[X\X2 2;p㉂'CMThe launch of the first 4 Globalstar satellites was planned for 1997 from Cape Canaveral, aboard a two-stage Delta 2 rocket. McDonnell Douglas Corp. has been awarded a contract valued at about $50 million for the inaugural launch of the Globalstar telecommunications system. A second launch wil also take place.3 launches carring each 12 satellites will be conducted from Tyuratam in 1998 on Zenit. The 12-satellite launch configuration will be composed of three tiers of four satellites each, allowing each satellite to be dispensed sequentially. The dispensing technology will be derived from previous Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicle (MIRV) development.]X݆X$ 3 Soyuz-Icare vehicles will be used in 1998 (from the Starsem company), 4 satellites each@\XX' 2 Constellation overviewS݆XpXA#R$ Orbit typeLEOb!X҇XA#RB Orbit range1414 km, circularc"pX5XA#RD &Nb of satellites48 + 8 backupS҇XXA#R$ Nb of planes8T5X܈XA#R& Inclination52^X:XA#R: 2Nb beams per satellite16V܈XXA#R* Coverage5796 kmT:XXA#R& ModulationCDMAJXpXB#T *Mobile frequenciesUplink: 2483.5 - 2500 MHzDownlink: 1610-1626.5 MHzGXXB#T (Fixed frequenciesUplink: 5091 - 5250 GHzDownlink: 6875 - 7055 GHzZpXSXA#R2 "Satellite mass425 kgq0XċXA#R` Coverageall longitudes, 74N - 74S latitudesd#SX(XA#RF &Operational date1999 (planned)&ċXNX# 1(XX1UXߍXXANXX) "0xProgram: GlobalstarXߍX#㬝QP㭝QP㮝QP㯝QP㱝QP㳝QP{}{}Globalstar 1Globalstar 2Globalstar 3Globalstar 4Globalstar 6Globalstar 8Globalstar 14Globalstar 15$XX" 1ߍX4X14X#XAXuX# <Globalstar's specificationsj)4XߎXA#RR&Prime contractorSpace Systems/Loral YuX8XA#R0PlatformGlobalstar?ZߎXXA#R2"Mass at launch450 kgS8X XA#R$ Mass in orbitX XXTX`XA#R&Dry mass400 kg` XXA#R>Dimensiontrapezoidal shape]`XXA#R8Solar array10.75 m spanx7XXA#Rn Stabilization3 axis (orbit determination with GPS)YXXA#R0DC powerBOL: 1100 W^XLXA#R:$Design lifetime7.5 yearsX#X% eSatellites are built by Alenia Spazio in Rome. The structure and thermic control is built by Aerospatiale, the payload by Alcatel and the propulsion and solar arrays by Dasa.1LXTX1TXX:#XX# .Globalstar's payloada TXXA#R@Capacity2800 phone circuitsSXBXA#R$Voice9600 bpsL XXA#R FaxyesRBXXA#R"Data9600 bpsGXhXA#R Mobile uplink2483.5 - 2500 MHz via 91-element phased-array antennaIXXA#R$Mobile downlink1610 - 1626.5 MHz via 61-element phased-array antennac"hXUXA#RD"Gateway uplink5091 - 5250 MHze$XXA#RH&Gateway downlink6875 - 7055 MHzK'UXX$ NCompatible with GSM, CDMA and AMPS.= XBX1BXXxXGlobalstar 1IXX5 :*`" Globalstar 11 BXX'  Generalg X#XG#^@") Designation25162 / 98008A\XXA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1998t'#XXM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"XbXM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[XXA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTbXXA#R&Inclination52L X]XA#RPeriodp#XXM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #253&]XX# 8X+X' "(Technical dataMXxX0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayload= +XX1΂XX YGlobalstar 2IxXX5 :*`" Globalstar 21 X/X'  Generalg XXG#^@") Designation25163 / 98008B\/XXA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1998t'XfXM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"XXM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[fX0XA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTXXA#R&Inclination52L 0XXA#RPeriodp#X@XM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #253&XfX# 8@XX' "(Technical dataMfX Y0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayloadX YxX= XIY1/IYYYGlobalstar 3I YY5 :*`" Globalstar 31 IYY'  Generalg Y*YG#^@") Designation25164 / 98008C\YYA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1998t'*YYM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"YiYM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[YYA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTiYYA#R&Inclination52L YdYA#RPeriodp#YYM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #253&dYY# 8Y2Y' "(Technical dataMYY0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayload= 2YY1^YYYGlobalstar 4IYY5 :*`" Globalstar 41 Y6Y'  Generalg YYG#^@") Designation25165 / 98008D\6YYA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1998t'YmYM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"YYM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[mY7YA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTYYA#R&Inclination52L 7YYA#RPeriodp#YGYM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #253&YmY# 8GYY' "(Technical dataMmYY0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayload= Y/ Y1// Yx Ye YGlobalstar 6IYx Y5 :*`" Globalstar 61 / Y Y'  Generalg x Y YG#^@") Designation25306 / 98023A\ Yl YA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1998t' Y YM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"l YO YM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[ Y YA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTO Y YA#R&Inclination52L YJ YA#RPeriodp# Y YM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #256&J Y Y# 8 Y Y' "(Technical dataM Ye Y0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayload=  Y Y1/^r Y YAYGlobalstar 8Ie Y Y5 :*`" Globalstar 81 YY'  Generalg YYG#^@") Designation25307 / 98023B\YYA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1998t'YSYM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"YYM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[SY)@YA#R4"Y)@Ye YPerigee/Apogee1400 kmTY}@YA#R&Inclination52L )@Y@YA#RPeriodp#}@Y9AYM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #258&@Y_AY# 89AYAY' "(Technical dataM_AYAY0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayload> AY"BY1"BYlBYYFYGlobalstar 14JAYlBY5 :,`" Globalstar 141 "BYBY'  Generalg lBYCYG#^@") Designation25308 / 98023C\BY`CYA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1998t'CYCYM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"`CYCDYM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[CYDYA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTCDYDYA#R&Inclination52L DY>EYA#RPeriodp#DYEYM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #256&>EYEY# 8EY FY' "(Technical dataMEYYFY0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayload> FYFY1rFYFYJYGlobalstar 15JYFYFY5 :,`" Globalstar 151 FYGY'  Generalg FYyGYG#^@") Designation25309 / 98023D\GYGYA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1998t'yGYIHYM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"GYHYM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications[IHYIYA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1400 kmTHYgIYA#R&Inclination52L IYIYA#RPeriodp#gIY#JYM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #256&IYIJY# 8#JYJY' "(Technical dataMIJYJY0 0:x ⍿SpecificationsPayloadAJYKY1FKKYXKYGYProgram: GlonassIJYXKY2 40"  Program: GlonassKY!LY/ ,5 qiGlobal'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya SistemaRussian navigation program part of the Cosmos constellation. The satellites carry an atomic clock.:XKY[LY' &O Planes and slotsk!LYLY$ The Glonass series orbit in three distinct planes that are 120 deg apart. Each plane has eight "slots".)[LYMYx#RQ  & < SlotPlane 1Plane 2Plane 3LYNYi#:Q%x261771 (Cosmos 2179)MYNYi#:Q,x262757 (Cosmos 2235)NYOYi#:Q-x263763 (Cosmos 2294)NYOYi#:Q-x264762 (Cosmos 2296)OY5Yi#:Q{$x2OY5YJY65249 (Cosmos 2111)OYYi#:Q-x266764 (Cosmos 2295)5YAYi#:Q,x267759 (Cosmos 2236)YǁYi#:Q%x268769 (Cosmos 2178)5AYqYu#jQ. 3x3xd9776 (Cosmos 2323) / 778 (Cosmos 2324) ǁYYo#@Q "2x:10781 (Cosmos 2317) qYYo#@Q "2x:11785 (Cosmos 2318)YYi#<Q ,x812767 (Cosmos 2287) YYo#@Q "3x:13782 (Cosmos 2325)Y,Yi#<Q ,x814770 (Cosmos 2288) YYo#@Q "2x:15780 (Cosmos 2316),YBYi#<Q ,x816775 (Cosmos 2289)YɆYi#<Q ,x17760 (Cosmos 2275)BYPYi#<Q ,x18758 (Cosmos 2277)ɆYۇYl#>Q "x4x19777 (Cosmos 2309)PYbYi#<Q v4x20765 (Cosmos 2307)ۇYYi#<Q ;-x21756 (Cosmos 2205)bYpYi#<Q w4x22766 (Cosmos 2308)YYi#<Q ,x23761 (Cosmos 2276)pY~Yi#<Q :-x24774 (Cosmos 2204)&YY# <~YY' *O External resources|NY\Y. ,http://www.rssi.ru/SFCSIC/SFCSIC_main.htmlhttp://satnav.atc.ll.mit.edu/8YY' "(Technical dataM\Y#YB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channel$YGY" 1#YxY1WxY̌YYT+GY̌Y) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&xYY# = ̌Y/Y1҂/Y|YYProgram: GMSMY|Y8 @,c%" Program: GMS /YY+ $ Geostationary Meteorological Satellite, also called Himawari which means "sunflower"Japanese Meteorology Agency satellite programOriginated as Japan's contribution to the international GARP and WWW programs. The satellites are designed to observe cloud cover, land and sea surface and cloud-top temperature, image acquisition, distribution of image data and other met info, collection and relay of weather data from data collection platforms (DCPs) - land, sea and airborne.1 |YY' O ContactzTY@Y& Ministry of Transport2-1-3 KasY@YYumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, TokyoTel: +81-03-3212-8341<Y|Y' *O External resourcesi;@YY. ,vhttp://www.jwa.go.jp/gms.htmlhttp://www.kishou.go.jp1|YY1YY:YYO ntvSTTTTTProgram: GMSGMS 1GMS 2GMS 3GMS 4GMS 51YY1UYYY:Y Y# .GMS's specifications`YjYA#R>0&Prime contractorHughes/NECT YYA#R&0PlatformHS 378ZjYYA#R20"Mass at launch682 kgTYlYA#R&0Diameter2.15 mRYYA#R"0Height3.45 mb!lY YA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedSYsYA#R$0DC power291 W\ YYA#R60$Design lifetime5 years$sYY" 1Y$Y1K$Y>Y3YWY#  GMS's payload]0$YY- *`  VISSR (Visible and IR Spin Scan Radiometer)w5WY+YB#Tj4Wavebands0.5-0.75 m (visible)10.5-12.5 m (IR)j(YYB#TP4Resolutionvisible: 1.25 kmIR: 5 kms2+YYA#Rd42Image repeat frequency30 minutes (full Earth)&Y.Y# Q$YY- *HO  SEM (Space Environment Monitor).YY< F    Solar particle flux measurement; XRS (Solar X-ray Sensor); ion chamber sensitive in 2 bands; EPS (Energetic Particle Sensor); detector groups for electron, proton and alpha particle flux.DYY' :O Communications instrumentsy@Y>Y9 B    WEFAX (Weather Facsimile)DCS (Data Collection System)6YtY1ctYYYGMS 1F>YY8 @c%" GMS 1<tYY# 2Also called Himawari 11 Y'Y'  Generalg YYG#^@") Designation10143 / 77065A\'YYA#R6Launch date14 Jul 1977lYVYM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanhYYM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorology^VYYA#R:,Geostationary orbit140Es&YYM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #132&YY# 5YY'  End of lifeWYAYA#R,"Out of serviceyes&YgY# 8AYY' "(Technical dataMgYY0 0:EC(7SpecificationsPayload6Y"Y1wy"YhYZGMS 2FYhY8 @c%" GMS 2<"YY# 2Also called Himawari 21 hYY'  Generalg Y"N ,bCountry of originJapaYZYnhYxZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorology^ZZA#R:,Geostationary orbit140EfxZ<ZM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2&ZbZ# 5<ZZ'  End of lifeWbZZA#R,"Out of serviceyes&ZZ# 8ZLZ' "(Technical dataMZZ0 0:EC(7SpecificationsPayload6LZZ1~ZZg ZGMS 3FZZ8 @c%" GMS 3<ZQZ# 2Also called Himawari 31 ZZ'  Generalg QZZG#^@") Designation15152 / 84080A[ZDZA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1984lZZM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanhDZZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!ZzZA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowfZZM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2&zZZ# 2 Z8Z'  LocationZZm#:   " BeginEndPosition8ZGZj#6"&(L: 2 Aug 1984140EZZj#<,.Feb 1995Jun 1995120E&GZZ# 5Z*Z'  End of life\ZZA#R6"Out of serviceJul 1995&*ZZ# 8ZZ' "(Technical dataQZg Z2 4EC(7SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency-bands: UHF or VHF, L and S-band6Z Z17 Z ZZGMS 4Fg Z Z8 @c%" GMS 4< Z Z# 2Also called Himawari 41 ZP Z'  Generalg  Z ZG#^@") Designation20217 / 89070A[P Z ZA#R4Launch date5 Sep 1989l Z~ ZM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanh Z ZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!~ ZH ZA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowf Z ZM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1&H Z Z# : Z Z- */ۀ Location Z Zm#:   " BeginEndPosition' Z)Zj#N">@L: 5 Sep 1989mid-Jun 1995140E ZZj#@Aug 1995120E, inclined&)ZZ# 8ZZ' "(Technical dataQZZ2 4EC(7SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency-bands: UHF or VHF, L and S-band6ZZ1I~Z@Z1EZGMS 5FZ@Z8 @c%"Z@ZZ GMS 5<ZX@Z# 2Also called Himawari 51 @Z@Z'  Generalg X@Z@ZG#^@") Designation23522 / 95011B\@ZLAZA#R6Launch date17 Mar 1995l@ZAZM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanhLAZ BZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyp)AZBZG#^R"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit140E, inclinedf BZBZM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH29BZ/CZ$ *Tested in 159.5E8BZgCZ' "(Technical data/CZ1EZ7 <'EC(7SpecificationsPayloadThe spacecraft spins at 100 rpm. It carries a Star 27 solid motor which placed it in geostationary orbit.The satellite can produce a new image of the Earth every 25 minutes(resolution of 1.25 km (visible) and 5.0 km (infrared)). GMS-5 carries an extra infrared channel to measure atmospheric water-vapour distribution.Downlink frequency-bands: UHF or VHF, L and S-band> gCZoEZ1KÄ(oEZEZ?IZProgram: GoesN1EZEZ8 @.G" Program: GoesoEZFZ5 83  l^gGeostationary Operational Environmental SatelliteAmerican program developed for GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) and operated by NOAA<EZFZ' *O External resourcesFZGZ6 :http://www.goes.noaa.gov/http://www.nnic.noaa.gov/SOCC/SOCC_Home.htmlhttp://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/EBB/ml/goes.htmlFZ?IZ% 5Notes: the imager and sounder sensors of Goes N and O (planned not before 2002) will be provided by ITT DEFENSE & ELECTRONICS (contract worth $177 million) Goes N to Q should have a solar X-ray imager built by Lockheed Martin. The Goes N and O satellites will be designed by Hughes, the contract is worth $423 million An option for Goes P and Q is available for $191 million and $185 million respectively.1GZpIZ1MpIZJZ?IZJZ ހ) L......O'B...㝖.㔖.㕖.Program: GoesGoes 01Goes 02Goes 03Goes 04Goes 05Goes 06Goes GGoes 07Goes 08Goes 09Goes 10Goes 11Goes 121pIZJZ1UJZMZ:MZAJZJZ# <Goes 6 & 7's specifications\JZZKZA#R60&Prime contractorHughesZJZKZA#R20"Mass at launch835 kgRZKZLZA#R"0Length2.16 mRKZXLZA#R"0Height3.53 mb!LZLZA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilized\XLZMZA#R60$Design lifetime5 years$LZ:MZ" 1MZkMZ1kMZςZ::MZMZ# .Goes 6 & 7's payloadwJkMZNZ- *  VAS (VISSR (Visible and IR Spin Scan Radiometer) Atmospheric Sounder)MZNZE#X%Wavebands0.55-075 m (visible): 8 channels3.7-7.3 m (near IR): 2 channels7.7-14.7 m (mid IR): 2 channels6.7-14.7 m (mid IR): 2 channelsv4NZiOZB#ThResolutionvisible: 1, 2, 4 and 8 kmIR: 8-14 kmDNZ ZB#T2Image repeat frequencyfull Earth: 30 minutessectors: 3 minutesiOZ Z:MZiOZÀZ% %Also equipped with 12 IR channels in a detector array for measurement of 3D structure of atmospheric temperature and water vapor distribution.Q$ ZZ- *HO  SEM (Space Environment Monitor)ÀZZ< F    Measures solar particule flux: XRS (Solar X-ray Sensor); ion chamber sensitive in 2 bands; EPS (Energetic Particle Sensor); 3 detector groups for electron, proton and alpha particle flux.DZZZ' :O Communications instrumentsu?ZςZ6 <~   WEFAX (Weather Facsimile)DCS (Data Collection System)1ZZZ1Z\Z[8ςZ[Z# pGoes 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12's specifications (Goes Next)i(ZăZA#RP0&Prime contractorSpace Systems/Loral[[ZZA#R40"Mass at launch2300 kgYăZxZA#R00 Stabilization3 axis\ZԄZA#R60$Design lifetime5 yearsbxZ\Z& Telemetry: 2209.086 & 2208.586 MHz (2 kbps)Command: 2034.2 MHz (250 bps)Data: 1694.0 MHz MHz1ԄZZ1QZZT1\ZZ# bGoes 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12's payload (Goes Next)O(Z0Z' P Imager (5-channel imaging radiometer)o.ZZA#R\Wavebands3.7, 6.7, 10.7, 12: visible, IRg%0ZZB#TJResolutionvisible: 1 kmIR: 4 km&Z,Z# DZpZ' : Sounder (vertical sounder)r0,ZZB#T`Wavebandsvisible: 1 channelIR: 18 channelsg%pZIZB#TJResolutionvisible: 1 kmIR: 2 km&ZoZ# Q$IZZ- *HO  SEM (Space Environment Monitor)oZZ: BI    XRS (Solar X-ray Sensor): ion chamber sensitive in 2 bandsEPS (Energetic Particle Sensor): 3 detector groups for electron, proton and alpha particle fluxDZZ' :O Communications instrumentsZZE X     qWEFAX (Weather Facsimile)DCS (Data Collection System)Also equipped with SXI (Solar X-ray Imager) and a Sarsat repeter.8ZZ1ĀZ-ZZGoes 01HZ-Z8 @"G" Goes 01vZ΋Z+ &"SAlso called SMS 3 or Goes A3rd satellite of the SMS series and first operational satellite operated by the NOAA1 -ZZ'  Generalg ΋ZfZG#^@") Designation08366 / 75100A\ZŒZA#R6Launch date16 Oct 1975t'fZ6ZM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshŒZZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!6ZZA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&ZsZM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #116d#Z׎ZA#RF"Mass at launch627 kg (294 kg?)=sZZ$ 2Visible and IR photos2 ׎ZFZ'  LocationZЏZm#:   " BeginEndPositionFZaZj#6ЏZaZZ$(*L: 16 Oct 197560Ew ЏZZj# 90WxaZPZj# 115WxZZj# 135W.PZ`Zj#\"$29 Jun 199181.2W; inclination: 10.5&ZZ# 5`ZZ'  End of lifeWZZA#R,"Out of serviceyes&Z8Z# 8ZpZ' "(OTechnical dataV28ZZ$ dBuilt by Ford AerospaceTransmits on 136.38 MHz8pZZ1svZFZZGoes 02HZFZ8 @"G" Goes 028Z~Z# *Also called Goes B1 FZZ'  Generalg ~ZZG#^@") Designation10061 / 77048A\ZrZA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1977t'ZZM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshrZNZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!ZZA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&NZ#ZM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #131 Z0Z% The satellite has been reactivated in 1995 to transmit educational programming in S-band. Used by the NSF to transmit live television broadcasts from its South Pole Station to public broadcasting facilities in the United States.: #ZjZ- */ۀ Location0ZZm#:   " BeginEndPositionjZzZj#8$(*L: 16 Oct 1975105W,ZZj#X"$24 Oct 1993136W, inclination: 9.49zZZp#r /ۉ?see the Clarke Belt chart for latest location&ZZ# 8ZZ' "(OTechnical dataqMZZ$ Built by Ford AerospaceDownlink frequency: 136.38, 1691 and 2297.5925 MHz8ZZ1Ā@ZZZ[Goes 03HZZ8 @"G" Goes 038Z@Z# *Also called Goes C1 ZqZ'  Generalg @ZZG#^@") Designation10953 / 78062A\qZ4ZA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1978t'ZZM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh4ZZM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!ZrZA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&ZZM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #142rZZ% The satellite has been reactivated in 1995 to transmit educational programming in S-band. Used by the University of Hawaii to transmit educational programming throughout the Hawaiian Islands.2 Z ['  LocationZ [ZZ[m#:   " BeginEndPosition [[j#6$(*L: 16 Jun 197860E,[[j#X"$24 Oct 1993176.2W, inclination: 8'[B[j#N.0~Jan 1995Jan 1996drifting East([[j#PFeb 1996103W, inclination: 11&B[[# 5[/['  End of life\[[A#R6"Out of serviceprobably&/[[# 8[[' "(OTechnical dataqM[Z[$ Built by Ford AerospaceDownlink frequency: 136.38, 1691 and 2297.5925 MHz8[[1N|[[[Goes 04HZ[[8 @"G" Goes 048[[# *Also called Goes D1 [C['  Generalg [[G#^@") Designation11964 / 80074A[C[[A#R4Launch date9 Sep 1980t'[y[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh[[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorology^y[?[A#R:,Geostationary orbit135Ws&[[M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #152&?[[# 5[ ['  End of lifeW[d[A#R,"Out of serviceyes& [[# 8d[[' "(OTechnical data5[[# $Built by Hughes8[/ [1@!/ [w [_[Goes 05H[w [8 @"G" Goes 058/ [ [# *Also called Goes E1 w [ ['  Generalg [G [G#^@") Designation12472 / 81049A\ [ [A#R6Launch date22 May 1981t'G [ [M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh [ [M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb! [ [A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows& [T [M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #154Z [ [A#R2"Mass at launch900 kg&T [ [# 2 [ ['  Location [ [m#:   " BeginEndPosition [[j#6$(*L: 22 May 198175W& [;[# 5[p['  End of life\;[[A#R6"Out of serviceprobably&p[[# 8[*[' "(OTechnical data5[_[# $Built by Hughes8*[[1|[[[G[Goes 06H_[[8 @"G" Goes 068[#@[# *[#@[_[Also called Goes F1 [T@['  Generalg #@[@[G#^@") Designation14050 / 83041A\T@[A[A#R6Launch date28 Apr 1983t'@[A[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshA[A[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!A[UB[A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&A[B[M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #168&UB[B[# 2 B[ C['  LocationB[C[m#:   " BeginEndPosition C[0D[j#8$(*L: 28 Apr 1983135W|C[D[j#$1984100Wx0D[$E[j# 110WD[E[j#,19891989135W&$E[E[# 5E[E['  End of life_E[^F[A#R<"Out of service21 Jan 1989RE[F[A#R"CauseFailure&^F[F[# 8F[G[' "(Technical dataMF[[G[0 0:YESpecificationsPayload7G[G[1!ςG[G[qK[Goes GG[G[G[8 @ G" Goes G1 G[ H['  General[G[eH[A#R4Launch date3 May 1986t' H[H[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesheH[AI[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologys&H[I[M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #178&AI[I[# 5I[J['  End of life^I[mJ[A#R:"Out of service3 May 1986YJ[J[A#R0CauseLaunch failure&mJ[J[# 8J[$K[' "(Technical dataMJ[qK[0 0:YESpecificationsPayload8$K[K[1K[K[V[Goes 07HqK[K[8 @"G" Goes 078K[)L[# *Also called Goes H1 K[ZL['  Generalg )L[L[G#^@") Designation17561 / 87022A\ZL[M[A#R6Launch date26 Feb 1987t'L[M[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM[M[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!M[[N[A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&M[N[M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #180&[N[N[# : N[.O[- */ۀ LocationN[O[m#:   " BeginEndPosition!.O[O[j#B$O[O[qK[02L: 26 Feb 1987198979.5W|O[ˀ[j#$1989?98WO[S[j#<,.Feb 1995Dec 1995136Wˀ[ځ[j#:,.Jun 1996May 199794WS[Y[j#*Jun 199898W&ځ[[# 8Y[[' "(Technical datag[V[8 @YEqSpecificationsPayloadTransmits in VHF-, L- and S-band. It is equipped with a Sarsat repeter8[[1}ς[փ["[Goes 08HV[փ[8 @"G" Goes 08:[[# .Also known as Goes I1 փ[A['  Generalg [[G#^@") Designation23051 / 94022A\A[[A#R6Launch date13 Apr 1994t'[x[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh[[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyex[E[G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit75Wq$[[M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas CentaurE[[' On board were instruments for high resolution visible and UV imagers, and "sounders" for temperature and moisture profiles. Also on board were energetic particle detectors and a magnetometer.The satellite experienced loss of attitude control on 9 Jan 1997. One of the two momentum wheels was lost due to a tachometer failure. Goes 8 is now using its functioning momentum wheel in concert with the reaction wheel to maintain attitude control.8[Ո[' "(Technical dataM["[0 0:kB$OASpecificationsPayload8Ո[Z[1Z[[[Goes 09H"[[8 @"G" Goes 09:Z[܉[# .Also known as Goes J1 [ ['  Generalg ܉[t[G#^@") Designation23581 / 95025A\ [Њ[A#R6Launch date23 May 1995t't[D[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshЊ[[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!D[[A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$[[M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas CentaurQ-[Ќ[$ ZIt has replaced Goes 7 Cost: $220 million: [ [- */ۀ LocationЌ[[m#:   " BeginEndPosition# [![j#F$8:L: 23 May 1995Dec 199590W[[j#<,.Feb 1996Aug 1998135W![)[j#,Aug 1998106W&[O[# 8)[[' "(Technical dataEO[[3 4%kB$OASpecificationsPayloadThe satellite lost a backup motor because[["[ of overheating. To cope with this problem the spacecraft, normally facing the earth all the time, will periodically be turned into another direction (4 times a year when the problem is more important).8[[1[X[[Goes 10H[X[8 @"G" Goes 10D![[# BWas named Goes K before launch1 X[['  Generalg [4[G#^@") Designation24786 / 97019A^[[A#R:Launch date25 April 1997t'4[[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb![[A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowv)n[F[M#jR" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #107[@[' worth $220 millionThe satellite has got a default: it's solar arrays cannot rotate properly. The satellite had to be put upside down to maximize solar energy reception, thus inverting the reception images.: F[z[- */ۀ Location@[[m#:   " BeginEndPosition.z[[j#\(<>L: 25 April 1997Jul 1998105W (spare)%[+[j#J 135W ? (goes 9 replacement)&[Q[# 8+[[' "(Technical dataMQ[[0 0:kB$OASpecificationsPayload8[[1⃷[V[[Goes 11H[V[8 @"G" Goes 11G$[[# HNamed Goes L until it is launched1 V[['  GeneralY['[G#^$") Designationd#[[A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Dec 2003t''[[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyd#[[A#RF,Geostationary orbit135 or 75Wq$g[<[M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur&[b[# 8<[[' "(Technical dataMb[[0 0:kB$OASpecificationsPayload1[[1W[l[[T+[l[) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&[[# 8l[[1[[T\Goes 12H[[8 @"G" Goes 12G$[Y[# HNamed Goes M until it is launched1 [['  GeneralYY[[G#^$") Designationd#[G[A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Aug 1999t'[[M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshG[#[M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyd#[[A#RF,Geostationary orbit135 or 75Wq$#[ \M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur[ \[[\, &/ Goes N (not this one) will introduce a new system to replace WEFAX: LRIT (Low Rate Image Transmission). This system should be digital, 128 kbps 8 \\' "(Technical dataM\T\0 0:kB$OASpecificationsPayload1\\1W\\\T+T\\) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&\\# B\A\1xÄ(A\\\Program: GorizontR\\8 @6봡" Program: GorizontGA\\8 >o7U=xxThe Gorizont satellite system is a general purpose network for communications owned by Informcosmos and operated by several firms, including Intersputnik. The network is composed of 370 ground stations.The payloads are Statsionar (C-band) and Loutch (Ku-band).1\ \1U \B\f\?\J\) ",MProgram: Gorizont \B\3#4$o%o%o%o%o%o%o%o%o#o|#o}#o~#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o#o0N#o#oGorizont 01Gorizont 02Gorizont 03Gorizont 04Gorizont 05Gorizont 06Gorizont 07Gorizont 08Gorizont 09Gorizont 10Gorizont 11Gorizont 12Gorizont 13Gorizont 14Gorizont 15Gorizont 16Gorizont 17Gorizont 18Gorizont 19Gorizont 20Gorizont 21Gorizont 22Gorizont 23Gorizont 24Gorizont 25Gorizont 26Gorizont 27Gorizont 28Gorizont 29Gorizont 30Gorizont 31Gorizont 32$J\f\" 1B\\1\ \?f\\# 8Gorizont's specifications\\2\A#R60&Prime contractorNPO PMZ\\A#R20PlatformNPO Gorizont[2\\A#R40"Mass at launch2120 kgW\> \A#R,0Diameterabout 2 mU\ \A#R(0Heightabout 5 mY> \ \A#R00 Stabilization3 axisT \@ \A#R&0DC power1300 Wa \ \A#R@0$Design lifetime3 to 5 years[@ \ \$ No North-South stabilisation. They also are equipped with one X- or L-band transponder.1 \Q \1 Q \D\< \ \# 2Antenna Specifications^Q \ \#_yxuM  : h   AntennaFrequency bandFunction / max gainCoverageBeam widthSteerability' \Z \#N_yxu  4 North/SouthWest/East0 \ \#`_yxu &6HTA1CTX / 19.0global17x17nonenone0Z \\#`_yxu &6HTA2CRX / 19.0global17x17nonenoneI \\#_yxu &2@LA3CTX / 30.0spot5x5noneonce West to East or East to West-\@\#Z_yxu\@\ \ &2BNA4CTX / 22.0hemi9x18nonenone0\ZA\#`_yxu &6HTA5CRX / 19.0global17x17nonenone0@\ B\#`_yxu &6HTA6CTX / 19.0global17x17nonenone3ZA\B\#f_yxu &>NZA7CRX / 25.0elliptical6x12nonenone3 B\C\#f_yxu &>NZA8CTX / 25.0elliptical6x12nonenoneQB\D\#_yxu 6BP\A9KuRX and TX / 30.0spot5x5noneonce East to East or East to Westc9C\D\* $rfZSee also the transponder/antenna connection diagram1D\-E\1U-E\H\H\7D\dE\# (Gorizont's C-bandX-E\E\A#R.0(Main transponders6YdE\F\A#R00,Backup transpondersIE\F\B#T0Power1 transponder (#6) of 40 W (TWTA)5 transponders of 15 W (TWTA)p.F\G\B#T\0Bandwidthspot (#6): 40 MHzothers: 36 MHz-F\=H\d#002UCoverage andEIRP maxtransponder #6:global beam (A1): 35.6 dBWspot beam (A3): 46.1 dBW1 global beam(A6): 28.5 dBW1 large hemispheric beam (A4): 31 dBW1 little hemispheric beam (A8): 34 dBWn,G\H\B#TX0Polarizationuplink: LHCPdownlink: RHCP$=H\H\" 1H\I\1UI\iK\K\8H\8I\# *Gorizont's Ku-bandXI\I\A#R.0(Main transponders1Y8I\I\A#R00,Backup transpondersVI\?J\A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)UI\J\A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzg&?J\J\A#RL0,Coverage & EIRP maxspot: 39.2 dBWn,J\iK\B#TX0Polarizationuplink: LHCPdownlink: RHCP$J\K\" 1iK\K\1UK\Ȁ\\R/K\L\# ^Gorizont's transponder frequency chart (GHz)OK\L\#nxyj  @ ^  LHCPUplinkLHCPDownlinkTransponderRHCPDownlinkRHCPUplinkL\|M\t#,nxyj(6.00063.675L\N\t#,nxyj(6.05073.725|M\N\t#,nxyj(6.10083.775N\O\t#,nxyj(6.15093.825N\O\t#.nxyj*6.200103.875O\<\t#.nxyjO\<\K\*6.250113.925O\Ȁ\t#0nxyj"11.525K114325$<\\" 1Ȁ\\1\{\^.\{\0 0^"Gorizont transponder/antenna connections< \\1\\\Gorizont 01L{\\8 @*봡" Gorizont 011 \4\'  Generalg \\G#^@") Designation11158 / 78118A\4\\A#R6Launch date19 Dec 1978j\a\M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"\Ѓ\M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-a\D\G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-05, 53En!Ѓ\\M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #74&D\؄\# 5\ \'  End of lifeW؄\d\A#R,"Out of serviceyes& \\# 8d\…\' "(Technical data\\L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< …\Ɇ\1IɆ\\\Gorizont 02L\\8 @*봡" Gorizont 021 Ɇ\F\'  Generalg \\G#^@") Designation11440 / 79062A[F\\A#R4Launch date5 Jul 1979j\r\M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"\\M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-r\U\G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-05, 53En!\É\M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #79&U\\# 5É\\'  End of lifeW\u\A#R,"Out of serviceyes&\\# 8u\ӊ\' "(Technical data\\L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< ӊ\ڋ\13ڋ\&\\Gorizont 03L\&\8 @*봡" Gorizont 031 ڋ\W\'  Generalg &\\G#^@") Designation11648 / 79105A\W\\A#R6Launch date28 Dec 1979j\\M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"\\M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-\g\G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-05, 53En!\Վ\M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #81&g\\# 5Վ\0\'  End of lifeW\\A#R,"Out of serviceyes&0\\# 8\ \' "(Technical data\ \\\\L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< \\1H\_\\Gorizont 04L\_\8 @*봡" Gorizont 041 \\'  Generalg _\\G#^@") Designation11841 / 80049A\\S\A#R6Launch date14 Jun 1980j\\M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"S\,\M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-\\G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-04, 14Wn!,\\M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #83O+\]\$ VLaunched to broadcast the Olympic Games5\\'  End of lifeW]\\A#R,"Out of serviceyes&\\# 8\G\' "(Technical data\\L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< G\N\1냹N\\&\Gorizont 05L\\8 @*봡" Gorizont 051 N\\'  Generalg \2\G#^@") Designation13092 / 82020A\\\A#R6Launch date15 Mar 1982j2\\M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"\g\M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsv/\\G#^^,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-14, 96.5En!g\K\M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #95&\q\# 5K\\'  End of lifeWq\\A#R,"Out of serviceyes&\#\# 8\[\' "(Technical data#\&\L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< [\b\1Hb\\F]Gorizont 06L&\\8 @*봡" Gorizont 061 b\\'  Generalg \F\G#^@") Designation13624 / 82103A\\\A#R6Launch date20 Oct 1982jF\ \M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"\{\M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsu. \\G#^\,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-10, 170Wo"{\_\M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #101&\\# 5_\\'  End of lifeW\\A#R,"Out of serviceyes&\7\# 8\o\' "(Technical data7\F]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna conneo\F]&\ctionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< o\]1냹]]Y]Gorizont 07LF]]8 @*봡" Gorizont 071 ]]'  Generalg ]f]G#^@") Designation14160 / 83066A\]]A#R6Launch date30 Jun 1983jf],]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"]]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-,]]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-11, 11Wo"]~]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #110&]]# 5~]]'  End of lifeW]0]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&]V]# 80]]' "(Technical dataV]Y]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< ]]1D]]l ]Gorizont 08LY]]8 @*봡" Gorizont 081 ]]'  Generalg ]y]G#^@") Designation14532 / 83118A\]]A#R6Launch date30 Nov 1983jy]?]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"]]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-?]"]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-06, 90Eo"]]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #114&"]]# 5]]'  End of lifeW]C ]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&]i ]# 8C ] ]' "(Technical datai ]l ]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< ] ]1 ] ]]Gorizont 09Ll ] ]8 @*봡" Gorizont 091 ]% ]'  Generalg ] ]G#^@") Designation14940 / 84041A\% ] ]A#R6Launch date22 Apr 1984j ]R ]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo" ] ]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-R ]5 ]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-05, 53Eo" ] ]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #120&5 ] ]# 5 ] ]'  End of lifeW ]V]A#R,"Out of serviceyes& ]|]# 8V]]' "(Technical data|]]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< ]]1D]@]D]Gorizont 10L]@]8 @*봡" Gorizo]@]]nt 101 ]D@]'  Generalg @]@]G#^@") Designation15144 / 84078A[D@]A]A#R4Launch date1 Aug 1984j@]pA]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"A]A]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-pA]SB]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-13, 80Eo"A]B]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #123&SB]B]# 5B]C]'  End of lifeWB]tC]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&C]C]# 8tC]C]' "(Technical dataC]D]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< C]D]1.D]%E]I]Gorizont 11LD]%E]8 @*봡" Gorizont 111 D]VE]'  Generalg %E]E]G#^@") Designation15484 / 85007A\VE]F]A#R6Launch date18 Jan 1985jE]F]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"F]F]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-F]fG]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-05, 53Eo"F]G]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #129&fG]G]# 5G]0H]'  End of lifeWG]H]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&0H]H]# 8H]H]' "(Technical dataH]I]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< H]I]1ЄI]8J]N]Gorizont 12LI]8J]8 @*봡" Gorizont 121 I]iJ]'  Generalg 8J]J]G#^@") Designation16769 / 86044A\iJ],K]A#R6Launch date10 Jun 1986jJ]K]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo",K]L]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-K]yL]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-12, 40Eo"L]L]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #143&yL]M]# 5L]CM]'  End of lifeWM]M]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&CM]M]# 8M]M]' "(Technical dataM]N]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< M]N]1.cN]KO]]Gorizont 13LN]KO]8 @*봡" Gorizont 131 N]|O]'  Generalg KO] ]G#^@") Designation17083 / 86090A|O] ]N]\|O]h]A#R6Launch date18 Nov 1986j ]Ҁ]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"h]A]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-Ҁ]]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-06, 90Eo"A]$]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #146&]J]# 5$]]'  End of lifeWJ]ւ]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&]]# 8ւ]4]' "(Technical data]]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< 4];]1Є;]]]Gorizont 14L]]8 @*봡" Gorizont 141 ;]]'  Generalg ]]G#^@") Designation17969 / 87040A\]{]A#R6Launch date11 May 1987j]]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"{]T]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsu.]Ɇ]G#^\,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-07, 140Eo"T]8]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #152&Ɇ]^]# 58]]'  End of lifeW^]]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&]]# 8]H]' "(Technical data]]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< H]O]1cO]]&]Gorizont 15L]]8 @*봡" Gorizont 151 O]̉]'  Generalg ]3]G#^@") Designation19017 / 88028A\̉]]A#R6Launch date30 Mar 1988j3]]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"]h]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-]܋]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-04, 14Wo"h]K]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #163&܋]q]# 5K]]'  End of lifeWq]]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&]#]# 8][]' "(Technical data#]&]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< []b]1+b]]E]Gorizont 16L&]]8 @*봡" Gorizont 161 b]ߎ]'  Generalg ]F]G#^@") Designation19397 / 88071A\ߎ]]A#R6Launch date18 Aug 1988jF]]M#j:"N , Country of orig]]&]inCISo"]]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-]]G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-13, 80Eo"]j]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #170&]]# 5j]]'  End of lifeW]]A#R,"Out of serviceyes&]B]# 8]z]' "(Technical dataB]E]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< z]]1[]]]Gorizont 17LE]]8 @*봡" Gorizont 171 ]]'  Generalg ]e]G#^@") Designation19765 / 89004A\]]A#R6Launch date26 Jan 1989je]+]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"]]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!+]]A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"]k]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #175&]]# : k]]- */ۀ Location]U]m#:   " BeginEndPosition-]]p#Z$*,4L: 26 Jan 1989?Statsionar-05, 53E(U]]m#P,.Jun 1995Jan 199734E, inclined&]]# 5]]'  End of life\]>]A#R6"Out of serviceJan 1997T]]A#R&Causedeorbited&>]]# 8]]' "(Technical data]]L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart< ]]1+]C]^Gorizont 18L]C]8 @*봡" Gorizont 181 ]t]'  Generalg C]]G#^@") Designation20107 / 89052A[t]6]A#R4Launch date5 Jul 1989j]]M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"6]]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications:]]M#jt"/ۀ04Geostationary orbitStatsionar-07, 140E, inclinedo"]]M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #179&]+]# 5]`]'  End of life]+]]A#R8"Out of serviceSep 1996?&`]]# 8]]' "(Technical data] ^L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart] ^]=]I^' , EIRP coverage (dBW) ^^F Z r̀p͉t͉o͉u͉C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)C-band, spot (A3)Ku-band, spot (A9)1I^D^1D^^^^^7 >#o"Gorizont 18's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1D^ ^1 ^w^m7^w^6 qDec 199634E, inclined& ^ ^# 8 ^ ^' "(Technical data ^ ^L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart1 ^ ^1 ^ ^^ ^ ^7 >#o"Gorizont 19's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1 ^ ^1 ^- ^m7 ^- ^6 }⁗C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)1D^E^1E^:F^^tE^:F^7 >#o"Gorizont 20's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1E^kF^1kF^F^m7:F^F^6 L****C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)1RN^1O^11O^O^^O^O^7 >#o"Gorizont 21's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW11O^ ^1 ^y^O^ ^O^m7O^y^6 b^^p#|$8:4L: 23 Nov 1990Jan 1996Statsionar-12, 40E, inclined7^A^p#n$(*4mid April 1996Statsionar-07, 140E, inclined&^g^# 8A^^' "(Technical datag^j^L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=^^' , EIRP coverage (dBW)j^q^F Z w$u$y$t$z$C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)C-band, spot (A3)Ku-band, spot (A9)1^^1^7^^q^7^7 >#o"Gorizont 22's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1^h^1h^Պ^m77^Պ^6 #o"Gorizont 24's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1^^1^ ^m7m^ ^6 L󦉂󦉂󦉂C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)1__1 _/_^i_/_7 >#o"Gorizont 25's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1_`_1 `__m7/__6 L]]]]C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)1_ _1 _T _^ _T _7 >#o"Gorizont 26's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1 _ _1 _ _m7T _ _6 _A_p#|$8:4L: 27 Nov 1992Jul 1996Statsionar-05, 53E, inclined2q@_A_p#d4Aug 1996Statsionar-14, 96.5E, inclined&A_A_# 8A_B_' "(Technical dataA_B_L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=B_'C_' , EIRP coverage (dBW)pB_C_> L\eZe^e_eC-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)1'C_D_1D_D_^C_D_7 >#o"Gorizont 27's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1D_D_1D_9E_m7D_9E_6 #o"Gorizont 28's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1lN_2O_12O_O_m7O_O_6 _M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!σ__A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo">__M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #218&_5_# : _o_- */ۀ Location5__m#:   " BeginEndPosition$o__j#H$8:L: 18 Nov 1993Jan 1997130E __j#@Mar 1997161E, inclinedq>__3 4}o7U=Was leased to the US-Malaysian Rimsat company to offer telecommunications services over Asia and the Pacific region. Rimsat was to use the satellite 3 years for a cost of $12 million. In September 1995 the satellite was taken over by Intersputnik after a complex disputeIn 1997, it was sold to the PASI group8__' "(Technical data__L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=_‰_' , EIRP coverage (dBW)__A P7 # # #! #C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)The satellite provides slightly better performance than the standard Gorizont: at least 1 dBW more in C-band and 3 dBW in Ku-band (see footprint maps for details). This improvment could be due to a little more power available, perhaps because of the lack of auxilliary (X- or L-band) transponders.1‰_ϋ_1ϋ____9 @#o"Gorizont 29's C-band EIRP: global A6At BOL the satellite had 1 dBW additional powerTo get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 8.1 dBW1ϋ_nj_1 nj_e_g_e_7 >#o"Gorizont 29's C-band EIRP: large hemispheric A4At BOL the satellite had 2 dBW additional power1nj__1!_5_he_5_7 >#o"Gorizont 29's C-band EIRP: narrow hemispheric A8At BOL the satellite had 1 dBW additional power1_f_1"f__[5__7 >#o"Gorizont 29's Ku-band EIRP: spot A9At BOL the satellite had 3 dBW additional power< f_4_1O WM#4___Gorizont 30L__8 @*봡" Gorizont 30sP4_ _# Gorizont #42, also called Rimsat 2 or Rimsat G2 or Statsionar R2 or Asiasat G_ __1 _=_'  Generalg __G#^@") Designation23108 / 94030Ah'=_ _A#RNLaunch date20 May 1994 at 02:01 UTj_v_M#j:"N , Country of originCISo" __M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!v_G_A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"__M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #223G_l_+ $o7U=Was leased to the US-Malaysian Rimsat company. In September 1995 the satellite was taken over by Intersputnik after a complex dispute: __- */ۀ Locationl_0_m#:   " BeginEndPosition6__j#l$8:L: 20 May 1994Dec 1997142.5E (Statsionar-R2) 0_Z_j#@Jan 1998122E, inclined&__# 8Z__' "(Technical data__L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=__' , EIRP coverage (dBW)__H ^_ʁ.xǁ.xȁ.x́.x́.xC-band, global (A6)C-band, spot (A3)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)The satellite provides slightly better performance than the standard Gorizont: at least 1 dBW more in C-band and 3 dBW in Ku-band (see footprint maps for details). This improvment could be due to a little more power available, perhaps because of the lack of auxilliary (X- or L-band) transponders.1__1$____9 @#o"Gorizont 30's C-band EIRP: global A6At BOL the satellite had 1 dBW additional powerTo get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 8.1 dBW1__1%_q_Z_q_7 >#o"Gorizont 30's C-band EIRP: spot A3At BOL the satellite had 2 dBW additional power1__1&_@_gq_@_7 >#o"Gorizont 30's C-band EIRP: large hemispheric A4At BOL the satellite had 2 dBW additional power1_q_1'q__h@__7 >#o"Gorizont 30's C-band EIRP: narrow hemispheric A8At BOL the satellite had 1 dBW additional power1q_A_1(A__[__7 >#o"Gorizont 30's Ku-band EIRP: spot A9At BOL the satellite had 3 dBW additional power< A__1O87)_[_`Gorizont 31L_[_8 @*봡" Gorizont 312__# Gorizont #431 [__'  Generalg _%_G#^@") Designation23775 / 96005Ah'__A#RNLaunch date25 Jan 1996 at 10:00 UTj%__M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"_f_M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications|/_ `M#j^"/ۀ04Geostationary orbitStatsionar-12, 40Ef_ `_o"f_{`M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #239& ``# 8{``' "(Technical data``L h8zy,zyfZgSpecificationsAntenna specificationsTransponder/Antenna connectionsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=``' , EIRP coverage (dBW)p``> La _ c d C-band, global (A6)C-band, large hemispheric (A4)C-band, narrow hemispheric (A8)Ku-band, spot (A9)1``1*`U`^`U`7 >#o"Gorizont 31's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1``1+``m7U``6 #o"Gorizont 32's C-band EIRP: global A6To get the EIRP of the A1 Global beam add 7.1 dBW1 ` `10 `N `m7 `N `6 ".:B2-182-07?2-022-22"F`ZG`#ڀD ,8C2-242-252-192-202-13F`G`#ڀ< ,8D2-112-092-052-23"ZG`H`#ڀD ,8E2-012-082-262-102-03G`GI`#ڀ< ,8F2-162-142-062-17&H`mI`# 1 GI`I`'  ContactFmI`I`* $8nրAir Force Space Command<I` J`' *O External resourcesI`J`6 :http://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/gps.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/nav/gps.htmhttp://www.navcen.uscg.mil/gps/geninfo/1 J`K`1U5K``3`:J`OK`) ""SProgram: GPS5K`K`{#ƀj"cZcZ6cZPcZGPS BI-01GPS BI-02GPS BI-03GPS BI-047OK`L`#Ҁn(cZ"cZ:cZTcZGPS BI-05GPS BI-06GPS BI-07GPS BI-08*K`VM`u#T"cZacZ6XcZPGPS BI-09GPS BI-10GPS BI-119L` N`{#ƀr"..:.V.GPS BII-01GPS BII-02GPS BII-03GPS BII-04@VM`N`#(.( .(@.(`.GPS BII-05GPS BII-06GPS BII-07GPS BII-08 N`\O`l#,(. $(GPS BII-09DN`<`#(5F݀("5F݀(D5F݀(f5F݀GPS BIIA-10G\O`<`J`PS BIIA-11GPS BIIA-12GPS BIIA-13D\O``#(5F݀("5F݀(D5F݀(f5F݀GPS BIIA-14GPS BIIA-15GPS BIIA-16GPS BIIA-17D<``#(5F݀("5F݀(D 6F݀(f6F݀GPS BIIA-18GPS BIIA-19GPS BIIA-20GPS BIIA-21D``#(6F݀("6F݀(D6F݀(f6F݀GPS BIIA-22GPS BIIA-23GPS BIIA-24GPS BIIA-255`q`#؀j(6F݀("6F݀(D6F݀fGPS BIIA-26GPS BIIA-27GPS BIIA-28&``x#L(2Z݀("3Z݀DHGPS BIIR-01GPS BIIR-02$q`3`" 1`d`16d``3``1 2 c%GPS frequenciesMilitary: 1227.6 MHzCivilian: 1575.42 MHzNuclear burst detection: 1381.05 MHzTelemetry on 2227.5 MHz.: d`N`17N``e`GPS BI-01J``8 @& c%" GPS BI-01Q.N``# \Also called OPS 5111 or Navstar 1 or GPS 011 ``'  Generalg ``G#^@") Designation10684 / 78020A\`݆`A#R6Launch date22 Feb 1978t'`Q`M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg݆``M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!Q``A#RB"Perigee/Apogee20230/20578 kmV`p`A#R*Inclination64.6S`È`A#R$Period727 minkp`.`M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[È``A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&.``# 5``'  End of life]`A`A#R8"Out of serviceJuly 1985$`e`" : A``18```GPS BI-02Je``8 @& c%" GPS BI-02Q.`:`# \Also called OPS 5112 or Navstar 2 or GPS 021 `k`'  Generalg :`ҋ`G#^@") Designation10893 / 78047A\k`.`A#R6Launch date13 May 1978t'ҋ``M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg.` `M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!`k`A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19522/20653 kmV ``A#R*Inclination63.6Uk``A#R(Period714.2 mink``M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[`܎`A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&``# 5܎`7`'  End of life]``A#R8"Out of serviceJuly 1981$7``" : ` `1B9 `V``GPS BI-03` ``J`V`8 @& c%" GPS BI-03Q. ``# \Also called OPS 5113 or Navstar 3 or GPS 031 V``'  Generalg `?`G#^@") Designation11054 / 78093A[``A#R4Launch date7 Oct 1978t'?``M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg`u`M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!``A#RB"Perigee/Apogee20705/20942 kmVu`-`A#R*Inclination63.3U``A#R(Period744.2 mink-``M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[`H`A#R4Launch siteVandenberg`<`% Was equipped with corner-cube reflectors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). SLR tracking of the satellites permit onboard clock errors and satellite ephemeris errors in GPS tracking to be differentiated.5H`q`'  End of life\<``A#R6"Out of serviceMay 1992$q``" : `+`1:+`u`C`GPS BI-04J`u`8 @& c%" GPS BI-04Q.+``# \Also called OPS 5114 or Navstar 4 or GPS 041 u``'  Generalg `^`G#^@") Designation11141 / 78112A\``A#R6Launch date11 Dec 1978t'^`.`M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg``M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!.``A#RB"Perigee/Apogee20748/21013 kmV`M`A#R*Inclination64.6U``A#R(Period746.5 minkM` `M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[`h`A#R4Launch siteVandenberg& ``# 5h``'  End of life\``A#R6"Out of serviceOct 1989$`C`" : `}`13B+;}``jaGPS BI-05JC``8 @& c%" GPS BI-05Q.}``# \Also called OPS 5117 or Navstar 5 or GPS 051 `I`'  Generalg ``G#^@") Designation11690 / 80011A[I` `A#R4Launch date9 Feb 1980t'``M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg ``M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!`H`A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19807/20557 kmT``A#R&Inclination65SH``A#R$Period718 mink`Z`M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[``A#R4Launch siteVandenbergZ`a% Was equipped with corner-cube reflec`aC`tors for satellite laser ranging (SLR). SLR tracking of the satellites permit onboard clock errors and satellite ephemeris errors in GPS tracking to be differentiated.5`a'  End of life\aFaA#R6"Out of serviceNov 1983$aja" : Faa1<aaaGPS BI-06Jjaa8 @& c%" GPS BI-06Q.a?a# \Also called OPS 5118 or Navstar 6 or GPS 061 apa'  Generalg ?aaG#^@") Designation11783 / 80032A\pa3aA#R6Launch date26 Apr 1980t'aaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg3aaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!apaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19378/20480 kmVaaA#R*Inclination62.7UpaaA#R(Period707.8 minkaaM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[aaA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&aa# 5a<a'  End of life\aaA#R6"Out of serviceMar 1991$<aa" : aa1+)=a@aaGPS BI-07Ja@a8 @& c%" GPS BI-07E"aa# DAlso called Navstar 7 or GPS 075@aa'  End of life_aaA#R<"Out of service18 Dec 1981k$aaG#^H26CauseLaunch failure (Atlas F)$aa" : aa1>a, aaGPS BI-08Ja, a8 @& c%" GPS BI-08Q.a} a# \Also called OPS 9794 or Navstar 8 or GPS 081 , a a'  Generalg } a aG#^@") Designation14189 / 83072A\ aq aA#R6Launch date14 Jul 1983t' a aM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesgq aL aM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb! a aA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20801/21183 kmVL a aA#R*Inclination64.3U aY aA#R(Period751.1 mink a aM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[Y a aA#R4Launch siteVandenberg& aE a# 5 az a'  End of life\E a aA#R6"Out of serviceMay 1993b!z a8aA#RBCauseReplaced by GPS BIIA-20& a^a# 88aa' "(OTechnical dataP-^aa# ZUsed to transmit on 1575.42 and 1227.6 MHz: a a1)b? ajaDaGPS BI-09Jaja8 @& c%" GPS BI-09P- aa# ZAlso called USA 001 or Navstar 9 or GPS 091 ja @a'  Generala @aag as@aG#^@") Designation15039 / 84059A\ @a@aA#R6Launch date13 Jun 1984t's@aCAaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg@aAaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!CAa BaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20032/20332 kmVAabBaA#R*Inclination63.9S BaBaA#R$Period718 minkbBa CaM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[Ba{CaA#R4Launch siteVandenberg& CaCa# 5{CaCa'  End of life\Ca2DaA#R6"Out of serviceJun 1994&CaXDa# 82DaDa' "(OTechnical dataI&XDaDa# LTransmits on 1575.42 and 1227.6 MHz: DaEa1#@Ea]EaJaGPS BI-10JDa]Ea8 @& c%" GPS BI-10Q.EaEa# \Also called USA 005 or Navstar 10 or GPS 101 ]EaEa'  Generalg EaFFaG#^@") Designation15271 / 84097A[EaFaA#R4Launch date8 Sep 1984t'FFaGaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgFa|GaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!GaGaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19952/20411 kmV|Ga4HaA#R*Inclination62.2SGaHaA#R$Period718 minm 4HaHaM#j@" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E14[HaOIaA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&HauIa# 5OIaIa'  End of lifen-uIaJaA#RZ"Out of service26 Mar 1996 (orbit raised)&Ia>Ja# 8JavJa' "(OTechnical dataJ'>JaJa# NTransmited on 1575.42 and 1227.6 MHz: vJaJa1b:AJaDKaaGPS BI-11JJaDKa8 @& c%" GPS BI-11Q.JaKa# \Also called USA 010 or Navstar 11 or GPS 111 DKaKa'  Generalg Ka-LaG#^@") Designation16129 / 85093A[KaLaA#R4Launch date9 Oct 1985t'-LaLaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgLacMaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!LaMaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20449/21211 kmVcMaNaA#R*Inclination64.1UMapNaA#R(Period744.4 minm NaNaM#j@" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E55[pNa8OaA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&Na^Oa# 58OaOa'  End of life\^Oa aA#R6"Out of serviceApr 1994Oa aJa&Oa2a# 8 aja' "(OTechnical dataI&2aa# LTransmits on 1575.42 and 1227.6 MHz; jaa1f#Ba9anaGPS BII-01Ka9a8 @( c%" GPS BII-01R/aa# ^Also called USA 035 or Navstar 2-1 or GPS 141 9aa'  Generalg a#aG#^@") Designation19802 / 89013A\aaA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1989t'#aaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgaZaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!aaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20088/20274 kmVZaaA#R*Inclination55.0UagaA#R(Period717.9 minp#aׄaM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #183&gaa# 8ׄa5a' "(Technical data9ana) " Fr ̀Frequencies; 5aa1d:Caa'aGPS BII-02Knaa8 @( c%" GPS BII-02R/aFa# ^Also called USA 038 or Navstar 2-2 or GPS 131 awa'  Generalg FaކaG#^@") Designation20061 / 89044A\wa:aA#R6Launch date10 Jun 1989t'ކaaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg:aaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!awaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19847/20517 kmVa͈aA#R*Inclination54.5Swa aA#R$Period718 minp#͈aaM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #185& aa# 8aa' "(Technical data9a'a) " Fr ̀Frequencies; aba1fFDbaaaGPS BII-03K'aa8 @( c%" GPS BII-03R/baa# ^Also called USA 042 or Navstar 2-3 or GPS 161 a0a'  Generalg aaG#^@") Designation20185 / 89064A\0aaA#R6Launch date18 Aug 1989t'agaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgaΌaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!ga0aA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20154/20207 kmVΌaaA#R*Inclination55.0U0aۍaA#R(Period717.9 minp#aKaM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #186&ۍaqa# 8Kaa' "(Technical data9qaa) " Fr ̀Frequencies; aa1d EahaaGPS BII-04Kaha8 @( c%" GPS BII-04R/aa# ^Also called USA 047 or Navstar 2-4 or GPS 191 ha a'  Generala aag asaG#^@") Designation20302 / 89085A\ aaA#R6Launch date21 Oct 1989t'saCaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgaaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!Ca aA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20176/20188 kmVabaA#R*Inclination53.4S aaA#R$Period718 minp#ba%aM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #188&aKa# 8%aa' "(Technical data9Kaa) " Fr ̀Frequencies; aa1dFcFaBauaGPS BII-05KaBa8 @( c%" GPS BII-05R/aa# ^Also called USA 049 or Navstar 2-5 or GPS 171 Baa'  Generalg a,aG#^@") Designation20361 / 89097A\aaA#R6Launch date11 Dec 1989t',aaM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgacaM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!aaA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19995/20369 kmVcaaA#R*Inclination55.7SanaA#R$Period718 minp#aaM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #190&naa# 8a"Out of service21 May 1996?K bbbA#RCause&bb# 8bbb' "(Technical data9bb) " Fr ̀Frequencies; b4b1cI4bbbGPS BII-08Kbb8 @( c%" GPS BII-08R/4bb# ^Also called USA 063 or Navstar 2-8 or GPS 211 bb'  Generalg bibG#^@") Designation20724 / 90068A[bbA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1990t'ib8bM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgbbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!8bbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19891/20473 kmVbWbA#R*Inclination54.7SbbA#R$Period718 minp#WbbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #197&b@b# 8bxb' "(Technical data9@bb) " Fr ̀Frequencies; xbb1cVJb7bi bGPS BII-09Kb7b8 @( c%" GPS BII-09R/bb# ^Also called USA 064 or Navstar 2-9 or GPS 151 7bb'  Generalg b! bG#^@") Designation20830 / 90088A[b| bA#R4Launch date1 Oct 1990t'! b bM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg| bW bM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb! b bA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20002/20363 kmVW b bA#R*Inclination55.6S bb bA#R$Period718 minp# b bM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #199&b b b# 8 b0 b' "(Technical data9 bi b) " Fr ̀Frequencies< 0 b b1|GK b b2AbGPS BIIA-10Li b b8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-10T1 bE b# bAlso called USA 066 or Navstar 2A-10 or GPS 231 bv b'  Generalg E b bG#^@") Designation20959 / 90103A\v b9bA#R6Launch date26 Nov 1990t' bbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg9bbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!bvbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19968/20394 kmVbbA#R*Inclination55.1Svb+@bA#R$b+@bi bPeriod718 minp#b@bM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #201&+@b@b# 8@b@b' "(Technical data9@b2Ab) " Fr ̀Frequencies< @bnAb1cVLnAbAbEbGPS BIIA-11L2AbAb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-11T1nAbBb# bAlso called USA 071 or Navstar 2A-11 or GPS 241 Ab?Bb'  Generalg BbBbG#^@") Designation21552 / 91047A[?BbCbA#R4Launch date4 Jul 1991t'BbuCbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgCbCbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!uCb>DbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20031/20331 kmTCbDbA#R&Inclination56S>DbDbA#R$Period718 minp#DbUEbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #206&Db{Eb# 8UEbEb' "(Technical data9{EbEb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< Eb(Fb1fGM(FbtFbJbGPS BIIA-12LEbtFb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-12T1(FbFb# bAlso called USA 079 or Navstar 2A-12 or GPS 251 tFbFb'  Generalg Fb`GbG#^@") Designation21890 / 92009A\FbGbA#R6Launch date23 Feb 1992t'`Gb0HbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgGbHbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!0HbHbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20031/20335 kmVHbOIbA#R*Inclination54.2SHbIbA#R$Period718 minp#OIbJbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #207&Ib8Jb# 8JbpJb' "(Technical data98JbJb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< pJbJb1fUNJb1KbfObGPS BIIA-13LJb1Kb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-13T1JbKb# bAlso called USA 080 or Navstar 2A-13 or GPS 281 1KbKb'  Generalg KbLbG#^@") Designation21930 / 92019A\KbyLbA#R6Launch date10 Apr 1992t'LbLbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgyLbTMbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!LbMbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20026/20338 kmVTMb NbA#R*Inclination55.7SMb_NbA#R$Period718 minp# NbNbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #208&_NbNb# 8Nb-Ob' "(Technical data9NbfOb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< -ObOb1eEOOb b@bGPS BIIA-14LfOb b8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-14Ob bfObT1Ob`b# bAlso called USA 083 or Navstar 2A-14 or GPS 261 bb'  Generalg `bbG#^@") Designation22014 / 92039A[bSbA#R4Launch date7 Jul 1992t'bǁbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgSb.bM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!ǁbbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19961/20402 kmV.bbA#R*Inclination54.9Sb9bA#R$Period718 minp#bbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #211&9bσb# 8bb' "(Technical data9σb@b) " Fr ̀Frequencies< b|b1eUP|bȄbbGPS BIIA-15L@bȄb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-15T1|bb# bAlso called USA 084 or Navstar 2A-15 or GPS 271 ȄbMb'  Generalg bbG#^@") Designation22108 / 92058A[MbbA#R4Launch date9 Sep 1992t'bbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgbbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!bLbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19909/20453 kmVbbA#R*Inclination54.2SLbbA#R$Period718 minp#bebM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #214&bb# 8ebÈb' "(Technical data9bb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< Èb8b1tEQ8bbǍbGPS BIIA-16Lbb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-16T18b؉b# bAlso called USA 085 or Navstar 2A-16 or GPS 321 b b'  Generalg ؉bpbG#^@") Designation22231 / 92079Ah' b؊bA#RNLaunch date22 Nov 1992 at 20:53 UTt'pbLbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg؊bbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!LbbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20088/20275 kmVbkbA#R*Inclination54.7UbbA#R(Period717.9 minp#kb0bM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #216&bVb# 80bb' "(Technical data9VbǍb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< bb1RbObbGPS BIIA-17LǍbOb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-17T1bb# bAlso called USA 087 or Navstar 2A-17 or GPS 291 ObԎb'  Generalg b;bG#^@") Designation22275 / 92089Ah'ԎbbA#RNLaunch date18 Dec 1992 at 10:16 UTt';b#bM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of orib#bǍbginUnited StatesgbbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!#bbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20044/20320 kmVbBbA#R*Inclination54.6SbbA#R$Period718 minp#BbbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #217&b+b# 8bcb' "(Technical data9+bb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< cbb1qSb$bdbGPS BIIA-18Lb$b8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-18T1bxb# bAlso called USA 088 or Navstar 2A-18 or GPS 221 $bb'  Generalg xbbG#^@") Designation22446 / 93007Ag&bwbA#RLLaunch date3 Feb 1993 at 02:55 UTt'bbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgwbRbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!bbA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19995/20370 kmVRb bA#R*Inclination54.5Sb]bA#R$Period718 minp# bbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #218&]bb# 8b+b' "(Technical data9bdb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< +bb1TbbRbGPS BIIA-19Ldbb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-19T1b@b# bAlso called USA 090 or Navstar 2A-19 or GPS 311 bqb'  Generalg @bbG#^@") Designation22581 / 93017Ah'qb@bA#RNLaunch date30 Mar 1993 at 03:29 UTt'bbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg@bbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!b}bA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20072/20293 kmVbbA#R*Inclination55.2S}b&bA#R$Period718 minp#bbM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #219K'&bb$ NEquipped with a Star 37 solid motor8bb' "(Technical data9bRb) " Fr ̀Frequencies< bb1yGUbbcGPS BIIA-20LRbb8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-20T1b.b# bAlso called USA 091 or Navstar 2A-20 or GPS 371 b_b'  Generalg .bbG#^@") Designation22657 / 93032A\_b"bA#R6Launch date13 May 1993t'bbM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg"bbM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!b_bA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20017/20345 kmVbbA#R*Inclination55.2S_bcA#R$Period7bcRb18 minp#bcM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #220&cc# 8cc' "(Technical data9cc) " Fr ̀Frequencies< cWc1tVWcccGPS BIIA-21Lcc8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-21T1Wcc# bAlso called USA 092 or Navstar 2A-21 or GPS 391 c(c'  Generalg ccG#^@") Designation22700 / 93042Ah'(ccA#RNLaunch date26 Jun 1993 at 13:27 UTt'ckcM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgccM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!kc4cA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20112/20250 kmVccA#R*Inclination54.4U4ccA#R(Period717.9 minp#cOcM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #221&cuc# 8Occ' "(Technical data9ucc) " Fr ̀Frequencies< c"c1rGW"cnc cGPS BIIA-22Lcnc8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-22T1"cc# bAlso called USA 094 or Navstar 2A-22 or GPS 351 ncc'  Generalg cZcG#^@") Designation22779 / 93054Ah'ccA#RNLaunch date30 Aug 1993 at 12:35 UTt'Zc6cM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgccM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!6ccA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20127/20236 kmVcU cA#R*Inclination54.6Sc cA#R$Period718 minp#U c cM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #222& c> c# 8 cv c' "(Technical data9> c c) " Fr ̀Frequencies< v c c1frX c7 clcGPS BIIA-23L c7 c8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-23T1 c c# bAlso called USA 096 or Navstar 2A-23 or GPS 341 7 c c'  Generalg c# cG#^@") Designation22877 / 93068A\ c cA#R6Launch date26 Oct 1993t'# c cM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg cZ cM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb! c cA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20104/20260 kmVZ ccA#R*Inclination55.2S cecA#R$Period718 minp#ccM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #223&ecc# 8c3c' "(Technical data9clc) " Fr ̀Frequencies< 3cc1oIYc @cDDcGPS BIIA-24Llc @c8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-24c @clcT1c`@c# bAlso called USA 100 or Navstar 2A-24 or GPS 361 @c@c'  Generalg `@c@cG#^@") Designation23027 / 94016A\@cTAcA#R6Launch date10 Mar 1994t'@cAcM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgTAc/BcM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!AcBcA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20023/20339 kmV/BcBcA#R*Inclination55.1VBc=CcA#R*Period717.95 minp#BcCcM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #226&=CcCc# 8Cc Dc' "(Technical data9CcDDc) " Fr ̀Frequencies< DcDc1'r`ZDcDcIcGPS BIIA-25LDDcDc8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-25T1Dc Ec# bAlso called USA 117 or Navstar 2A-25 or GPS 331 DcQEc'  Generalg EcEcG#^@") Designation23833 / 96019A\QEcFcA#R6Launch date28 Mar 1996t'EcFcM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgFcFcM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!FcQGcA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20252/20548 kmVFcGcA#R*Inclination54.8L QGcGcA#RPeriodp#GccHcM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #234Gc8Ic' ]The satellite was worth $55 million. A solid Thiokol Star 37 apogee motor was used to circularize the orbitAfter this launch, 3 BIIA satellites are still to be launched8cHcpIc' "(Technical dataR(8IcIc* $PFr ̀FrequenciesTelemetry on 2227.5 MHz< pIcIc1I[IcJJcNcGPS BIIA-26LIcJJc8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-26T1IcJc# bAlso called USA 126 or Navstar 2A-26 or GPS 401 JJcJc'  Generalg Jc6KcG#^@") Designation23953 / 96041A\JcKcA#R6Launch date16 Jul 1996t'6KcLcM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgKcmLcM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!LcLcA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20275/20368 kmVmLc%McA#R*Inclination54.8SLcxMcA#R$Period723 minp#%McMcM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #237&xMcNc# 8McFNc' "(Technical datalBNcNc* $Fr ̀FrequenciesTelemetry on 2227.5 MHz (telemetry number PRN 10)< FNcNc1h`\Nc:Oc{cGPS BIIA-27LNc:Oc8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-27T1NcOc# bAlso called USA 128 or Navstar 2A-27 or GPS 301 :OcOc'  Generalg Oc2cG#^@") Oc2cNcDesignation24320 / 96056A\OccA#R6Launch date12 Sep 1996t'2ccM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgcicM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!cˁcA#RB"Perigee/Apogee20275/20368 kmVic!cA#R*Inclination54.8SˁctcA#R$Period723 minp#!ccM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #238&tc c# 8cBc' "(Technical data9 c{c) " Fr ̀Frequencies< Bcc1]cccGPS BIIA-28L{cc8 @* c%" GPS BIIA-28T1cWc# bAlso called USA 135 or Navstar 2A-28 or GPS 381 cc'  Generalg WccG#^@") Designation25030 / 97067A[cJcA#R4Launch date6 Nov 1997t'ccM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgJc%cM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationb!ccA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19914/20626 kmV%c݆cA#R*Inclination54.9Sc0cA#R$Period723 minp#݆ccM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #249A0cc$ :Last of the GPS 2A series8cc' "(Technical datag<cc+ &xFr ̀Frequencies Mass at launch: 1881 kg; Dry mass: 930 kg< cc1^ccˍcGPS BIIR-01Lcc8 @* c%" GPS BIIR-01I&cQc# LAlso called Navstar 2R-1 or GPS #391 cc'  General\QcމcG#^*") Designationn/a\c:cA#R6Launch date17 Jan 1997t'މccM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg:ccM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigationWclcA#R,"Perigee/Apogeen/aTccA#R&Inclinationn/aOlccA#RPeriodn/ap#ccM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #2419cc$ *Worth $40 million5cc'  End of life_cLcA#R<"Out of service17 Jan 1997YccA#R0Causelaunch failure&Lcˍc# < cc1Y_cScgcGPS BIIR-02LˍcSc8 @* c%" GPS BIIR-02S0cc# `Also called USA 132 or Navstar 2R-1 or GPS 431 Sc׎c'  Generalg c>cG#^@") Designation24876 / 97035A]׎ccA#R8Launch date23 July 1997t'>ccM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUccˍcnited StatesgccM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation\ccA#R6"Perigee/Apogee20000 kmTc2cA#R&Inclination55SccA#R$Period714 minp#2ccM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #245cc) Worth $43 millionThis new GPS series has among advantages the ability to be launched into any of the required orbits on any day of the year with 60-day advanced scheduling. The GPS Block IIR has an estimated life span of 10 years and is equipped with advanced on-board computers to allow for in-flight software modifications.This was the first DOD mission controlled from the 45th Space Wing's new Launch Control Center, located in the 1st SLS Operations Building.8c.c' "(Technical data9cgc) " Fr ̀Frequencies?.cc1 )`cccProgram: Grace?gcc, ((" Program: Gracecc& Gravity Recovery and Climate ExperimentNASA scientific program composed of 2 satellites to be launched in 2001. Intended to measure the earth's gravitational field over that period with extreme accuracy.<cc' *O External resourcesuGcc. ,http://essp.gsfc.nasa.gov/grace/http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/8cc' "(OTechnical data1 cc'  GeneralYcNcG#^$") Designation\ccA#R6Launch dateAugust 2001t'NccM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUcscG#^"H̀MissionZccA#R2"Perigee/Apogee450 kmQsccA#R InclinationL cjcA#RPeriodbccG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosQjccA#R Launch site5cRc$ "Operator: JPL8cc' " SpecificationsVRccA#R*&Prime contractor[c;cA#R4PlatformFlexbus (DSS)TccA#R&"Mass at launchS;ccA#R$ Mass in orbitOc1cA#RDimensionQccA#R Solar arrayS1ccA#R$ StabilizationN c#cA#RDC power\ccA#R6$Design lifetime5 yearsT0#cc$ `The platform contract is worth $16.9 million1cc1WacXc~cT+cXc) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&c~c# AXcc1av.bcc<dProgram: GramsatA~cc, (," Program: Gramsat0 c<d& Gramsat are Indian satellites to be launched by GSLVThe Gramsat payloads include two high power S-band, and one single channel C-band tranponders. It would also carry C-band transponders for evaluation of indigenoulc<d~csy developed 10 W solid state power amplifier.1cmd1WcmdddT+<dd) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&mdd# 4dd1|ddOdBdGRO4dOd, (" GROjDdd&  Gamma Ray Observatory, also called Compton gamma-ray observatory1 Odd'  Generalg dQdG#^@") Designation21225 / 91027B[ddA#R4Launch date5 Apr 1991t'Qd dM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesRdrdA#R"OperatorNASAr% ddM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: Astronomy^rdBdA#R:"Perigee/Apogee437/462 kmVddA#R*Inclination28.4TBddA#R&Period93.5 minjdVdM#j:" &~Launch vehicleSTS 37\ddA#R6"Mass at launch15620 kgjCVdd' The objective of the Compton GRO is to make comprehensive observations of gamma ray sources throughout the Universe. The observatory carries four scientific instruments that make gamma ray energy measurements from 0.1 million electron volts to 30,000 million electron volts.Orbit reboost maneuver planned in mid-1997.<dXd' *O External resources^dd. ,http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.govhttp://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/education/curricula/GRO_Ed_Brfs.html8Xdd' "(OTechnical data8dTd' " SpecificationsYddA#R0&Prime contractorTRW`Td dA#R>Dimension7.7 x 5.5 x 4.6 mWdd dA#R,Solar array21.5 mY d dA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYd d dA#R0DC powerEOL: 3980 Wb! dx dA#RB$Design lifetime2 years (min) dN d- (S@ĘRealtime acquisition via TDRS (tape recorders have failed).Telemetry: 2287.5 MHz (realtime: 1/32 kbps, playback: upto 512 kbps)Command: 2106.4 MHz (1/0.125 kbps)`3x d d- *f  BATSE (Burst and Transcient Source Experiment)XN d dA#R.Payload mass976 kgk* dq dA#RT8Industrial responsibilityMarshall SFCf% d dA#RJ2Gamma-ray energy range20-600 keVAq d d$ :Equipped with 8 detectorsg: d d- *t  OSSE (Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment)Y d dA#R0Payload mass1820 kgm, dEdA#RX8Industrial responsibilityBall Aerospacej) ddA#RR2Gamma-ray energy range100 keV-10 MeV&Edd# T'd)d- *N  COMTEL (imaging COMpton TELescope)YddA#R0Payload mass1460 kgb!)d @dA#RB8Industrial responsibilityMBBd @ddd#dp@dA#RF2Gamma-ray energy range1-30 MeV` @d@dA#R>*Angular resolution1.7-4.4&p@d@d# b5@dXAd- *j  EGRET (Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope)Y@dAdA#R0Payload mass1830 kgj)XAdBdA#RR8Industrial responsibilityGoddard SFCi(AdBdA#RP2Gamma-ray energy range20 MeV-30 GeV&BdBd# ?BdBd1.qeBd8CdCdProgram: GstarOBd8Cd8 @0w " Program: GstarfBdCd) "D"American telecommunication satellite program operated by GE Americom, formerly GTE Spacenet Corp.18CdCd1fCd|Dd<Cd|DdH `x :T;Tdt#0 11.974514.274d˂dt#2.14.2881311.988>dWdt#0 12.035614.335˂ddt#2.14.3491412.049Wdpdt#0 12.096714.396ddt#2.14.4101512.110pddt#0 12.157814.457ddt#2.14.4711612.171$d:d" 8drd1jrddtdGstar 1H:dd8 @"w " Gstar 11 rdd'  Generalg dRdG#^@") Designation15677 / 85035A[ddA#R4Launch date8 May 1985t'Rd!dM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ddM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!!ddA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!d`dM#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V13sIdӉd* $rRUWill be colocated with GE 1 and de-orbited when GE 2 is operational: `d d- */ۀ LocationӉddm#:   " BeginEndPosition# d$dj#F"68L: 8 May 1985Nov 1996103Wddj#,Jan 1997105W&$dʋd# 8dd' "(Technical datar;ʋdtd7 >v=;Ā=J@SpecificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chart8dd1\;kdd(dGstar 2Htdd8 @"w " Gstar 21 d%d'  Generalg ddG#^@") Designation16649 / 86026A\%ddA#R6Launch date28 Mar 1986t'd\dM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"dˎdM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!\d-dA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!ˎddM#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V17&-dd# 2 d d'  Locationd dtdddm#:   " BeginEndPosition ddj#.$(*L: 28 Mar 1986"ddj#D46< May 1992May 1992 >105W!d.dj#B ;T"Gstar 2's Ku-band EIRP8Ydd1md-d dGstar 3Hd-d8 @"w " Gstar 31 d^d'  Generalg -ddG#^@") Designation19483 / 88081A[^d dA#R4Launch date8 Sep 1988t'ddM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" ddM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg&djdA#RL,Geostationary orbit93W, inclinedn!ddM#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V25]9jd5d$ rThis satellite had a motor problem and so is inclined5djd'  End of life\5ddA#R6"Out of serviceApr 1997t3jd:dA#RfCausedecommissioned, inclination too important&d`d# 8:dd' "(Technical datar;`d d7 >v=;Ā=J@SpecificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chart8dBd1z;nBddeGstar 4H dd8 @"w " Gstar 41 Bdd'  Generalg d"dG#^@") Designation20946 / 90100B\d~dA#R6Launch date20 Nov 1990t'"ddM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"~dadM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!ddA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!ad1dM#jB" &fD+Launch vehicleAriane V40&dWd# : 1dd- */ۀ LocationWddm#:   " BeginEndPositionddj#.$(*L: 20 Nov 1990"d(dj#D46< May 1992May 1992 >125Wddj#. =T"Gstar 4's Ku-band EIRP7e`e1Lp`ee`eHaruka7 )ee, (" Harukap`e*e# Means "far away", also called Muses B and Halca (Highly Advanced Laboratory for Communications and Astronomy)1 e[e'  Generalg *eeG#^@") Designation24720 / 97005A\[eeA#R6Launch date12 Feb 1997leeM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanr%eeM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomyb!e^eA#RB"Perigee/Apogee565 / 21462 kmVeeA#R*Inclination31.3S^eeA#R$Period374 minheoeM#j6" & Launch vehicleMu 55 ee) Operated by IsasHaruka is the space segment of the VSOP (VLBI Space Observatory Programme), and will unfurl an 8-meter radiotelescope antenna to make joint observations with ground based radio observatories, simulating a telescope larger than the Earth. Haruka carries detectors operating at 1.6, 5 and 22 GHz, and will be able to make radio images with very high spatial resolution, permitting precise measurements of quasar jets and galactic maser sources.Downlinks at 128 kbps (2.2636 GHz). Lifetime: 3 to 5 years<oee' *O External resourcesRe`e. ,http://www.vsop.isas.ac.jp/MUSES_B.htmlhttp://www.vsop.isas.ac.jp/VSOP.html: ee1 qqeesCeHealthsatB`ee2 4""  HealthsatnKeJ e# Also called Healthsat 2 because Uosat 3 provided services as Healthsat 11 e{ e'  Generalg J e eG#^@") Designation22827 / 93061E\{ e> eA#R6Launch date25 Sep 1993t' e eM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"> e! eM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^ e eA#R:"Perigee/Apogee788/803 kmV! e eA#R*Inclination98.7U e* eA#R(Period100.8 minn! e eM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V59[* e eA#R4"Mass at launch47.5 kg e e% Transmits medical data (provided by the United States, Canada and the UK) to African universities, hospitals and documentation centers.1 e e'  Contact ee/ , SatelLife1360 Soldier's Field Rd., Boston, MA 02135, USATel: +1-617-789-5455Fax: +1-617-789-4771Email: hnet@usa.healthnet.org< ee' *O External resourcesWeJe. ,http://www.healthnet.org/http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/CSER/UOSAT/missions/hs2.html8ee' "(OTechnical data8Jee' " Specifications>eK@eG#^|& eK@e`ePrime contractorSSTL (Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.)Re@eA#R"PlatformSSTL[K@e@eA#R4"Mass at launch50.5 kgS@eKAeA#R$ Mass in orbitR@eAeA#R"Length352 mmQKAeAeA#R Width356 mmRAe@BeA#R"Height670 mmc"AeBeA#RD Stabilizationgravity gradientN @BeBeA#RDC power\BeMCeA#R6$Design lifetime5 years&BesCe# > MCeCe1vLrCeCeDFeProgram: HeaoNsCeCe8 @.G" Program: HeaoECeDFe+ $5 High Energy Astronomy ObservatoryAmerican scientific program made of 3 large observatories designed to study the "high energy universe," i.e., X-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic particles. The scientific objectives of the HEAO program were to learn more about some of the most puzzling objects in the universe: pulsars, neutron stars, black holes, quasars, radio galaxies, and supernovas. Many of these radiate only in the X-ray, gamma ray, and cosmic ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and cannot be studied from the ground.1CeuFe1suFeFeo.DFeFeA R\9ڰFI۰FIܰFIProgram: HeaoHeao 1Heao 2Heao 37uFeGe1tGebGeLeHeao 1GFebGe8 @ G" Heao 11 GeGe'  Generalg bGeGeG#^@") Designation10217 / 77075A\GeVHeA#R6Launch date12 Aug 1977t'GeHeM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+VHeBIeM#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^HeIeA#R:"Perigee/Apogee429/447 kmVBIeIeA#R*Inclination22.7TIeJJeA#R&Period93.4 minq$IeJeM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_JJeKeA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral_JeyKeA#R<"Mass at launchapprox. 3 t&KeKe# 5yKeKe'  End of lifeVKe*LeA#R*Decay15 Mar 1979&KePLe# <*LeLe' *O External resourceshAPLeLe' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/heao1.html7Le+Me1u+MerMeeHeao 2GLerMe8 @ G" Heao 2H%+MeMe# JAlso called "Einstein observatory"1 rMeMe'  Generalg MeRNeG#^@") Designation11101 / 78103A\MeNeA#R6Launch date13 Nov 1978t'RNe"OeM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+NeOeM#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^"Oe eA#R:"Perigee/Apogee526/548 kmOe eLeVOebeA#R*Inclination23.5T eeA#R&Period95.4 minq$be'eM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_eeA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral_'eeA#R<"Mass at launchapprox. 3 tee' iEquipped with a 58cm diameter telescope with a 3.3m focal length. The satellite also contained five other instruments, 4 of which shared the use of the telescope to make a variety of measurements of X-rays emitted by stellar objects. The fifth instrument, independent of the telescope, measured properties of X-rays beyond the telescope's energy range.Built by TRW Defense and Space Systems for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center5ee'  End of lifeVeKeA#R*Decay25 Mar 1982&eqe# <Kee' *O External resourceshAqee' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/heao2.html7eLe1vLee(eHeao 3Gee8 @ G" Heao 31 Leąe'  Generalg e+eG#^@") Designation11532 / 79082A\ąeeA#R6Launch date20 Sep 1979t'+eeM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/eweM#j^"H̀_BMissionScientific: gamma-ray astronomy^eՇeA#R:"Perigee/Apogee487/503 kmVwe+eA#R*Inclination43.6TՇeeA#R&Period94.5 minq$+eeM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_eOeA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral_eeA#R<"Mass at launchapprox. 3 t&Oeԉe# 5e e'  End of lifeUԉe^eA#R(Decay7 Dec 1981& ee# <^ee' *O External resourceshAe(e' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/heao3.html@ehe1QwheeeProgram: HliosL(ee5 :0/]" Program: Hlios hee& In Greek mythology Helios was all-seeing and all-knowingFrench military observation program. The first generation is financed by France (79%), Italy (14%) and Spain (7%). Operated by the DGA (Dlgation Gnrale l'Armement) and the CNES. Each country can use the satellite in proportion of its financial participation. Each country can order observations and obtain the results via its Earth station. Each country's results are cyphered so that only the orderer can use the data.Dee' ;The second generation (Helios 2) is planned for 2002 and will be achieved by France and Spain (3%). It is supposed to cost $1.2 billion. It would be equipped with for optical and IR observation. 2 identical satellites are to be built, based on the MMS Mark 2+ bus (3600 kg) Belgium is willing to participate to the project.Other French military projects: satellite Osiris & Horus (radar/electromagnetic reconnaissance) should cost $2.4 billion (with Germany taking part). [Horus has been cancelled in April 1998 by lack of financingee(e] ee1 0fN5Zenon (eavesdropping satellite) and Clementine (the Cerise companion). Also for military communications see Trimilsatcom1ee1xeYeg-eYe: DZhh휭i휭Program: HliosHlios 1AHlios 1B: ee1yeeeHlios 1AFYee5 :$/]" Hlios 1A1 e e'  Generalg eqeG#^@") Designation23605 / 95033A[ eeA#R4Launch date7 Jul 1995m qe9eM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancem&eeG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^9eeA#R:"Perigee/Apogee673/676 kmVeZeA#R*Inclination98.1TeeA#R&Period98.2 minn!ZeeM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V75^ee$ Hlios 1A carries an eavesdroppring payload called Euracom, built by Dassault Electronique8ee' "(OTechnical data8ee' " Specifications@eeA#R&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space (under control of CNES)[eeA#R4PlatformSpot (Mark 2)[eEeA#R4"Mass at launch2537 kgSeeA#R$ Mass in orbitOEeeA#RDimensionn-eUeA#RZ Stabilizationguidance by momentum wheelsTeeA#R&DC power2200 W\UeeA#R6$Design lifetime5 yearsee' 2 tape recorders, only optical observationThe Hlios system downlinks in S-band at 2206.53 MHz and in X-band at 8253.0 MHz: ee1$ze,eeHlios 1BFe,e5 :$/]" Hlios 1B1 e]e'  GeneralY,eeG#^$") Designations2]e)eA#RdLaunch dateplanned for late 1996 / early 1997m eeM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancem&)eeG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissanceTeWeA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQeeA#R InclinationL WeeA#RPeriodje^eM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeee- ()h휭When this satellite is launched the revisit period will be about 1 day. Same orbit but 180 degrees separationProbably identical to Helios 1A1^ePe1W{PeeeT+ee) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&Pee# > ee1y|eReeProgram: HeosJeRe5 :,G" Program: HeosiAee( Highly Eccentric Orbit SatelliteEuropean scientific program1Re f1} fkfe fe_%ekf: DJ<WIWIProgram: HeosHeos 1Heos 27 ff1 ~fffHeos 1Gkff8 @ G" Heos 11 ff'  Generalg ffG#^@") Designation03595 / 68109A[ffA#R4Launch date5 Dec 1968m fIfM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope{.ffM#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere studyc"If'fA#RD"Perigee/Apogee20020/202780 kmVf}fA#R*Inclination60.5V'ffA#R*Period6704.3 minr%}fEfM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #61ZffA#R2"Mass at launch128 kgtPEff$ Study of the inter-planetary magnetic field, solar wind and space particles.5fHf'  End of lifeVffA#R*Decay28 Oct 1975$Hff" 7ff1%f@f+ fHeos 2Gf@f8 @ G" Heos 21 fqf'  Generalg @ffG#^@") Designation05814 / 72005A\qf4fA#R6Launch date31 Jan 1972m ffM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope{.4ffM#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere studya f}fA#R@"Perigee/Apogee405/240164 kmVffA#R*Inclination89.9V}f) fA#R*Period7477.1 minr%f fM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #87Z) f fA#R2"Mass at launch117 kgd f} f$ Study of the high altitude magnetosphe limits and inter-planetary magnetic fields and particles.5 f f'  End of lifeU} f fA#R(Decay2 Aug 1974$ f+ f" 6 fa f1EQa f fnGfHESSI6 + f f, (" HESSIL)a f f# RHigh Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager1 f f'  GeneralY fm fG#^$") DesignationU f fA#R(Launch date2000t'm f6 fM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr% f fM#jJ"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun studyT6 f fA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ fMfA#R InclinationL ffA#RPeriod\MffG#^*" &Launch vehicleQfFfA#R Launch siteO*fBf% UHESSI will investigate the physics of particle acceleration and energy release in solar flares through an unprecedented combination of high resolutFfBf+ fion imaging and spectroscopy of X-rays and gamma rays from 2 keV to 20 MeV during the next solar maximum. It uses Fourier-transform imaging with 12 bi-grid modulation collimators and cooled germanium and silicon detectors mounted on a Sun-pointed spin-stabilized spacecraft in a low-altitude equatorial orbit. HESSI will carry out the first imaging spectroscopy in hard X-rays with 2 arcseconds angular resolution, time resolution to tens of ms, and \sim1 keV energy resolution; the first gamma-ray line spectroscopy from a spacecraft with \sim1 keV energy resolution; and the first gamma-ray line and continuum imaging with 20 arcseconds angular resolution. AFfBf$ :Project cost: $12 million<BfCf' *O External resourceseBfCf. ,http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/hessi.htmhttp://www701.gsfc.nasa.gov/7011/imdo_HESS.htm&CfCf# 8CfDf' "(OTechnical data8CfGDf' " Specificationsg&DfDfA#RL&Prime contractorSpectro Astro IncN GDfDfA#RPlatformTDfPEfA#R&"Mass at launchSDfEfA#R$ Mass in orbitOPEfEfA#RDimensionQEfCFfA#R Solar arrayb!EfFfA#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedN CFfFfA#RDC powerUFfHGfA#R($Design lifetime&FfnGf# 1HGfGf1WGfGfHfT+nGfGf) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&GfHf# 5GfNHf1yFNHfHffHETE5 HfHf, (" HETEJ$NHfHf& H High-Energy Transient Experiment1 HfHf'  General>HfIfN#l|") ˓FWDesignationn/a / 96061AFailed to separate with SAC B[HfIfA#R4Launch date4 Nov 1996t'IfYJfM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_IfJfG#^0"H̀MissionScientificTYJf KfA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQJf]KfA#R InclinationL KfKfA#RPeriodr%]KfLfM#jJ" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL #14&KfANf% The prime objective of HETE is to carry out the first multiwavelength study of gamma-ray bursts with UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray instruments mounted on a single, compact spacecraft. A unique feature of the HETE mission is its capability to localize GRBs with ~10 arc second accuracy, in near real time aboard the spacecraft, and to transmit these positions directly to a network of receivers at existing ground-based observatories, enabling rapid, sensitive follow-up studies in the radio, IR, and optical bands.LfOf+ $-˓FWHETE was carried inside the Dual Payload Attach Fixture on which SAC B was mounted, so it was trapped and was unable to deploy its solar panels.<ANf>Of' *O External resourcesyKOfOf. ,http://nis-www.lanl.gov/nis-projects/hete/http://space.mit.edu/HETE/8>Of f' "(Technical dataOf fHfP)Of\f' R Omnidirectional Gamma-Ray Spectrometer[ ffA#R4[Build byCESR (France)e$\ffA#RH[$Instrument typeNaI(Tl); cleavedb!f~fA#RB[Energy range6 keV to > 1 MeV[fفfA#R4[(Timing resolution4 msr1~fKfA#Rb[,Spectral resolution~40% @ 6 keV; ~7% @ 1 MeVq0فffA#R`["Effective area120 cm**2 (total for 4 units)@Kf=fA#R[2Sensitivity (10 sigma)3 x 10**-8 erg/cm**2/s for 8-1000 keVRffA#R"[ FOV~ 2 pi sr^=ffA#R:[*Angular resolution~ 1 sr&ff# BfUf' 6 Wide Field X-ray Monitorj)ffA#RR&ZBuild byRIKEN (Japan) and LANL (USA)>Uf>fA#R|&Z$Instrument type2 1-dim Coded aperture cameras, with PSPCs]ffA#R8&ZEnergy range2 to 25 keV[>ffA#R4&Z(Timing resolution1 mse$f[fA#RH&Z,Spectral resolution~18% @ 6 keVo.fʆfA#R\&Z"Effective area200 cm**2 (each of 2 units)>[fIfA#R|&Z2Sensitivity (10 sigma)8 x 10**-9 erg/cm**2/s for 2-10 keVZʆffA#R2&Z FOV~ 2 sr (combined)UIf9fA#R&Z>Angular resolution (1 sigma)about 10 arcmin (location accuracy better than that)&f_f# L%9ff' J Ultraviolet Transient Camera ArrayW_ffA#R,&ZBuild byMIT (USA)}<ffA#Rx&Z$Instrument type4 UV CCD Detectors with 35 mm f/2 optics[fډfA#R4&ZEnergy range5 to 7 eV\f6fA#R6&Z(Timing resolution~ 4 s{:ډffA#Rt&Z,Spectral resolutionn/a (Broadband imaging photometer)o.6f fA#R\&Z"Effective area2.5 cm**2 (each of 4 units)r1ffA#Rb&Z2Sensitivity (10 sigma)1 x 10**-9 erg/cm**2/se$ ffA#RH&Z FOV~ 1.7 sr (total for 4 units)n-fefA#RZ&Z>Angular resolution (1 sigma)+/- 3 arcsecff' The spacecraft hardware and software is being developed by Aeroastro (USA).Downlink frequencies: 137.963 (300 bps) & 2272 MHz7efFf1Ff}f@gHETE 27 f}f, (" HETE 2J$FfǍf& H High-Energy Transient Experiment1 }ff'  GeneralYǍfQfG#^$") Designationd#ffA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Oct 1999t'Qf)fM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_ffG#^0"H̀MissionScientificT)f܏fA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQf9fA#R ܏f9ffInclinationL ܏ffA#RPeriodn!9ffM#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL~Qfqf- (!SUThis satellite was funded to replace HETE which was lost right after launch.The prime objective of HETE is to carry out the first multiwavelength study of gamma-ray bursts with UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray instruments mounted on a single, compact spacecraft. A unique feature of the HETE mission is its capability to localize GRBs with ~10 arc second accuracy, in near real time aboard the spacecraft, and to transmit these positions directly to a network of receivers at existing ground-based observatories, enabling rapid, sensitive follow-up studies in the radio, IR, and optical bands.f2f+ $-˓FWHETE was carried inside the Dual Payload Attach Fixture on which SAC B was mounted, so it was trapped and was unable to deploy its solar panels.<qfnf' *O External resourcesU.2ff' \http://nis-www.lanl.gov/nis-projects/hete/8nff' "(OTechnical dataZ3fUf' f Omnidirectional Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (Fregate)[ffA#R4[Build byCESR (France)e$UffA#RH[$Instrument typeNaI(Tl); cleavedb!fwfA#RB[Energy range6 keV to > 1 MeV[ffA#R4[(Timing resolution4 mst3wfFfA#Rf[,Spectral resolution~40% @ 6 keV; ~7% @ 662 keV]ffA#R8["Effective area120 cm^2 ?Ff#fA#R~[2Sensitivity (10 sigma)3 x 10^-8 erg/cm**2/s for 8-1000 keVRfufA#R"[ FOV~ 2 pi sr^#ffA#R:[*Angular resolution~ 1 sr&uff# Bf;f' 6 Wide Field X-ray Monitorj)ffA#RR&ZBuild byRIKEN (Japan) and Los AlamosK;f1fA#R&Z$Instrument typeCoded Mask with Position Sensitive Proportional Counter]ffA#R8&ZEnergy range2 to 25 keV[1ffA#R4&Z(Timing resolution1 mse$fNfA#RH&Z,Spectral resolution~15% @ 6 keVn-ffA#RZ&Z"Effective area200 cm^2 (each of 2 units)}<Nf9fA#Rx&Z2Sensitivity (10 sigma)8 x 10^-9 erg/cm^2/s for 2-10 keVZffA#R2&Z FOV~ 2 sr (combined)l+9ffA#RV&Z>Angular resolution (1 sigma)+-6 arcmin&f%f# ;f`f' ( Soft X-ray CameraU%ffA#R(&ZBuild byMIT CSRw6`f,fA#Rl&Z$Instrument type4 CCD20 Detectors, 2 optical CCD22b!ffA#RB&ZEnergy range500 eV to 14 keVZ,ffA#R2&Z(Timing resolution1 sy8fafA#Rp&Z,Spectral resolution46 eV @ 525 eV, 129 eV @ 5.9 keVr1ffA#Rb&Z"Effective area6.1x6.1 cm^2 (each of 2 units)Qaf0gA#R &Zf0gf FOV~0.91 srf%fgA#RJ&ZDimension10 cm x 10 cm x 17.5 cm0g@g' The spacecraft hardware and software is being developed by Aeroastro (USA).Downlink frequencies: 137.963 (300 bps) & 2272 MHz1gqg1WqgggT+@gg) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&qgg# : g%g1 F(%ggg/gHipparcosBggg2 4""  Hipparcosv%gg&  HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite, named as a Greek astronomer of the 2nd century before JC: Hipparkhos1 gg4g'  Generalg ggG#^@") Designation20169 / 89062B[4ggA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1989m gcgM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuroper%ggM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomy`cg5gA#R>"Perigee/Apogee498/35889 kmUggA#R(Inclination6.5U5ggA#R(Period638.7 minn!gMgM#jB" &4D+Launch vehicleAriane V33gg' 7Was intended on geostationary 12W slot but its Mage motor didn't work. The data it provided from Nov 1989 on was recalculated to match its orbital position.Hipparcos observed 118274 stars with a precision between 0.0008 and 0.002 arcsec depending on the objects magnitude. 10000 double stars were observed including 7000 which were discovered by the satellite. It also discovered numerous variable stars.5MgDg'  End of life_ggA#R<"Out of service15 Aug 1993l+Dg gA#RVCauseStopped transmitting in June 1993&g5 g# < gq g' *O External resourcesqJ5 g g' http://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Projects/Hipparcos/hipparcos.html8q g g' "(OTechnical data8 gR g' " Specificationsi( g gA#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[R g gA#R4"Mass at launch1140 kgX gn gA#R.Payload mass200 kgS g gA#R$Diameter2.5 mOn g gA#RHeight3 mY gi gA#R0 Stabilization3 axisS g gA#R$DC power380 W^i g gA#R:$Design lifetime2.5 years& g@ g# M& g g' L Schmidt telescope & photon detector^@ g gA#R:*Telescope aperture0.29 m] gHgA#R8 Field of view0.9 x 0.9g& ggA#RL"Frequency bandvisible: 375-750 nmZHg gA#R2"Telemetry/dataS-band&g/g# B gqg1qgg3@gProgram: HispasatR/gg8 @6" Program: Hispasatd;qg3@g) "vv FSpanish telecommunig3@g/gcation program operated by Hispasat1gd@g1d@g@gA3@g@gA R&̀c̀c͉c͉Program: HispasatHispasat 1AHispasat 1BHispasat 1C1d@gAg1UAgVEgzEg?@gVAg# 8Hispasat's specificationsi(AgAgA#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[VAgBgA#R4PlatformEurostar 2000[AguBgA#R4"Mass at launch2120 kgZBgBgA#R2 Mass in orbit1325 kgXuBg'CgA#R.Payload mass280 kga BgCgA#R@Dimension2.21 x 1.7 x 1.9 mX'CgCgA#R.Solar array22.02 mYCg9DgA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYCgDgA#R0DC powerEOL: 3790 W]9DgDgA#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsg&DgVEgA#RLTelemetryKu-band (backup: S-band)$DgzEg" 1VEgEg1UEgHgHgBzEgEg# >Hispasat's direct TV missionXEgEFgA#R.0(Main transponders3ZEgFgA#R20,Backup transponders1WEFgFgA#R,0Power110 W (TWTA)UFgKGgA#R(0Bandwidth27 MHz\FgGgG#^*0"p>EIRP max58 dBW\KGgHgA#R60Polarizationcircular LYGg\HgA#R00Uplink12.1-12.5 GHz[HgHgA#R40Downlink17.3-17.7 GHz$\HgHg" 1Hg Ig1U IgeLgLgT1Hg`Ig# bHispasat's telecommunication to Europe missionX IgIgA#R.0(Main transponders8Z`IgJgA#R20,Backup transponders4VIghJgA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)q.JgJgC#V\0Bandwidth4 x 36 MHz2 x 46 MHz2 x 72 MHz\hJg5KgG#^*0"9wEIRP max51 dBWXJgKgA#R.0Polarizationlineark*5KgKgA#RT0Uplink14.0-14.25 GHz & 14.25-14.5 GHzm,KgeLgA#RX0Downlink12.5-12.75 GHz & 11.45-11.7 GHz$KgLg" 1eLgLg1ULgUOgyOg_<LgMg# xHispasat's telecommunication to America mission (Ku-band)XLgqMgA#R.0(Main transponders2ZMgMgA#R20,Backup transponders1WqMg"NgA#R,0Power110 W (TWTA)UMgwNgA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHz="NgNgG#^z0"P64Coverage and EIRP maxSouth and Central America: 53 dBWZwNgUOgA#R20Polarizationlinear V$NgyOg" 1UOgOg1UOg>gbg7yOgOg# (Hispasat's X-bandXOgEgA#R.0OgEgyOg(Main transponders1ZOggA#R20,Backup transponders1VEggA#R*0Power40 W (TWTA)UgJgA#R(0Bandwidth40 MHzN ggA#R0CoverageTJggA#R&0EIRP max42 dBWRg>gA#R"0Polarization$gbg" 1>gg1Ugg2gR/bgg# ^Hispasat's transponder frequency chart (GHz)Rgg#bQ]?O2JdtTransponderUplinkDownlinkBandwidthMainReserveCoverageDgg#,Q]?O  4<DLN1614.317 V11.517 H721B1Aswitchable Europe / America.g΅g#,\Q]?O 2:BJL714.317 H11.517 V721A1BEurope/gg#,^Q]?O  4<DLN1714.397 V11.597 H721A1BEurope.΅gg#,\Q]?O 2:BJL814.397 H11.597 V721B1AEuropeBgwg#,Q]?O  4<DHJ1814.464 V11.664 H461Bswitchable Europe / America,gQg#,XQ]?O 2:BFH914.468 H11.668 V541AEurope0wg/g#,`Q]?O  4<DLN1514.249 V12.015 V361B1AAmerica/Qg g#,^Q]?O 2:BJL614.249 H12.078 V361A1BAmerica3/gg#,fQ]?O *HPVZ\2317.32748 RHCP12.14944 LHCP27?DBS3 gΌg#,fQ]?O *HPVZ\2717.40420 RHCP12.22616 LHCP27?DBS3gg#,fQ]?O *HPVZ\3117.48092 RHCP12.30288 LHCP27?DBS3Όgg#,fQ]?O *HPVZ\3517.55764 RHCP12.37960 LHCP27?DBS3gqg#,fQ]?O *HPVZ\3917.63436 RHCP12.45632 LHCP27?DBS-gXg#,ZQ]?O  4<DqgXgbgHJ1014.035 V12.540 H541AEurope,qg2g#,XQ]?O 2:BFH114.039 H12.544 V461BEurope/Xgg#,^Q]?O  4<DLN1114.086 V12.591 H361B1AEurope.2gg#,\Q]?O 2:BJL214.086 H12.591 V361A1BEurope-gg#,ZQ]?O  4<DHJ1214.126 V12.631 H361BEurope,gg#,XQ]?O 2:BFH314.126 H12.631 V361AEurope/g}g#,^Q]?O  4<DLN1314.166 V12.671 H361A1BEurope.gYg#,\Q]?O 2:BJL414.166 H12.671 V361B1AEurope-}g4g#,ZQ]?O  4<DHJ1414.206 V12.711 H361AEurope,Ygg#,XQ]?O 2:BFH514.206 H12.711 V361BEurope$4g2g" 1gcg1cggY#2gg6 "N ,qn͉Country of originSpaino"qgLgM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseggG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit30Wn!LggM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V53P,gog$ XThe X-band payload failed on 18 Dec 19978gg' "(Technical dataogwgM h-ÀLj}ŸWG@~~|SpecificationsDirect TVTelecommunication to EuropeTelecommunication to AmericaX-bandTransponder frequency chart=gg' , EIRP coverage (dBW)|wgig9 Bp>9wP6鉂Direct TVTelecommunication to EuropeTelecommunication to AmericaBeacon: 12.7475 GHz vertical (backup in S-band)< gg1+g hhHispasat 1BLig h8 @*" Hispasat 1Bg hig1 g=h'  Generalg hhG#^@") Designation22723 / 93048A\=hhA#R6Launch date22 Jul 1993lhlhM#j>"N ,qn͉Country of originSpaino"hhM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationselh@hG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit30Wn!hhM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V58&@hh# 8h h' "(Technical datahhM h-ÀLj}ŸWG@~~|SpecificationsDirect TVTelecommunication to EuropeTelecommunication to AmericaX-bandTransponder frequency chart= hh' , EIRP coverage (dBW){hh9 Bp>9wP6鉂Direct TVTelecommunication to EuropeTelecommunication to AmericaBeacon: 12.749 GHz vertical (backup in S-band)< h h1W hUh GhHispasat 1CLhUh8 @*" Hispasat 1C1 hh'  GeneralYUhhG#^$") DesignationZh9hA#R2Launch datelate-1999lhhM#j>"N ,qn͉Country of originSpaino"9hhM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsehyhG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit30WahhG#^4" &Launch vehicleAtlasK'yh%h$ NSatellite worth approx. $85 million8h]h' "(Technical data;%hh) "$}ʃZone coverage8]hh' " Specificationsb!h2 hA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale[h hA#R4PlatformSpacebus 3000[2 h hA#R4"Mass at launch2800 kgS h; hA#R$ Mass in orbitO h hA#RDimensionQ; h hA#R Solar arrayY h4 hA#R0 Stabilization3 axisl+ h hA#RVDC powerEOL: 6000 W (+ NiH2 batteries)]4 h hA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearslH hi h$ Command: S-band (before GEO and emergency) & Ku-band (normal status)< h h' * Ku-band to America_i h hA#R<(Main transpondersup to 12Y h] hA#R0,Backup transpondersP h hA#RPower120 WU] hhA#R(Bandwidth36 MHz hhB#RCoverageAmerica (almost full South America excluding Portuguese speaking zones, Central America including islands and part of the US)Th"hA#R&EIRP max47 dBW<hhC#VxG/T maxAmerica: +1 dB/KEurope: +3 dB/KIberia: +8 dB/KR"h @hA#R"Polarizationh @hh&h2@h# ; @hm@h' ( Ku-band to Europe_2@h@hA#R<(Main transpondersup to 17Ym@h%AhA#R0,Backup transpondersP@huAhA#RPower120 WU%AhAhA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzYuAh#BhA#R0Coveragefull EuropeTAhwBhA#R&EIRP max47 dBW<#BhBhC#VxG/T maxAmerica: +1 dB/KEurope: +3 dB/KIberia: +8 dB/KRwBhHChA#R"Polarization&BhnCh# ;HChCh' ( Ku-band to Iberia_nChDhA#R<(Main transpondersup to 17YChaDhA#R0,Backup transpondersPDhDhA#RPower120 WUaDhEhA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzLDhEhA#RCoverageIberia peninsule + Balearic, Canary, Madeira and Azores islandsTEhEhA#R&EIRP max56 dBW<EhfFhC#VxG/T maxAmerica: +1 dB/KEurope: +3 dB/KIberia: +8 dB/KREhFhA#R"PolarizationQ-fFh Gh$ Ztotal simultaneous transponder in use: 221Fh:Gh1W:GhGhGhT+ GhGh) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&:GhGh# 1GhGh1Gh5HhPGh5Hh6 <6c̀"Hispasat 1C's EIRP1GhfHh1WfHhHhHhT+5HhHh) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&fHhHh# 4HhIh1?(qIhPIhjhHST< HhPIh2 4"  HSTzTIhIh&  Hubble Space Telescope, named as the American astrophysician Edwin Powell Hubble1 PIhIh'  Generalg IhbJhG#^@") Designation20580 / 90037B\IhJhA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1990t'bJh2KhM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesRJhKhA#R"OperatorNASAr%2KhKhM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomy^KhTLhA#R:"Perigee/Apogee589/598 kmVKhLhA#R*Inclination28.5RTLhLhA#R"Period96 minkLhgMhM#j<" &JDLaunch vehicleSTS 31RLhOOh: B]K\PThe Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the first of the Great Observatories launched, and is exploring our universe in the visible, ultraviolet, near-infrared regions of our electromagnetic spectrum. It was designed by Lynan Spitzer and proposed to NASA in the early 60ies. It is maintained by the Shuttle: first servicing mission: STS 61. Next missions planned: Feb 1997 (STS 82) and May 2000 (STS 106)Cost: $3 billion<gMhOh' *O External resourcesH!OOhOh' Bhttp://www.stsci.edu/top.html8Ohh' "(OTechnOhhHhical data8OhOh' " SpecificationsLh݀hB#T&Prime contractorLockheed (spacecraft)Perkin Elmer (mirror & telescope)\Oh9hA#R6"Mass at launch11250 kgT݀hhA#R&Diameter4.25 mR9h߁hA#R"Height13.1 m\h;hA#R6Solar array12 x 2.83 mY߁hhA#R0 Stabilization3 axisY;hhA#R0DC powerBOL: 5500 W]hJhA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearshh. *@ĘData acquisition via TDRSTelemetry: 2287.5 MHz (500 bps, 4 kbps, 32 kbps)Command: 2106 MHz (1/0.125 kbps)Data: 2255.5 MHz (1024 kbps)1 Jh7h'  Payloadb!hhA#RB4Primary mirror diameter2.4 m_7hhA#R<,Primary mirror mass800 kgl+hdhA#RV$Frequency bandsUV, visible and near IR[hhA#R4Resolution0.1 arcsecse$dh$hA#RH*Pointing stability0.007 arcsecsFhjh) ;Wide-Field Planetary Camera, Faint Object Camera (ESA), Faint Object Spectrograph, High Resolution Spectrograph, High Speed PhotometerThe WFPC 2 replaced the original camera on 1st servicing mission and Costar replaced the High Speed PhotometerOn the second servicing mission, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph replaced both GHRS (the Goddard High Res Spectrograph) and FOS (the Faint Object Spectrograph). NICMOS, the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer was added to overs the 0.8 to 2.5 micron spectral range.= $hh13 hhhProgram: ICO=jhh, ($" Program: ICOVhdh* "Intermediate Circular Orbit, also known as Inmarsat PGlobal mobile telephone system operated by ICO Global Communications, expected to begin service in 1999.The 12 satellites are worth: $1.3 billion. Under a separate agreement, Hughes will invest $93.8 million to become a strategic partner in ICO. The launch cost is estimated at $925 million (for 12 satellites) Cost per satellite: $275 million. The global cost of the program is estimated at $4.6 billion.TRW cancelled its Odyssey MEO satellite system and bought 7% of ICO ($150 million), becoming the largest shareholder in late 1997.<hh' *O External resources>dhދh' .http://www.ico.com/8hh' "(Technical dataދhڌh' ;First satellite will be launched by Atlas 2AS5 satellites will launch on Delta 33 satellites will launch on Zenit3 satellites will launch on Sea Launch2 h h'  OverviewSڌh_hA#R$ Orbit typeMEOc" hhA#RD Orbit range10335 km, circularc"_h%hA#RD &Nb of satellites10 + 2 backupShxhA#R$ Nb of planes2T%h̎hA#R& Inclination45_xh+hA#R< 2Nb beams per satellite121W̎hhA#R, Coverage12900 kmb!+h hA#RB Modulationcombined FDMA/TDMAh hjhg&hshA#RL *Mobile frequencies1980 - 2010 MHz[ hhA#R4 "Satellite mass2300 kgWsh%hA#R, CoverageWorldwided#hhA#RF &Operational date2000 (planned)R.%hh$ \6 satellites are needed to start operating8hh' " Specifications\hohA#R6&Prime contractorHughes]hhA#R8Platformmodified HS-601[oh'hA#R4"Mass at launch2750 kgShzhA#R$ Mass in orbitO'hhA#RDimensionQzhhA#R Solar arrayShmhA#R$ StabilizationYhhA#R0DC powerEOL: 8700 W]mh#hA#R8$Design lifetime12 yearshh' Will feature C- and S-band payloads. Links between terminals and satellites: 1.6/1.5 GHz, 1.6/2.4 GHz. Links between gateways and satellites: 5 and 7 GHzDesigned to work with terrestrial GSM1#h?h1W?hhhT+hh) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&?hh# ?hh1h?hhProgram: IDSCPGh?h2 4,"  Program: IDSCPhh) k Initial Defence Satellite Communication ProgramAmerican military program: 26 satellites of 45 kg on a 33000 km orbit launched between 1966 and 1968 to built the IDSCS network.<?hYh' *O External resourcesa:hh' thttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/dscs_1.htm9Yhh1 qh,hiIkonos 19 h,h, (" Ikonos 18hdh# *Also called CRSS 11 ,hh'  GeneralYdhhG#^$") DesignationZhHhA#R2Launch datelate 1997t'hhM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatescHhhG#^8"H̀MissionRemote sensingl+hhA#RV"Perigee/Apogee640 km (sun-synchronous)QhhA#R InclinationL h(hA#RPeriodlhhM#j>" &bnW"Launch vehicleAthena 2Q(hhA#R Launch site^hoh, (J[To be the first 1 meter commercial remote sensing satelliteOwned and operated by Eosat8hh' "(OTechnical data8ohh' " Specificationse$hDhA#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinN hhA#RPlatformZDhhA#R2"Mass at launch817 kgSh?hA#R$ Mass in orbitOhhA#RDimensionQ?hhA#R Solar arraySh>iA#R$h>ih StabilizationN hiA#RDC powerU>iiA#R($Design lifetimexii' Equipped with a Kodak digital camera. This payload will enable Ikonos 1 to collect 1-meter resolution panchromatic (gray-scale) resolution and 4-meter resolution, four-band multispectral (red, green, blue, near infrared) imagery of the Earth. The camera is comprised of a Kodak-designed and -manufactured focal plane array and a lightweight telescope using a state-of-the-art mirror fabricated with Kodaks advanced ion figuring technology. To speed the downloading of data to Space Imaging EOSATs ground receiving stations, the original 11-bit data will be compressed using Kodaks proprietary bandwidth compression technology.1ii1Wii+iT+ii) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&i+i# 9idi1dii<iIkonos 29 +ii, (" Ikonos 21 dii'  GeneralYi'iG#^$") DesignationYiiA#R0Launch datemid 1998t''iiM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesciWiG#^8"H̀MissionRemote sensingTiiA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQWiiA#R InclinationL iHiA#RPeriod\iiG#^*" &Launch vehicleQHiiA#R Launch siteG#i<i$ FWill be a duplicate of Ikonos 11imi1WmiiiT+<ii) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&mii# 6i i1 iS iAiImage6 iS i, (" ImageZ7 i i# nImager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration1 S i i'  GeneralY i7 iG#^$") Designation` i iA#R>Launch dateplanned in 2000t'7 i iM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States` ik iG#^2"H̀MissionScientific:T i iA#R&"Perigee/Apogee\k i iA#R6Inclinationpolar orbitL ig iA#RPeriodi i iM#j8" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta[g i+ iA#R4Launch siteVandenberg& iQ i# <+ i i' *O External resourcesFQ i i' >http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/8 i i' "(OTechnical data8 iCi' " SpecificationsZ iiA#R2&Prime contractorNASAN CiiA#RPlatformTi?iA#R&"Mass at launchSiiA#R$ Mass in orbitO?iiA#RDimensionQi>@iA#R i>@iiSolar arraySi@iA#R$ StabilizationN >@i@iA#RDC power\@i;AiA#R6$Design lifetime2 yearsnJ@iAi$ Will have the Far Ultraviolet Spectrographic Image instrument (Fuv-Si)1;AiAi1WAi.BiTBiT+Ai.Bi) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&AiTBi# ?.BiBi1*BiBiCiProgram: IMEWSGTBiBi2 4,"  Program: IMEWSBiCi) ; Integrated Multipurpose Early Warning SatelliteAmerican military program designed to warn on rocket launch or warhead fall. Equipped with IR detectors.8BiCi1D*CiDi+IiInjun 3@CiDi2 4"  Injun 31 CiIDi'  Generalg DiDiG#^@") Designation00504 / 62067B\IDi EiA#R6Launch date13 Dec 1962t'DiEiM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesa EiEiG#^4"H̀MissionScientific: _Ei@FiA#R<"Perigee/Apogee240/2406 kmVEiFiA#R*Inclination70.3U@FiFiA#R(Period112.1 minp#Fi[GiM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[FiGiA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&[GiGi# 5GiHi'  End of lifeVGigHiA#R*Decay25 Aug 1968&HiHi# <gHiHi' *O External resourcesb;Hi+Ii' vhttp://uss-enterprise.bu.edu/BUSPACE/INJUN3/injun3.htmlBHimIi1te`mIiIiiProgram: InmarsatR+IiIi8 @6E" Program: InmarsatXmIiLiC T+ (I}q󉂂(I}CIxINternational MARitime SATelliteInmarsat was created by the International Maritim Organization (dependent of the United Nations) on 16 Jul 1979. It is based in London and started working on 1 Feb 1982. Inmarsat must provide links between maritime mobiles and ground networks using geostationary satellites. The services are telephone, telex, fax and an access to the emergency system Sarsat/Cospas.Inmarsat's structure is close to Intelsat's one. It isn't dominated by the United States which enabled USSR to join in. Ii Ni9 @ F^nCIxThe organization gathered 48 members in 1986 and 64 in 1991. The first operational system opened in 1985. Transponders were leased on 6 satellites: Marisat, Marecs and Intelsat. With the success encountered Inmarsat decided in 1983 to operate its own satellites.Over 20 ground stations have been installed and in 1992 over 15000 terminals had been sold. The states that mostly participate in the funding are the United States, Norway, the UK and Japan.Lii' wInmarsat is also working on aeronautical links and a project of personnal communication medium. Inmarsat might develop low orbit satellites on polar orbits to cover Northern and Southern regions.Once the 3rd generation is fully deployed the 2nd generation satellites should be moved by 40 off their current position to allow frequency reuse. This would let Inmarsat offer new, long term services. Slots at 110E and 98W should be used. Nii+Ii1 Ni?i1A?iIi iIil =㐮):jGjGjGjG)rG*rG+rG,rG-rGProgram: InmarsatInmarsat 2F1Inmarsat 2F2Inmarsat 2F3Inmarsat 2F4Inmarsat 3F1Inmarsat 3F2Inmarsat 3F3Inmarsat 3F4Inmarsat 3F51?izi1ziiAIii# <Inmarsat 2's specificationsq0zi,iA#R`&Prime contractorBritish Aerospace (now MMS)[iiA#R4PlatformEurostar 1000=,iiN#lz*"2!p㉂Mass at launch1310 kg with Ariane1385 kg with Delta^ipiA#R: Mass in orbitBOL: 824 kgXiȃiA#R.Payload mass132 kg`pi(iA#R>Dimension1.6 x 1.5 x 2.6 m]ȃiiA#R8Solar array15.23 m spanY(iބiA#R0 Stabilization3 axist3iRiA#RfDC powerEOL: equinox: 1156 W, solstice: 1040 WXބiiA#R. Payload power660 W]RiiA#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsg&iniA#RLCapacity250 duplex voice channels{Tii' The Inmarsat system has downlinks in L-band that are uplinked in C-band (6 GHz) and uplinks in L-band are downlinked in C-band (4 GHz).The Inmarsat M standard defines the use on a 10 kg case which cover is the antenna. The uplink frequencies are 1.626-1.660 GHz and 1.525-1.559 GHz for download. Data can be transmitted at 2400 bauds.1nii1iiG$iai# HInmarsat 2's L-band (1.6/1.5 GHz)XiiA#R.0(Main transponders4ZaiiA#R20,Backup transponders2ViiiA#R*0Power45 W (TWTA)w5iiB#Tj0Bandwidthtotal: 18 MHz carriers: 5 and 22.5 KHzTii4iA#R&0CoverageglobalTiiA#R&0EIRP max39 dBWR4iڊiA#R"0 G/T12.5 dB/KRi,iA#R"0Polarizationb>ڊii$ |This capacity is used for communications with the mobiles.1,ii1iiG$ii# HInmarsat 2's C-band (6.4/3.6 GHz)Xi^iA#R.0(Main transponders1ZiiA#R20,Backup transponders1V^iiA#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)UiciA#R(0Bandwidth18 MHzTiiA#R&0CoverageglobalTci iA#R&0EIRP max24 dBWRi]iA#R"0 G/T14.0 dB/KR iiA#R"0PolarizationeA]ii$ This capacity is used for communications with earth stations.1iEi1EiiAii# <Inmarsat 3's specifications>EiiA#R|&Prime contractorLockheed Martin (formerly GE Astro Spaiiice)UifiA#R(PlatformGE 4000`iiA#R>"Mass at launch1850-2000 kgXfiiA#R.Payload mass208 kg`i~iA#R>Dimension2.1 x 1.8 x 1.7 mWiiA#R,Solar array16.7 mY~i.iA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTiiA#R&DC power2300 Wt3.iiA#Rf Payload powersunlight: 2138 W, eclipse: 1725 W]iSiA#R8$Design lifetime13 years]ii$ Equipped with Matra Marconi Space communications payload and a Star 37 solid apogee motor1Sii1UiiiG$iLi# HInmarsat 3's L-band (1.6/1.5 GHz)WiiA#R,(Main transpondersYLiiA#R0,Backup transpondersOiKiA#RPower20 Wn-iiA#RZBandwidthforward: 29 MHz, return: 39 MHzRKiNiC#V,Coverage & EIRP maxNavigation beam: global5 spots: 47.4 dBWGlobal: 40.5 dBWRiiA#R"Polarization$Nii" 1ii1UiiiG$iiM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!iiA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#>iiM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #200&i6i# : ipi- */ۀ Location6iim#:   " BeginEndPosition%piij#J$<>L: 30 Oct 1991> Jan 199463E)iij#R,.Jun 1994Apr 199664.5E, inclined iij#@Nov 1996178E, inclined<i j$ 0Tel: 873, Telex: 583i ji8iDj' "(Technical data\% jj7 >J'ł'łSpecificationsL-bandC-band= Djj1j*jjInmarsat 2F2Mj*j8 @,E" Inmarsat 2F27jaj# (Also called AOR-E1 *jj'  Generalg ajjG#^@") Designation21149 / 91018A[jTjA#R4Launch date8 Mar 1991t'jjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"Tj7jM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!jjA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#7j jM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #203<jEj$ 0Tel: 871, Telex: 581: jj- */ۀ LocationEj jm#:   " BeginEndPosition.jjj#\"68L: 8 Mar 1991Sep 199615.5W, inclined! j,jj#BJan 199755.5W, inclined&jRj# 8,jj' "(Technical data\%Rjj7 >J'ł'łSpecificationsL-bandC-band= j#j16#jpj' jInmarsat 2F3Mjpj8 @,E" Inmarsat 2F35#jj# $Also called POR1 pjj'  Generalg j=jG#^@") Designation21814 / 91084B\jjA#R6Launch date16 Dec 1991t'=j jM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"j| jM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb! j jA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!| jL jM#jB" &dD+Launch vehicleAriane V48< j j$ 0Tel: 872, Telex: 582: L j j- */ۀ Location jL jm#:   " BeginEndPosition. j jj#\$8:L: 16 Dec 1991Mar 1997178E, inclinedL jm jj#>Mar 199765E, inclined& j j# 8m j j' "(Technical data\% j' j7 >J'ł'łSpecificationsL-bandC-band= jd j1 d j jDjInmarsat 2F4M' j j8 @,E" Inmarsat 2F47d j j# (Also called AOR-W1 jj'  Generalg jjG#^@") Designation21940 / 92021B\jjA#R6Launch date15 Apr 1992t'jPjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"jjM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!Pj-@jA#RB,j-@j' jGeostationary orbitsee belown!j@jM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V50&-@j@j# : @j@j- */ۀ Location@jAjm#:   " BeginEndPosition'@jBjj#N$@BL: 15 Apr 1992end of tests32W+AjBjj#V 46end of testsJul 199754W, inclinedBj4Cjj#>Oct 199717W, inclined<BjpCj$ 0Tel: 874, Telex: 58484CjCj' "(Technical data\%pCjDj7 >J'ł'łSpecificationsL-bandC-band= CjADj1>ADjDjHjInmarsat 3F1MDjDj8 @,E" Inmarsat 3F11 ADjDj'  Generalg Dj&EjG#^@") Designation23839 / 96020A[DjEjA#R4Launch date3 Apr 1996t'&EjEjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"EjdFjM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseEjFjG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit64Eu(dFj>GjM#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #996FjtGj$ $Tested at 27E8>GjGj' "(Technical data\%tGjHj7 >JQ#0.ł.łSpecificationsL-bandC-band= GjEHj1 wEHjHjLjInmarsat 3F2MHjHj8 @,E" Inmarsat 3F21 EHjHj'  Generalg Hj*IjG#^@") Designation24307 / 96053A[HjIjA#R4Launch date6 Sep 1996t'*IjIjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"IjhJjM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseIjJjG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit16Wo"hJjJQ#0.ł.łSpecificationsL-bandC-band= KjQLj1>QLjLj+jInmarsat 3F3MLjLj8 @,E" Inmarsat 3F31 QLjLj'  Generalg Lj6MjG#^@") Designation24674 / 96070A\LjMjA#R6Launch date18 Dec 1996t'6MjNjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"MjuNjM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^NjNjA#R:,Geostationary orbit178Wq$uNjDOjM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2A #104G#NjOj$ FWent operational on 25 Jan 19978DOjOj' "(Technical data\%Oj+j7 >JQ#0.ł.łSpecOj+jLjificationsL-bandC-band= Ojhj1w;hjjjInmarsat 3F4M+jj8 @,E" Inmarsat 3F41 hjj'  Generalg jMjG#^@") Designation24819 / 97027A[jjA#R4Launch date3 Jun 1997t'MjjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"jjM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsejjG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit54Wn!j^jM#jB" &:E+Launch vehicleAriane V97G#jj$ FEntered service on 26 July 19978^j݃j' "(Technical dataDj!j0 0(.ł.łL-bandC-band8݃jYj' " Specificationse$!jjA#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinN Yj jA#RPlatform[jgjA#R4"Mass at launch2000 kgZ jjA#R2 Mass in orbit1149 kgTgjjA#R&Dry mass895 kg`jujA#R>Dimension3.2 x 2.3 x 2.1 m\jцjA#R6Solar array20.7 m spanYuj*jA#R0 Stabilization3-axisYцjjA#R0DC powerBOL: 3726 W]*jjA#R8$Design lifetime13 years&jj# = jCj1Cjj\jInmarsat 3F5Mjj8 @,E" Inmarsat 3F51 Cjj'  Generalg j(jG#^@") Designation25153 / 98006B[jjA#R4Launch date4 Feb 1998t'(jjM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"jfjM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg j͊jG#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit24.5Eo"fjj5j# 6Insat 1's specificationsd#jjA#RF0&Prime contractorFord AerospaceS5jjA#R$0PlatformINSAT[jGjA#R40"Mass at launch1152 kgYjjA#R00 Mass in orbit650 kgc"GjjA#RD0Dimension2.18 x 1.42 x 1.55 mj)jmjA#RR0Solar arrayasymmetric panel, 11.5 mYjjA#R00 Stabilization3 axisTmjjA#R&0DC power1185 W\jvjA#R60$Design lifetime7 years$jj" 1vjj1Uj_jjD!jj# BInsat 1's S-band (2.6/5.9 GHz)XjgjA#R.0(Main transponders2ZjjA#R20,Backup transponders1VgjjA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)OjfjA#R0BandwidthSjjA#R$0CoverageIndiaTfj jA#R&0EIRP max42 dBWRj_jA#R"0Polarization$ jj" 1_jj1UjAjej6jj# &Insat 1's C-bandYjCjA#R00(Main transponders12YjjA#R00,Backup transpondersWCjjA#R,0Power4.5 W (TWTA)UjHjA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzSjjA#R$0CoverageIndiaTHjjA#R&0EIRP max32 dBWRjAjA#R"0Polarization$jej" 1Ajj1Ujnjj7ejj# (Insat 1's payloadX+j%j- *V  VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer)x6jjB#Tl4Wavebands0.55-0.75 m (visible)10.5-12.5 m (IR)k)%jjB#TR4Resolutionvisible: 2.75 kmIR: 11 kmf%jnjA#RJ42Image repeat frequency30 minutes$jj" 1njj12jk>jj# 6Insat 2's specifications_j`jA#R<0&Prime contractorISRO/ISACTjjA#R&0PlatformINSAT2[`jjA#R40"Mass at launch1906 kgZjijA#R20 Mass in orbit1162 kgb!jjA#RB0Dimension1.93 x 1.64 x 1.7 mb!ij9kA#RB0j9kjSolar arrayasymmetric pannelYjkA#R00 Stabilization3 axisT9kkA#R&0DC power1400 W\kBkA#R60$Design lifetime7 yearsakk* $qAlso equipped with 2 single channels for data and search & rescue(Sarsat): 402.75 & 406 MHz1Bkk1UkkkD!kBk# BInsat 2's S-band (2.6/5.9 GHz)XkkA#R.0(Main transponders2ZBkkA#R20,Backup transponders1VkJkA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)UkkA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzSJkkA#R$0CoverageIndiaTkFkA#R&0EIRP max42 dBWVkkA#R*0PolarizationLHCP$Fkk" 1kk1Ukkk6k'k# &Insat 2's C-bandYkkA#R00(Main transponders18Y'kkA#R00,Backup transpondersPk)kA#R0Power4.5 WUk~kA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzS)kkA#R$0CoverageIndiaT~k%kA#R&0EIRP max32 dBW\kkA#R60PolarizationH/V linear$%kk" 1kk1Uk k k7k k# (Insat 2's payloadX+kek- *V  VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer)y7 kkB#Tn4Wave bands0.55-0.75 m (visible)10.5-12.5 m (IR)g%ekE kB#TJ4Resolutionvisible: 2 kmIR: 8 kmf%k kA#RJ42Image repeat frequency30 minutes$E k k" 9 k k1t kQ kkInsat 1AI kQ k8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndia4E k8 kS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorology] k kA#R8,Geostationary orbit74Es&8 k kM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #161R. kZ k$ \Insurance paid $64 million for the failure5 k k'  End of life^Z k kA#R:"Out of service4 Sep 1982f% kSkA#RJCauseSolar panel didn't open out& kyk# 8Skk' "(Technical datam/ykk> L^F LUSpecificationsS-bandC-bandPayload9kWk1WkklDkInsat 1BIkk8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndia4@kAkS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorology] AkAkA#R8,Geostationary orbit74EjAkZBkM#j:" &㬜Launch vehicleSTS 08AkCk% #The deployment of one antenna was difficult and was not succeeded until mid Sep 1983. Went operational in Nov 1983. Became spare in Jul 1990.5ZBkECk'  End of life\CkCkA#R6"Out of serviceAug 1993&ECkCk# 8CkCk' "(Technical datam/CklDk> L^F LUSpecificationsS-bandC-bandPayload9CkDk1]tDkDkJkInsat 1CIlDkDk8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndia4EkFkS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorology_NFk4GkA#R<,Geostationary orbit93.5En!FkGkM#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V244GkaHk& 3It had difficulties to deloy its solar array. After a power failure, only half its payload was functional.Insurance paid $72 million for the failure5GkHk'  End of life_aHkHkA#R<"Out of service22 Nov 1989ZHkOIkA#R2CauseEarth lock lost&HkuIk# 8OIkIk' "(Technical datam/uIkJk> L^F LUSpecificationsS-bandC-bandPayload9IkSJk1SJkJkOkInsat 1DIJkJk8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndia4KkLkS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorologyeKkLkG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit83Es&Lk[MkM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #196LkINk% Was damaged when a crane hook (34 kg) fell on it at the launch site. Damages were worth $10 million reparation. While being repared it suffered further damages (October 1989 California earthquake).8[MkNk' "(Technical dataMINkOkF \uF LUC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsS-bandC-bandPayload1NkEOk1EOkOkV OkOk6 "N ,&‰Country of originIndia4kkS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorologyektkG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit74En!kkM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V51&tkk# 8k@k' "(Technical dataMkӃkF \w ZGUEF&XC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsS-bandC-bandPayload1@kk1k_k[%Ӄk_k6 "N ,&‰Country of originIndia4ՅkȆkS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorologyg Ak/kG#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit93.5En!ȆkkM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V58&/kÇk# 8kk' "(Technical dataMÇkkF \w ZGUEF&XC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsS-bandC-bandPayload9kLjk1]WLjkkkInsat 2CIkk8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndiao"kފkM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg okEkG#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit93.5En!ފkkM#jB" & E+Launch vehicleAriane V81Ek{k- (7DVUnlike other satellites of the program, Insat 2C is totally devoted to telecommunications and doesn't have any meteorology payload.Tested at 92.5E8kk' "(OTechnical data9{kk' $ EIRP maps (dBW)X(kDk0 0PU؀U؉C-band, standardC-band, extended8k|k' " Specifications_DkۍkA#R<0&Prime contractorISRO/ISACT|k/kA#R&0PlatformINSAT2[ۍkkA#R40"Mass at launch2020 kgS/kݎkA#R$0 Mass in orbitb!k?kA#RB0Dimension1.93 x 1.64 x 1.7 mb!ݎkkA#RB0Solar arrayasymmetric pannelY?k kA#R00 Stabilization3 axisk kkYkekA#R00DC powerBOL: 1600 W] kkA#R80$Design lifetime10 years#ekk' The internal LAM (Liquid Apogee Motor) was built by ISRO with its Indian industrial partners.The satellite will have a meteorology payload made of a VHRR with an additional water vapour channel and a 1-km resolution, 3-visible-channel CCD camera.>k#k' . S-band (2.6/5.9 GHz)Xk{kA#R.0(Main transponders3Y#kkA#R00,Backup transpondersV{k*kA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)UkkA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzS*kkA#R$0CoverageIndiaTk&kA#R&0EIRP max42 dBWVk|kA#R*0PolarizationLHCPF"&kk$ DAimed at mobile communications0 |kk'  C-bando.kakA#R\(Main transponders17 + 6 (extended C-band)YkkA#R0,Backup transpondersPak kA#RPower4.5 WUk_kA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzx7 kkA#RnCoveragebetween the Middle East and southeast AsiaA_kfkN#l*U؉U؉EIRP maxstandard: 32 dBW2 extended transponders: 34 dBW\kkA#R6PolarizationH/V linear@fkk$ 8Aimed at TV broadcasting1 k3k'  Ku-bandXkkA#R.(Main transponders3Y3kkA#R0,Backup transpondersK k/kA#RPowerOk~kA#RBandwidthN /kkA#RCoverageN ~kkA#REIRP maxRklkA#R"Polarizationikk$ Aimed at business communications among India's frou major cities (Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras)1lk*k1*kk`*kk6 "N ,&‰Country of originIndiao"kkkM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]kkA#R8,Geostationary orbit74En!kk6kM#jB" &:E+Launch vehicleAriane V97kSl' Cost: $50 million to build and $64 million to launch, some sources claim total $148 millionWent operational in July 1997. Encountered a few problems before dyi6kSlkng in Oct 1997. Insurances are to pay approx $65 million for the loss56kl'  End of life^SllA#R:"Out of service5 Oct 1997nllA#RCauseAfter a power problem (short-circuit on 1 Oct 1997), the attitude was lost and could not be regained&ll# 8ll' "(OTechnical data8l+l' " Specifications_llA#R<0&Prime contractorISRO/ISACT+llA#R&0PlatformINSAT2[l9lA#R40"Mass at launch2079 kgSllA#R$0 Mass in orbitt39llA#Rf0Dimension1.7 x 1.93 x 2.99 m (14.7 m deployed)b!lblA#RB0Solar arrayasymmetric pannelYllA#R00 Stabilization3 axisYbllA#R00DC powerBOL: 1910 W]lqlA#R80$Design lifetime10 years&ll# >qll' . S-band (2.6/5.9 GHz)Xl-lA#R.0(Main transponders1YllA#R00,Backup transpondersK -llA#R0PowerOl lA#R0BandwidthSlslA#R$0CoverageIndiaN llA#R0EIRP maxRsllA#R"0Polarization&l9l# 0 lil'  C-bandY9llA#R0(Main transponders18Yil lA#R0,Backup transpondersK lf lA#RPowerO l lA#RBandwidthx7f l- lA#RnCoveragebetween the Middle East and southeast AsiaN l{ lA#REIRP maxR- l lA#R"Polarization&{ l l# 1 l$ l'  Ku-bandX l| lA#R.(Main transponders3Y$ l lA#R0,Backup transpondersK | l lA#RPowerO lo lA#RBandwidthN l lA#RCoverageN o l lA#REIRP maxR l] lA#R"Polarization& l l# 9] l l1D<8 lllInsat 2EI ll8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndia4l @lS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorology`l @l l_`lk@lA#R<,Geostationary orbit83.5Ej @l@lM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeQk@l&AlA#R Launch site[@lAlA#R4"Mass at launch2500 kg$&AlBl% Intelsat will pay India's Department of Space $100 million over 10 years, beginning in January 1998, for the use of 11 transponders. A special capability will be built into the satellite for use by Intelsat in addition to the INSAT system requirement.8AlBl' "(Technical dataEBl"Cl) "8V#3EIRP map coverage (dBW)0 BlRCl'  C-band]"ClClA#R8(Main transponders15 + 2YRClDlA#R0,Backup transpondersK ClSDlA#RPowerf$DlDlB#THBandwidth15 x 36 MHz2 x 72 MHzCSDl?ElC#V,Coverage & EIRP maxQuasi globalWide beam: 36 dBWZone: 36 dBWM DlElA#RG/T maxq0?ElElA#R`Polarizationlinear (uplink: H, downlink: V)EElFlB#TFrequenciesuplink: 5.850 - 6.650 GHzdownlink: 3.400 - 4.200 GHzc?ElFl$ ~Beacons: 4.190976 GHz (primary) and 4.197504 GHz (maneuver)K$Fl2Gl' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)fFl5Hl# U1 , J v  Horizontal UplinkTransponderVertical DownlinkIntelsat useBeams (uplink/dowlink)$2GlHl#HU1&026.47013.445yeswide/zone$5HlIl#HU1&026.51023.485yeswide/zone$HlEJl#HU1&026.55033.525yeswide/zone$IlJl#HU1&026.59043.565yeswide/zone$EJlKl#HU1&026.63053.605yeswide/zone-Jl^Ll#ZU1*8BD5.8906 (72 MHz)3.665yeswide/wide!Kl Ml#BU1&*,5.95073.725wide/zone!^LlMl#BU1&*,5.99083.765wide/wide! MleNl#BU1&*,6.03093.805wide/zone"MlOl#DU1(,.6.070103.845wide/wide"eNlOl#DU1(,.6.110113.885wide/zone"Ol{l#DU1Ol{l l(,.6.150123.925wide/wide"Ol)l#DU1(,.6.190133.965wide/zone%{lځl#JU1(246.230144.005yeswide/wide%)ll#JU1(246.270154.045yeswide/wide"ځl9l#DU1(,.6.310164.085wide/zone.ll#\U1,:DF6.37017 (72 MHz)4.145yeswide/wide&9ll# 1lJl1WJllĄlT+ll) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&JlĄl# 1ll1lKlV ĄlKl6 J)00SpecificationsS-bandC-band9ll1 wl҉llInsat 3AIPl҉l8 @$"N ,&‰Country of originIndia4llS#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorologyY!llA#R0,Geostationary orbit\l]lG#^*" &Launch vehicleQllA#R Launch site&]lԌl# 8l l' "(OTechnical data8ԌlDl' " SpecificationsV llA#R*&Prime contractorUDllA#R(PlatformINSAT 3ZlIlA#R2"Mass at launch2500kgSllA#R$ Mass in orbitOIllA#RDimensionQllA#R(ݏl>lPl$Design lifetimeݏll& 7The satellites Insat 3-B, 3-C, 3-D also weigh 2500kg. Insat 3-E weighs 3500kg. It would carry an upgraded bus capable of carrying 20 Ku band channels.0 >l/l'  C-bandWllA#R,(Main transpondersY/llA#R0,Backup transpondersK l*lA#RPowerOlylA#RBandwidthC*llC#V,Coverage & EIRP maxQuasi globalWide beam: 36 dBWZone: 36 dBWM ylLlA#RG/T maxRllA#R"Polarization&Lll# 1ll1WlIlolT+lIl) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&lol# 8Ill1RlllIntasat@oll2 4"  Intasat1 ll'  Generalg llG#^@") Designation07531 / 74089C\llA#R6Launch date15 Nov 1974llGlM#j>"N ,qn͉Country of originSpainy,llM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study`Gl lA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1441/1455 kmWlwlA#R,Inclination101.9U llA#R(Period114.8 mins&wl?lM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #104[llA#R4"Mass at launch24.5 kgnJ?ll$ Studies the ionosphere's density and its movement throughout the year.9lAl1{Alzl_lIntegral9 lzl, (" Integral All& European satellite to be launched in Apr 2001 by Proton. The launch is provided against 25% of the observation time to Russian scientists.Integral is a 4-ton gamma-astronomy satellite. It will be placed on an elliptical orbit.<zll' * External resourcesoHl2l' http://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Projects/Integral/integral.html8ljl' "(OTechnical data&2ll# 5jll' O Instrumentssl_l' Spectrometer SpiImager IbisX-Ray Monitor Jem-XOptical Monitoring Camera OmcIntegral Science Data Centre Isdc1ll1Wll lT+_ll) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&l l# BlLl1*LllmProgram: IntelsatR ll8 @6%D" Program: IntelsatLll6 : MiP/:INTernational TELecommunication SATelliteIntelsat was created by 11 states (leaded by the United States) on 24 Aug 1964. The Comsat (controled by the US federal government) was created to manage the system because the US had 61% of the voting part. In 1979 the structure changed so that each member can't possess more that 40% of the voting parts.Since 1966, all the continents are covered by Intelsat and nowadays numerous services are offered. Intelsat counts 142 members.*lm+ $The commercial arm of Intelm llsat, temporarily called New Skies Satellites (http://www.newskies.com/), was created in April 1998. This company is based in the Netherlands. Initially 6 satellites should be transfered to the new entity (703, 803, 806, K, 513 and KTV plus rights to Ka-band at 95E & 40.5W). Those satellites are worth $700 million. Intelsat should keep 10% of the company with non-voting shares. The maximum shareholder ownership was set at 17%. The ownership will be diluted through an IPO.1l m1U mBm)Bm?m_m) ",CIxProgram: Intelsat mm}#ʀ4(rĀ $(,0Intelsat 101H_mm#"Ā""ĉ (DĀ (hĀ Intelsat 201Intelsat 202Intelsat 203Intelsat 204Xmm#"Ā""ĉ (DĀ (hĀ (Ā Intelsat 301Intelsat 302Intelsat 303Intelsat 304Intelsat 3056mm#l"Ā"ĉ"Bĉ dhIntelsat 306Intelsat 307Intelsat 308Xmm#"Ā""ĉ (DĀ (h Ā (!Ā Intelsat 401Intelsat 402Intelsat 403Intelsat 404Intelsat 405:mem#t("Ā ($#Ā (H$Ā lpIntelsat 406Intelsat 407Intelsat 408]mim#" "$  (H  (n  (  Intelsat 4A01Intelsat 4A02Intelsat 4A03Intelsat 4A04Intelsat 4A05emmz#Ā4" $(,0Intelsat 4A06Xim m#"VĀ""Wĉ (DXĀ (hYĀ (ZĀ Intelsat 501Intelsat 502Intelsat 503Intelsat 504Intelsat 505Vm m#"[Ā"\ĉ"B]ĉ (d^Ā (Ā Intelsat 506Intelsat 507Intelsat 508Intelsat 509Intelsat 510X m m#(Ā ($Ā "HĀ"jĉ (Ā Intelsat 511Intelsat 512Intelsat 513Intelsat 514Intelsat 515X m m#" Ā"" ĉ (D Ā (h Ā ( Ā Intelsat 601Intelsat 602Intelsat 603Intelsat 604Intelsat 605) m m#R(ƀ " 㿩ĀB HNIntelsat KIntelsat KTVR mm#"Ā"ĉBĉbĉ"ĉ Intelsat 701Intelsat 702Intelsat 703Intelsat 704Intelsat 705J mxm#(Ā ($Ā (HĀ (lĀ Intelsat 706Intelsat 707Intelsat 708Intelsat 709Zm@m#*(Ā ($Ā (HĀ (lxm@mmĀ (Ā Intelsat 801Intelsat 802Intelsat 803Intelsat 804Intelsat 805xm&Am#Ѐ6(Ā $(.2Intelsat 806G@mBm#(:#Ā ($;#Ā "H<#Āj=#ĉIntelsat 901Intelsat 902Intelsat 903Intelsat 904$&Am)Bm" 1BmZBm1ZBmEmA)BmBm# <Intelsat 2's specificationsZZBmBmA#R20"Mass at launch162 kgXBmMCmA#R.0 Mass in orbit86 kgL BmCmA#R0LengthQMCmCmA#R 0Width1.42 mRCmGmfHm$ 4Allows multiple access1(HmHm1UHmKmKmAfHmHm# <Intelsat 3's specificationsZHm2ImA#R20"Mass at launch293 kgYHmImA#R00 Mass in orbit151 kgL 2ImImA#R0LengthQIm(JmA#R 0Width1.41 mRImzJmA#R"0Height2.02 mb!(JmJmA#RB0 Stabilizationspin stabilizedd"zJm@KmB#TD0DC powerBOL: 160 WEOL: 125 W\JmKmA#R60$Design lifetime5 years$@KmKm" 1KmKm1UKmMmNm9Km*Lm# ,Intelsat 3's C-bandXKmLmA#R."(Main transponders2O*LmLmA#R"Power11 WVLm'MmA#R*"Bandwidth225 MHzTLm{MmA#R&"EIRP max23 dBWs2'MmMmA#Rd"Capacity1500 phone circuits and 2 TV channels${MmNm" 1MmCNm1UCNmUmymANmNm# <Intelsat 4's specifications[CNmNmA#R40"Mass at launch1415 kgYNm8OmA#R00 Mass in orbit700 kgL NmOmA#R0LengthQ8OmOmA#R 0Width2.38 mROm3mA#R"0Om3mNmHeight5.28 mb!OmmA#RB0 Stabilizationspin stabilizedd"3mmB#TD0DC powerBOL: 600 WEOL: 400 W\mUmA#R60$Design lifetime7 years$mym" 1Umm1Ummm9ymm# ,Intelsat 4's C-bandYmIntelsat 4A's specifications[5m҄mA#R40"Mass at launch1515 kgYwm+mA#R00 Mass in orbit793 kgL ҄mwmA#R0LengthQ+mȅmA#R 0Width2.38 mRwmmA#R"0Height6.93 mk*ȅmmA#RT0 StabilisationSpin stabilized (60 rpm)d"mmB#TD0DC powerBOL: 700 WEOL: 500 W\mEmA#R60$Design lifetime7 years$mim" 1Emm1mm:imԇm# .Intelsat 4A's C-bandYm-mA#R0"(Main transponders20XԇmmA#R."Power6.5 W or 8 W?U-mڈmA#R("Bandwidth36 MHzXmvmD#X"0Coverage andEIRP maxGlobal: 22 dBWHemispheric (2 beams): 26 dBWSpot beam: 29 dBWs2ڈmmA#Rd"Capacity6000 phone circuits and 2 TV channelstvmm$ First generation with separated hemispheric beams which allowed the reuse of same frequencies on the 2 antennas.1mm1Umm mAmm# <Intelsat 5's specificationsd#mWmA#RF0&Prime contractorFord AerospaceXmmA#R.0PlatformIntelsat 5[Wm mA#R40"Mass at launch1900 kgZmdmA#R20 Mass in orbit1040 kgD mmA#R0Payload mass233.5 kg: transponders: 174.6 kg, antennas: 58.9 kgt3dm]mA#Rf0Dimension1.66 x 2 x 1.77 m (with tower: 6.4 m)]mmA#R80Solar array15.58 m span?]m;mB#T~0DC powerBOL: 1800 WEOL: equinox: 1400 W, solstice: 1288 WZmmA#R20 Payload power753.8 WY;mmA#R00 Stabilization3 axis\mJmA#R60$Design lifetime7 yearst3mmA#Rf0Capacity12000 phone circuits and 2 TV channels$Jm m" m mm1m=m1=m"m9 mvm# ,Intelsat 5's L-bandX=mmA#R.0(Main transponders2Yvm'mA#R00,Backup transpondersK mrmA#R0PowerO'mmA#R0BandwidthN rmmA#R0CoverageTmcmA#R&0EIRP max33 dBWRmmA#R"0PolarizationmCcm"m* $㐮):Only on 505 to 509. Those transponders are leased to Inmarsat1mSm1]Smm9"mm# ,Intelsat 5's C-bandYSmmA#R00(Main transponders21Ym>mA#R00,Backup transpondersKmmB#T0PowerGlobal, hemispheric and zone beams: 8.5 W (TWTA)Spot beam: 4.5 W\>m'mA#R60Bandwidth36 and 72 MHzGmmC#V00Coverage andEIRP maxGlobal: 23.5 dBWHemispheric and zone: 29 dBW^'mmA#R:0Polarizationcircular R/L\mkmA#R60Frequencies3.7-4.2 GHz`mmA#R>0Beacons3.9475 & 3.9525 GHzkmm% First generation with orthogonal polarizations. Together with the use of 2 separated hemispheric beams more frequency space could be saved.1mm1Um]mm:mm# .Intelsat 5's Ku-bandXmBmA#R.0(Main transponders6ZmmA#R20,Backup transponders4VBmmA#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)@mtmB#T0Bandwidth2 transponders of 72 MHz2 transponders of 241 MHzZmmA#R20Coverage2 spot beamsl*tm:mB#TT0EIRP maxWest: 44.4 dBWEast: 41.1 dBWXmmA#R.0Polarizationlineark*:mmA#RT0Frequencies10.9-11.7 & 11.7-11.95 GHz`m]mA#R>0Beacons11.198 & 11.452 GHz$mm" 1]mm1UmnnBmm# >Intelsat 5A's specificationsd#mXmA#RF&Prime contractorFord AerospaceXmmA#R.PlatformIntelsat 5[Xm mA#R4"Mass at launch1900 kgZmemA#R2 Mass in orbit1040 kgD mmA#RPayload mass262.7 kg: transponders: 187.2 kg, antennas: 58.9 kg`emJmA#R>Dimension1.66 x 2 x 1.77 m]mmA#R8Solar array15.58 m span?Jm(mB#T~DC powerBOL: 1800 WEOL: equinox: 1427 W, solstice: 1351 WZmmA#R2 Payload power875.3 WY(mmA#R0 Stabilization3 axis\mCnA#R6mCnm$Design lifetime7 yearsYmnA#R0"Phone circuits15000[CnnA#R4.Reserved TV channels2$nn" 1nLn1ULnnn:nn# .Intelsat 5A's C-bandYLnnA#R00(Main transponders32[n:nA#R40,Backup transponders12LnnB#T0PowerGlobal, hemispheric and zone beams: 8.5 W (TWTA)Spot beams: 4.5 W\:n$nA#R60Bandwidth36 and 72 MHzannD#X00Coverage andEIRP maxGlobal: 23.5 dBWHemispheric and zone beams: 29 dBWSpot beam: 32.5 dBW^$n'nA#R:0Polarizationcircular R/L\nnA#R60Frequencies3.7-4.2 GHzn-'nnA#RZ0Beacons3.9475, 3.948, 3.952 & 3.9525 GHz$nn" 1nFn1UFn n< n;nn# 0Intelsat 5A's Ku-bandXFnnA#R.0(Main transponders6Zn3nA#R20,Backup transponders4VnnA#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)@3n nB#T0Bandwidth2 transponders of 72 MHz2 transponders of 241 MHzZnenA#R20Coverage2 spot beamsl* nnB#TT0EIRP maxWest: 44.4 dBWEast: 41.1 dBWXen)nA#R.0PolarizationlinearMnnB#T0Frequencies10.9-11.7 & 11.7-11.95 GHz+ 12.5-12.75 GHz on 513 & 515 only`)n nA#R>0Beacons11.198 & 11.452 GHz$n< n" 1 nm n1m nnA< n n# <Intelsat 6's specifications\m n nA#R6&Prime contractorHughes` nj nA#R>PlatformIntelsat 6 (HS389)\ n nA#R6"Mass at launch~4300 kgZj n nA#R2 Mass in orbit2560 kg? n nA#R~Payload mass660 kg: transponders: 332 kg, antennas: 330 kgT n nA#R&Diameter3.63 mb! nV nA#RBHeight6.4 m (11.84 m stowed)? n nB#T~DC powerBOL: 2600 WEOL: equinox: 2204 W, solstice: 2083 WZV n1 nA#R2 Payload power~1600 Wb! n nA#RB StabilizationSpin stabilized]1 n nA#R8$Design lifetime13 yearsl+ n\nA#RV"Phone circuits24000 (120000 with DCME)[ nnA#R4.Reserved TV channels3P,\nn$ X2 telemetry and remote control antennas.1n8n1U8nBnCn9nqn# ,Intelsat 6's C-bandY8nnA#R00(Main transponders38[qn1@nA#R40n1@nn,Backup transponders12On@nB#T0Power(6+2) transponders of 16 W (TWTA)(32+10) transponders of 10 W (SSPA)`1@n"AnA#R>0Bandwidth36, 41 and 72 MHzP@nAnD#X00Coverage andEIRP maxGlobal beam: 26.5 dBWHemispheric: 29 dBWZone: 31 dBW^"AnBnA#R:0Polarizationcircular R/L]AnqBnA#R80Frequencies3.62-4.2 GHzn-BnBnA#RZ0Beacons3.9475, 3.948, 3.952 & 3.9525 GHz$qBnCn" 1Bn4Cn1U4CnFnFn:CnnCn# .Intelsat 6's Ku-bandZ4CnCnA#R2"(Main transponders8+2\nCn$DnA#R6",Backup transponders3+1MCnDnB#T"Power(8+3) transponders of 20 W (TWTA)(2+1) transponders of 40 W (TWTA)f$$DnEnB#TH"Bandwidth8 x 72 MHz2 x 150 MHzv5DnEnA#Rj"0Coverage and EIRP maxWest & East spots: 44.7 dBWXEnEnA#R."Polarizationlinearm,EnTFnA#RX"Frequencies10.95-11.2 & 11.45-11.70 GHz`EnFnA#R>"Beacons11.198 & 11.452 GHz$TFnFn" V%Fn.Gn1e..GnGneoIntelsat 6 transponder frequency planU,FnGn) "XCIxIntelsat 6's transponder frequency plantQ.GnGn# The transponder frequency plan is extremly complex, this is a simplified view.;Gn2Hn' ( C-band slot chartGnJn1#0; 5N\@@2?2@@@j!!4!X!r!!!!΀! ! ! !slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)West hemiEast hemiNW zoneNE zoneSW zoneSE zoneglobal Aglobal BBandwidth (MHz).2HnKn#\ 5N\@@2?2@@@j,4<@DH L P T1'-2'5.8903.665102072 5Jn9Ln#j 5N\@@2?2@@@j (08@HP Z ^ b1-25.9703.745112141519110172 5KnYMn#j 5N\@@2?2@@@j (08@HP Z ^ b3-46.0503.825122242529210272 59LnyNn#j 5N\@@2?2@@@j (08@HP Z ^ b5-66.1303.905132343539310372 5YMnOn#j 5N\@@2?2@@@j (08@HP Z ^ b7-86.2203.995142444549410472"7yNnǀn#n 5N\@@2?2@@@jOnǀnFn$,4<DL V ^ f96.2804.0551525455595105358536+On݁n#V 5N\@@2?2@@@j &*.26: > F N106.3204.095368636+ǀnn#V 5N\@@2?2@@@j &*.26: > F N116.3604.135378736-݁n n#Z 5N\@@2?2@@@j *.26:> B J R126.40254.1775388841'n n#N 5N\@@2?2@@@j &,28 > D JPol.:AABBBBAB n6n' It is possible to connect transponders with A pol up to both A or B pol down (same applies to pol B). A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP.Can be used for satellite-switched TDMA (SS/TDMA). Such facility is provided individually for each bank of transponders denoted (12) and (34) and is designed to permit dynamic interconnection between the following beams: West Hemi, East Hemi, NW Zone, SW Zone, NE Zone and SE Zone. `9 nn' sA compatibility mode with Intelsat 5 & 5A is available, in which 2 zone beams are combined to form an older generation zone beam. This does not change the hemi, spot or global beams.Beacons: telemetry beacons: 3947.5 MHz and 3952.5 MHz (RHCP). Additional maneuver beacons: 3948.0 MHz and 3952.0 MHz (RHCP).F6n܈n' > C-band interconnection chart3nn#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBand+܈ncn#VnMk8:NPglobal A9, 10, 11, 12global AC+n!n#VnMk8:NPglobal B9, 10, 11, 12global BCDcnn#nMkXZeast hemi1'-2', 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9east or west hemiCD!nόn#nMkXZwest hemi1'-2', 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9east or west hemiC;nn#vnMkDFlneast hemi1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west spotKu;όnkn#vnMkDFlnwest hemi1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west spotKuAn?n#nMkJLz|east hemi1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9NW, SW, NE or SE zoneCAknn#nMkJLz|west hemi1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9NW, SW, ?nnFnNE or SE zoneC;?nn#vnMkFHnpNW zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9east or west hemiC?nn#~nMkFHvxNW zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9NW, SW, NE or SE zoneC9nn#rnMk@BhjNW zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west spotKu;nYn#vnMkFHnpSW zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9east or west hemiC?n+n#~nMkFHvxSW zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9NW, SW, NE or SE zoneC9Ynn#rnMk@BhjSW zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west spotKu;+nn#vnMkFHnpNE zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9east or west hemiC?nn#~nMkFHvxNE zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9NW, SW, NE or SE zoneC9ncn#rnMk@BhjNE zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west spotKu;n1n#vnMkFHnpSE zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9east or west hemiC?cnn#~nMkFHvxSE zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9NW, SW, NE or SE zoneC91nn#rnMk@BhjSE zone1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west spotKu&nn# Bn7n' 6 Ku-band slot chart (GHz)Un2n#C\kNNj4Rlslot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink 11west spoteast spotBandwith (MHz)$7nn#ڀHC\kNNj 08@1-214.042510.9925617177"2nn#ڀDC\kNNj ,4<3-414.12511.075627272"n)n#ڀDC\kNNj ,4<5-614.20511.155637372"nn#ڀDC\kNNj ,4<7-814.29511.495647472&)n{n#ڀLC\kNNj 2:B9-1214.418511.61856979150nSn' cKu-band polarization: East spot: uplink in Horizontal, downlink in Vertical. West Spot uplink in Vertical, downlink in Horizontal.Beacons: 11.198 GHz and 11.452 GHz (RHCP)G {nn' @ Ku-band interconnection chart3Snoo#fnMj0nooFn2TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandAnCo#nMjPRxzeast spot1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-12east or west spotKuAooo#nMjPRxzwest spot1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-12east or west spotKu:Coo#tnMjDFlneast spot1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west hemiC:oo#tnMjDFlnwest spot1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8east or west hemiC4oxo#hnMj02`beast spot5-6, 7-8NW, SW, NE or SE zoneC4o?o#hnMj02`bwest spot5-6, 7-8NW, SW, NE or SE zoneC&xoeo# 1?oo1WoooT+eoo) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&oo# 1oAo1}Ao oAoo# <Intelsat 7's specificationsi(AooA#RP"&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralNozoA#R"PlatformIntelsat 7 (based on Ford FS 1300 and Aerospatiale Spacebus 2000)[ooA#R4""Mass at launch3750 kgZzo/oA#R2" Mass in orbit1800 kgUooA#R("Dry mass1500 kg>/o oA#R|"Payload mass446 kg: transponders: 338kg, antennas: 108 kga od oA#R@"Dimension2.45 x 2.2 x 2.7 m\ o oA#R6"Solar array21.8 m spant3d o4 oA#Rf"DC powerEOL: equinox: 3968 W, solstice: 3650 WY o oA#R0" Payload power2580 WY4 o oA#R0" Stabilization3 axis` oF oA#R>"$Design lifetime10-15 yearsk* o oA#RT""Phone circuits18000 (90000 with DCME)[F o oA#R4".Reserved TV channels3] o o$ Cross-strapping: uplink in C-band and downlink in Ku-band (701, 702, 703, 704, 705 & 709)1 o o1. o@o9 o o# ,Intelsat 7's C-bandY oP oA#R00(Main transponders28Y o oA#R00,Backup transponders\P ooA#R60Power10, 16, 20 & 30 WZ ooC#V0Bandwidth10 transponders of 36 MHz2 transponders of 41 MHz16 transponders of 72 MHzooF#ZA00Coverage andEIRP maxGlobal beam: 26/29 dBWHemispheric beam: 33 dBW (2x36 MHz & 8x72 MHz)Zone beam: 33 dBW (2x36 MHz & 8x72 MHz)Spot beam: 33.3/36.3 dBW^o @oA#R:0Polarizationcircular R/Lo @o o\oh@oA#R60Frequencies3.6-4.2 GHzgC @o@o$ The two 41 MHz transponders are 3 dBW stronger than the others.1h@oAo1AoEo:@o:Ao# .Intelsat 7's Ku-bandYAoAoA#R00(Main transponders10Y:AoAoA#R00,Backup transpondersy7AoeBoB#Tn0Power5 transponders of 35 W5 transponders of 50 W@AoBoB#T0Bandwidth6 transponders of 72 MHz4 transponders of 112 MHzoeBoCoD#X00Coverage and EIRP maxSpot 1: 45.4 dBWSpot 2: 44.5 dBWSpot 3: 46 dBW(the nominal power can be increased)XBoCoA#R.0PolarizationlinearoCoDoA#R0Frequenciesdownlink can be switched to 10.95-11.20 GHz, 11.45-11.70 GHz, 11.70-11.95 GHz & 12.50-12.75 GHzCoEo% Five transponders max per spot. Spot 1 is V, spot 2 is H and spot 3 is either H or V depending on the spot (1 or 2) it belonged to (only 701, 702 & 703 have this polarization limitation, on the others the polarization can be choosen).V%Do Fo18 Fo`FoxpIntelsat 7 transponder frequency planU,Eo`Fo) "XCIxIntelsat 7's transponder frequency plan FoHo& The transponder frequency plan is extremly complex, this is a simplified view.Depending upon the needs of different orbital locations, the satellites can be operated in either normal pitch, roll, and yaw attitude or in an inverted attitude (i.e. the satellite is rotated 180 along the yaw axis). Inversion results in a change in the geographical orientation of the physical beam patterns.;`FoLHo' ( C-band slot chartHo`Jo_#k5N\@@2?2@@@@@\!!4!X!r!!!!΀! ! ! ! ,! D!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)West hemiEast hemiNW zoneNE zoneSW zoneSE zoneglobal Aglobal BC spot AC spot BBandwidth (MHz)H;LHoKo #v5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ ,4<DLT ^ b f j n1-25.96753.7425112141519110177F9`JoLo #r5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ (08@HP Z ^ b f j3-46.0503.825122242529210272J=Ko8No #z5N\@@2?2@@@@@\$.8BLV b f j n r56.1113.88613A23A43A53A93A103A34J=LoOo #z5N\@@2?2@@@@@\$.8BLV b f j n r66.1493.92413B23B43B53B93B103B34F98NoԀo #r5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ OoԀoEo(08@HP Z ^ b f j7-86.2203.995142444549410472NAOo"o #ꁂ5N\@@2?2@@@@@\$,4<DL V ^ f p z96.2804.0551525455595105358513518536B5Ԁodo #j5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ &*.26: > F N X b106.3204.095368613618636B5"oo #j5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ &*.26: > F N X b116.3604.135378713718736D7doo #n5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ *.26:> B J R \ f126.40254.1775388813818841=-o'o#Z5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ &,28 > D J P VPol.:AABBBBABAB}oˉo' When the zone beams are operated in the enhanced mode the uplink beam connection ID numbers are signated as 141, 142, etc. for the NW & SE beam combination and as 151, 152, etc. for the NE & SW beam combination. In Enhanced zone mode the extension zone is added in the uplink coverage to the original zone coverage, but for downlink each transponders is independantly affected to either the original coverage or its extension.It is possible to connect transponders with A pol up to both A or B pol down (same applies to pol B). A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP.'oo% ;Beacons: telemetry beacons: 3947.5 MHz and 3952.5 MHz (RHCP). Additional maneuver beacons: 3948.0 MHz and 3952.0 MHz (RHCP). Tracking beacon: 3950 MHz VFˉoӊo' > C-band interconnection chart3oo#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBand3ӊobo#fnMk "^`global A9hemi 1, global A or C spot AC4o)o#hnMk24`bglobal A10, 11, 12global A or C spot AC3boo#fnMk "^`global B9hemi 2, global B or C spot BC4)oo#hnMk24`bglobal B10, 11, 12global B or C spot BC3o|o#fnMk "^`C spot A9hemi 1, global A or C spot AC4oOo#hnMk24`|oOoEobC spot A10, 11, 12global A or C spot AC3|oo#fnMk "^`C spot B9hemi 2, global B or C spot BC4Ooo#hnMk24`bC spot B10, 11, 12global B or C spot BCGoo#nMk@Bhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2CGoo#nMkhemi 19hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, C spot A, global AC@oco#nMk@Bvxhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuGo=o#nMk@Bhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2CGcoo#nMkhemi 29hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, C spot B, global BC@=oo#nMk@Bvxhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuJoo#nMkFHzone 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C@oo#nMk@Bvxzone 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuJowo#nMkFHzone 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C@oJo#nMk@Bvxzone 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3Ku&wopo# BJoo' 6 Ku-band slot chart (GHz)zpo,o# C\kjjNNOj4Rx€slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink 11Downlink 12 lowDownlink 12 highSpot 2 (West)Spot 1 (East)Spot 3Bandwith (MHz);oo#@v C\kjjNNOj 0BT\dn1-214.042510.992511.747512.54756171111777,oo#@n C\kjjNNOj ,<LT\f3-414.12511.07511.83012.6306272112728oo#@p C\kjjNNOj(8HR\h514.18611.13611.89112.69163A73A113A348o p#@p C\kjjNNOj(8HR\h614.22411.17411.92912.72963B73B113B34o pEo+op#@V C\kjjNNOj ,04<DN7-814.29511.495647411472, pp#@X C\kjjNNOj ,04<DN7-914.31411.5146575115112.pp#@\ C\kjjNNOj 048@HR10-1214.43811.6386979119112jEp#p% When the Ku-band transponders are operated in the lower portion of the 12 GHz band downlink (12 low), the beam connection IDs are changed from 61 to 261, 71 to 271, 111 to 211, etc.; likewise in the upper portion of the 12 GHz band the IDs are changed from 61 to 361, 71 to 371, 111 to 311, etc. The band selection if for the whole spots except for transponders 1-2, 3-4 & 5-6 in spot 1 and 2 and for all transponders in spot 3. The use of spot 3 in any uplink or downlink channel excludes the availability of the correspondig uplink or downlink channel for either spot 1 or 2.*pMp' A suffix of E is added to the ID numbers for the spot 2 beam to indicate that the satellite is operating in the enhanced spot 2 mode (Spot 2 and 2A), e.g., 61 becomes 61E, 62 become 62E, etc. In this case the coverage of both spots are linked (not independant from each other), they function as a single beam.Ku-band polarization: Spot 1 & Spot 3 uplink in Horizontal, downlink in Vertical. Spot 2 uplink in Vertical, downlink in Horizontal. Spot 3 can be set to uplink in Vertical and downlink in Horizontal.#pp% QBeacons: 11.198 GHz, 11.452 GHz, 11.701 GHz and 12.501 GHz (RHCP); not all simultaneously active, depending on the spot and the frequency band in which it operates.G Mpap' @ Ku-band interconnection chart3p* p#fnMj02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandGap p#nMjNPspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuK* p p#nMjHJspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9/7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2CG p p#nMjNPspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuK p p#nMjHJspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9/7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2CG pt p#nMjNPspot 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuK pRp#nMjHJspot 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9/7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C&t pxp# 1Rpp1Wpp#pT+xpp) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&p#p# 1pTp1`Tp~DpB#pp# >Intelsat 7A's specificationsi(Tp @pA#RP"&Prime contractorSpace Systems/Loralp @p#pUpa@pA#R("PlatformFS 1300[ @p@pA#R4""Mass at launch4500 kg?a@p"$Design lifetime10-15 yearsl+CpCpA#RV""Phone circuits22500 (112500 with DCME)[CpFDpA#R4".Reserved TV channels38Cp~Dp$ ((706, 707 & 708)1FDpDp1DpWHp:~DpDp# .Intelsat 7A's C-bandYDpBEpA#R00(Main transponders28YDpEpA#R00,Backup transpondersXBEpEpA#R.0Power10, 20 & 30 WZEpFpC#V0Bandwidth10 transponders of 36 MHz2 transponders of 41 MHz16 transponders of 72 MHzEpGpF#Zi00Coverage andEIRP maxGlobal beam (36 & 41 MHz): 29 dBWHemispheric beam (8x72 MHz & 2x36 MHz): 33 dBWZone beam (8x72 MHz & 2x36 MHz): 33 dBWSpot beam (36 & 41 MHz): 36.1 dBW^FpGpA#R:0Polarizationcircular R/LoKGpWHp$ A total of 6 transponder are switched either to global or to spot beam.1GpHp1HppLp;WHpHp# 0Intelsat 7A's Ku-bandYHpIpA#R00(Main transponders14YHpuIpA#R00,Backup transpondersy7IpIpB#Tn0Power5 transponders of 49 W5 transponders of 73 W@uIppJpB#T0Bandwidth6 transponders of 72 MHz8 transponders of 112 MHzmIp!KpD#X00Coverage and EIRP maxSpot 1: 47 dBWSpot 2: 47 dBWSpot 3: 42.8 dBW(the nominal power can be increased)XpJpyKpA#R.0Polarizationlinearo!Kp)LpA#R0Frequenciesdownlink can be switched to 10.95-11.20 GHz, 11.45-11.70 GHz, 11.70-11.95 GHz & 12.50-12.75 GHzG#yKppLp$ FFive transponders max per spot.W&)LpLp1CLpMp qIntelsat 7A transponder frequency planV-pLpMp) "ZCIxIntelsat 7A's transponder frequency planLpNp& The transponder frequency plan is extremly complex, this is a simplified view.Depending upon the needs of different orbital locations, the satellites can be operated in either normal pitch, roll, and yaw attitude or in an inverted attitude (i.e. the satellite is rotated 180 along the yaw axis). Inversion results in a change in the geographical orientation of the physical beam patterns.;Mp Op' ( C-band slot chartNp)p_#k5N\@@2?2@@@@@\!!4!X!r!!!!΀ Op)ppLp! ! ! ! ,! D!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)West hemiEast hemiNW zoneNE zoneSW zoneSE zoneglobal Aglobal BC spot AC spot BBandwidth (MHz)H; Opqp #v5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ ,4<DLT ^ b f j n1-25.96753.7425112141519110177F9)pp #r5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ (08@HP Z ^ b f j3-46.0503.825122242529210272J=qpp #z5N\@@2?2@@@@@\$.8BLV b f j n r56.1113.88613A23A43A53A93A103A34J=pKp #z5N\@@2?2@@@@@\$.8BLV b f j n r66.1493.92413B23B43B53B93B103B34F9pp #r5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ (08@HP Z ^ b f j7-86.2203.995142444549410472NAKp߈p #ꁂ5N\@@2?2@@@@@\$,4<DL V ^ f p z96.2804.0551525455595105358513518536B5p!p #j5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ &*.26: > F N X b106.3204.095368613618636B5߈pcp #j5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ &*.26: > F N X b116.3604.135378713718736D7!pp #n5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ *.26:> B J R \ f126.40254.1775388813818841=-cpp#Z5N\@@2?2@@@@@\ &,28 > D J P VPol.:AABBBBABAB}pp' When the zone beams are operated in the enhanced mode the uplink beam connection ID numbers are signated as 141, 142, etc. for the NW & SE beam combination and as 151, 152, etc. for the NE & SW beam combination. In Enhanced zone mode the extension zone is added in the uplink coverage to the original zone coverage, but for downlink each transponders is independantly affected to either the original coverage or its extension.It is possible to connect transponders with A pol up to both A or B polpppLp down (same applies to pol B). A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP.pVp% ;Beacons: telemetry beacons: 3947.5 MHz and 3952.5 MHz (RHCP). Additional maneuver beacons: 3948.0 MHz and 3952.0 MHz (RHCP). Tracking beacon: 3950 MHz VFpp' > C-band interconnection chart3Vpep#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBand3p+p#fnMk "^`global A9hemi 1, global A or C spot AC4epp#hnMk24`bglobal A10, 11, 12global A or C spot AC3+pp#fnMk "^`global B9hemi 2, global B or C spot BC4pp#hnMk24`bglobal B10, 11, 12global B or C spot BC3pEp#fnMk "^`C spot A9hemi 1, global A or C spot AC4p p#hnMk24`bC spot A10, 11, 12global A or C spot AC3Epp#fnMk "^`C spot B9hemi 2, global B or C spot BC4 pp#hnMk24`bC spot B10, 11, 12global B or C spot BCGpsp#nMk@Bhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2CGpMp#nMkhemi 19hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, C spot A, global AC@sp p#nMk@Bvxhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuGMpp#nMk@Bhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2CG pp#nMkhemi 29hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, C spot B, global BC@pp#nMk@Bvxhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuJpp#nMkFHzone 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C@pWp#nMk@Bvxzone 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuJp@q#nMkFHzone 21-2, 3-4, 5Wp@qpLp, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C@Wpq#nMk@Bvxzone 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3Ku&@q9q# Bq{q' 6 Ku-band slot chart (GHz)9qGq#e C\kjj@@@NNj!!4!R!x!!€!!! ! @!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink 11Downlink 12 lowDownlink 12 highSpot 2 (West)Spot 1 (East)Spot 3Spot 2X (West)Spot 1X (East)Bandwith (MHz)?{q`q#~ C\kjj@@@NNj 0BT\dn r v1-214.042510.992511.747512.5475617111177?Gqyq#~ C\kjj@@@NNj ,<LPT` j t1-314.06011.01011.76512.565111X61X71X112;`qq#v C\kjj@@@NNj ,<LT\f j n3-414.12511.07511.83012.630627211272?yqq#~ C\kjj@@@NNj ,<LPT` j t4-614.18511.13511.89012.690113X63X73X112<qq#x C\kjj@@@NNj(8HR\h l p514.18611.13611.89112.69163A73A113A34<q q#x C\kjj@@@NNj(8HR\h l p614.22411.17411.92912.72963B73B113B34 /q q#^ C\kjj@@@NNj ,04<DN R V7-814.29511.4956474114726 q q#l C\kjj@@@NNj ,04<DN X b7-914.31411.514657511565X79X1128 q q#p C\kjj@@@NNj 048@HR \ f10-1214.43811.638697911969X79X112% q q#J C\kjj@@@NNj  $(,0: > B1214.477511841}X q@q% When the Ku-band transponders are operated in the lower portion of the 12 GHz band downlink (12 low), the beam connection IDs are changed from 61 to 261, 71 to 271, 111 to 211, 65X to 265X etc.; likewise in the upper portion of the 12 GHz band the IDs are changed from 61 to 361, 71 to 371, 111 to 311, 75X to 375X, etc. The band selection can be set per transponder for 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 1-3 and 4-6. The spot 3 can be used in any frequency band, selectable transponder per tran q@qpLpsponder. The use of any transponder uplink or downlink in spot 3 makes it unavailable for use by one of the other spots.( qBq' A suffix of E is added to the ID numbers for the spot 2 beam to indicate that the satellite is operating in the enhanced spot 2 mode (Spot 2 and 2A), e.g., 61 becomes 61E, 62 become 62E, etc. In this case the coverage of both spots are linked (not independant from each other), they function as a single beam.Ku-band polarization: Spot 1, Spot 2X & Spot 3 uplink in Horizontal, downlink in Vertical. Spot 2 & Spot 1X uplink in Vertical, downlink in Horizontal. Spot 3's polarization can be modified at will.,@qDq'  Spot 1X has opposite polarization but same coverage than Spot 1; respectively for spot 2X & spot 2. Two transponders downlink max per X spot. A high power mode can be achived by using the transponders of the X spots, up to 2 such configarations per Spot 1, 2 or 3. May only be used in transponders 1-3 and 4-6 in X spots and 1-2 and 5-6 in Spot 3.Beacons: 11.198 GHz, 11.452 GHz, 11.701 GHz and 12.501 GHz (RHCP); not all simultaneously active, depending on the spot and the frequency band in which it operates.G Bq!Eq' @ Ku-band interconnection chart3DqEq#fnMj02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandG!EqFq#nMjNPspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuKEqGq#nMjHJspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9/7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C:FqoHq#tnMj@Bjlspot 1X1-3/7-9, 4-6/10-12spot 1X or spot 2XKu0Gq2Iq#`nMjDFVXspot 1X1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12spot 3KuGoHq Jq#nMjNPspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuK2IqJq#nMjHJspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9/7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C: JqKq#tnMj@Bjlspot 2X1-3/7-9, 4-6/10-12spot 1X or spot 2XKu0JqzLq#`nMjDFVXspot 2X1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12spot 3KuGKqTMq#nMjNPspot 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2 or spot 3KuKzLq2Nq#nMjHJspot 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9/7-8hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1 or zone 2C;TMqOq#vnMjBDlnspot 31-2, 5-6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1X or spot 2XKu>2NqOq#|nMj tvspot 312global A, C spot A, global B or C spot BC&Oq q# Oq qpLp1Oq=q1W=qqqT+ qq) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=qq# 1qq1q=qAq)q# <Intelsat 8's specificationsq0qqA#R`"&Prime contractorLockheed Martin Astro SpaceU)qqA#R("PlatformGE 7000[qJqA#R4""Mass at launch3400 kgUqqA#R("Dry mass1601 kgu4JqqA#Rh"Dimension2.52 x 2.19 x 3.44 m (10.8 m deployed)YqmqA#R0" Stabilization3 axisf$qӃqB#TH"DC powerBOL: 6400 WEOL: 4760 W]mq0qA#R8"$Design lifetime13 yearsl+ӃqqA#RV""Phone circuits22500 (112500 with DCME)[0qqA#R4".Reserved TV channels3F"q=q$ D4 satellites ordered (801-804)1qnq1Unqq=q9=qq# ,Intelsat 8's C-bandYnqqA#R00(Main transponders38YqYqA#R00,Backup transpondersZqqB#T0Power7-22 W (SSPA) for zone transponders27-38W (SSPA) for hemi & global transponders\YqQqA#R60Bandwidth36 and 72 MHzsqqD#X0&Coverage & EIRP (beam peak to outer edge)Global: 33.1-29.0 dBWHemispheric: 40.2-34.5 dBWZone: 42.8-34.5 dBWpQqqC#V0@G/T (beam peak to outer edge)Global: -7.9 - -12.0 dB/KHemispheric: -0.5 - -9.5 dB/KZone: +5.2 - -6.5 dB/Kr1q-qA#Rb0 SFD-89.0 - -67.0 dBW/m (< 2 dB adjustments)i(qqA#RP0PolarizationCircular Right and LeftA-qqB#T0FrequenciesUplink: 5.850-6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.625-4.200 GHZ$q=q" 1qnq1nqƏq:=qq# .Intelsat 8's Ku-bandi(nqqA#RP0(Main transponders6 (5 max per beam)YqjqA#R00,Backup transpondersVqqA#R*0Power43 W (TWTA)]jqqA#R80Bandwidth72 and 112 MHzeqŌqC#V0&Coverage & EIRP (beam peak to outer edge), steerableSpot 1: 52.6-44.0 dBWSpot 2: 51.6-44.0 dBWTq[qB#T0@G/T (beam peak to outer edge)Spot 1: +11.1 - +2.0 dB/KSpot 2: +9.5 - +2.0 dB/Kr1Ōq͍qA#Rb0 SFD-89.0 - -67.0 dBW/m (< 2 dB adjustments)z9[qGqA#Rr0Polarizationlinear H/V (in-orbit switching possible)͍q5qF#ZQ0FrequenciesUplink: 14.00-14.50 GHzDownlink: each transponder can be switched into 1 of the 3 bands:10.95-11.2 GHz11.7-11.95 GHz12.5-12.75 GHz & 11.45-11.70 GHzmGqƏq$ Spot 1 is circular (same as spot 3 of Intelsat 7) and spot 2 is elliptical (same as spot 1 of Intelsat 7)V%5q(q1>(q}qrIntelsat Əq(qƏq8 transponder frequency planU,Əq}q) "XCIxIntelsat 8's transponder frequency plan_;(qq$ wDepending upon the needs of different orbital locations, the satellites can be operated in either normal pitch, roll, and yaw attitude or in an inverted attitude (i.e. the satellite is rotated 180 along the yaw axis). Inversion results in a change in the geographical orientation of the physical beam patterns.;}qq' ( C-band slot chartqqH#^Q 5N\@@2?2@@@@\!!4!X!r!!!!΀! ! ! ! *!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)West hemiEast hemiNW zoneNE zoneSW zoneSE zoneMW zoneglobal Aglobal BBandwidth (MHz),0q3q#ȁ` 5N\@@2?2@@@@\,4<@DH L P T X1'-2'5.8903.6651020726:qiq#ȁt 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ (08@HP Z d h l1-25.9703.7451121415191101121776:3qq#ȁt 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ (08@HP Z d h l3-46.0503.825122242529210212272;?iqq#ȁ~ 5N\@@2?2@@@@\$.8BLV b n r v56.1113.88613A23A43A53A93A103A123A34;?qq#ȁ~ 5N\@@2?2@@@@\$.8BLV b n r v66.1493.92413B23B43B53B93B103B123B346:qKq#ȁt 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ (08@HP Z d h l7-86.2203.9951424445494104124728<qq#ȁx 5N\@@2?2@@@@\$,4<DL V ` h p96.2804.0551525455595105125358536)-Kqq#ȁZ 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ &*.26: > B J R106.3204.095368636)-qq#ȁZ 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ &*.26: > B J R116.3604.135378736+/q r#ȁ^ 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ *.26:> B F N V126.40254.1775388841q rƏq)*q5r#΁T 5N\@@2?2@@@@\ &,28 > D J PPol.:AABBBBBABb rr+ $The letter C is added to the NW zone beam when the NW and MW zones are combined; 41 becomes 41C, 43A becomes 43AC.It is possible to connect transponders with A pol up to both A or B pol down (same applies to pol B). A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP.The uplink transponders on zone 3 can be switch independently to the transmit beams of zone 1, zone 2 and zone 4 simultaneously.Beacons: telemetry beacons: 3947.5 MHz and 3952.5 MHz (RHCP). Additional maneuver beacons: 3948.0 MHz and 3952.0 MHz (RHCP). Tracking beacon: 3950 MHz VF5rr' > C-band interconnection chart3rr#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandrr#:nMk "24global A9hemi 1C+r?r#VnMk8:NPglobal A9, 10, 11, 12global AC)rr#RnMk"$HJglobal A12spot 1 or spot 2Ku?rr#:nMk "24global B9hemi 2C7rur#nnMk8:fhglobal B9, 10, 11, 12global B or C spot BC)r1 r#RnMk"$HJglobal B12spot 1 or spot 2Ku)ur r#RnMk$&JLhemi 11'-2'hemi 1 or hemi 2CZ1 r r#nMkFHhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4CR r r#nMkFHhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C8 r r#pnMk@Bfhhemi 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2Ku r: r#:nMk24hemi 19global AC) r r#RnMk$&JLhemi 21'-2'hemi 1 or hemi 2CZ: rr#nMkFHhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4CR rr#nMkFHhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C8r@r#pnMkr@rƏq@Bfhhemi 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2KurOAr#:nMk24hemi 29global BC8@rBr#pnMk@Bfhzone 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2KuZOArCr#nMkFHzone 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4C8BrCr#pnMk@Bfhzone 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2KuZCrDr#nMkFHzone 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4C8CrEr#pnMk@Bfhzone 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2KuZDrwFr#nMkFHzone 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4CREr\Gr#nMkFHzone 31-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C8wFr'Hr#pnMk@Bfhzone 41-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2KuZ\GrIr#nMkFHzone 41-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4CR'HrIr#nMkFHzone 41-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C8IrJr#pnMk@Bfhzone 51-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2KuRIrKr#nMkFHzone 51-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C&JrKr# BKrLr' 6 Ku-band slot chart (GHz)YKrjMr#x C\kjj@@j!!4!R!x!!€!!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink 11Downlink 12 lowDownlink 12 highSpot 2 (West)Spot 1 (East)Bandwith (MHz)6LrGNr#lC\kjj@@j 0BT\d1-214.042510.992511.747512.54756171772jMr Or#dC\kjj@@j ,<LT\3-414.12511.07511.83012.6306272722GNr r#dC\kjj@@j(8HR\514.18611.13611.89112.69163A73A34 Or rƏq2 Orr#dC\kjj@@j(8HR\614.22411.17411.92912.72963B73B34' rr#NC\kjj@@j ,04<D7-914.31411.5146575112)rr#RC\kjj@@j 048@H10-1214.43811.6386979112_8rr' qWhen the Ku-band transponders are operated in the lower portion of the 12 GHz band downlink (12 low), the beam connection IDs are changed from 61 to 261, 71 to 271, etc.; likewise in the upper portion of the 12 GHz band the IDs are changed from 61 to 361, 71 to 371, etc. The band selection can be set per transponder for 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6. Up to 6 transponders per spot.Ku-band polarization: Spot 1 uplink in Horizontal, downlink in Vertical. Spot 2 uplink in Vertical, downlink in Horizontal. This can be inverted, but both spots always have orthogonal signals.,rr'  Spot 1X has opposite polarization but same coverage than Spot 1; respectively for spot 2X & spot 2. Two transponders downlink max per X spot. A high power mode can be achived by using the transponders of the X spots, up to 2 such configarations per Spot 1, 2 or 3. May only be used in transponders 1-3 and 4-6 in X spots and 1-2 and 5-6 in Spot 3.Beacons: 11.198 GHz, 11.452 GHz, 11.701 GHz and 12.501 GHz (RHCP); not all simultaneously active, depending on the spot and the frequency band in which it operates.G rUr' @ Ku-band interconnection chart3rr#fnMj02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandWUrr#nMj@Bspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4COrr#nMj@Bspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C=rr#znMjNPprspot 11-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2Ku*rwr#TnMj LNspot 112global A or global BCWrar#nMj@Bspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 or zone 4COwrCr#nMj@Bspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9hemi 1, hemi 2, zone 3, zone 4 or zone 5C=arr#znMjNPprspot 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-9, 10-12spot 1, spot 2Ku*CrЎr#TnMj LNspot 212global A or global BC&rr# 1Ўr'r1W'r{rrT+r{r) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&'rr# 1{rҏr1ҏrrBr r# >Intelsat 8ҏr rrA's specificationsq0ҏrrA#R`"&Prime contractorLockheed Martin Astro SpaceU rrA#R("PlatformGE 7000[rArA#R4""Mass at launch3520 kgOrrA#R"DimensionYArrA#R0" Stabilization3 axisN r7rA#R"DC power]rrA#R8"$Design lifetime13 yearsT7rrA#R&""Phone circuitsZrBrA#R2".Reserved TV channelsgCrr$ 2 satellites ordered (805-806), will be specifically customized1Brr1rr:rr# .Intelsat 8A's C-bandYrmrA#R00(Main transponders28YrrA#R00,Backup transpondersUmrrA#R(0Power60W (TWTA)f$rrB#TH0Bandwidth20 x 36 MHz8 x 72 MHz~<rrB#Tx0&Coverage & EIRP (beam peak to outer edge)39.7-37.5 dBWs2rrrA#Rd0@G/T (beam peak to outer edge)-5.9 - -8.0 dB/Kr1rrA#Rb0 SFD-89.0 - -70.0 dBW/m (< 2 dB adjustments)BrrgrA#R0Polarizationswitchable: circular or linear, default: circularSrrB#T0FrequenciesUplink: 5.850-6.650 GHzDownlink: 3.400-4.200 GHz (extended C-band)grr% ;Beacons: telemetry beacons: 3947.5 MHz and 3952.5 MHz (RHCP). Additional maneuver beacons: 3948.0 MHz and 3952.0 MHz (RHCP). Tracking beacon: 3950 MHz V1rr1WrCrirT+rCr) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&rir# 1Crr1Ur3rWr;irr# 0Intelsat 8A's Ku-bandXr-rA#R.0(Main transponders3YrrA#R00,Backup transpondersW-rrA#R,0Power134 W (TWTA)]r:rA#R80Bandwidth72 and 112 MHzfrrC#V0&Coverage & EIRP (beam peak to outer edge), 1 steerable spot805: 51.7-49.7 dBW806: 50.4-48.0 dBWM:rrrB#T0@G/T (beam peak to outer edge)805: +4.2 - +2.7 dB/K806: +2.6 - +1.0 dB/KerrB#T0 SFD805: -96.0 - -74.0 dBW/m (< 2 dB adjustments)806: -95.0 - -73.0 dBW/m (< 2 dB adjustments)v3rrrC#Vf0Polarizationlinear805: V (down)806: H (down)ar3rC#V0FrequenciesUplink: 14.00-14.50 GHzDownlink 806: 11.7-11.95 GHzDownlink 805: 12.5-12.75 GHz$rWr" 13rr1WrrrT+Wrr) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&rr# 1r3r13rsArtr# <Intelsat 9's specificationsi(3rrA#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralN tr7sA#Rr7srPlatformTrsA#R&"Mass at launchS7ssA#R$ Mass in orbitOs-sA#RDimensionQs~sA#R Solar arrayS-ssA#R$ StabilizationN ~ssA#RDC power]s|sA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsCss$ >Payload provided by Alcatel1|ss1WsDsjsT+sDs) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&sjs# 1Dss1Usss9jss# ,Intelsat 9's C-bandYs-sA#R0(Main transponders44YssA#R0,Backup transpondersK -ssA#RPowerAsTsB#TBandwidth32 transponders of 72 MHz12 transponders of 36 MHzN ssA#RCoverageMTs2sC#VEIRP maxhemispheric beam: 43 dBWzone beam: 44.8 dBWglobal beam: 34 dBW^ssA#R:Polarizationcircular L/RA2ssB#TFrequenciesuplink: 5.850-6.425 GHzdownlink: 3.625-4.200 GHzn-ssA#RZBeacons3.9475, 3.948, 3.952 & 3.9525 GHz$ss" 1ss1Ws*sPsT+s*s) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&sPs# 1*ss1UsB sf s:Pss# .Intelsat 9's Ku-bandYs sA#R0(Main transponders16Ysm sA#R0,Backup transpondersK  s sA#RPower?m s9 sB#T~Bandwidth8 transponders of 72 MHz8 transponders or 36 MHzN s sA#RCoveragel*9 s sB#TTEIRP maxspot 1: 52 dBWspot 2: 52 dBW\ sO sA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VQ s sB#TFrequenciesuplink: 14.00-14.50 GHzdownlink: 10.95-11.20 and 11.45-11.70 GHz`O sB sA#R>Beacons11.198 & 11.452 GHz$ sf s" 1B s s1W s s sT+f s s) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& s s# V% sg s1&7g s stIntelsat 9 transponder frequency planU, s s) "XCIxIntelsat 9's transponder frequency plan;g s s' ( C-band slot chart$ s'@sY#5N\@@2?2@2@?@k!!4!X!r!!!Ȁ!! !   @! X! p!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)West hemiEast hemiNW zone (1)SW zone (2)ME zone (3)SE zone (4)NE zone (5)CE zone (4-5)global Aglo s'@s sbal BBandwidth (MHz)OB svAs #ꁄ5N\@@2?2@2@?@k,4<DLV ` h t x |1'-2'5.8903.6651020409012010050100C72M@'@sBs #ꁀ5N\@@2?2@2@?@k (08@HR \ d p t x1-25.9703.7451121419112110151101C72M@vAsDs #ꁀ5N\@@2?2@2@?@k (08@HR \ d p t x3-46.0503.8251222429212210252102C72M@Bs]Es #ꁀ5N\@@2?2@2@?@k (08@HR \ d p t x5-66.1303.9051323439312310353103C72M@DsFs #ꁀ5N\@@2?2@2@?@k (08@HR \ d p t x7-86.2203.9951424449412410454104C72K>]EsGs #|5N\@@2?2@2@?@k$,4<DN X ` l p t96.2804.0551525459512510555105C36>1Fs3Is #b5N\@@2?2@2@?@k &0:>BF J N R V Z9A6.2704.05515A25A16>1GsqJs #b5N\@@2?2@2@?@k &0:>BF J N R V Z9B6.2904.05515B25B16</3IsKs #^5N\@@2?2@2@?@k &*.26: > B F N V106.3204.095368636</qJsLs #^5N\@@2?2@2@?@k &*.26: > B F N V116.3604.135378736>1Ks'Ns #b5N\@@2?2@2@?@k *.26:> B F J R Z126.40254.1775388841?2LsfOs #d5N\@@2?2@2@?@k (,048< @ D H R \12A6.3914.16638A88A18?2'Nss #d5N\@@2?2@2@?@k (,fOss s048< @ D H R \12B6.4144.18938B88B18=-fOss#Z5N\@@2?2@2@?@k &,28 > D J P VPol.:AABBBBBBABlss' When in five Zone mode, only one transponder can be actived between Z2 and Z4 for each channel bank except in channels 1-2 and 3-4 (i.e., total of 44 C-Band transponders are active.) When in four Zone mode, Z4 and Z5 can be combined into a single broader Zone coverage (Combined East) in IOR. Therefore, total of 42 C-Band transponders are available in four Zone mode.The uplink receive Hemi beam of channel 9 can be split into two segments each with an usable bandwidth of 16MHz so that half of the transponder is connected in loopback mode and the other half is inter-connected between the Hemi beams. This capability allows the provision of a DAMA type of service in the Hemi transponders with quasi-global coverage and a 6dB higher e.i.r.p. as compared to the Global transponders. The downlink of channel9Aand 9B is combined into 36MHz channel labelled as 9._8ss' qThe uplink receive Global beam of channel 12 can be split into two segments each with an usable bandwidth of 18MHz. Particularly for SNG services, this capability will allow multiple carrier operation of the transponder with half of the transponder optimized for large transmit earth station antennas and the other half optimized for small transmit earth station antennas. The downlink of channel12Aand 12B is combined into 41MHz channel labelled as 12.A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP.ss% ;Beacons: telemetry beacons: 3947.5 MHz and 3952.5 MHz (RHCP). Additional maneuver beacons: 3948.0 MHz and 3952.0 MHz (RHCP). Tracking beacon: 3950 MHz VFss' > C-band interconnection chart3ss#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBand2svs#dnMkFH\^global A10, 11, 12, 12A, 12Bglobal AC2s;s#dnMkFH\^global B10, 11, 12, 12A, 12Bglobal BCvss#8nMk 02hemi 19Ahemi 2C;ss#8nMk 02hemi 19Bhemi 1CsHs#8nMk 02hemi 29Ahemi 1Css#8nMk 02hemi 29Bhemi 2CcHss#nMkBDhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 51'-2', 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+5Cass#nMkBDlnhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 51'-2', 5-6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2 or zone 4, 3, 5CPss#nss sMkBDXZhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 51-2, 3-4hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5CGss#nMkBDlnhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 51-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8spot 1, 2KuOss#nMkBDnphemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 51-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2Kubss#nMk@B~hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+51'-2', 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+5C`sts#nMk@Bjlhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+51'-2', 5-6, 7-8, 9hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2 or zone 4, 3, 5COsVs#nMk@BVXhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+51-2, 3-4hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5CNts7s#nMk@Blnhemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+51-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8spot 1 or spot 2Ku&Vs]s# B7ss' 6 Ku-band slot chart (GHz)]]ss#C\k?@j!!4!R!t!!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink 11Spot 1 (East)Spot 2 (West)Bandwith (MHz)$sKs#ڀHC\k?@j 08@1-214.042510.9925617177"ss#ڀDC\k?@j ,4<3-414.12511.075627272"Kss#ڀDC\k?@j ,4<5-614.20511.155637372"s@s#ڀDC\k?@j ,4<7-814.29511.495647472 ss#ڀ@C\k?@j(08914.35511.555657536!@ss#ڀBC\k?@j *2:1014.39511.595667636!s1s#ڀBC\k?@j *2:1114.43511.635677736!ss#ڀBC\k?@j *2:1214.47511.675687836C1ss' 9In Ku-band, only 12 transponders out of the 16 available channels can be actived simultaneously. The selection of 12 transponders has been specified to be any 12 out of 16, with a maximum of 8 transponders per Spot beam. The uplink and downlink polarization senses of the Spot beams can be independently reversed in-orbit by ground command.Ku-band polarization: Spot 1 uplink in Horizontal, downlink in Vertical. Spot 2 uplink in Vertical, downlink in Horizontal. This can be inverted, but both spots always have orthogonal signals.Q-sks$ ZBeacons: 11.198 GHz and 11.452 GHz (RHCP)G ss' @ Ku-band interconnection chart3kst#fnMjst s02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandFs`t#nMjFHspot 1, 21-2, 3-4, 5, 6, 7-8hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4+5C<t/t#xnMj02prspot 1, 21-2, 3-4hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5CC`tt#nMj02~spot 1, 25-6, 7-8hemi 1, 2, zone 1, 2 or zone 3, 4, 5CG/tt#nMjbdspot 1, 21-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, 12spot 1, spot 2Ku&tt# 1t6t1W6tttT+tt) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&6tt# 1tt1zt*tI"t*t' Dpage intentionally left blank= tgt1s gtt@tIntelsat 101M*tt8 @,%D" Intelsat 101Dgtt) "6 Also called Early Bird1 t)t'  Generalg ttG#^@") Designation01317 / 65028A[)ttA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1965t't_tM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"ttM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationso._t=tA#R\,Geostationary orbit35752/35823 km, 27.5Wr%ttM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #30&=tt# 5t t'  End of life\tf tA#R6"Out of serviceMay 1970& t t# 8f t t' "(OTechnical data8 t t' " Specifications\ tX tA#R6i&Prime contractorHughesY t tA#R0i"Mass at launch68 kgZX t tA#R2i Mass in orbit38.5 kgL tW tA#RiLengthQ t tA#R iWidth0.72 mRW t tA#R"iHeight0.59 ml+ tf tA#RVi Stabilizationspin stabilized (120 rpm)b t tB#T@iDC powerBOL: 45 WEOL: 33 W]f t% tA#R8i$Design lifetime1.5 year t t% The antenna platform didn't counter rotate thus most of the power didn't reach the Earth. The antenna was 360 omnidirectional!0 % t t'  C-bandX tUtA#R.i(Main transponders2N ttA#RiPower6 WUUttA#R(iBandwidth25 MHzVtNtA#R*iEIRP max11.5 dBWp/ttA#R^iCapacity240 phone circuits or 1 TV channelNt@t% aDidn't allow multiple accest@t*ts: the European stations: Pleumeur-Bodou (France), Goonhilly Downs (UK), Raisting (Germany) and Fucino (Italy) used to operated 1 week per month!= t@t1_ @t)AtEtIntelsat 201M@t)At8 @,%D" Intelsat 2011 @tZAt'  Generalg )AtAtG#^@") Designation02514 / 66096A\ZAtBtA#R6Launch date26 Oct 1966t'AtBtM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"BtCtM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsBBtCtA#R,Geostationary orbitn/a (3424 km x 37531 km x 17.2 x 730 min)r%CtCtM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #42&CtDt# 5CtPDt'  End of life_DtDtA#R<"Out of service26 Oct 1966BPDt2EtA#RCauseRemained on the transfert (the apogee kick motor failed)&DtXEt# 82EtEt' "(Technical dataLXEtEt0 08'kzSpecificationsC-band= EtFt1C FtfFtxJtIntelsat 202MEtfFt8 @,%D" Intelsat 2021 FtFt'  Generalg fFtFtG#^@") Designation02639 / 67001A\FtZGtA#R6Launch date11 Jan 1967t'FtGtM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"ZGt=HtM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsm,GtHtA#RX,Geostationary orbitPacific Ocean Regionr%=HtItM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #44&HtBIt# 5ItwIt'  End of lifeWBItItA#R,"Out of serviceyes&wItIt# 8It,Jt' "(Technical dataLItxJt0 08'kzSpecificationsC-band= ,JtJt123 JtKtOtIntelsat 203MxJtKt8 @,%D" Intelsat 2031 Jt3Kt'  Generalg KtKtG#^@") Designation02717 / 67026A\3KtKtA#R6Launch date23 Mar 1967t'KtjLtM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"KtLtM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\jLt5MtA#R6,Geostationary orbit4Wr%LtMtM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #47&5MtMt# 5MtNt'  End of lifeWMtYNtA#R,"Out of serviceyes&NtNt# 8YNtNt' "(Technical dataLNtOt0 08'kzSpecificationsC-band= Nt@Ot14 @OtOttIntelsat 204MOtOt8 @,%D" Intelsat 2041 @OtOt'  Generalg Ot1tG#^@") Ot1tOtDesignation02969 / 67094A\OttA#R6Launch date28 Sep 1967t'1ttM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"tptM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^t΁tA#R:,Geostationary orbit179Er%pt@tM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #52&΁tft# 5@tt'  End of lifeWfttA#R,"Out of serviceyes&tt# 8tPt' "(Technical dataLtt0 08'kzSpecificationsC-band= Ptكt13 كt&tօtIntelsat 301Mt&t8 @,%D" Intelsat 3015كt[t'  End of life_&ttA#R<"Out of service18 Sep 1968r+[t,tG#^Vp㉂CauseLaunch failure (Thor Delta #59)&tRt# 8,tt' "(Technical dataLRtօt0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= tt13t`tbtIntelsat 302Mօt`t8 @,%D" Intelsat 3021 tt'  Generalg `ttG#^@") Designation03623 / 68116A\tTtA#R6Launch date19 Dec 1968t'tȇtM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"Tt7tM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]ȇttA#R8,Geostationary orbit31Wr%7ttM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #63&t,t# 5tat'  End of lifeW,ttA#R,"Out of serviceyes&atމt# 8tt' "(Technical dataLމtbt0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= tt12tttIntelsat 303Mbtt8 @,%D" Intelsat 3031 tt'  Generalg ttG#^@") Designation03674 / 69011A[tߋtA#R4Launch date6 Feb 1969t'tStM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"ߋtŒtM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]SttA#R8,Geostationary orbit57Er%ŒttM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #66&tt# 5tt'  End of lifeWtCtA#R,"Out of serviceyes&tit# 8Ctt' "(Technical dataLitt0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= t*t15*twttIntelsat 304Mtwt8 @,%D" Intelsat 3041 *tt'  Generalg wttG#^@") Designation0ttt3947 / 69045A\twtA#R6Launch date22 May 1969t'ttM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"wtZtM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^ttA#R:,Geostationary orbit174Er%Zt*tM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #68&tPt# 5*tt'  End of lifeWPttA#R,"Out of serviceyes&tt# 8t:t' "(Technical dataLtt0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= :tt1tttIntelsat 305Mtt8 @,%D" Intelsat 3051 tAt'  Generalg ttG#^@") Designation04051 / 69064A\AttA#R6Launch date26 Jul 1969t'txtM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"ttM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\xtCtA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ar%ttM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #71&Ctt# 5tt'  End of life_totA#R<"Out of service26 Jul 1969HttA#RCausePlaced on a wrong orbit (271 km x 5397 km x 30.7 x 176.6 min)VotNtA#R*Decay14 Oct 1988&ttt# 8Ntt' "(Technical dataLttt0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= t5t15ۃ5tttIntelsat 306Mtt8 @,%D" Intelsat 3061 5tt'  Generalg ttG#^@") Designation04297 / 70003A\tvtA#R6Launch date15 Jan 1970t'ttM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"vtYtM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_ttA#R<,Geostationary orbit27.5Wr%Yt*tM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #75&tPt# 5*tt'  End of lifeWPttA#R,"Out of serviceyes&tt# 8t:t' "(Technical dataLtt0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= :tt1Ktt9uIntelsat 307Mtt8 @,%D" Intelsat 3071 tAt'  Generalg ttG#^@") Designation04376 / 70032A\AttA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1970t'txtM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"t uM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsxt ut_xtkuA#R<,Geostationary orbit24.5Wr% uuM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #78&kuu# 5u8u'  End of lifeWuuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&8uu# 8uu' "(Technical dataLu9u0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= uvu1/ۃ-vuuuIntelsat 308M9uu8 @,%D" Intelsat 3081 vuu'  Generalg u[uG#^@") Designation04478 / 70055A\uuA#R6Launch date23 Jul 1970t'[u+uM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsY+uuA#R0,Geostationary orbitr%ueuM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #79&uu# 5euu'  End of lifeWuuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&u=u# 8uuu' "(Technical dataL=uu0 08ؕ:⳶SpecificationsC-band= uuu1>8uKu uIntelsat 401MuKu8 @,%D" Intelsat 4011 u|u'  Generalg KuuG#^@") Designation07815 / 75042A\|u?uA#R6Launch date22 May 1975t'uuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"?u" uM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_u uA#R<,Geostationary orbit18.5Wq$" u uM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_ uQ uA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral& uw u# 5Q u u'  End of lifeWw u uA#R,"Out of serviceyes& u) u# 8 ua u' "(Technical dataL) u u0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= a u u10 u7 u@uIntelsat 402M u7 u8 @,%D" Intelsat 4021 uh u'  Generalg 7 u uG#^@") Designation04881 / 71006A\h u+ uA#R6Launch date26 Jan 1971t' u uM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"+ uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_ umuA#R<,Geostationary orbit19.5Wq$uuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_mu=uA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&ucu# 5=uu'  End of lifeWcu @uA#R,"Out of serviceyesu @u u&u2@u# 8 @uj@u' "(Technical dataL2@u@u0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= j@u@u1-@u@AuEuIntelsat 403M@u@Au8 @,%D" Intelsat 4031 @uqAu'  Generalg @AuAuG#^@") Designation05709 / 71116A\qAu4BuA#R6Launch date20 Dec 1971t'AuBuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"4BuCuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_BuvCuA#R<,Geostationary orbit21.5Wq$CuCuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_vCuFDuA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&CulDu# 5FDuDu'  End of lifeWlDuDuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&DuEu# 8DuVEu' "(Technical dataLEuEu0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= VEuEu10Eu,FuJuIntelsat 404MEu,Fu8 @,%D" Intelsat 4041 Eu]Fu'  Generalg ,FuFuG#^@") Designation05775 / 72003A\]Fu GuA#R6Launch date23 Jan 1972t'FuGuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo" GuHuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^GuaHuA#R:,Geostationary orbit179Eq$HuHuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_aHu1IuA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&HuWIu# 51IuIu'  End of lifeWWIuIuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&Iu Ju# 8IuAJu' "(Technical dataL JuJu0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= AJuJu1JuKuwOuIntelsat 405MJuKu8 @,%D" Intelsat 4051 JuHKu'  Generalg KuKuG#^@") Designation06052 / 72041A\HKu LuA#R6Launch date13 Jun 1972t'KuLuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo" LuLuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]LuKMuA#R8,Geostationary orbit57Eq$LuMuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_KMuNuA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&MuANu# 5NuvNu'  End of lifeWANuNuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&vNuNu# 8Nu+Ou' "(Technical dataLNuwOu0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= +OuOu1Ou uuIntelsat 406MwOu u8 @,%D" Intelsat 406Ou uwOu5OuBu'  End of life_ uuA#R<"Out of service20 Feb 1975q*BuuG#^TyjCauseLaunch failure (Atlas Centaur)&u8u# 8upu' "(Technical dataL8uu0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= puu1uFuuIntelsat 407MuFu8 @,%D" Intelsat 4071 uwu'  Generalg FuނuG#^@") Designation06796 / 73058A\wu:uA#R6Launch date23 Aug 1973t'ނuuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo":uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\uyuA#R6,Geostationary orbit1Wq$uuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_yuIuA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&uou# 5Iuu'  End of lifeWouuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&u!u# 8uYu' "(Technical dataL!uu0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band= Yuu1>u/uuIntelsat 408Mu/u8 @,%D" Intelsat 4081 u`u'  Generalg /uLJuG#^@") Designation07544 / 74093A\`u#uA#R6Launch date21 Nov 1974t'LJuuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"#uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^uduA#R:,Geostationary orbit174Eq$uՉuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_du4uA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&ՉuZu# 54uu'  End of lifeWZuuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&u u# 8uDu' "(Technical dataL uu0 08n콫SpecificationsC-band> Du΋u1-΋uuuIntelsat 4A01Nuu8 @.%D" Intelsat 4A011 ΋uMu'  Generalg uuG#^@") Designation08330 / 75091A\MuuA#R6Launch date26 Sep 1975t'uuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_uRuA#R<,Geostationary orbit24.5Wq$uÎuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_Ru"uA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&ÎuHu# 5"u}u'  End of lifeWHuԏuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&}u u# ԏu uu8ԏuDu' "(Technical dataL uu0 08cȀSpecificationsC-band> Duu18uu~uIntelsat 4A02Nuu8 @.%D" Intelsat 4A021 uMu'  Generalg uuG#^@") Designation08620 / 76010A\MuuA#R6Launch date29 Jan 1976t'uuM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_uRuA#R<,Geostationary orbit27.5Wq$uuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_Ru"uA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&uHu# 5"u}u'  End of lifeWHuuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&}uu# 8u2u' "(Technical dataLu~u0 08cȀSpecificationsC-band> 2uu1>u uiuIntelsat 4A03N~u u8 @.%D" Intelsat 4A031 u;u'  Generalg uuG#^@") Designation10557 / 78002A[;uuA#R4Launch date7 Jan 1978t'uquM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]qu=uA#R8,Geostationary orbit60Eq$uuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_=u uA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&u3u# 5 uhu'  End of lifeW3uuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&huu# 8uu' "(Technical dataLuiu0 08cȀSpecificationsC-band> uu1-> uuWuIntelsat 4A04Niuu8 @.%D" Intelsat 4A041 u&u'  Generalg uuG#^@") Designation10024 / 77041A\&uuA#R6Launch date26 May 1977t'u]uM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"uuM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_]u+uA#R<,Geostationary orbit34.5Wq$uuM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_+uuA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&u!u# 5uVu'  End of lifeW!uuA#R,"Out of serviceyes&Vuu# 8u u' "(Technical dataLuWu0 08cȀSpecificationsC-band> uu1!u vvIntelsat 4A05NWu v8 @.%D" Intelsat 4A05u vWu5uAv'  End of life_ vvA#R<"Out of service29 Sep 1977@Av'vG#^yjCauseLaunch failure (Atlas Centaur): explosion after 55 s&vMv# 8'vv' "(Technical dataLMvv0 08cȀSpecificationsC-band> vv1"v]vvIntelsat 4A06Nv]v8 @.%D" Intelsat 4A061 vv'  Generalg ]vvG#^@") Designation10778 / 78035A\vQvA#R6Launch date31 Mar 1978t'vvM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"Qv4vM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]vvA#R8,Geostationary orbit63Eq$4vvM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_vavA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&vv# 5avv'  End of lifeWvvA#R,"Out of serviceyes&v9v# 8vqv' "(Technical dataL9vv0 08cȀSpecificationsC-band= qvv1s#vGv @vIntelsat 501MvGv8 @,%D" Intelsat 5011 vxv'  Generalg GvvG#^@") Designation12474 / 81050A\xv;vA#R6Launch date23 May 1981t'vvM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo";v vM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!v vA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$ v vM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_ vP vA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral& vv v# 2 P v v'  Locationv v2 vm#:p   " BeginEndPosition v vj#.p$(*L: 23 May 19812 v; vj#<pMay 1988went inclined* v vj#Tp02late 1991late 1991177W, inclinedP; v vp#p,.Oct 1992Jan 199691.5E, inclined (left to leave the slot to Measat 1), v%vj#Xp"68late Feb 1996Jan 199772E, inclined& vKv# 5%vv'  End of life\KvvA#R6"Out of serviceFeb 1997Tv0vA#R&Causedeorbited&vVv# 80vv' "(Technical data]&Vv @v7 >L:뢟%ūSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandv @vv= vI@v1 $I@v@v4JvIntelsat 502M @v@v8 @,%D" Intelsat 5021 I@v@v'  Generalg @v.AvG#^@") Designation12089 / 80098A[@vAvA#R4Launch date6 Dec 1980t'.AvAvM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"AvlBvM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!AvBvA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$lBv?CvM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_BvCvA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&?CvCv# 2 CvCv'  LocationCvDvm#:   " BeginEndPositionCvEvj#8"&(L: 6 Dec 198021.5WDvEvj#<Dec 1988went inclined&EvFvj#L,.Jan 1991Jan 19911W, inclined)EvFvj#R,.Feb 1992Oct 199421.5W, inclined)FvDGvj#R,.Oct 1994Apr 199840.5W, inclined&FvjGv# 5DGvGv'  End of life_jGvGvA#R<"Out of service14 Apr 1998TGvRHvA#R&Causedeorbited&GvxHv# 8RHvHv' "(Technical dataxHvIv: B:뢟%ū񉂂SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandWhen in 21.5W, the antenna's platform was rotated in December 1992 to enable a direct link between Somalia and the US. The Eastern spot was pointed to Somalia.=HvIv' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EIv4Jv0 0*B0}Z(C-bandKu-band1IveJv1%eJvJvX"4JvJv6 "Out of servicemid Jan 1998Twv+vA#R&Causedeorbited&׃vQv# 8+vv' "(Technical data]&Qvv7 >L:뢟%ūSpecificationsC-bandKu-band=v#v' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Evhv0 0* ǀ`C-bandKu-band1#vv1(vvX"hvv6 L:뢟%ūSpecificationsC-bandKu-band= jvv1 3+vQvvIntelsat 505MvQv8 @,%D" Intelsat 505@vv# :Also called Intelsat MCS-A1 Qvv'  Generalg v)vG#^@") Designation13595 / 82097A\vvA#R6Launch date28 Sep 1982t')vvM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"vhvM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!vvA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$hv;vM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_vvA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&;vv# : vv- */ۀ Locationvvm#:   " BeginEndPositionvvj#.$(*L: 28 Sep 1982vvj#<Dec 1989went inclined*v!vj#T24Jan 1991end of 199163E, inclined'vvj#N,.Feb 1992Aug 199466E, inclined'!vCvj#N,.Nov 1994Jun 199665E, inclined'vvj#N,.Aug 1996Nov 199633E, inclinedCv]vj#>Apr 199772E, inclined&vv# 8]vv' "(Technical datam/v(v> L^:뢟.ū%ūSpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band=vev' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E(vv0 0*+ZmEC-bandKu-band1evv1,v3vX"v3v6 L^:뢟.ū%ūSpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band=ww' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EYww0 0*ΖVtC-bandKu-band1w w1/ wdwX"wdw6 L^:뢟.ū%ūSpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band1j@wAw12Aw`AwX"@w`Aw6 L^:뢟.ū%ūSpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band= tFwGw1|5GwkGwLwIntelsat 509MFwkGw8 @,%D" Intelsat 5091 GwGw'  Generalg kGwHwG#^@") Designation15034 / 84057A[Gw^HwA#R4Launch date9 Jun 1984t'HwHwM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"^HwAIwM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\HwIwA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/aq$AIwJwM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaurk!IwyJwJ#dBLaunch siteCape Canaveral&JwJw# 5yJwJw'  End of life^Jw2KwA#R:"Out of service9 Jun 1984c"JwKwA#RDCauseLauncher partial failureV2KwKwA#R*Decay24 Oct 1984&KwLw# 8KwILw' "(Technical datam/LwLw> L^:뢟.ū%ūSpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band= ILwLw16Lw@MwwIntelsat 510MLw@Mw8 @,%D" Intelsat 5101 LwqMw'  Generalg @MwMwG#^@") Designation15629 / 85025A\qMw4NwA#R6Launch date22 Mar 1985t'MwNwM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"4NwOwM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!NwyOwA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$Ow wM#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas CentauryOw wLw&yOw2w# : wlw- */ۀ Location2wwm#:   " BeginEndPositionlw|wj#8$(*L: 22 mar 1984174Ewwj#<Aug 1992went inclined'|wwj#N,.Feb 1995Mar 199566E, inclined'w&wj#N,.Apr 1995Jun 199657E, inclinedwwj#>Nov 199633E, inclined&&wՃw# 8w w' "(Technical data]&Ճwjw7 >L&р,9ᛧSpecificationsC-bandKu-band= ww' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Ejww0 0*sRyC-bandKu-band1ww17wuwX"wuw6 p,.Jan 1991Jan 199127.5Wwwj#<p.0late 1991Sep 199263Ewwj#<p,.Oct 1992Feb 1993177E-w-wj#Zp,.Feb 1993Nov 1994177E, went inclined(wwj#Pp,.Feb 1995Sep 1997180E, inclined%-wNwj#Jp $&mid-Jun 199829.5W, inclined/ww' At 29.5W the satellite will provide the cable restoration service (the average cable outage can last from 7 to 10 days)In 1997, INTELSAT restored a total of 17 cable systems, and provided the equivalent to 200 units of 36 MHz, which generated revenues of US$ 24 million. Cable owners from the following countries have leased capacity on the INTELSAT 511 satellite in case of cable failure: NwwwBrazil, Canada, France, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, Venezuela, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.8Nww' "(Technical data]&ww7 >L&р,9ᛧSpecificationsC-bandKu-band=w[w' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Eww0 0*6U݀Qj"C-bandKu-band1[ww1:w)wX"w)w6 ,.Jan 1991Jan 199134.5WNw]wj#8,.Mar 1991Jun 19941W+wwj#V,.Jun 1994Aug 19941W, went inclined)]wwj#R,.Sep 1994Sep 199621.5W, inclined)wwj#R,.Feb 1997Jun 199855.5W, inclined&w>w# 5wsw'  End of life\>wwA#R6"Out of serviceJul 1998Usw$wA#R(Causedeorbited?&wJw# 8$ww' "(Technical dataIJww9 B&р,9ᛧSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandKu-band downlink: 11.01-11.59 GHz1w5w1=5wwX"ww6 wwY#ww6 xm#:   " BeginEndPosition#xxj#F$8:L: 17 May 1988Jul 199553W3>xhxj#fAug 1995177W, inclined (from Aug 1995 on)&xx# 8hxx' "(Technical data]&x#x7 >L&р,9ᛧSpecificationsC-bandKu-band=x`x' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E#xx0 0*|bpQnwC-bandKu-band1`xx1@x.xX"x.x6 L&р,9ᛧSpecificationsC-bandKu-band= x8x1/-C8xx+xIntelsat 515Mxx8 @,%D" Intelsat 5151 8xx'  Generalg xxG#^@") Designation19772 / 89006A\xyxA#R6Launch date27 Jan 1989t'xxM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"yx\ xM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!x xA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!\ x, xM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V28& xR x# : , x x- */ۀ LocationR x xm#:   " BeginEndPosition x xj#.$(*L: 27 Jan 1989 x xj#:,.Jan 1991Feb 199260E x xj#:,.Apr 1992Aug 199618W x. xj#>,.Sep 1996Dec 199721.5W x xj#.Mar 199837.8W. xsx+ $3ur7From 1st Apr 1998 on the satellite is used by Columbia Communications Corp. and renamed Columbia 515. The Ku-band payload will not be used anymore.8 xx' "(Technical dataAsx+x? N&р,9ᛧ»SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandEIRP coverage map (dBW)1x\x1D\xxX"+xx6 Lן^̫GU$ىSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=ExFx' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EXFxFx0 0*@i*C-bandKu-band1Fx Gx1F GxcGxX"FxcGx6 ,.Jan 1991Feb 199224.5WLxMxj#:,.Apr 1992Apr 199260EMx Nxj#:,.Oct 1992Oct 199763EMxNxj#*Oct 199762E& NxNx# 8NxNx' "(Technical dataCNx~Ox> Lן^̫GU$ىSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=NxOx' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E~Ox x0 0*t,w~C-bandKu-bandOx xGx1Ox=x1I=xxX" xx6 ,.May 1992Oct 199734.5Wx(xj#.Nov 199724.5W&xNx# 8(xx' "(Technical dataCNxx> Lן^̫GU$ىSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=xDx' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Exx0 0*0݉C-bandKu-band1Dxx1LxxX"xx6 ,.Jan 1991Feb 199227.5W:xBxj#*Oct 199260E&Îxhx# 8Bxx' "(Technical dataChx-x> Lן^̫GU$ىSpecificationsC-bandKu-banx-xxdTransponder frequency plan=xjx' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E-xx0 0*]<C-bandKu-band1jxx1Ox8xX"x8x6 ,.Jul 1992Nov 199724.5W xxj#.Dec 199727.5Wxx% YIn early September the satellite experienced an "anomaly" with telemetry. For more safety, the fleet in AOR was redeployed. The telemetry problem affects the attitude control: the satellite is not reporting its location anymore. Therefore the position has to be computed by ground stations (by measuring signal strength). Those telemetry problems were solved in Dec 1997 so that the satellite could resume normal operations.8xx' "(Technical dataCxx> Lן^̫GU$ىSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=xx' , EIRP coverage (dBW)p9xKx7 >rvQGRGRC-bandKu-band Eastern spotKu-band Western spot1x|x1R|xxX"Kxx6 L@ ӫڋቂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=Jy`Ky' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E#KyKy0 0*5+ dCvC-bandKu-band1`KyKy1YKy.LyX"Ky.Ly6 L@ ӫڋቂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=yy' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E{yy0 0**jՉC-bandKu-band1y.y1\.yyX"yy6 L@ ӫڋቂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=yYy' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Eyy0 0*{г&`4C-bandKu-band1Yyϋy1_ϋy'yX"y'y6 L@ ӫڋቂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=yGy' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E yy0 0*wC-bandKu-band1Gyy1byyX"yy6 L@ ӫڋቂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=yqy' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E4yy0 0*G|"C-bandKu-band1qyy1ey?yX"y?y6 L?IRC jSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=ySy' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Eyy0 0*dkŐI )QC-bandKu-band1Syy1hy-zX"y-z6 L?IRC jSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=zvz' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E9zz0 0*Elڀ⪙/C-bandKu-band1vzz1kzDzX"zDz6 L?IRC jSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan= z z1<rn z z]CzIntelsat 709Mt z z8 @,%D" Intelsat 7091 z/ z'  Generalg z zG#^@") Designation23915 / 96035A\/ z zA#R6Launch date15 Jun 1996t' zfzM#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo" zzM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!fz7zA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!zzM#jB" &E+Launch vehicleAriane V87&7zz# : z@z- */ۀ Locatiz@zt zonz@zm#:   " BeginEndPosition0@z5Azj#`$@BL: 15 Jun 1996mid-Jul 199657W, testing@zAzj#2 $&mid-Jul 199650WjF5Az"Bz$ The East Hemi beam had problems and was deactivated in early 1997.8AzZBz' "(Technical dataC"BzBz> L@ ӫڋቂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=ZBzCz' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EBz]Cz0 0*Mml LMk?ګmc"ꉂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=KzpLz' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E3LzLz0 0*b̉C-bandKu-band1pLzLz1rLz>MzX"Lz>Mz6 MzMz6 "/ۀ0Geostationary orbit174En!5z zM#jB" &9E+Launch vehicleAriane V96N(zWz& PValue: $179 milliontested at 166E8 zz' "(Technical dataCWzz> LMk?ګmc"ꉂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=zMz' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Ezz0 0*#C`^,i+C-bandKu-band1MzÂz1uÂzzX"zz6 LMk?ګmc"ꉂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=\zz' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E݉z_z0 0*ꩀ⿺oC-bandKu-band1zz1xzzX"_zz6 LMk?ګmc"ꉂSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan=4z z' , EIRP coverage (dBW)z zrzEzQz0 0*i Iv鉂C-bandKu-band1 zz1{zzX"Qzz6 Lxstp뉂DEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-bandKu-band;7zz' ( C-band slot chartSzz#5N\@@j!!4!X!l!!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)Hemi AHemi BBandwidth (MHz)#zz#ڀF5N\@@j &2>7'6.4673.44213'A23'A36#z5z#ڀF5N\@@j &2>6'6.5073.48212'B22'B36#zz#ڀF5N\@@j &2>5'6.5473.52212'A22'A36#5zz#ڀF5N\@@j &2>4'6.5873.56211'B21'B36#z-z#ڀF5N\@@j &2>3'6.6273.60211'A21'A36!zz#ڀB5N\@@j &0:1'5.9083.68310A20A36 -zxz#ڀ@5N\@@j (081-25.9703.745112172 zz#ڀ@5N\@@j (083-46.0503.825122272 xzz#ڀ@5N\@@j (085-66.1303.905132372 zgz#ڀ@5N\@@j (087-86.2203.995142472z z#ڀ<5N\@@j$,496.2804.055152536gzz#ڀ>5N\@@j &.6106.3204.095162636 zRz#ڀ>5N\@@j &.6116.3604.135172736!z {#ڀB5N\@@j *2:126.40254.1775182841Rz {dzRz{#*5N\@@j &Pol.:ABR- {{% [It is possible to connect transponders with A pol up to both A or B pol down (same applies to pol B). A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP. If the polarization is switched to linear, replace LHCP by Horizontal and RHCP by Vertical.F{A{' > C-band interconnection chart3{ {#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandSA{{#nMkhemi A1', 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 7', 6', 5', 4', 3'hemi AC( {{#PnMk46FHhemi A1-2, 3-4, 5-6spot 1KuS{{#nMkhemi B1', 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 7', 6', 5', 4', 3'hemi BC&{{# <{{' * Ku-band slot chartH{{#C\k@j!!4!X!l!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)Spot 1Bandwith (MHz)!{_{t#BC\k@j 0:1-214.042512.547536177{{t#>C\k@j ,63-414.12512.63036272_{{t#>C\k@j ,65-614.20512.70136372{ {w#$C\k@j Pol:HV&{4 {# G  {{ {' @ Ku-band interconnection chart34 {D {#fnMj02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBand({ { {#PnMj46FHspot 11-2, 3-4, 5-6spot 1Ku'D { {#NnMj46FHspot 11-2, 3-4, 5-6hemi ACB { {$ <Ku-band beacon: 12.501 GHz1 {, {1~, {} {Q {} {6 <8Ā"Intelsat 805's EIRP= , { {1\ { {{Intelsat 806M} { {8 @,%D" Intelsat 806; {B {# 0part of the 8A series1  {s {'  Generalg B { {G#^@") Designation25239 / 98013A\s {6{A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1998t' {{M#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"6{{M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_{x{A#R<,Geostationary orbit40.5Wr%{ @{M#jJ" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2AS #114x{ @{} {M)x{Y@{$ RTested at 55.5W until late Apr 1998.8 @{@{' "(Technical dataz<Y@{ A{> Lxي|tp뉂DEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-bandKu-band;@{FA{' ( C-band slot chartS A{?B{#5N\@@j!!4!X!l!!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)Hemi AHemi BBandwidth (MHz)$FA{B{#ڀH5N\@@j,6@5'-6'6.5273.50212'22'72$?B{C{#ڀH5N\@@j,6@3'-4'6.6073.58211'21'72"B{8D{#ڀD5N\@@j,4<1'-2'5.8883.663102072 C{D{#ڀ@5N\@@j (081-25.9683.743112172 8D{E{#ڀ@5N\@@j$.836.0283.80312A22A36 D{'F{#ڀ@5N\@@j$.846.0683.84312B22B36 E{F{#ڀ@5N\@@j$.856.1083.88313A23A36 'F{qG{#ڀ@5N\@@j$.866.1483.92313B23B36 F{H{#ڀ@5N\@@j$.876.2013.97614A24A36 qG{H{#ڀ@5N\@@j$.886.2404.01414B24B36H{^I{#ڀ<5N\@@j$,496.2804.055152536H{J{#ڀ>5N\@@j &.6106.3204.095162636^I{J{#ڀ>5N\@@j &.6116.3604.135172736!J{LK{#ڀB5N\@@j *2:126.40254.1775182841J{K{#*5N\@@j &Pol.:ABR-LK{;M{% [It is possible to connect transponders with A pol up to both A or B pol down (same applies to pol B). A pol stands for uplink in LHCP & downlink in RHCP. B pol stands for uplink in RHCP & downlink in LHCP. If the polarization is switched to linear, replace LHCP by Horizontal and RHCP by Vertical.FK{M{' > C-band interconnection chart3;M{JN{#fnMk02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBandSM{0O{#nMkhemi A1'-2', 1-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 3'-4', 5'-6'hemi AC,JN{ {#XnMk<>NPhemi A1-2, 4/3-4, 6/5-6spot 1Ku0O{ {} {S0O{{#nMkhemi B1'-2', 1-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 3'-4', 5'-6'hemi BCoK {a{$ 4/3-4 means uplink in channel 4 C-band, downlink in channel 3-4 Ku-band<{{' * Ku-band slot chartHa{t{#C\k@j!!4!X!l!slot #Uplink (GHz)Downlink (GHz)Spot 1Bandwith (MHz)!{ {t#BC\k@j 0:1-214.042511.747526177t{{t#>C\k@j ,63-414.12511.83026272 {/{t#>C\k@j ,65-614.20511.91026372{{w#$C\k@j Pol:VH&/{ބ{# G {%{' @ Ku-band interconnection chart3ބ{{#fnMj02TVUplink beamslot #Downlink beamBand(%{{#PnMj46FHspot 11-2, 3-4, 5-6spot 1Ku+{g{#VnMj<>NPspot 11-2, 3-4/4, 5-6/6hemi ACh{{& 3-4/4 means uplink in channel 3-4 Ku-band, downlink in channel 4 Ku-bandKu-band beacon: 11.701 GHz1g{&{1&{{^({{6 Contract worth $100 million8{*{' "(OTechnical data={g{' , EIRP coverage (dBW)xH*{ߌ{0 0hcQicQFixed 1 and Steerable 1 Ku beamsFixed 2 and Steerable 2 Ku beams8g{{' " SpecificationsYߌ{p{A#R0&Prime contractorMMS\{̍{A#R6PlatformEurostar 2000+[p{'{A#R4"Mass at launch3250 kgS̍{z{A#R$ Mass in orbitO'{Ɏ{A#RDimensionQz{{A#R Solar arrayYɎ{s{A#R0 Stabilization3 axisT{Ǐ{A#R&DC power7600 W]s{0{A#R8$Ǐ{0{{Design lifetime12 yearshDǏ{{$ The satellite can operate in collocation with up to 3 satellites1 0{{'  Ku-bandY{"{A#R0(Main transponders30Y{{{A#R0,Backup transpondersW"{{B#TPowerFixed & Steerable beam 1: 101 W (TWTA)Fixed & Steerable beam 2: 105 W (TWTA)U{{i{A#R(Bandwidth36 MHz4{{]#F$hcQicQhcQicQCoverage 1 EIRPFixed beam 1: India (dual polarization), 52-49 dBWFixed beam 2: China, 50-32 dBWSteerable beam 1: Far East (dual polarization), 54-50 dBWSteerable beam 2: Indonesia/Malaysia, 53-47 dBWi{c{E#X G/TFixed beam 1: +4.4 - -1 dB/KFixed beam 2: +4.8 - -3 dB/KSteerable beam 1: +8.7- 0 dB/KSteerable beam 2: +7.2 - -1 dB/KY{{A#R0 SFD-91 - -73 dBW/m\c{{A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V{{C#TFrequenciesUplink: 13.75-14 GHz / 14-14.25 GHz / 14.25-14.5 GHz Downlink: 12.5-12.75 GHz / 10.95-11.2 GHz / 11.45-11.7 GHz R*{.{( UBeacon: 11.4515 GHz12 transponders for the India beam and 6 transponders for the Far East beam are permanently assigned. Additionally, there are 12 transponders that can be switched on a transponder-by-transponder basis among 18 available channels. The chart below details the possibilities:8{({#Tp: JSS~"~~~,~B~X~$Z~ grouptransp.transp.transp.setting[.{-{#$: JSS~ ~ ~ ~~2~F~H~ 1F2 / 21S1 / 353S2 / 167Any 2 of these 3 downlinks can be active at one time.[({2{#$: JSS~ ~ ~ ~~2~F~H~ 2F2 / 22S1 / 354S2 / 168Any 2 of these 3 downlinks can be active at one time.[-{7{#$: JSS~ ~ ~ ~~2~F~H~ 3F2 / 23S1 / 355S2 / 169Any 2 of these 3 downlinks can be active at one time.[2{<{#$: JSS~ ~ ~ ~~2~F~H~ 4F2 / 24S1 / 356S2 / 170Any 2 of these 3 downlinks can be active at one time.[7{A{#$: JSS~ ~ ~ ~~2~F~H~ 5F2 / 25S1 / 357S2 / 171Any 2 of these 3 downlinks can be active at one time.[<{F{#$: JSS~ ~ ~ ~~2~F~H~ 6F2 / 26S1 / 358S2 / 172Any 2 of these 3 downlinks can be active at one time.&A{l{# CF{{' 8 Slot frequency plan (GHz)0zl{{#<mrjM 0 \ l  € Horizontal DownlinkHorizontal UplinkSlotVertical UplinkVertical DownlinkUplink/Downlink beams&{|# Lmr{|{jM(8<>12.52413/31313.768F1/F1({s|# PmrjM,0@B13.76813X/313X12.524F1/F1&|6|# LmrjM(8<>12.56514/31413.809F1/F1(s||# PmrjM,0@B13.80914X/314X12.565F1/F1&6||# LmrjM(8<>12.60615/31513.850F1/F1(||# PmrjM,0@B13.80515X/315X12.606F1/F1&|F|# LmrjM(8<>12.64716/31613.891F1/F1(| |# PmrjM,0@B13.89116X/316X12.647F1/F1&F||# LmrjM(8<>12.68817/31713.932F1/F1( ||# PmrjM,0@B13.93217X/317X12.688F1/F1&|V|# LmrjM(8<>12.72918/31813.973F1/F1(| |# PmrjM,0@B13.97318X/318X12.729F1/F1V| |# mrjM & | |# LmrjM(8<>12.52461/31314.024S2/F1( |O |# PmrjM,0@B14.02461X/313X12.524S2/F1& | |# LmrjM(8<>12.56562/31414.065S2/F1(O | |# PmrjM,0@B14.06562X/314X12.565S2/F1& | |# LmrjM(8<>12.60663/31514.106S2/F1( |_|# PmrjM,0@B14.10663X/315X12.606S2/F1& |"|# LmrjM(8<>12.64764/31614.147S2/F1(_| @|# PmrjM,0@B14.14764X/316X12.647S2/F1"| @|{&"|@|# LmrjM(8<>12.68865/31714.188S2/F1( @|A|# PmrjM,0@B14.18865X/317X12.688S2/F1&@|WB|# LmrjM(8<>12.72966/31814.229S2/F1(A|C|# PmrjM,0@B14.22966X/318X12.729S2/F1WB|C|# mrjM %C|D|# JmrjM&6:<10.97121/2114.021F2/F2%C|LE|# JmrjM&6:<11.01222/2214.062F2/F2%D|F|# JmrjM&6:<11.05323/2314.103F2/F2%LE|F|# JmrjM&6:<11.09424/2414.144F2/F2%F|G|# JmrjM&6:<11.13525/2514.185F2/F2%F|TH|# JmrjM&6:<11.17626/2614.226F2/F2G|I|# mrjM &TH|I|# LmrjM(8<>12.52453/35313.768S1/S1(I|J|# PmrjM,0@B13.76853X/353X12.524S1/S1&I|KK|# LmrjM(8<>12.56554/35413.809S1/S1(J|L|# PmrjM,0@B13.80954X/354X12.565S1/S1&KK|L|# LmrjM(8<>12.60655/35513.850S1/S1(L|M|# PmrjM,0@B13.80555X/355X12.606S1/S1&L|[N|# LmrjM(8<>12.64756/35613.891S1/S1(M| O|# PmrjM,0@B13.89156X/356X12.647S1/S1&[N| |# LmrjM(8<>12.68857/35713.932S1/S1 O| |{( O|р|# PmrjM,0@B13.93257X/357X12.688S1/S1& ||# LmrjM(8<>12.72958/35813.973S1/S1(р|Y|# PmrjM,0@B13.97358X/358X12.729S1/S1||# mrjM &Y|ȃ|# LmrjM(8<>11.47167/16714.271S2/S2&||# LmrjM(8<>11.51268/16814.312S2/S2&ȃ|N|# LmrjM(8<>11.55369/16914.353S2/S2&||# LmrjM(8<>11.59470/17014.394S2/S2&N|Ԇ|# LmrjM(8<>11.63571/17114.435S2/S2&||# LmrjM(8<>11.67672/17214.476S2/S2&Ԇ||# 1||1W|B|h|T+|B|) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&|h|# 1B||1||a+h||6 L~ NnSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan1ʎ|||1W||Џ| |T+K|Џ|) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&|| |# Џ| |K|= Џ|I|1NTI|||Intelsat 902M ||8 @,%D" Intelsat 9021 I||'  GeneralY| |G#^$") DesignationZ|z|A#R2Launch datelate 2000t' ||M#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"z|]|M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationse||G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit62Ed]|&|G#^:" &Launch vehicleAriane 5&|L|# 8&||' "(Technical dataCL||> L~ NnSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan1|6|1W6|||T+||) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&6||# = ||1|:||Intelsat 903M|:|8 @,%D" Intelsat 9031 |k|'  GeneralY:||G#^$") DesignationQk||A#R Launch datet'||M#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"||M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg |_|G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit24.5Wd||G#^:" &Launch vehicleAriane 5&_||# 8|!|' "(Technical dataC||> L~ NnSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan1!||1W|'|M|T+|'|) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&|M|# = '||1T||?|Intelsat 904MM||8 @,%D" Intelsat 9041 ||'  GeneralY|a|G#^$") DesignationQ||A#R Launch datet'a|&|M#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalo"||M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg &||G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit34.5Wd|`|G#^:" &Launch vehicleAriane 5&||# 8`||' "(Technical dataC|?|> L~ NnSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency plan1|p|1Wp|||T+?||) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&p||# F|0|1*0||}Program: IntersputnikR||5 :<#Ā" Program: IntersputnikO0|}\ ڀ CIx"jQv -M~wIntersputnik is an organization created in 1971 by the former USSR; started working in 1972. It was aimed to break Intelsat's monopoly (they didn't expect members not to belong to other telecommunications organizations). In 1997, 22 states belonged to the organization (Intercosmos|}| members and other friend states). Intersputnik used Molniya satellites before turning to geostationary satellites (Raduga, Gorizont, Gals and Express). Earth stations use typical 12 m antennas. x|}3 4ZӉяOInformcosmos is an important partnerIn June 1997 it was announced that Intersputnik and Lockheed Martin had formed a joint venture to become a global satellite operator. The new company is called Lockheed Martin Interputnik Ltd.. The new company should be operating from numerous slots around the world. The deployment should start by slots in Asia to serve the CIS.1}}1}a}D}}* $4o7U=Program: Intersputnikd-}a}7 >Z#UM~wLMI 1see also Gorizont and Express6}}1}}B}LMI 1C a}}6 <#Ā" LMI 11 } }'  GeneralY}d}G#^$") DesignationZ }}A#R2Launch datelate 1998`d}}G#^2"N ,Country of origin?o"}}M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]}}A#R8,Geostationary orbit75Ej}T}M#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton&}z}# 8T}}' "(OTechnical data8z}}' " SpecificationsX}B}A#R.&Prime contractorLMU}}A#R(PlatformA2100AXTB}}A#R&"Mass at launchU}@}A#R(Dry mass1730 kgO}}A#RDimensionQ@}}A#R Solar arrayY}9 }A#R0 Stabilization3-axisT} }A#R&DC power7560 W]9 } }A#R8$Design lifetime15 years& } }# 0 }@ }'  C-bandY } }A#R0(Main transponders28Z@ } }A#R2,Backup transponders4O }B }A#RPower45 WU } }A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzoB }H }B#TCoverageA: Africa, the Middle East, Australasia and South East Asia excluding central AsiaB: central AsiaT } }A#R&EIRP max38 dBWVH } }A#R*G/T max-3.5 dB/K\ }N }A#R6Polarizationlinear H/Vg } }B#TFrequenciesUplink: A: 5.725-6.025 GHz; B: 6.425-6.725 GHzDownlink: A: 3.7-4.0 GHz; B: 3.4-3.7 GHz&N }}# 1 }N}'  Ku-bandY}}A#R0(Main transponders16ZN}}A#R2,Backup transponders6U}V}A#R(Power90 & 135 WU}}A#R(Bandwidth27 MHzV}@}C#TCoverageA1: Nor}@}a}thern part of the North hemisphere including Russia, part of China to IrakA2: Central part of the North hemisphere, including the Middle East, India, Thailand, Vietnam and most of Chinap.}8A}B#T\EIRP maxnorthern: 48 dBWsouthern: 47 dBW>@}A}B#T|G/T maxnorthern beam: +2.5 dB/Ksouthern beam: +0.35 dB/K\8A}B}A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VBA}B}B#TFrequenciesUplink: 13.750-14.000 GHzDownlink: 12.5-12.75 GHz&B}B}# 1B}B}1WB}CC}iC}T+B}CC}) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&B}iC}# ?CC}C}1\ gC}C}O}Intersputnik 8HiC}C}, (:" Program: Intersputnik 8{OC}kE}, &o7U=Russian telecommunication satellite program lead by Intersputnik. A special purpose company was formed with Daimler Benz Aerospace (Germany), Aerospatiale (France) and SS/L named Space Alliance.First satellite to be launched in late 1998 over the Indian Ocean. Another one will be positioned over the Atlantic Ocean in mid-1999.8C}E}' "(OTechnical data8kE}E}' " Specificationsc"E}>F}A#RD&Prime contractorAerospatiale N E}F}A#RPlatformT>F}F}A#R&"Mass at launchSF}3G}A#R$ Mass in orbitOF}G}A#RDimensionQ3G}G}A#R Solar arraySG}&H}A#R$ StabilizationTG}zH}A#R&DC power4000 W_&H}H}A#R<$Design lifetime> 15 yearszH}I}% SSS/Loral will manufacture basic subsystems such as satellite repeaters and Daimler-Benz Aerospace will provide antennas, solar arrays and an attitude control system.0 H}I}'  C-bandYI}0J}A#R0(Main transponders24YI}J}A#R0,Backup transpondersK 0J}J}A#RPowerVJ}*K}A#R*Bandwidth36 MHz?a J}K}A#R@Coverageglobal and regionalY*K}K}A#R0EIRP max37 - 40 dBWRK}6L}A#R"Polarization&K}\L}# 1 6L}L}'  Ku-bandY\L}L}A#R0(Main transponders16YL}?M}A#R0,Backup transpondersK L}M}A#RPower`?M}M}A#R>Bandwidth36, 54 and 72 MHza M}KN}A#R@Coveragesteerable spot beamTM}N}A#R&EIRP max50 dBWXKN}N}A#R.Polarizationlinear$N}O}" 1N}LO}1WLO}O}O}T+O}O}) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&LO}O}# 5O} }1E }I}]}IRASO} }O}= O}I}2 4"  IRASC }}# @ Infra Red Astronomy Satellite1 I}}'  Generalg }$}G#^@") Designation13777 / 83004A\}}A#R6Launch date26 Jan 1983K$}$}Y#"N 4,㬹.R׉㹌לCountry of originNetherlands, United Kingdom and United Statesu(}}M#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: IR astronomy^$}}A#R:"Perigee/Apogee884/903 kmT}K}A#R&Inclination99U}}A#R(Period102.9 mins&K}}M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #166}Y}}$ It mapped 250,000 IR sources in the 300 days before its helium coolant was exhausted.5}ń}'  End of life_}$}A#R<"Out of service23 Nov 1983&ń}J}# <$}}' * External resources]6J}}' lhttp://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/astro/iras/iras_home.html8}}' "(OTechnical data8}S}' " Specifications%}x}G#\<Industrial responsabilitiesNetherlands Aerospace Agency (bus)NASA Ames Research Center, JPL (telescope)SERC (TT&C and data collection)Prime contractors: ICIRAS (bus)Ball Aerospace (telescope)Perkin-Elmer (optics)[S}Ӈ}A#R4"Mass at launch1077 kgZx}-}A#R2"Telescope mass810 kgSӇ}}A#R$Diameter2.2 mQ-}ш}A#R Height3.6 m`}1}A#R>Solar array5 m (2 panels)Yш}}A#R0 Stabilization3 axisX1}}A#R.DC powerEOL: 500 W^}@}A#R:$Design lifetime11 months&}f}# 1 @}}' O Payloadf}}% Ritchey-Chretien-type reflecting telescope with a local plane array of 62 IR detectors surrounded by a dewar containing 475 l of liquid helium. Plus 2 photometers and a low-resolution spectrometer.^}}A#R:*Telescope diameter0.57 mW}:}A#R,Focal length5.5 m\}}A#R6 Field of view30 arcmin7:}͌}$ &Spectral range:Z}k}D#XIR Telescope(band 1) 8.5-15 m(band 2) 19-30 m(band 3) 40-80 m(band 4) 83-119 m[͌}ƍ}A#R4Spectrometer7.4-23 mi(k}/}A#RP<Short wavelength photometer4.1-8 mK'ƍ}z}$ NCooling system by evaporated helium\/}֎}A#R6,Temperature control2 Kc"z}9}A#RD"Telemetry/dataS-band (1 Mbps)$֎}]}" 89}}1~g} }Z~IridiumM]} }5 :2\I" Program: Iridium} }]}^2}j}, &eN As the program was originaly thought with 77 satellites, it was named after the 77th element in the periodical table: IridiumThe Iridium system is owned by Iridium LLC, an international consortium of 17 investor organizations representing telecommunications and industrial companies worldwide, with Motorola Satellite Communications Group serving as the prime contractor. The investors are: Iridium Africa Corporation, Iridium Canada, Inc., Iridium China (Hong Kong), Ltd., Iridium India Telecom Limited, Iridium Middle East Corporation, Iridium SudAmerica Corporation, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center of the Russian Federation, Korea Mobile Telecommunications of Korea, Lockheed Martin Corporation and Motorola, Inc. of the U.S., Nippon Iridium Corporation of Japan, o.tel.o communications GmbH of Germany, Pacific Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. of Taiwan, Raytheon Company of the U.S., Sprint Corporation of the U.S., STET Group - Societa Finanziara Telefonica per Azioni of Italy, and Thai Satellite Telecommunications Co., Ltd. of Thailand.A }}' 5The cost of the global system is close to $4 billion. The commercial launch date is 23 Sep 1998 Cost per satellite: $62 millionIridium next generation (called MacroCell): a system with 96 satellites capable of handling 384 kbps communications (4.8 kbps with the 1st system) <j}}' *O External resources}}6 :http://www.iridium.com/http://www2.satellite.eu.org/sat/vsohp/iridium.htmlhttp://www2.gsoc.dlr.de/satvis/iridiumhelp.html8}}' "(OTechnical data:}}' & Slots and planesb}t}J#d0  slotsatellites #o.}}A#R\raan 3554,5,6,7,8,19,34,35,36,37,51,61,69n-t}Q}A#RZraan 32328,29,30,31,32,33,55,57,58,59,60k*}}A#RTraan 29222,23,24,25,26,45,46,47,48,49j)Q}&}A#RRraan 5815,17,18,20,38,39,40,41,42,43o.}}A#R\raan 279,10,11,12,13,14,16,50,52,53,54,56L &}}A#Rraan ?&}}# 2 }9}'  Launches2}k}9 @9+Sp㉂㉓g12 satellites in 6 launches by Long March 2C from Taiyuan with unique "smart dispenser" (option for 4 more launches); July 199640 satellites in 8 launches by Delta 2 (and 5 more between 1998 and 2001)21 satellites in 3 launches by Proton@9}}' 2 Constellation overviewSk}}A#R$ Orbit typeLEOa }_}A#R@ Orbit range780 km, circularc"}}A#RD &Nb of satellites66 + 7 backupS_}}A#R$ Nb of planes6V}k}A#R* Inclination86.4^}}A#R: 2Nb beams per satellite48Vk}}A#R* Coverage4700 kmY}x}A#R0 ModulationFNMA/TDMA?}}B#T~ *Mobile frequenciesUplink: L-bandDownlink: 1610-1626.5 MHzZx}S}A#R2 "Satellite mass725 kgq0}}A#R` Coverageall longitudes, 80N - 80S latitudesd#S}4~A#RF &}4~]}Operational date1998 (planned)&}Z~# 14~~1U~.~R~>Z~~) "*ЇProgram: Iridiume~.~#̀lՅmՅnՅoՅpՅqՅrՅՅՅՅՅՅՅƀXՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅƀՅFՅ=Յ>Յ?Յ@ՅAՅBՅCՅDՅEՅqՅhՅƀiՅjՅkՅlՅmՅnՅoՅpՅՅՅՅՅՅ̀ZՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅIridium 03Iridium 04Iridium 05Iridium 06Iridium 07Iridium 08Iridium 09Iridium 10Iridium 11Iridium 12Iridium 13Iridium 14Iridium 15Iridium 16Iridium 17Iridium 18Iridium 19Iridium 20Iridium 21Iridium 22Iridium 23Iridium 24Iridium 25Iridium 26Iridium 27Iridium 28Iridium 29Iridium 30Iridium 31Iridium 32Iridium 33Iridium 34Iridium 35Iridium 36Iridium 37Iridium 38Iridium 39Iridium 40Iridium 41Iridium 42Iridium 43Iridium 44Iridium 45Iridium 46Iridium 47Iridium 48Iridium 49Iridium 50Iridium 51Iridium 52Iridium 53Iridium 54Iridium 55Iridium 56Iridium 57Iridium 58Iridium 59Iridium 60Iridium 61Iridium 62Iridium 63Iridium 64Iridium 65Iridium 66Iridium 67Iridium 68Iridium 69Iridium 70Iridium 71Iridium 72Iridium 73Iridium 74Iridium 75Iridium 76$~R~" 1.~~1U~: ~^ ~FR~~) ":ЇIridium's specificationse$~.~A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed Martina ~~A#R@PlatformIridium (LM700 bus)Z.~~A#R2"Mass at launch689 kgS~< ~A#R$ Mass in orbitT~ ~A#R&Dry mass556 kgV< ~ ~A#R*Dimension1 x 2 mQ ~7 ~A#R Solar arrayY ~ ~A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN 7 ~ ~A#RDC power\ ~: ~A#R6$Design lifetime5 years$ ~^ ~" 1: ~ ~1 ~ @~?^ ~ ~) ",ЇIridium's payloadt3 ~B ~A#RfModulationTDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)a ~ ~A#R@Capacity3840 phone circuitsSB ~ ~A#R$Voice4800 bpsQ ~G ~A#R  Fax2400 bpsR ~ ~A#R"Data2400 bps[G ~ ~A#R4"Total Bandwith200 MHz] ~Q~A#R8Mobile links1.5/1.6 GHzx7 ~~A#Rn.Intersatellite linksKa-band: 18.8-20.2/27.5-30 GHz*Q~ @~' On-board commutation. Inter satellite links, each satellite talks with its 4 neighborsCommunications between the gateways and the satellites: Uplink: 29.1-29.3 GHz, Downlink: 19.4-19.6 GHzPayload built by Motorola's Satcom division in Chandler, Arizona.~ @~^ ~; ~G@~1ayG@~@~D~Iridium 03G @~@~5 :&\I" Iridium 03?G@~@~# 8Also called Iridium SV0031 @~@~'  Generalg @~eA~G#^@") Designation25431 / 98048Ah'@~A~A#RNLaunch date19 Aug 1998 at 23:01 UTt'eA~AB~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"A~B~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsTAB~C~A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQB~UC~A#R InclinationJ C~C~A#RRAANt'UC~D~M#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2 #52&C~9D~# 8D~qD~' "(Technical dataM9D~D~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; qD~D~1j*D~@E~yI~Iridium 04GD~@E~5 :&\I" Iridium 04?D~E~# 8Also called Iridium SV0041 @E~E~'  Generalg E~F~G#^@") Designation24796 / 97020E[E~rF~A#R4Launch date5 May 1997t'F~F~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"rF~UG~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^F~G~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee771/783 km^UG~H~G#^. Inclination86.4M G~^H~A#RRAAN355p#H~H~M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #242&^H~H~# 8H~,I~' "(Technical dataMH~yI~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ,I~I~1jMI~I~4N~Iridium 05GyI~I~5 :&\I" Iridium 05?I~:J~# 8Also called Iridium SV0051 I~kJ~'  Generalg :J~J~G#^@") Designation24795 / 97020D[kJ~-K~A#R4Launch date5 May 1997t'J~K~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"-K~L~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^K~nL~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee771/783 km^L~L~G#^. Inclination86.4M nL~M~A#RRAAN355p#L~M~M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #242&M~M~# 8M~M~' "(Technical dataMM~4N~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; M~oN~1koN~N~~Iridium 06G4N~N~5 :&\I" Iridium 06?oN~N~# 8Also called Iridium SV0061 N~&O~'  Generalg N~O~G#^@") Designation24794 / 97020C[&O~ ~A#R4Launch date5 May 1997O~ ~4N~t'O~~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" ~~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^~M~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee774/780 km^~~G#^. Inclination86.4M M~~A#RRAAN355p#~h~M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #242&~~# 8h~Ƃ~' "(Technical dataM~~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; Ƃ~N~1j-N~~·~Iridium 07G~~5 :&\I" Iridium 07?N~ԃ~# 8Also called Iridium SV0071 ~~'  Generalg ԃ~l~G#^@") Designation24793 / 97020B[~DŽ~A#R4Launch date5 May 1997t'l~;~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"DŽ~~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^;~~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee773/781 km^~f~G#^. Inclination86.4M ~~A#RRAAN355p#f~#~M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #242&~I~# 8#~~' "(Technical dataMI~·~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ~ ~1j} ~P~~Iridium 08G·~P~5 :&\I" Iridium 08? ~~# 8Also called Iridium SV0081 P~~'  Generalg ~'~G#^@") Designation24972 / 97020A[~~A#R4Launch date5 May 1997t''~~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"~e~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^~Ê~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee776/779 km^e~!~G#^. Inclination86.4M Ê~n~A#RRAAN355p#!~ދ~M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #242&n~~# 8ދ~<~' "(Technical dataM~~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; <~Č~1z-SČ~ ~G~Iridium 09G~ ~5 :&\I" Iridium 09?Č~J~# 8Also called Iridium SV0091 ~{~'  Generalg J~~G#^@") Designation24839 / 97030D\{~>~A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'~~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso">~!~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^~~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee774/778 kmV!~Տ~A#R*Inclination86.4L ~-~A#RՏ~-~~RAAN27o"Տ~~M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249&-~~# 8~~' "(Technical dataM~G~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ~~1a}~~~Iridium 10GG~~5 :&\I" Iridium 10?~~# 8Also called Iridium SV0101 ~9~'  Generalg ~~G#^@") Designation24838 / 97030C\9~~A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'~p~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"~~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^p~=~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee773/780 kmV~~A#R*Inclination86.4L =~~A#RRAAN27o"~N~M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249&~t~# 8N~~' "(Technical dataMt~~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ~4~1yS4~{~~Iridium 11G~{~5 :&\I" Iridium 11?4~~# 8Also called Iridium SV0111 {~~'  Generalg ~R~G#^@") Designation24842 / 97030G\~~A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'R~"~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"~~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ"~~A#R2"Perigee/Apogee770 kmV~A~A#R*Inclination86.4L ~~A#RRAAN27o"A~~M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249B~>~$ <Currently on reserve orbit8~v~' "(Technical dataM>~~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; v~~1aQ~E~u~Iridium 12G~E~5 :&\I" Iridium 12?~~# 8Also called Iridium SV0121 E~~'  Generalg ~~G#^@") Designation24837 / 97030B\~x~A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'~~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"x~[~M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^~~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee772/781 kmV[~~A#R*Inclination86.4L ~[~A#RRAAN27o"~~M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249&[~~# 8~(~' "(Technical dataM~u~0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; (~~1d:~ <Iridium 13Gu~ 5 :&\I" Iridium 13~ u~?~K# 8Also called Iridium SV0131 |'  Generalg KG#^@") Designation24840 / 97030E\|?A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"?"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee774/780 kmV"A#R*Inclination86.4L "A#RRAAN27o"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249&"# 8' "(Technical dataM<0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; w1aQ*wIridium 14G<5 :&\I" Iridium 14?w# 8Also called Iridium SV0141 .'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24836 / 97030A\.A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'eM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^e2A#R:"Perigee/Apogee775/778 kmVA#R*Inclination86.4L 2A#RRAAN27o"CM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249&i# 8C' "(Technical dataMi0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ) 1*) p  Iridium 15Gp 5 :&\I" Iridium 15?)  # 8Also called Iridium SV0151 p  '  Generalg G G#^@") Designation24869 / 97034A[  A#R4Launch date9 Jul 1997t'G  M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"  M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ  A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV 5 A#R*Inclination86.4L  A#RRAAN58n!5  M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #244_ x * $㉓gWas to be launched with Proton #249 but was dropped during a loading operation in the US.8  ' "(Technical dataMx  0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 81:8BIridium 16G 5 :&\I" Iridium 16?8# 8Also called Iridium SV0161 '  Generalg VG#^@") Designation24841 / 97030F\A#R6Launch date18 Jun 1997t'V2@M#jN"N ,㹌ל2@ Country of originUnited Stateso"@M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^2@@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee775/779 kmV@UAA#R*Inclination86.4L @AA#RRAAN26o"UABM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #249&A6B# 8BnB' "(Technical dataM6BB0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; nBB1[B=CgGIridium 17GB=C5 :&\I" Iridium 17?B|C# 8Also called Iridium SV0171 =CC'  Generalg |CDG#^@") Designation24870 / 97034B[CoDA#R4Launch date9 Jul 1997t'DDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"oDREM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZDEA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVREFA#R*Inclination86.4L ENFA#RRAAN58n!FFM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #244&NFF# 8FG' "(Technical dataMFgG0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; GG1[1GGLIridium 18GgGG5 :&\I" Iridium 18?G(H# 8Also called Iridium SV0181 GYH'  Generalg (HHG#^@") Designation24871 / 97034C[YHIA#R4Launch date9 Jul 1997t'HIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"IIM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZIXJA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVIJA#R*Inclination86.4L XJJA#RRAAN58n!JhKM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #244&JK# 8hKK' "(Technical dataMKL0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; KNL1`1NLL̀Iridium 19GLL5 :&\I" Iridium 19?NLL# 8Also called Iridium SV0191 LM'  Generalg LlMG#^@") Designation24965 / 97056A\MMA#R6Launch date27 Sep 1997t'lM|RA#R|Causefailed during the maneuver to its operational orbit.K A#RDecay&R# 8' "(Technical dataMH 0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload;  1^ Iridium 28GH 5 :&\I" Iridium 28? # 8Also called Iridium SV0281 : '  Generalg G#^@") Designation24948 / 97051E\: A#R6Launch date14 Sep 1997t' q M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZq : A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV A#R*Inclination86.4M : A#RRAAN323o" L M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #252& r # 8L ' "(Technical dataMr 0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 21^2yBIridium 29G y5 :&\I" Iridium 29?2# 8Also called Iridium SV0291 y'  Generalg PG#^@") Designation24944 / 97051A\A#R6Launch date14 Sep 1997t'P,@M#jN"N ,㹌לCount,@ ry of originUnited Stateso"@M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ,@@A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV@KAA#R*Inclination86.4M @AA#RRAAN323o"KABM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #252&A-B# 8BeB' "(Technical dataM-BB0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; eBB1^B4CaGIridium 30GB4C5 :&\I" Iridium 30?BsC# 8Also called Iridium SV0301 4CC'  Generalg sC DG#^@") Designation24949 / 97051F\CgDA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1997t' DDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"gDJEM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZDEA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVJEEA#R*Inclination86.4M EGFA#RRAAN323o"EFM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #252&GFF# 8FG' "(Technical dataMFaG0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; GG1^CGGLIridium 31GaGG5 :&\I" Iridium 31?G"H# 8Also called Iridium SV0311 GSH'  Generalg "HHG#^@") Designation24950 / 97051G\SHIA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1997t'HIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"IIM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZISJA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVIJA#R*Inclination86.4M SJJA#RRAAN323o"JeKM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #252&JK# 8eKK' "(Technical dataMKL0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; KKL1c1KLLˀIridium 32GLL5 :&\I" Iridium 32?KLL# 8Also called Iridium SV0321 LM'  Generalg LiMG#^@") Designation24945 / 97051B\MMA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1997t'iM9NM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"MNM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ9NOA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVNXOA#R*Inclination86.4M OOA#RRAAN323o"XO M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicO LleProton #252&OF# 8 ~' "(Technical dataMFˀ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ~1^C@MzIridium 33GˀM5 :&\I" Iridium 33?# 8Also called Iridium SV0331 M'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation24946 / 97051C\A#R6Launch date14 Sep 1997t'$M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"cM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVcA#R*Inclination86.4M `A#RRAAN323o"τM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #252&`# 8τ-' "(Technical dataMz0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; -1]5(Iridium 34Gz5 :&\I" Iridium 34?;# 8Also called Iridium SV0341 l'  Generalg ;ӆG#^@") Designation24969 / 97056E\l/A#R6Launch date27 Sep 1997t'ӆM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"/M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZlA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVˆA#R*Inclination86.4M lA#RRAAN355n!ˆ}M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #248&# 8}ۉ' "(Technical dataM(0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ۉc1] {c֎Iridium 35G(5 :&\I" Iridium 35?c銀# 8Also called Iridium SV0351 '  Generalg 銀G#^@") Designation24968 / 97056D\݋A#R6Launch date27 Sep 1997t'QM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"݋M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZQA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVpA#R*Inclination86.4M A#RRAAN355n!p+M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #248&Q# 8+' "(Technical dataMQ֎0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1]XÀIridium 36G֎X5 :&\I" Iridium 36?# 8Also called Iridium SV0361 Xȏ'  Generalg ;G#^@")ȏ;֎ Designation24967 / 97056C\ȏA#R6Launch date27 Sep 1997t'; M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"zM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVz*€A#R*Inclination86.4M w€A#RRAAN355n!*€€M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #248&w€ À# 8€CÀ' "(Technical dataM ÀÀ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; CÀÀ1]@ ÀĀ>ȀIridium 37GÀĀ5 :&\I" Iridium 37?ÀQĀ# 8Also called Iridium SV0371 ĀĀ'  Generalg QĀĀG#^@") Designation24966 / 97056B\ĀEŀA#R6Launch date27 Sep 1997t'ĀŀM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"Eŀ(ƀM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZŀƀA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV(ƀƀA#R*Inclination86.4M ƀ%ǀA#RRAAN355n!ƀǀM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #248&%ǀǀ# 8ǀǀ' "(Technical dataMǀ>Ȁ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ǀyȀ1[yȀȀ̀Iridium 38G>ȀȀ5 :&\I" Iridium 38?yȀȀ# 8Also called Iridium SV0381 Ȁ0ɀ'  Generalg ȀɀG#^@") Designation25043 / 97069E[0ɀɀA#R4Launch date9 Nov 1997t'ɀfʀM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ɀʀM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZfʀ/ˀA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVʀˀA#R*Inclination86.4L /ˀˀA#RRAAN58n!ˀ?̀M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #250&ˀè# 8?̀̀' "(Technical dataMè̀0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ̀%̀1\]9%̀l̀Iridium 39G̀l̀5 :&\I" Iridium 39?%̀̀# 8Also called Iridium SV0391 l̀̀'  Generalg ̀C΀G#^@") Designation25042 / 97069D[̀΀A#R4Launch date9 Nov 1997t'C΀πM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"΀πM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZππA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVπ=A#R*π=̀Inclination86.4L πA#RRAAN58n!=M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #250&# 8U' "(Technical dataM0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; U1[$NIridium 40G$5 :&\I" Iridium 40?c# 8Also called Iridium SV0401 $'  Generalg cG#^@") Designation25041 / 97069C[VA#R4Launch date9 Nov 1997t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"V9M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV9A#R*Inclination86.4L 5A#RRAAN58n!M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #250&5# 8' "(Technical dataMN0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1[5] Iridium 41GN5 :&\I" Iridium 41?# 8Also called Iridium SV0411 @'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25040 / 97069B[@A#R4Launch date9 Nov 1997t'vM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZv? A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV A#R*Inclination86.4L ? A#RRAAN58n! O M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #250& u # 8O ' "(Technical dataMu 0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 5 1^9G5 | Iridium 42G | 5 :&\I" Iridium 42?5 # 8Also called Iridium SV0421 | '  Generalg S G#^@") Designation25077 / 97077A[ A#R4Launch date8 Dec 1997t'S " M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ" A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV AA#R*Inclination86.4L A#RRAAN58q$AM#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&$# 8\' "(Technical dataM$0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; \ @1[{ @S@}DIridium 43 @GS@5 :&\I" Iridium 43? @@# 8Also called Iridium SV0431 S@@'  Generalg @*AG#^@") Designation25039 / 97069A[@AA#R4Launch date9 Nov 1997t'*AAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"AhBM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZABA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVhBCA#R*Inclination86.4L BdCA#RRAAN58n!CCM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #250&dCC# 8C0D' "(Technical dataMC}D0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 0DD1قDDJIridium 44G}DD5 :&\I" Iridium 44?D>E# 8Also called Iridium SV0441 DoE'  Generalg >EEG#^@") Designation25078 / 97077B[oE1FA#R4Launch date8 Dec 1997t'EFM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"1FGM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZFnGA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVGGA#R*Inclination86.4L nGHA#RRAAN58q$GHM#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2C&HH# 5HH'  End of lifeTH0IA#R&"Out of service[HIA#R4Causehardware failureK 0IIA#RDecay&II# 8I4J' "(Technical dataMIJ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 4JJ1]G"JK/OIridium 45GJK5 :&\I" Iridium 45?JBK# 8Also called Iridium SV0451 KsK'  Generalg BKKG#^@") Designation25104 / 97082A\sK6LA#R6Launch date20 Dec 1997t'KLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"6LMM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZLsMA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVMMA#R*Inclination86.4M sMNA#RRAAN292n!MNM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #251&NN# 8NN' "(Technical dataMN/O0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; NjO1yقjOOIridium 46G/OO5 :&\I" Iridium 46?jO # 8Also called Iridium SV046O /O1 O='  Generalg G#^@") Designation25105 / 97082B\=A#R6Launch date20 Dec 1997t'tM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ぁM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZt=A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVぁA#R*Inclination86.4M =A#RRAAN292n!NM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #251&t# 8N' "(Technical dataMt0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 41]"c4{Iridium 47G{5 :&\I" Iridium 47?4# 8Also called Iridium SV0471 {넁'  Generalg RG#^@") Designation25106 / 97082C\넁A#R6Launch date20 Dec 1997t'R"M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ"놁A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVAA#R*Inclination86.4M 놁A#RRAAN292n!AM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #251&"# 8Z' "(Technical dataM"0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; Z∁1]∁)UIridium 48G)5 :&\I" Iridium 48?∁h# 8Also called Iridium SV0481 )'  Generalg hG#^@") Designation25107 / 97082D\\A#R6Launch date20 Dec 1997t'ЊM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"\?M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZЊA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV?A#R*Inclination86.4M <A#RRAAN292n!M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #251&<Ќ# 8' "(Technical dataMЌU0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1`c׍"Iridium 49GU׍5 :&\I" Iridium 49?# 8Also called Iridium SV0491 ׍G'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25108 / 97082E\G A#R6Launch date20 Dec 1997t'~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications~ UZ~fA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV A#R*Inclination86.4M f A#RRAAN292n!wM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #251& # 8w' "(Technical dataM"0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ]1\]ƁIridium 50G"5 :&\I" Iridium 50?]# 8Also called Iridium SV0501 Á'  Generalg {ÁG#^@") Designation25169 / 98010A\ÁÁA#R6Launch date18 Feb 1998t'{ÁKāM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ÁāM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZKāŁA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVājŁA#R*Inclination86.4L ŁŁA#RRAAN26n!jŁ$ƁM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #254&ŁJƁ# 8$ƁƁ' "(Technical dataMJƁƁ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; Ɓ ǁ1ce ǁQǁˁIridium 51GƁQǁ5 :&\I" Iridium 51? ǁǁ# 8Also called Iridium SV0511 Qǁǁ'  Generalg ǁ(ȁG#^@") Designation25262 / 98018A\ǁȁA#R6Launch date25 Mar 1998t'(ȁȁM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ȁgɁM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZȁɁA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVgɁʁA#R*Inclination86.4M ɁdʁA#RRAAN355t'ʁʁM#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2 #48&dʁʁ# 8ʁ6ˁ' "(Technical dataMʁˁ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 6ˁˁ1\ˁ́YIridium 52Gˁ́5 :&\I" Iridium 52?ˁD́# 8Also called Iridium SV0521 ́ú'  Generalg D́́G#^@") Designation25171 / 98010C\ú8́A#R6Launch date18 Feb 1998t'́́M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"8́΁M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsŹu΁A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV΁΁A#R*Inclination86.4L u΁ρA#RRAAN26n!΁ρM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #254&ρρ# 8ρ ' "(Technical dataρ ˁMρY0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1\#eIridium 53GY5 :&\I" Iridium 53?# 8Also called Iridium SV0531 K'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25172 / 98010D\KA#R6Launch date18 Feb 1998t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZKA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVA#R*Inclination86.4L KA#RRAAN26n![M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #254&# 8[' "(Technical dataM0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; A1\ԁA Iridium 54G5 :&\I" Iridium 54?A# 8Also called Iridium SV0541 '  Generalg _G#^@") Designation25173 / 98010E\A#R6Launch date18 Feb 1998t'_/M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ/A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVNA#R*Inclination86.4L A#RRAAN26n!N M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #254&. # 8 f ' "(Technical dataM. 0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; f 1]Ԁ 5 aIridium 55G 5 5 :&\I" Iridium 55? t # 8Also called Iridium SV0551 5 '  Generalg t G#^@") Designation25272 / 98019A\ h A#R6Launch date30 Mar 1998t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"h K M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVK A#R*Inclination86.4M H A#RRAAN323n! M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #256&H # 8 ' "(Technical dataM a0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1v#CIridium 56Ga5 :&\I" Iridium 56?"# 8Also called Iridium SV0561 S'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation25170 / 98010B\S"@A#R6Laun"@ach date18 Feb 1998t'@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso""@AM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ@_AA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVAAA#R*Inclination86.4L _ABA#RRAAN26n!AoBM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #254&BB# 8oBB' "(Technical dataMBC0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; BUC1]UCCGIridium 57GCC5 :&\I" Iridium 57?UCC# 8Also called Iridium SV0571 C D'  Generalg CsDG#^@") Designation25273 / 98019B\ DDA#R6Launch date30 Mar 1998t'sDCEM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"DEM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZCE FA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVEbFA#R*Inclination86.4M FFA#RRAAN323n!bFGM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #255&FCG# 8G{G' "(Technical dataMCGG0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; {GH1]ԀfHJHvLIridium 58GGJH5 :&\I" Iridium 58?HH# 8Also called Iridium SV0581 JHH'  Generalg H!IG#^@") Designation25274 / 98019C\H}IA#R6Launch date30 Mar 1998t'!IIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"}I`JM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZIJA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV`JKA#R*Inclination86.4M J]KA#RRAAN323n!KKM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #255&]KK# 8K)L' "(Technical dataMKvL0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; )LL1vRLL0Iridium 59GvLL5 :&\I" Iridium 59?L7M# 8Also called Iridium SV0591 LhM'  Generalg 7MMG#^@") Designation25275 / 98019D\hM+NA#R6Launch date30 Mar 1998t'MNM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"+NOM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZNhOA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVOOA#R*Inclination86.4M hOA#ROvLRAAN323n!OM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #255&# 8。' "(Technical dataM00 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 。k1]fkޅIridium 60G05 :&\I" Iridium 60?k# 8Also called Iridium SV0601 "'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25276 / 98019E\"傂A#R6Launch date30 Mar 1998t'YM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"傂ȃM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZY"A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVȃxA#R*Inclination86.4M "ńA#RRAAN323n!x3M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #255&ńY# 83' "(Technical dataMYޅ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1cԁ`Iridium 61Gޅ`5 :&\I" Iridium 61?# 8Also called Iridium SV0611 `І'  Generalg 7G#^@") Designation25263 / 98018B\ІA#R6Launch date25 Mar 1998t'7M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"vM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZЈA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVv&A#R*Inclination86.4M ЈsA#RRAAN355t'&牂M#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2 #48&s # 8牂E' "(Technical dataM 0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; E͊1]R3͊@Iridium 62G5 :&\I" Iridium 62?͊S# 8Also called Iridium SV0621 '  Generalg S닂G#^@") Designation25285 / 98021A[FA#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'닂M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"F)M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV)ٍA#R*Inclination86.4M &A#RRAAN260o"ٍM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256&&# 8' "(Technical dataM@0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; {1d{ÂIridium 63G@5 :&\I" Iridium 63?{ # 8Also called Iridium SV063 @1 >'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25286 / 98021B[>A#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'tM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZt=‚A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV‚A#R*Inclination86.4M =‚‚A#RRAAN260o"‚OÂM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256&‚uÂ# 8OÂÂ' "(Technical dataMuÂÂ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; Â5Ă1]3c5Ă|ĂȂIridium 64GÂ|Ă5 :&\I" Iridium 64?5ĂĂ# 8Also called Iridium SV0641 |ĂĂ'  Generalg ĂSłG#^@") Designation25287 / 98021C[ĂłA#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'Sł"ƂM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"łƂM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ"ƂƂA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVƂAǂA#R*Inclination86.4M ƂǂA#RRAAN260o"AǂǂM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256&ǂ#Ȃ# 8ǂ[Ȃ' "(Technical dataM#ȂȂ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; [ȂȂ1]Ȃ*ɂV͂Iridium 65GȂ*ɂ5 :&\I" Iridium 65?Ȃiɂ# 8Also called Iridium SV0651 *ɂɂ'  Generalg iɂʂG#^@") Designation25288 / 98021D[ɂ\ʂA#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'ʂʂM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"\ʂ?˂M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZʂ˂A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV?˂˂A#R*Inclination86.4M ˂<̂A#RRAAN260o"˂̂M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256&<̂̂# 8̂ ͂' "(Technical dataM̂V͂0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ͂͂1tc͂͂#Iridium 66GV͂͂5 :&\I" Iridium 66?͂΂# 8Also called Iridium SV0621 ͂H΂'  Generalg ΂΂G#^@") Designation25289 / 98021E[H΂ ςA#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'΂~ςM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" ς M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications~ς V͂Z~ςfA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV A#R*Inclination86.4M f A#RRAAN260o"xM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256& # 8x' "(Technical dataM#0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; ^1]^Iridium 67G#5 :&\I" Iridium 67?^# 8Also called Iridium SV0671 '  Generalg |G#^@") Designation25290 / 98021F[A#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'|KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZKA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVjA#R*Inclination86.4M A#RRAAN260o"j&M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256&L# 8&' "(Technical dataML0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload;  1] S Iridium 68GS5 :&\I" Iridium 68? # 8Also called Iridium SV0681 S'  Generalg *G#^@") Designation25291 / 98021G[A#R4Launch date7 Apr 1998t'*M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"h M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVh  A#R*Inclination86.4M e A#RRAAN260o" M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #256&e # 8 2 ' "(Technical dataM  0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 2 1bc  Y@Iridium 69G  5 :&\I" Iridium 69? @ # 8Also called Iridium SV0691  q '  Generalg @ G#^@") Designation25319 / 98026A[q 3 A#R4Launch date2 May 1998t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"3 M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ pA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVA#R*Inclination86.4M pA#RRAAN355t'M#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2 #49&# 8 @' "(Technical data @ MY@0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; @@1Zc@@EIridium 70GY@@5 :&\I" Iridium 70?@A# 8Also called Iridium SV0701 @KA'  Generalg AAG#^@") Designation25342 / 98032A\KABA#R6Launch date17 May 1998t'ABM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"BBM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZBKCA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVBCA#R*Inclination86.4J KCCA#RRAANn!CYDM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #257&CD# 8YDD' "(Technical dataMDE0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; D?E1?EEJIridium 71GEE5 :&\I" Iridium 71??EE# 8Also called Iridium SV0711 EE'  Generalg E]FG#^@") Designation25320 / 98026B[EFA#R4Launch date2 May 1998t']F,GM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"FGM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ,GGA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmVGKHA#R*Inclination86.4M GHA#RRAAN355t'KH IM#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2 #495HAI'  End of lifeT IIA#R&"Out of service[AIIA#R4Causehardware failureK I;JA#RDecay&IaJ# 8;JJ' "(Technical dataMaJJ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; J!K1Y;!KhKOIridium 72GJhK5 :&\I" Iridium 72?!KK# 8Also called Iridium SV0721 hKK'  Generalg K?LG#^@") Designation25343 / 98032B[KLA#R4Launch date17 May1998t'?LMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"L}MM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZMMA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV}M-NA#R*Inclination86.4J MwNA#RRAANn!-NNM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #257&wN O# 8NCO' "(Technical dataM OO0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; COO1Z3OGIridium 73GO5 :&\I"OO Iridium 73?O]# 8Also called Iridium SV0731 '  Generalg ]G#^@") Designation25344 / 98032C\QA#R6Launch date17 May 1998t'ŁM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"Q4M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZŁA#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV4䂃A#R*Inclination86.4J .A#RRAANn!䂃M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #257&.ƒ# 8' "(Technical dataMƒG0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; 1Z;yɄIridium 74GGɄ5 :&\I" Iridium 74?# 8Also called Iridium SV0741 Ʉ9'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25345 / 98032D\9A#R6Launch date17 May 1998t'pM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"߆M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZp9A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV߆A#R*Inclination86.4J 9هA#RRAANn!GM#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #257&هm# 8G' "(Technical dataMm0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; -1Z3-tIridium 75Gt5 :&\I" Iridium 75?-# 8Also called Iridium SV0751 t䉃'  Generalg KG#^@") Designation25346 / 98032E\䉃A#R6Launch date17 May 1998t'KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsZ䋃A#R2"Perigee/Apogee780 kmV:A#R*Inclination86.4J 䋃A#RRAANn!:M#jB" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta #257&# 8P' "(Technical dataM0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload; P؍1f؍[ƒIridium 76G5 :&\I" Iridium 76?؍^# 8Also called Iridium SV0761 '  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation25432 / 98048Bh'^A#RNLaunch date19 Aug 1998 at 23:01 UTt'ҏM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"^MM#jD"ҏMH̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsTҏA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQMA#R InclinationJ <A#RRAANt'M#jN" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2 #52&<# 8ƒ' "(Technical dataM[ƒ0 0:_ <ƉSpecificationsPayload= ƒƒ1c ƒƒăProgram: IRSM[ƒƒ8 @,c%" Program: IRS!ƒă1 0 F}(Indian Remote SensingIndian program to develop an indigenous capability to image Earth, particulary India. Mission: ground water exploration, land use, forest and flood mapping, inventory of surface water.Antrix markets the images<ƒBă' *O External resourcesmFăă' http://www.spaceimage.com/home/products/carterra/irs/irs_prod.html1Băă1ăŃuăŃy €㿓SYTYTYTYTYTZT_T_T_T_T_TProgram: IRSIRS 1AIRS 1BIRS 1CIRS 1DIRS 1EIRS 2AIRS P2IRS P3IRS P4IRS P5IRS P61ăŃ1EŃɃ:Ń9ƃ# .IRS's specificationsZŃƃA#R20&Prime contractorISRO[9ƃƃA#R40"Mass at launch1150 kga ƃOǃA#R@0Dimension1.6 x 1.56 x 1.1 mWƃǃA#R,0Solar array8.5 mYOǃǃA#R00 Stabilization3 axisSǃRȃA#R$0DC Power620 W\ǃȃA#R60$Design lifetime3 yearseARȃɃ$ Telemetry in S-band, Command in VHF and S-band; X-band beacon1ȃDɃ1wDɃ΃3ɃwɃ#  IRS's payloadoBDɃɃ- *  LISS 1 (Linear Imaging Self Scanner) with CCD detector arraysYwɃ?˃E#X)0Wavebands0.45-0.52 m (visible): sedimetation and coastal studies0.52-0.59 m (visible): vegetation. rock and soil discremination0.62-0.68 m (visible): chlorophyll absorption in vegetation. rock/soil0.77-0.86 m (IR): moisture in vegetation. land/water discreminationVɃ˃A#R*0Resolution72.5 mW?˃˃A#R,0Swath width148 km?˃+̃# 8Data downlinked in S-bandpI˃̃'  LISS 2 A & B (2 identical push-broom scanners with CCD detector arrays]+̃̃A#R80Wavebandssame as LISS 1W̃O̓A#R,0Resolution36.25 mQ̃̓A#R0Swath width74 km either side of ground track with 3 km overlap: total 145 kmO̓΃& Data downlinked in X-bandIRS 1C and D to feature near and shortwave IR sensors with 20 m resolution (color); 10 m (monochrome)7̓΃19΃σIRS 1AG΃σ8 @ c%" IRS 1A1 ΃9σ'  Generalg σσG#^@") Designation18960 / 88021A\9σ A#R6Launch date17 Mar 1988σ ΃lσxM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^xAA#R:"Perigee/Apogee893/913 kmVA#R*Inclination98.8UAA#R(Period103.1 mino"[M#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1ZA#R2"Mass at launch960 kgqM[&$ First commercial satellite launched by the CIS's organization Glavcosmos.8^' "(Technical dataM&0 0:ΈOB䉂SpecificationsPayload7^1\d)IRS 1BG)8 @ c%" IRS 1B1 Z'  Generalg )G#^@") Designation21688 / 91061A\ZA#R6Launch date29 Aug 1991lM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiakM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^RA#R:"Perigee/Apogee890/917 kmVA#R*Inclination99.1URA#R(Period103.1 mino"lM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1&# 8l' "(Technical dataM0 0:ΈOB䉂SpecificationsPayload7N1Y9_N IRS 1EG8 @ c%" IRS 1E1 N'  General\" A#R6Launch date20 Sep 1993l M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak" M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingk d M#j<" &#Launch vehiclePSLV #1& # 5d '  End of life_  A#R<"Out of service20 Sep 1993{: A#RtCauselauncher failure, the payload ended in the ocean$ " 7 1= d` ; FIRS P2G ; 8 @ c%" IRS P21 l '  Generalg ; G#^@") Designation23323 / 94068A\l / A#R6Launch date15 Oct 1994l M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak/ M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^ dA#R:"Perigee/Apogee818/820 kmVA#R*Inclination98.7UdA#R(Period102.3 minkzM#j<" &#Launch vehiclePSLV #2@% The spacecraft is in a Sun-synchronous orbit and carries a linear imaging self-scanner camera. z@ The images will be marketed through a private company in the U.S.A. An X-ray telescope is also onboard for astronomical observations.8z@' "(OTechnical data8@A' " SpecificationsZ@^AA#R2&Prime contractorISROSAAA#R$PlatformIRS PZ^A BA#R2"Mass at launch870 kgSA^BA#R$ Mass in orbitL BBA#RLengthK ^BBA#RWidthL BACA#RHeightYBCA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN ACCA#RDC powerUC=DA#R($Design lifetime&CcD# pI=DD'  LISS 2 A & B (2 identical push-broom scanners with CCD detector arraysYcD,FE#X)Wavebands0.45-0.52 m (visible): sedimetation and coastal studies0.52-0.59 m (visible): vegetation. rock and soil discremination0.62-0.68 m (visible): chlorophyll absorption in vegetation. rock/soil0.77-0.86 m (IR): moisture in vegetation. land/water discreminationYDFA#R0Resolution32 x 37 mV,FFA#R*Swath width67 km$FF" 7F6G1"_ 6G}GIRS 1CGF}G8 @ c%" IRS 1C1 6GG'  Generalg }GHG#^@") Designation23751 / 95072Ah'G}HA#RNLaunch date28 Dec 1995 at 06:45 UTlHHM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak}HTIM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingGHIA#R"Perigee/Apogee816/818 km (sun-synchronous, Descending node: 10:30)VTI2JA#R*Inclination98.6e$IJA#RHPeriod101 min (revisit: 5 days)k2JKM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYJ[KA#R0Launch siteTyuratamK.O/ ,IJ[This was the first Russian launch into a retrograde (99 degree) orbit using the Molniya-M four stage rocket; earlier Russian retrograde launches used the Vostok rocket which has now been retired. The The Block-I third stage appears to have been suborbital, the first time such a flight profile has been used.Launched by Glavkosmos, Russia's commercial space organisation. The launch contract between Russia and India cost 60 billion roubles ($12.9 million). The American Eosat company has a contract to commercially distribute the data generated by this satellite so as the 9 other remote sensing satellites to be launched by ISRO during the 10-year period ending 2005. This contract is worth a billion dollar. Eosat has been receiving data from IRS 1B since June 1994 and from IRS-P2 since march this year on an experimental basis. Its ground station at Norman in Oklahoma was the first to receive IRS data outside India.<[KjO' *O External resourcesD.OO' :http://www.stph.net/nrsa/8jO ' "(OTechnical dataO F8OD' " SpecificationsZ A#R2&Prime contractorISRON D쀄A#RPlatform[GA#R4"Mass at launch1250 kgS쀄A#R$ Mass in orbita GA#R@Dimension1.65 x 1.5 x 2.1 mWRA#R,Solar array9.6 mYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisSRA#R$DC power809 W\ZA#R6$Design lifetime3 years&# oBZ- *  LISS 3 (Linear Imaging Self Scanner) with CCD detector arraysiD#X0WavebandsGreen: 0.52-0.59 mRed: 0.62-0.68 mNear Infrared: 0.77-0.86 mSW Infrared: 1.55-1.70 mo. A#R\0Resolution23.6 m except for SW IR: 70.8 mp/{A#R^0Swath width142 km except for SW IR: 148 km& # .{υ'  WiFS7`Z#n0@WavebandsRed: 0.62-0.68 mNear IR: 0.77-0.86 mUυA#R(0Resolution189 mW` A#R,0Swath width810 km&2# 6 h'  PanchromaticZ2‡A#R20Wavebands0.5-0.75 mThA#R&0Resolution10 mV‡lA#R*0Swath width70 km&# 7lɈ1` ɈƄIRS P3G8 @ c%" IRS P31 ɈA'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23827 / 96017A\AA#R6Launch date21 Mar 1996lpM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiakۊM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingFpbA#R"Perigee/Apogee802/848 km (sunsynchronous, descending node: 10:30)VۊA#R*Inclination98.8L bA#RPeriodkoM#j<" &#Launch vehiclePSLV #3ZɌA#R2"Mass at launch930 kg&o# 8Ɍ'' "(OTechnical data8_' " SpecificationsZ'A#R2&Prime contractorISRON _A#RPlatformZaA#R2"Mass at launch922 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitOaA#RDimensionWZA#R,Solar array9.6 mYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisSZA#R$DC power817 WUgA#R($Design lifetime&# /g'  MOS Ah'$A#RN0"Spectral range755-768 nm (4 bands)[A#R40Resolution1569x1395 mW$A#R,0Swath width195 km&# /+„'  MOS Bj)„A#RR0"Spectral range408-1010 nm (13 bands)Y+„„A#R00Resolution523x523 mW„EÄA#R,0Swath width200 km&„kÄ# /EÄÄ'  MOS Ci(kÄĄA#RP0"Spectral range1500-1700 nm (1 band)YÄ\ĄA#R00Resolution523x644 mWĄĄA#R,0Swath width192 km&\ĄĄ# .Ąń'  WiFSKĄń[#0@WavebandsRed: 0.62-0.68 mNear IR: 0.77-0.86 mSW IR: 1.55-1.70 mUńƄA#R(0Resolution189 mWńYƄA#R,0Swath width810 km&ƄƄ# fCYƄƄ# X-ray astronomy payload: PPC range: 2-20 keV, XSM range: 2-8 keV7ƄDŽ1Y  DŽcDŽIRS 1DGƄcDŽ8 @ c%" IRS 1D1 DŽDŽ'  Generalg cDŽDŽG#^@") Designation24971 / 97057A\DŽWȄA#R6Launch date29 Sep 1997lDŽȄM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiakWȄ.ɄM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingFȄɄA#R"Perigee/Apogee736/825 km (sunsynchronous, descending node: 10:30)V.Ʉ ʄA#R*Inclination98.6h'ɄsʄA#RNPeriod101.35 min (revisit: 5 days)k ʄʄM#j<" &#Launch vehiclePSLV #4[sʄ9˄A#R4"Mass at launch1200 kgqDʄ̄- (YTIs a clone of IRS 1C with a few minor improvements. It will server as in-orbit replacement for IRS 1C. Should have a 5.8 m resolution and an 800 km swathWas launched in a bad orbit: 300 x 823 km The correction to the initial orbit would have consumed too much fuel so the satellite was placed in an elliptical orbit.89˄̄' "(OTechnical data8̄̈́' " SpecificationsZ̄ẗ́A#R2&Prime contractorISRON ̈́̈́A#RPlatform[ẗ́΄A#R4"Mass at launch1250 kgS̈́p΄A#R$ Mass in orbita ΄΄A#R@Dimension1.65 x 1.5 x 2.1 mWp΄(τA#R,Solar array9.6 mY΄τA#R0 Stabilization3 axisS(ττA#R$DC power809 W\τ<A#R6τ<Ƅ$Design lifetime3 years&τb# oB<- *  LISS 3 (Linear Imaging Self Scanner) with CCD detector arraysib~D#X0WavebandsGreen: 0.52-0.59 mRed: 0.62-0.68 mNear Infrared: 0.77-0.86 mSW Infrared: 1.55-1.70 mk*A#RT0Resolution23 m except for SW IR: 70 mp/~YA#R^0Swath width142 km except for SW IR: 148 km&# .Y'  WiFS7>Z#n0@WavebandsRed: 0.62-0.68 mNear IR: 0.77-0.86 mUA#R(0Resolution189 mW>A#R,0Swath width774 km&# 6F'  PanchromaticZA#R20Wavebands0.5-0.75 mTFA#R&0Resolution10 mVJA#R*0Swath width70 kmI* $>SHas a 4.5 kg GPS receiver7J1V l 6 IRS P4G8 @ c%" IRS P4;L# 0Also called Ocean Sat1 }'  GeneralYLG#^$") DesignationU}+A#R(Launch date1997lM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiak+M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingTVA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQA#R InclinationL VA#RPeriodcV G#^8" &Launch vehiclePSLV C2T A#R&"Mass at launchhV 6 $ with an Ocean sensor and LISS 3 instrument. A 100 kg piggybacked payload from Korea will be included1 g 1Wg T+6 ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&g # 7  1v   _ IRS P5G _ 8 @ c%" IRS P5E ( ;Also called Carto Sat or Cartosat 1planned in 1999-2000, to be launched by PSLVWould have a pan camera with 1 or 2.5 metre resolution and a 10 to 12 km swath capability and would be mainly useful for map making and terrain modelling. Other sources claim steerable swath of 30 km1_ 1W ) O T+ ) ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& O # 7) 1l   .IRS P6GO 8 @ c%" IRS P6a9 .( sAlso called Resource Sat or Resourcesatplanned in 2000-2001, environnemental satellite, to be launched by PSLVWould have a 3-band spectral camera with a 6 m resolution and could be used for select mapping with its advance wide field sensor. It would be very effective during floods with its 1,400 km swath.1 _1W_ @T+.) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&_ @#  @.7C@1 C@@@IRS 2AG @@8 @ c%" IRS 2AN%C@@) "J#to be launched in 1999 by a PSLV1@ A1W A]AAT+@]A) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& AA# 4]AA1D< AAFIRT4AA, (" IRT1 AB'  Generalg ABG#^@") Designation14689 / 84011C[BBA#R4Launch date5 Feb 1984t'BRCM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_BCG#^0"H̀MissionScientific^RCDA#R:"Perigee/Apogee279/288 kmVCeDA#R*Inclination28.5TDDA#R&Period90.2 minjeD#EM#j:" &"Launch vehicleSTS 11DE% IIRT was a inflatable balloon to be used as a rendezvous target to get practise for shuttle rendezvous manoeuvres. IRT blow appart shortly after beeing released.5#E!F'  End of lifec"EFA#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleV!FFA#R*Decay11 Feb 1984$FF" > F F1<  OProgram: IsisNj8 @.ɝG" Program: IsisY6O# lCanadian scientific program for ionospheric studies11߄_%O߄: DJ֋TTProgram: IsisIsis 1Isis 271} ]Isis 1G߄]8 @ ɝG" Isis 11 '  Generalg ]G#^@") Designation03669 / 69009A\QA#R6Launch date30 Jan 1969m M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanaday,Q7M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee574/3470 kmV7쇅A#R*Inclination88.4UAA#R(Period127.7 minr%쇅M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #65ZA A#R2"Mass at launch237 kg&3# 8 k' "(OTechnical data>3# 6Transmits on 136.410 MHz7k1m 'Isis 2G'8 @ ɝG" Isis 21 X'  Generalg 'G#^@") Designation05104 / 71024A[XA#R4Launch date1 Apr 1971m M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanaday,M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study``A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1353/1423 kmVA#R*Inclination88.5U` A#R(Period113.5 minr%}M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #84Z ׍A#R2"Mass at launch262 kg$}" 4׍/1 q /cISO4c, (" ISO@/# :Infrared Space Observatory1 cԎ'  Generalg ;G#^@") Designation23715 / 95062A\ԎA#R6Launch date17 Nov 1995m ;M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope?G#^~OperatorESTEC (European Space TEchnology Center) for ESAu( M#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: IR astronomya lA#R@"Perigee/Apogee1036/70578 kmU A#R(Inclination5.2Tl…A#R&Period1436 minn!…M#jB" &E+Launch vehicleAriane V804 …Ņ' The primary objectives of the Infrared Space Observatory are to provide spectroscopic, photometric, imaging, and polarimetric observations of selected celestial sources at infrared wavelengths from 2.3 um to 200 um with the highest possible sensitivity and spatial resolution. The instruments are cooled at -270C in a cryostat which contained 2400 liters of superfluid helium at liftoff.The satellite was initially planned for 1993 but the mission was delayed for two years while engineers worked on problems related to the temperature control system. The two-year delay added 20 percent to the project's final cost of $850 million for the satellite and launch. US astronomers will be granted 20 percent of the ISO's observation time in exchange for ground station support. R.… ƅ$ \The first light image was taken on Nov 28.5Ņ>ƅ'  End of life^ ƅƅA#R:"Out of service8 Apr 1998Y>ƅƅA#R0Causelack of heliumK ƅ@DžA#RDecayƅ ȅ% IThe helium consumption was smaller than planned; this enabled the satellite to operate during 28 months. The satellite was deorbited and shutoff on 16 May 1998.<@DžEȅ' *O External resourcesE ȅȅ' <http://isowww.estec.esa.nl8Eȅȅ' "(OTechnical data8ȅȅ' " Specificationsb!ȅ\ɅA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatialeN ȅɅA#RPlatform[\ɅʅA#R4"Mass at launch2498 kgYɅ^ʅA#R0Payload mass1515 kgZʅʅA#R2 Mass in orbit2418 kgc"^ʅ˅A#RDDimension3.56 x 2.77 x 5.31 mQʅl˅A#R Solar arrayY˅˅A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN l˅̅A#RDC power^˅q̅A#R:$Design lifetime1.5 yearstO̅̅% Telemetry: 2266.5 MHz (4, 8, 16 & 32 kbps)Command: 2087.069 MHz (2000 bps)>q̅#ͅ' . Cassegrain telescopeS̅vͅA#R$Diameter0.6 mW#ͅͅA#R,Focal length9.0 mRvͅ΅A#R"CameraISOCAMd#ͅ΅A#RF,Temperature control3K (-270C)8΅΅' "O Other payloadsi΅Iυ% Imaging photopolarimeter: ISOPHOTLong Wavelength Spectrometer: LWSShort Wavelength Spectrometer: SWS9΅υ' $ Frequency bandsSIυυA#R$ISOCAM3-17 mUυ6A#R(υ6ISOPHOT3-200 mRυA#R" LWS45-180 mP6A#R SWS3-45 mG#$ FPointing stability: 2.7 arcsecs1P1WPT+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&P# A 1   \Program: ItalsatQ\8 @4cX8" Program: Italsatf< * $x ƉItalian experimental satellites operated by Telespazio1\1[h.[: D\voGoGProgram: ItalsatItalsat 1Italsat 211Y)[0 0T"Italsat's Ka-band National coverage11pZ*p0 0V"Italsat's Ka-band Multibeam coverage: 1Y %GItalsat 1Jp8 @&cX8" Italsat 11 %'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21055 / 91003A\%A#R6Launch date15 Jan 1991lTM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg T*G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit13.2En!M#jB" &]D+Launch vehicleAriane V41&*# 8' "(OTechnical data7-'   EIRP coverageY)0 0R=$y-Ka-band NationalKa-band Multibeam8-' " Specificationsd#" A#RF&Prime contractorSelenia SpazioUw A#R(PlatformItalsat[" A#R4"Mass at launch1850 kgZw , A#R2 Mass in orbit1122 kgC A#RPayload mass273.4 kg: transponders: 198 kg, antennas: 75.4 kg)`,  A#R>Dimension3.5 x 2.7 x 2.3 m\ l A#R6Solar array21.8 m spanY A#R0 Stabilization3 axist3l 9 A#RfDC powerEOL: equinox: 1760 W, solstice: 1633 WX A#R. Payload power937 W\9 A#R6$Design lifetime6 years ' Equipped with 1 (+1 backup) 1 W propagation beacon, EIRP 27 dBW at 20 GHz for telemetryAlso aboard: a 40 GHz beacon phase modulated by a 505 MHz coherent subcarrier, and a polarization-switched (but otherwise unmodulated) 50 GHz beaconM& R' L Ka-band - National beam (20/30 GHz)XA#R.(Main transponders3YRA#R0,Backup transpondersVYA#R*Power20 W (TWTA)UA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzm&Y'@G#^L=$Coverage'@pItaly (1.55 x 1.06 deg)V}@A#R*EIRP max46.2 dBWQ'@@A#R  G/T5.5 dB/Ku4}@CAA#RhPolarizationlinear V (both upload and download)T0@A$ `Those transponders are intended for TV feeds>CAA' . Ka-band - Multi beame$A:BA#RH(Main transponders6 in 20/60 GHzw5ABB#Tj,Backup transponders2 in 20/30 GHz4 in 20/60 GHzV:BCA#R*Power20 W (TWTA)VB]CA#R*Bandwidth120 MHzn'CCG#^N=$CoverageItaly (6 spots of 0.49)T]CDA#R&EIRP max57 dBWRCqDA#R" G/T16.1 dB/Ku4DDA#RhPolarizationlinear V (both upload and download)?qD%G% 5The spot beams carry domestic telephone traffic with a total capacity of about 12,000 voice channels. Each beam operates in the SS-TDMA mode with QPSK modulation at 147 Mbits/sec in a 100 MHz RF bandwidth. On-board regeneration (demodulation and remodulation) is provided, and the beams are fully interconnected by a space-division switching matrix. Satellite resources can be allocated on a call-by-call basis or left as assigned until changed by ground control. Reconfiguration is by ground command; the satellite is not autonomous.: D_G1xJ _GG؆Italsat 2J%GG8 @&cX8" Italsat 21 _GG'  Generalg GAHG#^@") Designation24208 / 96044A[GHA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1996lAHIM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyo"HwIM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg IIG#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit16.4En!wILJM#jB" &=E+Launch vehicleAriane V90{UIJ& Insured cost (satellite + launch): $200 millionEMS service began on 31 Oct 19968LJJ' "(OTechnical data7J6K'   EIRP coveragew@JK7 >=$y-yKa-band NationalKa-band MultibeamEMS (L- and Ku-band)86KK' " Specificationsd#KILA#RF&Prime contractorSelenia SpazioUKLA#R(PlatformItalsat[ILLA#R4"Mass at launch1983 kgZLSMA#R2 Mass in orbit1185 kgXLMA#R.Payload mass275 kg`SM NA#R>Dimension3.5 x 2.7 x 2.3 mZMeNA#R2Solar array24 m spanY NNA#R0 Stabilization3 axisc"eN!OA#RDDC powerEOL: solstice: 1990 WYNzOA#R0 Payload power1266 W\!OOA#R6$Design lifetime8 years~<zO`B#TxO`%GBeaconsTelemetry: 18.685 & 2.202 GHzCommand: 2.028 GHz&O# =`À' , Ka-band (20/30 GHz)u48A#Rh(Main transponders3 national beam + 6 multi-beamYÀA#R0,Backup transpondersV8灆A#R*Power20 W (TWTA)y7`B#TnBandwidthnational beam: 36 MHzmulti-beam: 110 MHzA灆N#l*=$y-Coveragenational beam: Italymulti-beam: Italy (6 spots)w5`fB#TjEIRP maxnational beam: 48 dBWmulti-beam: 54 dBWRA#R"Polarization&fރ# N',' N European Mobile System (EMS) payloadXރƄB#T(Main transpondersL-band (1.5/1.6 GHz): 3 (forward)Ku-band (12/14 GHz): 12 (return)O,A#RPower20 Wn,ƄB#TXBandwidthL-band: 4 MHzKu-band: 0.9 MHz\߅G#^*yCoverageEuropeo-NB#TZEIRP maxL-band: 42.5 dBWKu-band: 32 dBWf߅؆$ Payload developed by ESA. part of the capacity is leased to to Nuova Telespazio of the STET Group.1N 1 WN؆W0 0>"Italsat 2's EMS coverage8 1 q A  χKņItamsat@Wχ2 4"  ItamsatK") "D䵟Also called IO-26 or Oscar 261 χK'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22826 / 93061D\KA#R6Launch date26 Sep 1993lzM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyo"鉆M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^zGA#R:"Perigee/Apogee789/803 kmV鉆A#R*Inclination98.7UGA#R(Period100.8 minn!`M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V59&# <`‹' *O External resourcese>'' |http://joshua.micronet.it/english/itamsat/itamsathome.html8‹_' "(OTechnical data8'' " Specificationsx7_A#Rn&Prime contractorAssociazione Radioamatori Italiani_nA#R<PlatformAmsat-NA Microsat[ɍA#R4"Mass at launch12.5 kgSnA#R$ Mass in orbitRɍnA#R"Length230 mmQA#R Width230 mmRnA#R"Height235 mm[lA#R4 StabilizationmagneticN A#RDC power_l%A#R<$Desi%Wgn lifetime7-10 years&K# ?%' 0 Frequency chart (MHz)1K(m#b $ PR Downlink freq.Transponder/BeaconMode{j#"435.820?$(1†j#H435.8701200 bps PSK Digital&W†# /1††m#^   LN Uplink freq.Transponder/BeaconMode#W†Æj#F145.8751200 bps FM Digital#† Ćj#F145.9001200 bps FM Digital#ÆĆj#F145.9251200 bps FM Digital# Ć'ņj#F145.9501200 bps FM Digital$ĆKņ" 5'ņņ1   ņņLʆItos? Kņņ2 4"  Itos Ac=ņ"Ɔ& z Improved Tiros Operational Satellite, also called Tiros M1 ņSƆ'  Generalg "ƆƆG#^@") Designation04320 / 70008A\SƆdžA#R6Launch date23 Jan 1970t'ƆdžM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshdždžM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`džRȆA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1431/1477 kmWdžȆA#R,Inclination101.4SRȆȆA#R$Period115 minr%ȆnɆM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #76ZȆɆA#R2"Mass at launch310 kgZnɆLʆ* $This satellite is an evolved Tiros: it enables real time observation, night and day.4Ɇʆ1 A  ʆʆIUE< Lʆʆ2 4"  IUEH%ʆˆ# J International Ultraviolet Explorer1 ʆ5ˆ'  Generalg ˆˆG#^@") Designation10637 / 78012A\5ˆˆA#R6Launch date26 Jan 1978t'ˆl̆M#jN"N ,<Country of originInternationalXˆ̆A#R.OperatorNASA + ESAu(l̆9͆M#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV astronomyb!̆͆A#RB"Perigee/Apogee30252/41315 kmV9͆͆A#R*Inclination34.5V͆GΆA#R*Period1435.9 mins&͆ΆM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #132ZGΆφA#R2"Mass at launch671 kgΆ' OA joint NASA/ESA/SERC (Search and Engineering Research Council) observatory satellite designed for ultraviolet spectrometry of cosmic UV sources. ESA's contribution was the construction of the spφLʆacecraft's solar panels and a ground station at Villafranca, Spain.On 1st October 1995 the primary control of the still operating spacecraft was transferred from NASA to ESA. This because of NASA's cost reduction efforts. <φ*' *O External resourcesc. ,http://iuewww.gsfc.nasa.gov/iuedac/iuedac_homepage.htmlhttp://www.vilspa.esa.es/iue/iue.html5*'  End of life_OA#R<"Out of service30 Sep 1996f%A#RJCauseplanned end of exploitation&O# 8' "(OTechnical data8K' " SpecificationsZA#R2"Mass at launch644 kgRKA#R"Length4.17 mQHA#R Width1.45 mVA#R*Solar array45 mYHA#R0 Stabilization3 axis\SA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsn' Payload: 0.45 m diameter UV telescope + 4 spectrographsTelemetry: 138.86 & 2249.0 MHzCommand: 149.0 MHz8S 1+   XRJason 18 X, (" Jason 11 '  GeneralYXG#^$") Designatione$GA#RHLaunch dateplanned in late 1999m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceu.G)G#^\"H̀MissionScientific: ocean remote sensingT}A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ)A#R InclinationL } A#RPeriodl% G#^J" &Launch vehicleprovided by NASAQ A#R Launch siteT W , (ueIs to replace Topex PoseidonFirst of CNES' Proteus small satellite missions.8 ' "(OTechnical data8W ' " Specificationsb! ) A#RB&Prime contractorAerospatialeX A#R.PlatformSpacebus-LZ) A#R2"Mass at launch500 kgS . A#R$ Mass in orbitO } A#RDimensionQ. A#R Solar arrayS} ! A#R$ StabilizationN o A#RDC powerU! A#R($Design lifetimejo R$ The Poseidon 2 (dual frequency radar altimetry) will be built by Alcatel Telecom for about $29 million1 1W T+R) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# ?<1<@Program: JcsatO8 @0✇}" Program: Jcsat$<@, &YgJapanese telecommunication program operated by JSAT (Kabushiki-gaisha @Nihon Sateraito Sisutemuzu).It is Japan's first commercial satellite system providing TV and cable distribution, telephony, business services and satellite news gathering.1@1@AP@AV |ㆺ2ㇺ2㈺2㉺2㊺2㋺2Program: JcsatJcsat 1Jcsat 2Jcsat 3Jcsat 4Jcsat 5Jcsat 61@A1UA/ESEBAB# >Jcsat 1 & 2's specifications\AaBA#R60&Prime contractorHughesTBBA#R&0PlatformHS-393[aBCA#R40"Mass at launch2280 kgZBjCA#R20 Mass in orbit1376 kgTCCA#R&0Diameter3.66 mYjCDA#R00Height10 m deployedb!CyDA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedYDDA#R00DC powerBOL: 2240 W]yD/EA#R80$Design lifetime10 years$DSE" 1/EE1UE/HSH;SEE# 0Jcsat 1 & 2's Ku-bandYEFA#R00(Main transponders32ZErFA#R20,Backup transponders8VFFA#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)UrFGA#R(0Bandwidth27 MHzl+FGA#RV0CoverageJapan and offshore territoriesTGGA#R&0EIRP max51 dBWRG/HA#R"0Polarization$GSH" Y(/HH1wHIZASC's C-band transponder frequency chartq7SHI: Dpback()"  Jcsat 1 & 2's transponder frequency chart (GHz)cHJ# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkIJt#8 414.01625112.26825J3Kt#8 $12.28325214.03125JKt#8 414.04625312.298253KSLt#8 $12.31325414.06125KLt#8 414.07625512.32825SLsMt#8 $12.34325614.09125LNt#8 414.10625712.35825sMNt#8 $12.37325814.12125N#Ot#8 414.13625912.38825NOt#:"&12.403251014.15125#OQt#:OQSH"614.166251112.41825O t#:"&12.433251214.18125Qst#:"614.196251312.44825 t#:"&12.463251414.21125st#:"614.226251512.47825&t#:"&12.493251614.24125t#:"614.256251712.50825&Ht#:"&12.523251814.27125لt#:"614.286251912.53825Hjt#:"&12.553252014.30125لt#:"614.316252112.56825jt#:"&12.583252214.33125t#:"614.346252312.59825t#:"&12.613252414.36125?t#:"614.376252512.62825Јt#:"&12.643252614.39125?at#:"614.406252712.65825Јt#:"&12.673252814.42125at#:"614.436252912.68825t#:"&12.703253014.45125t#:"614.466253112.718256t#:"&12.733253214.48125$Z" 161یPZی6 <6✇}" Jcsat 1 & 2's EIRP81[ćJcsat 1Hی[8 @"✇}" Jcsat 11 '  Generalg [G#^@") Designation19874 / 89020A[NA#R4Launch date6 Mar 1989lM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"N)M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!) M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V29 یxT$ Due to a leak in the fuel tank, the satellite will reach end of life in mid-19972 '  Location@m#:   " BeginEndPosition#j#F"68L: 6 Mar 1989Jul 1997150E@U‡j#<,.Sep 1997Oct 1997148E‡j#<,.Feb 1998Jul 1998111E&U‡Ç# 5‡8Ç'  End of life\ÇÇA#R6"Out of serviceJul 1998T8ÇÇA#R&Causedeorbited&Çć# 8ÇFć' "(Technical dataRćć? Nu)IΉɇY@։EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chart8FćŇ1~ŇWŇȇJcsat 2HćWŇ8 @"✇}" Jcsat 21 ŇŇ'  Generalg WŇŇG#^@") Designation20402 / 90001B[ŇJƇA#R4Launch date1 Jan 1990lŇƇM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"JƇ%LJM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfƇLJG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit154Ep#%LJLJM#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #153&LJ!ȇ# 8LJYȇ' "(Technical dataR!ȇȇ? Nu)IΉɇY@։EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chart8Yȇ"ɇ1!"ɇjɇJJcsat 3Hȇjɇ8 @"✇}" Jcsat 31 "ɇɇ'  Generalg jɇʇG#^@") Designation23649 / 95043A\ɇ^ʇA#R6Launch date29 Aug 1995lʇʇM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"^ʇ9ˇM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfʇˇG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit128Eu(9ˇ̇M#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #94ˇ̇' CGTO: 167 km x 81432 km x 23.5In 1995 leases were said to cost 550 million a year for 27 MHz transponders and 600 million a year for 36 MHz transponders.8͇̇' "(OTechnical data=̇Q͇' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E͇͇0 0*^C-bandKu-band8Q͇͇' " Specifications\͇*·A#R6&Prime contractorHughesT͇~·A#R&PlatformHS-601T*··A#R&"Mass at launchS~·%χA#R$ Mass in orbitL ·qχA#RLengthK %χχA#RWidthL qχA#RHeχȇightYχmA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTA#R&DC power4600 W]mA#R8$Design lifetime12 yearszV$ NEC Corp. of Japan is a major subcontractor to Hughes for the payload electronics.0 '  C-bandY!A#R0(Main transponders12YzA#R0,Backup transpondersV!A#R*Power34 W (SSPA)Uz%A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzfG#^>CoverageAsia & AustraliaT%A#R&EIRP max37 dBWX7A#R.Polarizationlinear&]# K$7' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz);]Fc#v . L HorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlink`R#tC13.960`FR#t3.980C2`fR#tC34.000`R#t4.020C4`f&R#tC54.040`R#t4.060C6`&R#tC74.080`FR#t4.100C8`R#tC94.120aF R#t4.140C10ah R#tC114.160a R#t4.180C12&h # 1 '  Ku-bandY y A#R0(Main transponders28Y A#R0,Backup transpondersVy ( A#R*Power60 W (TWTA)A B#TBandwidth16 transponders of 27 MHz12 transponders of 36 MHzP( = B#T,Coverage & EIRP maxJapan: 55 dBWEastern Asia, India & Australia: 43-35 dBWX A#R.PolarizationLinear&= # K$  ' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)N z#Ā . L v HorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkBandwidth (MHz)v Dc#&K112.25836v c#&12.288K236vD0c#&K312.30836vc#&12.328K436v0(@c#&(@ȇK512.34836v@c#&12.368K636v(@Ac#&K712.38836v@Ac#&12.408K836vABc#&K912.42836wAwBc#( 12.448K1036wBBc#( K1112.46836wwBeCc#( 12.488K1236wBCc#( K1312.50827weCSDc#( 12.523K1427wCDc#( K1512.53827wSDAEc#( 12.553K1627wDEc#( K1712.56827wAE/Fc#( 12.583K1827wEFc#( K1912.59827w/FGc#( 12.613K2027wFGc#( K2112.62827wG Hc#( 12.643K2227wGHc#( K2312.65827w HHc#( 12.673K2427wHpIc#( K2512.68827wHIc#( 12.703K2627wpI^Jc#( K2712.71827wIJc#( 12.733K2827$^JJ" 1J*K1*K}KSJ}K6 <<㈺2" Jcsat 3's C-band EIRP1*KK1KLT}KL6 <>㈺2" Jcsat 3's Ku-band EIRP8K:L1 :LL\Jcsat 4HLL8 @"✇}" Jcsat 4::LL# .Also called Jcsat 1A1 LL'  Generalg LTMG#^@") Designation24732 / 97007A\LMA#R6Launch date17 Feb 1997lTMNM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"MNM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!NNA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowm NZOM#j@" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2AS&NO# : ZOO- */ۀ LocationOPm#:  OPL " BeginEndPosition$Oހj#H$8:L: 17 Feb 1997Apr 1997141EPfj#<,.May 1997Feb 1998150Eހ恈j#,Mar 1998124EtJfZ* $ㆺ2Satellite ordered after a Jcsat 1 problem (slight leak) was detected8恈' "(OTechnical data8Zʂ' " Specifications\&A#R6&Prime contractorHughesZʂA#R2PlatformHS-601 (#58)T&ԃA#R&"Mass at launchS'A#R$ Mass in orbitL ԃsA#RLengthK 'A#RWidthL s A#RHeightYcA#R0 Stabilization3 axisT A#R&DC power5000 W]cA#R8$Design lifetime12 yearsT0h$ `Features 4 octagonal communications antennas0 '  C-bandYhA#R0(Main transponders12YJA#R0,Backup transpondersVA#R*Power34 W (SSPA)UJA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzf[G#^>CoverageAsia & AustraliaTA#R&EIRP max37 dBWX[A#R.Polarizationlinear&-# 1 ^'  Ku-bandY-A#R0(Main transponders28Y^A#R0,Backup transpondersBB#TPower60 W (TWTA)+ four 90 W (TWTA) for 4 36 MHz transpondersvLB#TBandwidth8 transponders of 36 MHz16 transponders of 27 MHz (4 transponders can be switched to 54 MHz with 120 W)PދB#T,Coverage & EIRP maxJapan: 55 dBWEastern Asia, India & Australia: 43-35 dBWXL6A#R.PolarizationLinear&ދ\# 861 f܌[LjJcsat 5H\܌8 @"✇}" Jcsat 51 '  Generalg ܌tG#^@") Designation25067 / 97075A[ ύA#R4Launch date2 Dec 1997lt;M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"ύM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^;A#R:,Geostationary orbit150Eo"wM#jD" &zg&\Launch vehicleAriane V103D $ @JCSAT 5 was tested at 139E.8w ' "(OTechnical data \8D' " Specifications\ A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTDA#R&PlatformHS-601[OA#R4"Mass at launch2982 kgZA#R2 Mass in orbit1819 kgUOA#R(Dry mass1308 kgL JˆA#RLengthK ˆA#RWidthL JˆˆA#RHeightYˆ:ÈA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTˆÈA#R&DC power5000 W]:ÈÈA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&ÈĈ# 1 ÈBĈ'  Ku-bandYĈĈA#R0(Main transponders32YBĈĈA#R0,Backup transponders_ĈňB#TPower20 transponders of 60 W (TWTA)12 transponders of 90 W (TWTA) for 36 MHz transpondersĈeƈD#VBandwidth16 transponders of 27 MHz12+4 transponders of 36 MHz(4 36 MHz transponders can be switched to two with 76 MHz with 90 watts)~=ňƈA#Rz,Coverage & EIRP maxJapan, Asia-Pacific region and HawaiiReƈ5LjA#R"Polarization&ƈ[Lj# 85LjLj1 LjLjJcsat 6H[LjLj8 @"✇}" Jcsat 6:LjȈ# .Also called Jcsat 4A1 LjFȈ'  GeneralYȈȈG#^$") Designationd#FȈɈA#RFLaunch dateplanned in May 1998lȈoɈM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"ɈɈM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^oɈ<ʈA#R:,Geostationary orbit124EaɈʈG#^4" &Launch vehicleAtlasg <ʈˈG#^@Launch siteCape Canaveral<ʈ@ˈ$ 0Identical to Jcsat 58ˈxˈ' "(OTechnical data8@ˈˈ' " Specifications\xˈ ̈A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTˈ`̈A#R&PlatformHS-601T ̈̈A#R&"Mass at launchS`͈̈A#R$ Mass in orbitL ̈S͈A#RLengthK ͈͈A#RWidthL S͈͈A#RHeightY͈CΈA#R0 Stabilization3 axisT͈ΈA#R&DC power5000 WUCΈΈA#R($Design lifetime&Έψ# 1 ΈCψ'  Ku-bandYψψA#R0(Main transponders32YCψ A#R0,Backup transpondersψ [LjVψbA#R*Power70 W (TWTA)U A#R(Bandwidth27 MHzYbA#R0,Coverage & EIRP maxRbA#R"Polarization&# 1b1W 3T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&3# 7 j1 jf@JERS 1? 32 4"  JERS 1kBj) "  Japanese Earth Resource Sensing satellite, also called Fuyo 11 E'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21867 / 92007Ah'EA#RNLaunch date11 Feb 1992 at 01:50 UTlM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapankM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^IA#R:"Perigee/Apogee567/568 kmVA#R*Inclination97.7RIA#R"Period96 minfWM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1[A#R4"Mass at launch1340 kgWu% =Had problems to open out its SAR antenna that were solved. Is working with 1 third of its power (4000 W instead of 12) thus the performance is not maximum<' * External resourceswuV. ,http://hdsn.eoc.nasda.go.jp/guide/guide/satellite/satdata/jers_e.htmlhttp://www.eurimage.it/Products/JERS_1.html8' "(OTechnical data8V' " Specifications`& A#R>&Prime contractorMitsubishi[ A#R4"Mass at launch1400 kgR& A#R"Length0.93 mQ $ A#R Width1.83 mR v A#R"Height3.16 mZ$ A#R2Solar array7 x 3.5 m]v - A#R8SAR Antenna11.9 x 2.4 mY A#R0 Stabilization3 axis\- A#R6$Design lifetime2 years&  # P# X - *F  SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)_ A#R<Frequency1.3 GHz (L-band)YX  A#R0Resolution18 x 18 mV f A#R*Swath width75 km % Mission: high resolution monitoring of land use and type, glacier extent, snow cover, surface topography, ocean currents and waves.Gf Y- *4  OPS (Optical Scanner){E#ZWavebands0.52-0.6 m (visible)0.63-0.69 m (visible)0.76-0.96 m (near IR)1.6-1.7 m (near IR)2.0-2.4 m (near IR)YYrA#R0Resolution18 x 24 mVA#R*Swath width75 kmnrf@$ Mission: pollutionf@3 monitoring in oceans and lakes, land use classification, cloud and snow discrimination.< @1̃@@BProgram: KHLf@@8 @*V" Program: KH@A. *  Key HoleAmerican military reconnaissance program. The first satellites had a very limited lifetime. From 1959 to 1992: 266 launched including 50 failuresSorry, this section is under total reconstruction<@+B' *O External resourcesgAB. ,http://www.milnet.com/milnet/declass.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/imint/index.html1+BB1MB&C鄉5B&C# $to be processed&BLC# ;&CC' (O Samos KH 1 seriesT-LCC' Z Satellite And Missile Observatory System5CD' O KH 1 series~YCD% 8 satellites launchedDiscovery: kh 1, 2 & 31st generation: discovery, samos and KH 35DD' O KH 4 seriesCDE$ >Corona8 satellites launched6Dm QdI@ĘKH 11 specificationsAlso called KennanThose satellites operate on a sun-synchronous orbit (250/500 km for the first satellites, from KH11-6 on 300/1000 km). Images are transmitted in real time via TDRS. Lifetime at least 4 years, variable. 13 tonsThe constellation consists of two satellites in separate planes, spaced by the angle through which the Earth rotates during two of their orbital periods, about 48.7 deg. Each satellite repeats its groundtrack every four days; and the east satellite follows the west satellite's groundtrack two days later.[7C $ nThey operate with CCDs, estimated resolution: 15 cm7C1!#CvKH 1-2C 5 :V" KH 1-29C# ,Also called Samos 21 '  Generalg WG#^@") Designation00070 / 61001A\A#R6Launch date31 Jan 1961t'W'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^'A#R:"Perigee/Apogee474/557 kmVHA#R*Inclination97.4RA#R"Period95 minq$H M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B[fA#R4Launch siteVandenberga= ǎ$ zFirst american spy satellite transmitting images by radio5f'  End of lifeVǎRA#R*Decay21 Oct 1973$v" 7R1*C$ ĉKH 1-5Gv 8 @ V" KH 1-5 v9E# ,Also called Samos 51 v'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation00219 / 61035C\v9A#R6Launch date22 Dec 1961t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&9‰G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^x‰A#R:"Perigee/Apogee187/310 kmV‰‰A#R*Inclination89.6Tx‰"ÉA#R&Period89.4 min\‰~ÉG#^*" &Launch vehicle["ÉÉA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&~ÉÉ# 5É4ĉ'  End of lifeUÉĉA#R(Decay9 Jan 1962$4ĉĉ" 8ĉĉ1%ĉ-ʼnɉKH 4-01Hĉ-ʼn8 @"V" KH 4-01<ĉiʼn# 2Also called Close Look1 -ʼnʼn'  Generalg iʼnƉG#^@") Designation00256 / 62007A[ʼn\ƉA#R4Launch date7 Mar 1962t'ƉƉM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&\Ɖ=ljG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ƉljA#R:"Perigee/Apogee236/686 kmV=ljljA#R*Inclination90.9TljEȉA#R&Period93.9 min\ljȉG#^*" &Launch vehicle[EȉȉA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&ȉ"ɉ# 5ȉWɉ'  End of lifeT"ɉɉA#R&DecayMay 1963?$Wɉɉ" 9ɉʉ1Cփ&ʉQʉΉKH 4A-03IɉQʉ8 @$V" KH 4A-031 ʉʉ'  Generalg QʉʉG#^@") Designation00578 / 63016A\ʉEˉA#R6Launch date18 May 1963t'ʉˉM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&Eˉ&̉G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ˉ̉A#R:"Perigee/Apogee147/506 kmT&̉̉A#R&Inclination91T̉,͉A#R&Period74.5 min\͉̉G#^*" &Launch vehicle[,͉͉A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&͉ Ή# 5͉>Ή'  End of lifeV ΉΉA#R*Decay27 May 1963$>ΉΉ" 8ΉΉ1'Ή8ωKH 7-01HΉ8ω8 @"V" KH 7-011 Ήiω'  Generalg 8ωωG#^@") Designation00618 / 63028A\iω8A#R6ω8ΉLaunch date12 Jul 1963t'ωM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&8G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^wA#R:"Perigee/Apogee173/212 kmVA#R*Inclination95.3Tw!A#R&Period88.3 minq$M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D[!A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&# 5H'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay17 Jul 1963$H" 81փ6(BKH 9-01HB8 @"V" KH 9-011 s'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation05297 / 71056A\s6A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1971t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&6G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^uA#R:"Perigee/Apogee180/300 kmVA#R*Inclination96.4TuA#R&Period89.3 min\{G#^*" &Launch vehicle[A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&{# 51'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay6 Aug 1971$1" 81u)* KH 11-1H* 8 @"V" KH 11-11 [ '  Generalg * G#^@") Designation09627 / 76125A\[  A#R6Launch date19 Dec 1976t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm& G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ ] A#R:"Perigee/Apogee246/531 kmV A#R*Inclination96.9T]  A#R&Period92.3 min\ c G#^*" &Launch vehicle[ A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&c # 5  '  End of lifeV o A#R*Decay28 Jan 1979$ " 8o 16* BKH 11-2H 8 @"V" KH 11-21 D'  Generalg G#^@") Designation10947 / 78060A\DA#R6Launch date14 Jun 1978t'{M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm& @G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance{ @ ^{j@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee223/509 kmT @@A#R&Inclination97Tj@AA#R&Period91.9 min\@nAG#^*" &Launch vehicle[AAA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&nAA# 5A$B'  End of lifeVAzBA#R*Decay23 Aug 19818$BB' "(Technical data<zBB) "&dSpecifications8B&C1u+&CnC$HKH 11-3HBnC8 @"V" KH 11-31 &CC'  Generalg nCDG#^@") Designation11687 / 80010A[CaDA#R4Launch date7 Feb 1980t'DDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&aDBEG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^DEA#R:"Perigee/Apogee220/498 kmTBEEA#R&Inclination97TEHFA#R&Period91.7 min\EFG#^*" &Launch vehicle[HFFA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&F%G# 5FZG'  End of lifeV%GGA#R*Decay30 Oct 19828ZGG' "(Technical data<G$H) "&dSpecifications8G\H17,\HHMKH 11-6H$HH8 @"V" KH 11-69\HH# ,Also called USA 0061 HI'  Generalg HuIG#^@") Designation15423 / 84122A[IIA#R4Launch date4 Dec 1984t'uIDJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&IJG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^DJKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee335/758 kmTJcKA#R&Inclination98L KKA#RPeriod\cK LG#^*" &Launch vehicle[KfLA#R4Launch siteVandenbergG# LL$ FWas active during the gulf war.5fLL'  End of lifeTL6MA#R&DecayOct 1994?8LnM' "(Technical data<6MM) "&dSpecifications8nMM1-M*NKH 11-7HM*N8 @"V" KH 11-79McN# ,Also called USA 0271 *NN'  Generalg cNNG#^@") Designation18441 / 87090A\NWOA#R6Launch date26 Oct 1987t'NOM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&WODG#^L"H̀ODMMissionMilitary: reconnaissance_OA#R<"Perigee/Apogee300/1000 kmTDA#R&Inclination98L CA#RPeriod\G#^*" &Launch vehicleQCA#R Launch site&# 8N' "(Technical data<) "&dSpecifications8N‚1.‚ ]KH 11-8H 8 @"V" KH 11-89‚C# ,Also called USA 0331 t'  Generalg CۃG#^@") Designation19625 / 88099A[t6A#R4Launch date6 Nov 1988t'ۃM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&6G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance_vA#R<"Perigee/Apogee300/1000 kmTʅA#R&Inclination98L vA#RPeriod\ʅrG#^*" &Launch vehicleQÆA#R Launch site&r醊# 8Æ!' "(Technical data<醊]) "&dSpecifications8!1k/هPKH 12-1D]ه5 : V" KH 12-19# ,Also called USA 0531 هC'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20516 / 90019B\CA#R6Launch date28 Feb 1990t'zM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States8G#^p"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kennan advanced)ZzSA#R2"Perigee/Apogee800 kmTA#R&Inclination65L SA#RPeriodj]M#j:" &}Launch vehicleSTS 36`D#X8"Mass at launch14000 kgi]P* $@ĘOptical reconnaissance satellite. Believed resolution: 15 cm. Downlinks via TDRS. Built by Lockheed81Ӏ0̌KH 12-2DP̌5 : V" KH 12-29# ,Also called USA 0861 ̌6'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22251 / 92083A\6A#R6Launch date28 Nov 1992t'mM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States8쎊G#^p"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kennan advanced)a mMA#R@"Perigee/Apogee287 / 1021 kmV쎊A#R*Inclination97.8RM A#R"Period97 min PkwM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4\ A#R6"Mass at launch14000 kgw- (5@ĘOptical reconnaissance satellite. Believed resolution: 15 cm. Downlinks via TDRS. Built by LockheedWas found in the orbit once occupied by KH 11-781k1ŠƊKH 12-3DŠ5 : V" KH 12-39OŠ# ,Also called USA 1161 ŠŠ'  Generalg OŠŠG#^@") Designation23728 / 95066Ag&ŠNÊA#RLLaunch date5 Dec 1995 at 21:18 UTt'ŠÊM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesCNÊLĊG#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kennan advanced or Crystal)^ÊĊA#R:"Perigee/Apogee270/980 kmVLĊŊA#R*Inclination96.8RĊRŊA#R"Period97 minkŊŊM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4\RŊƊA#R6"Mass at launch14000 kgsŊƊ* $@ĘOptical (and IR?) reconnaissance satellite. Believed resolution: 15 cm. Downlinks via TDRS. Built by Lockheed8ƊƊ1Ӏ2Ɗ2NJʊKH 12-4DƊ2NJ5 : V" KH 12-49ƊkNJ# ,Also called USA 1291 2NJNJ'  Generalg kNJȊG#^@") Designation24680 / 96072A\NJ_ȊA#R6Launch date20 Dec 1996t'ȊȊM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States<_ȊVɊG#^x"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (improved Crystal 4?)WȊɊA#R,"Perigee/Apogeen/aTVɊʊA#R&Inclinationn/aOɊPʊA#RPeriodn/ao"ʊʊM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #19&Pʊʊ# Aʊ&ˊ1j 3&ˊfˊ̊Program: Kitcomm@ʊfˊ, (*" Program: Kitcomm9&ˊ̊( #LEO messaging system to be operated by Kitcomm pty of Australia. Should be composed of 6 satellites for a start, to be launched with Rokot rockets. In the future a constellation of 21 satellites on 3 planes could be launched. Would orbit at 2800 km.Should use L-band1fˊ̊1W4̊$͊J͊T+̊$͊) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&̊J͊# @$͊͊1]̃5͊͊ϊProgram: KitsatPJ͊͊8 @2❨y" Program: Kitsat͊Ί&  Also named Uribyol (Woo-Ree-Byul) which means "Our Star"Korean program operated by the Korean Institute of Science and Technology<͊Ί' *O External resourcesDΊϊ' :http://satrec.kaist.ac.kr1Ί7ϊ167ϊϊe+ϊϊ: DVG.Program: KitsatKitsat AKitsat B97ϊϊ1 7ϊ* Kitsat AIϊ*8 @$❨y"ϊ*ϊ Kitsat Aa8ϊ) "p䵟Also called KO-23 or Oscar 23 or Woo-Ree-Byul Ir Ho1 *'  Generalg #G#^@") Designation22077 / 92052B\A#R6Launch date10 Aug 1992r%#M#jJ"N ,;XJCountry of originSouth Koreao"`M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1304/1324 kmV`A#R*Inclination66.1UkA#R(Period111.9 minn!M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V52[k4A#R4"Mass at launch50.5 kg% ;Function: Packet Radio Mailbox, Digipeater, a CCD camera experiment and a synthesized voice experiment. The Earth Imaging System (EIS) has 2 CCD cameras.84.' "(OTechnical data8f' " SpecificationsH.A#R&Prime contractorKorean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology}6flG#^l PlatformSSTL (Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.)[A#R4"Mass at launch50.5 kgSlA#R$ Mass in orbitL fA#RLengthK A#RWidthL fA#RHeight}<zA#Rx Stabilization3 axis (gravity gradient & magnetotorquer)N A#RDC powerUz A#R($Design lifetime&C # 9 | ' $ Frequency chartKC B#TUplink9600 bps K9NG/G3RUH modulated FSK (FM) AX.25145.850 145.900 MHz&| / # E B#TDownlink9600 bps K9NG/G3RUH modulated FSK (FM) AX.25435.175 MHz$/ " 9  1; 8 \ HKitsat BI \ 8 @$❨y" Kitsat Ba8 ) "p䵟Also called KO-25 or Oscar 25 or Woo-Ree-Byul Ee Ho1 \ '  Generalg U G#^@") Designation22830 / 93061H\ A#R6Launch date26 Sep 1993r%U # M#jJ"N ,;XJCountry of originSouth Koreao" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^# A#R:"Perigee/Apogee787/803 kmV FA#R*Inclination98.6U A#R(Period100.8 minn!F M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V59[dA#R4"Mass at launch47.5 kgg  @$ It carries CCD cameras, store/forward communication equipment (HAM radio) and a radiation detector.d @ 8dD@' "(OTechnical data8 @|@' " SpecificationsDD@AG#^& Prime contractorSaTRec (Satellite Technology Research Center)}6|@AG#^l PlatformSSTL (Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.)[AAA#R4"Mass at launch50.5 kgSA2BA#R$ Mass in orbitRABA#R"Length352 mmQ2BBA#R Width356 mmRB'CA#R"Height670 mm}<BCA#Rx Stabilization3 axis (gravity gradient & magnetotorquer)N 'CCA#RDC power\CNDA#R6$Design lifetime5 years&CtD# ?NDD' 0 Frequency chart (MHz)1tDQEm#b $ PR Downlink freq.Transponder/BeaconMode(DEj#P435.175T9600 bps FSK FM Digital(QEuFj#P436.500T9600 bps FSK FM Digital&EF# /uF7Gm#^   LN Uplink freq.Transponder/BeaconMode(FGj#P145.870T9600 bps FSK FM Digital(7G[Hj#P145.980T9600 bps FSK FM Digital$GH" : [HH1) 9HHكKompsat 1:HH, (" Kompsat 1C H6I# @Korea Multi Purpose Satellite1 HgI'  GeneralY6IIG#^$") Designation`gI JA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999r%IJM#jJ"N ,;XJCountry of originSouth Korea_ JJG#^0"H̀MissionScientificZJKKA#R2"Perigee/Apogee685 kmQJKA#R InclinationL KKKA#RPeriod\KDLG#^*" &Launch vehicleQKLA#R Launch siteDLIN% KOMPSAT will carry remote sensing instruments to measure ocean and land as well as upper atmospheric instruments. Some experiments will focus on ionospheric and magnetic fields. Also includes an electro-optical camera with 7 meter resolution built by TRW. The camera will provide cartography data for developing digital elevation maps of the Korean peninsula for land use and planning purposes. 1 LzN' O ContactrINO& KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute)52 Eoeun Dong, Yusong Gu, Taejon 305-333, KoreaTel: +82-042-860-26118zNJO' "(OTechnical data8OO' " SpecificationsYJOOA#R0&Prime contractorTRWN O5A#RO5HPlatformZOA#R2"Mass at launch420 kgS5​A#R$ Mass in orbitO1A#RDimensionQ​A#R Solar arrayS1ՁA#R$ StabilizationN #A#RDC powerUՁxA#R($Design lifetimea:#ك' uShould have Ka-band capacityDaewoo provided the attitude and orbit control subsystem; Halla and Hanwah, the propulsion subsystem; Hyundai, electrical power system components; Korean Air and Doowon, the structural and thermal subsystem; and Samsung, the on-board computer and satellite system test equipment. 1x 1W: ^T+ك^) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # B^Ƅ1c c;ƄJProgram: KoreasatR8 @6 7N?" Program: Koreasat2ƄJ. * $AAlso called Mugunghwa (name of the national flower)Korean geostationary telecommunication program operated by Korea Telecom. The first generation is made of 3 satellites operating in DBS & FSS band.The second generation satellites are planned for 20051{1<{>JA R|rY Y Y Program: KoreasatKoreasat 1Koreasat 2Koreasat 31{+1 =+?j# 8Koreasat's specificationsq0+ۇA#R`&Prime contractorLockheed Martin Astro SpaceUj0A#R(PlatformGE 3000[ۇA#R4"Mass at launch1464 kgT0߈A#R&Dry mass652 kgX7A#R.Payload mass202 kgb!߈A#RBDimension1.74 x 1.96 x 1.9 mY7A#R0 Stabilization3 axisYKA#R0DC powerBOL: 1600 W]A#R8$Design lifetime12 years^:K$ tBeacons would be at: 12.25125, 12.25175 & 12.74875 GHz171U>7d<s# 2Koreasat's Ku-band FSSY7̋A#R0(Main transponders12Zs&A#R2,Backup transponders4ŐuA#RPower14 WU&ʌA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzYu#A#R0CoverageSouth KoreaVʌyA#R*EIRP max50.2 dBWV#ύA#R*G/T max13.5 dB/KRycB#TPolarizationKoreasat 1: H uplink; V downlinkKoreasat 2: V uplink; H downlink@ύ压B#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.00-14.5 GHzDownlink: 12.25-12.75 GHz>cdA#R| Beam coverage0.74 x 0.74 uplink; 0.86 x 0.86 downlink$压" 1d1U?ËË< # 2Koreasat's Ku-band DBS XdA#R.(Main transponders3Z A#R2,Backup transponders3PdA#RPower120 WUcA#R(Bandwidth27 MHzYA#R0CoverageSouth KoreaVc‹A#R*EIRP max59.4 dBWVh‹A#R*G/T max13.0 dB/Kd#‹‹A#RFPolarizationLHCP (up and down)=h‹KËB#TzFrequenciesUplink: 14.5-14.8 GHzDownlink: 11.7-12.0 GHZ>‹ËA#R| Beam coverage0.82 x 0.67 uplink; 1.06 x 0.86 downlink$KËË" 1Ëċ1@ċvċW!Ëvċ6 "/ۀ0Geostationary orbit116Ep#NjqȋM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #228i<ȋʋ- (yp㉂The launch experienced a partial failure: a booster rocket to separate. The preliminary reports indicate that explosive lines on the Delta 2 vehicle were damaged by exposure to excessive temperatures, causing one of the solid motors not to separate. The booster separation malfunction was blamed on the heat-related failure of insulation protecting the rocket's booster separation circuits.This resulted in a wrong orbit delivery. The satellite reached GEO at the end of August on its own and used part of is propellant. Thus its lifetime was reduced to 4.5 years.[7qȋ5ˋ$ nShould move to 113E after the launch of Koreasat 38ʋmˋ' "(Technical datan75ˋˋ7 >n&`=XWSpecificationsKu-band (telecom)Ku-band (DBS)=mˋ̋' , EIRP coverage (dBW)ˋ̋3 42JgD4w3TelecomDBSEquipped with a Star 30 solid apogee motor. Carries 625 kg of fuel for the apogee motor and 187 kg of hydrazine propellant.; ̋͋1sC͋\͋Koreasat 2G̋\͋5 :& 7N?" Koreasat 2A͋͋# <Also called Mugunghwa Ee Ho1 \͋͋'  Generalg ͋5΋G#^@") Designation23768 / 96003A\͋΋A#R6Launch date14 Jan 1996r%5΋ϋM#jJ"N ,;XJCountry of originSouth Koreao"΋rϋM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfϋϋG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit116Ep#rϋTM#jF"ϋT̋ &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #231[ϋA#R4"Mass at launch1608 kg&T# 8 ' "(Technical datan7{7 >n&`=XWSpecificationsKu-band (telecom)Ku-band (DBS)= ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)B{0 0$2JgD4w3TelecomDBS; 51݅D5|FKoreasat 3G|5 :& 7N?" Koreasat 3C 5# @Also called Mugunghwa Sahm Ho1 |'  GeneralYIG#^$") Designationd#A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Aug 1999r%IM#jJ"N ,;XJCountry of originSouth Koreao"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit116Ej^M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeTA#R&"Mass at launchZ6^ $ lThe satellite whole cost is worth $198.7 million.8D' "(OTechnical data= ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)DD1 2&}D4w3TelecomDBS8' " Specificationse$bA#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinSA#R$PlatformA2100[bA#R4"Mass at launch2790 kgUeA#R(Dry mass1300 kgOA#RDimensionQe A#R Solar arraySX A#R$ StabilizationT A#R&DC power4700 W]X A#R8$Design lifetime12 years& / # 5 d '  Ku-band DBSX/ A#R.(Main transponders6Zd  A#R2,Backup transponders3P f A#RPower120 WU A#R(Bandwidth27 MHzYf  A#R0CoverageSouth KoreaV j A#R*EIRP max59.4 dBWV A#R*G/T max14.0 dB/Kd#j $ A#RFPolarizationLHCP (up and down)> A#R| Beam coverage0.82 x 0.67 uplink; 1.06 x 0.86 downlink&$ # 5 '  Ku-band FSSn- lA#RZ(Main transpondersgroup-1 12 + group-2 12Z A#R2,Backup transponders8OlA#RPower45 WUjA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzK @B#TCoverageG1: South KoreaG2: South Korea or South-East Asia (steerable)j @Oj@C#VEIRP maxG1: 50.5 dBWG2 South Korea: 55.1 dBWG2 South-East Asia: 50.2 dBWP @1AC#VG/T maxG1: 13.6 dB/KG2 South Korea: 13.7 dB/KG2 South-East Asia: 8.0 dB/KB@AB#TPolarizationG1: H uplink, V downlinkG2: V uplink, H downlinkd1A[BB#T Beam CoverageG1: 0.74 x 0.74 uplink; 0.86 x 0.86 downlinkG2 South-East Asia: 3.0 circular&AB# 1 [BB'  Ka-bandXB CA#R.(Main transponders3ZBdCA#R2,Backup transponders2O CCA#RPower70 WVdC DA#R*Bandwidth200 MHz^CgDA#R:CoverageKorean peninsulaV DDA#R*EIRP max55.0 dBWUgDEA#R(G/T max9.4 dB/Kl+D~EA#RVPolarizationRHCP uplink; LHCP downlink^EEA#R: Beam coverage1.2 x 1.0&~EF# 1E3F1WE3FFFT+FF) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&3FF# 1FF1FF1GSF1G6 << 7N?"Koreasat 3's FSS EIRP1FbG1WGbGGGT+1GG) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&bGG# 9GH1,cHHNHUL Star 19 GNH, (" L Star 19HH# ,Also called LaoStar1 NHH'  GeneralYHIG#^$") Designationf%HwIA#RJLaunch dateplanned in early 1998o"IIM#jD"N ,)`Country of originThailando"wIUJM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^IJA#R:,Geostationary orbit116EjUJKM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeYJvKG#^$Launch site~QKM- (sNgProgram of Asia Broadcasting and Communications Network, Ltd (ABCN) of Bangkok. ABCN is a subsidiary of Thailand's M. Group. After launch, the satellite is to be handed over to Lao-Star Co. Ltd., a company held 80 percent by ABCN and 20 percent by the government of Laos. ABCN also awarded a contract to Telesat Canada to monitor and test the L-Star program as technical advisers. Telesat will also operate the satellite during the first 24 months. Telesat is building a control center in Perth Australia. This center will be remote controlled from their main control center in Canada.(vKO' Japan's Itochu Corp. said it will join the project. Sondhi Satellite would also be involvedThe contract (2 satellites with launch) is worth $480 million. Options can be taken for 3rd and 4th satellites. The ground station will be located in Vientianne8MTO' "(Technical dataAOO) "0PqCEIRP coverage (dBW)8TOO' " Specificationsi(OBA#RPOBG&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralXOA#R.PlatformFS 1300 HP[BA#R4"Mass at launch3500 kgSHA#R$ Mass in orbitOA#RDimensionQH职A#R Solar arrayYAA#R0 Stabilization3-axisY职A#R0DC powerEOL: 8200 W]AA#R8$Design lifetime14 years&# 1 N'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders32YNA#R0,Backup transpondersPPA#RPower113 WUA#R(Bandwidth33 MHzkP]#"PqC:PqCPqCPqCCoverageEast: East Asia (Taiwan, Southern and Eastern coast of China, HongKong, Korea)West: Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka)Central: Golden Peninsula (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia Singapore)+ Japan uplinkN ^A#REIRP maxRA#R"Polarization=^/B#TzFrequenciesUplink: 17.3-17.8 GHzDownlink: 11.7-12.2 GHz&U# 1/1WIڇT+Uڇ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 1ڇ11tJ1tCt0 0("L Star's EIRP111WKT+t) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 9X1ZLXL Star 29 , (" L Star 21 X‰'  GeneralYG#^$") Designationd#‰A#RFLaunch dateplanned in mid 1998o"M#jD"N ,)`Country of originThailando"]M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^A#R:,Geostationary orbit116Ej]%M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeY~G#^$Launch site%A- (-GC|See L Star 1 for more details... the satellites are identicalThe satellite might be delayed or cancelled because of the Asian currency crisis.8~y' "(Technical dataAA) "0PqCEIRP coverage (dBW)1y덌1WM덌?eT+?) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&덌e# B?1pNŒProgram: LacrosseRe8 @6Gm" Program: Lacrossej6 : QdI@ĘAlso called IndigoAmerican military reconnaissance programEquipped with a Synthetic Aperture Radar which provides 1 m resolution data. Lifetime = 5 years, 14 tons, built by Lockheed Martin. Solar pannel aere believed to measure amost 50 m, which could provide 10 to 20 kW power.Can take pictures as much as 1000 km off of the ground track. The great advantage of those satellites over the KH imaging satellites is that it can view through clouds. The system probably uses high and low resolution modes and transmits large amount of data for computer processing on the ground. It probably downlinks via TDRS<' *O External resourcesyŒ. ,http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/imint/lacrosse.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/imint/indigo.htm1Œ1OŒ8Ì>Œ8ÌA R|=Š---Program: LacrosseLacrosse 1Lacrosse 2Lacrosse 3; ŒsÌ1/8PsÌÌȌLacrosse 1K8ÌÌ8 @(Gm" Lacrosse 19sÌÌ# ,Also called USA 0341 Ì(Č'  Generalg ÌČG#^@") Designation19671 / 88106B[(ČČA#R4Launch date2 Dec 1988t'Č^ŌM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&ČŌG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^^Ō)ƌA#R:"Perigee/Apogee680/690 kmTŌ}ƌA#R&Inclination57L )ƌƌA#RPeriodk}ƌ4njM#j<" &DLaunch vehicleSTS 27R&ƌZnj# 54njnj'  End of life^ZnjnjA#R:"Out of serviceMarch 1997TnjAȌA#R&CausedeorbitedUnjȌA#R(DecayMarch 1997&AȌȌ# ; ȌȌ1̀JQȌBɌ̌Lacrosse 2KȌBɌ8 @(Gm" Lacrosse 29Ȍ{Ɍ# ,Also called USA 0691 BɌɌ'  Generalg {ɌʌG#^@") Designation21147 / 91017A[ɌnʌA#R4Launch date8 Mar 1991t'ʌʌM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&nʌOˌG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissanceZʌˌA#R2"Perigee/Apogee700 kmTOˌˌA#R&Inclination68L ˌǏA#RPeriodkˌ̌M#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4$Ǐ̌" ; ̌͌18R͌^͌OLacrosse 3Ǩ^͌8 @(Gm" Lacrosse 39͌͌# ,Also called USA 1331 ^͌͌'  Generalg ͌/ΌG#^@") Designation25017 / 97064A\͌ΌA#R6Launch date24 Oct 1997t'/ΌΌM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&ΌlόG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissanceZΌόA#R2"Perigee/Apogee700 kmTlό&A#R&ό&̌Inclination57L όrA#RPeriodo"&M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #22nCrO+ &-Apparently replaces Lacrosse 1has a Lockheed/Sunnyvale Bus-1A1T S Program: LadybugAO, (," Program: LadybugO  / ,A⻧u}Ka-band telecommunication program operated by KaStar Satellite Communications Corp. Was approved by the FCC in May 1997 except for the inter satellite link2 satellites planned: Ladybug 1 at 73W and Ladybug 2 at 109.2W cost: $517 millionWill provide T1 and high bandwidth pipes8X' "(OTechnical data8 ' " Specificationse$XA#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinN CA#RPlatform[A#R4"Mass at launch3200 kgUCA#R(Dry mass1690 kg\OA#R6Dimension2 x 2 x 3.6 mZA#R2Solar array24 m spanYOA#R0 Stabilization3-axisNA#RDC powerEOL: 6600 W (Nickel Hydrogen batteries, 100% eclipse time backup)]A#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsO+=$ VCommand and telemetry in C- and Ka-band1 n'  Ka-bandY=A#R0(Main transponders48Zn!A#R2,Backup transponders6OpA#RPower30 WV!A#R*Bandwidth125 MHz{8pA C#VpCoverageall the 50 states with:4 spotbeams1 CONUSN  A#REIRP maxRA A#R"PolarizationN q B#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.60 and 29.25-29.5 GHzDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHz] & plans 60 GHz inter-satellite links (120 MHz)on-board switching12 times frequency reuse?1q % 1WT% y T+ y ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&% # @y 1pU / Program: LageosP / 8 @2V%" Program: Lageos + $  LAser GEOdynamic SatelliteAmerican scientific program operated by CNR/PSN/NASASeries of satellites designed to provide an orbiting benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth. Mission: accurate measurement of satellite's position with respect to Earth; determination of the planet's shape (geoid) and determination of tectonic plate movements associated with continental drift.1/ 1Vue+ u: DV>ܝProgram: LageosLageos 1Lageos 211UWi@@=u# 4Lageos's specificationsZ=A#R20"Mass at launch410 kgSA#R$0Diameter0.6 mZ= @A#R20 Stabilizationpassive @u]i@A#R80$Design lifetime50 years$ @@" 1i@@1UX@PCtC6@@# &Lageos's payload^7@RA' n Retroreflectors mounted on the surface of the sphereA@AA#R8Number of retroreflectors426 (422 fused silica, 4 germanium)_RA3BA#R<,Individual diameter3.8 cmhABA#RAccuracyground transmitter position can be determined to a few cm; tectonic motion to a few mm/yeart33BPCA#Rf.Contruction materialaluminum with a brass core$BtC" 9PCC1YCCHLageos 1ItCC8 @$V%" Lageos 11 C'D'  Generalg CDG#^@") Designation08820 / 76039A['DDA#R4Launch date4 May 1976t'D]EM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#DEM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`]E-FA#R>"Perigee/Apogee5836/5947 kmWEFA#R,Inclination109.8U-FFA#R(Period225.4 mins&FLGM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #123&FrG# <LGG' *O External resources\5rG H' jhttp://www.dgfi.badw-muenchen.de/edc/lageos1.html8GBH' "(Technical dataM HH0 0:4 SpecificationsPayload9BHH1dZHIMLageos 2IHI8 @$V%" Lageos 21 HBI'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation22195 / 92070B\BIJA#R6Launch date22 Oct 1992t'IyJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#JJM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`yJIKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee5615/5952 kmVJKA#R*Inclination52.6UIKKA#R(Period222.5 minjK^LM#j:" &ϛLaunch vehicleSTS 52&KL# <^LL' *O External resources\5LM' jhttp://www.dgfi.badw-muenchen.de/edc/lageos2.html8LTM' "(Technical datal:MM2 4t4 SpecificationsPayloadPrime contractor: AeritaliaATMN13[[NRNNProgram: LandsatQMRN8 @4"" Program: LandsatNd, & Also called ERTS (Earth Resources Technology Satellites)The idea of a civil Earth observation program came in 1962 but the first Landsat was launched only 10 years after because of political and technical choices. In fact alot of technology was classified and could be used for civil purposes. Agencies like the Geological Survey had to put pressure to make the program start. The RNdMsensibility of the resolution was longly discussed (efficient but not too efficient!).RN.* "A In 1984 the Congress gave EOSAT (Earth Observation SATellite corporation) the right to commercialize the pictures but it didn't make Landsat self financed.:dh' &(OLandsat 1 series .s@ Nȉ  2úWMade of Landsat 1, 2 & 3. Descending node at 09:30 and 18 days orbital cycleBased on the Nimbus platform. Were equipped with the RBV (Return Beam Vidicon) TV camera and the MSS (MultiSpectral Scanner) radiometer. Such a camera had been used by the lunar observation program Ranger. The satellites transmit their data in real time to Eath stations when they are available otherwise the data is recorded on-board.Has the same MSS as Landsat 4 & 5:h' &(OLandsat 2 seriess; D1@Ę>=s2úWMade of Landsat 4 & 5. Descending node at 09:37 and 16 days orbital cycleThe data is transmitted by the TDRS network.SpecificationsPayload:' &(OLandsat 3 seriesM;4 8rCeK<׉Made of Landsat 6 & 7. 16 days orbital cycleSpecificationsPayload<w' *O External resources;N6 :Chttp://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/landsat/landsat.htmlhttp://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/landsathttp://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/landsat_tm1w1\FjNF]  ɀ ɉɉɉɉɉɉProgram: LandsatLandsat 1Landsat 2Landsat 3Landsat 4Landsat 5Landsat 6Landsat 71w1U]w㉍D!F# BLandsat 4 & 5's specifications^wA#R:0&Prime contractorGE Astrok*A#RT0PlatformMultiMission Spacecraft (MMS)[߈A#R40"Mass at launch1941 kgO.A#R0Length4 mY߈A#R00 Stabilization3 axis\.㉍A#R60$Design lifetime3 years$" 1㉍81U^8y=u# 4Landsat 4 & 5's payloadT'8Ɋ- *N  MSS (Multispectral Scanner System)8uE#X0Wavebands0.5-0.6 m (green): mapping coastal features in sediment-laden water0.6-0.7 m (red): mapping roads and urban areas0.7-0.8 m (red to near IR): as below0.8-1.1 m (near IR): vegetation studies and mapping land/water boundariesTɊUA#R&0Resolution80 mWA#R,0Swath width185 kmFU- *2  TM (Thematic Mapper)dH#^0Wavebands0.45-0.52 m (visible): soil/vegetation differentiation & coastal water mapping0.52-0.60 m (visible): vegetation mapping0.63-0.69 m (visible): plant species differentiation0.76-0.90 m (near IR): biomass survey1.55-1.75 m (IR): snow/cloud differentiation10.4-12.5 m (thermal IR): thermal mapping2.08-1.35 m (IR): geological mappingC"A#R0Resolution30 m (visible, near & middle IR); 120 m (thermal IR)WyA#R,0Swath width185 km$"" 1yΏ1U_ΏÍD!# BLandsat 6 & 7'Ώs specifications^Ώ|A#R:0&Prime contractorGE AstrolM#j>0(?9PlatformTiros N / DMSP[|CA#R40"Mass at launch2750 kgZA#R20 Mass in orbit2000 kgQCA#R 0Length6.4 mQ?A#R 0Width1.22 mYA#R00 Stabilization3 axis\?A#R60$Design lifetime5 years$Í" 1IÍ1U`IÍ4ɍXɍi<ÍÍ- *x2úWLandsat 6 & 7's payloadMSS identical to Landsat 4 & 5P#IÍč- *F  ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) Í ōI#`0Wavebands0.45-0.52 m (visible)0.52-0.60 m (visible)0.63-0.69 m (visible)0.76-0.90 m (near IR)1.55-1.75 m (IR)10.4-12.5 m (thermal IR)2.08-2.35 m (IR)0.5-0.9 m (panchromatic)DčōA#R0Resolution15 m (panchromatic), 30 m (visible. near & middle IR)W ōōA#R,0Swath width185 kmY,ōAƍ- *X  SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field Sensor)kōǍI#`0Wavebands0.43-0.45 m (visible): low chlorophyll0.49-0.51 m (visible): other pigments0.55-0.57 m (visible): baseline chlorophyll0.65-0.67 m (visible): subsurface scattering0.74-1.78 m (near IR): atmospheric correction0.84-0.89 m (near IR): atmospheric correction10.5-11.5 m (IR): sea-surface temperature11.5-12.5 m (IR): sea-surface temperatureJAƍȍB#T0Resolution1.13 km (local area coverage)4.5 km (global area coverage)XǍȍA#R.0Swath width2800 km[ȍ4ɍA#R40&Revisit interval1 day$ȍXɍ" : 4ɍɍ1aɍɍ΍Landsat 1JXɍɍ8 @&"" Landsat 18ɍʍ# *Also called ERTS 11 ɍEʍ'  Generalg ʍʍG#^@") Designation06126 / 72058A\EʍˍA#R6Launch date23 Jul 1972t'ʍ|ˍM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateskˍˍM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^|ˍE̍A#R:"Perigee/Apogee895/908 kmVˍ̍A#R*Inclination99.4SE̍̍A#R$Period103 minr%̍`͍M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #89Z͍̍A#R2"Mass at launch816 kgX4`͍΍$ hHas provided over 1 million multispectral photos5͍G΍'  End of lifeX΍΍A#R."Out of service1980$G΍΍" : ΍΍1Rb΍GύLandsat 2J΍Gύ8 @&"" Landsat 28΍ύ# *Also called ERTS 21 Gύύ'  Generalg ύ#G#^@") Designaύ#΍tion07615 / 75004A\ύA#R6Launch date22 Jan 1975t'#M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesk^M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee898/912 kmV^A#R*Inclination98.9UgA#R(Period103.1 mins&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #107&g# 55'  End of life\A#R6"Out of serviceFeb 1982$5" : 1c9Landsat 3J98 @&"" Landsat 38q# *Also called ERTS 31 9'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation10702 / 78026A[dA#R4Launch date5 Mar 1978t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateskdCM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee895/915 kmVCA#R*Inclination98.9ULA#R(Period103.1 mins&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #139$L" : 1U{dg Landsat 4Jg8 @&"" Landsat 41 '  Generalg gG#^@") Designation13367 / 82072A\[ A#R6Launch date16 Jul 1982t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesk[ : M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee696/708 kmV: A#R*Inclination98.1T B A#R&Period98.8 mins& M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #163&B # 8  ' "(Technical dataxF 2 4>=s2úWSpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 2229.5 / 2265.5 MHz:  1/We  *ALandsat 5J  8 @&"" Landsat 51 @ '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation14780 / 84021A[@ A#R4Launch date1 Mar 1984t' vM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateskM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^v?A#R:"Perigee/Apogee698/706 kmVA#R*Inclination98.1T? @A#R&Period98.8 min @ s&@M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #174& @@# 8@@' "(Technical dataM@*A0 0:>=s2úWSpecificationsPayload: @dA1{^fdAA|FLandsat 6J*AA8 @&"" Landsat 61 dAA'  GeneralTA3BA#R&Designationn/ag&ABA#RLLaunch date5 Oct 1993 at 17:56 UTt'3BCM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateskByCM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingo"CCM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 2 #16&yCD# 5CCD'  End of life^DDA#R:"Out of service5 Oct 1993c"CDEA#RDCauseAttitude control failureDE' Cost: $220 millionAfter rupture of a hydrazine manifold disabled attitude control the satellite began to tumble at the start of the apogee-motor (Thiokol Star 37XFP) firing, and did not reach orbit.8E/F' "(Technical dataME|F0 0:rCeK<׉SpecificationsPayload: /FF1JWgFGMLandsat 7J|FG8 @&"" Landsat 71 F1G'  GeneralQGGA#R Designationd#1GGA#RFLaunch dateplanned in May 1998t'GZHM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateskGHM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingj)ZH/IA#RR"Perigee/Apogee705 km sun synchronousQHIA#R Inclinationa /IIA#R@Period99 min (16-day cycle)kILJM#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2[IJA#R4Launch siteVandenbergG#LJJ$ FLaunch under the MELVS contract<J*K' *O External resourcesV/JK' ^http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/landsat/l7.html8*KK' "(Technical dataa1KM0 .c@ĘTDRS used for telemetry and command:Telemetry: 2287.5 MHz (1.216 Mbps or upto 4.864 Mbps in SSA mode)Command: 2106.4 MHz (125 kbps or upto 1 kbps in SSA mode)Data: 8212.5 & 8342.5 MHz (150 Mbps each, can be used at the same time)15 m resolution Panchromatic, 30 m resolution Multispectral modes1KJM1WhJMMMT+MM) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&JMM# = MN1*iNNNNProgram: LCSMMNN8 @,c%" Program: LCSQ.NN# \American radar calibration military program1NNN1jN;Ok*N;OA RTSIU IUProgram: LCSLCS 1LCS 2LCS 46NqO1kqOO<LCS 1F;OO8 @c%" LCS 11 qO '  GeneralO ;Og OsG#^@") Designation01361 / 65034C[ ΀A#R4Launch date6 May 1965t'sBM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States]΀G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary`BA#R>"Perigee/Apogee2786/2795 kmVUA#R*Inclination32.1UA#R(Period145.6 minn!UM#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #4$<" 6r1ɅlrOLCS 4F<8 @c%" LCS 4>r# 6Also called Gridsphere 11 ''  Generalg G#^@") Designation05396 / 71067F['鄎A#R4Launch date7 Aug 1971t']M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States]鄎G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^]A#R:"Perigee/Apogee779/910 kmVnA#R*Inclination87.6UÆA#R(Period101.8 min\nG#^*" &Launch vehicle[ÆzA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&# 5zՇ'  End of lifeV+A#R*Decay11 Jun 1972$ՇO" 5+1Q[TmᎎLDEF= O2 4"  LDEFE"# D Long Duration Exposure Facility1 7'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14898 / 84034B[7A#R4Launch date6 Apr 1984t'mM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1늎M#jb"H̀@0pMissionScientific: Meteorite observation^mIA#R:"Perigee/Apogee344/348 kmV늎A#R*Inclination28.5TIA#R&Period91.5 minj]M#j:" &$Launch vehicleSTS 13\ތ% Mass at retrieval: 10.5 t with 10000 samplesDeveloped by NASA (Langley Research Center)5]'  End of life^ތqA#R:"Out of service9 Jan 1990g ؍G#^@uDCauseRetrieved by STS 32RVq.A#R*Decay20 Jan 1990&؍T# <.' *O External resourcesQ*Tᎎ' Thttp://dbdev.larc.nasa.gov/setas/LDEF/@!1T*n!qŽProgram: LeasatPᎎq8 @2" Program: Leasat!b+ $u LEAsed SATelliteAmerican military telecommunication satellite program launched in 1978 (under coqbᎎntract from the DoD). The satellites (Syncom 4 series) are operated by US Navy. The Leasat system is connected to the Navel Telecommunications Command Operational Center (NTCOC) in Washington, DC5 satellites were ordered, 1 initially intended as ground spare together with an operational center, 4 fixed ground stations and 2 mobile ones.1 q' O ContactD b$ @Operator: Naval Space Command<Ž' *O External resourceshŽ. ,http://www.hcisat.com/sat/fleet/leasat.htmlhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/leasat.htm1ŽŽ1oŽuÎLŽuÎO nUg!Ag"Ag#Ag$Ag%AgProgram: LeasatLeasat 1Leasat 2Leasat 3Leasat 4Leasat 51ŽÎ1pÎFȎCuÎÎ' 8Leasat's specifications\ÎEĎA#R6&Prime contractorHughesTÎĎA#R&PlatformHS-3819EĎŎG#^r"K\Mass at launch6895 kg (after STS crade separation)ZĎsŎA#R2 Mass in orbit1388 kgDŎŎA#RDimension4.26 m diameter x 6.17 m high deployed (4.29 m stowed)QsŎIƎA#R Solar arraySŎƎA#R$ StabilizationDIƎ"ǎB#TDC powerEOL: 1238 WEclipse: 3 25 A-hr nickel-cadmium batteriesUƎwǎA#R($Design lifetime~="ǎǎA#Rz*Telemetry & beacon7250 to 7500 MHz, and 7975 to 8025 MHzQ'wǎFȎ* $NK\Designed only for launch from STS1ǎwȎ1UqwȎʎ"ˎM&FȎȎ' LLeasat's UHF-band (240 - 400 MHz)YwȎɎA#R0(Main transponders13YȎvɎA#R0,Backup transpondersK ɎɎA#RPowerOvɎʎA#RBandwidthN Ɏ^ʎA#RCoverageN ʎʎA#REIRP maxR^ʎʎA#R"Polarization$ʎ"ˎ" 9ʎ[ˎ1r[ˎˎ6Leasat 1I"ˎˎ8 @$" Leasat 1<[ˎˎ# 2Also called Syncom 4011 ˎ̎'  Generalg ˎx̎G#^@") Designation15384 / 84113C\̎̎A#R6Launch date10 Nov 1984t'x̎H͎M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,͎̎M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsYH͎ΎA#R0,Geostationary orbitj͎ΎM#j:" &*Launch vehicleSTS 19nJΎΎ$ It wasn't launched first because of an aborted STS launch in June 19845Ύ'ώ'  End of lifeWΎ~ώA#R,"Out of serviceyes&'ώώ# 8~ώώ' "(Technical dataNώ60 0<fώ6"ˎSpecificationsUHF-band9ώo1[LsoLeasat 2I68 @$" Leasat 2<o# 2Also called Syncom 4021 %'  Generalg G#^@") Designation15236 / 84093C\%A#R6Launch date30 Aug 1984t'\M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!\7A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowjM#j:" &OLaunch vehicleSTS 23&7# : - */ۀ Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition j#.$(*L: 30 Aug 1984!j#B46early 1994early 199473E* +j#T,.Feb 1995Sep 1996177.5W, inclined&Q# 5+'  End of life\QA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1996T6A#R&CauseDeorbited&\# 86' "(Technical dataN\0 0<fSpecificationsUHF-band91'L0tdZLeasat 3Id8 @$" Leasat 3<# 2Also called Syncom 4031 d'  Generalg 8 G#^@") Designation15643 / 85028C\ A#R6Launch date12 Apr 1985t'8  M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy, M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb! A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowj M M#j:" &'Launch vehicleSTS 16T 1 2'SWhen released from STS 16 it failed to reach GEO and was repaired by STS 272 M  '  Location m#:   " BeginEndPosition  j#.$(*L: 12 Apr 1985* j#T02early 1994Sep 1996105W, inclined& # 5 '  End of life\ ZA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1996T A#R&CauseDeorbited&Z# 8 ' "(Technical dataNZ0 0<fSpecificationsUHF-band9 1_uDLeasat 4IZ8 @$" Leasat 4<$@# 2$@ZAlso called Syncom 4041 U@'  Generalg $@@G#^@") Designation15995 / 85076D\U@AA#R6Launch date29 Aug 1985t'@AM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,ABM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications\AaBA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ajBBM#j:" &SLaunch vehicleSTS 27&aBB# 5B&C'  End of life\BCA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1985r1&CCA#RbCauseUHF downlink failed during tests in GEO&CD# 8CRD' "(Technical dataNDD0 0<fSpecificationsUHF-band9RDD10vD"EMLeasat 5ID"E8 @$" Leasat 5<D^E# 2Also called Syncom 4051 "EE'  Generalg ^EEG#^@") Designation20410 / 90002B[EQFA#R4Launch date9 Jan 1990t'EFM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,QF>GM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!FGA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowk>G HM#j<" &uDLaunch vehicleSTS 32R&G1H# : HkH- */ۀ Location1HHm#:   " BeginEndPositionkHvIj#.$(*L: 12 Apr 1985"HJj#D46early 1994early 1994177W)vIJj#R,.Feb 1995May 199771.5E, inclined7J6Kj#n,.May 1997Feb 1998drifting 72E - 77E, inclined JKj#@Apr 1998156E, inclineds6KZM' In May 1998 the satellite was leased to Australian Defence Force (Royal Australian Navy) for up to 5 years. The satellite was relocated at 156E.Leasat 5 began limited service to the Australian Defence Force on Oct. 17, 1997. The PanAmSat Operations Center in Long Beach, Calif. provided the tracking, telemetry, and control capability via its Guam ground station. 8KM' "(Technical dataNZMM0 0<fSpecificationsUHF-bandAM!N1T.w!NbN Program: LEO OneAMbN, (," Program: LEO One_!N / ,LUS program from dBX Corp. It comprises 48 LEO satellites (8 planes, 50 inclination) at 950 km for mobile messaging (vehicle tracking, pager alerts, monitoring). Worth $250 million Operator: LEO One FCC authorized.Each satellite should weigh 125 kg, lifetime: 5 to 7 yearsUplink: 148-150.05 MHz Downlink: 137-137.025 MHz and 400.15-401 MHzbN M1bN=1Wx=T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=# = 1 yAˁProgram: LESMA8 @,Mc%" Program: LESbˁ( Lincoln Experimental SatelliteAmerican military tactical program designed by the Lincoln lab1A1zRˁd ;S㿶UUU¶UöUĶUƶUǶUProgram: LESLES 1LES 2LES 3LES 4LES 5LES 6LES 8LES 96肏1{肏.LES 1F.8 @Mc%" LES 11 肏_'  Generalg .ƃG#^@") Designation01002 / 65008C\_"A#R6Launch date11 Feb 1965t'ƃM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States`"G#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?`VA#R>"Perigee/Apogee2783/2809 kmVA#R*Inclination32.1UVA#R(Period145.8 minn!oM#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #3$" 6oɆ1|ɆtLES 2F8 @Mc%" LES 21 Ɇ@'  Generalg G#^@") Designation01360 / 65034B[@A#R4Launch date6 May 1965t'vM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States`ֈG#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?a v7A#R@"Perigee/Apogee2771/14810 kmVֈA#R*Inclination32.2U7≏A#R(Period309.9 minn!PM#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #4$≏t" 6P1E}LES 3Ft8 @Mc%" LES 31 !'  Generalg G#^@") Designation01941 / 65108D\!䋏A#R6Launch date21 Dec 1965t'XM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States`䋏G#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?_XA#R<"Perigee/Apogee267/4829 kmVmA#R*Inclination26.5UA#R(Period139.9 minn!m0M#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #7&V# 50'  End of lifeUVA#R(Decay6 Apr 1968$" 6:1_~:ÏLES 4F8 @Mc%" LES 41 :'  Generalg $G#^@") Design$ation01870 / 65108B\A#R6Launch date21 Dec 1965t'$M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States`TG#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee189/33632 kmVT A#R*Inclination26.6U_A#R(Period589.2 minn! M#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #7&_# 5(Ï'  End of lifeU}ÏA#R(Decay1 Aug 1977$(ÏÏ" 6}ÏÏ1ÏďǏLES 5FÏď8 @Mc%" LES 51 ÏNď'  Generalg ďďG#^@") Designation02866 / 67066E[NďŏA#R4Launch date1 Jul 1967t'ďŏM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States`ŏŏG#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?b!ŏFƏA#RB"Perigee/Apogee33188/33618 kmVŏƏA#R*Inclination11.6VFƏƏA#R*Period1316.1 mino"ƏaǏM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #19X.ƏǏ* $\ㅯ\&Could be equipped with a SNAP generator?6aǏǏ1OǏ5ȏˏLES 6FǏ5ȏ8 @Mc%" LES 61 Ǐfȏ'  Generalg 5ȏȏG#^@") Designation03431 / 68081D\fȏ)ɏA#R6Launch date26 Sep 1968t'ȏɏM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,)ɏʏM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsYɏoʏA#R0,Geostationary orbito"ʏʏM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #31&oʏˏ# 5ʏ9ˏ'  End of lifeWˏˏA#R,"Out of serviceyesX.9ˏˏ* $\ㅯ\&Could be equipped with a SNAP generator?6ˏ̏1 ̏d̏LES 8Fˏd̏8 @Mc%" LES 81 ̏̏'  Generalg d̏̏G#^@") Designation08746 / 76023A\̏X͏A#R6Launch date15 Mar 1976t'̏͏M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,X͏EΏM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!͏ΏA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"EΏϏM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #93ZΏpϏA#R2"Mass at launch450 kgϏl+ $ㅯ\&LES 8 & 9 were placed in geostationary orbit with 90 between each other. Equipped with a radio ispϏlˏotropic 238 plutonium generator, they could communicate without the help of a ground station.: pϏ- */ۀ Locationl0m#:   " BeginEndPositionj#0$(*L: 15 Mar 1976?!0=j#BMar 199594.5W, inclined j#@Jan 1996103W, inclined$=" 6!1TO!gCLES 9Fg8 @Mc%" LES 91 !'  Generalg gG#^@") Designation08747 / 76023B\[A#R6Launch date15 Mar 1976t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,[HM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"HM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #93ZsA#R2"Mass at launch450 kgF- (3ㅯ\&LES 8 & 9 were placed in geostationary orbit with 90 between each other. Equipped with a radio isotropic 238 plutonium generator, they could communicate without the help of a ground station.In 1998 the satellite is still active, relaying communications with the South Pole: s- */ۀ Location}m#:   " BeginEndPositionj#0$(*L: 15 Mar 1976? } j#@Mar 1995105W, inclined& # 8 ' "(OTechnical dataK$ 2 ' H Transponder frequency chart (MHz)% a#J  2 UplinkTransponderDownlinkh2 R#t,303.1501249.350h R#t,303.1752249.375h R#t,303.2003249.400h X R#t,303.2254249.425h R#t,303.2505249.450hX ( R#t,303.2756249.475h R#t,303.3007249.500h( R#t,303.3258249.525h `R#t,303.3509249.550i R#t.303.37510249.575i`2R#t.303.40011249.600iR#t.303.42512249.625i2@R#t.303.45013249.6@50iy@R#t.303.47514249.675i@@R#t.303.50015249.700iy@KAR#t.303.52516249.725i@AR#t.303.55017249.750iKABR#t.303.57518249.775iABR#t.303.60019249.800iBBR#t.303.62520249.825iBXCR#t.303.65021249.850(BC$ 6XCC1 .!CCāLewis6 CC, (" LewisV3CBD# fNamed for 19th century explorer Meriwether Lewis1 CsD'  Generalg BDDG#^@") Designation24909 / 97044A\sD6EA#R6Launch date23 Aug 1997jDEM#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAo(6EFG#^P"H̀MissionScientific: Remote sensingZEiFA#R2"Perigee/Apogee300 kmVFFA#R*Inclination97.5RiFGA#R"Period95 minm F~GM#j@" &bnW"Launch vehicleAthena #2`GGA#R>Launch siteVandenberg SLC6mI~GKH$ Part of the Small Spacecraft Technology Initiative (SSTI), for NASA. 5GH'  End of life_KHHA#R<"Out of service26 Aug 1997t3HSIA#RfCauseWent out of control after wrong maneuver VHIA#R*Decay28 Sep 1997xQSI!K' It would have flown 3 imaging spectrometers to gather high resolution spectral images of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, celestial objects. 5 m resolution Panchromatic, 30 m resolution MultispectralTotal cost for NASA: $64.8 million An additional $6.2 million was spent for 1-year storage and maintenance due to delayed launch<I]K' *O External resourcesY!KK. ,http://crsphome.ssc.nasa.gov/SSTI/WELCOME.HTMhttp://www.trw.com/seg/sats/SSTI.html8]KL' "(OTechnical data8KTL' " SpecificationsYLLA#R0&Prime contractorTRWN TLLA#RPlatformZLUMA#R2"Mass at launch385 kgSLMA#R$ Mass in orbitOUMMA#RDimensionQMHNA#R Solar arraySMNA#R$ StabilizationN HNNA#RDC power\NEOA#R6$Design lifetime5 years_NO& Telemetry: 2275.3 MHz (8 kbps)Command: 2095.172 MHz (2 kbps)Data: 2275.3 MHz (2.048 Mbps)1 EO ' O PayloadO COā7 <   HSI: Hyper Spectral Imager (will enable to collect data in 384 channels whereas currently standard instruments are limited to 20 channels (range 0.4 m to 2.5 m)) (built by TRW)LEISA: Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (built by NASA Goddard)UCB: Ultraviolet Cosmic Background Experiment (built by Berkeley)Lewis will also carry 15 technology demonstrations experiments.9 1p !6uLightsar9 ā6, (" Lightsar1 g'  GeneralY6G#^$") DesignationQgA#R Launch datet'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesb烐M#j*"T@^gOperatorNASAo(VG#^P"H̀MissionScientific: remote sensingT烐A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQVA#R InclinationL GA#RPeriod\G#^*" &Launch vehicleQGA#R Launch site݆% Would use advanced technologies to reduce the cost and enhance the quality of radar-based information for scientific research, commercial remote-sensing and emergency management applications. <' *O External resources\5݆u' jhttp://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/lightsar/index.html11W T+u) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # Bb1!!bProgram: LLMSIRISB , (." Program: LLMSIRISDb艐. *-SsɉLittle Leo Messaging System - Intercontinental Retrieval of Information via SatelliteBelgian project for a LEO messaging system. It is supported by SAIT Systems. The total program is said to cost $33 million.The first payload (approx 50 kg?) was attached to Resurs O1-48 ' "(OTechnical data8艐X' " Specificationsb! A#RB&Prime contractorSAIT SystemsN XA#RPlatformYaA#R0"Mass at launch60 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbit`aA#R>Dimension0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 mQeA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationWeA#R,DC powerEOL: 30 W\kA#R6$Design lifetime3 years&# 1k1W<T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&<# B~1!+~̎Program: LoralsatN<̎5 :4=1" Program: LoralsatP"~(. *ExTelecommunication satellite programm operated by Loral Space & Communications LtdIn Ku-band 2 satellites are planned (Loralsat 101 & 102) plus 1 ground spare. Project worth $250 million. For Ku-band there are other projects: a satellite could be located a̎(<t 81W to broadcast over all america (14.0-14.5/11.7-12.2 GHz for North America, 13/75-14.0/11.45-11.7 GHz for South). At 77W yet another satellite is planned to cover all America (13.75-14.0/11.45-11.7 GHz for North and South America and 6.425-6.725/3.4-3.7 GHz for South America)`6̎* $l〾uFrom the same operator, in Ka-band see Cyberstar8(' "(Technical data11WEkT+E) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&k# 1E1 Ðo5k Ð: Dj' p6 p6Program: LoralsatLoralsat 101Loralsat 1021<Ð1W<ÐÐÐT+ ÐÐ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&<ÐÐ# 1ÐÐ1UÐ,ǐPǐI&Ð0Đ# LLoralsat 101 & 102's specificationsi(ÐĐA#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralN 0ĐĐA#RPlatformTĐ;ŐA#R&"Mass at launchSĐŐA#R$ Mass in orbitO;ŐŐA#RDimensionQŐ.ƐA#R Solar arraySŐƐA#R$ StabilizationN .ƐƐA#RDC power]Ɛ,ǐA#R8$Design lifetime12 years$ƐPǐ" 1,ǐǐ1WǐǐǐT+Pǐǐ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ǐǐ# 1ǐ,Ȑ1U,ȐʐʐAǐmȐ# <Loralsat 101 & 102's C-bandY,ȐȐA#R0(Main transponders24YmȐɐA#R0,Backup transpondersOȐnɐA#RPower20 WOɐɐA#RBandwidthN nɐ ʐA#RCoverageN ɐYʐA#REIRP maxR ʐʐA#R"Polarization$Yʐʐ" 1ʐː1WːTːzːT+ʐTː) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ːzː# 1Tːː1UːqΐΐBzːː# >Loralsat 101 & 102's Ku-bandYːF̐A#R0(Main transponders32Yː̐A#R0,Backup transpondersPF̐̐A#RPower110 WO̐>͐A#RBandwidthR̐͐A#RCoverageUSA (including Hawaii and Alaska, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands)N >͐ΐA#REIRP maxR͐qΐA#R"Polarization$ΐΐ" 1qΐΐ1Wΐϐ@ϐT+ΐϐ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ΐ@ϐ# = ϐ}ϐ1Q"}ϐϐaLoralsat 101I@ϐϐ5 :*=1" Loralsat 1011 }ϐ '  Generalϐ @ϐYϐeG#^$") Designation` A#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999t'e9M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^9A#R:,Geostationary orbit129WjpM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane\8$ pLoralsat 102 should be identical and located at 77W8p' "(Technical data]&a7 >Llp"vSpecificationsC-bandKu-band11W T+a) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # = I1!ILoralsat 102I 5 :*=1" Loralsat 1021 I'  GeneralYG#^$") Designation`|A#R>Launch dateplanned in 2000t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"|_M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit77Wj_&M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane&L# 8&' "(Technical data]&L7 >Llp"vSpecificationsC-bandKu-band11WfT+f) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 6f1)+," ALusat>  2 4"  LusatY0Y ) "`䵟Also called Microsat 4 or LO-19 or Oscar 191 '  Generalg Y G#^@") Designation20442 / 90005G\ M A#R6Launch date22 Jan 1990p# M#jF"N ,㉕U剂Country of originArgentinao"M , M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee779/797 kmV, A#R*Inclination98.6U 5 A#R(Period100.6 minn! M#jB" &6D+Launch vehicleAriane V35d5  J#d4$Mass at launch9 kgI% P $ JBased on an Amsat-NA Microsat bus< ' *O External resources]6P ' lhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/nk6k/msatmain.html8 !' "(OTechnical data= ^$ 2Passive stabilizationc!B#TUplink1200 bps Manchester coded (Biphase-L) FSK (FM) AX.25145.840 145.860 145.880 145.900 MHz&^)# N@D#VDownlink1200 bps BPSK (SSB) AX.25, either one of the two frequencies below:437.154 MHz (LHCP in northern hemisphere), normal unfiltered PSK437)N@.126 MHz (RHCP in northern hemisphere), Raised Cosine modulation&)t@# h'N@@A#RNCW beacon437.126 MHz (when active)$t@A" @@@A1""@AABProgram: M-Star@AA, (*" Program: M-StarN&@AB( MPlanned global satellite network; to be designed by Motorola; total cost: $6.1 billion The company plans to earn $32 billion from the system over a 10-year period. Would be made of 72 LEO satellites. First launches planned in early 1997. throughput: 40 GbpsShould be operational in 20021AB1WBSCyCT+BSC) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ByC# 4SCC1,"G#CCM2A4yCC, (" M2A;CD# 0Multi-Media Asia, MA1 CMD'  GeneralYDDG#^$") Designationd#MD EA#RFLaunch dateplanned in mid-1999p#DzEM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiah EEP#p0( OperatorPT PSNo"zEQFM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg&EFA#RL,Geostationary orbit134E or 118EjQF"GM#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProtonYF{GG#^$Launch sites"GI1 0>؉Project worth $350 million. To be delivered in-orbit With this order an option for 5 additional satellites was secured. See also PalapaM2A is a joint venture between Pasifik Satelit Nusantara and IndosatThe ground segment of the program is worth $115 million, granted to AlcatelThe satellite might be delayed or cancelled because of the Asian currency crisis.8{GWI' "(OTechnical data8II' " Specificationsi(WIIA#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralVINJA#R*PlatformFS 13000TIJA#R&"Mass at launchSNJJA#R$ Mass in orbitUJJKA#R(Dry mass1960 kgOJKA#RDimensionQJKKA#R Solar arrayYKCLA#R0 Stabilization3-axisUKLA#R(DC power10400 W]CLLA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&LM# 0 LKM'  C-bandYMMA#R0(Main transponders24YKMMA#R0,Backup transpondersK MHNA#RPowerOMNA#RBandwidthN HNNA#RCoverageJ N/OA#REIRPRNOA#R"Polarization\/OOA#R6Frequencies3.7-4.2 GHz&O# OyC9OH' $ Extended C-bandYA#R0(Main transponders28YHA#R0,Backup transpondersK EA#RPowerOA#RBandwidthN E⁑A#RCoverageJ ,A#REIRPR⁑~A#R"Polarization\,ڂA#R6Frequencies3.4-3.7 GHz&~# 0 ڂ0'  X-bandXA#R.(Main transponders2Y0ბA#R0,Backup transpondersK ,A#RPowerOბ{A#RBandwidthN ,ɄA#RCoverageJ {A#REIRPRɄeA#R"Polarization,) Direct broadcast is planned in C-bandWill have 7 shaped spot beams and 1 global beam. Coverage of the Asia Pacific region, including Indonesia, Australia, India, China, Indochina, Korea, Japan and ASEANThe repeater module is provided by Alcatel Espace1e†1W†<T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&†<# A}1?"A$}ʇ؊Program: MabuhayM<ʇ5 :2A" Program: Mabuhay}ΉF Z}m{`g {`g有Geostationary telecommunication program operated by MPSC. Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. (MPSC) is controlled by PLDT (51%). Partners are Philippines Communications Satellite Corp (Philcomsat), Republic Broadcasting System, China Everbright Group, Cable Entertainment Group, PT PSN.PLDT announced they would launch 3 satellites in late 1996-1998. In mid 1996 Palapa B2P was bought in orbit to act as the first Mabuhay bird ʇ؊' Agila means "Philippines Eagle" This name is a kind of brand name in the Philippines as the national satellite system. Competitors are fighting to be able to use that name...Mabuhay 2 should go to 153E (after year 2000)1Ή 1 ~u;؊~: Dv"Z最nProgram: MabuhayMabuhay 0 (Palapa B2P)Mabuhay 1: 1B0zKMabuhay 1F~5 :$A" Mabuhay 1V3T# fShould be called Agila 2 after successful launch1 '  Generalg T쌑G#^@") Designation24901 / 97042A\HA#R6Launch date19 Aug 1997r%쌑M#jJ"N ,k8{Country of originPhilippineso"H)M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit146Er%)M#jJ" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March #445 8C _Sk7Cost: $230 million. Two transponders are owned by PT Pasifik Satelit NusantaraWas not delivered in the exact orbit and had to burn extra fuel to move 3000 km. The lifetime is said not to have bee~n reduced by this operation.The planned location was 144E, but there are interference problems in Ku-band with nearby Superbird C satellite. Despite the move, only 18 transponders can be activated in Ku-band.8' "(OTechnical data=X' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E0 0*AAC-bandKu-band8X' " Specificationsi(>‘A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralU‘A#R(PlatformFS-1300[>‘‘A#R4"Mass at launch3775 kgS‘AÑA#R$ Mass in orbitb!‘ÑA#RBDimension30.7 x 5.12 x 8.6 mQAÑÑA#R Solar arrayYÑMđA#R0 Stabilization3-axisg%ÑđB#TJDC powerBOL: 10000 WEOL: 8000 W]MđőA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&đ7ő# 0 őgő'  C-band]7őőA#R8(Main transponders24 + 6YgőƑA#R0,Backup transpondersOőlƑA#RPower27 WUƑƑA#R(Bandwidth36 MHz9lƑAǑG#^rACoverageentire South-East and Pacific Rim & HawaiiTƑǑA#R&EIRP max35 dBW\AǑǑA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&Ǒȑ# R+Ǒiȑ' V C-band Transponder frequency chart (GHz)bȑUɑ# *V t  Horizontal UplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVertical Uplinkiȑɑt#. 3.580256.605Uɑkʑt#.*6.625263.600ɑʑt#. 2.620276.645kʑˑt#.*6.665283.640ʑ ̑t#. 3.660296.685ˑ̑t#.*6.705303.680 ̑!͑t#,3.72015.945̑͑t#,(5.96523.740!͑5Αt#,3.76035.985͑Αt#,(6.00543.7805ΑIϑt#,3.80056.025Αϑt#,(6.04563.820Iϑit#,ϑi~3.84076.065ϑt#,(6.08583.860i}t#,9.88096.105t#.*6.125103.900}t#. 3.920116.145t#.*6.165123.940t#. 3.960136.1854t#.*6.205143.980t#. 4.000156.2254Jt#.*6.245164.020t#. 4.040176.265J`t#.*6.285184.060t#. 4.080196.305`vt#.*6.325204.100t#. 4.120216.345vt#.*6.365224.140 t#. 4.160236.385 t#.*6.402244.177& # 1 '  Ku-bandY R A#R0(Main transponders24Y A#R0,Backup transpondersPR A#RPower110 WU P A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzF G#^ACoveragePhilippines, Coastal China, Taiwan and northern VietnamTP 1 A#R&EIRP max55 dBW\ A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VO+1 $ VCan operate as 12 transponders at 220 WS, / ' X Ku-band Transponder frequency chart (GHz)b # *V t  Horizontal UplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVertical Uplink/ t#0,14.039112.2214t#2"12.2211314.039t#0,14.079212.2614Y@t#2Y@~"12.2611414.079@t#0,14.119312.301Y@rAt#2"12.3011514.119@At#0,14.159412.341rABt#2"12.3411614.159ACt#0,14.199512.381BCt#2"12.3811714.199C0Dt#0,14.239612.421CDt#2"12.4211814.2390DIEt#0,14.279712.461DEt#2"12.4611914.279IEbFt#0,14.319812.501EFt#0"12.5012014319bFzGt#0,14.359912.541FHt#2"12.5412114.359zGHt#2.14.3991012.581H!It#2"12.5812214.399HIt#2.14.4391112.621!I;Jt#2"12.6212314.439IJt#2.14.4791212.661;JTKt#0"12.6612414479&JzK# 1TKK1K L^(zK L6 " &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYnA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5nɃ'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay11 Sep 1981$ɃC" 9|1$8%|ńIMagion 2ICń8 @$.舀" Magion 21 |'  Generalg ń]G#^@") Designation20281 / 89080B\A#R6Launch date28 Sep 1989u(].M#jP"N ,Country of originCzechoslovakia|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_. A#R<"Perigee/Apogee498/2441 kmV_A#R*Inclination82.6U A#R(Period115.3 minq$_%M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #79$I" 9%1<%%ˈ֌Magion 3IIˈ8 @$.舀" Magion 31 '  Generalg ˈcG#^@") Designation21835 / 91086E\A#R6Launch date18 Dec 1991u(c4M#jP"N ,Country of originCzechoslovakia|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_4A#R<"Perigee/Apogee435/3045 kmVeA#R*Inclination82.6UA#R(Period121.3 minq$e+M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #97&Q# 8+' "(OTechnical dataM*Q֌# TDownlink frequency: 135.150/137.850 MHz918%׀%XL’Magion 4I֌X8 @$.舀" Magion 46# &Also called C2-X1 X'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation23646 / 95039Fg&A#RLLaunch date2 Aug 1995 at 23:59 UTu(&M#jP"N ,Country of originCzech Republic|/~M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya ߏA#R@"Perigee/Apogee760/191760 kmV~AA#R*ߏA֌Inclination63.3TߏA#R&Period5454 mineAG#^<" &Launch vehicleMolniya M^XA#R:Launch sitePlesetsk LC43YA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgqXL’* $sIt carries instruments to measure electric and magnetic fields for comparison with the Prognoz instruments.9’1%’’ǒMagion 5IL’’8 @$.舀" Magion 56’Ò# &Also called C2-A1 ’5Ò'  Generalg ÒÒG#^@") Designation24293 / 96050Ch'5ÒĒA#RNLaunch date29 Aug 1996 at 05:22 UTjÒnĒM#j:"N , Country of originCISu(ĒĒM#jP"H̀?vMissionScientific: aurora study`nĒCŒA#R>"Perigee/Apogee782/19140 kmVĒŒA#R*Inclination62.8L CŒŒA#RPeriodeŒJƒG#^<" &Launch vehicleMolniya M^ŒƒA#R:Launch sitePlesetsk LC43YJƒǒA#R0"Mass at launch58 kgƒǒ% +Had problems to unfold one of its solar panels. In May 1998, the satellite could finally be activated (by repeatedy sending telemetry commands).9ǒǒ1A$%ǒ-Ȓ̒Maqsat B9 ǒ-Ȓ, (" Maqsat B1 ǒ^Ȓ'  Generalg -ȒȒG#^@") Designation25024 / 97066B\^Ȓ!ɒA#R6Launch date30 Oct 1997m ȒɒM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope_!ɒɒG#^0"H̀MissionTechnology`ɒMʒA#R>"Perigee/Apogee554/26612 kmUɒʒA#R(Inclination7.7SMʒʒA#R$Period468 mino"ʒd˒M#jD" &xg&\Launch vehicleAriane V101ʒ1̒% QBuilt by Kayser-Threde of Munich, Germany. It is a smaller dummy satellite stored below the SPELTRA dual launch adapter and which remains attached to the EPS stage.<d˒m̒' *O External resourcesG#1̒̒$ Fhttp://www.estec.esa.nl/teamsat/&m̒̒# 9̒͒1U %&͒L͒Maqsat H9 ̒L͒, (" Maqsat HX͒͒) " Also called Teamsat (Technology, science and Education experiments Added to Maqsat)1 L͒͒'  Generalg ͒eΒG#^@") Designation25023 / 97066A\͒ΒA#R6Launch date30 Oct 1997m eΒ.ϒM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope_ΒϒG#^0"H̀MissionTechnology`.ϒ A#R>"Perigee/Apogee554/26612 kmϒ ̒UϒaA#R(Inclination7.7S A#R$Period468 mino"a#M#jD" &xg&\Launch vehicleAriane V101% 9Dummy satellite full of instruments to measure environment of launch. This satellite contained the Teamsat experiment, which released the YES satellite.<# ' *O External resourcesK$k' Hhttp://www.estec.esa.nl/teamsat/8 ' "(OTechnical data%k( Built by Kayser-Threde of Munich, Germany. Teamsat was produced in 7 months at ESTEC. 2300 kgExperiments:Orbiting Debris Device(ODD) - Automation & Informatics Department, ESTEC. The MAQSAT-H satellite is painted with contrasting patterns (75% white and 25% black) to support testing and calibration of ground-based optical and radar stations in Europe. The contrasting paint should also allow detection of the rotation or tumbling of MAQSAT-H. Additionally, surface paint degradation will be studied. wf' Autonomous Vision System (AVS) - Technical University of Denmark. AVS is a camera which automatically recognises and tracks stars or non-stellar objects (such as satellites). AVS can be used to identify specific stars, determine the attitude of satellites for navigation purposes and acquire images.Visual Telemetry System (VTS) - MMS Bristol (UK) / IMEC and OIP (Belgium). VTS is an imaging system to monitor spacecraft activities such as the operations of critical mechanisms. TEAMSAT hosts a system of three cameras and a master unit to provide compressed image sequences of the fairing opening and satellite separations. % Flux Probe Experiment (FIPEX) - University of Stuttgart. FIPEX will measure the concentration of atomic oxygen at altitudes up to 1000 kilometres. Atomic oxygen is known for its erosion effect and degradation of optical surfaces and lenses. 9f1%&Maqsat 39 , (" Maqsat 31 # '  GeneralY| G#^$") Designation\# A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1998_| 7 G#^0"N ,Country of originU G#^"H̀MissionV7 A#R*"Perigee/ApogeekmQ 3 A#R InclinationL  A#RPeriod\3 G#^*" &Launch vehicle&  # 8 9 ' "(OTechnical data8 q ' " SpecificationsV9 A#R*&Prime contractorN q  A#RPlatform[ p A#R4"Mass at launch2600 kgS A#R$ Mass in orbitOp A#RDimensionQ cA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN cA#RDC powerUYA#R($Design lifetime($ 1Y1W@8@T+@) "VȠ$To view this page you need to regis@ter&8@# B@z@13&"&z@@AProgram: MarathonB8@@, (." Program: Marathonz@A( Planned by Russian and Italian companies: system for fixed and mobile communications made of 9 satellitesThe operator would be Informcosmos and the prime contractor NPO PMThe satellite could also be called Arkos1@A1WACBiBT+ACB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&AiB# @CBB1& 'BBzDProgram: MarecsPiBB8 @2" Program: MarecsBC2 2 RH(㐮):European maritim telecommunication program designed from the Eutelsat platform. Operated by ESA.Satellites used by Inmarsat<BC' *O External resourcesaCzD. ,http://www.vilspa.esa.es/marecs/marecs.htmlhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/marecs.html1CD1D$Ey8zD$EA RpF^nڰ_ʴU˴UProgram: MarecsMarecs AMarecs B1Marecs B21DUE1UUE7I[I=$EE# 4Marecs's specificationsq0UEFA#R`&Prime contractorBritish Aerospace (now MMS)QETFA#R PlatformECS[FFA#R4"Mass at launch1056 kgXTFGA#R.Payload mass100 kga FhGA#R@Dimension1.9 x 1.4 x 2.56 m\GGA#R6Solar array13.9 m spanYhGHA#R0 Stabilization3 axisXGuHA#R.DC powerEOL: 789 W\HHA#R6$Design lifetime7 yearsf%uH7IA#RJCapacity50 duplex voice channels$H[I" 17II1UIL5L5[II# $Marecs's L-bandXIJA#R.0(Main transponders1ZIsJA#R20,Backup transponders1UJJA#R(0Power50 to 60 WOsJKA#R0BandwidthTJkKA#R&0CoverageglobalTKKA#R&0EIRP max35 dBWRkKLA#R"0Polarization$K5L" 1LfL1UfLNO55LL# $Marecs's C-bandXfLLA#R.0(Main transponders1YLLMA#R00,Backup transpondersPLMA#R0Power20 W?OLMMA#R0BandwidthTM?NA#R&0CoverageglobalN MNA#R0EIRP maxR?NNA#R"0Polarization$NO" 9Nf9 B|&k&kSpecificationsL-bandC-bandTransmits on 137.17 MHz: O1҄&H'OUMarecs B1J8 @&" Marecs B15OΆ'  End of life_-A#R<"Out of service10 Sep 1982n'ΆG#^N)+CauseAriane L05's launch failure&-# 8' "(Technical data\%U7 >J&k&kSpecificationsL-bandC-band: 14'و܎Marecs B2JUو8 @&" Marecs B21 '  Generalg وqG#^@") Designation15386 / 84114B\ ͉A#R6Launch date10 Nov 1984m q:M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"͉M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!: A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!yM#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V11& # : yً- */ۀ Locationcm#:   " BeginEndPositionً茓j#6$(*L: 10 Nov 198455W,c~j#X2421 Mar 1993Feb 199714.9W, inclined茓j#>Mar 199726W, inclined&~-# 8e' "(Technical dataw>-܎9 B|&k&kSpecificationsL-bandC-bandTransmits on 137.17 MHzAe1"&(nProgram: MarisatQ܎n8 @4.P" Program: Marisatr2 2P/:㐮):Also called GapfillerAmerican maritim telecommunication satellite program operated by Comsatnr܎. Was first used by military forces before been used by private companies. Also used by Inmarsat.<n' *O External resourcesb;r' vhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/marisat.htm1A1A{:A Rt ݏ7ݏ7ݏ7Program: MarisatMarisat 1Marisat 2Marisat 3: A1Y'@“ɓMarisat 1J@“8 @&.P" Marisat 11 q“'  Generalg @““G#^@") Designation08697 / 76017A\q“4ÓA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1976t'“ÓM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"4ÓēM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!ÓyēA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&ēēM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #120&yēœ# 2 ēDœ'  Locationœœm#:   " BeginEndPositionDœTƓj#8$(*L: 19 Feb 1976105W(œƓj#P,.Mar 1995Mar 1997106W, inclined&TƓ Ǔ# 5ƓAǓ'  End of life^ ǓǓA#R:"Out of service1 Apr 1997TAǓǓA#R&Causedeorbited&Ǔȓ# 8ǓQȓ' "(OTechnical dataI#ȓɓ& GTransmits in P- (250 MHz), L- (1.537-1.541 GHz) and C-band (4.195-4.199 GHz)The satellite uses the military aviation band in the 248.850 and 249.325 MHz (25 KHz raster): 20 channels for voice and data. They are also two 500 KHz channels for wideband transmissions (254.150-257.550 MHz).: Qȓɓ1'4(ɓʓMarisat 2Jɓʓ8 @&.P" Marisat 21 ɓOʓ'  Generalg ʓʓG#^@") Designation08882 / 76053A\Oʓ˓A#R6Launch date10 Jun 1976t'ʓ˓M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"˓˓M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!˓W̓A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&˓̓M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #124&W̓̓# 2 ̓"͓'  Location͓̓m#:   " BeginEndPosition"͓1Γj#6$(*L: 10 Jun 197673E)͓Γj#R,.Mar 1995Sep 199672.5E, inclined&1ΓΓ# 5Γϓ'  End of life\Γ{ϓA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1996TϓϓA#R&Causedeorbited&{ϓ # ϓ ɓ8ϓD' "(OTechnical dataI# & GTransmits in P- (250 MHz), L- (1.537-1.541 GHz) and C-band (4.195-4.199 GHz)The satellite uses the military aviation band in the 248.850 and 249.325 MHz (25 KHz raster): 20 channels for voice and data. They are also two 500 KHz channels for wideband transmissions (254.150-257.550 MHz).: D1Y'Marisat 3J8 @&.P" Marisat 31 B'  Generalg G#^@") Designation09478 / 76101A\BA#R6Launch date14 Oct 1976t'yM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!yJA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #127&J# : - */ۀ Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition,j#6$(*L: 14 Oct 197615W j#@Mar 1995178W, inclined,?j#>Oct 199672E, inclined&e# 8?' "(OTechnical dataI#e& GTransmits in P- (250 MHz), L- (1.537-1.541 GHz) and C-band (4.195-4.199 GHz)The satellite uses the military aviation band in the 248.850 and 249.325 MHz (25 KHz raster): 20 channels for voice and data. They are also two 500 KHz channels for wideband transmissions (254.150-257.550 MHz).@& 1 ')& r Program: MeasatLr 5 :0fH" Program: MeasatM& 7 < h̶-Malaysian East Asian SatelliteTelecommunication program operated by Measat Broadcast Network Systems, a subsidiary of a 1987 privatized company.Cost of the program: $235 million. Hughes also supplied equipment for a satellite control station on Malaysia's Langkawi Island and trained the Malaysian spacecraft controllers.1r ' 1' w6 A Rl*Program: MeasatMeasat 1Measat 2Measat 39' 1.")  2Measat 1E  5 :"fH" Measat 11 M '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation23765 / 96002B\M  A#R6Launch date12 Jan 1996o"  M#jD"N ,-Country of originMalaysiao" M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg  UG#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit91.5En! M#jB" & E+Launch vehicleAriane V82&U# 8!' "(Technical dataHi) ">⩖~C-band EIRP coverage (dBW)8!' " Specifications\i @A#R6&Prime contractorHughes @ ]i@A#R8PlatformHS-376 enhanced[ @@A#R4"Mass at launch1450 kgYi@AA#R0 Mass in orbit650 kga@~AM#j(Diameter2.16 m[AAA#R4Height7.82 m deployedo"~AHBM#jD"StabilizationSpin stabilizedf$ABB#THDC powerBOL: 1705 W?EOL: 800 W]HB CA#R8$Design lifetime12 yearsBC% IThe bird uses gallium arsenide solar cells instead of silicon. It also features a specially contoured surface that eliminates the need for multiple feed horns.0 CD'  C-bandYC]DA#R0(Main transponders12YDDA#R0,Backup transpondersV]D EA#R*Power12 W (SSPA)UDaEA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzy2 EEG#^d"⩖~CoverageMalaysia, Philippines & South-IndiaTaE.FA#R&EIRP max39 dBWXEFA#R.Polarizationlinear@.FGB#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.700-4200 GHz&F.G# 1 G_G'  Ku-bandX.GGA#R.(Main transponders4Y_GHA#R0,Backup transpondersWGgHA#R,Power112 W (TWTA)UHHA#R(Bandwidth54 MHzAgH>IA#RCoveragenarrow spots: Malaysia or Philippines or South-IndiaTHIA#R&EIRP max57 dBWX>IIA#R.PolarizationlinearEIqJB#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.000-14.250 GHzDownlink: 10.950-11.200 GHz&IJ# S,qJJ' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)>JK#|  > V jl TransponderPolarizationDownlinkUplinkBeam1JL#b  021V10.98214.032Malaysia + Philippines1K=M#b  022V11.04414.094Malaysia + Philippines#LM#F  023V11.10614.156Malaysia#=MN#F  024V11.16814.218Malaysia&MMO#L  025V12.28413.784South-India&N #L  026V12.34613.846South-IndiaMO &MO2# 1 c1cT26 <>"Measat 1's C-band EIRP9c1 u()5Measat 2E55 :"fH" Measat 21 f'  Generalg 5́G#^@") Designation24653 / 96063B\f)A#R6Launch date13 Nov 1996o"́M#jD"N ,-Country of originMalaysiao")M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfmG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit148En!ۃM#jB" &5E+Launch vehicleAriane V92&m# 8ۃ9' "(OTechnical data8q' " Specifications\9̈́A#R6&Prime contractorHughesWq$A#R,PlatformHS 376 HP[̈́A#R4"Mass at launch1520 kgS$҅A#R$ Mass in orbity8KA#RpDimension2.17 m diameter x 3.11 m (7.82 m deployed)Q҅A#R Solar arrayb!KA#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedTRA#R&DC power1705 W]A#R8$Design lifetime12 years&RՇ# 0 '  C-bandXՇ]A#R.(Main transponders6YA#R0,Backup transpondersK ]A#RPowerUVA#R(Bandwidth72 MHzx7ΉA#RnCoverageSouth-East Asia, East Australia and HawaiiN VA#REIRP maxRΉnA#R"Polarization&# 1 nŊ'  Ku-bandXA#R.(Main transponders9YŊvA#R0,Backup transpondersK A#RPowerUvA#R(Bandwidth50 MHzqȌA#RCoverageswitchable (by transponder) to: Malaysia, Queensland/Australia, Indonesia, India and Vietnam +TaiwanN A#REIRP maxRȌhA#R"Polarization$" 9hō1I")ō 'Measat 3E 5 :"fH" Measat 31 ō;'  GeneralY G#^$") DesignationQ;厔A#R Launch dateo"TM#jD"N ,-Country of originMalaysiao"厔ÏM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsaT0G#^4"/ۀÏ00Geostationary orbit\ÏG#^*" &Launch vehicleu0'& Bidding for this satellite: HCI, Lockheed Martin, Loral Space and AerospatialeCost expected: below $300 million1X1WXT+') "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&X# < ”1(Q+”J”ɔMeteor (US)<J”, ("" Meteor (US)b?””# ~Multiple Experiment Transportation to Earth Orbit and Return1 J””'  General\”9ÔG#^*") Designationn/a\”ÔA#R6Launch date23 Oct 1995t'9Ô ĔM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&ÔvĔG#^L"H̀MissionScientific: MicrogravityW ĔĔA#R,"Perigee/Apogeen/aTvĔ!ŔA#R&Inclinationn/aOĔpŔA#RPeriodn/aq$!ŔŔM#jH" &xLaunch vehicleConestoga #01hpŔIƔJ#d<$Mass at launch~1000 kgŔ Ȕ) 1The satellite was a commercial microgravity recoverable spacecraft operated by EER Systems. Equipped with a Star 48 solid motorThe loss is amounted $20 million for the launcher and at least $73 million for the experiments3 commercial experiments onboard: an atomic-oxygen experiment from S-Cubed, a concentrator solar array from Able Engineering, and a Motorola payload whose details are unrevealed.5IƔ?Ȕ'  End of life_ ȔȔA#R<"Out of service23 Oct 1995Z?ȔȔA#R2CauseLauncher failed&Ȕɔ# <ȔZɔ' *O External resourcesO(ɔɔ' Phttp://www.cta-space.com/s23-00.htmlBZɔɔ1Q++ɔ=ʔ̔Program: MeteosatRɔ=ʔ8 @6_," Program: Meteosatɔ̔> Je   Series of meteorological satellites operated by Eumetsat. The satellites observe cloud formation across the full Earth disk and generate images in 3 spectral bands every 30 minutes.The 3 first satellites are experimental, the 3 next are operational: MOP (Meteosat OPerational). Then the program will use MTP (Meteosat Transition Program) and finally MSG (Meteosat Second Generation).<=ʔC̔' * External resources\5̔̔' jhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/meteosat.html1C̔̔1 ͔̔x͔̔d 2_ϵaеaѵaҵaӵaԵaյa°SProgram: MeteosatMeteosat 1Meteosat 2Meteosat 3Meteosat 4Meteosat 5Meteosat 6Meteosat 7MSG1͔̔1U͔9G$͔$Δ# HMeteosat 4, 5, 6's specificationsb!͔ΔA#RB0&Prime contractorAerospatialeZ$ΔΔA#R20"Mass at launch681 kgYΔ9ϔA#R00 Mass in orbit316 kgSΔϔA#R$0Diameter2.1 mQ9ϔϔA#R 0Height3.1 ml+ϔUA#RV0ϔU͔ StabilizationSpin stabilized (100 rpm)d"ϔB#TD0DC powerBOL: 387 WEOL: 225 W\UA#R60$Design lifetime5 years$9" 1j1Uj@9# :Meteosat 4, 5, 6's payloadBj' 6 Multispectral RadiometerdC#V&Wavebands0.4-1.1 m (visible)5.7-7.1 m (IR): water vapor absorption10.5-12.5 m (thermal IR)m+B#TV&Resolutionvisible: 2.5 kmothers: 5 kmp/pA#R^&2Image repeat frequency30 minutes (3 bands)~=A#Rz&&Telemetry - DataUHF- and S-band (1 transponder per band)r1p`A#Rb&Data rate333 kbps (normal), 2.7 Mbps (burst)Y,- *X  MMD (Meteorological Data Dissemination)m`hB#T&,Channel frequenciesdigital high resolution (HR): 1694.5 MHzanalogue weather facsimile (WEFAX): 1691 MHzg&A#RL&MDD (A & B)1.695.77 +/- 0.165 MHz$h" ; .1}*.yC Meteosat 1Ky8 @(_," Meteosat 11 .'  Generalg yG#^@") Designation10489 / 77108A\mA#R6Launch date23 Nov 1977m M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropehmBM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyYA#R0,Geostationary orbits&B M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #136Zh A#R2"Mass at launch700 kg& # 5h '  End of life\  A#R6"Out of serviceOct 1984$ C " ;  ~ 1d**~ uMeteosat 2KC 8 @(_," Meteosat 21 ~ '  Generalg a G#^@") Designation12544 / 81057A\ A#R6Launch date19 Jun 1981m a * M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeh M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyY* A#R0,Geostationary orbitn! Y M#jB" &'+Launch vehicleAriane L03B $ <Has provided 284000 images5Y '  End of life@ QA#R"Out of service6 Dec 1991 to the junk orbit (36119/36334 km)$ u" ; Q15 }**IMeteosat 3Ku8 @(_," Meteosat 31 ,'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19215 / 88051A\, @A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1988 @um y@M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeh @@M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!y@CAA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!@AM#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V23&CAA# 2 A B'  LocationABm#:   " BeginEndPosition" BCj#D$8:L: 15 Jun 1988Jun 19890EBCj#:,.Jun 1989Jan 199050WC,Dj#8,.Jan 1990Apr 19900ECDj#:.0Apr 1990?Nov 19905W,D2Ej#*Jul 199150WDEj#, late 199275W2E3Fj#.Apr 199372.8W'EFj#N,.Feb 1995Nov 199570W, inclined{3FcG$ In May 1995 Eumetsat decided it didn't need the satellite back so it remained in reserve around 70W before final burn.5FG'  End of life`cGGA#R>"Out of servicemid Nov 1995c"G[HA#RDCausepushed to the junk orbit&GH# 8[HH' "(OTechnical dataW4HI# hDownlink frequency: 137.08 & 1691 MHz + in S-band; HKI1*p+KIIMeteosat 4KII8 @(_," Meteosat 47KII# (Also called MOP 11 II'  Generalg IeJG#^@") Designation19876 / 89020B[IJA#R4Launch date6 Mar 1989m eJ-KM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropehJKM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!-KKA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!KeLM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V29CKL$ >First operational satellite2 eLL'  LocationLdMm#:   " BeginEndPositionLMj#2"&(L: 6 Mar 19890EdMoNj#<,.Feb 1995May 19957.7W'MOj#N,.Aug 1995Oct 199510E, inclined&oN&O# 5O[O'  End of lifeb!&OOA#RB"Out of serviceEarly Nov 1995c"[O,A#RDCO,Iausepushed to the junk orbit&OR# 8,' "(Technical data\R2 4Ol "SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 137.08 MHz, 1691 & 1694.5 MHz + in S-band; S1*+S-Meteosat 5K8 @(_," Meteosat 57SՁ# (Also called MOP 21 '  Generalg ՁmG#^@") Designation21140 / 91015B[ȂA#R4Launch date2 Mar 1991m m5M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropehȂM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!5A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!mM#jB" &^D+Launch vehicleAriane V42&# : m̈́- */ۀ LocationWm#:   " BeginEndPosition̈́څj#2"&(L: 2 Mar 19910EW`j#8,.May 1997Feb 19989Wڅᆕj#.Jun 199863.5Eb`g$ Moved to 65E to take part in the INDOEX experiment (interaction between clouds and pollution)8ᆕ' "(Technical data\g-2 4Ol "SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 137.08 MHz, 1691 & 1694.5 MHz + in S-band; h1Zp++h Meteosat 6K-8 @(_," Meteosat 67hꈕ# (Also called MOP 31 '  Generalg ꈕG#^@") Designation22912 / 93073B\މA#R6Launch date20 Nov 1993m KM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropehމM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!KA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V61n' The radiometer didn't work in IR band thus temperature couldn't be measured. The problem could be solved in April 1995 after a software was developped to correct the data.Cost: $67.5 million: - */ۀ Locationn2m#:   " BeginEndPosition#j#F$8:L: 20 Nov 1993Jan 199610W2Dj#6,.Feb 1996Jun 19980~Žj#(Jul 19989W&D莕# 8Ž ' "(Technical data莕 4 6Ol "SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 137.08 MHz, 1691 & 1694.5 MHzEquipped with 1 S-band transponder. Data rate: 2.6 Mbps -; G1 +G'ʕMeteosat 7K 8 @(_," Meteosat 77G# (Also called MTP 11 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation24932 / 97049B[A#R4Launch date2 Sep 1997m a)•M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeh•M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!)••A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!•aÕM#jB" &G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee727/756 kmT>A#R&Inclination70L <A#RPeriodn!M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #8_< A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral- (ESIt carries NASA-MSFC's Optical Transient Detector experiment to study the global distribution of lightning, and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research's GPS-MET experiment which will study the occultation of GPS navigation satellite signals by the atmosphere to derive meteorological information.Microlab is owned by OSC, with NASA and NSF renting the space for and operation of their experiments.< ' *O External resourcesO(c' Phttp://www.orbimage.com/microlab.htm8' "(OTechnical data8c' " SpecificationsY, A#R0&Prime contractorOSCW A#R,PlatformMicrostarY, A#R0"Mass at launch68 kgS / A#R$ Mass in orbitQ A#R Diameter1 mQ/ A#R Height0.3 mS $ A#R$ StabilizationN r A#RDC power\$ A#R6$Design lifetime2 years$r " ? 1 1.,X-1 | Program: MidasK | 5 :. " Program: Midas1 * )  MIssile Defense Alarm SystemAmerican military satellites for missile launch warning. Equipped with IR detectors and TV cameras.<| f ' *O External resourcesd=* ' zhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/warning/midas.htm1f 1 w k tA........c-Program: MidasMidas 02Midas 03Midas 04Midas 05Midas 06Midas 07Midas 08Midas 09Midas 109 1 3,_YDMidas 02I_8 @$ " Midas 02g;, (v  Also called LASP (Low Altitude Surveillance Platform)1 _ @'  General @g s@G#^@") Designation00043 / 60006A\ @@A#R6Launch date24 May 1960t's@CAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%@AG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning^CA BA#R:"Perigee/Apogee473/494 kmTAaBA#R&Inclination33T BBA#R&Period94.3 minq$aB&CM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena A_BCA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&&CC# 5CC'  End of lifeUC5DA#R(Decay7 Feb 1974$CYD" 95DD1,^,DDHMidas 03IYDD8 @$ " Midas 031 D E'  Generalg DsEG#^@") Designation00163 / 61018A\ EEA#R6Launch date12 Jul 1961t'sECFM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%EFG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning`CFGA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3342/3541 kmVFeGA#R*Inclination91.2UGGA#R(Period161.4 minq$eG+HM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B[GHA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$+HH" 9HH13,,H,ILMidas 04IH,I8 @$ " Midas 041 H]I'  Generalg ,IIG#^@") Designation00192 / 61028A\]I JA#R6Launch date21 Oct 1961t'IJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl% JKG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning`J`KA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3482/3763 kmVKKA#R*Inclination95.9U`K LA#R(Period165.9 minq$K|LM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B[ LLA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$|LL" 9L4M1B^,i-4M}MMidas 05IL}M8 @$ " Midas 05<4MM# 2Also called Strongback1 }MM'  Generalg MQNG#^@") Designation00271 / 62010A[MNA#R4Launch date9 Apr 1962t'QN OM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%NOG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning` O A#R>"Perigee/Apogee2784/3405 kmO LVObA#R*Inclination86.7U A#R(Period152.9 minq$b(M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B[A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$(" 919,-)1Midas 06I)8 @$ " Midas 06:c# .Also called FTV 11691 )'  Generalg cG#^@") Designation00574 / 63014A[VA#R4Launch date9 May 1963t'ʃM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%V6G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning`ʃA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3607/3676 kmV6섖A#R*Inclination87.3UAA#R(Period166.4 minq$섖M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B[A A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$1" 9 j1?i--jMidas 07I18 @$ " Midas 07?j# 8Also called ERS 10 or FTV1 #'  Generalg G#^@") Designation00622 / 63030A\#懖A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1963t'ZM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%懖ƈG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning`Z&A#R>"Perigee/Apogee3672/3725 kmVƈ|A#R*Inclination88.4U&щA#R(Period167.8 minq$|BM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B[щA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$B" 916-/-CHMidas 08IC8 @$ " Midas 08:}# .Also called OPS 19601 C'  Generalg }G#^@") Designation02200 / 66051A[pA#R4Launch date9 Jun 1966t'䌖M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%pPG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning_䌖A#R<"Perigee/Apogee154/3678 kmTPA#R&Inclination90UXA#R(Period125.2 minq$ɎM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D[X$A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$ɎH" 9$1D--ʏÖMidas 09IHʏ8 @$ " Midas 09:# .Also called OPS 08ʏH561 ʏA'  Generalg G#^@") Designation02403 / 66077A\AA#R6Launch date19 Aug 1966t'xM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning`xD–A#R>"Perigee/Apogee3658/3708 kmV–A#R*Inclination89.7UD––A#R(Period167.4 minq$–`ÖM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D[–ÖA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$`ÖÖ" 9ÖĖ17/-ĖaĖgȖMidas 10IÖaĖ8 @$ " Midas 10:ĖĖ# .Also called OPS 19201 aĖĖ'  Generalg Ė3ŖG#^@") Designation02481 / 66089A[ĖŖA#R4Launch date5 Oct 1966t'3ŖƖM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesl%ŖnƖG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning`ƖƖA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3656/3721 kmTnƖ"ǖA#R&Inclination90UƖwǖA#R(Period167.5 minq$"ǖǖM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D[wǖCȖA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$ǖgȖ" DCȖȖ1=,-ȖȖo͖Program: MillenniumDgȖȖ, (2" Program: Millennium^8ȖM˖& qProgram operated by a wholly owned subsidiary of Motorola. GEO Ka-band telecommunication system. To support residential and business communications that include: telecommuting, education, medical information access, home shopping, information services, access to on-line services and the Internet.Each satellite in the Millennium system will carry 57 transponders with 32 antenna beams, approximately 25 of which will be capable of using dual polarization. Both right- and left-hand circular polarization will be used. The system should use inter satellite linksȖ͖+ $-Based on ATM. Each satellite would have a maximum 7.5 Gbps throughput, each user could use 384 Kbps up to 51.84 Mbps. Near 60 GHz, 2000 MHz should be used for inter satellite links, 6 MHz are required in C-band for satellite control.Slots: 91W, 87W, 77W, and 75W, 1 satellite per slotDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHzUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.5-30.0 GHzCost: $2.3 billion Should be operational in 20021 M˖?͖' O Contact0 ͖o͖$ Comm, Inc1?͖͖1W͖͖ΖT+o͖͖) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&͖Ζ# A͖[Ζ1?X-.[ΖΖProgram: MilstarMΖΖ5 :23=F" Program: Milstarf<[Ζ* "yUS military communication system. To provide secure worldwide wartime telecommunicationsThe project is made of 4 GEO satellites plus 2 LEO spacecraftsThe Milstar program estimated cost is $17.3 billion (1992-2011). Air Force officials said $8.8 billion of the unclassified $17.3 billion portion paΖΖid for the six satellites while another $8.5 billion will be spent on new radio gear needed by military units to use the satellites.Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space, Sunnyvale, CA, is the prime contractor for Milstar. The Milstar team is led by the MILSATCOM Joint Program Office at the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center in El Segundo, CA. TRW Space and Electronics Group provides the low data rate payload for the satellite. Hughes Aircraft Company is providing the medium data rate payload for Milstar Block II.1 ΖK' O ContactrM% 50th Space Wing300 O'Malley Ave, Suite 24, Falcon AFB, CO 80912-3024, USA<K' *O External resources= Hhttp://www.fafb.af.mil/milstar/http://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/milstar1.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/milstar1.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/milstar2.htm1212@A Rc{AProgram: MilstarMilstar 1-1Milstar 1-2Milstar 2-1121} 6# &Milstar 1 series8R' " Specificationse$A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinN RA#RPlatform\aA#R6"Mass at launch~4500 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitOaA#RDimensionWZA#R,Solar array8000 WSA#R$ StabilizationN ZA#RDC powerUPA#R($Design lifetime1 '  PayloadP} ) Low Data Rate payload (75 bps to 2400 bps):EHF (44.5 GHz) uplinkSHF (20 GHz) downlink4 UHF AFSATCOM transpondersThe satellites also have a 60 GHz crosslink to enable it to communicate with other Milstars<  1h.  Milstar 1-1H}  5 :(3=F" Milstar 1-19 : # ,Also called USA 0991  k '  Generalg : G#^@") Designation22988 / 94009A[k - A#R4Launch date7 Feb 1994t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,-  M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsf G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit120Wk M#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4g R J#d:$Mass at launch4670 kg& x # 8R ' "(Technical data5 x ) ";Details< !1-..!iBMilstar 1-2H i5 :(3=F" Milstar 1-29!# ,Also called USA 1151 i'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation23712 / 95060A[A#R4Launch date6 Nov 1995t':@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited @ Statesy,@M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications\@@A#R6,Geostationary orbit4Eo"@YAM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #14T0@A$ `This satellite is estimated worth $1 billion8YAA' "(Technical data5 AB) ";Details< AVB1'h.VBBEMilstar 2-1HBB5 :(3=F" Milstar 2-11 VBB'  GeneralYB(CG#^$") Designation`BCA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1998t'(CCM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,CuDM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: TelecommunicationsYCDA#R0,Geostationary orbitkuD9EM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4[7DE$ nMedium Data Rate payload (4.8 kbps upto 1.544 Mbps)19EE1WEF?FT+EF) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&E?F# AFF1-8/FFHProgram: MinisatM?FF5 :2B`F" Program: MinisatS'F H, &OGKTSpanish microsatellite bus and program. Designed with low costs in mind, the bus is modular and aimed at the Pegasus launcher3 different buses are available: Minisat 0 (for varius scientific payloads), Minisat 1 (for remote sensing applications) and Minisat 2 (for communication payloads)<F\H' *O External resources]6 HH' lhttp://www.laeff.esa.es/~trapero/EURD/minisat.html1\HH1H@IV#H@I3 6FAK&Program: MinisatMinisat 01; H{I1 {IIMinisat 01G@II5 :&B`F" Minisat 011 {II'  Generalg IZJG#^@") Designation24779 / 97018A[IJA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1997lZJ!KM#j>"N ,qn͉Country of originSpainu(JKM#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV Astronomy`!KKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee562 / 581 kmj)K`LA#RRInclination151 (inclination record)TKLA#R&Period96.1 mino"`L#MM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #17_LMA#R<Launch siteCanary Islands>#MN% 33 experiments are onboard: EURD (a spectrograph that will study the background radiation in the extreme ultraviolet range), LEGRI (will study the low energy gamma radiation from astronomic sources) and CPLM (to study the behaviour of liquid bridges in microgravity conditions).<MN' *O External resources_8N[O' phttp://www.laeff.esa.es/~trapero/EURD/satellite.html8NO' "(OTechnical data8[OO' " SpecificationsZO1A#R2O1@I&Prime contractorCASAWOA#R,PlatformMinisat 0Z1‗A#R2"Mass at launch195 kgS5A#R$ Mass in orbitf%‗A#RJDimension2.487 x 2.554 x 1.170 mi(5A#RPSolar array4 panels, 45 W per panelY]A#R0 Stabilization1 axisN A#RDC powerU]A#R($Design lifetimeq% Data can be stored onboard (32 Mb) and transmitted at 1 Mbps through a 5 W S-band linkTransmits on 2.223 GHz8΃1./΃dMiranda@2 4"  Miranda4΃B# "Also called X41 s'  Generalg BڄG#^@") Designation07213 / 74013A[s5A#R4Launch date9 Mar 1974u(ڄM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomo(5G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation^wA#R:"Perigee/Apogee677/865 kmV͆A#R*Inclination97.9Uw"A#R(Period100.3 minm ͆M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #86Y"臗A#R0"Mass at launch93 kg|Xd$ Built and operated by the RAE. Tested a stabilization system, solar panels and cells5臗1K8/-Έ茗Mika5 dΈ, (" Mika1 '  Generalg ΈfG#^@") Designation04345 / 70017B\‰A#R6Launch date10 Mar 1970m f/M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceU‰G#^"H̀Mission_/㊗A#R<"Perigee/Apogee302/1180 kmU8A#R(Inclination5.4T㊗A#R&Period99.6 minn!8M#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #5@:$ 8First launch from Kourou5o'  End of lifeU:ČA#R(Decay9 Sep 1974$o茗" > Č&1-0&t Program: MomoN茗t8 @.[G" Program: Momo&=0 .3 Means "peach tree"Also called MOS (Marine Observation Satellite)Japanese remote sensing program. Mission: observethe oceans and marine/land phenomena, measure sea surface temperature and color, suspended sediment, stratospheric water vapor, ice and snow, vegetation characteristics and land use, geology, cartography, environmental monitoring, oceanography, etc.Orbital cycle: 17 days (237 periods)<ty' * External resourcesnG= ' http://www.eoc.nasda.go.jp/guide/guide/satellite/satdata/mos_e.htmly 茗1y=1=a' : DNӔV$W$Program: MomoMomo 1AMomo 1B1=1U:×^×; # 0Momo's specificationsYcA#R00&Prime contractorNECZ A#R20"Mass at launch740 kgb!c—A#RB0Dimension1.26 x 1.48 x 2.4 mf%—A#RJ0Solar arrayasymmetric, 2 x 5.3 mY——A#R00 Stabilization3 axis\—:×A#R60$Design lifetime2 years$—^×" 1:××1U×ʗ=ʗ4^××# "Momo's payloadk>×.ė- *|  MESSR (Multispectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer) ×9ŗE#X0Wavebands0.51-0.59 m (visible): water body mapping0.61-0.69 m (visible): vegetation differentiation0.72-0.80 m (near IR): imaging through haze0.80-1.10 m (near IR): land/water separationT.ėŗA#R&0Resolution50 mW9ŗŗA#R,0Swath width100 kmZ-ŗ>Ɨ- *Z  VTIR (Visible and Thermal IR Radiometer)P ŗǗE#X0Wavebands0.50-0.70 m (visible): snow. ice and cloud6-7 m (water vapor band): upper atmosphere water vapor, cirrus10.5-11.5 m (thermal IR): ocean currents. sea surface temperature, snow10.5-12.5 m (thermal IR): ocean currents. sea surface temperature, snowo.>ƗǗA#R\0Resolutionvisible: 0.9 km; others: 2.7 kmXǗUȗA#R.0Swath width1500 kmU(Ǘȗ- *P  MSR (Microwave Scanning Radiometer)fUȗRɗB#T0Wavebands23.8 +/- 0.2 GHz: water vapor, rain and snowfall31.4 +/- 0.25 GHz: ice, cloud, snowfallp/ȗɗA#R^0Resolution32 km in 23 GHz and 23 in 31 GHzWRɗʗA#R,0Swath width317 km$ɗ=ʗ" 8ʗuʗ1 /uʗʗϗMomo 1AH=ʗʗ8 @"[G" Momo 1A8uʗʗ# *Also called MOS 1A1 ʗ&˗'  Generalg ʗ˗G#^@") Designation17527 / 87018A\&˗˗A#R6Launch date19 Feb 1987l˗U̗M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapank˗̗M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^U̗͗A#R:"Perigee/Apogee907/909 kmT̗r͗A#R&Inclination99U͗͗A#R(Period103.2 minfr͗-ΗM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2&͗SΗ# 5-ΗΗ'  End of lifeWSΗΗA#R,"Out of serviceyes&Ηϗ# 8Η=ϗ' "(Technical datao=ϗϗ2 4zM܀n‰SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 136.12 MHz8=ϗ 1({/ TJMomo 1Bϗ ϗHϗT8 @"[G" Momo 1B8 # *Also called MOS 1B1 T'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation20478 / 90013A[A#R4Launch date7 Feb 1990l$M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapankVM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee907/909 kmTVA#R&Inclination99U]A#R(Period103.2 minfM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1&]# 5'  End of life_}A#R<"Out of service19 May 1996&# 8}' "(Technical datao=J2 4zM܀n‰SpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 136.12 MHzA1 /2Program: MorelosQJ8 @4{" Program: Morelos> J5'e` w퉂 Mexican telecommunication program operated by Telecomm. The program has been replaced by Solidaridad.This program is now controlled by Satmex11`{:`A Rttz6wFFFProgram: MorelosMorelos 1Morelos 2Morelos 311U  >`# 6Morelos's specifications\+A#R60&Prime contractorHughesTA#R&0PlatformHS-376[+A#R40"Mass at launch1140 kgY3 A#R00 Mass in orbit666 kgT A#R&0Diameter2.16 mZ3 A#R20Height6.6 m deployedb! C A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedX A#R.0DC powerBOL: 940 W]C A#R80$Design lifetime10 years$  " 1 M 1UM 6 # &Morelos's C-band[M A#R40(Main transponders12+6\ : A#R60,Backup transponders4+2a B#T0Power(6+2) transponders of 72 MHz: 10.5 W (TWTA)(12+4) transponders of 36 MHz: 7.5 W (TWTA)H: g B#T0Bandwidth(6+2) transponders of 72 MHz(12+4) transponders of 36 MHzT A#R&0CoverageMexicoTg A#R&0EIRP max39 dBWU dA#R(0G/T max3.6 dB/KXA#R.0Polarizationlinear$d" 11UB3B7H# (Morelos's Ku-bandXA#R.0(Main transponders4ZH @A#R20,Backup transponders2 @Vb@A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)V @@A#R*0Bandwidth108 MHzTb@ AA#R&0CoverageMexicoT@`AA#R&0EIRP max40 dBWU AAA#R(0G/T max1.6 dB/KZ`ABA#R20Polarizationlinear H$A3B" \+BB1BCMorelos' C-band transponder frequency charts93BC: Dtback()"  Morelos' C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)&B(C# nC@D#$uxyqy * X v   HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderChannelVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplink(CD#ڀ8uxyqy &*3.7201W/L15.945@DE#ڀ4uxyqy"05.9651N23.740D!F#ڀ8uxyqy &*3.7601W/U35.985EF#ڀ4uxyqy"06.0052N43.780!FaG#ڀ8uxyqy &*3.8003W/L56.025FH#ڀ4uxyqy"06.0453N63.820aGH#ڀ8uxyqy &*3.8402W/U76.065H@I#ڀ4uxyqy"06.0854N83.860HI#ڀ8uxyqy &*3.8803W/L96.105@IJ#ڀ6uxyqy$26.1255N103.900I#K#ڀ:uxyqy (,3.9203W/U116.145JK#ڀ6uxyqy$26.1256N123.940#KeL#ڀ:uxyqy (,3.9604W/L136.185KM#ڀ6uxyqy$26.2057N143.980eLM#ڀ:uxyqy (,4.0004W/U156.225MGN#ڀ6uxyqy$26.2458N164.020MN#ڀ:uxyqy (,4.0405W/L176.265GNO#ڀ6uxyqy$26.2859N184.060N7#ڀ:uxyqy (O73B,4.0805W/U196.305O؀#ڀ8uxyqy&46.32510N204.1007z#ڀ:uxyqy (,4.1206W/L216.345؀#ڀ8uxyqy&46.36511N224.140z#ڀ:uxyqy (,4.1606W/U236.385^#ڀ8uxyqy&46.40512N244.180$" 1^1U;_^7' nMorelos' Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)c#uxyx * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkt#2uxyx"11.7641K14.064!t#2uxyx"11.8882K14.188t#2uxyx"12.0123K14.312!;t#2uxyx"12.1364K14.436$_" : ;11㇘JMorelos 1J_㇘8 @&{" Morelos 11 '  Generalg ㇘{G#^@") Designation15824 / 85048B\׈A#R6Launch date17 Jun 1985m {DM#j@"N ,Country of originMexicoo"׈M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications`DA#R>,Geostationary orbit113.5Wj}M#j:" &QLaunch vehicleSTS 25&# 5}؊'  End of life^6A#R:"Out of serviceMarch 1994&؊\# 86' "(Technical dataq\JE Zb<rz/+loz"USpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart: 11z1ΌMorelos 2JJΌ8 @&{" Morelos 21 '  Generalg ΌfG#^@") Designation16274 / 85109B\A#R6Launch date27 Nov 1985m f/M#j@"N ,Country of originMexicoo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!/G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit116.8WjpM#j:" &xLaunch vehicleSTS 31&# 8pΏ' "(Technical datarF \b<rz/+ΏJloz"USpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart=Ώ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E0 0*33C-bandKu-band1E1EV&0 0N"Morelos 2's C-band EIRP coverage1E1#˜W'#˜0 0P"Morelos 2's Ku-band EIRP coverage: ]˜11]˜˜TMorelos 3F#˜˜5 :${" Morelos 36]˜˜# &Renamed SatMex 51 ˜ Ø'  GeneralY˜cØG#^$") DesignationZ ØØA#R2Launch datelate 1998m cØ*ĘM#j@"N ,Country of originMexicoo"ØĘM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications`*ĘĘA#R>,Geostationary orbit116.8WjĘcŘM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeYĘŘG#^$Launch sited?cŘ Ƙ% ~coverage: from Canada to ArgentinaTotal cost: $230 million8ŘXƘ' "(OTechnical data= ƘƘ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)f/XƘƘ7 >^3}[9\9C-bandKu-band, beam 1Ku-band, beam 28Ƙ3ǘ' " Specifications\ƘǘA#R6&Prime contractorHughesV3ǘǘA#R*PlatformHS-601HP[ǘ@ȘA#R4"Mass at launch3550 kg_ǘȘA#R< Mass in orbitBOL: 2000 kgg&@ȘɘA#RLDimension4.9 x 2.8 x 3.8 m stowed`ȘfɘA#R>Solar array26.2 m deployedYɘɘA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTfɘʘA#R&DC power7615 W]ɘpʘA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&ʘʘ# 0 pʘʘ'  C-bandYʘ˘A#R0(Main transponders24Yʘx˘A#R0,Backup transpondersV˘˘A#R*Power36 W (TWTA)Ux˘#̘A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzT˘w̘A#R&Coverage1 beamW#̘̘A#R,G/T max- 3.0 dB/KTw̘"͘A#R&EIRP max38 dBWR̘t͘A#R"Polarization&"͘͘# 1 t͘͘'  Ku-bandY͘$ΘA#R0(Main transponders24Y͘}ΘA#R0,Backup transpondersE$ΘϘB#TPower12 transponders: 110 W (TWTA)12 transponders: 132 W (TWTA)U}ΘYϘA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzEϘ N#l*[9\9Coveragebeam 1: Mexico and CONUSbeam 2: Canada to ArgentinaYϘ #˜f$YϘrB#THEIRP maxku1: 49 dBWku2: 46 dBWj( B#TPG/T maxku1: 1.5 dB/Kku2: -1.5 dB/KRr.A#R"Polarization&T# 1.1WT+T) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 1010V&0 0N"Morelos 3's C-band EIRP coverage101W 1T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&1# 1 b1b^.10 0^"Morelos 3's Ku-band beam 1 EIRP coverage1b1WEkT+E) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&k# 1E1^.k0 0^"Morelos 3's Ku-band beam 2 EIRP coverage1+1W+T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&+# 710Ճ2GMSAT 17 , (" MSAT 11 D'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23846 / 96022A\DA#R6Launch date20 Apr 1996m tM#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadat$P#pH(OOperatorTMI Communicationso"tWM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit106.5Wn!W- M#jB" &2!Launch vehicleAriane V85 3 4-S NgThis satellite is a twin of AMSC 1. Both satellites were ordered at the same time (with separate contracts). Both operators will provide complementary mobile telephone, radio, data, and positioning service to land, aviation, and maritime users. Each operator also will provide the other with backup and restoration capacity.Should move to 101W and be jointly operated by AMSC and TMI in mid-1998<- 2 ' *O External resourcesB t ' 6http://www.msat.tmi.ca/82 ' "(OTechnical data8t ' " SpecificationsC i B#T&Prime contractorSPARHughes (bus) and SPAR Aerospace (payload)T A#R&PlatformHS-601[i  A#R4"Mass at launch2830 kgZ r A#R2 Mass in orbit1600 kgd# A#RFDimension2.5 m x 3.5 m x 7.9 m]r 3A#R8Solar array20.96 m spanY A#R0 Stabilization3 axisY3A#R0DC powerBOL: 4000 W]BA#R8$Design lifetime12 years @% Springback antennas: 6.7 x 4.9 m x 20 kg (for launch the 2 antennas as rolled together into a 4.9 m high cone shape atop the satellite)B @N'BZ@' N L-band (1545-1559/1646.5-1660.5 MHz)Y @@A#R0(Main transponders16ZZ@ AA#R2,Backup transponders4V@cAA#R*Power38 W (SSPA)O AAA#RBandwidthWcALBC#VCoverageNorth America (4 spot beams)Alaska and Hawaii (1 beam)Carribean (1 beam)TABA#R&EIRP max57 dBWELBD' =Total bandwith: 3200 x 5 KHzEach beam transponder is equipped with eight surface acoustic wave filters covering the 29 MHz L-band allocation, allowing selection of filters to math traffic needs and to coordinate with other international users. Frequency reuse is incorporated between the North American east and west beams. The beams are combined into two L-band power pools, one covering the east and central beams, and the other covering the remaining service areas. Each power pool is generated by a hybrid matrix amplifier assembly.1 BE'  Ku-bandXDnEA#R.(Main transponders1ZEEA#R2,Backup transponders2WnEFA#R,Power100 W (TWTA)OEnFA#RBandwidthy8FFA#RpCoverageCONUS, Carribean, Canada, Alaska and HawaiiTnF;GA#R&EIRP max37 dBWRFGA#R"Polarization<;GG$ 0Beacon: 11.70275 MHzFGH123HUHProgram: Morning StarFGUH, (6" Program: Morning StarH;J( }Morning Star is Delaware-based LLC company. It plans to launch 4 satellites to offer services such as high speed data, voice, and interactive video communications. The systems uses Ku-band as forward path and Ka-band as return path. The system should be operational in May 2002.Although FCC has granted authorization for Ka-band operations in May 1997, Ku-band operations in delayed. Cost: $847 millionGEO slots: 147W, 107.5W, 62W, 30E8UHsJ' "(OTechnical data@;JJ' 2 Ku-band (forward path)YsJ KA#R0(Main transponders16YJeKA#R0,Backup transpondersK KKA#RPowerUeKLA#R(Bandwidth24 MHzN KSLA#RCoverageJ LLA#REIRPRSLLA#R"Polarization&LM# W0LlM' ` Ka-band (return path, up to 64 kbps channels)WMMA#R,(Main transpondersYlMNA#R0,Backup transpondersK MgNA#RPowerONNA#RBandwidthN gNOA#RCoverageN NROA#REIRP maxROOA#R"Polarizationc!ROB#TBFrequenciesUplink:DownOGlink:gO$ a single steerable spot will be used for Ku-band uplink and Ka-band downlink to the control center.1π1Wπ#IT+#) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&πI# > #14Ճ2e3сԃProgram: MSTIJIс5 :,yG" Program: MSTI; ) % Miniature Seeker Technology IntegrationUS technological program lead by the Air Force Phillips labs. Previously funded by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), the MSTI program is now under the direction of USAF. It is probably mostly of military interest<сH' * External resources^ ԃ. ,http://www.actgate.com/msti3/default.htmlhttp://www.plk.af.mil/PLhome/SUCCESS/msti.html1H1to.ԃtA R\޲xxxProgram: MSTIMSTI 1MSTI 2MSTI 371V3 MSTI 1Gt8 @ yG" MSTI 11 #'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22229 / 92078Ah'#A#RNLaunch date21 Nov 1992 at 13:45 UTt'fM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso(ՆG#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation^f3A#R:"Perigee/Apogee289/366 kmVՆA#R*Inclination96.7T3݇A#R&Period91.1 minn!KM#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #116Z݇A#R2"Mass at launch135 kg}KG% Designed to test instruments for star war. Two other satellites should be launched.Cost of the 3 satellites: $19 million<' *O External resourcesbG. ,http://www.actgate.com/msti3/msti1.htmlhttp://www.spectrumastro.com/Programs/Msti/MSTI1.asp8K' "(OTechnical data8' " Specificationsd#K犙A#RF&Prime contractorSpectrum AstroX?A#R.PlatformARPA ASSTDT犙A#R&"Mass at launchS?拙A#R$ Mass in orbitO5A#RDimensionQ拙A#R Solar arrayS5ٌA#R$ StabilizationN 'A#RDC powerUٌ|A#R($Design lifetime&'# 7|ٍ1^303 ٍ ęMSTI 2G 8 @ yG" MSTI 21 ٍQ'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23101 / 94028Ag&QA#RLLaunch date9 May 1994 at 02:47 UTt'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_ G#^0"H̀MissionTechnology ^jA#R:"Perigee/Apogee411/427 kmV A#R*Inclination97.1TjA#R&Period92.9 minn!M#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #118ZA#R2"Mass at launch135 kg5Ù' It was the last of the now discontinued Scout series. The satellite successfully tracked a Minuteman III ICBM on June 8, 1994, and collected over 3 million images for analysis during its mission.On 15 Sep 1997 this spacecraft passed by Mir, only at 470 m distance!5FÙ'  End of life\ÙÙA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1994&FÙÙ# <Ùę' *O External resourcesbÙę. ,http://www.actgate.com/msti3/msti2.htmlhttp://www.spectrumastro.com/Programs/Msti/MSTI2.asp7ęę1V3 ęř͙MSTI 3Gęř8 @ yG" MSTI 31 ęCř'  Generalg řřG#^@") Designation23868 / 96031A\CřƙA#R6Launch date17 May 1996t'řzƙM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_ƙƙG#^0"H̀MissionTechnologyk*zƙDǙA#RT"Perigee/Apogee425 km (sunsynchronous)TƙǙA#R&Inclination97L DǙǙA#RPeriodo"ǙSșM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #11ZǙșA#R2"Mass at launch211 kgH!Sșʙ' CExperimental satellite to collect data on short- and medium-wave infrared band, radiating from ground features, bodies of water and atmospheric bodies, such as clouds. Will demonstrate more sophisticated sensors and data gathering capabilities.On 19 Oct 1997 the Army's Miracl laser was tested against it. Two beams were fired, the first of less than one second duration (in order to lock on to the satellite) and the second of about 10 seconds (in order to kill it). It is believed the experiment failed, the satellite was not destroyed.<ș1˙' *O External resourcesʙ̙6 :9http://www.actgate.com/msti3/msti3.htmlhttp://www.spectrumastro.com/Programs/Msti/MSTI3.asphttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/asat/miracl.htm81˙;̙' "(OTechnical datab;̙͙' wBuilt by Spectrum Astro IncMTSI 3 is about 3 m long and 1 m in diameterPayload: MWIR camera, SWIR camera, and a visible imaging spectrometer (provided by Science Applications International Corporation (San Diego, CA)) The vehicle also has a 12 channel onboard GPS receiver for real time orbit determination. 4;̙͙1 3^4 ͙ ΙMSX< ͙ Ι2 4"  MSXG!͙TΙ& B Middlecourse Space Experiment1 ΙΙ'  Generalg TΙΙG#^@") Designation23851 / 96024A\ΙHϙA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1996t'ΙϙM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States<HϙKG#^xϙK͙OperatorBallistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO)UϙG#^"H̀Mission^KA#R:"Perigee/Apogee896/906 kmTRA#R&Inclination99L A#RPeriodp#RM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #235[iA#R4"Mass at launch2600 kgE' =Will study the infrared, visible and ultraviolet signatures of ballistic missiles in their midcourse phase (after the launch vehicle rocket plume has shut down). MSX will also perform civilian scientific research, with atmospheric observations and astronomical studies. It will provide data on small debris in space.Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory built the MSX spacecraft for the BMDO. The Spirit III cryogenic-cooled infrared sensor system was supplied to BMDO by Utah State University/Space Dynamics Laboratory.J&i$ LReleased a few tiny sub-satellites<4' * External resourcesn@. ,http://msx.nrl.navy.milhttp://www.mrcnh.com/msx/index.htm84' "(OTechnical dataM)'$ RTelemetry: 2282.5 MHzData: 8475.0 MHz1 X' O Payload?'D V    _BSPIRIT III: 0.34m Spatial IR Imaging Telescope, 2.5 -28 micronsUVISI: UV and Visible Imagers and Spectrographic ImagersCIC: Contamination Instrumentation Complement (to study outgassing and contamination of optical surfaces)SBV: Space Based Visible camera, 0.15m telescope/CCDSpirit III is the first cryogenic infrared telescope to use solid hydrogen instead of the liquid helium that has been used by infrared astronomy satellites in the past. The hydrogen will maintain the dewar at 8.5K.6X1( e34  AMTSat6  , (" MTSatJ'M # NMulti-functional Transport Satellite1  ~ '  GeneralYM G#^$") DesignationY~ 0 A#R0Launch datemid 1999l M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan40 # S#vh"H̀(‰DVMissionTelecommunications and meteorology^ A#R:,Geostationary orbit140E^# G#^." &Launch vehicleH2Y 8 G#^$Launch site8  p / ,vSJapanese system for air traffic control and weather observation. Ordered by the Japanese Ministry for Transport & Meteorological agency to Space Systems/Loral ($102 million).Possible option for a second satellite in 2004Is the successor of the GMS program<8 ' *O External resourcesL%p ' Jhttp://www.mpt.go.jp/index-e.html8 0' "(OTechnical data8 h' " SpecificationsZ0A#R2&Prime contractorSS/LUhA#R(PlatformFS-1300TkA#R&"Mass at launchSA#R$ Mass in orbitOk@A#R@DimensionQj@A#R Solar arrayS@@A#R$ StabilizationN j@ AA#RDC powerU@`AA#R($Design lifetimep AA& Would operate in UHF-, L-, S-, Ku- and Ka-bandWeather sensor built by ITT Aerospace/Commnucations division1`A'B1W'B{BBT+A{B) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&'BB# 8{BB1^4@4BCjKMublcom8 BC, (" Mublcom1 BBC'  GeneralYCCG#^$") DesignationUBCCA#R(Launch date1998t'CdDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUCDG#^"H̀MissionTdD EA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQD^EA#R InclinationL EEA#RPeriodn!^EFM#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL{TEG' Operated by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Estimed project cost: $15 millionThe MUBLCOM system will address the military's need for secure, mobile, terrain-independent, all-weather communications. It will support combat network radios, as well as special missions such as long-range surveillance and fire support. 8FG' "(OTechnical data8GH' " Specifications]G`HA#R8&Prime contractorOrbitalWHHA#R,PlatformMicrostarT`H IA#R&"Mass at launchSH^IA#R$ Mass in orbitO IIA#RDimensionQ^IIA#R Solar arraySIQJA#R$ StabilizationN IJA#RDC power\QJJA#R6$Design lifetime2 yearsoKJjK$ Payload and hand-held terminals provided by Torrey Science Corporation 1JK1WKKLT+jKK) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&KL# 6KKL145KLL!Musat6 LL, (" Musat?KLL# 8Also called Microsatelite1 LL'  Generalg LXMG#^@") Designation24291 / 96050Ah'LMA#RNLaunch date29 Aug 1996 at 05:22 UTp#XM0NM#jF"N ,㉕U剂Country of originArgentina_MNG#^0"H̀MissionScientific_0NNA#R<"Perigee/Apogee244/1192 kmVNDOA#R*Inclination62.8L NOA#RPeriodeDO G#^<" &Launch vehicleMolniya MO L^OjA#R:Launch sitePlesetsk LC43 P) {Small experimental payload from the Instituto Universitario Aeronautico de Cordoba, ArgentinaThe launch costed $200,000The satellite carries 2 CCD cameras (70 m and 2 km resolution)8j' "(OTechnical data8P' " SpecificationsVA#R*&Prime contractorN dA#RPlatform[A#R4"Mass at launch34.5 kgXdA#R. Mass in orbit32 kg^uA#R:Dimension33 x 43 x 50 cmQƃA#R Solar arraySuA#R$ StabilizationN ƃgA#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetimee@g!% Beacon: 137.95 MHzData & telemetry: 400.95 MHz & 2260.5 MHz6W1;@4!5WMyojo> !2 4"  MyojoZ1W) "b Also called VEP (Vehicle Evaluation Payload)1 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation22979 / 94007B[ ↚A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1994lNM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan[↚G#^(OperatorNASDA_NG#^0"H̀MissionTechnology`hA#R>"Perigee/Apogee430/36114 kmWA#R,Inclination29.12VhA#R*Period641.95 minf{M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH2$" 8{׉1O55׉-Mysat 18 , (" Mysat 1=׉L$ 2Also called Tiungsat 11 }'  GeneralYL֊G#^$") Designationd#}:A#RFLaunch dateplanned in Mar 1998o"֊M#jD"N ,-Country of originMalaysia<:,G#^x"H̀MissionScientific: remote sensing & telecomunicationsTA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ,ьA#R InclinationL A#RPeriodiьM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitQ׍A#R Launch siteV'-/ ,Okdgpayload includes a 1 km resolution camera for meteorology (storm alert), a 80 m multispectral camera and a telecommunication transponder (HAM)Cost: $12 million50 kgBuilt by SSTL with engineers from Astronautic Technology Sdn Bhd (ATSB). The main ground station will be in Kuala Lumpur.1׍^1W^ T+-) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&^ #  -@L1_!51LšProgram: N StarL 5 :0Ǣa" Program: N Star.Lš4 6{O\򉂂Japanese telecommunication operated by NTT program that follows the Sakura series.The satellites will provide inter-orbit links, high quality DBS TV and mobile links. They will enable the use of cellular phones anywhere in Japan (in 1995 the existing cellular phone system covers 95% of Japan's populated areas but does not cover mountainous areas). This service will be provided by NTT's mobile phone unit, NTT Mobile Communications Network Inc.Designed to replace the Sakura 3A & 3B satellites1š1š\Úe+š\Ú: DV4) * Program: N StarN Star aN Star b1šÚ1UÚtǚǚ=\ÚÚ# 4N Star's specificationsi(Ú3ĚA#RP0&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralUÚĚA#R(0PlatformFS 1300[3ĚĚA#R40"Mass at launch3400 kgZĚ=ŚA#R20 Mass in orbit2050 kgUĚŚA#R(0Dry mass1617 kg`=ŚŚA#R>0Dimension3.1 x 2.4 x 2.2 mWŚIƚA#R,0Solar array27.3 mYŚƚA#R00 Stabilization3 axiso.IƚǚA#R\0DC power5200 W, nickel-hydrogen batteriesc"ƚtǚA#RD0$Design lifetime10 to 12 years$ǚǚ" 1tǚǚ1UǚEʚiʚ5ǚǚ# $N Star's S-bandXǚVȚA#R.0(Main transponders4YǚȚA#R00,Backup transpondersK VȚȚA#R0PowerOȚIɚA#R0Bandwidth\ȚɚA#R60CoverageJapan, 4 beamsN IɚɚA#R0EIRP maxRɚEʚA#R"0Polarization$ɚiʚ" 1Eʚʚ1Uʚ͚<͚5iʚʚ# $N Star's C-bandXʚ'˚A#R.0(Main transponders6Yʚ˚A#R00,Backup transpondersV'˚˚A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)O˚%̚A#R0BandwidthS˚x̚A#R$0CoverageJapanN %̚̚A#R0EIRP maxRx͚̚A#R"0Polarization$̚<͚" 1͚m͚1Um͚v6<͚͚# &N Star's Ku-bandXm͚͚A#R.0(Main transponders8Y͚TΚA#R00,Backup transpondersV͚ΚA#R*0Power40 W (TWTA)OTΚΚA#R0BandwidthSΚLϚA#R$0CoverageJapanN ΚϚA#R0EIRP maxRLϚ A#R"0PolarizationϚ <͚j)ϚvA#RR0FrequenciesDownlink: 12.19-12.91 GHz$ " 1v1 6# &N Star's Ka-bandYZA#R00(Main transponders11YA#R00,Backup transpondersVZ A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)OXA#R0BandwidthS A#R$0CoverageJapanN XA#R0EIRP maxRKA#R"0Polarizationj)A#RR0FrequenciesDownlink: 17.75-19.45 GHzkGK $ For military purposes & switched TDMA service on Ka-band multi-beam9Y1<6YN Star AE 5 :"Ǣa" N Star a1 Y'  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation23651 / 95044A\A#R6Launch date29 Aug 1995l6M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"mM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit132En!mAM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V77% An accident during transportation to the launch site damaged the spacecraft which delayed it. Was delivered in orbit in late October 19958A+' "(Technical data~9E Zr2⢙{݉⒙{݉33SpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-bandKa-band9+116' N Star BE' 5 :"Ǣa" N Star b1 X '  Generalg ' G#^@") Designation23781 / 96007A[X  A#R4Launch date5 Feb 1996l M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano" M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^ S A#R:,Geostationary orbit136En! M#jB" & E+Launch vehicleAriane V83&S # 8  ' "(Technical data~9 E Zr2⢙{݉⒙{݉33SpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-bandKa-band@ 1O17 ) @Program: NahuelL ) 5 :0xV" Program: Nahuel- V2 2/y/yArgentine first telecommunication program operated by Nahuelsat. The broadcasting license will be for 24 years, with an extension option for an additional 6 years. Nahuelsat is owned by three leading European aerospace companies -- Deutsche Aerospace (Germany), Aerospatiale (France), and Alenia Spazio (Italy). Other private corporate and institutional equity investors, mainly from Argentina, Brazil, and Europe, have acquired stakes in Nahuelsat as well. Telecom Argentina acquired 5.57 percent.D) @E X/yV倉CDD"/yThe Nahuelsat control center will be collocated with the Ground Station in the Buenos Aires area.V@ After an agreement with Embratel (the operator of Brasilsat) the system will be operated by the Brazilian company.In mid-Jan 1997 GE Americom acquired 17.25 percent of the $100-million equity of Nahuelsat S.A.1VA1ApAT!@pA3 6B"%ǀS_EProgram: NahuelNahuel 1A: AA1j AA)Nahuel 1AFpAA5 :$xV"  Nahuel 1A1 A!B'  Generalg ABG#^@") Designation24714 / 97002B\!BBA#R6Launch date30 Jan 1997p#BTCM#jF"N ,㉕U剂Country of originArgentinao"BCM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_TC"DA#R<,Geostationary orbit71.8Wn!CDM#jB" &6E+Launch vehicleAriane V93V2"DD$ dThe launch was also contracted with Long March8DE' "(OTechnical data=D[E' , EIRP coverage (dBW)e.EE7 >\t~t~t~Argentina beamBrazil beamLarge beam8[EE' " SpecificationsZERFA#R2&Prime contractorDASA[EFA#R4PlatformSpacebus 2000[RFGA#R4"Mass at launch1780 kgTF\GA#R&Dry mass828 kgs2GGA#RdDimensions1.64 x 1.46 x 2.2 m (22.3 deployed)Y\G(HA#R0 Stabilization3-axisYGHA#R0DC powerBOL: 3200 W](HHA#R8$Design lifetime12 years[7H9I$ ncontrol station at Benevidez, Buenos Aires province1 HjI'  Ku-bandY9IIA#R0(Main transponders18ZjIJA#R2,Backup transponders6VIsJA#R*Power55 W (TWTA)UJJA#R(Bandwidth54 MHzLsJiKU#z8,t~t~t~Coverage & EIRP maxArgentina: 50 dBWBrazil: 51 dBWLarge: 41 dBW\JKA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&iKK# K$K6L' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)"lKXM#< * X v  ƀȀ HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkBeam6LN#> "24t~111.73014.030A%XMN#"J$*.2(4t~t~14.04311.7432B / ANO#> "24t~311.79114.091A%N#"JOpA$*.2(4t~t~14.10411.8044B / AOF#> "24t~511.85214.152A%#"J$*.2(4t~t~14.16511.8656B / AFւ#> "24t~711.91314.213A%#"J$*.2(4t~t~14.22611.9268B / Aւf#> "24t~911.97414.274A )#@$,046t~14.28711.98710B f셛#@ $46t~1112.03514.335A )#@$,046t~14.34812.04812B 셛r#@ $46t~1312.09614.396A 5#@$,046t~14.40912.10914B r#@ $46t~1512.15714.457A 5#@$,046t~14.47012.17016B$#H (<>t~1711.4886713.77700L$I#H (<>t~1911.5496713.83800L$#H (<>t~2111.6106713.89900L$I׌#H (<>t~2311.6703413.95867LR.)$ \Transponder 23 only has 51.3 MHz bandwidth1׌Z1!ZX")6 S_E"Nahuel 1A's Large beam> i126)9$IProgram: NATONI8 @.{.G" Program: NatoXʏ) " North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationMilitary communications satellites for the NATO<I' *O External resouʏrcesʏ6 :http://www.nc3a.nato.int/csdiv/satcom/index.htmhttp://www.fafb.af.mil/nato/http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/nato_3.htm11%ad uga }b }CdCdCdCdCdCdProgram: NatoNato 1Nato 2Nato 3ANato 3BNato 3CNato 3DNato 4ANato 4B11U&›Û=7›# 4Nato 3's specificationsg&›A#RL,Downlink frequecies7.2 to 7.5 GHz\7››A#R6$Design lifetime7 years$›Û" 1›OÛ1'OÛǛ=ÛÛ# 4Nato 4's specificationsp/OÛÛA#R^&Prime contractorBritsh Aerospace (now MMS)QÛMěA#R PlatformECS[ÛěA#R4"Mass at launch1430 kgYMěśA#R0 Mass in orbit770 kgXěYśA#R.Payload mass215 kgQśśA#R Length2.2 mQYśśA#R Height2.3 mZśUƛA#R2Solar array16 m spanYśƛA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYUƛǛA#R0DC powerEOL: 1200 W\ƛcǛA#R6$Design lifetime7 years^4ǛǛ* $hBased on the design of the Skynet 4 satellites1cǛǛ1U(Ǜ5ʛYʛE"Ǜ7ț# DNato 4's UHF-band (250-315 MHz)XǛțA#R.0(Main transponders2Y7țțA#R00,Backup transpondersVț>ɛA#R*0Power25 W (TWTA)UțɛA#R(0Bandwidth25 KHzT>ɛɛA#R&0CoverageEuropeN ɛ5ʛA#R0EIRP max$ɛYʛ" 15ʛʛ1U)ʛ͛;͛5Yʛʛ# $Nato 4's X-bandXʛ˛A#R.0(Main transponders3Yʛp˛A#R00,Backup transpondersV˛˛A#R*0Power40 W (TWTA)]p˛#̛A#R80Bandwidth60 and 135 MHzT˛w̛A#R&0CoverageglobalN #̛̛A#R0EIRP maxRw̛͛A#R"0Polarization$̛;͛" 7͛r͛1N8*r͛͛TNato 1G;͛͛8 @ {.G" Nato 11 r͛͛'  Generalg ͛QΛG#^@") Designation04353 / 70021A\͛ΛA#R6Launch date20 Mar 1970kQΛϛM#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy,ΛϛM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsYϛ A#R0,Geostationary orbitϛ ;͛r%ϛ~M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #77& # 5~'  End of lifeW0A#R,"Out of serviceyes$T" 7017[8+SNato 2GT8 @ {.G" Nato 21 '  Generalg jG#^@") Designation04902 / 71009A[A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1971kj0M#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!0 A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowr%}M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #82& # 5}'  End of lifeW/A#R,"Out of serviceyes$S" 8/1N88,! Nato 3AHS8 @"{.G" Nato 3A1 '  Generalg kG#^@") Designation08808 / 76035A\A#R6Launch date22 Apr 1976kk2M#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications]2A#R8,Geostationary orbit18Ws&{M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #122ZA#R2"Mass at launch376 kg&{# 50 '  End of lifeW A#R,"Out of serviceyes&0 # 8 ' "(Technical data< ! ) "&>1Specifications8 Y 1{[88-Y Nato 3BH! 8 @"{.G" Nato 3B1 Y '  Generalg 9 G#^@") Designation09785 / 77005A\ A#R6Launch date28 Jan 1977k9 M#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy, y M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsY A#R0,Geostationary orbits&y E M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #128Z A#R2"Mass at launch680 kg&E # 5 '  End of lifeW QA#R,"Out of serviceyes& w# 8Q' "(Technical data<w) "&>1Specifications8#1:88.#kgCNato 3CHk8 @"{.G" Nato 3C1 #'  Generalg k@G#^@") Designation11115 / 78106@A\k@A#R6Launch date19 Nov 1978k@@M#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy,k@OAM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsY@AA#R0,Geostationary orbits&OABM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #146&AAB# 5BvB'  End of lifeWABBA#R,"Out of serviceyes&vBB# 8B+C' "(Technical data<BgC) "&>1Specifications8+CC1n 88/CC$MNato 3DHgCC8 @"{.G" Nato 3D1 CD'  Generalg CDG#^@") Designation15391 / 84115A\DDA#R6Launch date14 Nov 1984kDFEM#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy,DEM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!FE!FA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&EFM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #177&!FF# : FF- */ۀ LocationF~Gm#:   " BeginEndPositionFGj#.$(*L: 14 Nov 1984'~GHj#N,.Feb 1995Mar 199721W, inclined!GIj#BApr 199718.5W, inclined&HAI# 8IyI' "(OTechnical data8AII' " Specificationsd#yIJA#RF&Prime contractorFord AerospaceN IcJA#RPlatformTJJA#R&"Mass at launch[cJKA#R4 Mass in orbit385 kg ?p/JKA#R^Dimension2.13 m (diameter) x 2.74 m (high)QKKA#R Solar arraySK&LA#R$ StabilizationSKyLA#R$DC power500 WU&LLA#R($Design lifetimeV2yL$M$ dDownlinks in UHF- (250-315 MHz), C- and X-band8L\M18x90\MMTNato 4AH$MM8 @"{.G" Nato 4A1 \MM'  Generalg M'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22921 / 93076A[>A#R4Launch date8 Dec 1993kkM#j<"N ,ķ+‰Country of originNATOy,䃜M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!kFA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#䃜M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #224&F܄# : - */ۀ Location܄m#:   " BeginEndPosition!+j#B"68L: 8 Dec 1993Jan 19985Ej#*Mar 199820W&+І# 8' "(Technical datazAІ9 Be_f◞UȉSpecificationsUHF-bandX-bandAlso downlinks in C-band: 1h792-Netsat 28:, (" Netsat 28$ !Netsat 28 is a Delaware LLC which plans to launch this Ka-band satellite for data communications (on-demand rates from 64 kbps to 1.544 Mbps)1 ۈ'  GeneralY4G#^$") Designation`ۈA#R>Launch datebefore May 2002t'4M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"wM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]ԊA#R8,Geostationary orbit95W\w0G#^*" &Launch vehicleYԊG#^$Launch siteF"0ϋ$ DWill provide onboard switching8' "(OTechnical data1 ϋ8'  Ka-bandYA#R0(Main transponders48Y8ꌜA#R0,Backup transpondersK 5A#RPowerUꌜA#R(Bandwidth40 MHzN 5؍A#RCoverageN &A#REIRP maxR؍xA#R"PolarizationM&B#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.25-30.0 GHzDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHz&x-# 1^1W3^ T+-) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&^ #  -< H1)9:4HNilesat 101< , ("" Nilesat 1011 H'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25311 / 98024A\xA#R6Launch date28 Apr 1998lM#j>"N ,p$ Country of originEgypto"xSœM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\œA#R6,Geostationary orbit7Wo"SœÜM#jD" &g&\Launch vehicleAriane V108S,œqĜ' YOn the contract: 2 satellites (1 = ground spare) + 2 earth stations on the contract: total amount: $158 million for Matra Marconi Space. The second satellite could be modified and launched to cover more of the African continentTelesat Canada provided the consultancy to setup the whole system.<ÜĜ' * External resourcesEqĜĜ' <http://www.nilesat.com.eg/8Ĝ*Ŝ' "(Technical dataAĜkŜ) "0U EIRP coverage (dBW)8*ŜŜ' " Specificationsi(kŜ ƜA#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[ŜgƜA#R4PlatformEurostar 2000[ ƜƜA#R4"Mass at launch1840 kgTgƜǜA#R&Dry mass795 kg`ƜvǜA#R>Dimension2.3 x 2.4 x 1.7 mWǜǜA#R,Solar array21.5 mSvǜ ȜA#R$ StabilizationTǜtȜA#R&DC power3020 W] ȜȜA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&tȜȜ# 1 Ȝ(ɜ'  Ku-bandYȜɜA#R0(Main transponders12Z(ɜɜA#R2,Backup transponders6Pɜ+ʜA#RPower105 WUɜʜA#R(Bandwidth33 MHzh'+ʜʜA#RNCoverageMiddle East & North AfricaVʜ>˜A#R*EIRP max50.3 dBWRʜ˜A#R"Polarizationj)>˜˜A#RRFrequenciesdownlink: 11.7 - 12.5 GHzjE˜d̜% 2.3 m diameter onboard antennaPayload provided by Alcatel EspaceK$˜̜' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz),d̜<͜a#X  > TransponderPolarizationFrequencya̜͜R#t2H11.765a<͜͜R#t3V11.785a͜_ΜR#t4H11.804a͜ΜR#t5V11.823a_Μ!ϜR#t6H11.842aΜϜR#t7V11.861a!Ϝ R#t8H11.881Ϝ aϜmR#t9V11.900b R#t  10H11.919bm1R#t  11V11.938bR#t  12H11.957b1R#t  13V11.956bWR#t  14H11.996bR#t  15V12.015bWR#t  16H12.034b}R#t  17V12.053bR#t  18H12.072&}# 161W56T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&6# 116/N/6 <2W"Nilesat EIRP map1`1W7`T+/) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&`# @19 <8jProgram: NimbusPj8 @2[6T" Program: Nimbus& American experimental meteorology program operated by the NOAAThose satellites have given atmosphere temperature at different altitudes<jX' *O External resourcese>' |http://thunder.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/nimbusindex.html1X19nd ȀQ;CR;C KS;CT;CU;CV;CW;CProgram: NimbusNimbus 1Nimbus 2Nimbus 3ANimbus 3Nimbus 4Nimbus 5Nimbus 6Nimbus 791e::B ANimbus 1IB 8 @$[6T" Nimbus 11 s '  Generalg B G#^@") Designation00872 / 64052A\s 6 A#R6Launch date28 Aug 1964t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh6  M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^ p A#R:"Perigee/Apogee429/937 kmV A#R*Inclination98.7Tp  A#R&Period98.4 minp# M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[ A#R4Launch siteVandenbergZ ? A#R2"Mass at launch376 kg H@) A circular orbit was intended but a partial failure of Agena (early shutdown) caused an elliptical orbit instead.The project objectives were to provide improved photographs of local cloud conditions by an automatic picture transmission (APT) system, and to evaluate an advanced vidicon camera system for daylight coverage and a high-resolution infrared radiometer system for night-time cloud cover observation.First high resolution photos (27000 photos taken) Five hurricanes and two typhoons were spotted in photographing 70 percent of the world each day. The APT system supplied daytime photos to more than 60 low-cost ground stations. Radiometer photos we? H@re remarkably clear and covered a 12,500 square mile area.5? }@'  End of life_H@@A#R<"Out of service23 Sep 1964c"}@?AA#RDCausesolar panel drive failedV@AA#R*Decay16 May 1974$?AA" 9AA19}::;A;BCHNimbus 2IA;B8 @$[6T" Nimbus 21 AlB'  Generalg ;BBG#^@") Designation02173 / 66040A\lB/CA#R6Launch date15 May 1966t'BCM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh/C DM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`CkDA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1090/1174 kmW DDA#R,Inclination100.6SkDEA#R$Period108 minp#DEM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[EEA#R4Launch siteVandenbergc<ECH' yThe project objectives were to provide global weather photography on a 24-hour basis for meteorological research and operational use, and provide infrared data for study of earth's heat balance.Four sensor systems weighing a total of 142 pounds were carried. The advanced vidicon camera system (AVCS) included three 1-inch cameras with 800-line resolution designed to photograph a 800,000 square mile area. A high resolution infrared radiometer provided time and was expected to yield a variety of geophysical and atmospheric data including cloud height information.: E}H1e::<}HHNNimbus 3AJCHH8 @&[6T" Nimbus 3A:}HI# .Also called Nimbus B1 H2I'  General\IIG#^*") Designationn/a\2IIA#R6Launch date18 May 1968t'I^JM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshIJM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorologyp#^J6KM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[JKA#R4Launch siteVandenberg6KM- (ㅯ\&Two minutes after launch, a booster malfunction forced a command destruct. The booster and spacecraft fell into the Pacific Ocean between Vandenberg Air Force Base and San Miguel Island off the coast of California.The radioactive fuel for the two generators (plutonium 238) was contained in two high-strength alloy and graphite capsules, which had been designed and tested to withstand ocean impact and seawater corrosion in case of such an abort.5KM'  End of life_MNA#R<"Out of service18 May 1968[MtNA#R4CauseLauncher failure$NN" 9tNN1t :k;=NO\Nimbus 3INO8 @$[6T" Nimbus 31 NKO'  Generalg OOG#^@") Designation03890 / 69037A\KOA#R6Launch dateON14 Apr 1969t'OM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`VA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1069/1128 kmUA#R(Inclination100UVA#R(Period107.2 minp#pM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[˂A#R4Launch siteVandenbergp+ $} KNimbus 3 was a replacement for Nimbus 3A. Nimbus 3 was the first United States satellite to make night and day global measurements from space of temperatures of the atmosphere, both over extended periods and, for the first time, at varying levels vertically. While meteorological objectives were primary, this mission also gathered vital oceanographic data for scientific purposes other than solely for weather forecasting. Another mission objective was to provide data for the first experiment of the U.S.A. portion of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP), which was an international program of formulating and coordinating research for achieving long-range global weather forecasting.8˂셝' "(OTechnical data8$' " SpecificationsV셝zA#R*&Prime contractorN $ȆA#RPlatformTzA#R&"Mass at launchYȆuA#R0 Mass in orbit635 kgY·A#R0Dimension3 x 3.35 mQuA#R Solar arrayY·xA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN ƈA#RDC powerUxA#R($Design lifetimeAƈ\* $.ㅯ\&Has a SNAP engine91-:|;>މNimbus 4I\މ8 @$[6T" Nimbus 41 '  Generalg މvG#^@") Designation04362 / 70025A[ъA#R4Launch date8 Apr 1970t'vEM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshъM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`E A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1085/1097 kmVcA#R*Inclination99.9U A#R(Period107.1 minp#c(M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[A#R4Launch siteVandenberg`($ It made world-wide weather observations twice a day - once in daylight and once in darkness.8?' "(OTechnical data8w' " SpecificationsV?͎A#R*&Prime contractorN wA#RPlatformT͎oA#R&"Mass at launchYȏA#R0 Mass in orbit683 kgYo-A#R0ȏ-\Dimension3 x 3.35 mi(ȏA#RPSolar arraytwo panels: 0.91 x 2.44mS-A#R$ StabilizationS<A#R$DC power200 WUA#R($Design lifetime@<$ 8Transmits on 136.500 MHz9 1k;;? SʝNimbus 5IS8 @$[6T" Nimbus 5: # .Also called Nimbus E1 S'  Generalg %ÝG#^@") Designation06305 / 72097A\ÝA#R6Launch date11 Dec 1972t'%ÝÝM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshÝ]ĝM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`ÝĝA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1086/1098 kmV]ĝŝA#R*Inclination99.8UĝhŝA#R(Period107.1 minr%ŝŝM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #93`hŝ^Ɲ$ It was also used for testing advanced systems collecting meteorological and geological data.8ŝƝ' "(OTechnical data8^ƝƝ' " SpecificationsVƝ$ǝA#R*&Prime contractorN ƝrǝA#RPlatformT$ǝǝA#R&"Mass at launchYrǝȝA#R0 Mass in orbit790 kgYǝxȝA#R0Dimension3 x 3.35 mi(ȝȝA#RPSolar arraytwo panels: 0.91 x 2.44mSxȝ4ɝA#R$ StabilizationSȝɝA#R$DC power200 WU4ɝɝA#R($Design lifetime$ɝʝ" 9ɝ9ʝ1X|;:;@9ʝʝΝNimbus 6Iʝʝ8 @$[6T" Nimbus 6:9ʝʝ# .Also called Nimbus F1 ʝʝ'  Generalg ʝT˝G#^@") Designation07924 / 75052A\ʝ˝A#R6Launch date12 Jun 1975t'T˝$̝M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh˝̝M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`$̝̝A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1098/1111 kmV̝B͝A#R*Inclination99.8U̝͝A#R(Period107.4 mins&B͝ ΝM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #111e$͝oΝA#RH"Mass at launch829 kg or 911 kg?: ΝΝ$ ,Measures sea color9oΝΝ1Q ;AΝ+ϝL Nimbus 7IΝ+ϝ8 @$[6T" Nimbus 7:Νeϝ# .Also called Nimbus G1 +ϝϝ'  Generalg eϝ G#^@") Designation11080 / 78098Aϝ Ν\ϝhA#R6Launch date24 Oct 1978t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshhDM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee944/956 kmTDA#R&Inclination99SIA#R$Period104 minYA#R0 Orbital cycle6 dayss&IM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #145ZoA#R2"Mass at launch827 kg' Nimbus 7 was notable for providing the first daily mapping ozone concentration and the first global ocean color measurements. Data was for the first time used by ESASpacecraft and experiment data were transmitted to Earth stations immediately, or stored in an on-board high-speed tape recorder for subsequent playback when the satellite was in view of a ground acquisition station.<oU' *O External resourcesf' http://floeberg.colorado.edu:1733/docs/platform_documents/nimbus7_observatory_source_document.html8U' "(OTechnical data8R' " Specifications^A#R:&Prime contractorGE AstroYR A#R0 Stabilization3 axisCL ؀}                Equipped with numerous instruments: CZCS (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) out of service on 18 Dec 1986; ERBE (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment); LIMS (Limb IR Monitor of the Stratosphere) out of service mid 1989; SAM 2 (Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement 2) still working in 1992; SAMS (Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder) out of service in June 1983; SBUV/TOMS (Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) SBUV out of service in February 1987, TOMS still working in 1992; SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) out of service on 6 Jul 1988 and last but not least THIR (Temperature Humidity IR Radiometer) out of service in March 19856  1 :<B FNimiq6 L , (" Nimiq  $ GNimiq is an Inuit word for any object or force that unites things or binds them together. The name Nimiq was selected through a national contest in April 1998. 1 '  GeneralY G#^$") DesignationY b A#R0Launch dateDec 1998m M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao"b > M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications] A#R8,Geostationary orbit91Wj> M#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton 3 4IuGEO DBS satellite operated by Telesat Canada, the well known operator of Anik.The satellite should cost $240 million (in-orbit delivery). ExpressVu Inc. will acquire 17 of the 32 transponders.8:' "(OTechnical data8r' " Specificationsv5: @A#Rj&Prime contractorLockheed Martin / Spar Aerospacer @L Ura@A#R(PlatformA2100AX[ @@A#R4"Mass at launch3600 kgSa@AA#R$ Mass in orbitg&@vAA#RLDimension5.8 height x 2.4 x 2.4 mUAAA#R(Solar array27 mSvABA#R$ StabilizationYAwBA#R0DC powerEOL: 8600 W]BBA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&wBB# 1 B+C'  Ku-bandYBCA#R0(Main transponders32Y+CCA#R0,Backup transpondersPC-DA#RPower120 WUCDA#R(Bandwidth24 MHzN -DDA#RCoverageN DEA#REIRP maxM DkEA#RG/T maxZEEA#R2Polarizationcircular=kEDFB#TzFrequenciesuplink: 17.3-17.8 GHzdownlink: 12.2-12.7 GHznJEF$ The transponders can be dual-combined to provide 230 W per transponder> DFF1 <~@CF>GLProgram: NOAANF>G8 @.ZG" Program: NOAAFDH5 8 :ܗ+l^gNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSeries of American weather satellites which evolved from a long line of experimental and operational satellites beginning with Tiros 1. Operated by NOAA<>GH' *O External resourcesDHvI= Hshttp://ns.noaa.gov/NESDIS/NESDIS_Home.htmlhttp://140.90.207.25:8080/EBB/ml/nic00.htmlhttp://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/satsens/satellit/noaae.htmlhttp://poes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/5HI'  InstrumentsUvIL] ⑺    q  Instruments on all satellitesOther instruments are used occasionnaly:SBUV (Solar Backscatter UV radiometer) [on NOAA 11 onwards]: ozone distributionERBE (Earth Radiation Budget Experiment) [on NOAA 09 & 10]: radiation gains and losses (scanning instruments and non-scanner)SARSAT [on NOAA 08 onwards]Argos for data collection on NOAA second generation: 06 onwardsThe primary command and data acquisition (CDA) stations are located in Fairbanks, Alaska, and Wallops Island, Va.1I1L1D1LMOLM eTɑ܁ {݁ {ށ {߁ { { { { { {b {Y {Z {[ {\ {] {Program: NOAANOAA 01NOAA 02NOAA 03NOAA 04NOAA 05NOAA 06NOAA BNOAA 07NOAA 08NOAA 09NOAA 10NOAA 11NOAA 12NOAA 13NOAA 14NOAA 1511LM1UEMm]4MN) "h?NOAA's specifications (2nd generation: Tiros N)^MlNA#R:&Prime contractorGE Astron'NNG#^N?Platformbased on the Tiros N bus[lN5OA#R4"Mass at launch1418 kgYNOA#R0 Mass in orbit735 kgl+5O A#RVDimension3.71 m long x 1.88 m diameterO M^OjA#R:Solar array2.37 x 4.91 mY ÀA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN jA#RDC power\ÀmA#R6$Design lifetime3 years$" 1m1FL)# RNOAA's specifications (3rd generation)^lA#R:0&Prime contractorGE Astrov/₞G#^^0n~Platformevolved from NOAA 2nd generation[l=A#R40"Mass at launch1420 kg[₞A#R40 Mass in orbit~1050 kgl+=A#RVDimension4.18 m long x 1.88 m diameterY]A#R00 Stabilization3 axis\A#R60$Design lifetime3 years&]߄# m,LA#RX0*APT downlink freq.137.620 MHz (standby)c"߄A#RD0,HRPT downlink freq.1698.0 MHzWLA#R,0Beacon136.770 MHz]& Telemetry: 2247.5 MHz (8.32 or 16.64 kbps)Command: 2026.0 MHz (2 kbps)Data: (2.66 Mbps)11*GE"# DNOAA's payload (NOAA 9 onwards)b5a- *j  AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)ZF#Z0Wavebands0.58-0.68 m (visible): cloud, snow and ice monitoring0.725-1.10 m (near IR): water, vegetation and agriculture surveys3.55-3.93 m (near IR): sea surface temperature, volcano, forest fire activity10.3-11.3 m (thermal IR): sea surface temperature, soil moisture11.3-12.5 m (thermal IR): sea surface temperature, soil moistureVaWA#R*0Resolution1.1 kmXA#R.0Swath width3000 km[.W - *\O  TOVS (Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder)bG \      HIRS/2 (High Resolution IR Sounder): 20 channels in the 0.69 - 14 - 95 m band; 17.4 km resolutionSSU (Stratospheric Sounding Unit): step-scanned far IR spectrometer with 3 channels in the CO absorption band (15 m);147.3km resolutionMSU (Microwave Sounding Unit): passive 4-channel radiometer operating around 55 GHz; 109 km resolution8 닞1Q=H닞3^NOAA 01H38 @"ZG" NOAA 018닞k# *Also called Itos B1 3'  Generalg kG#^@") Designation04793 / 70106A\_A#R6Launch date11 Dec 1970t'ӍM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh_;M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`ӍA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1421/1471 kmW;A#R,Inclination101.3UGA#R(Period114.8 minr%M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #81\G!A#R6"Mass !at launch306.8 kg=^$ 2Images 24 hours a day8!13=M=IĞNOAA 02H^8 @"ZG" NOAA 028# *Also called Itos D1 G'  Generalg G#^@") Designation06235 / 72082A\G žA#R6Launch date15 Oct 1972t'~žM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh žžM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`~žFÞA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1446/1453 kmUžÞA#R(Inclination102UFÞÞA#R(Period114.9 minr%ÞbĞM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #91ZÞĞA#R2"Mass at launch340 kg$bĞĞ" 8ĞŞ14==JŞ`ŞcɞNOAA 03HĞ`Ş8 @"ZG" NOAA 038ŞŞ# *Also called Itos F1 `ŞŞ'  Generalg Ş0ƞG#^@") Designation06920 / 73086A[ŞƞA#R4Launch date6 Nov 1973t'0ƞƞM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshƞgǞM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`ƞǞA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1499/1508 kmWgǞȞA#R,Inclination102.2UǞsȞA#R(Period116.1 minr%ȞȞM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #98ZsȞ?ɞA#R2"Mass at launch340 kg$Ȟcɞ" 8?ɞɞ14M==Kɞɞ͞NOAA 04Hcɞɞ8 @"ZG" NOAA 048ɞʞ# *Also called Itos G1 ɞLʞ'  Generalg ʞʞG#^@") Designation07529 / 74089A\Lʞ˞A#R6Launch date15 Nov 1974t'ʞ˞M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh˞˞M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`˞K̞A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1442/1457 kmU˞̞A#R(Inclination102UK̞̞A#R(Period114.9 mins&̞h͞M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #104Z̞͞A#R2"Mass at launch340 kg$h͞͞" 8͞Ξ1=>LΞfΞNOAA 05H͞fΞ8 @"ZG" NOAA 058ΞΞ# *Also called Itos H1 fΞΞ'  Generalg Ξ6ϞG#^@") Designation09057 / 76077A\ΞϞA#R6Launch date29 Jul 1976t'6ϞM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StaϞ͞teshϞzM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1504/1520 kmWz1A#R,Inclination102.2UA#R(Period116.3 mins&1M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #126$" 8U1=>MUlNOAA 06H8 @"ZG" NOAA 068U# *Also called NOAA A1 '  Generalg mG#^@") Designation11416 / 79057A\A#R6Launch date27 Jun 1979t'm=M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^=A#R:"Perigee/Apogee785/800 kmVYA#R*Inclination98.7UA#R(Period100.7 minkYM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[tA#R4Launch siteVandenberg@* $,?Based on Tiros N5t'  End of life_HA#R<"Out of service31 Mar 1987$l" 7H1>>N NOAA BGl8 @ ZG" NOAA B1 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation11819 / 80043A\A#R6Launch date29 May 1980t'R M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology_R  A#R<"Perigee/Apogee264/1445 kmV o A#R*Inclination92.2U A#R(Period102.1 minko / M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[ A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&/ # 5 '  End of life_ D A#R<"Out of service29 May 1980i( A#RPCausefailed to reach a usable orbitUD  A#R(Decay3 May 1981& ( # 8 ` ' "(Technical data<( ) "&n~Specifications8` 1> >O  DNOAA 07H 8 @"ZG" NOAA 078 T# *Also called NOAA C1 '  Generalg TG#^@") Designation12553 / 81059A\HA#R6Launch date23 Jun 1981t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshH0@M#j6"H̀0@ l/MissionMeteorology^@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee828/847 kmV0@@A#R*Inclination98.9U@9AA#R(Period101.7 mink@AM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[9AAA#R4Launch siteVandenberg[AZBA#R4"Mass at launch1405 kg&AB# 5ZBB'  End of life\BCA#R6"Out of serviceJun 1986_BpCA#R<Causepower system failure&CC# 8pCC' "(Technical data<C D) "&n~Specifications8CBD1 >>PBDDNNOAA 08H DD8 @"ZG" NOAA 088BDD# *Also called NOAA E1 DD'  Generalg DZEG#^@") Designation13923 / 83022A\DEA#R6Launch date28 Mar 1983t'ZE*FM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshEFM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^*FFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee792/817 kmVFFGA#R*Inclination98.6SFGA#R$Period101 minkFGHM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[G_HA#R4Launch siteVandenbergdHH0 0Z {qWas a longer spacecraft than NOAA D (12) and was used to carry an additional Sarsat payload.5_H(I'  End of life_HIA#R<"Out of service29 Dec 1985j)(IIA#RRCauseclock and power system failures&IJ# 8IOJ' "(OTechnical data8JJ' " Specifications^OJJA#R:&Prime contractorGE Astrox1J]KG#^b?Platformbased on the Tiros N bus, extended\JKA#R6"Mass at launch1418 kg?Z]KLA#R2 Mass in orbit735 kg?k*K~LA#RTDimension6.8 m long x 1.88 m diameter_LLA#R<Solar array2.37 x 4.91 m?Y~L6MA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN LMA#RDC power\6MMA#R6$Design lifetime3 years&MN# 8M>N1 >7?Q>NNgNOAA 09HNN8 @"ZG" NOAA 098>NN# *Also called NOAA F1 NN'  Generalg NVOG#^@") Designation15427 / 84123A\NOA#R6Launch date12 Dec 1984t'VO2M#jN"N ,㹌לO2NCountry of originUnited StateshOM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^2A#R:"Perigee/Apogee835/858 kmXPA#R.Inclination99.158UA#R(Period101.8 minkPM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E[kA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&# 8kɂ' "(Technical dataO1 2<n~⑺SpecificationsPayloadq0ɂA#R`0*APT downlink freq.137.620 MHz (inoperative)c"샟A#RD0,HRPT downlink freq.1707.0 MHzWCA#R,0Beacon137.770 MHz$샟g" 8C1>N?R焟NOAA 10Hg焟8 @"ZG" NOAA 108# *Also called NOAA G1 焟P'  Generalg G#^@") Designation16969 / 86073A\PA#R6Launch date17 Sep 1986t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^MA#R:"Perigee/Apogee799/818 kmXA#R.Inclination98.549SMA#R$Period101 minkcM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E[A#R4Launch siteVandenbergT0c$ `The ERBE scanner had a scan sticking anomaly5G'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes&Gĉ# 8' "(Technical dataOĉK1 2<n~⑺SpecificationsPayloadm,A#RX0*APT downlink freq.137.500 MHz (standby)c"KA#RD0,HRPT downlink freq.1698.0 MHzWrA#R,0Beacon136.770 MHz$" 8r΋1+7?~?S΋ßNOAA 11H8 @"ZG" NOAA 118΋N# *Also called NOAA H1 '  Generalg N挟G#^@") Designation19531 / 88089A\BA#R6Launch date24 Sep 1988t'挟M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshBM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^|A#R:"Perigee/Apogee814/856 kmXԎA#R.Inclination99.059U|)A#R(Period101.9 minkԎM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E[) A#R4Launch siteVandenberg ' Studies ozoneThe attitude control subsystem lost two of its four gyros and was operated successfully with specialized onboard software.5 '  End of life\QA#R6"Out of serviceearly 95^A#R:Causereplaced by NOAA 14&Q# 8 Ÿ' "(Technical dataO\Ÿ1 2<n~⑺SpecificationsPayloadq0 ŸŸA#R`0*APT downlink freq.137.620 MHz (inoperative)c"\Ÿ0ßA#RD0,HRPT downlink freq.1707.0 MHzf%ŸßA#RJ0Beacon137.770 MHz (inoperative?)$0ßß" 8ßß1rN?i?Tß:ğ{ʟNOAA 12Hß:ğ8 @"ZG" NOAA 128ßrğ# *Also called NOAA D1 :ğğ'  Generalg rğ şG#^@") Designation21263 / 91032A\ğfşA#R6Launch date14 May 1991t' şşM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshfşBƟM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^şƟA#R:"Perigee/Apogee804/824 kmVBƟƟA#R*Inclination98.6UƟKǟA#R(Period101.2 minr(ƟǟJ#dP(Equator crossing19:30 northboundkKǟ(ȟM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E[ǟȟA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&(ȟȟ# 8ȟȟ' "(Technical dataOȟ0ɟ1 2<n~⑺SpecificationsPayloadm,ȟɟA#RX0*APT downlink freq.137.500 MHz (standby)c"0ɟʟA#RD0,HRPT downlink freq.1698.0 MHzWɟWʟA#R,0Beacon136.770 MHz$ʟ{ʟ" 8Wʟʟ1~?@UʟʟkNOAA 13H{ʟʟ8 @"ZG" NOAA 138ʟ3˟# *Also called NOAA I1 ʟd˟'  Generalg 3˟˟G#^@") Designation22739 / 93050A[d˟&̟A#R4Launch date9 Aug 1993t'˟̟M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh&̟͟M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^̟`͟A#R:"Perigee/Apogee846/860 kmV͟͟A#R*Inclination98.9S`͟ ΟA#R$Period102 mink͟tΟM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E: ΟΟ$ ,Cost: $100 million5tΟΟ'  End of life\Ο?ϟA#R6"Out of serviceAug 1993u4ΟϟA#RhCauseFailure (a screw damaged the power supply)&?ϟϟ# 8ϟ' "(ϟ{ʟTechnical dataMϟk0 0:n~⑺SpecificationsPayload81 i?@VNOAA 14Hk8 @"ZG" NOAA 148## *Also called NOAA J1 T'  Generalg #G#^@") Designation23455 / 94089Ah'T#A#RNLaunch date30 Dec 1994 at 10:02 UTt'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh#M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^]A#R:"Perigee/Apogee847/861 kmVA#R*Inclination98.9S]A#R$Period102 minkqM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E`A#R>Launch siteVandenberg SLC3q' It will replace NOAA 11 whose cloud cover imaging instrument had failed a few months ago. Besides an imaging radiometer, it carries optical sounders to monitor temperature and moisture content in the atmosphere, and counters to measure energetic electrons and protons. A gas leak caused some difficulties in attitude control shortly after launch, but this has been resolved. The motor for the Microwave Sounding Unit on the NOAA-14 spacecraft has stopped working. Records show the unit is from a delivery made to Martin Marietta dating back to 1984! The microwave sounder returned to normal operation in May 1995 after a software patch was installed to cope with any repeat failure. Its life expectancy remains uncertain.pF?* $qNOAA 14 also has a power-supply problem in its Sarsat receiver. 8w' "(Technical dataO?1 2<n~⑺SpecificationsPayload8w1|@WF KNOAA 15HF 8 @"ZG" NOAA 15@ # :Previously known as NOAA K1 F '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation25338 / 98030A\ z A#R6Launch date13 May 1998t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateshz V M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorologyk* A#RT"Perigee/Apogee833 km (sunsynchronous)VV  A#R*Inclination98.7S j A#R$Period101 mino" M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 2 #30[j 4 A#R4Launch siteVandenbergi 0 .Z {This is the first in a series of five satellites with improved imaging and sounding capabilities that will operate over the next 12 years.Will replace NOAA 12 After launch, the satellite had problems to deploy one of its antennas. The APT transmissions are disturbed. Nevertheless, high resolution transmissions are operational.Downlinks at 137.5 MHz<4 ' *O External resourcesM&V' Lhttp://poes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/klm.htm& |# 8V' "(OTechnical data8| @' " Specifications @Vb@A#R*&Prime contractorN @@A#RPlatform[b@ AA#R4"Mass at launch2232 kgS@^AA#R$ Mass in orbitk* AAA#RTDimension4.2 m long x 1.88 m diameter^^A'BA#R:Solar array2.73 x 6.14 mSAzBA#R$ StabilizationN 'BBA#RDC power^zB&CA#R:$Design lifetime> 2 years&BLC# 5&CC'  FrequenciesULCCA#R(Command2026 MHz_C5DA#R<Beacon137.77 & 137.35 MHzl+CDA#RV*APT downlink freq.137.5 & 137.620 MHz U5D7EA#R,HRPT downlink freq.1698 & 1707 MHz (665.4 kbps realtime or 2.6616 Mbps playback)p/DEA#R^2Data collection uplink401.65 MHz (400 bps)e$7E FA#RHTelemetry2247,5 MHz (8.32 kbps)\EhFA#R6SAR downlink1544.5 MHz& FF# d7hFF- *n  AVHRR/3 (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)FHG#\AWavebands0.58-0.68 m (1/ visible): cloud, snow and ice monitoring0.725-1.10 m (2/ near IR): water, vegetation and agriculture surveys1.58-1.64 m: (3A) snow, ice and cloud discrimination3.55-3.93 m (3B/ near IR): sea surface temperature, volcano, forest fire activity10.3-11.3 m (4/ thermal IR): sea surface temperature, soil moisture11.3-12.5 m (5/ thermal IR): sea surface temperature, soil moistureWF0IA#R,Resolution1.09 kmXHIA#R.Swath width3000 km&0II# [.I J- *\O  TOVS (Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder)KIK\          HIRS/3 (High Resolution IR Sounder)SEM/2 (Space Environnment Monitor): enhanced to measure a lower energy (0.05 keV) and a detector for 140+ MeVAMSU (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit): AMSU-A is a 15-channel unit while AMSU-B has got 5 channels.DCS/2 (Data Collection System): enhanced rate: 2560 bpsSBUB/21 JK1XK LL*K L# NOAAKL& NOAA L, M, N and N prime are still to come, built by Martin Marietta. N and N' will be launched after the end of the conturyNOAA N & N prime will use new APT frequencies: 137.1 & 137.9125 MHz1 L&M1WY&MzMMT+LzM) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&&MM# > zMM1<LCZM(NWProgram: NOSSJM(N5 :,rG" Program: NOSSMN& _Naval Ocean Surveillance System, also called ParcaeAmerican military ocean reconnaissance system. The first experimental satellite of this program could be 05678 / 71110AN'(NKO' N Whitecloud (1976-1987, 9 satellites)uN- ( The NOSS constellation consists of three orbital planes, each containing four satellites flying in formation; a main satellite and threKOMe sub-satellites. Some believe that the satellites periodically deploy solar sails to provide the propulsion required to maintain their precise formation flight.Another theory says the satellites would be connected by long (several km!) wires?Some of the NOSS launches carried a LIPS (Living Plume Shield) subsatellite. In those cases a jetisonable toroidal plume shield, which protected the satellite from the exhaust of the Star-37E motor, was fittet with some solar-cell experiments.KO% ?The use of the Star-37E motor for the NOSS launches is somewhat conjectural, but is performance fits good with the published wights of the NOSS satellites.J#' FO Triplet (1990-..., 3 satellites)% Satellites equipped with infrared sensors, built by Martin Marietta, 3600 kgThe cluster could be composed of only the 3 sub-satellites?<' *O External resourcesd=W' zhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/surveill/noss.htm11N[W ހ+l̑X~X~X~X~X~X~X~X~X~"W~#W~$W~%W~Program: NOSSNOSS 01NOSS 02NOSS 03NOSS 04NOSS 05NOSS 06NOSS 07NOSS 08NOSS 09NOSS 12NOSS 13NOSS 14NOSS 158݅1A\݅!ފNOSS 01D!5 : rG" NOSS 01:݅[# .Also called OPS 64311 !'  Generalg [G#^@") Designation08818 / 76038A\OA#R6Launch date30 Apr 1976t'ÇM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9OCG#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)`ÇA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1128/1092 kmVCA#R*Inclination63.5UNA#R(Period107.5 minkM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[NA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&:# 8r' "O Sub satelliteslG:ފ% SSU 1 (08835 / 76038C)SSU 2 (08836 / 76038D)SSU 3 (08884 / 76038J)8r14AA]Z$NOSS 02DފZ5 : rG" NOSS 02:# .Also called OPS 87811 Zŋ'  Generalg ,G#^@") Designation10502 / 77112A[ŋA#R4Launch date8 Dec 1977t',M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9{G#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)b!ݍA#RB"Perigee/Apogee1054 / 1169 kmV{3A#R*Inclination63.4UݍA#R(Period107.5 mink3M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[NA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&t# 8N' "O Sub satelliteslGt$% SSU 4 (10529 / 77112D)SSU 5 (10544 / 77112E)$ފSSU 6 (10594 / 77112F)8\1AA^\YŠNOSS 03D$5 : rG" NOSS 03:\# .Also called OPS 72451 '  Generalg rG#^@") Designation11720 / 80019A[ A#R4Launch date3 Mar 1980t'rA M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9 G#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)`A !àA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1035/1150 kmV wàA#R*Inclination63.0U!ààA#R(Period107.1 minkwà7ĠM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[àĠA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&7ĠĠ# 8ĠĠ' "O Sub satellitesiDĠYŠ% EP 1 (11731 / 80019C)EP 2 (11732 / 80019D)EP 3 (11745 / 80019G)8ĠŠ1AA_ŠŠQɠNOSS 04DYŠŠ5 : rG" NOSS 041 ŠƠ'  General[ŠaƠA#R4Launch date9 Dec 1980t'ƠƠM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9aƠUǠG#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)kƠǠM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[UǠȠA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&ǠAȠ# 5ȠvȠ'  End of life^AȠȠA#R:"Out of service9 Dec 1980YvȠ-ɠA#R0CauseLaunch failure$ȠQɠ" 8-ɠɠ1AWA`ɠɠΠNOSS 05DQɠɠ5 : rG" NOSS 05:ɠʠ# .Also called OPS 02521 ɠ8ʠ'  Generalg ʠʠG#^@") Designation13791 / 83008A[8ʠʠA#R4Launch date9 Feb 1983t'ʠnˠM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9ʠˠG#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)`nˠN̠A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1063/1186 kmVˠ̠A#R*Inclination63.4UN̠̠A#R(Period107.8 mink̠d͠M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[̠͠A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&d͠͠# 8͠Π' "O Sub satellitesfA͠Π% SSA (13844 / 83008E)SSB (13845 / 83008F)SSC (13874 / 83008H)8ΠΠ1A/BaΠΠNOSS 06DΠΠ5 : rG" NOSS 06:Π9Ϡ# .Also called OPS 64321 ΠjϠ'  Generalg 9ϠϠG#^@") Designation14112 / 83056A[jϠ8A#R4Ϡ8ΠLaunch date9 Jun 1983t'ϠM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States98,G#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1051 / 1170 kmT,A#R&Inclination63L .A#RPeriodkM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[.A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&# 8R' "O Sub satellitesiD% GB 1 (14143 / 83056C)GB 2 (14144 / 83056D)GB 3 (14180 / 83056G)8R1WABb7NOSS 07D75 : rG" NOSS 07:q# .Also called OPS 87371 7'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation14690 / 84012A[dA#R4Launch date5 Feb 1984t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9dXG#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1052 / 1168 kmVXA#R*Inclination63.4L \A#RPeriodkM#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[\"A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&H# 8"' "O Sub satellitesiDH% JD 1 (14728 / 84012C)JD 2 (14729 / 84012D)JD 3 (14795 / 84012F)8! 1/BkBc! e NOSS 08De 5 : rG" NOSS 089! # ,Also called USA 0151 e '  Generalg 6 G#^@") Designation16591 / 86014A[ A#R4Launch date9 Feb 1986t'6  M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9 G#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1049/1166 kmT 9 A#R&Inclination63L A#RPeriodk9 M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[ K A#R4Launch siteVandenberg& q # 8K ' "O Sub satellitesrMq % USA 016 (16624 / 86014E)USA 017 (16625 / 86014F)USA 018 (16631 / 86014H)8 S1BBdS\CNOSS 09D5 : rG" NOSS 099S# ,Also called USA 0221 '  Generalg hG#^@") Designation17997 / 87043A\A#R6Launch date15 May 1987t'hD@M#jN"N D@,㹌לCountry of originUnited States9@G#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Whitecloud)`D@$AA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1045/1179 kmT@xAA#R&Inclination63L $AAA#RPeriodm xA1BM#j@" &26Launch vehicleAtlas E/F[ABA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&1BB# 8BB' "O Sub satellitesrMB\C% USA 023 (18009 / 87043E)USA 024 (18010 / 87043F)USA 025 (18025 / 87043H)8BC1kBBeCCZHNOSS 12D\CC5 : rG" NOSS 129CD# ,Also called USA 0591 CBD'  Generalg DDG#^@") Designation20641 / 90050A[BDEA#R4Launch date8 Jun 1990t'DxEM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States}6EEG#^l"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Triplet)[xEPFA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1200 kmTEFA#R&Inclination63L PFFA#RPeriodkF[GM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4U+FG* $VX~Could be in the same orbit as NOSS 098[GG' "O Sub satellitesrMGZH% USA 060 (20682 / 90050B)USA 061 (20691 / 90050C)USA 062 (20692 / 90050D)8GH1B5BfHH)MNOSS 13DZHH5 : rG" NOSS 139HI# ,Also called USA 0721 H@I'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation21775 / 91076A[@IJA#R4Launch date8 Nov 1991t'IvJM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States}6JJG#^l"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Triplet)[vJNKA#R4"Perigee/Apogee1200 kmTJKA#R&Inclination63L NKKA#RPeriodkKYLM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4&KL# 8YLL' "O Sub satellitesrML)M% USA 074 (21799 / 91076C)USA 076 (21808 / 91076D)USA 077 (21809 / 91076E)8LaM1iB;CgaMM뀡NOSS 14D)MM5 : rG" NOSS 141 aMM'  General[M1NA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1993t'MNM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States}61N"OG#^l"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Triplet)kNOM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4&"OO# 5O '  End of lifeO )M^OjA#R:"Out of service2 Aug 1993] ǀA#R8Causelauncher explosion$j뀡" 8ǀ#15Bh#g܈NOSS 15D뀡g5 : rG" NOSS 15E"## DAlso called NOSS 2-3 or USA 1191 g݁'  Generalg DG#^@") Designation23893 / 96029A\݁A#R6Launch date12 May 1996t'DM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States}6G#^l"H̀MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Triplet)_J#d*Orbit1022 km?cSJ#d2Inclination63.4?o"„M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #17&S脡# 8„ ' "O Sub satellitestN脡& USA 120 (23907 / 96029B)USA 121 (23908 / 96029C)USA 122 (23862 / 96029D). …'  TiPSᇡ$ A tether satellite was carried with this launch called: Tether Physics and Survivability (TiPS) This experiment consists of 2 small end-masses connected by a 4 km nonconductuve braided tether (total mass: 53 kg). TiPS was jettisoned from its "host vehicle" on 20 June. It is aimed to test the survivability of the tether. The tether is predicted to have a mean life of 5 years before it is cut by orbital debris. The observed life of TiPS will help understand and validate these theoretical predictions.pL…Q$ The two objects could be USA 123 (23936 / 96029E) & 124 (23937 / 96029F)<ᇡ' *O External resourcesO(Q܈' Phttp://hyperspace.nrl.navy.mil/TiPS/> 1q~@؂CihProgram: NovaN܈h8 @.G" Program: Nova@, &)|ۉAmerican navigation program linked to TransitEvolution compared to Transit satellites: transmitters (150 and 400 MHz) more powerful, on-board computer with larger memory (252 Kbits) that can save 5 days' data, better clock stability and capable of correcting its orbit.1hي1jيHo.HA R\̑wwwProgram: NovaNova 1Nova 2Nova 37ي1kCkƋ Nova 1GHƋ8 @ G" Nova 1=# 4Also called NNSS 30 4801 Ƌ4'  Generalg G#^@") Designation12458 / 81044A\4A#R6Launch date15 May 1981t'kM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgҍM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation`k2A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1164/1182 kmVҍA#R*Inclination90.1U2ݎA#R(Period108.9 minn!KM#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #102&ݎq# 8K' "(OTechnical dataW4q # hTransmits with 3 W on 150 MHz and 5 W on 400 MHz. H7C1jC`ClCġNova 2G 8 @ G" Nova 2=C# 4Also called NNSS 30 5001 '  Generalg _G#^@") Designation15362 / 84110A\A#R6Launch date12 Oct 1984t'_/¡M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg¡M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation`/¡¡A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1149/1199 kmV¡LáA#R*Inclination89.9U¡áA#R(Period108.9 minn!LáġM#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #104&á5ġ# 8ġmġ' "(OTechnical dataV35ġġ# ftransmits with 3 W on 150 MHz and 5 W on 400 MHz7mġġ1CmġAšɡNova 3GġAš8 @ G" Nova 3=ġ~š# 4Also called NNSS 30 4901 Ašš'  Generalg ~šơG#^@") Designation19223 / 88052A\šrơA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1988t'ơơM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgrơMǡM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation`ơǡA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1150/1198 kmTMǡȡA#R&Inclination90UǡVȡA#R(Period108.9 minn!ȡȡM#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #111[VȡɡA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&ȡEɡ# 8ɡ}ɡ' "(OTechnical dataV3Eɡɡ# fTransmits with 3 W on 150 MHz and 5 W on 400 MHz@}ɡʡ1 LC{CnʡSʡ,̡Program: NPOESS@ɡSʡ, (*" Program: NPOESSʡXˡ& National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite SystemProgram to be launched in 2006. Is the follow on of DMSP and NOAA. This unique program is designed to save $300 million. it will consist of 3 satellites<Sʡˡ' *O External resourcesjXˡ,̡. ,http://www.laafb.af.mil/SMC/PK/NPOESS/rfp.htmhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/met/npoess.htm1ˡ]̡1[o]̡̡̡T+,̡̡) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register*]̡̡%  = ̡͡1؂C+2p͡e͡͡Program: OAOM̡e͡8 @,Hd%" Program: OAOiA͡͡( Orbiting Astronomical ObservatoryAmerican astronomy mission1e͡͡1q͡yΡz2͡yΡH `d6S?vV?vV?vV?vVProgram: OAOOAO 1OAO 2OAO BOAO 36͡Ρ1-DrΡΡOAO 1FyΡΡ8 @Hd%" OAO 11 Ρ&ϡ'  Generalg ΡϡG#^@") Designation02142 / 66031A[&ϡ A#R4Launch date8 Apr 1966ϡ yΡt'ϡM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesu( M#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV astronomy^SA#R:"Perigee/Apogee782/793 kmTA#R&Inclination35USA#R(Period100.6 minq$mM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&m# 5''  End of life^A#R:"Out of service8 Apr 1966X'A#R.CausePower failure$" 671CEDs7}SOAO 2F}8 @Hd%" OAO 21 7'  Generalg }G#^@") Designation03597 / 68110A[pA#R4Launch date7 Dec 1968t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesu(pYM#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV astronomy^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee751/757 kmTY A#R&Inclination35T_A#R&Period99.9 minq$ M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur__/A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$S" 6/1ZDDt OAO BFS8 @Hd%" OAO B5 '  End of life_c A#R<"Out of service30 Nov 1970q* G#^TyjCauseLaunch failure (Atlas Centaur)$c " 6 . 17EDu. t y@OAO 3F t 8 @Hd%" OAO 3b?. # ~Also called Copernicus for the 500th anniversary of Copernic1 t  '  Generalg n G#^@") Designation06153 / 72065A\ A#R6Launch date21 Aug 1972t'n > M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesu( M#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV astronomy^>  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee714/723 kmT e A#R&Inclination35T A#R&Period99.2 minq$e *M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur_ A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[*A#R4"Mass at launch2200 kg& # 5?'  End of life_ A#R<"Out of service18 Jan 1973&?# < @' *O External resources @ mFy@' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/copernicus.html8 @@1u+2Fv@AFBOderacsQy@A8 @4 " Program: Oderacs@A& Orbital DEbris RAdar Calibration SystemUS military spacecrafts intended to provide radar cross-sections of very small objects.<AA' *O External resources_8AFB' phttp://www.mmrc.ncsu.edu/Projects/ODERACS/index.html1AwB1dwwBC3FBC Ѐe@ױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBױBProgram: OderacsOderacs 1AOderacs 1BOderacs 1COderacs 1DOderacs 1EOderacs 1FOderacs 2AOderacs 2BOderacs 2COderacs 2DOderacs 2EOderacs 2F; wBC1a%DxC0D`HOderacs 1AKC0D8 @( " Oderacs 1A1 CaD'  Generalg 0DDG#^@") Designation22990 / 94006B[aD#EA#R4Launch date3 Feb 1994jDEM#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAp)#EEG#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^E[FA#R:"Perigee/Apogee358/386 kmVEFA#R*Inclination59.9T[FGA#R&Period91.7 minjFoGM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 60CGG$ >10 cm rough Aluminum sphere5oGG'  End of lifeUG10.16 cm diameter Al sphere; âYĢ1hEsEYĢĢȢOderacs 2BKĢĢ8 @( " Oderacs 2B1 YĢĢ'  Generalg Ģ<ŢG#^@") Designation23472 / 95004Dg&ĢŢA#RLLaunch date4 Feb 1995 at 04:57 UTj<Ţ ƢM#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAp)Ţ}ƢG#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^ ƢƢA#R:"Perigee/Apogee314/336 kmV}Ƣ1ǢA#R*Inclination51.6RƢǢA#R"Period91 minj1ǢǢM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 63?Ǣ,Ȣ$ 615.24 cm dia. Al sphere5ǢaȢ'  End of lifeV,ȢȢA#R*Decay29 Sep 1995$aȢȢ" ; Ȣɢ1)EEɢaɢ̢Oderacs 2CKȢaɢ8 @( " Oderacs 2C1 ɢɢ'  Generalg aɢɢG#^@") Designation23473 / 95004Eg&ɢ`ʢA#RLLaunch date4 Feb 1995 at 04:57 UTjɢʢM#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAp)`ʢ:ˢG#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^ʢˢA#R:"Perigee/Apogee314/336 kmV:ˢˢA#R*Inclination51.6Rˢ@̢A#R"Period91 minjˢ̢M#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 63E!@̢̢$ B5.08 cm diameter steel sphere; ̢*͢1jsEpF*͢u͢Oderacs 2DK̢u͢8 @( " Oderacs 2D1 *͢͢'  Generalg u͢ ΢G#^@") Designation23474 / 95004Fg&͢t΢A#RLLaunch date4 Feb 1995 at 04:57 UTj ΢΢M#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAp)t΢NϢG#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^΢ϢA#R:"Perigee/Apogee314/336 kmVNϢA#R*Inclination51.6Ϣ̢RϢ`A#R"Period91 minjM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 63B` $ <13.208 cm long dipole wire5A'  End of lifeU A#R(Decay2 Mar 1995$A" ; 1kEF@zOderacs 2EK@8 @( " Oderacs 2E1 q'  Generalg @G#^@") Designation23475 / 95004Gg&q?A#RLLaunch date4 Feb 1995 at 04:57 UTjM#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAp)?G#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^wA#R:"Perigee/Apogee314/336 kmVA#R*Inclination51.6RwA#R"Period91 minjM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 63B$ <13.208 cm long dipole wire5'  End of lifeVVA#R*Decay27 Feb 1995$z" ; V1pF Oderacs 2FKz8 @( " Oderacs 2F1 1'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23476 / 95004Hg&1A#RLLaunch date4 Feb 1995 at 04:57 UTjiM#j:"N ,㹌לCountry of originUSAp)G#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^i7 A#R:"Perigee/Apogee314/336 kmV A#R*Inclination51.6R7 A#R"Period91 minj I M#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 63C $ >4.318 cm length dipole wire?I 1FD7G  Program: OffekO  8 @0∣" Program: Offek & )Also called offeqFirst Israeli program, mainly for military experimentation purposes, especially for remote sensing and optical reconnaissance.1  1 < H `x5ffffProgram: OffekOffek 1Offek 2Offek 3Offek 48 1WF 6BOffek 1H 8 @"∣" Offek 17 @ # (Means "Horizon 1"1 q '  Generalg @ G#^@") Designation19519 / 88087A\q 4A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1988m M#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsrael_4G#^0"H̀MissionTechnology__A#R<"Perigee/Apogee250/1149 kmi(A#RPInclination142.9 (retrograd orbit)T_(@A#R&(@ Period98.8 minm @M#j@" &<}Launch vehicleShavit #1Y(@@A#R0Launch sitePalmahimZ@HAA#R2"Mass at launch156 kg?@A$ 6First Israeli satellite5HAA'  End of lifeVABA#R*Decay14 Jan 1989$A6B" 8BnB1FFnBBaGOffek 2H6BB8 @"∣" Offek 27nBB# (Means "Horizon 2"1 BC'  Generalg BCG#^@") Designation20540 / 90027A[CCA#R4Launch date3 Apr 1990m CMDM#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsrael_CDG#^0"H̀MissionTechnology^MD EA#R:"Perigee/Apogee149/251 kmi(DsEA#RPInclination143.2 (retrograd orbit)T EEA#R&Period88.5 minm sE4FM#j@" &<}Launch vehicleShavit #2YEFA#R0Launch sitePalmahim&4FF# 5FF'  End of lifeUF=GA#R(Decay9 Jul 1990$FaG" 8=GG1g FGGG%Offek 3HaGG8 @"∣" Offek 37GH# (Means "Horizon 3"1 GIH'  Generalg HHG#^@") Designation23549 / 95018Ag&IHIA#RLLaunch date5 Apr 1995 at 11:16 UTm HIM#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsraelm&IIG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^IOJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee369/729 kmi(IJA#RPInclination143.4 (retrograd orbit)TOJ KA#R&Period95.6 minm JyKM#j@" &<}Launch vehicleShavit #4Y KKA#R0Launch sitePalmahimZyK,LA#R2"Mass at launch225 kg?KkN' 1Reported by Israel's media as the first spy satellite... but it's most likely not a fullyfleged spy satellite.Offek 3 is the first of the second-generation light satellites for Israel. The system is being proposed and marketed by Israel Aircraft Industries and MLM System Engineering and Integration to carry payloads for astronomy and remote sensing purposes. The light-weight electro-optical scanner or Earth Resources Monitoring System carried aboard this mission was developed by El-Op. Equipped with a high-resolution camera.5,LN'  End of life]kNNA#R8"Out of servicelate 1997wMNtO* $ After Israel Space Agency, the satellite might be working 2 more years.8NO' "(OTechnical data8tO ' " SpecificationsO aGYOeA#R0&Prime contractorIAIN A#RPlatformTeA#R&"Mass at launchW^A#R,Payload mass36 kgOA#RDimensionQ^A#R Solar arrayYWA#R0 Stabilization3-axisSA#R$DC power180 WUWA#R($Design lifetime&%# 8]1F]Offek 4H%8 @"∣" Offek 47]܃# (Means "Horizon 4"1 '  General\܃iG#^*") DesignationFTO\ ńA#R6Launch date22 Jan 1998m i2M#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsraelm&ńG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissancem 2 M#j@" &<}Launch vehicleShavit #5YeA#R0Launch sitePalmahimR. $ \The satellite was said to cost $50 million5e솣'  End of life_KA#R<"Out of service22 Jan 1998P솣܇A#RCauselaunch failure due to a malfunction in the second stage of the rocket.&K# 4܇61@FQG6rOFO< r2 4"  OFO1 6'  Generalg r G#^@") Designation04690 / 70094A[eA#R4Launch date9 Nov 1970t' ىM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_e8G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^ىA#R:"Perigee/Apogee304/518 kmV8슣A#R*Inclination37.4T@A#R&Period92.6 minm 슣M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #70&@Ӌ# 5'  End of lifeUӋ]A#R(Decay9 May 1971$" = ]17GH bProgram: OGOM 8 @,J d%" Program: OGO)  Orbiting Geophysical ObservatoryAmerican scientific program of standardized spacecraft capable of conducting many related experiments.< ' *O External resourcesf?b' ~http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/ogo.html11+Bb+V |8S}V}V}V}V}V}VProgram: OGOOGO 1OGO 2OGO 3OGO 4OGO 5OGO 66a1 GafˣOGO 1F+8 @J d%" OGO 11 a؏'  Generalg KG#^@"؏K+) Designation00879 / 64054A[؏A#R4Launch date5 Sep 1964t'KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyb!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee4930/144824 kmVN£A#R*Inclination40.7V£A#R*Period3841.9 minq$N£ãM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B_£tãA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral_ãţ' OGO I carried 20 experiments, more than any previous satellite. The spacecraft's highly elliptical orbit was planned to permit correlated investigations of geophysical and solar phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere and magnetosphere, and in interplanetary space.Two experiment booms failed to deploy properly, however, and one of these booms obscured the horizon scanner's view of Earth. As a result, spacecraft attitude could not be Earth oriented and OGO I remained spin stabilized at 5 rpm. The solar panels were turned to a more favorable sun angle and all 20 experiments were able to provide data.:tã4ǣ+ $`OGO 1, together with data from Explorer 21, has indicated the source of much of the Van Allen belt's high-energy radiation as the solar wind - entering the magnetosphere through weak field lines in the magnetosphere's tail on the side of the Earth opposite the sun.8ţlǣ' "(OTechnical data84ǣǣ' " SpecificationsVlǣǣA#R*&Prime contractorN ǣHȣA#RPlatformZǣȣA#R2"Mass at launch523 kgWHȣȣA#R,Payload mass95 kgWȣPɣA#R,Dimension18 x 6 m}<ȣɣA#RxSolar array32000 solar cells + nickel-cadmium batteriesb!Pɣ/ʣA#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedN ɣ}ʣA#RDC powerU/ʣʣA#R($Design lifetimep}ʣfˣ$ Spacecraft systems included a communication and data handling system to store up to 128,000 bits per second.6ʣˣ1GHˣˣOGO 2Ffˣˣ8 @J d%" OGO 21 ˣ̣'  Generalg ˣẓG#^@") Designation01620 / 65081A\̣̣A#R6Launch date14 Oct 1965t'ẓJͣM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/̣ͣM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_Jͣ%ΣA#R<"Perigee/Apogee419/1515 kmVͣ{ΣA#R*Inclination87.4U%ΣΣA#R(Period104.4 minn!{Σ>ϣM#jB" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena[ΣϣA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&>ϣϣ# 5ϣ '  End of lifeϣ fˣVϣbA#R*Decay17 Sep 1981$ " 6b1G HOGO 3F8 @J d%" OGO 31 3'  Generalg G#^@") Designation02195 / 66049A[3A#R4Launch date7 Jun 1966t'iM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyc"iHA#RD"Perigee/Apogee19519/102806 kmVA#R*Inclination77.6VHA#R*Period2911.5 minq$eM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena B\A#R6Launch siteVandenberg?e% The orbit of this satellite remains uncertain. Other sources give 319/122173 km x 31.39 deg x 2915 min. This seems unprobable since with such a low perigee the satellite would have reentred.61H_H$ OGO 4F$8 @J d%" OGO 41 U'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation02895 / 67073A\UA#R6Launch date28 Jul 1967t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study^fA#R:"Perigee/Apogee422/885 kmTA#R&Inclination86Tf A#R&Period97.8 minp#~ M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[ A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&~ # 5 4 '  End of lifeV A#R*Decay16 Aug 1972$4 " 6 1 HH * OGO 5F * 8 @J d%" OGO 51 [ '  Generalg * G#^@") Designation03138 / 68014A[[  A#R4Launch date4 Mar 1968t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/ M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya n A#R@"Perigee/Apogee271/148186 kmT A#R&Inclination54Vn A#R*Period3795.9 minq$ M#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$ " 6B1_HBDOGO 6F 8 @J d%" OGO 61 B'  Generalg ,@G#^@") ,@ Designation03986 / 69051A[@A#R4Launch date5 Jun 1969t',@@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States|/@wAM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study_@AA#R<"Perigee/Apogee397/1089 kmTwA*BA#R&Inclination82TA~BA#R&Period99.7 minq$*BBM#jH" &mO{Launch vehicleAtlas Agena D[~BJCA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&BpC# 5JCC'  End of lifeVpCCA#R*Decay12 Oct 1979$CD" 7CVD1QGhHVDDHOhsumi7 DD, (" Ohsumi>VDD# 6Named as its launch site1 DD'  Generalg DcEG#^@") Designation04330 / 70011A\DEA#R6Launch date11 Feb 1970lcE+FM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanUEFG#^"H̀Mission`+FFA#R>"Perigee/Apogee323/2.416 kmTF4GA#R&Inclination31UFGA#R(Period113.1 ming 4GGG#^@" &Launch vehicleLambda L 4SZGJHA#R2Launch siteKagoshima[GHA#R4"Mass at launch23.8 kg@JHH$ 8First Japanese satellite8HI1HII]I狤Olympus@H]I2 4"  OlympusQ(II) "P Also called L SAT (Large SATellite)1 ]II'  Generalg IFJG#^@") Designation20122 / 89053A\IJA#R6Launch date12 Jul 1989m FJKM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"J~KM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]KKA#R8,Geostationary orbit19Wn!~KILM#jB" &3D+Launch vehicleAriane V32&KoL# 5ILL'  End of life_oLMA#R<"Out of service12 Aug 1993YL\MA#R0CauseOut of control_9MO& sThe control's satellite was lost on 29 May 1991 because of a stabilization problem that caused an electric interruption. The satellite then drifted over Pacific and Atlantic. It was found by radars and the control was taken over by the ESA's station in Darmstadt on 19 Jun 1992. It was then put back into service on 7 Aug 1992.On 12 Aug 1993 it started rotating and fell in backup mode to try to stabilize (during the Perseid shower). It consumed so much ergols that there was not enough left to bring it back in service. The spacecraft was send to the junk orbit.<\M ' *O External resourcesO H[4Og' hhttp://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/olympus.html8 ' "(OTechnical data8g׀' " Specificationsq0HA#R`&Prime contractorBritish Aerospace (now MMS)U׀A#R(PlatformOlympus[HA#R4"Mass at launch2595 kgXPA#R.Payload mass359 kg`A#R>Dimension2.9 x 2.7 x 5.6 mZP A#R2Solar array26 m spanYcA#R0DC powerEOL: 3600 WY A#R0 Stabilization3 axis\cA#R6$Design lifetime7 years&># 1 o'  Ku-bandb!>фA#RB(Main transponders2 (DBS) + 4Yo*A#R0,Backup transpondersSфB#TPowerDBS: 2 transponders of 230 W (TWTA)others: 4 transponders of 30 W (TWTA)o-*.B#TZBandwidthDBS: 27 MHzothers: 18 & 36 MHz>B#T|CoverageDBS: Italy and Europe (steerable)others: 5 spotsk).B#TREIRP maxDBS: 63 dBWothers: 33.3 dBWRkA#R"Polarizationr0݇B#T`FrequenciesDBS: 12/18 GHzothers: 12/14 GHz&k# =݇@' , Ka-band (20/30 GHz)XA#R.(Main transponders2Z@A#R2,Backup transponders1VHA#R*Power30 W (TWTA)[A#R4Bandwidth40 & 700 MHzd#HA#RFCoverage2 steerable spot beamsV]A#R*EIRP max52.1 dBWRA#R"Polarization8]狤% 'Equipped with 5 steerable antennas for numerous experiments (direct TV and HDTV). Also equipped with 3 beacons at 12, 20 and 30 GHz for propagation measurements. Non Ku-band DBS transponders are designed for digital transmissions in AMRT with an on-board matrix commuter.?&1hHL&qProgram: OptusK狤q5 :.-" Program: Optusn&) ""6]Australian telecommunication satellite system operated by Optus communications. Formerly known as Aussat.1q919a] ______ `Program: OptusOptus A1Optus A2Optus A3Optus B1Optus B2Optus B3Optus C119(1U("äFä>f# 6Optus A's specifications\(ŽA#R60&Prime contractorHughesTfA#R&0PlatformHS-376[ŽqA#R40"Mass at launch1250 kgTŏA#R&0Dry mass540 kgYq*A#R00 ŏ*Mass in orbit655 kgTŏ~A#R&0Diameter2.16 ma *A#R@0Height6.6 m (2.84 m stowed)b!~AA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedTA#R&0DC power1000 Wl+A¤A#RV0$Design lifetime7 years (10 for the A3)&'¤# 7¤^¤'   Video carrier^'¤¤A#R:*Receiver bandwidth30 MHzf%^¤"äA#RJ2Peak to peak deviation22.3 MHz/V$¤Fä" 1"äwä1UwäwƤƤ7Fää# (Optus A's Ku-band[wä ĤA#R40(Main transponders11+4\äeĤA#R60,Backup transponders2+2N ĤĤB#T0Power(11+2) transponders of 12 W (TWTA)(4+2) transponders of 30 W (TWTA)UeĤJŤA#R(0Bandwidth45 MHzs2ĤŤA#Rd0CoverageAustralia, New Zealand and New Guineah&JŤ%ƤB#TL0EIRP max12 W: 41 dBW30 W: 51 dBWRŤwƤA#R"0Polarization$%ƤƤ" 1wƤƤ1Ƥ ˤL%ƤǤ' JOptus A's antenna specificationsbƤzǤJ#d0  BeamTransponders`ǤǤA#R>National A1, 3, 4, 6 and 7m,zǤGȤA#RX4South Eastern Australia1, 3, 5, 7 and 8d#ǤȤA#RF(Western Australia2, 4, 7 and 8v5GȤ!ɤA#RjRPapua New Guinea or South West pacific4, 6 and 7h'ȤɤA#RNNational B9, 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15c"!ɤɤA#RD North Eastern9, 11, 14 and 15h'ɤTʤA#RN(Central Australia10, 12, 14 and 15ɤ ˤ% OThis chart gives the possible transponders with beams connections. Alternative selection of Papua New Guinea or South West pacific beams is possible with Optus A3.1TʤQˤ1UQˤQ. ˤˤ# \Optus A's transponder frequency chart (GHz)cQˤ̤# * X v  Horizontal uplinkHorizontal downlinkTransponderVertical downlinkVertical uplinkˤ ͤt#0,14.025112.277̤ͤt#0,14.089212.341 ͤ8Τt#0,14.153312.405ͤΤt#0,14.217412.4698ΤPϤt#0,14.281512.553ΤϤt#0,14.345612.597PϤ{t#>Ϥ{ ˤ*:14.4097 (30 W)12.661Ϥt#>*:14.4738 (30 W)12.725{t#0 12.309914.057't#2"12.3731014.121t#2"12.4371114.185'At#2"12.5011214.249t#2"12.5651314.313 Abt#@,012.62914 (30 W)14.377 t#@,012.69315 (30 W)14.441$b" 1K1WKT+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&K# 11Uk >4# 6Optus B's specifications\A#R60&Prime contractorHughesT4A#R&0PlatformHS-601[?A#R40"Mass at launch2858 kgUA#R(0Dry mass1270 kgZ?A#R20 Mass in orbit1582 kgc"QA#RD0Dimension2.27 x 2.27 x 2.27 mZA#R20Solar array20 m spanYQ A#R00 Stabilization3 axisf$j B#TH0DC powerBOL: 3500 WEOL: 3000 W_ A#R<0$Design lifetime13.7 yearsj o % Carries a Ka-band beacon (30 GHz) and a laser retroreflector for precise satellite location and time transfer demonstrations.7 '   Video carrier^o  A#R:*Receiver bandwidth25 MHzg& k A#RL2Peak to peak deviation17.74 MHz/V$ " 1k 1U =6 # &Optus B's L-bandn- d A#RZ0(Main transponders2 (inbound and outband)Y A#R00Power150 W (8 SSPA)[d  A#R40$Total bandwidth14 MHzW o A#R,0CoverageAustraliaT A#R&0EIRP max49 dBWVo A#R*0PolarizationRHCP$ =" 1n1Un|AA7=# (Optus B's Ku-bandm,nA#RX0(Main transponders15+1 (L-band downlink)ZlA#R20,Backup transponders6VA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)Ul#@A#R(0#@=Bandwidth54 MHzY@T#x06ް鉂A鉂CoverageAustralia (1 national beam and 5 regional beams)High Performance beamT#@$AA#R&0EIRP max47 dBWX@|AA#R.0Polarizationlinear$$AA" 1|AA1AGL%AB' JOptus B's antenna specificationsbABJ#d0  BeamTranspondersq*BBG#^T"ްNational A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8j)BZCA#RRNew Zealand1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8~7BCG#^n"8South Eastern Australia1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8i"ZCADG#^D",Western Australia6, 7 and 8t-CDG#^Z"ްNational B9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15z3AD/EG#^f"A*High performance9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15h!DEG#^B"$North Eastern11, 14 and 15l%/EFG#^J",Central Australia12, 14 and 15EG% This chart gives the possible transponders with beams connections. The National A, South Eastern Australia and Western Australia beams can be combined with the New Zealand beam: the power split is 20% to New Zealand and 80% for the other beam.1FPG1UPG悥 Q.GG# \Optus B's transponder frequency chart (GHz)cPGH# * X v  Horizontal uplinkHorizontal downlinkTransponderVertical downlinkVertical uplinkG!It#4014.0299112.2819HIt#4014.0925212.3445!I=Jt#4014.1551312.4071IJt#4014.2177412.4697=JYKt#4014.2803512.5323JKt#4014.3429612.5949YKuLt#4014.4055712.6575KMt#4014.4681812.7201uLMt#4"12.3132914.0612M Nt#6 $12.37581014.1238MNt#6 $12.43841114.1864 N>Ot#6 $12.50101214.2490NOt#6 $12.56361314.3116>Oht#6OhG $12.62621414.3742Ot#6 $12.68881514.4368@h7<#Hp@0#0Mobile communication (L-band to Ku-band & Ku-band to L-band):&7M#ЀL*.12.2705M (16)1.6535 (RHCP)%悥t#J$481.5520 (RHCP)M (16)14.0185$M " 1悥;1;\& 6 L♱X㉂Q#4'ASpecificationsAntenna specificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chart9211KKBOptus A2EĉB5 :"-" Optus A2;}# 0Also called Aussat A21 B'  Generalg }G#^@") Designation16275 / 85109C\qA#R6Launch date27 Nov 1985p#ዥM#jF"N ,Country of originAustraliao"qPM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!ዥA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowjPM#j:" &xLaunch vehicleSTS 31&B# : |- */ۀ LocationBm#:   " BeginEndPosition|j#8$(*L: 27 Nov 1985156E j#@Feb 1995164E, inclined&<# 8t' "(Technical dataT<> L♱X㉂Q#4'ASpecificationsAntenna specificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chtĉart9tK1KKKnǥOptus A3E5 :"-" Optus A3;K# 0Also called Aussat A31 '  Generalg cG#^@") Designation18350 / 87078A\A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1987p#c/¥M#jF"N ,Country of originAustraliao"¥M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!/¥åA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!¥nåM#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V19&åå# : nåå- */ۀ LocationåXĥm#:   " BeginEndPositionåĥj#8$(*L: 16 Sep 1987164EXĥ^ťj#,Feb 1995156E ĥťj#@Aug 1995152E, inclined&^ťƥ# 8ťFƥ' "(Technical dataTƥƥ> L♱X㉂Q#4'ASpecificationsAntenna specificationsKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=Fƥǥ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Y)ƥnǥ0 0R4BBkCentral beamAustralian spot beams1ǥǥ1ǥ"ȥLnǥ"ȥ7 >_"Optus A3's EIRP (National beam)Add 4 to 5 dBW for 30 W transponders1ǥSȥ1SȥȥT"ȥȥ7 >_" Optus A3's EIRP (Australian spot beams)Add 4 to 5 dBW for 30 W transponders9Sȥɥ1KKɥ\ɥ-ΥOptus B1Eȥ\ɥ5 :"-" Optus B11 ɥɥ'  Generalg \ɥɥG#^@") Designation22087 / 92054A\ɥPʥA#R6Launch date13 Aug 1992p#ɥʥM#jF"N ,Country of originAustraliao"Pʥ/˥M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfʥ˥G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit160E>/˥ ̥M#j|" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2E (first commercial flight)X˥x̥A#R.Launch siteXichang& ̥̥# 8x̥̥' "(Technical data]̥xͥE ZJ ㉂⾮HY5PJSpecificationsAntenna specificationsL-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=̥ͥ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)xAxͥ-Υ7 >ް鉂A鉂Central beamAustralian spot beamsHigh Performance beam9ͥfΥ1KLfΥΥhOptus B2E-ΥΥ5 :"-" Optus B21 fΥΥ'  Generalg ΥCϥG#^@") Designation22278 / 92090Ah'ΥϥA#RNLaunch date21 Dec 1992 at 11:20 UTp#Cϥ'M#jF"N ,Countrϥ'-Υy of originAustraliao"ϥM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\'A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/aq$cM#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2E&# 5c'  End of life_A#R<"Out of service21 Dec 1992RD#VCauseThe satellite was destroyed when the fairing area of the launch vehicle was destroyed some 47 seconds after liftoff. The cause of the failure is still subject to some speculation and disagreement but was almost certainly due to wind shear effects encountered just after liftoff.The Optus B series of satellites have a liquid propulsion apogee engine (not solid propelled motor). They do, however, have a solid perigee stage when launched on Long March 2E. It is almost certain that this solid motor (plus a few remnants of the satellite itself) is all that was delivered into orbit.&# 8' "(Technical data]E ZJ ㉂⾮HY5PJSpecificationsAntenna specificationsL-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)xAh7 >ް鉂A鉂Central beamAustralian spot beamsHigh Performance beam91`KqLOptus B3Ih8 @$-" Optus B3N+8# VThis spacecraft is also called Optus B2R1 i'  Generalg 8G#^@") Designation23227 / 94055Ah'i8A#RNLaunch date27 Aug 1994 at 21:10 UTp#M#jF"N ,Country of originAustraliao"8 M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!y A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowq$ M#jH" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 2E&y  # : J - */ۀ Location m#:   " BeginEndPosition$J b j#H$8:L: 27 Aug 1994Jul 1995152E j#,Aug 1995156Eb % In mid-1998 the satellite was sold to Commonwealth Bank of Australia Ltd (CBA) for A$206 million and leased back from the bank.8 ' "(Technical data] d E ZJ ㉂⾮HY5PJSpecificationsAntenna specificationsL-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chart= ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)xAd 7 >ް鉂A鉂Central beamAustralian spot beamsHigh Performance beam; T18LTAOptus C1/DK8 @(-" Optus C1/D<T# 2The "/D" means defense1  '  GeneralYeG#^$") DesignationZ A#R2Launch datelate 2000p#e;@M#jF"N ,;@Country of originAustraliao"@M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsY;@AA#R0,Geostationary orbit\@_AG#^*" &Launch vehicleS/AA$ ^The satellite will carry a military payload1_AA1WA7B]BT+A7B) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&A]B# A7BB1IPBBGProgram: OrbcommM]BB5 :28" Program: OrbcommzBE8 >XdOSXdOTelecommunication program operated by Orbcomm a subsidiary of OSC. It will consist of a network of LEO satellites to relay the GPS-determined locations of cargo trucks, and data from oil pipeline monitors. Orbcomm terminal will also be able to determine their own position based upon Doppler ranging of the satellite. Initial FCC authorization: Oct 1994.Orbcomm has signed in Sep 1995 the final financing and contruction agreements for an expanded 36-Orbcomm satellite constellation, with Canada's Teleglobe investing $85 million and OSC $75 million. Technology Resources Industries Bhd. of Malaysia is also a shareholder.BG' Full-time service will begin when 26 satellites are in orbit. The full network will be composed of 4 near-polar satellites and 32 satellites inclined at 45. Altitude: about 775 km. The global cost of the system is evaluated $330 million In Oct 1997 Orbcomm to change the inclination of some planes from 70 to 108.In April 1998 Orbcomm was granted by the FCC to operate 12 more satellites and to higher the altitude of some satellites to 815 km. 1EG14GIJGI @㐫9_P8s:9s:s:?s:@s:rZыiZыjZыkZыlZыmZыnZыoZыpZыqZыZыProgram: OrbcommOrbcomm XOrbcomm XP 1Orbcomm FM 1Orbcomm FM 2Orbcomm FM 5Orbcomm FM 6Orbcomm FM 7Orbcomm FM 8Orbcomm FM 9Orbcomm FM 10Orbcomm FM 11Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 12Orbcomm FM 121GI1IOAI1J# <Orbcomm FM's specificationsYIJA#R0&Prime contractorOSCW1JJA#R,PlatformMicrostarYJ:KA#R0"Mass at launch40 kgSJKA#R$ Mass in orbit[:KKA#R4Diameter1.04 m stowedZKBLA#R2Height0.165 m stowed\KLA#R6Width2.2235 m deployedc"BLMA#RD Stabilizationgravity gradientN LOMA#RDC powerUMMA#R($Design lifetime_OMNA#R<Telemetry57.6 kbps in VHF]9M`N$ rDeploys a 3.28 m long VHF/UHF communications antenna.5NN' O Frequencies*`NO) Gateway to satellite: 148 - 149.9 MHz (57.6 kbps)Satellite to client: 137 - 138 MHz (4.8 kbps)Client to satellite: 148 - 149.9 MHz (2.4 kbps)Satellite to gateway: 137 - 138 MHz (57.6 kbps)Beacons: 400.05 - 400.15 MHzAddressing based on X400 protocol: N 1<`M VaOrbcomm XO OJOV8 @&8" Orbcomm X1 '  Generalg VG#^@") Designation21576 / 91050C\JA#R6Launch date17 Jul 1991t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"J-M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee764/771 kmV-ႦA#R*Inclination98.4U6A#R(Period100.2 minn!ႦM#jB" &`D+Launch vehicleAriane V44[6A#R4"Mass at launch22.8 kgb>a$ |Experimental satellite. Should provide emergency services.= 1LM넦:Orbcomm XP 1Ma넦8 @,8" Orbcomm XP 1mJX# Also called OXP 1 or Orbcomm CDS (Capabilities Demonstration Satellite)1 넦'  Generalg XG#^@") Designation22489 / 93009A[KA#R4Launch date9 Feb 1993t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"K.M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee727/790 kmT.A#R&Inclination25S3A#R$Period100 minn!M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #3[3A#R4Launch siteVandenberg>:$ 4Experimental satellite= w1.`MMwĉOrbcomm FM 1M:ĉ8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 11 w'  Generalg ĉ\G#^@") Designation23545 / 95017Ag&ÊA#RLLaunch date3 Apr 1995 at 13:48 UTt'\7M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ÊM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^7A#R:"Perigee/Apogee727/756 kmTXA#R&Inclination70L A#RPeriodn!XM#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #8[mA#R4Launch siteVandenberg\퍦$ Had stopped sending signals short after launch but control was regained in mid May 1995.8m%' "(Technical datap퍦, (SpecificationsTransmits on 137.7075 MHz LHCP (12 W)+ satellite to gateway link at 137.56 MHz (57.6 kbps)= %1MiNKĦOrbcomm FM 2MK8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 21 |'  Generalg K G#^@") Designation23546 / 95017B| g&|sA#RLLaunch date3 Apr 1995 at 13:48 UTt' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"sVM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee727/756 kmTV¦A#R&Inclination70L T¦A#RPeriodn!¦¦M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #8[T¦æA#R4Launch siteVandenberg¦æ% _The uplink antenna was malfunctionning after launch and the satellite didn't receive any signals from the ground station. After a month the problems appeared to be solved.8æ)Ħ' "(Technical datapæĦ, (SpecificationsTransmits on 137.6775 MHz LHCP (10 W)+ satellite to gateway link at 137.56 MHz (57.6 kbps)= )ĦŦ1N2MŦOŦ"ɦOrbcomm FM 3MĦOŦ8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 31 ŦŦ'  Generalg OŦŦG#^@") Designation25158 / 98007B\ŦCƦA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1998t'ŦƦM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"CƦ&ǦM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsTƦzǦA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeU&ǦǦA#R(Inclination108L zǦȦA#RPeriodm ǦȦM#j@" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus #2&ȦȦ# 8ȦȦ' "(Technical data<Ȧ"ɦ) "&Specifications= Ȧ_ɦ1MfO_ɦɦͦOrbcomm FM 4M"ɦɦ8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 41 _ɦɦ'  Generalg ɦDʦG#^@") Designation25159 / 98007C\ɦʦA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1998t'Dʦ˦M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ʦ˦M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsT˦˦A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeU˦,̦A#R(Inclination108L ˦x̦A#RPeriodm ,̦̦M#j@" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus #2&x̦ ͦ# 8̦Cͦ' "(Technical data< ͦͦ) "&Specifications= Cͦͦ1aNNͦ ΦrOrbcomm FM 5Mͦ Φ8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 51 ͦ:Φ'  Generalg ΦΦG#^@") Designation25117 / 97084F\:ΦΦA#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'ΦqϦM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ΦϦM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`qϦLA#R>ϦLͦ"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmTϦA#R&Inclination45L LA#RPeriodo"[M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_A#R<Launch siteWallops Island&[# 8' "(Technical dataZ/r+ &^SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.200 MHz= 1OMNYOrbcomm FM 6Mr8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 61 -'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25118 / 97084G\-A#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'dM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`d3A#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmTA#R&Inclination45L 3A#RPeriodo"BM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_A#R<Launch siteWallops Island&B# 8' "(Technical dataZ/Y+ &^SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.225 MHz= 1NM@ Orbcomm FM 7MY8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 71 '  Generalg {G#^@") Designation25119 / 97084H\A#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'{K M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`K  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmT n A#R&Inclination45L  A#RPeriodo"n ) M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_ A#R<Launch siteWallops Island&) # 8 ' "(Technical dataZ/ @ + &^SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.435 MHz= } 1MƁN} 3AOrbcomm FM 8M@ 8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 81 } '  Generalg b G#^@") Designation25112 / 97084A\ A#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'b 2M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`2A#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmTUA#R&Inclination45L A#RPeriodo"U@M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehicle@@ Pegasus #19_{@A#R<Launch siteWallops Island&@@# 8{@@' "(Technical dataZ/@3A+ &^SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.460 MHz= @pA1OOMpAAFOrbcomm FM 9M3AA8 @,8" Orbcomm FM 91 pAA'  Generalg AUBG#^@") Designation25116 / 97084E\ABA#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'UB%CM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"BCM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`%CCA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmTCHDA#R&Inclination45L CDA#RPeriodo"HDEM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_DbEA#R<Launch siteWallops Island&EE# 8bEE' "(Technical data[0EF+ &`SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.3125 MHz> EYF1iN,NYFFKOrbcomm FM 10NFF8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 101 YFF'  Generalg F?GG#^@") Designation25113 / 97084B\FGA#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'?GHM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"G~HM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`HHA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmT~H2IA#R&Inclination45L H~IA#RPeriodo"2IIM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_~ILJA#R<Launch siteWallops Island&IrJ# 8LJJ' "(Technical data[0rJK+ &`SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.7375 MHz> JCK1ƁNOCKK Orbcomm FM 11NKK8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 111 CKK'  Generalg K)LG#^@") Designation25114 / 97084C\KLA#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t')LLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"LhMM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`LMA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmThMNA#R&Inclination45L MhNA#RPeriodo"NNM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_hN6OA#R<Launch siteWallops Island&N\O# 86OO' "(Technical dataZ/\O + &^SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.800 MHzO K> OJ1,NaNJOrbcomm FM 12N 8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 121 Jɀ'  Generalg 0G#^@") Designation25115 / 97084D\ɀA#R6Launch date23 Dec 1997t'0M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"oM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ςA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 822 kmTo#A#R&Inclination45L ςoA#RPeriodo"#ރM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_o=A#R<Launch siteWallops Island&ރc# 8=' "(Technical data[0c+ &`SpecificationsMain downlink: 137.2875 MHz> 41.2MO4Orbcomm FM 13N8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 131 4'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25413 / 98046A[uA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t'醧M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"uXM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`醧A#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTX A#R&Inclination45UaA#R(Period101.3 mino" ЈM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_a/A#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,Ј$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> /1.fOO Orbcomm FM 14N 8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 141 <'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25414 / 98046B[<A#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t'rM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ዧM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`rAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTዧA#R&Inclination45UAꌧA#R(Period101.3 mino"YM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_ꌧA#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,Y$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> F14OԀOF§Orbcomm FM 15N8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 151 FŎ'  Generalg ,G#^@") Designation25415 / 98046C[ŎA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t', M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States o"{M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmT{/A#R&Inclination45UA#R(Period101.3 mino"/M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_R§A#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,§$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> R§§1.O*O§.ç+ǧOrbcomm FM 16N§.ç8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 161 §_ç'  Generalg .ççG#^@") Designation25416 / 98046D[_ç!ħA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t'çħM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"!ħŧM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ħdŧA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTŧŧA#R&Inclination45Udŧ ƧA#R(Period101.3 mino"ŧ|ƧM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_ ƧƧA#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,|Ƨ+ǧ$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> Ƨiǧ1.ԀOOiǧǧ˧Orbcomm FM 17N+ǧǧ8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 171 iǧǧ'  Generalg ǧOȧG#^@") Designation25420 / 98046E[ǧȧA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t'OȧɧM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ȧɧM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ɧɧA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTɧAʧA#R&Inclination45UɧʧA#R(Period101.3 mino"Aʧ˧M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_ʧd˧A#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,˧˧$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> d˧˧1.*O,P˧@̧\Orbcomm FM 18N˧@̧8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 181 ˧q̧'  Generalg @̧̧G#^@") Designation25419 / 98046F[q̧3ͧA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t'̧ͧM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"3ͧΧM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ͧvΧA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTΧΧA#R&Inclination45UvΧϧA#R(Period101.3 mino"ΧϧM#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_ϧ A#R<Launch siteWallops Islandϧ ˧P,ϧ\$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> 1.OPOrbcomm FM 19N\8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 191 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation25418 / 98046G[A#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t'OM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`OA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTrA#R&Inclination45UA#R(Period101.3 mino"r6M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_A#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,6$ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHz> #1.,P#qn Orbcomm FM 20Nq8 @.8" Orbcomm FM 201 #'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation25417 / 98046H[dA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1998t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"dGM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 827 kmTGA#R&Inclination45UPA#R(Period101.3 mino"M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #19_P A#R<Launch siteWallops IslandP,n $ XMain downlink: 137.7375 and 137.8000 MHzA 1CLP Program: OrblinkAn , (," Program: Orblink ( OSC's global satellite network project to provide broadband fixed-site communications services. This program should become operational in 2002.The system is made of 7 satellites in MEO (9000 km, equatorial orbit). It should use inter-satellite links (65-71 GHz) to provide 15 Gbps links. Uplink and Downlink would take place between 37.5-38.5 GHz and 47.7-48.7 GHz. The coverage is limited to zones between 50 North and South latitudes.The satellites will be based on Orbital Starbus platform intended for GEO satellites (previously designed by CTA). Each satellite will have 4000 W of power, 100 spot beams for earth links and 2 inter-satellite links. Each should have 9 years lifetime and weigh approx 1600 kg. - (㻦ʼnThey can be launched 2 or 3 at a time on Delta 3, Atlas 2 or Ariane 4 vehicles, or 4 at a time on larger vehicles. Individual satellites also can be launched on a Taurus-derivative launch vehicle. The system cost is $900 million.1 31W3T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&3# : 1PɇP!NOrbview 2:!, (" Orbview 29Z# ,Also called Seastar1 !'  Generalg Z @G#^@") Designation24883 / 97037A @[g@A#R4Launch date1 Aug 1997t' @@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateskg@FAM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingl+@AA#RV"Perigee/Apogee705 km (sun-synchronous)VFABA#R*Inclination98.2a AiBA#R@Period99 min (16 day cycle)kBBM#j<" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasusiBF/ ,xOIt is the world's first privately owned satellite to provide multispectral (colour) images of the Earth, owned by OSC It is operated by Orbimage, a subsidiary of OSC.Carries NASA's SeaWiFS instrument as the sensor payload, also designated "Oceans Color Data Set." The objective for global ocean coverage is desired to estimate ocean color, and to derive from these measurements, various biological indicators and other useful scientific products.The SeaWiFS Team has developed, and will operate, a data system that will process, calibrate, validate, archive, and distribute SeaWiFS data for research. All other aspects of the mission -- satellite construction, launch, command and control and tracking -- are the responsibility of OSC. NASA has contracted with OSC to provide, for five years, the raw satellite data which will be used for research purposes. This contract is worth $43.5 million. OSC will own the data rights for operational and commercial purposes.<BG' *O External resourcesTFG. ,http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.htmlhttp://www.orbimage.com/wseastar.htm8GG' "(OTechnical data8GH' " SpecificationsYGZHA#R0&Prime contractorOSCVHHA#R*PlatformOSC-madeZZH IA#R2"Mass at launch309 kgSH]IA#R$ Mass in orbitO IIA#RDimensionQ]IIA#R Solar arraySIPJA#R$ StabilizationN IJA#RDC power]PJJA#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsdJK& Telemetry: 1702.5 MHz (665.4 kbps)Command: 2092.59 MHz (19.2 kbps)Data: 2272.5 MHz (2000 kbps)1 JK'  SeaWiFSKLI#`0Wavebands412 nm (20 nm bandwidth)443 nm (20 nm bandwidth)490 nm (20 nm bandwidth)510 nm (20 nm bandwidth)555 nm (20 nm bandwidth)670 nm (20 nm bandwidth)765 nm (40 nm bandwidth)865 nm (40 nm bandwidth)QK%MA#R 0Swath widthPLuMA#R0Resolution~%MN& Has a rotating scanning telescope to achieve a scan angle > 58.3. The SeaWiFS instrument is built by Hughes Electronics; uMTN1 PMQTNNOrbview 3A;NN, ( " Orbview 3A1 TNN'  GeneralYNOG#^$") Designation`NyOA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999t'O M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesyO NUyOaG#^"H̀Missionj) ˀA#RR"Perigee/Apogee470 km sun-synchronousTaA#R&Inclination97L ˀkA#RPeriodc΁G#^8"Orbital cycle< 3 dayskk9M#j<" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasusnH΁& USAF contract worth $41.5 millionOrbview 3B should be very similar89߂' "(OTechnical data8' " SpecificationsY߂pA#R0&Prime contractorOSCN A#RPlatformTpA#R&"Mass at launchSeA#R$ Mass in orbitOA#RDimensionQeA#R Solar arraySXA#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC power\XA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsoGq( Will provide 1 and 2 meter resolution panchromatic, 4 m resolution multispectral imagery, and 8 m hyperspectral (Warfighter program) resolution. Swath width 8 km except for hyperspectral: 5 km.On board storage: 4 GBShould operate in the 8025-8400 MHz frequency band, TT&C communications would be in UHF-, S- and X-band. <' *O External resourcesO(q' Phttp://www.orbimage.com/worbview.htm1-1W-T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&-# ?戨1`ɇP߀T戨1`Program: OrionK15 :.I" Program: Orion/戨`0 .ZxAmerican telecommunication program operated by Orion Networks This company was bought by Loral Space & Communications Ltd in late-1997 for approx $479 million. Other companies are involved in Orion: Orion Atlantic L.P. and Orion Asia Pacific Corp.111&F`&O n۴R*S*T*U*X*Program: OrionOrion 1Orion 2Orion 3Orion 4Orion 71W1Wc-&6 <\R*"!Orion 1's EIRP (Broad beam to Europe)1W단1단Nc-N6 <\R*""Orion 1's EIRP (Spot beams to Europe)1단1ތ_)Nތ6 LίJ⒉Y=*{i(Broad beam to EuropeSpot beams to EuropeBroad beam to USSpot beams to US8¨Rè' " Specificationsi(èèA#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[RèĨA#R4PlatformEurostar 2000[èqĨA#R4"Mass at launch2350 kgXĨĨA#R.Payload mass375 kg`qĨ)ŨA#R>Dimension1.7 x 1.6 x 2.1 mYĨŨA#R0 Stabilization3 axisY)ŨŨA#R0DC powerEOL: 3200 Wf%ŨAƨA#RJ Payload power2500 W (in eclipse)]ŨƨA#R8$Design lifetime12 yearsd@AƨǨ$ Beacon frequency: 11.4505 GHz, LHCP (and 11.5410 GHz backup)1 ƨ3Ǩ'  Ku-bandYǨǨA#R0(Main transponders34Y3ǨǨA#R0,Backup transpondersOǨ4ȨA#RPower15 W@ǨȨB#TBandwidth6 transponders of 36 MHz28 transponders of 54 MHzY4ȨiɨZ#B⒉Y=ίJ(*{iCoverage3 spots and 1 zone beam to Europe4 spots and 1 zone beam to Americar0ȨɨB#T`EIRP maxSpot beam: 50 dBWZone beam: 45 dBWM iɨ(ʨA#RG/T maxSɨ{ʨA#R$ SFD-90 dBW/m\(ʨʨA#R6PolarizationLinear H/V&{ʨʨ# Aʨ>˨' 4 Transponder frequenciesb!ʨ˨A#RB Europe uplink14.0 - 14.5 GHzx7>˨̨A#Rn$Europe downlink11.45 - 11.7 GHz & 12.5 - 12.75 GHze$˨}̨A#RH&North Am. uplink14.0 - 14.5 GHzg&̨̨A#RL*North Am. downlink11.7 - 12.2 GHzK$}̨/ͨ' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)b̨Ψ#~nxjyyjj0!NzĀHorizontal DownlinkTransponderVertical DownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Downlink BeamEuropean uplinkUS uplinkType@/ͨxϨ#nxjyyjj $8L`511.48354EU broad14.278 H14.278 Vtrans. or reg.GΨr#nxjyyjj&:xϨrnNb11.4831454EU spots14.278 V14.278 Hnet., trans. or reg.5xϨN#jnxjyyjj $8LV611.54654EU broad14.341 Hn/aregional<r1#xnxjyyjj&:DX11.5461554EU spotsn/a14.341 Htrans atlantic@N#nxjyyjj $8L`711.60954EU broad14.404 H14.431 Vtrans. or reg.<1#xnxjyyjj&:DX11.6091654EU spotsn/a14.404 Htrans atlantic;#vnxjyyjj $8BV811.67254EU broadn/a14.467 Vtrans atlantic<#xnxjyyjj&:DX11.6721754EU spotsn/a14.467 Htrans atlantic:#tnxjyyjj&:Nb11.7281854US broad14.028 H14.028 Vnetwork:#tnxjyyjj&:Nb2611.72854US spots14.028 V14.028 Hnetwork:c#tnxjyyjj&:Nb11.7911954US broad14.091 H14.091 Vnetwork:D #tnxjyyjj&:Nb2711.79154US spots14.091 V14.091 HnetworkAc, #nxjyyjj&:Nb11.8542054US broad14.154 H14.154 Vtrans. or reg.AD  #nxjyyjj&:Nb2811.85436US spots14.145 V14.145 Htrans. or reg.=, #znxjyyjj&:PZ2911.88536US spots14.1855 Vn/atrans atlantic6 #lnxjyyjj&:DX11.9172154US broadn/a14.217 VregionalA #nxjyyjj&:Nb3011.92636US spots14.226 V14.226 Htrans. or reg.A #nxjyyjj&:Nb11.9782254US broad14.278 H14.278 Vtrans. or reg.G #nxjyyjj&:Nb3111.97854US spots14.278 V14.278 Vnet., trans. or reg.6|@#lnxjyyjj|@n&:DX12.0412354US broadn/a14.341 Vregional<_A#xnxjyyjj&:NX3212.04154US spots14.341 Vn/atrans atlanticA|@GB#nxjyyjj&:Nb12.1042454US broad14.404 H14.404 Vtrans. or reg.<_A*C#xnxjyyjj&:NX3312.10454US spots14.404 Vn/atrans atlantic<GB D#xnxjyyjj&:NX12.1672554US broad14.467 Hn/atrans atlantic<*CD#xnxjyyjj&:NX3412.16754US spots14.467 Vn/atrans atlantic9 DE#rnxjyyjj $8L`112.52854EU broad14.028 H14.028 Vnetwork8DF#pnxjyyjj$8L^12.528954EU spots14.028 V14.028Hnetwork9EG#rnxjyyjj $8L`212.59154EU broad14.091 H14.091 Vnetwork:FpH#tnxjyyjj&:Nb12.5911054EU spots14.091 V14.091 HnetworkAGXI#nxjyyjj&:Nb12.6451136EU spots14.145 V14.145 Htrans. or reg.@pH?J#nxjyyjj $8L`312.65454EU broad14.154 H14.154 Vtrans. or reg.=XI#K#znxjyyjj&:DZ12.6851236EU spotsn/a14.1855 Htrans atlantic5?JK#jnxjyyjj $8LV412.71754EU broad14.217 Hn/aregionalA#KL#nxjyyjj&:Nb12.7261336EU spots14.226 V14.226 Htrans. or reg.&K M# 1L>M1W>MMMT+ MM) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&>MM# 8MM1 YQSM8NOrion 2HM8N8 @"I" Orion 21 MiN'  GeneralY8NNG#^$") DesignationUiNOA#R(Launch date1999t'NOM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm#O J#dFOperatorOrion Atlantic L.P.O Mo"O{M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications] ؀A#R8,Geostationary orbit12Wj{BM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane؀% U47W is the slot for which Orion got FCC's permission for Ka-band, so if the satellite carries Ka-band transponders it should be there, otherwise it should be at 12W8BI' "(OTechnical data=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)5 I) "MvKu-band8' " SpecificationsZMA#R2&Prime contractorSS/LUA#R(PlatformFS-1300TMA#R&"Mass at launchUKA#R(Dry mass3800 kgOA#RDimensionSK턩A#R$ StabilizationN ;A#RDC power]턩A#R8$Design lifetime16 years&;# 1 '  Ku-bandYHA#R0(Main transponders38YA#R0,Backup transpondersK H솩A#RPowerO;A#RBandwidthY솩A#R0,Coverage & EIRP maxM ;ᇩA#RG/T maxR3A#R"PolarizationQᇩA#R FrequenciesU13و$ bTwo 2.3 meter + a 1.1 meter diameter antennas1 '  Ka-bandWوaA#R,(Main transpondersY A#R0,Backup transpondersK aA#RPowerOTA#RBandwidthN A#RCoverageN TA#REIRP maxRBA#R"PolarizationQA#R Frequencies&B# 1ꋩ1Wꋩ>dT+>) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ꋩd# 1>1錩Td錩6 <>S*"%Orion 2's Ku-band EIRP11WnT+錩n) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 8n̍1zRPT̍Orion 3H8 @"I" Orion 31 ̍E'  GeneralYG#^$") Designationd#EA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Nov 1998t'vM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr( J#dPOperatorOrion Asia Pacific Corp.v o"v{M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^ A#R:,Geostationary orbit139Ec{<G#^8" &Launch vehicleDelta 3YG#^$Launch site<©& To be delivered in orbitOrion 3 will provide business communications services to users in all major Asia Pacific markets, including Korea, China, India, Japan, Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceana, and Hawaii. 8©' "(OTechnical data=©é' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E©Ié0 0*YpTՉC-bandKu-band8éé' " Specifications\IééA#R6&Prime contractorHughesWé4ĩA#R,PlatformHS 601 HPTéĩA#R&"Mass at launchU4ĩĩA#R(Dry mass1935 kgOĩ,ũA#RDimensionQĩ}ũA#R Solar arrayY,ũũA#R0 Stabilization3 axisT}ũ*ƩA#R&DC power6900 W]ũƩA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&*ƩƩ# 0 ƩƩ'  C-bandYƩ6ǩA#R0(Main transponders10YƩǩA#R0,Backup transpondersO6ǩǩA#RPower55 WUǩ3ȩA#R(Bandwidth36 MHz^ǩȩA#R:CoverageAsean and HawaiiT3ȩȩA#R&EIRP max37 dBWTȩ9ɩA#R&G/T max-1 dB/K\ȩɩA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VA9ɩʩB#TFrequenciesUplink: 6.425 - 6.725 GHzDownlink: 3.4 - 3.7 GHz&ɩ>ʩ# 1 ʩoʩ'  Ku-bandY>ʩʩA#R0(Main transponders25Yoʩ!˩A#R0,Backup transpondersXʩy˩A#R.Power50, 80, 140 Wf$!˩˩B#THBandwidth23 x 54 MHz2 x 27 MHz4y˩ͩE#X,Coverage & EIRP maxNE Asia: 54 dBW, 8 transponders (horizontal)SE Asia: 51 dBW, 6 transponders (vertical, up to 9 when Oceana transponders switched)India: 54 dBW, 8 transponders (horizontal)Oceana: 45 dBW, 3 transponders (vertical)S˩fͩA#R$G/T max2 dB/K\ͩͩA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VAfͩEΩB#TFrequenciesUplink: 14 - 14.5 GHzDownlink: 12.25 - 12.75 GHz&ͩkΩ# 3 EΩΩ'  Ku-band 2XkΩΩA#R.(Main transponders8YΩOϩA#R0,Backup transpondersK ΩϩA#RPowerUOϩ A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzϩ YϩeA#R0,Coverage & EIRP maxS A#R$G/T max2 dB/K\eA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VAB#TFrequenciesUplink: 14 - 14.5 GHzDownlink: 12.25 - 12.75 GHz&# 11WBhT+B) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&h# 1B1Sh6 <<T*"&Orion 3's C-band EIRP11WqT+q) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 1q1T6 <>T*"'Orion 3's Ku-band EIRP1M1WMT+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&M# 81STGOrion 4HG8 @"I" Orion 4j% For 1999 between 127W and 135Wtotal cost: $210 million3-axis stabilized, 16 transponders in Ku-band1G1W[T+[) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 8[1 PTAOrion 7O8 @0I" Orion 7, 8 & 91 9'  GeneralYG#^$") Designationf%9A#RJLaunch dateall 3 before May 2002t'lM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesk$G#^HOperatorOrion Network Systemso"lF M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsj) A#RR,Geostationary orbit89W, 81W & 78W\F G#^*" &Launch vehicleY e G#^$Launch siteh % The project is evaluated at $757 millionA fourth Ka-band satelltie for 127W is under consideration8e * ' "(OTechnical data8 b ' " SpecificationsV* A#R*&Prime contractorN b  A#RPlatformT Z A#R&"Mass at launchS A#R$ Mass in orbitOZ A#RDimensionQ M A#R Solar arrayS A#R$ StabilizationN M A#RDC powerU CA#R($Design lifetime& i# 1 C'  Ka-bandYiA#R0(Main transponders32YLA#R0,Backup transpondersOA#RPower60 WOL @A#RBandwidth @q0}@A#R`Coverage25 fixed and 2 steerable spot beamsN @@A#REIRP maxR}@AA#R"Polarization`@AB#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.25-30.0 GHz (in FDMA)Downlink: 19.7-20.2 GHz (in TDM)&AA# 1AB1WBjBBT+AjB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BB# ?jBB1MQWBCDProgram: OscarOBC8 @0R" Program: Oscar-BKD)  Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur RadioHAM radio satellite program. Oscar is a generical name for numerous satellites, they are often identified as #O-xx where # is the initial of an organization and xx the number of the satellite in the Oscar program.<CD' * External resources\5KDD' jhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/satsum.html1DE1UEQLuL<DPE) "&䵟Program: Oscar7EEs#n((u(FUOOscar 01AO-10: Oscar 10FO-20: Fuji 1B6PEFj#l("ΓF̀Bn!Oscar 02UO-11: Uosat 2AO-21: Informator6ECGs#l((TO(DѓF̀Oscar 03FO-12: Fuji 1AUO-22: Uosat 53FGd#f"n쉂@Oscar 04AO-13: Oscar 13KO-23: Kitsat ABCGHp#((ϓF̀"D:Oscar 05UO-14: Uosat 3#24 was reserved for Arsne>G=Is#|((*ГF̀(RAO-06: Oscar 06UO-15: Uosat 4KO-25: Kitsat B7HId#n"(JKAO-07: Oscar 07AO-16: PacsatIO-26: Itamsat9=IJs#r((*eOU(L|{3AO-08: Oscar 08DO-17: DoveAO-27: Eyesat5I,Ks#j(p#؀( .(FVPhase 3AWO-18: WebersatPO-28: Posat4JKd#h"͓F̀& UFJ ;UO-09: Uosat 1LO-19: LusatFO-29: Fuji 2&,KQLg#L(- (,zHMO-30: Unamsat 2Phase 3D$KuL" 9QLL1"[ULL܁Oscar 01IuLL8 @$R" Oscar 011 L(M'  Generalg LMG#^@") Designation00214 / 61034B\(MMA#R6Launch date12 Dec 1961t'M_NM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"MNM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^_N,OA#R:"Perigee/Apogee245/474 kmVNOA#R*Inclination81.2T,OOA#R&Period91.8 minp#ORM#jF"ORuL &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[OA#R4Launch siteVandenbergZRA#R2"Mass at launch4.5 kg&-# 5b'  End of lifeV-A#R*Decay31 Jan 1962$b܁" 91TU^܆Oscar 02I܁^8 @$R" Oscar 021 '  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation00305 / 62022B[QA#R4Launch date2 Jun 1962t'ŃM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"Q4M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^ŃA#R:"Perigee/Apogee188/339 kmV4脪A#R*Inclination74.2T<A#R&Period89.8 minp#脪M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena B[<A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&-# 5b'  End of lifeV-A#R*Decay21 Jun 1962$b܆" 91[UQU^퍪Oscar 03I܆^8 @$R" Oscar 031 '  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation01293 / 65016F[QA#R4Launch date9 Mar 1965t'ňM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"Q4M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^ňA#R:"Perigee/Apogee874/902 kmV4艪A#R*Inclination70.1U=A#R(Period102.7 minp#艪M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[=A#R4Launch siteVandenberg勪% qFirst Amateur satellite with solar power. First transponder. Transponder operational life 18 days (battery-limited). The 2 beacons operated for several months from the solar cells.8' "(OTechnical data8勪U' " SpecificationsYA#R0"Mass at launch18 kgWUA#R, Stabilizationnonei(nA#RPDC power2.5 W: solar cells; battery[퍪$ Transponder: 1W, 50kHz bandwidth, 146 MHz uplink, 144 MHz downlink (linear translator).9n&1kUU&oĪOscar 04I퍪o8 @$R" Oscar 041 &'  Generalg oG#^@") Designation01902 / 65108C\cA#R6Launch date21 Dec 1965t'׏M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"cRM#jD"׏R퍪H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`׏A#R>"Perigee/Apogee162/33549 kmVRA#R*Inclination26.8U]A#R(Period587.5 minn!M#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #7&]# 5&ª'  End of lifeV|ªA#R*Decay12 Apr 1976e&ªê$ Built by TRW radio club. Intended on a high altitude but the launch vehicle had a partial failure8|ª=ê' "(OTechnical data8êuê' " SpecificationsN=êĪA#R StabilizationSpin generated by a spring on separation from launch vehicle[uê_ĪA#R4DC power10 W, batteryE!ĪĪ$ BBeacon: 432 MHz. No telemetry9_ĪĪ1QUUĪ&ŪʪOscar 05IĪ&Ū8 @$R" Oscar 05;ĪaŪ# 0Also called Australis1 &ŪŪ'  Generalg aŪŪG#^@") Designation04321 / 70008B\ŪUƪA#R6Launch date23 Jan 1970p#ŪƪM#jF"N ,Country of originAustraliao"Uƪ4ǪM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ƪǪA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1431/1475 kmW4ǪǪA#R,Inclination101.4SǪ>ȪA#R$Period115 min\ǪȪG#^*" &Launch vehicle[>ȪȪA#R4Launch siteVandenbergȪɪ% Built at University of Melbourne, Australia. Launched with Tiros weather satellite. Command receiver (on 2m) and hardwired decoder (first remote control of an amateur satellite). Operational life: 46 days.8Ȫ#ʪ' "(OTechnical data8ɪ[ʪ' " Specificationsc"#ʪʪA#RD StabilizationPassive magnetic$[ʪʪ" 9ʪ˪1UV˪d˪Oscar 06Iʪd˪8 @$R" Oscar 06C ˪˪# @Also called AO-06 or Phase 2A1 d˪˪'  Generalg ˪?̪G#^@") Designation06236 / 72082B\˪̪A#R6Launch date15 Oct 1972t'?̪ͪM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"̪~ͪM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ͪͪA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1446/1452 kmU~ͪ3ΪA#R(Inclination102UͪΪA#R(Period114.9 min\3ΪΪG#^*" &Launch vehicle[Ϊ?ϪA#R4Launch siteVandenbergΪj+ $쉂First complex control system (discrete logic). First satellite-satellite communication (via Oscar 07). Demonstrated Doppler-location of ground sta?Ϫjʪtions for search and rescue. Demonstrated low-cost medical data relay from remote locations.5?Ϫ'  End of life_jA#R<"Out of service21 Jun 1977ZXA#R2CauseBattery failure&~# 8X' "(OTechnical data8~' " Specificationsc"QA#RD StabilizationPassive magneticb!A#RBDC power5.5 W (NiCd battery)D Q$ @1 W downlink, 435 MHz beacon901U>V0z7 Oscar 07Jz8 @&R" Oscar 0770# (Also called AO-071 z'  Generalg IG#^@") Designation07530 / 74089B\A#R6Launch date15 Nov 1974t'IM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1438/1456 kmW?A#R,Inclination101.9UA#R(Period114.8 mins&?M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #104% MEarly demonstrations of low-budget medical data relay and doppler location of ground transmitters for search-and-rescue operations were done using this satellite.5'  End of lifeX_A#R."Out of service1980ZA#R2CauseBattery failure&_# 8 ' "(OTechnical data8O ' " Specificationsc" A#RD StabilizationPassive magnetica O  A#R@DC power15 W (NiCd battery)$ 7 " 9 p 1VVp AOscar 08I7 8 @$R" Oscar 08C p # @Also called AO-08 or Phase 2D1 - '  Generalg G#^@") Designation10703 / 78026B[- A#R4Launch date5 Mar 1978t' c M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^c 0 A#R:"Perigee/Apogee893/903 kmV A#R*Inclination99.2S0 A#R$Period103 mins& LM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #139& r# 5L'  End of life_rA#R<"Out of service24 Jun 1983Z`A#R2CauseBattery failure&# 8`' "(OTechnical data8 @' " Specifications @7 [g@A#R4"Mass at launch25.8 kgc" @@A#RD StabilizationPassive magnetica g@+AA#R@DC power15 W (NiCd battery)eA@A$ Beacons: 29.402 MHz 110mW, 435.095 MHz 100 mW, both Morse CW.9+AA1>VVABCPhase 3AIAB8 @$R" Phase 3A5AGB'  End of life_BBA#R<"Out of service23 May 1980o(GBCG#^P&+CauseLaunch failure of Ariane L02VBkCA#R*Decay23 May 1980$CC" 9kCC14 VWCD0Oscar 10ICD8 @$R" Oscar 10C CTD# @Also called AO-10 or Phase 3B1 DD'  Generalg TDDG#^@") Designation14129 / 83058B\DHEA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1983n!DEM#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo"HE%FM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsa EFA#R@"Perigee/Apogee4007/35442 kmV%FFA#R*Inclination27.2UF1GA#R(Period699.5 minn!FGM#jB" &*+Launch vehicleAriane L06Z1GGA#R2"Mass at launch155 kgGI% First amateur satellite with onboard propulsion. The booster bumped Oscar 10 shortly after separation which damaged one or more of its antennas and also caused other internal injuries because the second and subsequent kick motor firings never happended. This left the spacecraft in a lower inclination elliptical orbit. This meant that the bird didn't have the intended operational coverage nor enough solar panel illumination to sustain full operations.<G$J' *O External resourcesZ3I~J' fhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/ao10.html8$JJ' "(OTechnical data8~JJ' " SpecificationsVJDKA#R*&Prime contractorN JKA#RPlatformTDKKA#R&"Mass at launchSK9LA#R$ Mass in orbitOKLA#RDimensionQ9LLA#R Solar array_L8MA#R< StabilizationMagnetorquere$LMA#RHDC power50 W (2 NiCd batteries)U8MMA#R($Design lifetime&MN# u4MNA#Rh0"General beacon145.809 MHz (unmodulated carrier)r1NNA#Rb0*Engineering beacon145.987 MHz (switched off)r1NqOA#Rb0 Mode B uplink435.030 - 435.180 MHz (SSB, CW)>N A#R|0$Mode B downlink145.825 - 145.975 MHz (SSB, CW, inverting)qO C$qO0" 9 i1cViëOscar 13I08 @$R" Oscar 13C i# @Also called AO-13 or Phase 3C1 &'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19216 / 88051B\&遫A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1988t']M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"遫̂M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`],A#R>"Perigee/Apogee809/37995 kmV̂A#R*Inclination57.9U,׃A#R(Period686.6 minn!EM#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V23]׃Dž% Much improved brother to Oscar 10: it has the ability to automatically select transponders for each mode at different points in its orbit. However problems occured: it had a RUDAK experiment onboard that failed shortly after launch. Also, in June 1993, the 70 cm downlink transmitter ceased to function, putting an end to Mode J and L operation.5E'  End of lifeUDžQA#R(Decay6 Dec 1996&w# <Q' *O External resourcesZ3w ' fhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/ao13.html8E' "(OTechnical data8 }' " SpecificationsVEӇA#R*&Prime contractorN }!A#RPlatformZӇ{A#R2"Mass at launch140 kgX!ӈA#R. Mass in orbit90 kgO{"A#RDimensionQӈsA#R Solar array_"҉A#R< StabilizationMagnetorquera s3A#R@DC power50 W (NiCd battery)U҉A#R($Design lifetimekF3% Payload power: 145 MHz - 50 W; 435 MHz - 111 W; 2350 MHz - 1.25 Wo.bA#R\0"general beacon145.812 mhz (psk, cw, rtty)s2ՋA#Rd0*engineering beacon145.985 mhz (psk, cw, rtty)r1bGA#Rb0 mode b uplink435.423 - 435.573 mhz (ssb, cw)>ՋƌA#R|0$mode b downlink145.825 - 145.975 mhz (ssb, cw, inverting)k*G1A#RT0"general beacon435.651 mhz (psk, rtty)o.ƌA#R\0*engineering beacon435.677 mhz (psk, rtty)t31A#Rf0 mode l uplink1269.351 - 1269.641 mhz (ssb, cw)?A#R~0$mode l downlink435.715 - 436.005 mhz (ssb, cw, inverting)r1A#Rb0 mode j uplink144.423 - 144.473 mhz (ssb, cw)>A#R|0$mode j downlink435.940 - 435.990 mhz (ssb, cw, inverting)d# A#RF0beacon2400.325 mhz (psk, rtty) 0d#pA#RF0beacon2400.664 mhz (psk, rtty)w6 A#Rl0 mode s uplink435.603 - 435.639 mhz (ssb, cw, fm)z9paA#Rr0$mode s downlink2400.711 - 2400.747 mhz (ssb, cw, fm)l+A#RV0rudak uplink1269.710 mhz (inoperative)m,a:«A#RX0"rudak downlink435.677 mhz (inoperative)ë% KThe beacon output alternates between CW, 50 baud RTTY and 400 bps PSK. Beacon transmissions contain satellite engineering data and bulletins from ground control.= :«Aë1߀TYAëëëProgram: OSOMëë8 @,N d%" Program: OSOh@Aëë( Orbiting Solar ObservatoryAmerican Sun observation program1ë'ī1'īūvëūk ū1^W>ūūʫOSO 1Fūū8 @N d%" OSO 11 >ūū'  Generalg ūƫG#^@") Designation00255 / 62006A[ūwƫA#R4Launch date7 Mar 1962t'ƫƫM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+wƫcǫM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^ƫǫA#R:"Perigee/Apogee522/553 kmVcǫȫA#R*Inclination32.8TǫkȫA#R&Period95.3 minq$ȫȫM#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #8&kȫɫ# 5ȫ7ɫ'  End of life\ɫɫA#R6"Out of serviceApr 1963U7ɫɫA#R(Decay8 Oct 1981&ɫʫ# <ɫJʫ' *O External resourcesg@ʫʫ' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso1.html6Jʫʫ1^ZW6Wʫ-˫ZϫOSO 2Fʫ-˫8 @N d%" OSO 21 ʫ^˫'  Generalg -˫˫G#^@") Designation00987 / 65007A[^˫ ̫A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1965t'˫̫M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+ ̫ ͫM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^̫jͫA#R:"Perigee/Apogee294/306 kmV ͫͫA#R*Inclination32.8TjͫΫA#R&Period90.5 minr%ͫΫM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #29&ΫΫ# 5ΫΫ'  End of lifeUΫ6ϫA#R(Decay9 Aug 1989$ΫZϫ" 66ϫϫ1lWXϫϫOSO 3FZϫϫ8 @N d%" OSO 31 ϫ'  GeϫZϫneralg ϫzG#^@") Designation02703 / 67020A[A#R4Launch date8 Mar 1967t'zIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+M#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^IA#R:"Perigee/Apogee546/570 kmVuA#R*Inclination32.8TA#R&Period95.8 minr%u;M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #46&a# 5;'  End of life\aA#R6"Out of serviceNov 1969UGA#R(Decay4 Apr 1982&m# <G' *O External resourcesg@m' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso3.html6F1a6W7XF OSO 4F8 @N d%" OSO 41 F'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation03000 / 67100A\A#R6Launch date18 Oct 1967t'$M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+lM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee552/555 kmVl A#R*Inclination32.9TtA#R&Period95.7 minr% M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #53&t # 5A '  End of life\ A#R6"Out of serviceDec 1971VA A#R*Decay15 Jun 1982&  # < U ' *O External resourcesg@ ' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso4.html6U 1lX@X 8 s@OSO 5F 8 8 @N d%" OSO 51 i '  Generalg 8 G#^@") Designation03663 / 69006A\i , A#R6Launch date22 Jan 1969t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+,  M#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^ v A#R:"Perigee/Apogee538/559 kmT A#R&Inclination33Tv A#R&Period95.6 minr% M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #64&# 5'  End of life\GA#R6"Out of serviceJul 1975UA#R(Decay2 Apr 1984&G# < @' *O External resources @ g@s@' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso5.html6 @@1_7XX@@FOSO 6Fs@@8 @N d%" OSO 61 @ A'  Generalg @AG#^@") Designation04065 / 69068A[ AAA#R4Launch date9 Aug 1969t'AVBM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+ABM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^VB,CA#R:"Perigee/Apogee489/554 kmVBCA#R*Inclination32.9T,CCA#R&Period95.1 minr%CHDM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #72&CnD# 5HDD'  End of life\nDDA#R6"Out of serviceJan 1972UDTEA#R(Decay7 Mar 1981&DzE# <TEE' *O External resourcesg@zEF' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso6.html6ESF1`@XXSFFKOSO 7FFF8 @N d%" OSO 71 SFF'  Generalg F1GG#^@") Designation05491 / 71083A\FGA#R6Launch date29 Sep 1971t'1GHM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+GyHM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^HHA#R:"Perigee/Apogee326/572 kmVyH-IA#R*Inclination33.1THIA#R&Period93.5 minr%-IIM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #85&IJ# 5INJ'  End of life\JJA#R6"Out of serviceJul 1974UNJJA#R(Decay9 Jul 1974&J%K# <JaK' *O External resourcesg@%KK' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso7.html6aKK1XKDLၬOSO 8FKDL8 @N d%" OSO 81 KuL'  Generalg DLLG#^@") Designation07970 / 75057A\uL8MA#R6Launch date21 Jun 1975t'LMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+8M$NM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^MNA#R:"Perigee/Apogee539/553 kmV$NNA#R*Inclination32.9TN,OA#R&Period95.6 mins&NOM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #112[,O A#R4"Mass at launch1064 kgO K&O2# 5 g'  End of life\2ÀA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1978UgA#R(Decay9 Jul 1986&À># <z' *O External resourcesg@>ၬ' http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso8.html= z1W5YkBProgram: OTSMၬk8 @,} d%" Program: OTSB/ ,Q  Orbital Test SatelliteEuropean experimental telecommunication program decided by the CEPT (Confrence Europenne des Postes et Tlcommunications) with the EBU.1ks1sσ\"Bσ: DDkSoiVpiVProgram: OTSOTS 1OTS 21s1Uڇ9σ9# ,OTS' specificationsq0A#R`0&Prime contractorBritish Aerospace (now MMS)Q9A#R 0PlatformOTSZUA#R20"Mass at launch865 kgYA#R00 Mass in orbit444 kg`UA#R>0Dimension2.4 x 2.1 x 1.7 m[iA#R40Solar array9.3 m spanY†A#R00 Stabilization3 axisd"i&B#TD0DC powerBOL: 750 WEOL: 555 W\†A#R60$Design lifetime3 yearsX&ڇA#R.0"Phone circuits6000$" 1ڇ/1U/LpG$v# HOTS' Ku-band (downlink in 11 GHz)2 /'  Module AXvA#R.0(Main transponders4YYA#R00,Backup transpondersOA#R0Power20 Wh&YB#TL0Bandwidth2 of 40 MHz2 of 120 MHzy7B#Tn0Coverage40 MHz: European beam A120 MHz: spot beam\劬A#R60Polarizationlinear H/V& # 2 劬='  Module BX A#R.0(Main transponders2Y=A#R00,Backup transpondersO=A#R0Power20 WTA#R&0Bandwidth5 MHz]=A#R80CoverageEuropean beam B^LA#R:0Polarizationcircular L/R$p" 6L1Y썬OTS 1Fp썬8 @} d%" OTS 15!'  End of lifen-썬A#RZ"Out of service13 Sep 1977 (Friday 13th!)v/!G#^^p㉂CauseLaunch failure of a Thor Delta #134&+# 8c' "(Technical dataM+0 0:8ӉSpecificationsKu-band6c 13#Y RTĬOTS 2 FR8 @} d%" OTS 21 '  Generalg RG#^@") Designation10855 / 78044A\FA#R6Launch date11 May 1978m M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo"F"¬M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]¬A#R8,Geostationary orbit10Es&"¬¬M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #141&¬ì# 5¬Mì'  End of life\ììA#R6"Out of serviceJan 1991&Mìì# 8ìĬ' "(Technical dataMìTĬ0 0:8ӉSpecificationsKu-band< ĬĬ1Y\ĬĬŬProgram: OVLTĬĬ8 @*" Program: OVĬŬ+ $S Orbiting VehicleAmerican programEach OV1 payload had its own propulsion module. Some OV1 missions carried also a suborbital payload (FIRE 1 & 2, ABRES 6, SSP 29)1ĬŬ1ŬiǬŬiǬ @QdIoZ0qZ0rZ0uZ0vZ0Z0Z0Z0Z0Z0   0123"""Program: OVOV 1-02OV 1-04OV 1-05OV 1-08OV 1-09OV 1-10OV 1-13OV 1-14OV 1-19OV 1-21OV 2-1OV 2-3OV 2-5OV 3-1OV 3-2OV 3-3OV 3-4OV 5-5OV 5-6OV 5-98ŬǬ1̃YǬǬˬOV 1-02HiǬǬ8 @"" OV 1-021 ǬȬ'  Generalg ǬȬG#^@") Designation01613 / 65078A[ȬȬA#R4Launch date5 Oct 1965t'ȬPɬM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUȬɬG#^"H̀Mission_PɬʬA#R<"Perigee/Apogee406/2731 kmWɬ[ʬA#R,Inclination144.2UʬʬA#R(Period117.5 minc[ʬˬG#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas D[ʬnˬA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$ˬˬ" 8nˬˬ1‚YՄYˬ̬ϬOV 1-04Hˬ̬8 @"" OV 1-041 ˬC̬'  Generalg ̬̬G#^@") Designation02121 / 66025A\C̬ͬA#R6Launch date30 Mar 1966t'̬zͬM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUͬͬG#^"H̀Mission_zͬ.άA#R<"Perigee/Apogee884/1008 kmWͬάA#R,Inclination144.5S.άάA#R$Period104 mincά;ϬG#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas D[άϬA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$;ϬϬ" 8Ϭ 1̃Y Z TOV 1-05Ϭ ϬHϬT8 @"" OV 1-051 '  Generalg TG#^@") Designation02122 / 66025B\HA#R6Launch date30 Mar 1966t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUHG#^"H̀Mission_pA#R<"Perigee/Apogee985/1055 kmWA#R,Inclination144.6UpA#R(Period105.6 mincG#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas D[A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$" 861ՄY;Z6~OV 1-08H~8 @"" OV 1-081 6'  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation02324 / 66063A\rA#R6Launch date14 Jul 1966t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUr;G#^"H̀Mission_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee985/1022 kmW;A#R,Inclination144.2UFA#R(Period105.2 mincG#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas D[FA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&*# 5_'  End of lifeU*A#R(Decay4 Jan 1978$_" 8 1 ZEZ X  OV 1-09HX 8 @"" OV 1-091  '  Generalg X G#^@") Designation02610 / 66111A\ L A#R6Launch date11 Dec 1966t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUL  G#^"H̀Mission_ t A#R<"Perigee/Apogee471/4626 kmV A#R*Inclination99.1Ut  A#R(Period139.9 minc G#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas D[ A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$  " 8 9 1;ZKZ9 BAOV 1-10H 8 @"" OV 1-101 9 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation02611 / 66111B\ uA#R6Launch date11 Dec 1966t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUu>G#^"H̀Mission^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee538/604 kmV> @A#R*Inclination93.4 @ T`@A#R&Period96.1 minc @@G#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas D[`@AA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$@BA" 8AzA1EZTZzAAjEOV 1-13HBAA8 @"" OV 1-131 zAA'  Generalg AZBG#^@") Designation03173 / 68026A[ABA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1968t'ZB)CM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUB~CG#^"H̀Mission_)CCA#R<"Perigee/Apogee564/9241 kmV~C3DA#R*Inclination99.9UCDA#R(Period198.7 minc3DDG#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas F[DFEA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$DjE" 8FEE1KZ\ZEEIOV 1-14HjEE8 @"" OV 1-141 EF'  Generalg EFG#^@") Designation03174 / 68026B[FFA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1968t'FQGM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUFGG#^"H̀Mission_QGHA#R<"Perigee/Apogee540/9892 kmUGZHA#R(Inclination100UHHA#R(Period207.1 mincZHIG#^8" &Launch vehicleAtlas F[HmIA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$II" 8mII1TZgZ IJMOV 1-19HIJ8 @"" OV 1-191 IBJ'  Generalg JJG#^@") Designation03825 / 69025C\BJKA#R6Launch date18 Mar 1969t'JyKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUKKG#^"H̀Mission_yK-LA#R<"Perigee/Apogee482/5583 kmWKLA#R,Inclination104.8U-LLA#R(Period151.4 mincL"Perigee/Apogee167/33662 kmVA#R*Inclination26.4UOA#R(Period589.3 minn!hM#jB" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #7&# 5hÊ'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay17 Aug 1975$Ê=" 7t1[[ tOV 2-5G=8 @ " OV 2-51 t십'  Generalg SG#^@") Designation03428 / 68081A\십A#R6Launch date26 Sep 1968t'S#M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUxG#^"H̀MissionY#эA#R0,Geostationary orbito"x@M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #31&эf# 5@'  End of lifeWfA#R,"Out of serviceyes$" 7M1[[M­OV 3-1G8 @ " OV 3-11 Mŏ'  Generalg 8G#^@")ŏ8 Designation02150 / 66034A\ŏA#R6Launch date22 Apr 1966t'8M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesU]G#^"H̀Mission_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee339/4068 kmV]­A#R*Inclination82.4Ug­A#R(Period131.9 minm ­­M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #44$g­­" 7­/í1:[ҁ[/ívíǭOV 3-2G­ví8 @ " OV 3-21 /íí'  Generalg víĭG#^@") Designation02517 / 66097A\íjĭA#R6Launch date28 Oct 1966t'ĭĭM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUjĭ3ŭG#^"H̀Mission_ĭŭA#R<"Perigee/Apogee319/1599 kmV3ŭŭA#R*Inclination81.9Uŭ=ƭA#R(Period104.2 minm ŭƭM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #49&=ƭƭ# 5ƭǭ'  End of lifeVƭ[ǭA#R*Decay29 Sep 1971$ǭǭ" 7[ǭǭ1[Ă[ǭǭT˭OV 3-3Gǭǭ8 @ " OV 3-31 ǭ.ȭ'  Generalg ǭȭG#^@") Designation02389 / 66070A[.ȭȭA#R4Launch date4 Aug 1966t'ȭdɭM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUȭɭG#^"H̀Mission_dɭʭA#R<"Perigee/Apogee348/3132 kmVɭnʭA#R*Inclination81.4UʭʭA#R(Period121.3 minm nʭ0˭M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #47$ʭT˭" 70˭˭1ҁ[[˭˭)ϭOV 3-4GT˭˭8 @ " OV 3-41 ˭̭'  Generalg ˭j̭G#^@") Designation02201 / 66052A[̭̭A#R4Launch date9 Jun 1966t'j̭9ͭM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesṶͭG#^"H̀Mission_9ͭͭA#R<"Perigee/Apogee643/4704 kmVͭCέA#R*Inclination40.9UͭέA#R(Period142.9 minm CέϭM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #44$έ)ϭ" 7ϭ`ϭ1Ă[\`ϭϭ[OV 5-5G)ϭϭ8 @ " OV 5-51 `ϭϭ'  Generalg ϭKG#^@"ϭK)ϭ) Designation03950 / 69046A\ϭA#R6Launch date23 May 1969t'KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUpG#^"H̀Missionb!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee59630/69130 kmTp&A#R&Inclination33V|A#R*Period3121.9 min\&G#^*" &Launch vehicle_|7A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$[" 771S[\OV 5-6G[8 @ " OV 5-61  '  Generalg qG#^@") Designation03951 / 69046B\ A#R6Launch date23 May 1969t'qAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUG#^"H̀Missionb!AA#RB"Perigee/Apogee59540/69022 kmVNA#R*Inclination33.6VA#R*Period3115.4 min\NG#^*" &Launch vehicle__A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 8_' "(OTechnical data># 6Transmits on 136.380 MHz721\2y# OV 5-9Gy8 @ " OV 5-91 2'  Generalg y G#^@") Designation03952 / 69046C\m A#R6Launch date23 May 1969t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesUm 6 G#^"H̀Missionb! A#RB"Perigee/Apogee59543/69011 kmV6 A#R*Inclination33.5V D A#R*Period3115.1 min\ G#^*" &Launch vehicle_D A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$ # " ; ^ 1 5Y4\^ HQuick Bird;# , ( " Quick Bird1 ^ '  GeneralY # G#^$") DesignationZ } A#R2Launch datelate 1998t'# M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesU} FG#^"H̀Missionk* A#RT"Perigee/Apogee600 km, sun-synchronousTFA#R&Inclination52L QA#RPeriodlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CQQ@A#R L@# aunch siteW@* $IUS satellite operated by Earth Watch Inc. The cost of the systems is $200 million<@@' *O External resourcesS,@*A' Xhttp://www.ball.com/aerospace/qbird.html8@bA' "(OTechnical data8*AA' " Specificationsd#bAAA#RF0&Prime contractorBall aerospaceN ALBA#R0PlatformZABA#R20"Mass at launch900 kgXLBBA#R.0Payload mass300 kgOBMCA#R0DimensionQBCA#R 0Solar arraySMCCA#R$0 StabilizationSCDDA#R$0DC power350 W\CDA#R60$Design lifetime5 years}YDDE$ Body-pointed spacecraft with 30 fore-and-aft, and side-to-side pointing capability=DZE' , Panchromatic SensorYEEA#R00Wavebands450-900 nmq0ZE$FA#R`0Resolution0.82 m, image size: 22 km x 22 km&EJF# >$FF' . Multispectral SensorTJF GD#X0WavebandsBlue: 450-520 nmGreen: 520-600 nmRed: 630-690 nmNear IR: 760-900 nmq0FGA#R`0Resolution3.28 m, image size: 22 km x 22 kmb: GH( uCamera provided by KodakOn-board data storage: 137 GigabitsThe uplink and downlink receivers both use NSA-approved encryption/decryption, with an emergency time-out on the uplink decryptor to allow unencrypted access in case of a system failure. Uplink: S-band (2 kbps), Downlink: X-band (4, 16 or 256 kbps)1G$I1W$IxIIT+HxI) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&$II# : xII1 \]IJQuickscat:IJ, (" Quickscat8IJJ# *Quick Scattermeter1 J{J'  GeneralYJJJG#^$") Designationa {J5KA#R@Launch dateplanned Nov 1998t'JKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesU5KKG#^"H̀Missionj)KhLA#RR"Perigee/Apogee803 km sun-synchronous\KLA#R6Inclinationnear-polar L hLMA#RPeriodfLvMG#^>" &Launch vehicleTitan 23G?QMMA#R Launch sitepDvM7N, (isWorth $32 millionTo replace the NSCAT payload aboard Adeos 18MoN' "(OTechnical data87NN' " Specificationsd#oN OA#RF&Prime contractorBall AerospaceVNaOA#R*PlatformBCP 2000Z OOA#R2"Mass at launch870 kgXaOA#R.PayOIload mass220 kgOOnA#RDimensionQA#R Solar arraySnA#R$ StabilizationSeA#R$DC power300 W\A#R6$Design lifetime2 years.e* " The payload is provided by JPL. Pointing accuracy: <0.3S-band telemetry and commanddata downlink in S-band at 2 Mbps8 Gbit solid-state recorderBall will provide launch support and mission control and operations for a two-year period following launch.1 1W tT+t) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # 7tу14\]уPacsat? 2 4"  PacsatY0уi) "`䵟Also called Microsat 1 or AO-16 or Oscar 161 '  Generalg iG#^@") Designation20439 / 90005D\]A#R6Launch date22 Jan 1990t'хM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"]@M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^хA#R:"Perigee/Apogee781/797 kmV@A#R*Inclination98.6UIA#R(Period100.6 minn!M#jB" &6D+Launch vehicleAriane V35XIA#R."Mass at launch9 kgH$W$ HBased on a Amsat-NA Microsat bus<' *O External resourcesfW!( http://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/nk6k/msatmain.htmlhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/ao16.html8Y' "(Technical data_!A#R< S-Band beacon2401.143 MHzFYA#R cB#TUplink1200 bps Manchester coded (Biphase-L) FSK (FM) AX.25145.900 145.920 145.940 145.960 MHzF銮A#R PzA#RDownlink1200 bps BPSK (SSB) AX.25, either one of the two frequencies below:銮FC#T437.026 MHz (LHCP in northern hemisphere), normal unfiltered PSK437.051 MHz (RHCP in northern hemisphere), Raised Cosine modulationF"z$ DPassive magnetic stabilization7FÌ1]]Ì®Pageos? 2 4"  PageosS-ÌU& Z Passive Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite1 '  Generalg U퍮G#^@") Designation02253 / 66056A\IA#R6Launch date24 Jun 1966t'퍮M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#I-M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: Geodesy`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee2953/5207 kmV- A#R*Inclination84.4 UaA#R(Period177.4 minp# M#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[a,A#R4Launch siteVandenbergvO®' Was an inflatable 30 (or 41?) m diameter aluminum coated mylar balloon weighing 55 kg.In 1975 the satellite broke up into dozens of pieces... numerous decayed but some remain in orbit. They are of special interest for scientist studying solar radiation pressure (SRP)... because on some orbits, the debris actually gain altitude!7,®1]]®îîPaksat7 ®î, (" Paksat®î' wSatellite planned by the Pakistani government, to be ordered from Alcatel Espace. Contract worth $220 million. The satellite should carry 26 transponders and have 15 years lifetime.1î#Į1W#ĮwĮĮT+îwĮ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&#ĮĮ# @wĮĮ1Q]сaĮ)ŮIȮProgram: PalapaLĮ)Ů5 :07" Program: PalapaxĮǮB RCIxDuU "Palapa" means "unity" in IndonesianIndonesian telecommunication programThe program was developped in 1975 to solve communications (phone, TV) problems between the numerous islands that compose the country. Two years after the Philippines asked to use to system for their national communications. In 1979 Intelsat recognized the system as a regional operator. Nowadays the Palapa system is operated by two companies. PT Telkom is state owned and operates (and operated) the Palapa A, B and D's. Palapa C's are operated by a private company, PT Satelindo. A third company owns and operates a few transponders: PT PSNfB)ŮIȮ$ PT Telkom (state-owned) and PT Satelindo should join forces...1ǮzȮ1HzȮɮIȮɮz €;>؀:9:92:93:9有有5:9]:9^:9_:9:9Program: PalapaPalapa A1Palapa A2Palapa B1Palapa B2Palapa B2 PPalapa B2 RPalapa B4Palapa C1Palapa C2Palapa C3Palapa D11zȮɮ1ɮ̮7ɮɮ# (Palapa A's C-bandYɮRʮA#R00(Main transponders12YɮʮA#R00,Backup transpondersK RʮʮA#R0PowerUʮKˮA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzWʮˮA#R,0CoverageIndonesiaTKˮˮA#R&0EIRP max34 dBWRˮḪA#R"0Polarization`<ˮ̮$ xSatellite designed by Hughes (HS-333), lifetime: 7 years1Ḫ̮1U ̮h?̮ͮ# 8Palapa B's specifications\̮tͮA#R60&Prime contractorHughesTͮͮA#R&0PlatformHS-376[tͮ#ήA#R40"Mass at launch1200 kgYͮ|ήA#R00 Mass in orbit628 kgT#ήήA#R&0Diameter2.16 m[|ή+ϮA#R40Height6.83 m deployedb!ήϮA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedY+Ϯ A#R00DC powerBOL: 1062 WϮ ̮\ϮhA#R60$Design lifetime8 years$ " 1h1U!Os7# (Palapa B's C-bandYMA#R00(Main transponders24ZA#R20,Backup transponders6VMA#R*0Power10 W (TWTA)URA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzWA#R,0CoverageIndonesiaTRA#R&0EIRP max34 dBWROA#R"0Polarization$s" 1O1"Q?s# 8Palapa C's specifications\?A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTA#R&PlatformHS-601[?A#R4"Mass at launch2990 kgZHA#R2 Mass in orbit1800 kg`A#R>Dimension4.5 x 3.4 x 2.8 mUHA#R(Solar array20 mYVA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYA#R0DC powerEOL: 3400 W]V A#R8$Design lifetime14 yearsE!Q$ BFeatures 4 octogonal antennas1 1U#R v 7Q# (Palapa C's C-bandh'!A#RN(Main transponders24 + 6 (extended)Z{A#R2,Backup transponders8F! B#TPowerstandard freq.: 21.5 W (SSPA)extended freq.: 26.75 W (SSPA)U{X A#R(Bandwidth36 Mhzv # U#z8,]>!^>!_>!Coverage & EIRP maxIndonesia and New Zealand: 36.5 dBWIndonesia: 37 dBWAsia beam (India to Japan): 36 dBWTX w A#R&G/T max-1 dB/KX# A#R.PolarizationlinearAw R B#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.925-6.665 GHzDownlink: 3.400-4.200 GHz$ v " 1R 1U$ 6Z8v # *Palapa C's Ku-bandX 7 A#R.(Main transponders4Z A#R2,Backup transponders2P7 A#RPower130 WU 6 A#R(Bandwidth72 MHz{ N#l*,?!?!Coverage & EIRP maxK1 (Indonesia, Thailand to HongKong): 50 dBW (horizontal)K2 (Japan & Korea): 50 dBW (vertical)T6 SA#R&G/T max+3 dB/K\ A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VES6B#TFrequenciesUplink: 13.750-14.490 GHzDownlink: 10.950-11.690 GHz$Z" 161U%׉Y6Z @# lPalapa C's C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz) @Z"l.A#<njjkj!*!X!n!!!HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkChannelVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkCoverage' @A#"Nnjjkj"0(2^>!_>!3.7201H5.945C1 or C2.AB#>njjkj,02^>!5.9651V3.740C1(AC#"Pnjjkj"0(2^>!]>!3.7602H5.985C1 or C1'BSD#>njjkj,02^>!6.0052V3.780C1'C#E#"Nnjjkj"0(2^>!_>!3.8003H6.025C1 or C2SDE#>njjkj,02^>!6.0453V3.820C1(#EF#"Pnjjkj"0(2^>!]>!3.8404H6.065C1 or C1'ExG#>njjkj,02^>!6.0854V3.860C1'FHH#"Nnjjkj"0(2^>!_>!3.8805H6.105C1 or C2xG I#>njjkj,02^>!6.1255V3.900C1(HHI#"Pnjjkj"0(2^>!]>!3.9206H6.145C1 or C1' IJ#>njjkj,02^>!6.1256V3.940C1'ImK#"Nnjjkj"0(2^>!_>!3.9607H6.185C1 or C2J/L#>njjkj,02^>!6.2057V3.980C1(mKM#"Pnjjkj"0(2^>!]>!4.0008H6.225C1 or C1'/LM#>njjkj,02^>!6.2458V4.020C1'MN#"Nnjjkj"0(2^>!_>!4.0409H6.265C1 or C2MTO#>njjkj,02^>!6.2859V4.060C1)N2#"Rnjjkj $2(4^>!]>!TO2Z4.08010H6.305C1 or C1' TO#@njjkj .24^>!6.32510V4.100C1(2Ɓ#"Pnjjkj $2(4^>!_>!4.12011H6.345C1 or C2 #@njjkj .24^>!6.36511V4.140C1)Ɓ[#"Rnjjkj $2(4^>!]>!4.16012H6.385C1 or C1' #@njjkj .24^>!6.40512V4.180C1[ʄ# njjkj (#"Pnjjkj $2(4^>!_>!3.4201EH6.445C1 or C2)ʄm#"Rnjjkj $2(4^>!]>!3.4602EH6.485C1 or C1'(>#"Pnjjkj $2(4^>!_>!3.5003EH6.525C1 or C2)m#"Rnjjkj $2(4^>!]>!3.5404EH6.565C1 or C1'(>ሯ#"Pnjjkj $2(4^>!_>!3.5805EH6.605C1 or C2)#"Rnjjkj $2(4^>!]>!3.6206EH6.645C1 or C1'$ሯ׉" 11W&\T+׉\) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 1\1'Z7 # nPalapa C's Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)!a#B  * UplinkChannelDownlinkg R#t*13.7901K10.990g]R#t*13.9502K11.150gČR#t*14.2903K11.490g]+R#t*14.4504K11.650Č& iHorizontal downlink polarization is K1 coverage; Vertical downlink polarization is K2 coverageSignal can be uplinked in both polarization so that the 2 coverage zones are used1+61W(6T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&6# : ꎯ1"΀_)ꎯ0#ïPalapa A1F05 :$7" Palapa A11 ꎯa'  Generalg 0ȏG#^@") Designation09009 / 76066A[a/A#R4ȏ/Launch date8 Jul 1976p#ȏM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao"/M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]kA#R8,Geostationary orbit83Es&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #125&k¯# 59¯'  End of lifeX¯¯A#R."Out of service1985&9¯¯# 8¯¯' "(Technical data4 ¯#ï) "`hC-band: ¯]ï1q__*]ïïǯPalapa A2F#ïï5 :$7" Palapa A21 ]ïï'  Generalg ï;įG#^@") Designation09862 / 77018A\ïįA#R6Launch date10 Mar 1977p#;įůM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao"įvůM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]ůůA#R8,Geostationary orbit77Es&vůFƯM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #129&ůlƯ# 5FƯƯ'  End of lifeXlƯƯA#R."Out of service1988&Ưǯ# 8ƯWǯ' "(Technical data4 ǯǯ) "`hC-band: Wǯǯ1΀__+ǯ ȯlϯPalapa B1Fǯ ȯ5 :$7" Palapa B1<ǯGȯ# 2Palapa Pacific 1 (PP1)1 ȯxȯ'  Generalg GȯȯG#^@") Designation14134 / 83059C\xȯ;ɯA#R6Launch date18 Jun 1983p#ȯɯM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao";ɯʯM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!ɯ|ʯA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowjʯʯM#j:" &㫜Launch vehicleSTS 07|ʯ˯+ $ This satellite was taken over in 1991 by an affiliate of Satelindo, PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara and renamed Palapa Pacific 12 ʯ˯'  Location˯P̯m#:   " BeginEndPosition+˯̯p#V$(*:9L: 30 Oct 1982replaced Palapa A1(P̯}ͯj#P,.Mar 1995Sep 1995134E, inclined&̯ͯ# 5}ͯͯ'  End of life\ͯ4ίA#R6"Out of serviceOct 1995MͯίA#RCausedrifting but not removed from the belt... probably ran out of fuel!&4ίί# 8ί ϯ' "(Technical dataLίlϯ0 08 6zoSpecificationsC-band: ϯϯ1_G`,ϯ Palapa B2Flϯ 5 :$7" Palapa B2ϯ lϯ1 ϯ='  Generalg G#^@") Designation14692 / 84011D[=A#R4Launch date6 Feb 1984p#oM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYo7A#R0,Geostationary orbitjM#j:" &"Launch vehicleSTS 11\747 <*有有Launched on a bad orbit (faulty perigee motor) it was retrieved on 12 Nov 1984 by STS 19. This retrieval was financed by the insurance companies, despite the operator's refusal to retrieve it and asked for the insurance money (then used to order Palapa B2P). Some time later the operator changed it's mind and relaunched it as Palapa B2R.8l' "(Technical dataL40 08 6zoSpecificationsC-band; l1_`-:( Palapa B2PG:5 :&7" Palapa B2P;u# 0Also called Mabuhay 01 :'  Generalg u G#^@") Designation17706 / 87029A\iA#R6Launch date20 Mar 1987p# M#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao"iHM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&HM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #181+ $?"ZIn mid 1996 the bird was sold to PLDT (by PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara) for a little over $3 million to become the first satellite of the Mabuhay system.2  '  Location m#:   " BeginEndPosition$ 1 j#H$8:L: 20 Mar 1987May 1996113E( j#P,.Aug 1996Aug 1997144E, inclined 1 M j#@Sep 1997142E, inclined& s # 5M '  End of life\s  A#R6"Out of serviceJan 1998T X A#R&Causedeorbited& ~ # 8X ' "(Technical datar:~ ( 8 @tſ 6zoC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-band1 Y 1.Y O( 6 <4最"(Palapa B2P's EIRP; Y 1G``/ *APalapa B2RG *5 :&7" Palapa B2R1 ['  Generalg *G#^@") Designation20570 / 90034A\[A#R6Launch date13 Apr 1990p#M#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao" @M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications @ fr@G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit108Ep# @@M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #194c9r@EA* $r3:9It's Palapa B2 retrieved from orbit and modernized.8@}A' "(Technical datar:EAA8 @t4vKр 6zoC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-band1}A B10 BoBOAoB6 <4最")Palapa B2R's EIRP: BB1`E`1BBFPalapa B4FoBB5 :$7" Palapa B41 B C'  Generalg BCG#^@") Designation21964 / 92027Ah' CCA#RNLaunch date14 May 1992 at 00:40 UTp#C_DM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao"CDM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf_D4EG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit118Ep#DEM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #209;4EE$ .Cost: $56.4 million8EF' "(Technical datar:EF8 @t* 6zoC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-band1FF12FGNFG6 <25:9"*Palapa B4's EIRP: FBG1F `a3BGG~Palapa C1FGG5 :$7" Palapa C11 BGG'  Generalg G HG#^@") Designation23779 / 96006A[G{HA#R4Launch date1 Feb 1996p# HHM#jF"N ,b#Country of originIndonesiao"{HZIM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!HIA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowu(ZI1JM#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #98&IWJ# : 1JJ- */ۀ LocationWJKm#:   " BeginEndPosition#JKj#F"68L: 1 Feb 1996Mar 1996124E"K4Lj#D 46mid-Mar 1996Jun 1996113EKLj#:"&(late Aug 1996150.5E4LN/ ,o GTO: 240 x 89462 km x 21.9 Launch cost: $90 million. Contract for both Hughes Palapa C: $128 millionAfter testing faulty batteries for Ku-band transponders were discovered. This could lead to the transponders not being marketed. Each transponder is worth $799,000 in revenue a year. The satellite entered service on 23 March 1996.6 of the 34 transponders are owned by PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara, the remaining by PT Satelindo8LN' "(Technical datarNOF \ꏀvC͉ê>SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart3 NO'  EIRP mapspO~> L^>!]>!_>!?!O~GC-band: Asean beam (C1)C-band: Asean & New Zealand beam (C1')C-band: Asia beam (C2)Ku-band (K1+K2)1O14m7~6 SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartKu-band transponder frequency chart3 '  EIRP mapspmN> L^>!]>!_>!?!C-band: Asean beam (C1)C-band: Asean & New Zealand beam (C1')C-band: Asia beam (C2)Ku-band (K1+K2): 1aa9Ί3Palapa C3FNΊ5 :$7" Palapa C3eA3$ to be launched (this was an option on the 2 Cs contract)118E1Ίd1W:dދT+3) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&dދ# : 1, da;^dưPalapa D1Fދ^5 :$7" Palapa D1:# .Also called Telkom 11 ^Ɍ'  GeneralY"G#^$") Designation[Ɍ}A#R4Launch dateearly 1999_"܍G#^0"N ,Country of originU}1G#^"H̀Mission^܍A#R:,Geostationary orbit108Ej1M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeYRG#^$Launch site`؏& contract worth $140 millionlaunch is expected to cost $75 millionShould replace Palapa B2R8R' "(O؏ދTechnical data8؏T' " Specificationse$A#RH&Prime contractorLockheed MartinN TA#RPlatform[bA#R4"Mass at launch2500 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitOb°A#RDimensionQU°A#R Solar arrayS°°A#R$ StabilizationN U°°A#RDC power]°SðA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&°yð# 0 Sðð'  C-band^yðİA#R:(Main transponders24 + 12Yð`İA#R0,Backup transpondersK İİA#RPowerO`İİA#RBandwidthN İHŰA#RCoverageJ İŰA#REIRPRHŰŰA#R"Polarization\Űdư$ Performance is said to be close to the Palapa B series but with additional transponders.1Űư1W<ưưǰT+dưư) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ưǰ# BưQǰ1]s=QǰǰdȰProgram: PanamsatNǰǰ5 :4" Program: PanamsatQǰdȰ0 .+$Ijg?qOAmerican telecommunication program operated by Panamsat Corporation, a merger between Panamsat (Alpha Lyracom) and HCI (merger in April 1997).1ǰȰ1m>Ȱɰ<dȰɰ Ѐw?J$@hAhBh8MChDhEh㩃MFhGhHhʂMProgram: PanamsatPanamsat 1Panamsat 2Panamsat 3Panamsat 3RPanamsat 4Panamsat 5Panamsat 6Panamsat 6BPanamsat 7Panamsat 8Panamsat 9Panamsat 10 & 11; Ȱ ʰ1L"c? ʰSʰiLPanamsat 1GɰSʰ5 :&" Panamsat 17 ʰʰ# (Also called PAS 11 Sʰʰ'  Generalg ʰ"˰G#^@") Designation19217 / 88051C\ʰ~˰A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1988t'"˰˰M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"~˰a̰M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationse˰̰G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit45Wn!a̰4ͰM#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V23&̰ZͰ# 84ͰͰ' "(OTechnical data=ZͰͰ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)f/Ͱ5ΰ7 >^C€P&(C-bandKu-band to EuropeKu-band to US8Ͱmΰ' " Specificationsd#5ΰΰA#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceN mΰϰA#RPlatform[ΰzϰA#R4"Mass at launch1220 kgYϰϰA#R0 Mass in orbit708 kgb!zϰAA#RBϰAɰDimension1.63 x 1.32 x 1.9 mYϰA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYAA#R0DC powerBOL: 1400 W]PA#R8$Design lifetime11 yearssI* $ZSPanamsat 1 is in fact ASC 3, a backup satellite of the ASC program.0 P'  C-band[NA#R4(Main transponders12+6\A#R6,Backup transponders2+1bNNB#TPower(12+2) transponders of 36 MHz : 8.5 W (SSPA)(6+1) transponders of 72 MHz: 16.2 W (TWTA)=B#TzBandwidth12 transponders of 36 MHz6 transponders 72 MHzNK#dw"C€,Coverage and EIRPto North America (7, 9, 11, 16 & 18): ?to Central America (8, 10, 12 & 13): 40 dBWto Latin America (1, 3, 5 & 15): 37 dBWto South America (2, 4, 6 & 14): 38 dBW\qB#TPolarizationto Latin and South America: linear Vto Central and North America: linear H&# K$q' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)n#$j * X v   HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderChannelVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplink#ڀ2j .5.945113.7206#ڀ2j $3.740725.965#ڀ2j .5.985233.7606r #ڀ2j $3.780846.005 #ڀ2j .6.025353.800r #ڀ2j $3.820966.045 L #ڀ2j .6.065473.840 #ڀ4j"&3.8601086.085L #ڀ2j .6.105593.880 ) #ڀ6j$(3.90011106.125 #ڀ4j"06.1456113.920) h#ڀ6j$(3.94012126.165 #ڀ8j&46.18513A133.960h#ڀ8j&*3.98016A146.205 W@#ڀ8jW@ɰ&46.22513B154.000@#ڀ8j&*4.02016B166.245W@A#ڀ8j&46.26514A174.040@:B#ڀ8j&*4.06017A186.285AB#ڀ8j&46.30514B194.080:B|C#ڀ8j&*4.10017B206.325BD#ڀ8j&46.34516A214.120|CD#ڀ8j&*4.14018A226.365D_E#ڀ8j&46.38516B234.160DF#ڀ8j&*4.18018B246.405&_E&F# BFhF' 6 Ku-band (11.5-11.75 GHz)X&FFA#R.i(Main transponders6ZhFGA#R2i,Backup transponders1XFrGA#R.iPower16.2 W (TWTA)UGGA#R(iBandwidth72 MHz^rGtHO#ni*0P&(Coverage andEIRP maxEurope (19, 20 & 21): 47 dBWNorth America (22, 23 & 24): 45 dBWZGHA#R2iPolarizationlinear H&tHH# K$H?I' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)9HIc#r . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkg?IBJR#t*11.5001914.040gIJR#t*11.5802014.120gBJKR#t*11.6602114.200gJwKR#t*11.7902214.280gKKR#t*11.8202314.360gwKELR#t*11.9002414.440$KiL" 1ELL1W@LLMT+iLL) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&LM# 1LEM1AEMMX"MM6 Launch dateplanned in 1999t'肱M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"tWM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]肱A#R8,Geostationary orbit45WjWM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane& should be an HS-702 with 48 Ku- and 12 C-band transponders.It was originally planed to cover Asia, but PanAmSat will modify PAS-9 to provide coverage of the United States and Latin America.8>' "(OTechnical data8v' " Specifications\>҅A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTv&A#R&PlatformHS-702T҅zA#R&"Mass at launchS&͆A#R$ Mass in orbitOzA#RDimensionQ͆mA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN mA#RDC powerUcA#R($Design lifetime&# 0 c'  C-bandYA#R0(Main transponders36YkA#R0,Backup transpondersOA#RPower55 WUkA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN ]A#RCoverageN A#REIRP maxM ]A#RG/T maxXPA#R.PolarizationlinearAӋB#TFrequenciesuplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzdownlink: 3.700-4.200 GHz&P# 1 Ӌ*'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders36Y*܌A#R0,Backup transpondersP,A#RPower140 WU܌A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN ,ύA#RCoverageN A#REIRP maxM ύjA#RG/T maxXŽA#R.PolarizationlinearTjXB#TFrequenciesuplink: 13.750-14.500 GHzdownlink: 10.950-11.200, 11.450-11.950 GHz&Ž~# 1X1WH5T+~) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register~&5# ; p1S&;a\dIpFPanamsat 2G55 :&" Panamsat 27p# (Also called PAS 21 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation23175 / 94040A[A#R4Launch date8 Jul 1994t'U±M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"±M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfU±*ñG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit169En!±ñM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V65&*ññ# 8ññ' "(OTechnical data=ñ3ı' , EIRP coverage (dBW)k4ñı7 >hII=IC-band, Pacific RimC-band, OceaniaKu-band83ıı' " Specifications\ı2űA#R6&Prime contractorHughesTıűA#R&PlatformHS-601[2űűA#R4"Mass at launch2920 kgSű4ƱA#R$ Mass in orbitOűƱA#RDimensionY4ƱƱA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTƱ0DZA#R&DC power5400 W]ƱDZA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsH0DZȱB#TBeacons4.1985 & 4.1995 GHz (0 dBW, H)12.5 GHz (5 dBW, RHCP + LHCP)&DZ=ȱ# 0 ȱmȱ'  C-bandY=ȱȱA#R0(Main transponders16Zmȱ ɱA#R2,Backup transponders4OȱoɱA#RPower34 W> ɱɱB#T|Bandwidth12 transponder of 54 MHz4 transponder of 64 MHzLoɱ|ʱA#R0Coverage and EIRP maxOceania and Pacific Rim beams (see footprint maps)\ɱʱA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&|ʱʱ# K$ʱI˱' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)Wʱ=̱#  . L v  HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)BeamI˱̱#8$&13.72054Pacific=̱ͱ#8$&3.720254Pacific̱5α#8$&33.79054Pacificͱα#8$&3.790454Pacific5αϱ#8$&53.85054Pacificα9#8$ϱ95&3.850654Pacific&ϱ#L$&73.91564Pacific / Oceania9#8$&3.915864Pacific;#8$&93.98054Pacific#:&(3.9801054Pacific';#N&(114.04054Pacific / Oceania@#:&(4.0401254Pacific#:&(134.10054Pacific@#:&(4.1001454Pacific'E#N&(154.16564Pacific / Oceania#:&(4.1651664Pacific&E# 1 E'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders16ZEA#R2,Backup transponders4OGA#RPower63 W>B#T|Bandwidth12 transponder of 54 MHz4 transponder of 64 MHzwG I#b"=I,Coverage and EIRPSouth Korean beam: 50 dBW and rest of Asia: 42 dBWChinese beam: 50 dBWAustralian beam: 46 dBW\ A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VJ o B#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.000 - 14.500 GHz Downlink: 12.250 - 12.750 GHz& # K$o ' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)W #  * H v  VerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam } #:&(12.281154China 1 ( #>&(212.28154Australia} #:&(12.341354China 2( z#:&(412.34154NE Asia ##:&(12.401554China 1z#>&(612.40154Australia)#@#R@5&(12.466764China 2 / Australia8A#:&(812.46664NE Asia@A#:&(12.531954China 1 8AB#@ (*1012.53154Australia*ACC#T (*12.5911154China 2 / AustraliaBC#< (*1212.59154NE AsiaCCD#< (*12.6511354China 1 CCE#@ (*1412.65154Australia*DE#T (*12.7161564China 2 / AustraliaCEF#< (*1612.71664NE Asia$EF" 1FF1WJFLGrGT+FLG) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&FrG# 1LGG1KGHc-rGH6 <\Ah"2Panamsat 2's C-band EIRP: Pacific Rim1G7H1WL7HHHT+HH) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&7HH# 1HH1MHAI_)HAI6 XX:1OY:1O;1OC-band beam 1C-band beam 2Ku-band8.' " Specifications\A#R6&Prime contractorHughesT.ލA#R&PlatformHS-601[9A#R4"Mass at launch2918 kgSލA#R$ Mass in orbitb!9A#RBDimension2.84 x 3.53 x 3.6 m\JA#R6Solar array26.5 m spanYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisf$JB#THDC powerBOL: 5400 WEOL: 4300 W]rA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsEB#TBeacons4.1985 & 4.1990 GHz (0 dBW)11.7 GHz (5 dBW, RHCP + LHCP)&r²% It uses Hughes' advanced shaped-reflector technology, which concentrates the satellite's beam over targeted land areas while avoiding uninhabited oceans. Hughes' patented, highly efficient design eliminates the need for multiple feedhorn configurations.0 O²'  C-bandY²²A#R0(Main transponders16ZO²òA#R2,Backup transponders4V²XòA#R*Power34 W (SSPA)@òòB#TBandwidth12 transponders of 54 MHz4 transponders of 64 MHzLXò|IJV#|80X:1OY:1OX:1OCoverage andEIRP maxPan America beam 1Pan America beam 2Africa\òIJA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VA|IJ[ŲB#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.700-4.200 GHz&IJŲ# T-[ŲŲ' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)WŲƲ#  . L v  HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam Ų{Dz#@$&Y:1O13.73054PAN AM V2 Ʋ-Ȳ#@$&Y:1O3.730254PAN AM H2 {DzȲ#@$&X:1O33.79054PAN AM V1 -Ȳɲ#@$&X:1O3.790454PAN AM H1 ȲCʲ#@$&Y:1O53.85054PAN AM V2 ɲʲ#@$&Y:1O3.850654PAN AM H2*Cʲ˲#T$&X:1O73.91564PAN AM V1 or Africa ʲc̲#@$&X:1O3.915864PAN AM H1 ˲Ͳ#@$&Y:1O93.98054PAN AM V2!c̲Ͳ#B&(Y:1O3.9801054PAN AM H2+Ͳβ#V&(X:1O114.04054PAN AM V1 or Africa!Ͳ8ϲ#B&(X:1O4.0401254PAN AM H1!β #B&(Y:1O134.10054PAN AM V28ϲ !8ϲ#B&(Y:1O4.1001454PAN AM H2+ |#V&(X:1O154.16564PAN AM V1 or Africa!/#B&(X:1O4.1651664PAN AM H1&|U# R+/' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)SU#  & D n  VerticalUplinkTransponderHorizontalUplinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam C#@$&15.95554PAN America #@$&5.955254PAN America;C#v$&36.01554PAN America or Africa or North America b#@$&6.015454PAN America #@$&56.07554PAN America b#@$&6.075654PAN America;#v$&76.14064PAN America or Africa or North America - #@$&6.140864PAN America  #@$&96.20554PAN America!- #B&(6.2051054PAN America< N #x&(116.26554PAN America or Africa or North America! #B&(6.2651254PAN America!N #B&(136.32554PAN America! U #B&(6.3751454PAN America< #x&(156.39064PAN America or Africa or North America!U #B&(6.3901664PAN America&# 1 !'  Ku-bandYzA#R0(Main transponders16Z!A#R2,Backup transponders4Vz6@A#R*6@Power63 W (TWTA)@@B#TBandwidth12 transponders of 54 MHz4 transponders of 64 MHz6@AG#\ 0Coverage andEIRP maxEurope: 50 dBWNorth-America: 50 dBWNorth South-America: 50 dBWSouth South-America: 52 dBWBrazil: 50 dBW\@AA#R6PolarizationLinear H/VZA|BB#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.00-14.500 GHzDownlink: 11.700-12.200 GHz and 12.500-12.750 GHz&AB# T-|BB' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)YBC# * H v (;1OVerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam4BD#h&(111.72954North South-America or Europe;CE#v&(11.729254North-America or South South-America0D>F#`&(411.78954North-America (but no 4B))EF#R (*11.7894B54Brazil (but no 4)4>FG#h&(511.84954North South-America or Europe;FH#v&(11.849654North-America or South South-America0GBI#`&(811.91464North-America (but no 8B))HI#R (*11.9148B64Brazil (but no 8)4BIJ#h&(911.97954North South-America or Europe@IK# (*11.9791054North-America or South South-America (H)2JML#d (*1212.03954North-America (but no 12B)+KM#V"*,12.03912B54Brazil (but no 12)5MLM#j (*1312.09954North South-America or Europe@MN# (*12.0991454North-America or South South-America (H)2M[O#d (*1612.16464North-America (but no 16B)+N!#V"*,12.16416B64[O!Brazil (but no 16)[O# 5!#j (*1E12.53154Europe or North South-America5F#j (*12.5319E54Europe or North South-America#< (*3E12.59154EuropeF#>"*,12.59111E54Europe5e#j (*5E12.65154Europe or North South-America6*#l"*,12.65113E54Europe or North South-Americaeׅ#< (*7E12.71664Europe*#>"*,12.71615E64Europe&ׅ# R+' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)S퇳#  & D n  VerticalUplinkTransponderHorizontalUplinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam-#Z&(14.029154Europe or North-America$퇳V#H (*1S14.02954South-America-#Z&(214.02954Europe or North-America-VȊ#Z&(14.089354Europe or North-America-#Z&(414.08954Europe or North-America$Ȋ1#H (*4S14.08954South-America-ꌳ#Z&(14.149554Europe or North-America$1#H (*1S14.14954South-America-ꌳS#Z&(614.14954Europe or North-America- #Z&(14.214764Europe or North-America-Sŏ#Z&(814.21464Europe or North-America$ #Hŏ (*8S14.21464South-America-ŏ:#Z&(14.279954Europe or North-America$#H (*9S14.27954South-America.:³#\ (*1014.27954Europe or North-America.^ó#\ (*14.3391154Europe or North-America.³ij#\ (*1214.33954Europe or North-America%^óij#J"*,12S14.33954South-America.ijų#\ (*14.3991354Europe or North-America%ij4Ƴ#J"*,13S14.39954South-America.ųƳ#\ (*1414.39954Europe or North-America.4Ƴdz#\ (*14.4641564Europe or North-America.Ƴbȳ#\ (*1614.46464Europe or North-America%dzɳ#J"*,16S14.46464South-America$bȳ7ɳ" 1ɳhɳ1WThɳɳɳT+7ɳɳ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&hɳɳ# 1ɳʳ1Uʳqʳ^(ɳqʳ6 8M"7Panamsat 3R's Ku-band EIRPNAv stands for North America vertical polarization, NAh stands for North America horizontal polarization1̳{ͳ1WZ{ͳͳͳT+Jͳͳ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&{ͳͳ# ; ͳ0γ1S\dPe[0γwγ(BPanamsat 4Gͳwγ5 :&" Panamsat 470γγ# (Also called PAS 41 wγγ'  Generalg γFϳG#^@") Designation23636 / 95040A[γϳA#R4Launch date3 Aug 1995t'Fϳ!M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of origiϳ!ͳnUnited Stateso"ϳM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg !G#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit68.5En!eM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V76&# 8e' "(OTechnical data=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)n> LvvvVC-band: Africa & AsiaC-band: Asia/Middle East horizontalC-band: Asia/Middle East verticalKu-band8' " Specifications\@A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTA#R&PlatformHS-601[@A#R4"Mass at launch3043 kgUDA#R(Dry mass1671 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitb!DA#RBDimension2.84 x 3.53 x 3.6 m\UA#R6Solar array26.2 m spanYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisf$UB#THDC powerBOL: 5400 WEOL: 4300 W]qA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsEB#TBeacons4.1990 & 4.1995 GHz (0 dBW)12.5 GHz (5 dBW, RHCP + LHCP)&q# 0 N'  C-bandYA#R0(Main transponders16ZNA#R2,Backup transponders4VWA#R*Power30 W (SSPA)@B#TBandwidth12 transponders of 54 MHz4 transponders of 64 MHz]W \#D2vvvvCoverage and EIRP maxAfricaSouth Asia/Middle East: Horizontal or VerticalAsia\ A#R6PolarizationLinear H/VA q B#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.700-4.200 GHz& # T-q ' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)W #  * H v  VerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam+ #V$&13.73054South Asia/Middle East5 W #j$&3.730254Africa or South Asia/Middle East+ #V$&33.79054South Asia/Middle EastW #2$&3.790454Asia+j#V$&53.85054South Asia/Middle East57@#j$&3.8506j7@ͳ54Africa or South Asia/Middle East+j@#V$&73.91564South Asia/Middle East7@A#2$&3.915864Asia+@JB#V$&93.98054South Asia/Middle EastAB#8&(3.9801054Africa,JBC#X&(114.04054South Asia/Middle East6BlD#l&(4.0401254Africa or South Asia/Middle East,C$E#X&(134.10054South Asia/Middle EastlDE#8&(4.1001454Africa,$EF#X&(154.16564South Asia/Middle East6EFG#l&(4.1651664Africa or South Asia/Middle East&FlG# R+FGG' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)SlGH#  * H n  HorizontalUplinkTransponderVerticalUplinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam+GeI#V$&15.95554South Asia/Middle East:H+J#t$&5.955254India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe+eIJ#V$&36.01554South Asia/Middle East:+JK#t$&6.015454India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe+J_L#V$&56.07554South Asia/Middle East:K%M#t$&6.075654India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe+_LM#V$&76.14064South Asia/Middle East:%MN#t$&6.140864India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe+MYO#V$&96.20554South Asia/Middle East*N#T&(6.2051054India/AYOͳsia/Australia,YOӀ#X&(116.26554South Asia/Middle East;#v&(6.2651254India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe,ӀR#X&(136.32554South Asia/Middle East;#v&(6.3751454India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe,Rу#X&(156.39064South Asia/Middle East;#v&(6.3901664India/Asia/Australia or Africa/Europe&у# 1 '  Ku-bandYHA#R0(Main transponders24ZA#R2,Backup transponders6VHA#R*Power60 W (TWTA)YC#VBandwidth16 transponders of 27 MHz6 transponders of 54 MHz2 transponders of 64 MHzV0F#\0Coverage andEIRP maxEurope/RussiaNorth East AsiaMiddle EastIndiaSouth-Africa\A#R6PolarizationLinear H/VZ0(B#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.00-14.500 GHzDownlink: 11.450-11.700 GHz and 12.250-12.750 GHz&N# T-(' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)YN# * H v (VVerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam3`#f (*1711.46427Middle East (if not Europe)*#T (*11.4641727Europe (if not ME)3`ۋ#f (*1911.52427Middle East (if not Europe)*#T (*11.5241927Europe (if not ME)3ۋV#f (*2111.58427Middle East (if not Europe)*#T (*11.5842127Europe (if not ME)3Vю#f (*2311.64927Middle East (if not Europe)*#T (*11.6492327Europe (if not ME)ю3# 3ͳ#8&(12.266927India3#: (*1012.29627India6´#: (*12.3261127India´#: (*1212.35627India6´ô#: (*12.3861327India´:Ĵ#: (*1412.41627IndiaôĴ#: (*12.4511527India:ĴŴ#6 $&12.48127IndiaĴ-ƴ# #Ŵƴ#F&(112.53154South-Africa--ƴǴ#Z&(12.531554South-Africa or Europe%ƴOȴ#J (*1812.54627India or Asia#Ǵɴ#F&(212.59154South-Africa-Oȴɴ#Z&(12.591654South-Africa or Europe%ɴqʴ#J (*2012.60627India or Asia#ɴ#˴#F&(312.65154South-Africa-qʴ˴#Z&(12.651754South-Africa or Europe%#˴̴#J (*2212.66627India or Asia#˴Eʹ#F&(412.71664South-Africa-̴δ#Z&(12.716864South-Africa or Europe%Eʹδ#J (*2412.73127India or Asia&δδ# R+δ-ϴ' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)Sδ)#  & D n  VerticalUplinkTransponderHorizontalUplink-ϴ)ͳBandwidth (MHz)Beam.-ϴ#\&(14.029154Europe/South-Africa/Asia3)#f&(914.01427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4b#h (*1014.04427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia.#\&(14.089254Europe/South-Africa/Asia4b#h (*1114.07427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4#h (*1214.10424Europe/Middle East/India/Asia.V#\&(14.149354Europe/South-Africa/Asia4#h (*1314.13427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4V#h (*1414.16427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia.#\&(14.214464Europe/South-Africa/Asia4P#h (*1514.19927Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4 #h (*1614.22927Europe/Middle East/India/Asia.P #\&(14.279554Europe/South-Africa/Asia4 #h (*1714.26427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4 J #h (*1814.29427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia.  #\&(14.339654Europe/South-Africa/Asia4J #h (*1914.32427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4 #h (*2014.35427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia. >#\&(14.399754Europe/South-Africa/Asia4 #h (*2114.38427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4>#h (*2214.41427Europe/Middle East/India/Asia.@#\@ͳ&(14.464864Europe/South-Africa/Asia4DA#h (*2314.44927Europe/Middle East/India/Asia4@B#h (*2414.47927Europe/Middle East/India/Asia$DA(B" 1BYB1W\YBBBT+(BB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&YBB# 1BC1]CmCi3BmC6 DD6 <~Ch"9Panamsat 4's C-band Asia & Middle East horizontal EIRP1IDD1W`DBEhET+DBE) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&DhE# 1BEE1aE Fr<hE F6 GW!F>G6 GG) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&oGG# ; G$H1CPeme$HkHKPanamsat 5GGkH5 :&" Panamsat 57$HH# (Also called PAS 51 kHH'  Generalg H:IG#^@") Designation24916 / 97046A\HIA#R6Launch date28 Aug 1997t':I JM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"IyJM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationse JJG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit58Wo"yJMKM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #246JL' 9Will provide up to 225 digital channels for television broadcasting to South America.One of the antennas was damaged on launch site in mid August 19978MKHL' "(OTechnical data=LL' , EIRP coverage (dBW)b+HLL7 >V)o_2* 1*C-bandKu-band, USKu-band, Mexico8LM' " Specifications\L{MA#R6&Prime contractorHughesVMMA#R*PlatformHS-601HP[{M,NA#R4"Mass at launch3720 kgN MzNA#RDry massZ,NNA#R2 Mass in orbit2519 kgPzN$OA#RLength26 mN NrOA#RWidth7 mL $OOA#RHeighta rO+A#R@O+GSolar arraygallium arsenideYOA#R0 Stabilization3 axisT+؀A#R&DC power8000 W]5A#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsgB؀% Will use GaAs (gallium arsenide) solar cells, "advanced" batteries. It will be the first commercial satellite to launch with the XIPS thrusters that should provide 5 additional lifetime years. Liquid propellant thrusters provide 15 years lifetime. Some problems developped with XIPS and software patches were uploaded.0 5̂'  C-bandY%A#R0(Main transponders24ẐA#R2,Backup transponders4O%΃A#RPower50 WU#A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzJ΃O#n,,)o艂)o艂Coverage & EIRP max1 single beam:Americas: 38 dBWEurope: 31 dBW\#A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VEB#TFrequenciesUplink: 5.925 - 6.425 GHzDownlink: 3.700 - 4.200 GHzSA#R$ SFD-96 dBW/mVHA#R*G/T max-1.8 dB/K&n# R+H' V C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)gn# ( T r  "Vertical UplinkVertical DownlinkTransponderHorizontal DownlinkHorizontal UplinkDt#,(5.94513.720Έt#,3.72025.945DXt#,(5.98533.760Έ≵t#,3.76045.985Xlt#,(6.02553.800≵t#,3.80066.025lt#,(6.06573.840 t#,3.84086.065t#,(6.10593.880 t#. 3.880106.105t#.*6.145113.9205t#. 3.920126.145t#.*6.185133.9605Kt#. 3.960146.185֏t#.*6.225154.000Kmt#.֏mG 4.000166.225֏t#.*6.265174.040mt#. 4.040186.265µt#.*6.305194.080µt#. 4.080206.305µ$õt#.*6.345214.120µõt#. 4.120226.345$õ:ĵt#.*6.385234.160õĵt#. 4.160246.385&:ĵĵ# 1 ĵŵ'  Ku-band]ĵyŵA#R8(Main transponders18 + 6ZŵŵA#R2,Backup transponders4ayŵ4ƵB#T>Power18 at 110 W6 at 60 WUŵƵA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzX4Ƶ0ǵO#n,,_2* 1*Coverage & EIRP maxUS: 49 dBWSteerable: n/aMexico (and US North-East): 49 dBW\ƵǵA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V0ǵYȵC#TFrequenciesUplink: 12.750 - 13.250 GHz Downlink: 10.700 - 11.450 GHzUplink: 14.000 - 14.250 GHz Downlink: 11.450 - 11.700 GHz (Spot)SǵȵA#R$ SFD-89 dBW/mVYȵɵA#R*G/T max-2.8 dB/KVȵXɵA#R*Beacon11.454 GHz&ɵ~ɵ# T-Xɵɵ' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)D~ɵʵ#܀ * H vxVerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBeamɵ3˵~#̀2 710.727Mexicoʵ˵~#̀2 810.768Mexico3˵a̵~#̀2 910.809Mexico˵̵~#̀4 "1010.850Mexicoa̵͵~#̀4 "1110.891Mexico̵)ε~#̀4 "1210.932Mexico ͵ε~#̀ )εGϵ~#̀, "11.21919USεϵ~#̀2 111.219MexicoGϵ~~#̀,ϵ~G "11.26120USϵ~#̀2 211.261Mexico~~#̀, "11.30321US@~#̀2 311.303Mexico~#̀, "11.34522US@k~#̀2 411.345Mexico~#̀, "11.38723USk~#̀2 511.387Mexico*~#̀, "11.42924US~#̀2 611.429Mexico *K~#̀ ~#̀: "11.47613steerableK~#̀: "11.51714steerable~#̀: "11.55815steerable~#̀: "11.59916steerableR ~#̀: "11.64017steerable ~#̀: "11.68118steerable&R  # R+ e ' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)@ + #܀M & D np VerticalUplinkTransponderHorizontalUplinkBeam-e {#ƀZM 112.769US / Latin America / Europe+ l {#ƀ<M "12.76919US / Europe-  {#ƀZM 212.811US / Latin America / Europel {#ƀ<M "12.81120US / Europe- U{#ƀZM 312.853US / Latin America / Europe {#ƀ<M "12.85321US / Europe-U{#ƀZM 412.895US / Latin America / Europe;@{#ƀ<M ;@G"12.89522US / Europe-@{#ƀZM 512.937US / Latin America / Europe;@|A{#ƀ<M "12.93723US / Europe-@$B{#ƀZM 612.979US / Latin America / Europe|AB{#ƀ<M "12.97924US / Europe $BCC{#ƀM -BC{#ƀZM 713.026US / Latin America / Europe-CCD{#ƀZM 813.067US / Latin America / Europe-C;E{#ƀZM 913.108US / Latin America / Europe.DE{#ƀ\M "1013.149US / Latin America / Europe.;EF{#ƀ\M "1113.190US / Latin America / Europe.E6G{#ƀ\M "1213.231US / Latin America / Europe FG{#ƀM .6GeH{#ƀ\M "1314.019US / Latin America / Europe.GI{#ƀ\M "1414.060US / Latin America / Europe.eHI{#ƀ\M "1514.101US / Latin America / Europe.I`J{#ƀ\M "1614.142US / Latin America / Europe.I K{#ƀ\M "1714.183US / Latin America / Europe.`JK{#ƀ\M "1814.224US / Latin America / Europe$ KK" 1KL1WfL[LLT+K[L) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&LL# 1[LL1gLMV LM6 Panamsat 5's Ku-band Mexico beam EIRP1OO1WlO9T+O) "VȠ$To view this page you need to regiOOster&O9# ; t1:"jgomt*KPanamsat 6G95 :&" Panamsat 67t# (Also called PAS 61 #'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24891 / 97040A[#偶A#R4Launch date8 Aug 1997t'YM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"偶ȂM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]Y%A#R8,Geostationary orbit43Wn!ȂM#jB" &;E+Launch vehicleAriane V98%\' ESatellite, launch and insurance: $225 millionThe satellite is probably out of use. Power problems have been rumored. Those could be linked to solar arrays. 8' "(OTechnical data=\ф' , EIRP coverage (dBW)`010 0`)h*hKu-band, NTSC & ArgentinaKu-band, Brasil8фi' " Specificationsi(1҅A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralUi'A#R(PlatformFS 1300[҅A#R4"Mass at launch3420 kgU'׆A#R(Dry mass1285 kg^5A#R:Dimension3.4 x 2.7 x 3 mo.׆A#R\Solar array27.5 m span (provided by Dasa)Y5A#R0 Stabilization3 axisURA#R(DC power10000 W]A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&RՈ# 1 '  Ku-bandYՈ_A#R0(Main transponders36[A#R4,Backup transponders12o-_)B#TZPower24 x 110 W (TWTA)12 x 100 W (TWTA)U~A#R(Bandwidth36 MHz)V#z_8)h*h)hCoverageArgentina beam (Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay), 12 transp.Brasil beam, 12 transp.NTSC beam (Columbia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador), 12 transp.T~׋A#R&EIRP max50 dBW\3A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V[׋ЌB#TFrequenciesuplink: 12.75-13.25 & 13.75-14.00 GHzdownlink: 10.7-10.95 & 11.2-11.45 GHz&3# T-ЌJ' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)D#܀ * H vxVerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBeamJ~#̀2 10.7221BrasilC~#̀4 "1310.722Brasilݏ~#̀8 10.7622ArgentinaC~#̀:ݏ9 "1410.762Argentinaݏ~#̀2 10.8023Brasil~#̀4 "1510.802BrasilM¶~#̀8 10.8424Argentina¶~#̀: "1610.842ArgentinaM¶ö~#̀2 10.8825Brasil¶Ķ~#̀4 "1710.882BrasilöĶ~#̀8 10.9226ArgentinaĶLŶ~#̀: "1810.922Argentina ĶŶ~#̀ LŶnƶ~#̀4 "10.97025BrasilŶǶ~#̀4 "3110.970BrasilnƶǶ~#̀0 "11.01026NTSCǶ2ȶ~#̀0 "3211.010NTSCǶȶ~#̀4 "11.05027Brasil2ȶbɶ~#̀4 "3311.050Brasilȶɶ~#̀0 "11.09028NTSCbɶʶ~#̀0 "3411.090NTSCɶ&˶~#̀4 "11.13029Brasilʶ˶~#̀4 "3511.130Brasil&˶T̶~#̀0 "11.17030NTSC˶̶~#̀0 "3611.170NTSC T̶tͶ~#̀ &̶ζ~#̀L 11.2227Argentina or BrasiltͶζ~#̀: "1911.222ArgentinaζH϶~#̀. 11.2628NTSCζ϶~#̀0 "2011.262NTSC&H϶~#̀L϶9 11.3029Argentina or Brasil϶)~#̀: "2111.302Argentina~#̀0 "11.34210NTSC)U~#̀0 "2211.342NTSC~#̀: "11.38211ArgentinaU~#̀: "2311.382Argentina!~#̀0 "11.42212NTSC~#̀0 "2411.422NTSC&!# R+/' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)@#܀ & D np VerticalUplinkTransponderHorizontalUplinkBeam/~#̀& 12.7721~#̀( "1312.772~#̀& 12.8122;~#̀( "1412.812~#̀& 12.8523;^ ~#̀( "1512.852 ~#̀& 12.8924^ ~#̀( "1612.892  ~#̀& 12.9325 ~#̀( "1712.932 5 ~#̀& 12.9726 ~#̀( "1812.9725 X ~#̀& 13.0227 ~#̀( "1913.022X {~#̀& 13.0628 ~#̀( "2013.062{~#̀& 13.1029 <@~#̀(<@9 "2113.102@~#̀( "13.14210<@`A~#̀( "2213.142@A~#̀( "13.18211`AB~#̀( "2313.182AC~#̀( "13.22212BC~#̀( "2413.222 C.D{#ƀ CD~#̀( "13.77425.DRE~#̀( "3113.774DE~#̀( "13.81426REvF~#̀( "3213.814EG~#̀( "13.85427vFG~#̀( "3313.854G,H~#̀( "13.89428GH~#̀( "3413.894,HPI~#̀( "13.93429HI~#̀( "3513.934PItJ~#̀( "13.97430IK~#̀( "3613.974$tJ*K" 1K[K1Wn[KKKT+*KK) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&[KK# 1KL1oLsLm7KsL6 " &2!Launch vehicleAriane 5QsA#R Launch site\"όA#R6"Mass at launch~3500 kgcsa/ ,ChPanamsat gets options for more Arianespace launchesPAS-7 will expand PanAmSat's (PAS 4) southern Southern Africa satellite capacity and will extend its high-power Ku-band satellite coverage for DTH and other applications into Sub-Saharan Africa.The satellite is overweight compared to initial specifications, which cause a problem for the launch8ό' "(OTechnical data=a֎' , EIRP coverage (dBW)n>D0 0|o",|"iۉC-bandKu-band, India, Europe/Middle East, South Africa8֎|' " Specificationsi(D A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/Loral| ̈U|aA#R(PlatformFS 1300T A#R&"Mass at launchSaA#R$ Mass in orbitOWA#RDimensionQA#R Solar arrayYW·A#R0 Stabilization3 axisTU·A#R&DC power3700 W]··A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&U··# 0 ·÷'  C-bandY·a÷A#R0(Main transponders14Z÷÷A#R2,Backup transponders4Oa÷ ķA#RPower50 WU÷_ķA#R(Bandwidth36 MHz|5 ķķG#^jo",|Coverage1 single beam for Africa, Europe, AsiaT_ķ/ŷA#R&EIRP max36 dBWVķŷA#R*G/T max-3.5 dB/K\/ŷŷA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VAŷdƷB#TFrequenciesuplink: 6.425-6.725 GHzdownlink: 3.400-3.700 GHzG#ŷƷ$ FBeacon: 3.698 GHz, 6 dBW globalR+dƷƷ' V C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)gƷǷ# ( T r  Vertical UplinkVertical DownlinkTransponderHorizontal DownlinkHorizontal UplinkƷȷt#,3.43016.455Ƿ ɷt#,(6.45583.430ȷɷt#,3.47026.495 ɷʷt#,(6.49593.470ɷʷt#,3.51036.535ʷ4˷t#.*6.535103.510ʷ˷t#,3.55046.5754˷I̷t#.*6.575113.550˷̷t#,3.59056.615I̷^ͷt#.*6.615123.590̷ͷt#,3.63066.655^ͷsηt#.*6.655133.630ͷηt#,3.67076.695sηϷt#.*6.695143.6701 ηϷ'  Ku-bandYϷA#R0(Main Ϸ̈transponders30[ϷyA#R4,Backup transponders10PA#RPower100 WUyA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzAV#|:"iۉ"iۉ"iۉCoverage3 beams:Europe/Middle EastIndiaSouth AfricaT A#R&EIRP max54 dBWT]A#R&G/T max+2 dB/K\ A#R6Polarizationlinear H/Va]\B#TFrequenciesuplink: 13.75-14.00 & 14.00-14.25 GHzdownlink: 10.950-11.200 & 11.450-11.700 GHz&# S,\' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)&p#<|xxN ( T r  ΀Ѐ Vertical UplinkVertical DownlinkTransponderHorizontal DownlinkHorizontal UplinkBeamV# |xxN 04613.774A110.970Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV# |xxN $4610.970A713.774Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV# |xxN 04613.814A211.010Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV# |xxN $4611.010A813.814Uplink: see note 2; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV # |xxN 04613.854A311.050Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV # |xxN $4611.050A913.854Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV # |xxN 04613.894A411.090Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastW # |xxN"&6811.090A1013.894Uplink: see note 2; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV # |xxN 04613.934A511.130Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastW {# |xxN"&6811.130A1113.934Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastV n# |xxN 04613.974A611.170Uplink: see note 1; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastW{n@# |xxN"&6nn@̈811.170A1213.974Uplink: see note 2; Downlink: South Africa or Middle EastnA# |xxN )n@A# R|xxN $4611.474B114.024South Africa)AB# R|xxN $4611.514B214.064South Africa)AlC# R|xxN $4611.554B314.104South Africa)B2D# R|xxN $4611.594B414.144South Africa)lCD# R|xxN $4611.634B514.184South Africa)2DE# R|xxN $4611.674B614.224South AfricaDjF# |xxN IEPG# |xxN 04613.774C110.970Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaIjF6H# |xxN $4610.970C713.774Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaIPGI# |xxN 04613.814C211.010Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaI6HJ# |xxN $4611.010C813.814Uplink: see note 4; Downlink: India or ChinaIIJ# |xxN 04613.854C311.050Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaIJK# |xxN $4611.050C913.854Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaIJL# |xxN 04613.894C411.090Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaJKM# |xxN"&6811.090C1013.894Uplink: see note 4; Downlink: India or ChinaILN# |xxN 04613.934C511.130Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaJMhO# |xxN"&6811.130C1113.934Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaINZ# |xxN 046hOZ̈13.974C611.170Uplink: see note 3; Downlink: India or ChinaJhOA# |xxN"&6811.170C1213.974Uplink: see note 4; Downlink: India or ChinaZ' %1: uplink from Europe / Middle East / South Africa2: uplink from Europe / Middle East / South Africa or from India / China if the "C" transponder with the same number operates with Europe / Middle East / South Africa uplink3: uplink from India / China4: uplink from India / China or from Europe / Middle East / South Africa if the "A" transponder with the same number operates with India / China 1A+1Wu+T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&+# 1փ1vփ,V ,6 ŀ[Lo\LoC-bandKu-band, Northeast Asia, AustraliaKu-band, Southeast Asia8d' " Specificationsi(,͋A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralUd"A#R(PlatformFS 1300T͋vA#R&"Mass at launchS"ɌA#R$ Mass in orbitOvA#RDimensionQɌiA#R Solar arrayYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTiA#R&DC power3700 W]sA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&# 0 sɎ'  C-bandY"A#R0(Main transponders24ZɎ|A#R2,Backup transponders8O"ˏA#RPower50 WU|,A#R(ˏ,Bandwidth36 MHzp)ˏG#^RʼnCoverageEastern Asia & Pacific RimT,A#R&EIRP max40 dBWSCA#R$G/T max0 dB/K\A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V=C¸B#TzFrequenciesuplink: 5.925-6.425 GHzdownlink: 3.7-4.2 GHzG#e¸$ FBeacon: 3.702 GHz, 6 dBW globalR+¸¸' V C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)ge¸ø# , \ z  "Horizontal UplinkHorizontal DownlinkTransponderVertical DownlinkVertical Uplink¸;ĸt#,(5.94513.720øĸt#,3.74025.965;ĸOŸt#,(5.98533.760ĸŸt#,3.78046.005OŸcƸt#,(6.02553.800ŸƸt#,3.82066.045cƸwǸt#,(6.06573.840Ƹȸt#,3.86086.085wǸȸt#,(6.10593.880ȸɸt#. 3.900106.125ȸɸt#.*6.145113.920ɸ,ʸt#. 3.940126.165ɸʸt#.*6.185133.960,ʸB˸t#. 3.980146.205ʸ˸t#.*6.225154.000B˸X̸t#. 4.020166.245˸̸t#.*6.265174.040X̸n͸t#. 4.060186.285̸͸t#.*6.305194.080n͸θt#. 4.100206.325͸ϸt#.*6.345214.120θϸt#. 4.140226.365ϸ1t#.ϸ1*6.385234.160ϸt#. 4.180246.405&1# 1 '  Ku-bandYlA#R0(Main transponders24ZA#R2,Backup transponders8PlA#RPower100 WUkA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzn/V#|:[Lo\Lo[LoCoverage3 beams (all beams have a weak spot to California):Northeast AsiaSoutheast AsiaAustraliaTkA#R&EIRP max54 dBWT/A#R&G/T max-2 dB/K\3A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VCB#TFrequenciesuplink: 14.00-14.50 GHzdownlink: 12.250-12.750 GHz&3# S,1' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)&pW#<|xxN ( T r  ΀Ѐ Vertical UplinkVertical DownlinkTransponderHorizontal DownlinkHorizontal UplinkBeam21&# d|xxN"26814.03613K12.286SE Asia or Australia+W# V|xxN $4612.2861K14.036Northeast Asia2&# d|xxN"26814.07614K12.326SE Asia or Australia+ # V|xxN $4612.3262K14.076Northeast Asia2T # d|xxN"26814.11615K12.366SE Asia or Australia+  # V|xxN $4612.3663K14.116Northeast Asia2T # d|xxN"26814.15616K12.406SE Asia or Australia+ # V|xxN $4612.4064K14.156Northeast Asia2 # d|xxN"26814.19617K12.446SE Asia or Australia+ J# V|xxN $4612.4465K14.196Northeast Asia2 # d|xxN"26814.23618K12.486SE Asia or Australia+J# V|xxN $4612.4866K14.236Northeast Asia2@# d|x@xN"26814.27619K12.526SE Asia or Australia+A# V|xxN $4612.5267K14.276Northeast Asia2@SB# d|xxN"26814.31620K12.566SE Asia or Australia+AC# V|xxN $4612.5668K14.316Northeast Asia2SBC# d|xxN"26814.35621K12.606SE Asia or Australia+CD# V|xxN $4612.6069K14.356Northeast Asia2CE# d|xxN"26814.39622K12.646SE Asia or Australia,DJF# X|xxN"&6812.64610K14.396Northeast Asia2EG# d|xxN"26814.43623K12.686SE Asia or Australia,JFG# X|xxN"&6812.68611K14.436Northeast Asia2GH# d|xxN"26814.47624K12.726SE Asia or Australia,GzI# X|xxN"&6812.72612K14.476Northeast Asia$HI" 1zII1W{I#JIJT+I#J) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&IIJ# 1#JzJ1|zJJV IJJ6 Launch dateplanned in 1999t'eOEM#jN"N OEN,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"OM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]EA#R8,Geostationary orbit95Wj{M#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianec& should be an HS-702 with 48 Ku- and 12 C-band transponders.It was originally planed to cover Asia, but PanAmSat will modify PAS-9 to provide coverage of the United States and Latin America.1{1W肹T+c肹) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# < 肹J1L.cenJPanamsat 10M5 :2" Panamsat 10 & 11AJ؃# <Also called PAS 10 & PAS 111 '  GeneralY؃bG#^$") Designatione$ DŽA#RHLaunch dateboth before May 2002t'b;M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"DŽM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg&;A#RL,Geostationary orbit125W and 58W\mG#^*" &Launch vehicleYƆG#^$Launch site&m솹# 8Ɔ$' "(OTechnical data1 솹U'  Ka-bandY$A#R0(Main transponders24YUA#R0,Backup transponders[bA#R4Power40 & 60 W (TWTA)UA#R(Bandwidth54 MHzf%bA#RJCoveragemultiple steerable spotsN kA#REIRP max\ljA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VMkVB#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.6 and 29.5-30.0 GHz Downlink: 19.7-20.2 GHz\8lj$ pOnboard switching for at least half the transponders1V㊹1W㊹7]T+7) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&㊹]# 771сa{sӋĹPansat? ]Ӌ2 4"  Pansat ܍( Petite Amateur Navy SatelliteSmall, spread-spectrum communication satellite developed by the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) as an educational project for officer students. Will be a tumbling spacecraft with a weight of 75 kg to be completed in 1996. To be launched by the Shuttle (STS 86?).The spacecraft will supply direct-sequence, spread-spectrum modulation with an operating center frequency of 436.5 MHz, a bit rate of 9600 bits per second and 4 MB of message storage.1 Ӌ% Through use by the amateur radio community PANSAT will supply a means to demonstrate spread-spectrum communications. In addition, PANSAT provides many potential applications for low-cost communications. The low probability-of-intercept would be an important feature for the military in downed-pilot-rescues. The pilot could obtain his/her location through a GPS system and uplink the information to the orbiting satellite at low risk. Examples of civilian uses include emergency rescue and communication to re܍]mote areas.hC܍% Upload: 435.250 -- 437.750 MHzDownload: 435.250 -- 437.750 MHz<' *O External resourcesX1' bhttp://www.sp.nps.navy.mil/pansat/pansat.html8M' "(Technical data8' " SpecificationsVMA#R*&Prime contractorN )¹A#RPlatformT}¹A#R&"Mass at launchS)¹¹A#R$ Mass in orbitO}¹ùA#RDimensionQ¹pùA#R Solar arraySùùA#R$ StabilizationN pùĹA#RDC power\ùmĹA#R6$Design lifetime2 years&ĹĹ# 1mĹĹ1WĹŹ>ŹT+ĹŹ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&Ĺ>Ź# ?Ź}Ź1sIt}ŹŹProgram: Parus?>ŹŹ, ((" Program: ParusP}Ź ǹ2 2=  剂Means sailRussian military navigation program. The constellation is made of 1 satellite per plane on 6 planes spaced by 30. The first Parus spacecraft was Cosmos 0700, launched in 1974. The system was operational in November 1976. The Tsikada system is a civilian counterpart.BŹNǹ' 6 Occupation of the planesB ǹ6ȹ#  , B X n Plane 1Plane 2Plane 3Plane 4Plane 5Plane 6NǹMɹ#0^150.03 MHz400.08 MHz149.91 MHz399.76 MHz149.94 MHz399.84 MHz149.97 MHz399.92 MHz150.03 MHz400.08 MHz149.94 MHz399.84 MHz6ȹɹ# OMɹʹ#ڀ6PjCosmos 0778Cosmos 0789Cosmos 0726Cosmos 0864Cosmos 0700Cosmos 0755Oɹ˹#ڀ6PjCosmos 0971Cosmos 0951Cosmos 0887Cosmos 0996Cosmos 0894Cosmos 0928Oʹh̹#ڀ6PjCosmos 1141Cosmos 1089Cosmos 0991Cosmos 1091Cosmos 0985Cosmos 1011O˹<͹#ڀ6PjCosmos 1275Cosmos 1225Cosmos 1072Cosmos 1153Cosmos 1104Cosmos 1150Oh̹ι#ڀ6PjCosmos 1308Cosmos 1386Cosmos 1181Cosmos 1349Cosmos 1244Cosmos 1333O<͹ι#ڀ6PjCosmos 1417Cosmos 1531Cosmos 1295Cosmos 1459Cosmos 1344Cosmos 1428OιϹ#ڀ6PjCosmos 1513Cosmos 1610Cosmos 1464Cosmos 1605Cosmos 1577Cosmos 1535Oι#ڀϹ>Ź6PjCosmos 1634Cosmos 1709Cosmos 1448Cosmos 1802Cosmos 1725Cosmos 1550QϹt#怢6P (wnCosmos 1759Cosmos 1904Cosmos 1627Cosmos 1934Cosmos 1821Cosmos 1598OH#ڀ6PjCosmos 1891Cosmos 2074Cosmos 1745Cosmos 2016Cosmos 1864Cosmos 1704Ot#ڀ6PjCosmos 2004Cosmos 2184Cosmos 2026Cosmos 2100Cosmos 2034Cosmos 1808UH#2x:T%xrd(wCosmos 2135Cosmos 2310Cosmos 2154Cosmos 2173Cosmos 2142Cosmos 1959Y#",x n3x>+x\,xz ,xCosmos 2266Cosmos 2341Cosmos 2218Cosmos 2239Cosmos 2233Cosmos 20612#d"3x $(H3xFJCosmos 2327Cosmos 2336Cosmos 2180'#N"F3x $(,0,xCosmos 2334Cosmos 22790#:(s3x"(,04Cosmos 2346f) "3xAt least Cosmos 660, 807, 1064, 2321 were Parus satellites but failed to reach the correct orbit.80' "(OTechnical data/&'  Orbit[A#R4"Perigee/Apogee1000 kmT&A#R&Inclination83S( A#R$Period105 minB A#R Orbital cycle3 days (same ground tracks every 41 revolutions)&( # 8 ' " Specificationsg& p A#RL&Prime contractorPO Polyot of OmskX A#R.PlatformMusson bus[p # A#R4"Mass at launch1550 kgS v A#R$ Mass in orbitu4# A#RhDiameter~ 2 m (cylinder shape with a long mast)Av m A#RHeight1.4 m for the first birds, then 2 m (without the mast)S A#R$ StabilizationN m  A#RDC powerU c A#R($Design lifetime" ? L .<:n!!&Broadcast in VHF and UHF at frequencies around 150 and 400 MHzParus, Tsikada, Nadezhda, Kurs,Informator and GEO-IK all use the same basic bus, although Parus has older design systems and tends not to last as long.1c 1W 0T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&0# 7 g1{sׅtg OPASI 17 0, (" PASI 1P-g @# ZThe name Agila 1 will eventually remain... @01 =@'  GeneralY @@G#^$") Designationg&=@@A#RLLaunch dateplanned on 31 Dec 1996i"@fAG#^D"N ,Country of originPhilippinef@AP#p,(₭`gOperatorPASIo"fA;BM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsA CC#T,Geostationary orbit153E or 161E (both have been coordinated)It was also reported that the 144E slot could be "shared" with Indonesiaj;BuCM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane CE) The project is led by the government together with firms like: Philippine Telegraph and Telephone, Smart Communications, Globe Telecom, Eastern telecommunication Philippines, etc. Domsat Holdings Inc holds over 60%.2 satellites (identical) and 2 ground control stations (in Manila and Cebu, $16.5 million) ordered from Aerospatiale (PASI 1: $97 million, PASI 2: $73 million). The second satellite is a ground spare (the primary satellite will be delivered in orbit)Launch cost: $78 millionEuCE* $6#oPASI 0 is Gorizont 298E F' "(OTechnical data8EDF' " Specificationsb! FFA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale[DFGA#R4PlatformSpacebus 3000[F\GA#R4"Mass at launch2560 kgSGGA#R$ Mass in orbitY\GHA#R0Dimension7.3 m high\GdHA#R6Solar array26.3 m spanSHHA#R$ StabilizationYdHIA#R0DC powerEOL: 4750 W]HmIA#R8$Design lifetime15 years&II# 0 mII'  C-bandYIJA#R0(Main transponders26YIuJA#R0,Backup transpondersK JJA#RPowerOuJKA#RBandwidthq.JKC#V\CoverageWest: IndiaEast: USNorth: ChinaN KKA#REIRP maxRK LA#R"Polarization&KFL# 1 LwL'  Ku-bandYFLLA#R0(Main transponders12YwL)MA#R0,Backup transpondersK LtMA#RPowerO)MMA#RBandwidthN tMNA#RCoverageN M_NA#REIRP maxRNNA#R"PolarizationY5_N O$ jOne transponder will be donated to the government1N;O1W;OOOT+ OO) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&;OO# AO 1rItu YProgram: PegasusO OMOY5 :2}n" Program: PegasusA # <American scientific program1Yˀ1ˀF{:FA Rt ROPQProgram: PegasusPegasus 1Pegasus 2Pegasus 3: ˀ1uƁFPegasus 1FFƁ5 :$}n" Pegasus 11 '  Generalg Ɓ^G#^@") Designation01085 / 65009A\A#R6Launch date16 Feb 1965t'^.M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States5M#jj"H̀@0pMissionScientific: observation of meteorites^.A#R:"Perigee/Apogee510/726 kmVdA#R*Inclination31.7RA#R"Period97 min\dG#^*" &Launch vehicle_qA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 5q̅'  End of lifeV"A#R*Decay17 Sep 1978$̅F" : "1quuƆEPegasus 2FFƆ5 :$}n" Pegasus 21 '  Generalg Ɔ^G#^@") Designation01381 / 65039A\A#R6Launch date25 May 1965t'^.M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States5M#jj"H̀@0pMissionScientific: observation of meteorites^.A#R:"Perigee/Apogee502/740 kmVdA#R*Inclination31.7RA#R"Period97 min\dG#^*" &Launch vehicle_qA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 5q̊'  End of lifeU!A#R(Decay3 Nov 1979$̊E" : !1uŋRPegasus 3FEŋ5 :$}n" Pegasus 31 '  Generalg ŋ]G#^@") Designation01467 / 65060A\A#R6Launch date30 Jul 1965t']-M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States5M#jj"H̀@0pMissionScientific: observation of meteorites^- A#R:"Perigee/Apogee441/449 kmVcA#R*Inclination28.9T A#R&Period93.4 min\cG#^*" &Launch vehicle_rA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 5r͏'  End of lifeU.A#R(͏.EDecay4 Aug 1969$͏R" 7.1ׅtuźPegsat7 R, (" Pegsat1 '  Generalg XG#^@") Designation20546 / 90028A[A#R4Launch date5 Apr 1990t'X'ºM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1ºM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^'ºúA#R:"Perigee/Apogee395/500 kmVºYúA#R*Inclination94.1TúúA#R&Period93.5 minn!YúĺM#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #1[úvĺA#R4Launch siteVandenbergZĺĺA#R2"Mass at launch191 kg&vĺĺ# <ĺ2ź' *O External resourcesc<ĺź' xhttp://uss-enterprise.bu.edu/BUSPACE/CRRES/crrespro.html62źź1u[uźƺ˺Pole6 źƺ, (" PoleI źJƺ) "@ Means "Prliminaire EOLE"1 ƺ{ƺ'  Generalg JƺƺG#^@") Designation04801 / 70109A\{ƺ>ǺA#R6Launch date12 Dec 1970m ƺǺM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceR>ǺǺA#R"OperatorCNES~1Ǻ{ȺM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^ǺȺA#R:"Perigee/Apogee634/750 kmT{Ⱥ-ɺA#R&Inclination15TȺɺA#R&Period98.6 minn!-ɺɺM#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #6YɺHʺA#R0"Mass at launch58 kgW3ɺʺ$ fFirst geodetic satellite on an equatorial orbit5Hʺʺ'  End of life_ʺ3˺A#R<"Out of service23 Mar 1972Vʺ˺A#R*Decay16 Jun 1980$3˺˺" 9˺˺1wuv˺̺PBPhase 3D9 ˺̺, (" Phase 3D1 ˺P̺'  GeneralY̺̺G#^$") Designationd#P̺ ͺA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Jun 1997_̺lͺG#^0"N ,Country of origino" ͺͺM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsc"lͺ>κA#RD"Perigee/Apogee4000 / 47000 kmVͺκA#R*Inclination63.4L >κκA#RPeriodlκLϺM#j>" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 4QκϺA#R Launch site&LϺϺ# <Ϻ ' *O External resourcesϺ ˺\Ϻ. ,http://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/phase3d.htmlhttp://www.aball.de/~pg/amsat/p3dqrg.html8 ' "(OTechnical data8' " Specifications^dA#R:&Prime contractorAMSAT-DLN A#RPlatformt3d&A#Rf"Mass at launch~ 500 kg (including 250 kg fuel)SyA#R$ Mass in orbit\&A#R6Dimension1120 x 675 cmQy&A#R Solar arrayYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisU&A#R(DC power~ 600 WU)A#R($Design lifetime{W$ Orbit control with GPS (12 antennas); capable of computing it's own Kepler elementsF)' > Uplink frequency chart (MHz)2x#dn  * P UplinkDigitalAnalog PassbandCenter&c#Ln<15 mnone21.210 - 21.25021.2305c#jn 2X2 m145.800 - 145.840145.840 - 145.990145.9157Oc#nn6\70 cm435.300 - 435.550435.550 - 435.800435.675@c#nBl23 cm (1)1269.000 - 1269.2501269.250 - 1269.5001269.375@Oc#nBl23 cm (2)1268.075 - 1268.3501268.325 - 1268.5751268.450@8 c#nBl13 cm (1)2400.100 - 2400.3502400.350 - 2400.6002400.475@ c#nBl13 cm (2)2449.200 - 2446.4502446.450 - 2446.7002446.575;8 y c#vn8b6 cm5668.300 - 5668.5505668.550 - 5668.8005668.675& # H!y ' B Downlink frequency chart (MHz)4 x#hn  . T DownlinkDigitalAnalog PassbandCenterv c#&n"10 m29.3301 c#bn .P2 m145.955-145.990145.805-145.955145.8803 3 c#fn2T70 cm435.900-436.200435.475-435.725435.6008 c#pn6\13 cm2400.650-2400.9502400.225-2400.4752400.350<3 mc#xn8b3 cm10451.450-10451.75010451.025-10451.27510451.150> c#|n<f1.5 cm24048.450-24048.75024048.025-24048.27524048.150&m4# 7k'   Beacons (MHz)y4 @^#6n  Beacon 1Beacon 2k @˺dkp@R#t$n 2 mnonenonel @@R#t4n"70 cm435.450435.850np@JAR#t8n$13 cm2400.2002400.600o@AR#t:n$3 cm10451.00010451.400qJA*BR#t>n(1.5 cm24048.00024048.400&APB# 1*BB1WBBBT+PBB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BB# 4B/C1[u'v/CcCIPMG4BcC, (" PMG</CC# 2Plasma Motor Generator1 cCC'  Generalg C7DG#^@") Designation22701 / 93042Bh'CDA#RNLaunch date26 Jun 1993 at 13:27 UTt'7DEM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesfDyEG#^>"H̀MissionTether experiment^EEA#R:"Perigee/Apogee192/850 kmTyE+FA#R&Inclination26L EwFA#RPeriodp#+FFM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 7925_wFFGA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralF]I- (RThe PMG experiment uses somewhat different hardware from the Seds deployer, although it is for the most part built by the same groups. The PMG tether remained attached to the Delta stage.PMG was launched with a 500m conducting tether containing a copper cable. The tether deployer and end mass contained a xenon gas dispenser to complete a 0.1 kV electrical circuit through the tether with a 0.3 amp current, in a 6-hour experiment to study space tethers' electrodynamic properties.<FGI' *O External resourcese>]II' |http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/tether/past_uses.html8I6J1Nvv6JnJKPolaire8 InJ, (" Polaire56JJ'  End of life^nJKA#R:"Out of service5 Dec 1971f%JgKA#RJCauseLaunch failure (Diamant B4)$KK" 6gKK1z'vwKK(Polar6 KK, (" Polar1 K(L'  Generalg KLG#^@") Designation23802 / 96013Ah'(LLA#RNLaunch date24 Feb 1996 at 11:24 UTt'LkMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesZLMG#^&OperatorNASAHkMZNM#j"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study (auroral plasma physics)TMNA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeTZNOA#R&Inclination86L NNOA#RPeriodo"OOM#jD" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #33NO}- (a͉Launched under the MO}KELVS contract (Medium Expendable Launch Vehicle Services, between NASA and McDonnell Douglas)Polar is one of two spacecraft in NASA's Global Geospace Science (GGS) mission, which is part of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program. Polar and a sister spacecraft, Wind 1, will perform simultaneous, coordinated measurements of key regions of Earth's space environment. Included are observations of the entry and transport of solar plasma over Earth's magnetic poles, imaging of the northern aurora (Northern Lights), and investigations of solar wind properties. Polar was built by Lockheed Martin Astro Space.<O' * External resourcesh}O. ,http://ggsfot.gsfc.nasa.gov/words/polar.htmlhttp://uss-enterprise.bu.edu/BUSPACE/POLAR/polar.html&u# 8O' "(Technical data:u/H ^u      Polar carries two booms and 6 long wire antennae. In the 'equatorial' plane of the satellite are a pair of antennae spanning 130 meters and, at right angles, another pair of antennae spanning 100 meters. Along the spin axis of the satellite are another pair of antennae with a span of 14 meters. These antennae are used to study electric and magnetic fields for the PWI (Plasma Wave Investigation) and EFI (Electric Field Instrument) experiments. Two larger but shorter (6 m long) booms carry more PWI instruments and the MFE (Magnetic Field Experiment). nq             Other instruments:TIMAS (Toroidal Imaging Mass-Angle Spectrograph) to study fluxes of ions as a function of directionTIDE (Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment) and PSI (Plasma Source Instrument) which study connections between the polar ionosphere and the magnetotailVIS (Visible Imaging System) and UVI (Ultraviolet Imager) which measure auroral emissions.PIXIE (Polar Ionospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment) studies X-rays produced by energetic electrons in the upper atmosphere. M/(> J    CAMMICE (Charge and Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment) studies the isotopic composition of energetic ions. CEPPAD (Comprehensive Energetic Particle Pitch Angle Distribution) studies high energy protons and electrons.(JSR)Telemetry: 2265.0 MHz (realtime: 55.6 kbps, playback: 512 kbps)Command: 2085.688 MHz7_1Vvw_Pollux7 (, (" Pollux5_ˊ# $Also called D5A1 '  Generalg ˊcG#^@") Designation07801 / 75039A\A#R6Launch date17 May 1975m c,M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo(G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation_,A#R<"Perigee/Apogee299/1256 kmTNA#R&Inclination30UA#R(Period100.4 mino"NM#jD" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #11YkA#R0"Mass at launch37 kgx * $ )Must test a hydrazin motor. Counterpart of the first Pollux that was destroy at launch with Castor on 22 May 1973.5kB'  End of lifeU A#R(Decay5 Aug 1975$B" 6 1bw3 BpλPosat 6 B, (" PosatK" ) "D䵟Also called PO-28 or Oscar 281 B'  Generalg %G#^@") Designation22829 / 93061G\A#R6Launch date25 Sep 1993o"%M#jD"N ,މCountry of originPortugalk»J#d" OperatorConsorcio Po-SAT of the LNETI (Laboratorio Nacional de Engenhario e Technologia Industrial)o"ûM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^»rûA#R:"Perigee/Apogee787/803 kmVûûA#R*Inclination98.7UrûĻA#R(Period100.8 minn!ûĻM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V59[ĻĻA#R4"Mass at launch45.5 kgzĻŻ0 0SFirst Portuguese satellite. Built by Surrey's University. Is very similar to Kitsat B with a GPS reception system.<ĻŻ' *O External resourcesb;Ż.ƻ' vhttp://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/CSER/UOSAT/research/gps.html8Żfƻ' "(OTechnical data8.ƻƻ' " Specifications>fƻ#ǻG#^|& Prime contractorSSTL (Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.)RƻuǻA#R"PlatformSSTL[#ǻǻA#R4"Mass at launch50.5 kgSuǻ#ȻA#R$ Mass in orbitRǻuȻA#R"Length352 mmQ#ȻȻA#R Width356 mmRuȻɻA#R"Height670 mmc"Ȼ{ɻA#RD Stabilizationgravity gradientN ɻɻA#RDC power\{ɻ%ʻA#R6$Design lifetime5 years&ɻKʻ# K$%ʻʻ' H Transponder frequency chart (MHz),Kʻ ˻^#X "JLDownlink freq.Transponder/BeaconMode)ʻ˻j#R145.975JD 9600 bps FSK (Primary)+ ˻H̻j#V145.925JD 9600 bps FSK (Secondary)&˻n̻# *H̻̻^#T FHUplink freq.Transponder/BeaconMode)n̻ͻj#R435.075JD 9600 bps FSK (Primary)+̻λj#V435.050JD 9600 bps FSK (Secondary)R.ͻpλ$ \Can be switched to downlink at 429.950 MHz6λλ13xλλLProba6 pλλ, (" ProbaC λϻ# @Project for On Board Autonomy1 λPϻ'  GeneralYϻϻG#^$") DesignationZPϻA#R2Launch dateJune 200ϻpλ0m ϻ|M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope_G#^0"H̀MissionScientificT|/A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQA#R InclinationL /A#RPeriodh4M#j6" &#Launch vehiclePSLVQA#R Launch site4?' 'Total cost: $14.5 millionWill conduct autonomous science observations on requests from Earth stations. Launch is planned piggyback on a PSLV.8w' "(OTechnical data8?' " SpecificationsFw6A#R&Prime contractorVerhaert Design & Development (Kruibeke, Belgium)N A#RPlatformZ6A#R2"Mass at launch100 kgS1A#R$ Mass in orbit`A#R>Dimension0.8 x 0.6 x 0.6 mQ1A#R Solar arrayS5A#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC power\5A#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsmIL$ Has a 25 m resolution spectrometer and a radiation and dust detectors1}1W}T+L) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&}# 9016ۄwn50in Prospero9 i, (" Prospero40# "Also called X31 i'  Generalg 5 G#^@") Designation05580 / 71093A\ A#R6Launch date28 Oct 1971u(5  M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomo( u G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation_ A#R<"Perigee/Apogee531/1402 kmTu ( A#R&Inclination82U } A#R(Period104.4 minr%( M#jJ" &XىLaunch vehicleBlack Arrow #4Y} H A#R0"Mass at launch66 kgf $ Designed and operated by the RAE. Only satellite launched by a British rocket. Tested solar cells.8H ' "(OTechnical datad? n % ~Transmits on 137.56 MHzspin stabilized, 4 rpm11 m diameter9 1n5Mx KRadarsat9 n , (" Radarsat1 '  Generalg xG#^@") Designation23710 / 95059A[A#R4Launch date4 Nov 1995m x@M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanadao%J#dJOperatorCanadian Space Agencyk@&@M#j<"H̀郉Mi&@n ssionRemote sensingl+@A#RV"Perigee/Apogee783/787 km (polar orbit)V&@@A#R*Inclination98.6S@;AA#R$Period100 minp#@AM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #229[;ABA#R4"Mass at launch2750 kg[AD7 <T@^gl^gLaunched under the MELVS contractRadarsat is a cooperative program between the Canadian Space Agency, NASA and NOAA. The Canadian Space Agency built and operated the satellite; NASA furnished the launch. In exchange, U.S. government agencies will have access to all archived Radarsat data and have approximately 15% of the satellite's observing time.The satellite is worth $640 million dollars Canadian and the launch about $50 million.Radarsat International, Inc. will be the commercial distributor of Radarsat data worldwide. Lockheed Martin has distribution rights in the United States.1 BD' O ContactjD`E- *Canadian Space AgencyTel: +1-514-926-4436Fax: +1-514-926-4973Email: coord@adro.radar1.sp-agency.ca1 DE' O Contact`E\F1 05RadarSat International (RSI)275 Slater Street, Suite 1203Ottawa, Ontario K1P5H9CanadaTel: +1-613-238-6413Fax: +1-613-238-5425http://www.rsi.ca/<EF' *O External resourcesQ\FG. ,http://adro.radar1.sp-agency.ca/http://www.ball.com/aerospace/radrsat.html8FOG' "(OTechnical data8GG' " Specificationsm,OGGA#RX&Prime contractorSpar Aerospace (Canada)N GBHA#RPlatform\GHA#R6"Mass at launch3150 kg?YBHHA#R0Payload mass1500 kgOHFIA#RDimensionZHIA#R2Solar array18 m spanSFIIA#R$ StabilizationTIGJA#R&DC power2200 W\IJA#R6$Design lifetime5 yearsGJK+ $15 m long x 1.5 m wide Synthetic Aperture C-band RadarResolution: between 30 m and 90 mOn-board storage: 96 MBUplink: S-band (2 kbps)Downlink: S-band (2.5, 2, 4, 32 or 128 kbps)Another downlink for science data is at: 2230.000 MHz7JK1xyK,L2Radcal7 K,L, (" Radcal9KeL# ,Also known as P92-11 ,LL'  Generalg eLLG#^@") Designation22698 / 93041Ah'LeMA#RNLaunch date25 Jun 1993 at 23:30 UTt'LMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesfeM?NG#^>"H̀MissionRadar calibration^MNA#R:"Perigee/Apogee751/884 kmV?NNA#R*Inclination89.5UNHOA#R(Period101.2 minn!NOM#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #117YHOA#R0"Mass at OKlaunch87 kgeO' Was built by Defense Systems Inc. for the USAF Space Test ProgramRadcal carries a C-band transponder operating on the same frequency as the radars, and a GPS navigation package so that its orbit can be precisely determined. This calibration will allow the Space Command radars to determine orbital positions of other satellites to within a few metres.<ぼ' *O External resourcesO(2' Phttp://www.cta-space.com/s19-00.html; ぼm1_ Mxym֎Radiosat 1;2, ( " Radiosat 11 mق'  GeneralY2G#^$") Designation`قA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999t'2M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"uM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsx7턼A#Rn,Geostationary orbit??? previously 80W was planned\uIG#^*" &Launch vehicleH!턼' CProgram composed of 4 GEO satellites operated by CD Radio Inc. It will broadcast digital radio in the continental US. Was granted an FCC license ($83.3 million paid), slots: 80W & 110W. CD Radio acquired $105 million from Arianespace Finance S.A. to help financing the project. The satellites will be delivered in orbit by Loral.The launches of the first 2 satellites had been bought from Ariane 5 in July 1997. The order was cancelled in May 1998 because of the unability to deliver the satellites in inclined orbit. The Ariane 5 vehicle would not have been able to place these craft in orbit until the advent of the new launcher's reignitable upper stage in 2001. As the prime contractor, Loral will try to use the 2 vacant ariane slots or will have to pay 6% of the $290 million contract.I|/ ,yHThe new system needs 3 satellites to be operational. It is yet unclear in what orbit those birds will be, maybe in some circular 35870 km with 40 to 70 inclination.The fourth satellite will serve as a ground spare (this will cost an additional $290 million). At the same time (Aug 1997) Loral announced to have invested $25 million in CD Radio (approx 15%) The total system cost is now approx $950 millionIts competitor will be AMRC1 ' O ContactwJ|$- *CD Radio, Inc.Washington DC, USAhttp://www.cdradio.com/NASDAQ:CDRD8\' "(OTechnical data8$' " SpecificationsZ\A#R2&Prime contractorSS/LUCA#R(PlatformFS-1300[A#R4"Mass at launch3500 kgSCA#R$ Mass in orbitO@A#RDimensionQA#R Solar arrayY@ꍼA#R0 Stabilization3-axisN 8A#RDC power]ꍼA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsA8֎$ :downlink: 2320-2332.5 MHz11W[T+֎[) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# @[1yProgram: RadugaL5 :0c+" Program: Raduga, &%xMeans rainbowSoviet telecommunication program. The payloads are Statsionar (C-band), Gals (X-band, 7.25-7.75 GHz) and maybe Volna (L-band).11ULļpļ=E) "( -Program: RadugaLļN#js5oހ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ5oމ=4oމ44oމ54oމ64oމ74oމ84oމl94oމ:4oމ;4oމ<4oމh4oމ_4oމ`4oމa4oމb4oމc4oމd4oމe4oމf4oމg4oމ4oމfւ4oމ4oމ4oމƭ\ƭ\ƭ\Raduga 01Raduga 02Raduga 03Raduga 04Raduga 05Raduga 06Raduga 07Raduga 08Raduga 09Raduga 10Raduga 11Raduga 12Raduga 13Raduga 14Raduga 15Raduga 16Raduga 17Raduga 18Raduga 19Raduga 20Raduga 21Raduga 22Raduga 23Raduga 24Raduga 25Raduga 26Raduga 27Raduga 28Raduga 29Raduga 30Raduga 31Raduga 32Raduga 33Raduga 1-1Raduga 1-2Raduga 1-3$Epļ" 1Lļļ1ļǼ=pļļ# 4Raduga's specifications\ļ:żA#R60&Prime contractorNPO PMTļżA#R&0PlatformRaduga[:żżA#R40"Mass at launch1965 kgN ż7ƼA#R0DiameterL żƼA#R0HeightY7ƼƼA#R00 Stabilization3 axisTƼ0ǼA#R&0DC power1300 Wa ƼǼA#R@0$Design lifetime3 to 5 yearsd@0ǼǼ$ No North-South stabilisation. Equipped 1 X-band transponder.1Ǽ&ȼ1W&ȼzȼȼT+Ǽzȼ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&&ȼȼ# 1zȼȼ1UȼM˼q˼5ȼɼ# $Raduga's C-bandXȼ^ɼA#R.0(Main transponders3YɼɼA#R00,Backup transpondersV^ɼ ʼA#R*0Power15 W (TWTA)UɼbʼA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHz}; ʼʼB#Tv00Coverage andEIRP maxhemispheric beam (9x18): 32 dBWn,bʼM˼B#TX0PolarizationRHCP: downlinkLHCP: uplink$ʼq˼" 1M˼˼1W˼˼̼T+q˼˼) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&˼̼# : ˼V̼1<0zV̼̼Raduga 01F̼̼5 :$c+" Raduga 011 V̼̼'  Generalg ̼4ͼG#^@") Designation08513 / 75123A\̼ͼA#R6Launch date22 Dec 1975j4ͼͼM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"ͼiμM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-ͼμG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-01, 75En!iμKϼM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #56&μqϼ# 5Kϼϼ'  End of lifeWqϼ A#R,"Out of serviceyesϼ ̼&ϼ2# 8 j' "(Technical dataL20 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: j1<ykz6ARaduga 02F65 :$c+" Raduga 021 g'  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation09416 / 76092A\g*A#R6Launch date11 Sep 1976jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"*M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-wG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35En!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #59&w # 5@'  End of lifeW A#R,"Out of serviceyes&@# 8' "(Technical dataLA0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: {1<0zz{ Raduga 03FA5 :$c+" Raduga 031 {'  Generalg YG#^@") Designation10159 / 77071A\A#R6Launch date23 Jul 1977jYM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35En!pM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #63&# 5p'  End of lifeW" A#R,"Out of serviceyes&H # 8" ' "(Technical dataLH 0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band:  1<kzz L WRaduga 04F L 5 :$c+" Raduga 041  } '  Generalg L G#^@") Designation10987 / 78073A\} @ A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1978j M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"@  M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst- G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35En! M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #69& ! # 5 V '  End of lifeW! A#R,"Out of serviceyes&V # 8 ' "(Technical dataL W0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: 1>zǀzBRaduga 05FW5 :$c+" Raduga 051 '  Generalg oG#^@") Designation11343 / 79035A\A#R6Launch date25 Apr 1979joA@M#j:"N A@W, Country of originCISo"@M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-A@$AG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-03, 85En!@AM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #77&$AA# 5AA'  End of lifeWADBA#R,"Out of serviceyes&AjB# 8DBB' "(Technical dataLjBB0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: B(C1<zz(CnCyGRaduga 06FBnC5 :$c+" Raduga 061 (CC'  Generalg nCDG#^@") Designation11708 / 80016A\CbDA#R6Launch date20 Feb 1980jDDM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"bD;EM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-DEG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35En!;EFM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #82&ECF# 5FxF'  End of lifeWCFFA#R,"Out of serviceyes&xFF# 8F-G' "(Technical dataLFyG0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: -GG1;ǀz") Designation12618 / 81069\g)A#R6Launch date30 Jul 1981j́M#j:"N , Country of originCISo")M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsa cA#R@,Geostationary orbit??? 25En!уM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #90&c# 5у,'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes&,# 8ᄽ' "(Technical dataL-0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: ᄽg1;0{{gRaduga 10F-5 :$c+" Raduga 101 gޅ'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation12897 / 81102A[ޅA#R4Launch date9 Oct 1981jE M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"yM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst- 퇽G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35En!y[M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #91&퇽# 5['  End of lifeW A#R,"Out of serviceyes&3# 8 k' "(Technical dataL30 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: k1]{{7Raduga 11F75 :$c+" Raduga 111 h'  Generalg 7ϊG#^@") Designation13669 / 82113A\h+A#R6Launch date26 Nov 1982jϊM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"+M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-xG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35Eo"猽M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #102Yx@A#R0Launch siteTyuratam&猽f# 5@'  End of lifeWfA#R,"Out of serviceyes&# 8P' "(Technical dataL0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: P֎1I{{֎3ýRaduga 12F5 :$c+" Raduga 121 ֎M'  Generalg G#^@") Designation13974 / 83028A[MA#R4Launch date8 Apr 1983jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-hG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-03, 85Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #107&h# 52½'  End of lifeW½A#R,"Out of serviceyes&2½½# 8½½' "(Technical dataL½3ý0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: ½mý1={!{mýýǽRaduga 13F3ýý5 :$c+" Raduga 131 mýý'  Generalg ýKĽG#^@") Designation14307 / 83088A\ýĽA#R6Launch date25 Aug 1983jKĽŽM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"ĽŽM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-ŽŽG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-09, 45Eo"ŽcƽM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #112&Žƽ# 5cƽƽ'  End of lifeWƽǽA#R,"Out of serviceyes&ƽ;ǽ# 8ǽsǽ' "(Technical dataL;ǽǽ0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: sǽǽ1={]{ǽ?ȽK̽Raduga 14Fǽ?Ƚ5 :$c+" Raduga 141 ǽpȽ'  Generalg ?ȽȽG#^@") Designation14725 / 84016A\pȽ3ɽA#R6Launch date15 Feb 1984jȽɽM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"3ɽ ʽM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-ɽʽG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-03, 85Eo" ʽʽM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #116&ʽ˽# 5ʽJ˽'  End of lifeW˽˽A#R,"Out of serviceyes&J˽˽# 8˽˽' "(Technical dataL˽K̽0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: ˽̽1C!{0|̽̽Raduga 15FK̽̽5 :$c+" Raduga 151 ̽̽'  Generalg ̽cͽG#^@") Designation15057 / 84063A\̽ͽA#R6Launch date22 Jun 1984jcͽ)νM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"ͽνM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsu.)ν ϽG#^\,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-15, 128Eo"ν|ϽM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #122& ϽϽ# 5|ϽϽ'  End of lifeWϽ:A#R,Ͻ:K̽"Out of serviceyes&Ͻ`# 8:' "(Technical dataL`0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: 1;]{j|dnRaduga 16Fd5 :$c+" Raduga 161 '  Generalg dG#^@") Designation15946 / 85070A[WA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1985jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"W0M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-09, 45En!0M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton#134&8# 5m'  End of lifeW8A#R,"Out of serviceyes&m# 8"' "(Technical dataLn0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: "1=0|| Raduga 17Fn5 :$c+" Raduga 171 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation16250 / 85107A\A#R6Launch date15 Nov 1985jLM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-L/G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #137&/# 5'  End of lifeWP A#R,"Out of serviceyes&v # 8P ' "(Technical dataLv 0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: 4 1=j||4 z Raduga 18F z 5 :$c+" Raduga 181 4 '  Generalg z  G#^@") Designation16497 / 86007A\ n A#R6Launch date17 Jan 1986j M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"n G M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst- G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-08, 25Wo"G * M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #139& P # 5* '  End of lifeWP A#R,"Out of serviceyes& # 8 :' "(Technical dataL0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: :1V||%CRaduga 19F5 :$c+" Raduga 191 7'  Generalg G#^@") Designation17046 / 86082A\7 @A#R6Launch date25 Oct 1986 @jv@M#j:"N , Country of originCISo" @@M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsu.v@ZAG#^\,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-10, 170Wo"@AM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #145&ZAA# 5A$B'  End of lifeWA{BA#R,"Out of serviceyes&$BB# 8{BB' "(Technical dataLB%C0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: B_C1=|"|_CCGRaduga 20F%CC5 :$c+" Raduga 201 _CC'  Generalg C=DG#^@") Designation17611 / 87028A\CDA#R6Launch date19 Mar 1987j=DEM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"DrEM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-EEG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-03, 85Eo"rEUFM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #149&E{F# 5UFF'  End of lifeW{FGA#R,"Out of serviceyes&F-G# 8GeG' "(Technical dataL-GG0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: eGG1r||G1HrNRaduga 21FG1H5 :$c+" Raduga 211 GbH'  Generalg 1HHG#^@") Designation18631 / 87100A\bH%IA#R6Launch date10 Dec 1987jHIM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"%IIM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!I`JA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"IJM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #159&`JJ# 2 J'K'  LocationJKm#:   " BeginEndPosition-'KNLp#Z$(*4L: 10 Dec 1987Statsionar-15, 128E2KLp#d  4?Dec 1997Statsionar-10, 170W, inclined&NLM# 5LKM'  End of life^MMA#R:"Out of serviceDec 1997 ?&KMM# 8MN' "(Technical datak3MrN8 @fW_'dؕ$SpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)1NN1NNNrNN6 <2_4oހ"FRaduga 21's EIRP: N+O1"|}+OqORaduga 22FNqO5 :$c+" Raduga 221 +OO'  Generalg qOG#^@") Designation19596 /ON 88095A\OqA#R6Launch date20 Oct 1988jۀM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"qJM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!ۀA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"JM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #172&A# : {- */ۀ LocationAm#:   " BeginEndPosition,{p#X$(*4L: 20 Oct 1988Statsionar-02, 35E):p#R E4?Statsionar-27, 12E, inclined&`# 8:' "(Technical datak3`8 @fW_'dSpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)1414N6 <2`4oހ"GRaduga 22's EIRP: 41\|C}-Raduga 23F5 :$c+" Raduga 231 3'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19928 / 89030A\3A#R6Launch date14 Apr 1989j`M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"χM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!`1A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"χM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #176&1ƈ# : - */ۀ Locationƈm#:   " BeginEndPosition4.p#h$8:4L: 14 Apr 1989Jul 1995Statsionar-08, 25W.̊p#\,.4Sep 1995Jul 1996Statsionar-09, 45E&.# 5̊''  End of life\A#R6"Out of serviceJul 1996&'# 8ዾ' "(Technical dataL-0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band; ዾh1s}a}hRaduga 1-1G-5 :&c+" Raduga 1-11 h'  Generalg GG#^@") Designation20083 / 89048A\A#R6Launch date21 Jun 1989jG M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"|M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications~7 G#^n,H4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-20, 70E, inclinedo"|iM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #178&# 5iď'  End of lifed#4A#RF"ď4-Out of serviceyes, early 1997?&ďZ# 84' "(Technical datak3Z8 @fW_'dnSSpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)1.1.}O}6 <4ƭ\"HRaduga 1-1's EIRP: .1=C}} ƾRaduga 24F}5 :$c+" Raduga 241 .¾'  Generalg ¾G#^@") Designation20367 / 89098A\.¾¾A#R6Launch date15 Dec 1989j¾[þM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"¾þM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-[þ>ľG#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-09, 45Eo"þľM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #183&>ľľ# 5ľž'  End of lifeWľ_žA#R,"Out of serviceyes&žž# 8_žž' "(Technical dataLž ƾ0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: žCƾ1a}}CƾƾʾRaduga 25F ƾƾ5 :$c+" Raduga 251 Cƾƾ'  Generalg ƾ!ǾG#^@") Designation20499 / 90016A\ƾ}ǾA#R6Launch date15 Feb 1990j!ǾǾM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"}ǾVȾM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-ǾȾG#^Z,H4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-20, 70Eo"VȾ9ɾM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #185&Ⱦ_ɾ# 59ɾɾ'  End of life\_ɾɾA#R6"Out of serviceMar 1995a ɾQʾA#R@CauseSent to the junk orbit&ɾwʾ# 8Qʾʾ' "(Technical dataLwʾʾ0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: ʾ5˾1I}F}5˾{˾ϾRaduga 26Fʾ{˾5 :$c+" Raduga 261 5˾˾'  Generalg {˾̾G#^@") Designation21016 / 90112A\˾o̾A#R6Launch date20 Dec 1990j̾̾M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"o̾H;M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationst-̾;G#^Z,4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-03, 85Eo"H;+ξM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #194&;Qξ# 5+ξξ'  End of lifec"QξξA#RD"Out of servicebefore Feb 1995&ξϾ# 8ξGϾ' "(Technical dataLϾϾ0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band; GϾϾ1C}~Ͼ!2Raduga 1-2GϾ!5 :&c+"Ͼ!Ͼ Raduga 1-21 ϾR'  Generalg !G#^@") Designation21038 / 90116A\RA#R6Launch date27 Dec 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!PA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #195&P# 2 '  Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition>Op#|$8:B4L: 27 Dec 1990Jul 1996Statsionar-24, 49E, inclined&u# 5O'  End of life\uA#R6"Out of serviceAug 1996c"iA#RDCausedrifting out of control?&# 8i' "(Technical datak328 @fW_'d)%[SpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)1c1cO26 <4ƭ\"HRaduga 1-2's EIRP: c1F}B~2 Raduga 27F25 :$c+" Raduga 271 c'  Generalg 2G#^@") Designation21132 / 91014A\c&A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1991jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"&M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!a A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo" M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #197&a # : 0 - */ۀ Location m#:   " BeginEndPosition-0 W p#Z$(*4L: 28 Feb 1991Statsionar-15, 128E& } # 8W ' "(Technical dataL}  0 08W_'dSpecificationsC-band: ; 1~~; @Raduga 28F 5 :$c+" Raduga 281 ; '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation21821 / 91087A\ u A#R6Launch date19 Dec 1991j M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"u NM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications9 M#jr"/ۀ04Geostationary orbitStatsionar-02, 35E, inclinedo"NCM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #204&i# 8C' "(Technical datak3i@8 @fW_'dzESpecificationsC-bandEIRP cover@ age (dBW)1I@1I@@N@@6 <2f4oހ"IRaduga 28's EIRP: I@@1B~s~@ADRaduga 29F@A5 :$c+" Raduga 291 @HA'  Generalg AAG#^@") Designation22557 / 93013Ah'HABA#RNLaunch date25 Mar 1993 at 02:40 UTjABM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"BBM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications|/BlCM#j^"/ۀ0E4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-27, 12Eo"BCM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #214&lCD# 8C9D' "(Technical datak3DD8 @fW_'d=NSpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)19DD1D*EUD*E6 <@g4oހ"GRaduga 29's C-band EIRP: DdE1~͂~dEE7IRaduga 30F*EE5 :$c+" Raduga 301 dEE'  Generalg EBFG#^@") Designation22836 / 93062Ah'EFA#RNLaunch date30 Sep 1993 at 17:06 UTjBFGM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"FGM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications|/GGM#j^"/ۀ04Geostationary orbitStatsionar-03, 85Eo"GnHM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #216&GH# 8nHH' "(Technical datak3H7I8 @fwπW_'dEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-band1HhI1hIIU7II6 <@4oހ"JRaduga 30's C-band EIRP; hII1s~~I?JMRaduga 1-3GI?J5 :&c+" Raduga 1-31 IpJ'  Generalg ?JJG#^@") Designation22981 / 94008A[pJ2KA#R4Launch date5 Feb 1994jJKM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"2K LM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications|/KLM#j^"/ۀ0B4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-24, 49Eo" LLM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #220&LM# 8LTM' "(Technical datas5MM> LjW_'dPdSpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)1TMM1MGNOMGN6 <4ƭ\"KRaduga 1-3's EIRP: MN1'͂~2NNȄRaduga 31FGNN5 :$c+" Raduga 311 NN'  Generalg N_OG#^@") Designation23010 / 94012Ah'NOA#RNLaunch date18 Feb 1994 at 07:56 UTj_O=M#j:"N O=GN, Country of originCISo"OM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!=A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"}M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #221&# : }݁- */ۀ Locationgm#:   " BeginEndPosition4݁ p#h$8:4L: 18 Feb 1994Jul 1995Statsionar-09, 45Egj#:,.Mar 1996May 199683E j#<,.Jul 1996Aug 1996105E&@# 8x' "(Technical dataP@Ȅ3 6:W_'dSpecificationsC-band: x1~H爿Raduga 32FȄH5 :$c+" Raduga 321 y'  Generalg HG#^@") Designation23448 / 94087Ah'yHA#RNLaunch date28 Dec 1994 at 11:31 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"H!M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications9M#jr"/ۀ0H4Geostationary orbitStatsionar-20, 70E, inclinedo"!M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #231&<# 8t' "(Technical datas5<爿> LjW_'dSpecificationsC-bandEIRP coverage (dBW)1t1mU爿m6 <@4oހ"HRaduga 32's C-band EIRP: 12퉿hRaduga 33Fm퉿5 :$c+" Raduga 331 '  Generalg 퉿G#^@") Designation23794 / 96010Aa 抿A#R@Launch date19 February 1996jPM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"抿M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\PA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ao"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #240k% The upper stage (Block-DM2) failed to restart after first burn to circularize the orbit. Thus the satellite remained in GTO. Failure analysis determined that at second ignition of the Block DM, the main engine experienced an emergency commanded shutdown. The probable cause of the failure was a pressure leak in the engine start system. The leak was most likely caused by an inadequate lockwire installation on a start system tube joint nut, which allowed the nut to back off under vibration. Corrective actions include increasing the lockwire diameter and adding a second, redundant lockwire to the affected joint.5O'  End of life_A#R<"Out of service19 Feb 1996&Oԏ# 8' "(Techԏmnical dataPԏh3 6:W_'dSpecificationsC-band@1*yĿProgram: Rascom@h, (*" Program: RascomsI[ÿ* "Regional African Satellite Communications OrganisationTelecommunication project by a group of African countries. It is aimed to deliver telecommunication services throughout Africa. The cost of the project is approx. $1.2 billionThe first satellite, Rascom 1, is expected to be in orbit in 2001. It should cost $200 million and be operational for 10 years. It should enable telephone service inside Africa and with the rest of the world.Rascom hopes to install 456,000 fixed solar-powered telephone stations with international access across the continent over a 7-year period.HĿ- (CIxFor the moment the wannabe operators are leasing space to the Intelsat organizationRascom is based in Abidjan (Ivory Coast), it was established in May 1992 by over 40 African countries<[ÿĿ' *O External resources]6HĿĿ' lhttp://www.intelsat.int/cmc/via/via0294.htm#RASCOM1Ŀſ1WſfſſT+Ŀfſ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&ſſ# ?fſſ1+˃5ſƿǿProgram: RelayKſƿ5 :.!" Program: RelaygDſ}ƿ# American experimental telecommunication program operated by NASA.<ƿƿ' *O External resourcesW0}ƿǿ' `http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/relay.html1ƿAǿ1Aǿǿb(ǿǿ: DP㾩AProgram: RelayRelay 1Relay 21Aǿǿ1Uǿ>˿b˿<ǿȿ# 2Relay's specificationsVǿfȿA#R*0&Prime contractorN ȿȿA#R0PlatformYfȿ ɿA#R00"Mass at launch80 kgSȿ`ɿA#R$0 Mass in orbitL ɿɿA#R0LengthK `ɿɿA#R0WidthL ɿCʿA#R0HeightXɿʿA#R.0 StabilizationSpin?N CʿʿA#R0DC powerUʿ>˿A#R(0$Design lifetime$ʿb˿" 1>˿˿1U˿*οNοH%b˿˿# JRelay's C-band (upload at 1.7 GHz)X˿3̿A#R.0(Main transponders1Y˿̿A#R00,Backup transpondersO3̿̿A#R0Power10 Wa ̿<ͿA#R@0Bandwidth600 phone circuitsN ̿ͿA#R0CoverageN <ͿͿA#R0EIRP maxRͿ*οA#R"0Polarization$ͿNο" 8*οο1BDοοRelay 1DNοο5 : !" Relay 11 οο'  Generalg οbϿG#^@") Designation00503 / 62068A\οϿA#R6Launch date13 Dec 1962t'bϿ>M#jN"N ,Ͽ>Nο㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"ϿM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`> A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1323/7433 kmVcA#R*Inclination47.5U A#R(Period185.1 minr%c*M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #15{W$ Breaks down on 3 Jan 1963 because of an important power demand but could be mended.5*'  End of lifea ;A#R@"Out of serviceFebruary 1965&a# 8;' "(Technical dataLa0 08 BzSpecificationsC-band81ja Relay 2Da5 : !" Relay 21 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation00737 / 64003A\UA#R6Launch date21 Jan 1964t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"U8M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1960/7541 kmV8A#R*Inclination46.4UCA#R(Period194.7 minr%M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #23YCA#R0"Mass at launch86 kgN*\$ TEnabled 10 to 70 minutes transmissions5'  End of life_\A#R<"Out of service26 Sep 1965& # 8N ' "(Technical dataL 0 08 BzSpecificationsC-bandDN 1\˃5. " M Program: Resource21D " , (2" Program: Resource21+ M ( US program for a network of 4 satellites in LEO to do remote sensing. To be operational in 2000. Agriculture is the targeted business. The satellite should provide Multispectral imaging with 10 to 100 meter resolution.Company based in Denver, Colorado.7" 15Z @RessatCM 5 :xߪk" Ressat1 '  GeneralY Q G#^$") DesignationY A#R0Launch dateDec 1999m Q  M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeo" M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsT A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ +A#R InclinationL wA#RPeriod\+G#^*" &Launch vehicleTw'A#R&"Mass at launchy @+ &RH(Matra Marconi Space will be the prime contractor.Ressat will be able to operate at 7, 10, 16 and 36E for Eutelsat' @M 1'=@1W=@@@T+ @@) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=@@# 6@@1@#AFREX 26 @#A, (" REX 27@ZA# (Also called P94-21 #AA'  Generalg ZAAG#^@") Designation23814 / 96014A[AMBA#R4Launch date9 Mar 1996t'ABM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesi"MB*CG#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technologyRB|CA#R"OperatorUSAF`*CCA#R>"Perigee/Apogee803 x 332 kmT|C0DA#R&Inclination90SCDA#R$Period101 mint'0DDM#jN" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #10 (XL)!DF' The payload, sponsored by USAF Rome Lab, will study ionospheric electron density irregularities that affect radio communications. A secondary experiment will use GPS for on-orbit attitude determination and control.Built by CTA/SS (formerly DSI)<DTF' * External resources|NFF. ,http://www.cta-space.com/s27-00.htmlhttp://www.te.plk.af.mil/rexii.html@TFG1.G\GHProgram: RocsatLF\G5 :0;" Program: RocsatG1H& _Republic Of China SATellitesTaiwan's satellite program. This comprises ground equipment including dynamic testing provided by TRW. 3 satellites are planned (2 LEO, 1 GEO)<\GmH' *O External resources\1HH. ,http://www.nspo.gov.tw/english/overvw.htmlhttp://www.nspo.gov.tw/english/mission.html1mH(I1W(I|IIT+H|I) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&(II# 1|II1IJJw6IJJA Rl&H&Hꉂ&HꉂProgram: RocsatRocsat 1Rocsat 2Rocsat 39IJ1 JJRocsat 1EJJJ5 :";" Rocsat 11 JJ'  GeneralYJRKG#^$") Designation{:JKA#RtLaunch dateplanned in Apr 1998 (but could be delayed)eRK2LG#^<"N ,Country of originTaiwanz3KLG#^fOperatorNSPO (National Space Program Office)y,2L%MM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere studyTLyMA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ%MMA#R InclinationL yMNA#RPeriodjMNM#j:" &bnW"Launch vehicleAthenaQNNA#R Launch siteNO' 9Will carry science, imaging and experimental communications payloads (Ka-band)Contract worth $61 million for the satellite, $19 million for its launch<NO' *O External resourcesW0O3' `http://wO3JJww.nspo.gov.tw/english/rocsat-1.html8Ok' "(OTechnical data83' " SpecificationsYkA#R0&Prime contractorTRWN JA#RPlatformZA#R2"Mass at launch425 kgSJA#R$ Mass in orbitOFA#RDimensionQA#R Solar arraySFA#R$ StabilizationN 8A#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetime&8# 11W8^T+8) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&^# 981O]܄8Rocsat 2E^܄5 :";" Rocsat 21 '  GeneralY܄fG#^$") Designationi( υA#RPLaunch dateno date yet, before 2003ef4G#^<"N ,Country of originTaiwanUυG#^"H̀Mission^4A#R:,Geostationary orbit120E\CG#^*" &Launch vehicleYG#^$Launch sitevC8& A 12-month study contract for this Ka-band satellite was granted to TRW. Should have 10 transponders in Ka-band1i1WiT+8) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&i# 91a Rocsat 3Ea5 :";" Rocsat 31 '  GeneralYaG#^$") Designation\GA#R6Launch dateearly 2000seG#^<"N ,Country of originTaiwanUGG#^"H̀MissionTUA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQA#R InclinationL UA#RPeriod\NG#^*" &Launch vehicleYG#^$Launch sitec?N $ ~There should be 8 such satellites to study climate changes.1;1W;T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&;# @1pAProgram: RohiniLA5 :0" Program: Rohini?# 8Indian scientific program1A1S`SB T㐋 ~OaEFProgram: RohiniRohini 1A: launch failure of 10 Aug 1979Rohini 1BRohini 2Rohini 3: 1OӏRohini 1BFSӏ5 :$" Rohini 1B7# (Also callӏSed RS E21 ӏG'  Generalg G#^@") Designation11899 / 80062A\G A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1980lvM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndia_ G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^v3A#R:"Perigee/Apogee307/921 kmVA#R*Inclination44.7R3A#R"Period97 minlGM#j>" &#Launch vehicleSLV 3 #2YA#R0"Mass at launch35 kgmG1$ First Indian satellite launched by an Indian rocket. Was used to measure the performance of the launcher.5f'  End of lifeV1A#R*Decay20 May 1981$f" 91 ' ^6Rohini 2E^5 :"" Rohini 27# (Also called RS D11 ^'  Generalg -G#^@") Designation12491 / 81051A\A#R6Launch date31 May 1981l-M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndia_TG#^0"H̀MissionScientificAA#R"Perigee/Apogee188/419 km (296/834 km was the intended orbit)VT,A#R*Inclination46.2TA#R&Period90.6 minl,M#j>" &#Launch vehicleSLV 3 #3YEA#R0"Mass at launch38 kgB$ <Carried a land-mark sensor5E'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay31 May 1981$6" 9o1=oRohini 3E65 :"" Rohini 37o# (Also called RS D21 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation14002 / 83033A\A#R6Launch date17 Apr 1983lKM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndia_G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^KA#R:"Perigee/Apogee371/861 kmV^A#R*Inclination46.6TA#R&Period92.7 minl^M#j>" &#Launch vehicleSLV 3 #4[yA#R4"Mass at launch41.5 kg9$ *Carried 2 cameras5y'  End of life_FA#R<"Out of service24 Sep 1984VA#R*Decay19 Apr 1990$F" 7 1  L Rorsat @L, (*" Program: RorsatW 4 6qiㅯ\&Radar Ocean Reconnaissance SatelliteRussian program part of the Cosmos constellation. Those satellites are observation satellites using a radar powered by a nuclear engine (50 kg uranium). They are designed to monitor activity of foreign navies. They have a short lifetime (3 to 4 months).32 spacecrafts launched, 2 already decayed!AL' 4O Rorsat first generation+C$ 1965B% :(111)Cosmos 0102 (model)+C$ 1966B% :(067)Cosmos 0125 (model)+$ 1967B_% :(127)Cosmos 0198 (model)+$ 1968B_% :(023)Cosmos 0209 (model)+$ 1970B9% :(079)Cosmos 0367 (model)+d$ 1971`89( p(025)Cosmos 0402 (model)(117)Cosmos 0469 (model)+d$ 1972T/C% ^(066)Cosmos 0516 (Buk nuclear engine test)+n$ 1973T/C% ^(108)Cosmos 0626 (Buk nuclear engine test)+n$ 1974\q( (029)Cosmos 0651 (Buk nuclear engine test)(032)Cosmos 0654 (Buk nuclear engine test)+$ 1975zOq+ &(024)Cosmos 0723 (first operational)(025)Cosmos 0724(116)Cosmos 0785+A$ 1976P(( P(103)Cosmos 0860(104)Cosmos 0861+A$ 1977d5 / .j(088)Cosmos 0952(090)Cosmos 0954 (decayed)Bb' 6O Rorsat second generationhE # Those satellites separate from their fuel core once out of service+b$ 1980:/ % *(034)Cosmos 1176+Z $ 1981f;/ + &v(021)Cosmos 1249(037)Cosmos 1266(081)Cosmos 1299+Z $ 1982[ { 5 :w(043)Cosmos 1365(052)Cosmos 1372(084)Cosmos 1402 (decayed)(099)Cosmos 1412A ' 4O Rorsat third generationhE{ $ # Those satellites separate from their fuel core once out of service+ O $ 1984P($ ( P(069)Cosmos 1579(112)Cosmos 1607+O $ 1985P(  ( P(064)Cosmos 1670(075)Cosmos 1677+ E $ 1986P( ( P(024)Cosmos 1736(062)Cosmos 1771+E $ 1987p ^ . ,W!w(052)Cosmos 1860(101)Cosmos 1900 (is leaking coolant (sodium potassium) from its nuclear power source)+ $ 1988B^ + &.(w(019)Cosmos 19321 1W PvT+ P) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& v# 6P1J ;KRosat6 v, (" Rosat6# & Rntgen SATellit1 I'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20638 / 90049A[I@A#R4Launch date1@v Jun 1990n!@M#jB"N , Country of originGermany{:@AA#RtOperatorDLR (German aerospace research establishment)x+@xAM#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^AAA#R:"Perigee/Apogee538/553 kmTxA*BA#R&Inclination53TA~BA#R&Period95.6 minp#*BBM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #195~BC% iDesigned to produce an all-sky survey of some 100,000 X-ray sources, and first all-sky survey in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrum using the UK-provided Wide Field Camera.<BD' *O External resourcesW0CZD' `http://nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov/rosat/rosat.html8DD' "(OTechnical data8ZDD' " Specifications]D'EA#R8&Prime contractorDornier[DEA#R4"Mass at launch2426 kgY'EEA#R0Payload mass1555 kg`E;FA#R>Dimension2.4 x 2.1 x 4.5 m\EFA#R6Solar array4.7 x 8.9 mY;FFA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYFIGA#R0DC powerEOL: 1000 W^FGA#R:$Design lifetime1.5 years\IGHA#R6&Telemetry - DataS-band&G)H# 9HbH' $ X-ray telescope\)HHA#R6&Maximum aperture835 mmWbHIA#R,Focal length2.4 mc"HxIA#RD*On-axis resolution1.8 arcsecsXIIA#R.Wavelength0.6-1 mL(xIJ$ PIt monitors soft 0.1-2.4 keV X-rays.<IXJ' * Wield Field Camera\JJA#R6&Maximum aperture576 mmXXJ KA#R.Focal length525 mm`JlKA#R>*On-axis resolution1 arcminX KKA#R.Wavelength0.6-3 m$lKK" @K(L1? ;(LhLProgram: Ruslan@KhL, (*" Program: Ruslan,(LM&  Russian project for GEO telecommunication proposed by NPO Mashinostroyenie (NPO Mash). The 3 satellites would be launched from 2001, would weigh 2400 kg. They would relay digital TV and data throughout CIS.An additional satellite could be developped for DBS8hLM' "(OTechnical data8MN' " Specifications^MbNA#R:&Prime contractorNPO MashN NNA#RPlatformTbNOA#R&"Mass at launchXN\OA#R.Paylaod mass550 kgOOOA#RDimensionQ\O A#R Solar arrayO KYOeA#R0 Stabilization3 axisT A#R&DC power5200 W]eA#R8$Design lifetime10 years&<# 0 l'  C-bandY<ŁA#R0(Main transponders37YlA#R0,Backup transpondersUŁsA#R(Powerup to 30 WUȂA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzb!s*A#RBCoverage3 beams (7.5 x 3.5)J ȂtA#REIRPR*ƃA#R"Polarization&t# 1 ƃ'  Ku-bandYvA#R0(Main transponders24YτA#R0,Backup transpondersOvA#RPower25 WOτmA#RBandwidthSA#R$CoveragespotsJ m A#REIRPR\A#R"Polarization& # 1\1W-T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&-# 7d1dqRyusei? -2 4"  Ryuseid;d) "v Also called OREX (Orbital Re-entry Experiment vehicle)1 8'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22978 / 94007A[8A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1994lfM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan[G#^(OperatorNASDA_f G#^0"H̀MissionTechnology^~A#R:"Perigee/Apogee457/449 kmV ԊA#R*Inclination30.5T~(A#R&Period93.5 minfԊM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH2&(# 5'  End of lifed#MA#RFDecay5 Feb 1994 in the Pacific$q" 5M1Jی@S80T5 qی, (" S80T1 '  Generalg یsG#^@") Designation22078 / 92052C\ ύA#R6Launch date10 Aug 1992m s<M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceRύA#R"OperatorCNES_<G#^0"H̀MissionScientific`MA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1302/1324 kmVA#R*Inclination66.1UM A#R(Period111.9 min qn!zM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V52& # 8z' "(OTechnical data8' " Specificationsf%vA#RJ&Prime contractorClub ESIE EspaceSA#R$PlatformUoSATYv"A#R0"Mass at launch50 kgVxA#R*Payload mass7 kgb!"A#RBDimension0.7 x 0.35 x 0.35 mSx-A#R$ Stabilization`A#R>DC powerConsummation: 41 W\-A#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsW3@$ fFrequencies: uplink: 148 MHz, downlink: 137 MHz6v1 vtSAC B6 @, (" SAC BN(v& P Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas1 +'  General?N#l~") !SUDesignation24645 / 96061AFailed to separate with HETE[+A#R4Launch date4 Nov 1996p#M#jF"N ,㉕U剂Country of originArgentina_G#^0"H̀MissionScientificd#FA#RF"Perigee/Apogee550 km, circularTA#R&Inclination38TFA#R&Period95.6 minr%`M#jJ" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL #14T/% _Cooperative project between NASA and Argentinas National Commission of Space Activities (CONAE). The satellite is designed to advance the study of solar physics and astrophysics through the examination of solar flares, gamma ray bursts, diffuse X-ray cosmic background, and energetic neutral atoms. <`' *O External resources6 :Uhttp://www.conae.gov.ar/sac-prueba.htmlhttp://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/spacesci/sacb.htmhttp://www.astro.psu.edu/xray/cubic/SAC-B.html&# 8.' "(OTechnical data8f' " SpecificationsV.A#R*&Prime contractors2f/A#RdPlatformdesigned and constructed in ArgentinaZA#R2"Mass at launch181 kgS/A#R$ Mass in orbitO+A#RDimensionQ|A#R Solar arrayS+A#R$ StabilizationN |A#RDC power\yA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearst( Telemetry & data: 2255.5 MHz (realtime: 0.032 kbps, playback: 50, 100 or 200 kbps)Command: 2076.9 MHz (0.992 kbps)Primary ground operations should have been performed by the Argentine Mission Operations Control Center (MOCC) located in San Miguel (just outside of Buenos Aires) which incorporates a 3.6-meter antenna system used for tracking, telyt@emetry, telecommand and data acquisition and which is collocated and integrated with the MOCC systems.6y1JOSAC C6 t, (" SAC C1 '  GeneralYjG#^$") DesignationYA#R0Launch datemid 1999p#j3M#jF"N ,㉕U剂Country of originArgentina_G#^0"H̀MissionScientificT3A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ7A#R InclinationL A#RPeriodk7M#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2' SWill carry CCD cameras to study earth resourcesSAC A is a technological payload to be launched in July 1998 with STS 88. It might be attached to some other payload<' *O External resourcesU.O' \http://www.conae.gov.ar/sac-c/folleto.html11WT+O) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# ?9159< Program: SafirK5 :. >P" Program: Safir9_) e Satellite For Information RelayProgram of OHB System (Bremen, Germany) with 6 satellites (3 stand-alone and 3 piggybacked). The 3 satellites are planned in 1997, 1998, 1999@' 2(OStand-alone satellites1 _'  General^.A#R:"Perigee/Apogee678/696 kmVA#R*Inclination98.4R.A#R"Period98 minT* A#R&Uplinks401 MHzV A#R*Downlinks400 MHz&* # 8 ' " SpecificationsV 4 A#R*&Prime contractorN A#RPlatformY4 A#R0"Mass at launch55 kgS . A#R$ Mass in orbitQ  A#R Length45 cmP. A#RWidth45 cmQ A#R Height45 cmS s A#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC powerUs  A#R($Design lifetime& < # 1 m 1m s9< : DrpSsɀl]Program: SafirSafir R1: on Resurs O1-3Safir 28m 1X4BSafir 1@ X2 4"  Safir 11 '  GeneralYXG#^$") DesignationU7A#R(Launch date1997n!M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo"7 @M#jD"H̀㓉MissionT @ elecommunicationsTt@A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ @@A#R InclinationL t@AA#RPeriod\@mAG#^*" &Launch vehicleQAAA#R Launch sitevKmA4B+ &ꉂSafir 1 will be half financed by DARAShould be launched with Abrixas8AlB1-5,lBBFSafir 2D4BB5 : >P" Safir 21 lBB'  Generalg BHCG#^@") Designation25399 / 98043F\BCA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1998n!HCDM#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo"CDM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`DDA#R>"Perigee/Apogee815 / 818 kmVD7EA#R*Inclination98.8WDEA#R,Period101 minutesi7EEM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitEF% !The satellite data transmissions have rates of 300, 600, 1200, 2400 and 4800 Baud, over two telemetry systems (TS1 13.722 GHz, TS2 400 MHz).@EF1jF8GqIProgram: SakuraLF8G5 :0ր" Program: SakuraFG& +Means "cherry tree", also called CS (Communication Satellite)Japanese telecommunications satellite program. Ka-band transponders are used by NTT1 8G$H' O ContactGH( Telecommunication Satellite Corporation of Japan2-31-19 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, JapanTel: +81-3-3769-6811Fax: +81-3-3452-7600<$HI' *O External resourcesa:HqI' thttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/cs_e.html1II1IAJPqIAJO n\*߀J.K.u.v.Program: SakuraSakura 1Sakura 2ASakura 2BSakura 3ASakura 3B1IrJ1UrJN@N?AJJ# 8Sakura 3's specificationsDrJ6KA#R0&Prime contractorMitsubishi Electric Co. with NEC (transponders)XJKA#R.0PlatformMitsubishi[6KKA#R40"Mass at launch1099 kgYKBLA#R00 Mass in orbit550 kgUKLA#R(0Diameter2.184 mSBLLA#R$0Height2.429 mb!LLMA#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedt3LMA#Rf0DC power833 to 750 W (depending on the season)\LMNA#R60$Design lifetime7 years$M@N" 1NqN1UqN)7@NN# (Sakura 3's C-bandXqNOA#R.0(Main transponders2ZNZOA#R20,Backup transponders1UOOA#R(0Power4 W (TWTA)VZOA#R*0Bandwidth180 O@NMHzN O_A#R0CoverageTA#R&0EIRP max29 dBWR_A#R"0Polarization$)" 1Z1U Z 8)# *Sakura 3's Ka-bandYZA#R00(Main transponders10ZEA#R20,Backup transponders5WA#R,0Power4.2 W (TWTA)VEA#R*0Bandwidth100 MHzN @A#R0CoverageTA#R&0EIRP max37 dBWR@A#R"0Polarization$ " 9C18 CSakura 1E 5 :"ր" Sakura 17C# (Also called CS 1A1 '  Generalg WG#^@") Designation10516 / 77118A\A#R6Launch date15 Dec 1977lWM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^A#R:,Geostationary orbit135Es&_M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #137ZA#R2"Mass at launch350 kg&_߇# 5'  End of lifeW߇kA#R,"Out of serviceyes$" : kɈ1i ɈSakura 2AF5 :$ր" Sakura 2A7ɈF# (Also called CS 2A1 w'  Generalg FމG#^@") Designation13782 / 83006A[w9A#R4Launch date4 Feb 1983lމM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"9M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^rA#R:,Geostationary orbit132Ef؋M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2Zr2A#R2"Mass at launch350 kg&؋X# 52'  End of lifeWXA#R,"Out of serviceyes& # 8B' "(OTechnical data; }' ( Ka-band 20/30 GHzXBՍA#R.i"Phone circuits4000$}" : Ս31ـ 3yoSakura 2BFy5 :$ր" Sakura 2B73# (Also called CS 2B1 y'  Generalg HG#^@") Designation14248 / 83081A[A#R4Launch date5 Aug 1983lHM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^A#R:,Geostationary orbit136EfNM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2ZA#R2"Mass at launch350 kg&N# 5'  End of lifeWZA#R,"Out of serviceyes&# 8Z' "(OTechnical data;' ( Ka-band 20/30 GHzXKA#R.i"Phone circuits4000$o" : K1i4 Sakura 3AFo5 :$ր" Sakura 3A7&# (Also called CS 3A1 W'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation18877 / 88012A\WA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1988lM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^SA#R:,Geostationary orbit132EfM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1&S# 5'  End of life\pA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1996TA#R&Causedeorbited&p# 8"' "(Technical data]&7 >LWf*(dw#SpecificationsC-bandKa-band: "1ـ Sakura 3BF5 :$ր" Sakura 3B76# (Also called CS 3B1 g'  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation19508 / 88086A\g*A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1988lM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"*M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!gA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowfM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1&g# 2 %'  Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition$%=j#H$8:L: 16 Sep 1988Feb 1997136Ej#<,.Mar 1997Nov 1997154E&=# 5 '  End of life\|A#R6"Out of serviceNov 1997T A#R&Causedeorbited&|# 8.' "(Technical data]&7 >LWf*(dw#SpecificationsC-bandKa-band7.1- , Sampex7 , (" Sampex qN}# Also called Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer and SMEX 11 '  Generalg }G#^@") Designation22012 / 92038A[pA#R4Launch date3 Jul 1992t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+p\M#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee550/675 kmT\A#R&Inclination82R`A#R"Period96 miniM#j8" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout]`J$ To conduct studies of solar, anomalous, galactic, and magnetospheric energetic particles.<' *O External resourcesbJ. ,http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/sampex/http://lepsam.gsfc.nasa.gov/www/public_sampex.html8N' "(OTechnical data8' " SpecificationsVNA#R*&Prime contractorN *A#RPlatformZA#R2"Mass at launch157 kgW*A#R,Payload mass40 kgO*A#RDimensionQ{A#R Solar arrayS*A#R$ StabilizationS{!A#R$DC power100 W[|A#R4$Design lifetime1 yearR-!% ZDownlink: S-band, 900 kbpsUplink: 2 kbpsC| 1|  ` Program: San MarcoO` 5 :6ԭYl" Program: San MarcoK( # PItalian high atmosphere study program1` 1 ^ O nrJj77777Program: San MarcoSan Marco 1San Marco 2San Marco 3San Marco 4San Marco 5< 1 San Marco 1H 5 :(ԭYl" San Marco 11 > '  Generalg G#^@") Designation00957 / 64084A\>  A#R6Launch date15 Dec 1964l m M#j>"N ,xECountry of originItaly~1 M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^m I A#R:"Perigee/Apogee200/846 kmV A#R*Inclination37.8TI A#R&Period95.1 minm `M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #35Z A#R2"Mass at launch115 kg&`# 5'  End of lifeVkA#R*Decay13 Sep 1965$" < k1R @DSan Marco 2H@5 :(ԭYl"@ San Marco 21 P@'  Generalg @@G#^@") Designation02761 / 67038A\P@AA#R6Launch date26 Apr 1967l@AM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItaly~1AAM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^A[BA#R:"Perigee/Apogee219/741 kmUABA#R(Inclination2.9T[BCA#R&Period94.2 minm BqCM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #52ZCCA#R2"Mass at launch128 kg?qC D$ 6First equatorial launch5C?D'  End of lifeV DDA#R*Decay14 Oct 1967$?DD" < DD1 D=EISan Marco 3HD=E5 :(ԭYl" San Marco 31 DnE'  Generalg =EEG#^@") Designation05176 / 71036A\nE1FA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1971lEFM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItaly~11FGM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^FyGA#R:"Perigee/Apogee222/707 kmUGGA#R(Inclination3.2TyG"HA#R&Period93.8 minm GHM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #72Z"HHA#R2"Mass at launch161 kg&HI# 5HDI'  End of lifeVIIA#R*Decay29 Nov 1971$DII" < II1R탆 IBJNSan Marco 4HIBJ5 :(ԭYl" San Marco 41 IsJ'  Generalg BJJG#^@") Designation07154 / 74009A\sJ6KA#R6Launch date18 Feb 1974lJKM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItaly~16K LM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^K~LA#R:"Perigee/Apogee270/875 kmU LLA#R(Inclination2.9T~L'MA#R&Period96.1 minm LMM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #85Z'MMA#R2"Mass at launch164 kg&MN# 5MIN'  End of lifeUNNA#R(Decay4 May 1976$INN" < NN1 NFOSan Marco 5HNFO5 :(ԭYl" San Marco 51 NwO'  Generalg FOOG#^@") Designation19013 / 88026A\wOFA#R6OFNLaunch date25 Mar 1988lOM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItaly~1F0M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee268/625 kmS0A#R$Inclination3T5A#R&Period93.5 minn!M#jB" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #109Z5A#R2"Mass at launch235 kgE!B$ BDesigned by Rome's university5w'  End of lifeUB̃A#R(Decay6 Dec 1988$w" 5̃%1OK %ZxSara5 Z, (" SaraK(%# PSatellite Amateur de Radio Astronomie1 Zք'  Generalg =G#^@") Designation21578 / 91050E\քA#R6Launch date17 Jul 1991m =M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancex+~M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: radio astronomy^܆A#R:"Perigee/Apogee755/764 kmV~2A#R*Inclination98.4S܆A#R$Period100 minn!2M#jB" &`D+Launch vehicleAriane V44YLA#R0"Mass at launch28 kg% Must study Jupiter's radio environment by listening in the 2-15 MHz range. It is controlled and received at Nanay in France<L-' *O External resourcesX. ,http://w3.teaser.fr/~mzirnheld/sara.htmhttp://w3.teaser.fr/~mzirnheld/esieesp.htm8-' "(OTechnical data8#' " Specifications{:A#Rti&Prime contractorClub ESIEE Espace (built by students)Y#A#R0i"Mass at launch28 kgXOA#R.i Mass in orbit20 kgc"A#RDiDimension0.34 x 0.34 x 0.34 m]OA#R8i$Design lifetime11 yearsiEx$ Telemetry beacon: 145.955 MHz, 300 bps FSK, FM, 0.5 W transmitter@1lԁ Program: Sarsat@x, (*" Program: Sarsat K d 㹌לxW 㱭+ SSearch And Rescue Satellite Aided TrackedInternational cooperation program with the United States, Canada, France and since 1979 the CIS which made its Cospas system compatible.Mission: search and rescue of persons and boats in distress. The service started on 1 Sep 1982. In 1995 28 earth stations and 15 control centers in 16 countries were operational.The system uses reception beacons operating at 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz and at 406 MHz. When a distress signal is received 1544.5 MHz can be heard. Polar orbiting satellites can detect and localize beacons whereas geostationary satellites can't localize them. Thus beacons to work with geostationary birds have to include a GPS receptxor.U.f' \O Satellites carrying a Sarsat-Cospas payload  { {.Y {R򲟉S򲟉T򲟉G@cG@c.U򲟉vEo\ {.83082NOAA 08 (EOL)84123NOAA 0987022Goes 0788089NOAA 1189050Nadezhda 190017Nadezhda 291019Nadezhda 392041Insat 2A93048Insat 2B94022Goes 0894041Nadezhda 494082Luch 094089NOAA 1495025Goes 09O)f?& RFuture satellites:Nadezhda 5NOAA 15<{' *O External resourcess?. ,http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/SARSAT/homepage.htmlhttp://www.dot.gov/dotinfo/uscg/factfile/SARSAT.html@{\1K  \3Program: SatcomL5 :0?" Program: Satcom`\3+ &D"Also called RCA (former owner)American telecommunication program operated by GE Americom.1d1q d@3 ހqZ>0*-?0*-@0*-A0*q-s-t-]--Program: SatcomSatcom 1Satcom 1RSatcom 2Satcom 2RSatcom 3Satcom 3RSatcom 4Satcom C1Satcom C3Satcom C4Satcom C5 (Aurora 2)Satcom K1Satcom K21d1U Vz;# 0Satcom 1 & 2's C-bandYiA#R00(Main transponders24YA#R00,Backup transpondersK i A#R0PowerUbA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN A#R0CoverageTbA#R&0EIRP max32 dBWRVA#R"0Polarization$z" 1V1U C?z# 8Satcom K's specificationsd#NA#RF0&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceUA#R(0PlatformGE 4000[NA#R40"Mass at launch1930 kgZXA#R20 Mass in orbit1050 kgb!A#RB0Dimension1.7 x 2.13 x 1.52 mWXA#R,0Solar array19.3 mYjA#R00 Stabilization3 axisYA#R00DC powerBOL: 3000 W\jA#R60$Design lifetime10 year$C" 1t1U t,8C# *Satcom K's Ku-bandYtA#R00(Main transponders16Z_A#R20,Backup transponders4VA#R*0Power47 W (TWTA)U_ A#R(0Bandwidth54 MHzN XA#R0CoverageT A#R&0EIRP max48 dBW\XA#R60Polarizationlinear H/V$," 1]1 ]S,6 <<?"LSatcom C3 & C4's EIRP9] 1vy QSatcom 1 EQ5 :"?" Satcom 11 '  Generalg QG#^@") Designation08479 / 75117A\EA#R6Launch date13 Dec 1975t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"E(M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit80Ws&(M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #118ZRA#R2"Mass at launch465 kg&x# 5R'  End of lifeWxA#R,"Out of serviceyes&*# 8b' "(Technical data4 *) "LC-band: b1X a >BSatcom 1RF5 :$?" Satcom 1R:P# .Also called Satcom 61 '  Generalg PG#^@") Designation13984 / 83030A\DA#R6Launch date11 Apr 1983t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"D'M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&'M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #167_[A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 2 ['  Location= m#:   " BeginEndPosition j#8$(*L: 11 Apr 1983139W"= O j#D46< May 1992May 1992 >131W& u # 5O '  End of lifeWu  A#R,"Out of serviceyes& ' # 8 _ ' "(OTechnical data8' ' " Specificationsd#_ A#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceU P A#R(PlatformGE 3000[ A#R4"Mass at launch1120 kga P A#R@ Mass in orbitapprox. 600 kgR ^ A#R"Length1.63 mQ A#R Width1.32 mR^ A#R"Height0.99 m] ^A#R8Solar array14.33 m spanYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN ^A#RDC power]bA#R8$Design lifetime10 years&# 0 b'  C-bandY@A#R0(Main t@ransponders24Zw@A#R2,Backup transponders4P@@A#RPower8.5 WUw@AA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN @jAA#RCoverageTAAA#R&EIRP max36 dBW\jABA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V$A>B" 9BwB1cq4 wBBHSatcom 2E>BB5 :"?" Satcom 21 wBB'  Generalg BTCG#^@") Designation08774 / 76029A\BCA#R6Launch date26 Mar 1976t'TC$DM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"CDM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!$DDA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&DhEM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #121_DEA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&hEE# 5E"F'  End of lifeWEyFA#R,"Out of serviceyes&"FF# 2 yFF'  LocationF[Gm#:   " BeginEndPositionFGj#8$(*L: 26 Mar 1976119W{[G\Hj#"198472W&GH# 8\HH' "(Technical data4 HH) "LC-band: H(I1 @׀ (InI#Satcom 2RFHnI5 :$?" Satcom 2R:(II# .Also called Satcom 71 nII'  Generalg I@JG#^@") Designation14328 / 83094A[IJA#R4Launch date8 Sep 1983t'@JKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"J~KM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]KKA#R8,Geostationary orbit72Ws&~KNLM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #172_KLA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&NLL# 5LM'  End of life\LdMA#R6"Out of serviceMar 1995a MMA#R@CauseSent to the junk orbit&dMM# 8M#N' "(OTechnical data8M[N' " Specificationsd##NNA#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceU[NOA#R(PlatformGE 3000[NoOA#R4"Mass at launch1120 kga OOA#R@ Mass in orbitapprox. 600 kgRoO.A#R"O.HLength1.63 mQOA#R Width1.32 mR.рA#R"Height0.99 mX)A#R.Solar array14.33 mYрA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN )ЁA#RDC power\,A#R6$Design lifetime10 year&ЁR# 0 ,'  C-bandYRۂA#R0(Main transponders24Z5A#R2,Backup transponders4PۂA#RPower8.5 WU5ڃA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN (A#RCoverageTڃ|A#R&EIRP max36 dBW\(؄A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VK!|#* $B#ھTransponder frequency chart9؄\1ny| \މSatcom 3E#5 :"?" Satcom 31 \҅'  Generalg 9G#^@") Designation11635 / 79101A[҅A#R4Launch date7 Dec 1979t'9M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"wM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\ӇA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/as&wFM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #150_ӇA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&Fˈ# 5'  End of life^ˈ^A#R:"Out of service7 Dec 1979\A#R6CauseSatellite failure$^މ" : 1m 4a ^Satcom 3RFމ^5 :$?" Satcom 3R1 '  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation12967 / 81114A\RA#R6Launch date20 Nov 1981t'ƋM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"R5M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^ƋA#R:,Geostationary orbit131Ws&5M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #158_eA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 5e'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes&=# 8u' "(OTechnical data8=' " Specificationsd#uA#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceUfA#R(PlatformGE 3000[A#R4"Mass at launch1070 kga f.A#R@ .މMass in orbitapprox. 600 kgQA#R Length1.6 mQ.A#R Width1.27 mR"A#R"Height1.29 m\~A#R6Solar array11.2 m spanY"A#R0 Stabilization3 axisN ~%A#RDC power]A#R8$Design lifetime10 years&%# 0 '  C-band[3A#R4(Main transponders18+6\A#R6,Backup transponders3+1B3B#TPower(18+3) transponders of 5.5 W(6+1) transponders of 8.5 WUhA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzN A#RCoverageTh A#R&EIRP max37 dBW\fA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V$ " 9f1Z |@ .Satcom 4E5 :"?" Satcom 41 9'  Generalg G#^@") Designation13035 / 82004A\9A#R6Launch date16 Jan 1982t'pM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]p<A#R8,Geostationary orbit82Ws&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #159_<A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&4# 5i'  End of lifeW4A#R,"Out of serviceyes&i# 8' "(OTechnical data8V' " Specificationsd#A#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceUVA#R(PlatformGE 3000[jA#R4"Mass at launch1070 kga A#R@ Mass in orbitapprox. 600 kgQjA#R Length1.6 mQmA#R Width1.27 mRA#R"Height1.29 m\mA#R6Solar array11.2 m spanYtA#R0 Stabilization3 axisN A#RDC power]tA#R8$Design lifetime10 years&E# 0 u'  C-band[EA#R4(Main transponders18+6\u,A#R6,Backup transponders3+1~<B#TxPower(18+3) transponders 5.5 W(6+1) transponders 8.5 WU, A#R(Bandwidth36 MHz N ZA#RCoverageT A#R&EIRP max37 dBW\Z A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V$." : h1A  h Satcom C1F.5 :$?" Satcom C11 h'  Generalg FG#^@") Designation20945 / 90100A\A#R6Launch date20 Nov 1990t'FM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit137Wn!YM#jB" &fD+Launch vehicleAriane V40&# 8Y' "(Technical dataA) "0۠2EIRP coverage (dBW)80' " Specificationsd#A#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceU0A#R(PlatformGE 3000T=A#R&Mass dry517 kg[A#R4"Mass at launch1169 kgY=A#R0 Mass in orbit682 kgRCA#R"Length1.63 mQA#R Width1.32 mRCA#R"Height0.99 mX>A#R.Solar array14.33 mYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisY>A#R0DC powerBOL: 1390 W]M A#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsM B#TBeaconstelemetry: 3.7005 GHz (H), 4.1995 GHz (V)command: 6.4235 GHz (H)&M  # 0 2 '  C-bandY A#R0(Main transponders24Z2 A#R2,Backup transponders4W < A#R,Power8.5 W (SSPA)U A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzC<  C#V,Coverage & EIRP maxConus: 36 dBWAlaska: 34 dBWHawaii: 32 dBW\ s A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VK! * $BھTransponder frequency chart1s 1 = N = 6 <2q-"MSatcom C1's EIRP: w 1F  w GSatcom C3F= 5 :$?" Satcom C31 w '  Generalg UG#^@") Designation22117 / 92060B\ A#R6Launch date10 Sep 1992t'U%M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf% @G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit131W @= n!z@M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V53& @@# 8z@@' "(Technical dataA@A) "0A`@EIRP coverage (dBW)8@QA' " Specificationsd#AAA#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceN QABA#RPlatform[A^BA#R4"Mass at launch1370 kgYBBA#R0 Mass in orbit784 kgO^BCA#RLength1 mPBVCA#RWidth1.6 mQCCA#R Height1.5 m\VCDA#R6Solar array15.1 m spanYC\DA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTDDA#R&DC power1400 W]\D EA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&D3E# 0 EcE'  C-bandY3EEA#R0(Main transponders24YcEFA#R0,Backup transpondersOEdFA#RPower17 WUFFA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzn'dF'GG#^N,A`@Coverage & EIRP maxsee footprint\FGA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VK!'GG* $B#ھTransponder frequency chart: GH1 = HNHSatcom C4FGNH5 :$?" Satcom C41 HH'  Generalg NHHG#^@") Designation22096 / 92057A\HBIA#R6Launch date31 Aug 1992t'HIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"BI%JM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfIJG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit135Wp#%JJM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #213_JZKA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&JK# 8ZKK' "(Technical dataAKK) "0A`@EIRP coverage (dBW)8K1L' " Specificationsd#KLA#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceN 1LLA#RPlatform[L>MA#R4"Mass at launch1370 kgYLMA#R0 Mass in orbit784 kgO>MMA#RLength1 mPM6NA#RWidth1.6 mQMNA#R Height1.5 m\6NNA#R6Solar array15.1 m spanYNfk,Ήϕ ' |http://astro.estec.esa.nl/SA-general/Research/Sax/sax.html8N ' "(OTechnical data8 #' " Specificationsc" A#RD&Prime contractorAlenia SpazioN #A#RPlatform[/A#R4"Mass at launch1400 kgXA#R.Payload mass490 kgS/A#R$Diameter2.7 mQ7@A#R 7@Height3.6 ms2@A#RdSolar array9 m span (2 panels of 2.6 x 3.5 m)Y7@AA#R0 Stabilization3 axisY@\AA#R0DC powerEOL: 2300 W\AAA#R6$Design lifetime4 years&\AA# 1 AB' O PayloadZ.AiC, &]4 X-ray concentrators/spectrometers2 wide-field X-ray cameras (WFC)large area phoswich detector system (PDS)high-pressure gas-scintillation proportional counter HPCPC)command: 2 kbps, S-bandtelemetry/data: 2245.500 MHz (16/131/917 kbps)Other possible frequencies: 2067.5 MHz & 2245.24887 MHzm,BCA#RX>X-ray energy detection range0.1-300 keVx6iCNDB#Tl Field of viewWFC: 20 x 20 degothers: 0.5-1.5 degy7CDB#Tn*Angular resolutionWFC: 5 arcminothers: ~ 1 arcmin$NDD" = D(E1v' (EqEUIProgram: SBSIDqE5 :*[%d%" Program: SBSC(EH5 8   Satellite Business System, also called CNS (Communication Network Service) or USASATSatellite Business Systems was created on 15 Dec 1975 by IBM, Comsat and Aetna Life and Casualty Inc. It was the first private professional satellite digital communications network. In Jul 1984, Comsat left the consortium. In Jul 1985, Satellite Business Systems was sold to MCI; four satellites were then in orbit. Sometime around 1987, the fleet was sold off. SBS 1 and 2 were sold to Comsat, SBS 3 remained with MCI, and SBS 4 was sold to IBM's Satellite Transponder Leasing Corp (STLC) together with the SBS 5 and 6 satellites still on the ground. In Apr 1990, Hughes Communications Inc (HCI) bought STLC from IBM. Sometime later (in 1992?) SBS 3 was sold to Comsat so that currently:zqEUI' SBS 1, 2 & 3 are owned by ComsatSBS 4, 5 & 6 are owned by HCIAll SBS satellites are based on HS-376 buses but SBS 61HI1( IJBUIJV |IS=HW=HW=HW=HW=HW=HWProgram: SBSSBS 1SBS 2SBS 3SBS 4SBS 5SBS 66ITJ1X) TJJsNSBS 1B JJ5 :[%d%" SBS 11 TJJ'  Generalg J.KG#^@") Designation12065 / 80091A\JKA#R6Launch date15 Nov 1980t'.KKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"KmLM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^KLA#R:,Geostationary orbit100Ws&mL>MM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #153_LMA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&>MM# 5MM'  End of lifeWMONA#R,"Out of serviceyes$MsN" 6ONN12O* NNSBS 2B sNN5 :[%d%" SBS 21 NO'  Generalg NOG#^@") Designation12855 / 81096A\OOA#R6Launch date24 Sep 1981t'O_M#jNO_sN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"O΀M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!_0A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&΀M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #156_0A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&(# 2 Z'  Location(m#:8   " BeginEndPositionZej#.8$(*L: 24 Sep 1981!j#B846< May 1992Oct 1993 >97W)ej#R802< Jun 1994Aug 199671W, inclined&# 5ބ'  End of life\:A#R6"Out of serviceSep 1996TބA#R&CauseDeorbited&:# 8' "(OTechnical data1 '  Ku-bandYvA#R0(Main transponders10YφA#R0,Backup transpondersy7vHB#TnPower8 transponders of 20 W2 transponders of 40 WUφA#R(Bandwidth43 MHzPHA#RCoverageUSWDA#R,EIRP max43-40 dBWZA#R2Polarizationlinear H&DĈ# K$' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)4ĈT#xh ,FHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkfR#t(11.725114.025fcR#t(11.774214.074fɊR#t(11.823314.123fc/R#t(11.872414.172fɊR#t(11.921514.221f/R#t(11.970614.270faR#t(12.019714.319fnjR#t(12.068814.368fa-R#t(12.117914.417gnjR#t*12.1661014.466$-" 61z X+ 0mSBS 3B 05 :[%d%" SBS 31 a'  Generalg 0ȎG#^@") Designation13651 / 82110B\a$A#R6Launch date11 Nov 1982t'ȎM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"$M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!uA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowjM#j:" &㩜Launch vehicleSTS 05&u# : ?- */ۀ Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition?Jj#.$(*L: 11 Nov 1982!j#B46< May 1992May 1992 >95W!J`j#B46< May 19942 Jun 199574W&# 5`'  End of life^A#R:"Out of service2 Jun 1995a zA#R@Causemoved to the graveyard&# 8z' "(OTechnical data1 '  Ku-bandYbA#R0(Main transponders10Y A#R0,Backup transpondersK bA#RPowerOUA#RBandwidthN A#RCoverageTUA#R&EIRP max46 dBWRIA#R"Polarization$m" 6I1*O/, SBS 4B m5 :[%d%" SBS 41 '  Generalg }G#^@") Designation15235 / 84093B\A#R6Launch date31 Aug 1984t'}MM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!MA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowjM#j:" &'Launch vehicleSTS 16&# : - */ۀ Locationrm#:   " BeginEndPositionj#0$(*L: 31 Aug 1984?!rj#B46< May 1992Oct 1992 >91W! j#B "< Oct 199377W, inclined&0# 8 h' "(OTechnical data80' " Specifications\hA#R6&Prime contractorHughesTPA#R&PlatformHS-376[A#R4"Mass at launch1241 kgYPA#R0 Mass in orbit725 kgTXA#R&Diameter2.16 mQA#R Height6.6 mb!XA#RB StabilizationSpin smtabilizedYpA#R0DC powerBOL: 1200 W]A#R8$Design lifetime10 years&p# 1 $'  Ku-bandY}A#R0(Main transponders10Z$A#R2,Backup transponders4E}^B#TPower5 transponders of 20 W (TWTA)5 transponders of 40 W (TWTA)UA#R(Bandwidth43 MHzS^A#R$CoverageCONUSTZA#R&EIRP max46 dBWZA#R2Polarizationlinear H&Z# K$%' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)4T#xh ,FHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkf%R#t(11.725114.025fyR#t(11.780214.080fR#t(11.823314.123fyER#t(11.872414.172fR#t(11.921514.221fER#t(11.970614.270fwR#t(12.019714.319fR#t(12.068814.368fwCR#t(12.117914.417gR#t*12.1661014.466$C" 6 1y-  F LSBS 5B F 5 :[%d%" SBS 51  w '  Generalg F G#^@") Designation19484 / 88081B[w 9 A#R4Launch date8 Sep 1988t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"9  M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit123Wn! M#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V25&  # 8 N ' "(Technical dataA ) "0]MEIRP coverage (dBW)8N ' " Specifications\ # A#R6&Prime contractorHughesT w A#R&PlatformHS-376[# A#R4"Mass at launch1241 kgYw +A#R0 Mass in orbit725 kgT A#R&Diameter2.16 mQ+A#R Height6.6 mb!2A#RB StabilizationSpin stabilizedYA#R0DC powerBOL: 1200 W]2 @A#R8$Design lifetime10 years @&2@# 1 @c@'  Ku-bandY2@@A#R0(Main transponders14Yc@AA#R0,Backup transponders{@AC#VPower4 H transponders: variable 20-40 W (TWTA)6 H transponders: 20 W (TWTA)4 V transponders: variable 20-40 W (TWTA)~<AQBB#TxBandwidthH transponders: 43 MHzV transponders: 110 MHzSABA#R$CoverageCONUSTQBBA#R&EIRP max46 dBW\BTCA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VvRBC$ SBS 5 might also have coverage for Hawaii and Alaska, but this is unconfirmed.K$TCD' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)cC E# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkDEt#0 11.725114.025 E#Ft#0 11.780214.080EFt#0 11.823314.123#F;Gt#0 11.872414.172FGt#0 11.921514.221;GSHt#0 11.970614.270GHt#0 12.019714.319SHkIt#0 12.068814.368HIt#0 12.117914.417kIJt#2"12.1661014.466IKt#2.14.0481111.748JKt#2.14.1981211.898K+Lt#2.14.2941311.994KLt#2.14.4411412.141$+LL" 1L M1{. MWMJLWM6 <*=HW"OSBS 5's EIRP6 MM1}// MM&SBS 6B WMM5 :[%d%" SBS 61 MN'  Generalg MgNG#^@") Designation20872 / 90091A\NNA#R6Launch date12 Oct 1990t'gN7OM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"NOM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!7OA#RB,Geostationary orbitseeOWM belown!OM#jB" &:D+Launch vehicleAriane V39&# : - */ۀ Locationlm#:   " BeginEndPositionj#6$(*L: 12 Oct 199077W!l|j#B46< May 1992May 1992 >99W"j#D68< Oct 199315 Oct 199595W|j#*Nov 199574W&# 8' "(OTechnical data="' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Jl0 04hhHorizontalVertical8"' " Specifications\lA#R6&Prime contractorHughesTTA#R&PlatformHS-393[A#R4"Mass at launch2478 kgZT A#R2 Mass in orbit1514 kgT]A#R&Diameter3.66 mY A#R0Height10 m deployedk*]!A#RT StabilizationSpin stabilized (55 rpm)YzA#R0DC powerBOL: 2300 W]!ׇA#R8$Design lifetime10 yearsnJzE$ Telemetry: 12.190-12.200 GHz H in PCM/FM and 14.495-14.500 GHz V in FM1 ׇv'  Ku-bandYEψA#R0(Main transponders19[v*A#R4,Backup transponders11VψA#R*Power41 W (TWTA)U*ՉA#R(Bandwidth43 MHzc"8A#RDCoverageCONUS, Alaska, HawaiiTՉA#R&EIRP max50 dBW\8A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V6$ $Antenna: 2.4 mK$i' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)fb# , Z x  Horizontal UplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVertical DownlinkVertical Uplinkit#4"11.7250114.0250b~t#4014.0495211.7495 t#4"11.7740314.0740~t#4014.0985411.7985 (t#4"11.8230514.1230t#4014.1475611.8475(Pt#4PWM"11.8720714.1720t#4014.1965811.8965Plt#4"11.9210914.2210t#6 214.24551011.9455lt#6 $11.97001114.2700t#6 214.29451211.9945t#6 $12.01901314.31907t#6 214.34351412.0435t#6 $12.06801514.36807Ut#6 214.39251612.0925t#6 $12.11701714.4170Ust#6 214.44151812.1415t#6 $12.16601914.4660$s&" 1W10 WU&6 <@=HW"PSBS 6's EIRP (Vertical)1W11 4W!46 ytA#R|Causea short circuit drained all power from its batteries&# <tփ' *O External resourcesZ30' fhttp://www.belspo.be/telsat/seasat/samm_300.htm8փh' "(OTechnical data80' " Specifications^hA#R:&Prime contractorLockheedSQA#R$PlatformAgena[A#R4"Mass at launch2300 kgPQA#RLength21 m@}A#R Stabilization3 axis (momentum wheel/horizon sensing system)\نA#R6$Design lifetime2 years}% 1The second stage of the Atlas-Agena launch vehicle served as the satellite bus and provided attitude control, power, guidance, telemetry, and command functions. Attached to the Agena was a sensor module which carried the payload of five microwave instruments and their antennas. Together, the two modules were about 21 meters long with a maximum diameter of 1.5 m without appendages deployed. After burnout of the Agena stage and injection into orbit, Seasat-A weighed 2300 kg. In orbit the satellite appeared to stand on end with the sensor and communications antennas pointing toward Earth and the Agena rocket nozzle and solar panels pointing toward space. &ن# P# - *F  SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)a mA#R@Frequency1.275 GHz (L-band)T A#R&Resolution25 mWmA#R,Swath width100 kma$ Mission: deep ocean wave pattern imaggery, coastal sea/land interaction, ice and snow imageryG- *4  ALT (Radar Altimeter)V:A#R*FrequencyKu-bandSA#R$Accuracy10 cm:F% )Mission: measure satellite altitude above sea surface, significant wave height at sub-satellite point, establish characteristics of marine geoidnA- *  SASS (Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer) - Wind scatterometera FA#R@Frequency1.275 GHz (L-band)|;A#RvAccuracywindspeed +/- 2 m/s; direction better than 20H$َ$ HMission: windspeed and directionm@F- *  SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) (passive)?َƏA#R~Frequencies6.6, 18, 37, 10.7 & 21 GHz (H & V polarization)WF)A#R,Ə)KSwath width600 kmHƏB#TAccuracyocean surface temperature 2 Kocean surface windspeed 2 m/s)]%  Mission: ocean surface temperature and windspeed, water vapor, icecover, rain rate, propagation corrections for other instrumentsR%- *J  VIRR (Visible and IR Radiometer)i']B#TNWavebands0.25-0.73 m10.5-12.5 mYqA#R0 Field of view2-5 kmXA#R.Swath width1900 kmqr' Mission: image feature identification in support of other instruments, thermal images of oceanDownlink frequency: 2287.5 MHz?1Ck9 Program: SecorKr5 :.U" Program: Secor2 2w  SEquential COllation of RangeAlso called EGRS (Experimental Geodetic Research Satellite)US army geodetic satellites for triangulation (early navigation). 17 to 20 kg, box shape11': s u l^{m^{n^{o^{p^{q^{r^{s^{^{Program: SecorSecor 01BSecor 02Secor 03Secor 04Secor 05Secor 06Secor 07Secor 08Secor 09Secor 13: J18Y; JSecor 01BF5 :$U" Secor 01B9J# ,Also called EGRS 011 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation00729 / 64001C\A#R6Launch date11 Jan 1964t'a1M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^1A#R:"Perigee/Apogee902/922 kmVUA#R*Inclination69.9UA#R(Period103.3 minn!UM#jB" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena[sA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$" 9s1<  Secor 02E5 :"U" Secor 028M# *Also called EGRS 21 ~'  Generalg MG#^@") Designation01250 / 65017B\~AA#R6Launch date11 Mar 1965t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#A%M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee296/1014 kmT%A#R&Inclination90T,A#R&Period97.9 minq$M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar[,A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&# 5S'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay26 Feb 1968$S "  9E16Y7= ESecor 03E 5 :"U" Secor 038E# *Also called EGRS 31 '  Generalg ZG#^@") Designation01208 / 65016E[A#R4Launch date9 Mar 1965t'Z)M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^)A#R:"Perigee/Apogee897/926 kmVMA#R*Inclination70.1UA#R(Period103.2 minn!MM#jB" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena[kA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$" 9k1&d>   Secor 04E 5 :"U" Secor 048E# *Also called EGRS 41 v'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation01315 / 65027B[v8A#R4Launch date3 Apr 1965t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#8M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`|A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1266/1311 kmVA#R*Inclination90.2U|'A#R(Period111.4 min\G#^*" &Launch vehicle['A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$ " 9; 17? ; , Secor 05E 5 :"U" Secor 058; # *Also called EGRS 51 '  Generalg P G#^@") Designation01506 / 65063A\ A#R6Launch date10 Aug 1965t'P M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp# M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1137/2416 kmV F A#R*Inclination69.2U A#R(Period122.2 minm F  M#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #37$ , " 9 e 1d{@ e VBSecor 06E, 5 :"U" Secor 068e # *Also called EGRS 61 '  Generalg zG#^@") Designation02205 / 66051B[A#R4Launch date9 Jun 1966t'zIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy_I$@A#R<"Perig$@, ee/Apogee168/3646 kmTx@A#R&Inclination90S$@@A#R$Period125 min\x@'AG#^*" &Launch vehicle[@AA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&'AA# 5AA'  End of lifeUA2BA#R(Decay6 Jul 1967$AVB" 92BB1ցA BBBGSecor 07EVBB5 :"U" Secor 078B C# *Also called EGRS 71 B=C'  Generalg CCG#^@") Designation02411 / 66077B\=CDA#R6Launch date19 Aug 1966t'CtDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#DDM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`tDDEA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3671/3700 kmVDEA#R*Inclination89.7UDEEA#R(Period167.5 min\EKFG#^*" &Launch vehicle[EFA#R4Launch siteVandenberg&KFF# 8FG' "(OTechnical data>FBG# 6Transmits on 136.800 MHz9G{G1${B {GGKSecor 08EBGG5 :"U" Secor 088{GG# *Also called EGRS 81 G)H'  Generalg GHG#^@") Designation02520 / 66089B[)HHA#R4Launch date5 Oct 1966t'H_IM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#HIM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`_I/JA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3673/3709 kmTIJA#R&Inclination90U/JJA#R(Period167.6 min\J4KG#^*" &Launch vehicle[JKA#R4Launch siteVandenberg$4KK" 9KK1:ցC K1LFSecor 09EK1L5 :"U" Secor 098KiL# *Also called EGRS 91 1LL'  Generalg iLMG#^@") Designation02861 / 67065A\L]MA#R6Launch date29 Jun 1967t'MMM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#]MANM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`MNA#R>"Perigee/Apogee3792/3946 kmVANNA#R*Inclination90.1UNLOA#R(Period172.2 mino"NOM#jD" &扂Launch vehicleThor Burner[LO"A#R4LauO"Knch siteVandenberg$OF" 9"1D ĀFSecor 13EFĀ5 :"U" Secor 139# ,Also called EGRS 131 Ā.'  Generalg G#^@") Designation03891 / 69037B\.A#R6Launch date14 Apr 1969t'eM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp#ՂM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy`e5A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1068/1126 kmUՂA#R(Inclination100U5߃A#R(Period107.2 minp#OM#jF" &#*≂Launch vehicleThor Agena D[߃A#R4Launch siteVandenberg&OЄ# 8' "(OTechnical data>ЄF# 6Transmits on 136.800 MHz7}1(ʁ5E }Seds 17 F, (" Seds 1F#}# FSmall Expendable Deployer System1 +'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22582 / 93017Bh'+A#RNLaunch date30 Mar 1993 at 03:29 UTt'nM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesfԇG#^>"H̀MissionTether experimentRn&A#R"OperatorNASA^ԇA#R:"Perigee/Apogee184/746 kmT&؈A#R&Inclination34L $A#RPeriodp#؈M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #219e$$A#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC17AYRA#R0"Mass at launch23 kgn' The system consisted of a small 10 kg deployer cylinder 33 cm long and a tiny 23 kg satellite (`end mass') of similar size. The satellite was connected to the cylinder by a rope made of Spectra-1000 which was 0.75 mm in diameter and 20 km long. The cylinder remained attached to the Delta second stage rocket in orbit.Seds was developed and built by NASA-Marshall, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and Tether Applications of San Diego, CA. The end mass was built by NASA-Langley.5R'  End of lifeVnA#R*Decay30 Mar 1993&# <[' *O External resourcesP)' Rhttp://ixeab8.larc.nasa.gov/seds.html7[1 kF Seds 27 , (" Seds 2F#_# FSmall Expendable Deployer System1 '  Generalg _G#^@") Designation23028 / 94016Bh'_A#RNLaunch date10 Mar 1994 at 03:40 UTt'ӏM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesf_EG#^>"ӏEH̀MissionTether experimentRӏA#R"OperatorNASA`EA#R>"Perigee/Apogee347 / 352 kmVMA#R*Inclination34.9L A#RPeriodp#M M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #226d#mA#RFLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC17Y A#R0"Mass at launch23 kgm- (RIt is a package attached to the Delta second stage rocket which was to deploy a 20 km tether to compare actual tether dynamics with theoretical models. The end mass behaved as expected and unreeled in 1 h 48 min to a maximum length of 19.8 km.Unlike Seds 1 for which the tether was severed after deploy, the tether remained attached to the Delta rocket. The end mass mini-satellite transmitted for 10 hours. On 15 Mar 1995 Seds separated from the tether because of an impact and reentred.% The success of Seds 2 confirms that tether systems can be used to deploy sensors which require a particular orientation to the local vertical, such as atmospheric composition experiments.5'  End of life_\A#R<"Out of service15 Mar 1994UA#R(Decay8 May 1994&\# <' *O External resourcesb. ,http://ixeab8.larc.nasa.gov/seds.htmlhttp://von-braun.msfc.nasa.gov/Public/Ps01/movies.html71 5.G tSedsat7 , (" SedsateBv# Students for the Exploration and Development of Space Satellite1 '  GeneralYvG#^$") Designationd#dA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Jul 1997_G#^0"N ,Country of originUdG#^"H̀Mission`xA#R>"Perigee/Apogee500/ 1000 kmVA#R*Inclination28.5L xA#RPeriodkM#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2QA#R Launch site&# <8' *O External resourceszL. ,http://www.seds.org/sedsat/http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/seds/seds.html88' "(OTechnical data&# <L' * Mode A transponderLB#TUplink145.915 to 145.975 MHz (2 Meter band)Modulation: SSB, CW, FM, AM&L# D#VDownlink29.350 to 29.410 Mhz (10 Meter Band)Modulation: SSB, CW, FM, AM AFSK 300 bpsHf Packet Compatible telemetry downlink&# <(' * Mode L transponderoB#TUplink1268.250 to 1268.100 MHz (23cm band)Modulation: FSK digital data at 9.6, 19.2, 38.4 and 56 kbit/sec&( #  pB#TDownlink437.850 to 438.000 MHz (70 cm band)Modulation: FSK digital data at 9.6, 19.2, 38.4 and 56 kbit/sec t& !Data Rate: 300 bits/sec AFSK packet data 9600 bits/sec or 57,600 bits/secRF output per transponder will be 3 watts average and 15 watts max11WH T+t) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 4S1I S& SFU< 2 4"  SFU:S& ( Space Flyer Unit1 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation23521 / 95011A\A#R6Launch date17 Mar 1995la)M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^)A#R:"Perigee/Apogee467/496 kmV<A#R*Inclination28.5RA#R"Period92 minf<M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH2[6O% mSFU carried out materials processing, technology and astronomy experiments. It carried the 0.15 m liquid helium cooled IR Telescope in Space (IRTS), with near and mid infrared spectrometers; a biology experiment studying salamander eggs; an electron density experiment; materials processing furnaces; and technology experiments with solar arrays and an electric thruster. It also carried an experimental platform to test technology for the JEM Exposed Facility planned for the Space Station, and as such it is the first flight element of Japan's Station program.5'  End of life_OA#R<"Out of service20 Jan 1996fI G#^>%CauseRetrieved by STS 72H$ $ HDownlink frequency: 2263.602 MHz<I ' *O External resourcesY2 & ' dhttp://koala.astro.isas.ac.jp/irts/irts_E.html8 ^ 1.J ^ @Shinsei8 & , (" Shinsei6^ # &Means "new star"1 '  Generalg d G#^@") Designation05485 / 71080A\ A#R6Launch date28 Sep 1971ld , M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapany, M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_,  A#R<"Perigee/Apogee872/1866 kmV Z A#R*Inclination32.1U A#R(Period113.1 miniZ M#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 4SZ rA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaYA#R0"Mass at launch66 kg&r# <-' *O External resourcesY2' dhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/shinsei-e3.html8-' "(OTechnical data> @# 6Transmits on 136.695 MHz @& 7C@1q"K C@z@ESich 17 @z@, (" Sich 11 C@@'  Generalg z@AG#^@") Designation23657 / 95046Ah'@zAA#RNLaunch date31 Aug 1995 at 06:50 UTn!AAM#jB"N ,eCCountry of originUkraine}6zAeBG#^lOperatorNational Space Agency of Ukraine (NKAU)~+ABS#vV"H̀(郉뉢MissionRemote sensing (Ocean-O1)^eBACA#R:"Perigee/Apogee682/651 kmVBCA#R*Inclination82.5TACCA#R&Period98.7 minr%C]DM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #114C5E- (W3д%First Ukrainian satellite (although numerous Ukrainian-made satellite were launched before under the CIS flag)Was launched with Fasat Alfa which failed to separate8]DmE' "(Technical dataM5EE0 0:*; YjSpecificationsPayload7mEE1L E(FFSich 27 E(F, (" Sich 2W4EF# hTo be launched in 1996 by a Zenit 2 from Tyuratam1(FF1WM FG*GT+FG) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&F*G# 7GaG1"N aGGKSicral7 *GG, (" SICRAL_9aGG& r Sistema Italiana de Communicazione Riservente Allarmi1 G(H'  GeneralYGHG#^$") Designation`(HHA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999lHMIM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyq*HIG#^T"H̀Missionmilitary: telecommunicationsZMIJA#R2,Geostationary orbit?lIJM#j>" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 5YJJG#^$Launch siteJK& Should weigh 2500 kg at lift-off. Prime contractor is Alenia Spazio It will provide secure communications for Italy's Ministry of Defense and the country's civil security forces, catering for domestic needs and operations abroad.1JL1WO LrLLT+KrL) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&LL# 8rLL1xP LMSigne_3@LM2 4"  Signe 31 LAM'  Generalg MMG#^@") Designation10064 / 77049A\AMNA#R6Launch date17 Jun 1977m MqNM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrance|/NNM#j^"H̀_BMissionScientific: gamma-ray astronomy^qNKOA#R:"Perigee/Apogee449/522 kmVNOA#R*Inclination50.7TKO A#R&Period94.3 minO LlOxM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY рA#R0Launch siteTyuratamZx+A#R2"Mass at launch102 kg&рQ# 5+'  End of lifeVQ܁A#R*Decay20 Jun 1979$" G܁G1>Q G_Program: Simon BolivarF, (6" Program: Simon BolivarG& Project of the 5 Andean Pact countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) to launch telecommunication satellites. The association has also a 15-year agreement with the Intelsat system, offering them rented transponders at preferential rates.The group could first lease a satellite in orbit before launching a new model with C- and Ku-band capacity for 50 transponders. The cost would be $300 million (half of it for the equipment, its insurance and launching)_/ ,?L2The satellite has three possible lines of orbit, at 103, 106 and 109 longitude west, but the Mexican Solidaridad 1 is in orbit at 109.2 degrees west, a path which could seriously interfere with the Simon Bolivar.The Andean telecommunications companies have been dreaming of having their own satellite for nearly 20 years. The plan produced the "Condor" project in the 1980's, but severe economic crises in several regional nations brought all this to a halt.This project was revived under the name "Simon Bolivar," with the proposal adapted as a non-governmental multinational business open to different types of international participation, especially funding.11WR T+_) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # : D1)xS D~BSinosat 1: ~, (" Sinosat 1:D# .Also called Sinostar1 ~'  Generalg PG#^@") Designation25404 / 98044A\A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1998lPM#j>"N ,6"Country of originChinao"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit110.5Eu(dM#jP" &9+SLaunch vehicleLong March 3B #51Q+ $Operated by Sino Satellite Communications. The satellite is insured for $350 million (by China Space Pool). Options for 2 other satellites are available. Project financed by CASC and DASA.8d' "(OTechnical data=Qƌ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E 0 0*ٱ`[`[C-bandKu-band8ƌC' " Specifications{: A#Rt&Prime contractorEuraSpace (with Aerospatiale as lead)[CA#R4PlatformSpacebus 3000[tA#R4"Mass at launch2820 kgZΎA#R2 Mass in orbit1600 kgUt#A#R(Dry mass1160 kgOΎrA#RDimension\#ΏA#R6Solar array26.3 m spanYr3A#R0Ώ3  Stabilization3-axisq0ΏA#R`DC powerEOL: 5300 W (payload power: 3913 W)]3A#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsBC- (+'v&Has 2 deployable 1.6 and 1.8 m diameter antennas and a fixed 1 m antenna.EurasSpace had to ask Aerospatiale to handle the design because of the failure of EurasSpace's first satellite failure, Dong Fang Hong 41. Sinosat 2 should be the real second EurasSpace satellite.0 s'  C-bandp/CA#R^(Main transponders23 + 1 (crosslink 54 MHz)Zs=A#R2,Backup transponders8OA#RPower21 WU=A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzm&NG#^Lٱ`[CoverageChina down to IndonesiaVA#R*EIRP max39.5 dBWSNA#R$G/T max0 dB/K\SA#R6Polarizationlinear H/VpC#VFrequenciesuplink: 5.845-6.425 GHzdownlink: 3.625-4.200 GHztelemetry in transfer orbit: 4.193 & 4.198 GHzBSH$ <Command: 6.412 & 6.418 GHzR+' V C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)cH# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkt#. 3.7001B5.925t#.*5.9451A3.7201t#. 3.7402B5.965t#.*5.9852A3.7601Gt#. 3.7803B6.005t#.*6.0253A3.800G]t#. 3.8204B6.045t#.*6.0654A3.840]st#. 3.8605B6.085t#.*6.1055A3.880st#. 3.9006B6.125t#.*6.1456A3.920t#. 3.9407B6.165*t#.*6.1857A3.960t#. 3.9808B6.205*Lt#.L *6.2258A4.000t#. 4.0209B6.245Lbt#.*6.2659A4.040t#0"4.06010B6.285bzt#0,6.30510A4.080t#0"4.10011B6.325zt#0,6.34511A4.120!'t#B044.15112B (54 MHz)6.376t#0,6.38512A4.160&'# 1  '  Ku-bandi(sA#RP(Main transponders14 + 1 (crosslink)Z A#R2,Backup transponders4OsA#RPower97 WUqA#R(Bandwidth54 MHzq*G#^T`[CoverageChina, Hong Kong and TaiwanVq8A#R*EIRP max54.5 dBWTA#R&G/T max10 dB/K\8A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V\C#VFrequenciesuplink: 14-14.5 GHzdownlink: 12.25-12.75 GHzbeacons: 12.260 & 12.26040 GHz[7$ nincludes a pair of C- Ku- band crosslinked channelsS,5 ' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)c+ # * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplink5 t#2.14.0701A12.320+ E t#2"12.3501B14.100 t#2.14.1302A12.380E _ t#2"12.4102B14.160 t#2.14.1903A12.440_ y t#2"12.4703B14.220 t#2.14.2504A12.500y t#2"12.5304B14.280 t#2.14.3105A12.560t#2"12.5905B14.340 F@t#2F@ .14.3706A12.620@t#2"12.6506B14.400F@`At#2.14.4307A12.680@At#2"12.7107B14.460$`AB" 1ABB1T BBBUBB6 <@ԥ_"RSinosat 1's C-band EIRP1BBB1U BCV BC6 ȂV ]CCDProgram: SirioKCC5 :.aIZ" Program: SiriomE]CD( Satellite Italiano Ricerca Industriale OperativaItalian program1CFD1W FDDb(DD: DP_zcBdBProgram: SirioSirio 1Sirio 28FDD1I:X D$E"N ,xECountry of originItalyUFFG#^"H̀MissionYF2GA#R0,Geostationary orbits&FGM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #133_2GHA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveralb!GfHA#RB"Mass at launch218 kg or 398?&HH# 5fHH'  End of lifeWHIA#R,"Out of serviceyes$HkQ^gz͏tz͏tSwedish telecommunication program operated by NSAB. NSAB is owned 37.5% by Teracom, 37.5% by Rymdbolaget and 25% by Tele Danmark. Teracom is in charge of the exploitation1KL1[ L*Mw6L*MA RlڢProgram: SiriusSirius 1Sirius 2Sirius 39LcM1\ cMM:Sirius 1E*MM5 :"pT*" Sirius 11 cMM'  General[M4NG#^(SOld nameBSB 1[MNG#^(ˆtCountrySwedeno"4NNM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfNdOG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit5.2E&NO# 8dOO' "(Technical datal4O:8 @hbٹZfܢaEIRPO:*M coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-band1Ok1~] kM:6 <0"TSirius 1's EIRP9k10˃~^ 6ASirius 2E65 :"pT*" Sirius 27m# (Also called GE 1E1 6'  Generalg mG#^@") Designation25049 / 97071A\aA#R6Launch date12 Nov 1997m ΂M#j@"N ,ˆtCountry of originSweden4aOM#jh(Q^g OperatorNSAB & GE Capital Satellites-Europeo"΂M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfO$G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit4.8Eo"M#jD" &yg&\Launch vehicleAriane V102<$υ9 @Q^g D"Operated by NSAB a joint venture by Teracom Svensk Rundradio and Swedish Space Corporation, and GE Capital Satellites-Europe, a subsidiary of GE Capital Satellites International itself a subsidiary of GE AmericomBecame operational in mid-Dec 1997.< ' *O External resourcesY2υd' dhttp://www.ge.com/capital/americom/am5.htm#eur8 ' "(OTechnical data=dن' , EIRP coverage (dBW)n7G7 >n\ӯWEuropeScandinaviaNorthern and Central Europe8ن' " Specificationsb!GA#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale\=A#R6PlatformSpacebus 3000B[A#R4"Mass at launch2930 kgZ=A#R2 Mass in orbit1250 kga SA#R@Dimension1.8 x 2.3 x 2.86 m\A#R6Solar array26.3 m spanYSA#R0 Stabilization3 axisf$nB#THDC powerBOL: 6100 WEOL: 5845 W]ˊA#R8$Design lifetime15 yearsZn%A#R2Beacon11.70685 GHz Heˊ% two 1.8 m fixed antennas and one 1.4 m steerable antennaBeacons: 11.70685 GHz V & 11.74950 GHz HM&%' L Ku-band for NSAB: Scandinavia (BSS)YUA#R0(Main transponders13b!A#RB,Backup transponders20-for-16OUA#RPower52 WU[A#R(Bandwidth33 MHzt-ύG#^Z,ӯCoverage & EIRP maxScandinavia: 60 dBWZ[)A#R2Polarizationlinear VAύB#TFrequenciesUplink: 17.3 - 18.1 GHzDownlink: 11.7 - 12.5 GHz&)Ҏ# F' > Ku-band for GE: Europe (BSS)YҎqA#R0(Main transponders13b!ӏA#RB,Backup transponders20-for-16Oq.A#Rӏ.Power72 WUӏA#R(Bandwidth33 MHzo(.G#^P,\Coverage & EIRP maxEurope: 50 dBWUGA#R(G/T max4.5 dB/KZA#R2Polarizationlinear HAG$B#TFrequenciesUplink: 17.3 - 18.1 GHzDownlink: 11.7 - 12.5 GHz&J# R+$' V Ku-band for North & Central Europe (FSS)h'JA#RN(Main transponders3 (NSAB) + 3 (GE)b!fA#RB,Backup transponders20-for-16OA#RPower88 WUf A#R(Bandwidth36 MHz=G#^z,WCoverage & EIRP maxNorthern and Central Europe: 48 dBWU A#R(G/T max4.5 dB/KX;A#R.PolarizationlinearCB#TFrequenciesUplink: 14.0 - 14.25 GHzDownlink: 12.5 - 12.75 GHz&;# K$1' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)$nU#< , Z x  ʀ̀ Horizontal uplinkHorizontaldownlinkTransponderVerticaldownlinkVertical uplinkBeam(1 #P"&:<\11.72748117.32748Europe-U#Z"6:<ӯ17.34666211.74666Scandinavia( #P"&:<\11.76684312.36584Europe.#\$8<>ӯ17.500101011.90010Scandinavia)X#R$(<>\12.072721912.67272Europe.)#\$8<>ӯ17.691902012.09190Scandinavia)X#R$(<>\12.111082117.71108Europe.)#\$8<>ӯ17.730262212.13026Scandinavia)#R$(<>\12.149442317.74944Europe.c#\$8<>ӯ17.768622412.16862Scandinavia);#R$(<>\c;12.187802517.78780Europe.c #\$8<>ӯ17.806982612.20698Scandinavia);#R$(<>\12.226162717.82616Europe. #\$8<>ӯ17.845342812.24534Scandinavia)u#R$(<>\12.226162917.86452Europe.F#\$8<>ӯ17.883703012.28370Scandinavia)u#R$(<>\12.302883117.90288Europe.F#\$8<>ӯ17.922063212.32206Scandinavia)#R$(<>\12.341243317.94124Europe.#\$8<>ӯ17.960423412.36042Scandinavia)L#R$(<>\12.379603517.97960Europe. #\$8<>ӯ17.998783612.39878Scandinavia)L #R$(<>\12.417963718.01790Europe. #\$8<>ӯ18.037143812.43714Scandinavia) #R$(<>\12.456323918.05632Europe. W #\$8<>ӯ18.075504012.47550Scandinavia  #  %W # J &*,312.60416North/Central% # J &*,412.64582North/Central% I# J &*,512.68748North/Central&@# L$(,.12.6458210NorI@th/Central&I@# L$(,.12.6874811North/Central&@A# L$(,.12.7291412North/Central$@A" 1AA1W_ AGBmBT+AGB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&AmB# 1GBB1` BBZ$mBB6 FT+EF) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&E>F# @F~F1Ry ~FFGProgram: SkynetL>FF5 :0EI" Program: Skynet!~FG& English military programSkynet 5 is currently under study. It would be developed with the US (Lockheed Martin involved) and compatible with US communication systems. Would be based on the A2100 bus and would operate in the EHF, SHF and UHF bands.1FH11z HIGIs  Ȁ ȉ5 ȉ6 ȉ ȉ ȉ ȉ ȉ ȉ ȉProgram: SkynetSkynet 1ASkynet 1BSkynet 2ASkynet 2BSkynet 4ASkynet 4BSkynet 4CSkynet 4DSkynet 4ESkynet 4F1HMI1U{ MIMMI&II# LSkynet 4's (A, B, C) specificationsq0MIJA#R`&Prime contractorBritish Aerospace (now MMS)QIXJA#R PlatformECS[JJA#R4"Mass at launch1430 kgYXJ KA#R0 Mass in orbit770 kgXJdKA#R.Payload mass225 kgQ KKA#R Length2.2 mK dKLA#RWidthQKQLA#R Height2.3 mZLLA#R2Solar array16 m spanYQLMA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTLXMA#R&DC power1500 W\MMA#R6$Design lifetime7 years$XMM" 1M N1W| N]NNT+M]N) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& NN# 1]NN1U} N,Q.NO# \Skynet 4's (A, B, C) UHF-band (250-315 MHz)XN]OA#R.0(Main transponders2YOOA#R00,Backup transpondersO]OA#R0Power4ON0 WUOfA#R(0Bandwidth25 KHzTA#R&0CoverageEuropeN fA#R0EIRP max$," 1]1W~ ]ׁT+,) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&]ׁ# 11U &AׁI# <Skynet 4's (A, B, C) X-bandXA#R.0(Main transponders4YIA#R00,Backup transpondersOIA#R0Power40 W]A#R80Bandwidth60 and 135 MHzTIA#R&0CoverageGlobalN HA#R0EIRP maxRA#R"0Polarizationh'HA#RN0FrequenciesDownlink: 7.23-7.75 GHz$&" 1W1W WхT+&) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&Wх# 11U L)хN# RSkynet 4's (A, B, C) EHF-band (42 GHz)XA#R.0(Main transponders1YNA#R00,Backup transpondersK JA#R0PowerOA#R0BandwidthN JA#R0CoverageN 5A#R0EIRP maxRA#R"0Polarization$5" 1܈1W ܈0VT+0) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&܈V# 101U ׍I&VЉ# LSkynet 4's (D, E, F) specificationsY)A#R0&Prime contractorMMSQЉzA#R PlatformECS\)֊A#R6"Mass at launch1510 kg Yz/A#R0 Mass in orbit850 kgX֊A#R.Payload mass275 kgQ/؋A#R Length2.2 mK #A#RWidthQ؋tA#R Height2.3 mZ#ΌA#R2Solar array16 m spanYt'A#R0 Stabilization3 axisTΌ{A#R&DC power1200 W\'׍A#R6$Design lifetime7 years${" 1׍,1W ,T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&,# 1׎1U ׎+OQ.(# \Skynet 4's (D, E, F) UHF-band (254-318 MHz)X׎A#R.0(Main transponders2Y(ُA#R00,Backup transpondersO4A#R0ُ4Power50 WUُA#R(0Bandwidth25 KHzT4A#R&0CoverageEuropeN +A#R0EIRP max$O" 1+1U zAO# <Skynet 4's (D, E, F) X-bandXA#R.0(Main transponders4YrA#R00,Backup transpondersOA#R0Power50 W]rA#R80Bandwidth60 and 125 MHzTrA#R&0CoverageGlobalN A#R0EIRP maxRrA#R"0Polarizationh'zA#RN0FrequenciesDownlink: 7.23-7.75 GHz$" 1z1W #IT+#) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&I# 1#z1U z,L)I# RSkynet 4's (D, E, F) EHF-band (42 GHz)XzA#R.0(Main transponders1YwA#R00,Backup transpondersK A#R0PowerOwA#R0BandwidthWhA#R,0CoveragesteerableN A#R0EIRP maxRhA#R"0Polarization$," 1]1W ]T+,) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&]# : 1vZ WSkynet 1AFW5 :$EI" Skynet 1A1 '  Generalg WG#^@") Designation04250 / 69101A\KA#R6Launch date22 Nov 1969u(M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy,K9M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowr%9 M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #74_lA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralZ A#R2"Mass at launch125 kg&l# 5!'  End of lifeWxA#R,"Out of serviceyes$!" : x1  }Skynet 1BF5 :$EI" Skynet 1B1 M'  Generalg G#^@") Designation04493 / 70062A\MA#R6Launch date19 Aug 1970u(M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy, M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications \hA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ar% M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #80_h9A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&_# 59'  End of life__A#R<"Out of service19 Aug 1970f%YA#RJCauseRemained on transfert orbit$}" : Y1Z( eSkynet 2AF}5 :$EI" Skynet 2A1 .'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07096 / 74002A\.A#R6Launch date19 Jan 1974u(fM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications\f;A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/as&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #100_; A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&3# 5 h'  End of life_3A#R<"Out of service25 Jan 1974z9hAA#RrCausePlaced on a bad orbit (96 km x 3406 km x 37.6)$e" : A1ru & Skynet 2BFe5 :$EI" Skynet 2B1 '  Generalg }G#^@") Designation07547 / 74094A\A#R6Launch date23 Nov 1974u(}N M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy, M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications]N $ A#R8,Geostationary orbit42Es& M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #105_$ A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralZ P A#R2"Mass at launch235 kg& v # 5P '  End of lifeWv  A#R,"Out of serviceyes$ & " :  ` 1(~ ` )BSkynet 4AF& 5 :$EI" Skynet 4A1 ` '  Generalg > G#^@") Designation20401 / 90001A[ A#R4Launch date1 Jan 1990u(> M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy, M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#YM#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #153&# : Y- */ۀ LocationO@m#:  O@&  " BeginEndPosition@j#2"&(L: 1 Jan 19905EO@[Aj#>Feb 199534W, inclined&@A# 8[AA' "(Technical datap2A)B> Ld"Out of servicemid-Jun 1998TGaHA#R&Causedeorbited& HH# 8aHH' "(Technical datap2H/I> Ld Ld# 8v' "(Technical datap2>> Ld\!(ߓ!]uk!SpecificationsUHF-bandX-bandEHF-band1v1W kT+k) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# : kˊ1 ˊtSkynet 4FF5 :$EI" Skynet 4F1 ˊB'  GeneralYG#^$") Designation`BA#R>Launch dateplanned in 1999u(pM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications\pEA#R6,Geostationary orbit1WjM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeQEA#R Launch site̎+ $C2!Contract value: 130 million including delivery-in-orbit of the satellite, with Ariane launch and operational control and in-orbit testing before turnover.8' "(Technical datap2̎t> Ld\!(ߓ!]uk!SpecificationsUHF-bandX-bandEHF-band11W 2T+t ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register t&2# 4 f1Y, fSME42, (" SME?f# 8 Solar Mesosphere Explorer1 '  Generalg qG#^@") Designation12887 / 81100A[ A#R4Launch date6 Oct 1981t'q@M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee335/337 kmVrA#R*Inclination97.6TA#R&Period91.3 mins&r9M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #157[A#R4Launch siteVandenbergZ9A#R2"Mass at launch437 kg&# 5I'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay5 Mar 1991$I" 41$ *SMM4*, (" SMMS-}& Z Solar Maximum Mission, also called Solmax1 *'  Generalg }G#^@") Designation11703 / 80014A\qA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1980t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+q]M#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee405/408 kmV]A#R*Inclination28.5TeA#R&Period92.7 mins&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #151_e7A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[A#R4"Mass at launch2315 kg7|- ({"Studied solar eruption in the year of the most important solar activity. First use of the MultiMission Spacecraft busIts the first satellite repared in orbit by the shuttle (STS 11)5'  End of lifeU|A#R(Decay2 Dec 1989&,# <h' *O External resources[4,' hhttp://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/trmm_office/index.html= h1 IProgram: SMSII5 :*4'd%" Program: SMSe. ,  LSynchronous Meteorological SatelliteAmerican meteorological program that was followed by GOES1I 1 i\"i: DD"S.UW/UWProgram: SMSSMS 1SMS 26 1 SMS 1B i5 :4'd%" SMS 11 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation07298 / 74033A\A#R6Launch date17 May 1974t'yUM#jN"UiN ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!UA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #102_A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralZKA#R2"Mass at launch627 kg~$ First meteorological geostationary satellite. Used for the Gate experiment: covered the Atlantic and Eastern United States2 K'  Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition.j#6$(*L: 17 May 197445Ww j# 75W|.!j#$1980132W&G# 5!|'  End of lifeWGA#R,"Out of serviceyes&|# <5' *O External resourceskD' http://thunder.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/Smsgoes_Html/sms1.html651  SMS 2B 5 :4'd%" SMS 21 I'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07648 / 75011A[I A#R4Launch date6 Feb 1975t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh M#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyb!I A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows& M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #108_I  A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralZ u A#R2"Mass at launch627 kg& # 2 u '  Location W m#:   " BeginEndPosition j#6"&(L: 6 Feb 1975125W{W W j#"198075W& } # 5W '  End of lifeW} A#R,"Out of serviceyes& / # < k ' *O External resourceskD/ ' http://thunder.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/Smsgoes_Html/sms2.html5k 1} $ @HSNOE5 @, (" SNOExU # Student Nitric Oxide Explorer, also called STEDI 1 and UNEX 01; pronounced "snowy"1 @'  Generalg PG#^@") Designation25233 / 98012A\A#R6Launch date26 Feb 1998t'P,@M#jN"N ,㹌לCount,@ ry of originUnited States`@G#^2"H̀MissionScientific:^,@@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee536/580 kmV@@AA#R*Inclination97.7T@AA#R&Period95.8 minr%@ABM#jJ" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL #20[4AaC' iBuilt at the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric Research and Space Physics. It will analyse and measure the contributions of nitric oxide from the Sun and magnetoshpere to the lower atmosphere. First satellite of the Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative program.Worth $4.4 million<BC' *O External resourcesI"aCC' Dhttp://maia.colorado.edu/snoe/8CD' "(OTechnical data8CVD' " SpecificationsVDDA#R*&Prime contractorN VDDA#RPlatformZDTEA#R2"Mass at launch132 kgSDEA#R$ Mass in orbitYTEFA#R0Dimension99 x 91 cmQEQFA#R Solar arraySFFA#R$ Stabilization^QFGA#R:DC power35 W consumptionUFWGA#R($Design lifetime@GH( 1It carries 3 instruments: an ultraviolet spectrometer to measure nitric oxide altitude profiles, a two-channel auroral photometer to measure auroral emissions beneath the spacecraft, and a five-channel solar soft X-ray photometer.downlink: 2272.9 MHzdownlink rate: 128 kbps8WGH16 HI~MSolar A@HI2 4"  Solar A8HGI# *Also called Yohkoh1 IxI'  Generalg GIIG#^@") Designation21694 / 91062A\xI;JA#R6Launch date30 Aug 1991lIJM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanU;JJG#^"H̀Mission^JZKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee516/754 kmVJKA#R*Inclination31.3TZKLA#R&Period97.4 minkKoLM#j<" & Launch vehicleMu 3S 2ZLLA#R2Launch siteKagoshima&oLL# <L+M' *O External resourcesS,L~M' Xhttp://bang.lanl.gov/solarsys/yohkoh.htmE+MM1XƂ MN;OProgram: SolidaridadQ~MN5 ::mF" Program: Solidaridad'M;O: B'e`tz6w Mexican telecommunication program operated by Telecomm. Replaces MorelosThe Movisat network is composed of a band L transponder and a Ku band transponder in each Solidaridad satellite.This program is now controlled by Satmex1NlO1 lO t:;O : DtwL2L2Program: SolidaridadSolidaridad 1Solidaridad 2lO ;O1lO=1U =уB # >Solidaridad's specifications\=ۀA#R60&Prime contractorHughesT/A#R&0PlatformHS-601[ۀA#R40"Mass at launch2740 kgZ/A#R20 Mass in orbit1650 kgc"GA#RD0Dimension2.27 x 2.27 x 2.27 m\A#R60Solar array18.3 m spanYGA#R00 Stabilization3 axisTPA#R&0DC power3300 W]A#R80$Design lifetime14 years$Pу" 11W V|T+уV) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&|# 1V1U 5Y:|# .Solidaridad's L-bandX?A#R.0(Main transponders1YA#R00,Backup transpondersP?A#R0Power100 WU=A#R(0Bandwidth34 MHzN A#R0CoverageT=߆A#R&0EIRP max45 dBWV5A#R*0PolarizationRHCP$߆Y" 151W އT+Yއ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 1އ51U 5Pt:o# .Solidaridad's C-bandY5ȈA#R00(Main transponders18Yo!A#R00,Backup transpondersg%ȈB#TJ0Power10 W (36 MHz)14 W (72 MHz)L!B#T0Bandwidth12 transponders of 36 MHz6 transponders of 72 MHz (on spot 1)JC#V0,Coverage & EIRP maxSpot 1: 40.5 dBWSpot 2: 37.5 dBWSpot 3: 37.5 dBWUA#R(0G/T max2.9 dB/KXPA#R.0Polarizationlinear$t" 1P1W T+t) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 1P1U PŽ;# 0Solidaridad's Ku-bandYPA#R00(Main transponders16X<A#R.0Power42.5 W (TWTA)UA#R(0Bandwidth54 MHzF<C#V0,Coverage & EIRP maxSpot 4: 47 dBWSpot 5: 46 dBWSpot 6: 45.5 dBWPjA#R0G/T max3.7XŽA#R.0Polarizationlinear$j" 1Ž1W kT+k) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# > kϏ1$7 Ϗ%Solidaridad 1J%5 :,mF"Ϗ% Solidaridad 11 ϏV'  Generalg %G#^@") Designation22911 / 93073A\VA#R6Launch date20 Nov 1993m M#j@"N ,Country of originMexicoo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsh!]G#^B"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit109.2Wn!M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V61&]# 8)' "(Technical datam/> L^ql'2SpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band=)' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E0 0*⽱*<2.C-bandKu-band> V1!V VSolidaridad 2J5 :,mF" Solidaridad 21 V'  Generalg 8G#^@") Designation23313 / 94065A[A#R4Launch date8 Oct 1994m 8M#j@"N ,Country of originMexicoo"oM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit113Wn!oCM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V68&i# 8C' "(Technical datam/i> L^ql'2SpecificationsL-bandC-bandKu-band=K' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E0 0*⽱*<2.C-bandKu-band1K1 W!6 IA#R4Launch date5 Mar 1968t'HIM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States2>I1JM#jd"H̀jMissionScientific: observation if the sun^IJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee353/433 kmV1JJA#R*Inclination59.3TJ9KA#R&Period92.4 minm JKM#j@" &g'KLaunch vehicleScout #60&9KK# 5KL'  End of lifeVKWLA#R*Decay16 Nov 1990$L{L" : WLL1H LLxSolrad 10J{LL8 @&J\" Solrad 10=L120Wj#0Feb 1995115.5E&A# 8!' "(Technical dataiF \+uEy]|UӇNC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartS,!#' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)9c#r . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkg#&R#t*11.7401914.040gR#t*11.8202014.120g&R#t*11.9002114.200g[R#t*11.9802214.280gR#t*12.0602314.360g[)R#t*12.1402414.440$M" 1)~1 ~OM6 <4ZIz"[Spacenet 1's EIRP; ~1g 7b OjASpacenet 2GO5 :&o" Spacenet 2<# 2Also called Satcom SN21 O'  Generalg #G#^@") Designation15385 / 84114A\A#R6Launch date10 Nov 1984t'#M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"b M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb! A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!b 2 M#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V11G# y $ FWent inclined after 30 Apr 1997: 2 - */ۀ Locationy = m#:   " BeginEndPosition# j#F$8:L: 10 Nov 1984Jul 199769W = T j#@,.Sep 1997May 1998115.5E j#, drifting West&T # 8 2 ' "(Technical datai F \ὸEy]|UӇNC-band EIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartS,2 4' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)9 c#r . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkg47R#t*11.7401914.040gR#t*11.8202014.120g7@R#t*11.9002114.@200gx@R#t*11.9802214.280g@@R#t*12.0602314.360gx@FAR#t*12.1402414.440$@jA" 1FAA1 AAV jAA6 LEy]|USpecificationsC-bandKu-band< CkD1 b kDDrOSpacenet 3RH/DD5 :(o" Spacenet 3R1 kDD'  Generalg DKEG#^@") Designation18951 / 88018A\DEA#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988t'KEFM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"EFM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!FFA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!FZGM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V21&FG# : ZGG- */ۀ LocationGDHm#:   " BeginEndPosition#GHj#F$8:L: 11 Mar 1988Sep 199787WDHPIj#*Oct 199783W&HvI# 8PII' "(OTechnical data=vII' , EIRP coverage (dBW)TIKW |7686rr~Ey]|UӇNC-band, 36 MHz transpondersC-band, 72 MHz transpondersKu-band, East and West spotsSpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band transponder frequency chartCarries one L-band transponder previously used by Qualcomm Inc. for a localization service. Now and since 1993 Mobile Datacom Corporation has been leasing the transponder.S,IK' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)9KLc#r . L HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalUplinkgKLR#t*11.7401914.040gLSMR#t*11.8202014.120gLMR#t*11.9002114.200gSM!NR#t*11.9802214.280!MNo#B*,12.0602314.360West spot"!NNO{#ƀD,.12.1402414.440East spot$NrO" 1NOO1 O ^(rO 6 1 >^( 6 ̀1 ̀%X"%6 Up to 4 satellites per slot<' *O External resourcesBT' 6http://www.spaceway.com8 ' "(OTechnical data8B' " Specifications\ A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTBA#R&PlatformHS-702TFA#R&"Mass at launchSA#R$ Mass in orbitOFA#RDimensionQ9A#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN 9A#RDC power]7A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&]# 1 7'  Ka-bandY]A#R0(Main transponders68Y@A#R0,Backup transpondersK A#RPowerK@B#TBandwidth64 x 125 MHz (user terminals)4 x 250 MHz (gateway terminals)k*A#RTCoveragemultiple steerable spot beamsTA#R&EIRP max56 dBW\3A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VNB#TFrequenciesUplink: 28.35-28.60 and 29.25-30.0 GHzDownlink: 19.7-20.2 GHzL%3' KWith 48 spots (of 650 km diameter)A Time Division Multiplexed (TDM)/Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) scheme is to be used on the user terminal uplinks. On user terminal downlinks, a 130 Mbps TDM signal will be transmitted in each beam from each satellite. Inter-satellite link1@1W @T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&@# A 1 YProgram: Spartan MY5 :26lV" Program: Spartan u, &zAmerican scientific program. The satellites are reused to carry experiments in space with the Shuttle. 3-axis spacecrafts.Spartan 203 was destroyed on STS 33, Spartan 202 (UV Stellar Astronomy) and 205 (Plasma Physics) were cancelled<Y' *O External resourcesI"u' Dhttp://SPARTANS.GSFC.NASA.GOV/1+1$ +e DQ/̸~XDYDZD[DkӸ~mӸ~nӸ~Program: SpartanSpartan 101Spartan 201-1Spartan 201-2Spartan 201-3Spartan 201-4Spartan 204Spartan 206Spartan 207< +Z1D ZLSpartan 101H5 :(6lV" Spartan 1011 Z'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation15831 / 85048E\A#R6Launch date20 Jun 1985t': M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+M#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee359/395 kmV6A#R*Inclination28.5TA#R&Period92.1 minj6M#j:" &QLaunch vehicleSTS 25F":$ DHigh Energy Astrophysics (NRL)5o'  End of lifec":A#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleVo(A#R*Decay24 Jun 1985$L" > (1- 6Spartan 201-1JL5 :,6lV" Spartan 201-11  '  Generalg l G#^@") Designation22623 / 93023Bh' A#RNLaunch date11 Apr 1993 at 06:11 UTt'l H M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States; S#vv"H̀(߲-jMissionScientific: high atmosphere and Sun study^H 4 A#R:"Perigee/Apogee291/298 kmT A#R&Inclination57T4 A#R&Period90.4 minj F M#j:" &ӛLaunch vehicleSTS 56[ A#R4"Mass at launch1290 kg_F $ $ It carried an ultraviolet coronagraph and a white light coronagraph for studies of the Sun.5 Y '  End of lifec"$ A#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleVY A#R*Decay13 Apr 1993$ 6" > t1D7 tCSpartan 201-2J65 :,6lV" Spartan 201-21 t'  Generalg VG#^@") Designation23253 / 94059B[A#R4Launch date9 Sep 1994t'V1@M#jN"N ,㹌ל1@6Country of originUnited Statesr%@M#jJ"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun study^1@AA#R:"Perigee/Apogee259/269 kmV@WAA#R*Inclination56.9TAAA#R&Period89.5 minjWABM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 64iAB$ It carried optical instruments to measure the speed and acceleration of the solar wind in the corona.5BB'  End of lifec"B:CA#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleVBCA#R*Decay20 Sep 1994$:CC" < CC1-Ճ C8D JSpartan 204HC8D5 :(6lV" Spartan 2041 CiD'  Generalg 8DDG#^@") Designation23470 / 95004Bg&iD7EA#RLLaunch date7 Feb 1995 at 12:26 UTt'DEM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesu(7E FM#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV astronomy^E~FA#R:"Perigee/Apogee310/342 kmV FFA#R*Inclination51.6R~F&GA#R"Period91 minjFGM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 63jE&GH% The spacecraft carried NRL's FUVIS Far Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph which will be used to study the Shuttle environment and make astronomical observations. This is the first Spartan mission to be sponsored by the USAF Space Test Program rather than NASA. It made about 40 hours of observation of Galactic dust clouds.5G/I'  End of lifec"HIA#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleU/IIA#R(Decay9 Feb 1995$I J" > IIJ17I IJJSpartan 201-3J JJ5 :,6lV" Spartan 201-31 IJJ'  Generalg J+KG#^@") Designation23668 / 95048Bg&JKA#RLLaunch date8 Sep 1995 at 16.43 UTt'+KLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr%KxLM#jJ"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun studyTLLA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQxLMA#R InclinationL LiMA#RPeriodjMMM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 69giM:NJ#d:$Mass at launch2209 kgc<M' yCarried the IEH-1 (International EUV Hitchhiker) built by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. This includes a solar EUV telescope (SEH), and an Italian-US EUV telescope, UVSTAR, which will observe a variety of astronomical targets in the 500-1250A range. Prime target for this mission is Io plasma torus around Jupiter. Comet 6P/D'Arrest, currently near perihelion, may also be observed. UVSTAR has two 0.3:N J m telescopes. The spacecraft also carried the GLO-3 airglow experiment in a canister and the CONCAP materials processing experiment in another canister.5:Nހ'  End of lifec"AA#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleXހA#R.Reentry18 Sep 1995$A" < 1Ճ A!Spartan 206HA5 :(6lV" Spartan 206jG# Also called OAST (Office of Aeronautical and Space Technology) Flyer1 A܂'  Generalg CG#^@") Designation23763 / 96001B\܂A#R6Launch date11 Jan 1996t'CM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr%M#jJ"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee302/311 kmV9A#R*Inclination28.5L A#RPeriodj9M#j:" &%Launch vehicleSTS 72 % Carried an experiment to measure contamination caused by spacecraft outgassing, and a test of a laser-fired explosive separation device to make sure the device doesn't go off accidentally in sunlight. It also carried an amateur radio experiment.5B'  End of lifec" A#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleXBA#R.Reentry20 Sep 1994$!" < ]1Ix ])Spartan 207H!5 :(6lV" Spartan 2071 ]ֈ'  Generalg =G#^@") Designation23871 / 96032B\ֈA#R6Launch date19 May 1996t'= M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr+G#^V"H̀MissionInflatable Antenna Experiment^ ݊A#R:"Perigee/Apogee280/290 kmT1A#R&Inclination39T݊A#R&Period90.1 minj1M#j:" &*Launch vehicleSTS 77Ύ% uThe IAE is an inflatable antenna 14 meters in diameter which is mounted on three 28m struts. The struts are attached to the Spartan spacecraft, which were deployed and then recovered by the Shuttle. Once in low-Earth orbit, the Spartan became a platform for the antenna which, once inflated in space, was roughly the size of a tennis court. An optical system surveyed the antenna and measured the accuracy of the surface at a variety of internal pressures and thermal conditions. The antenna was developed by L'Garde Inc., of Tustin, CA, a small aerospace business, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of Pasadena, CA, under NASA's In-Space Technology Experiments Program., or IN-STEP.ml% The IAE experiment is meant to lay the groundwork for future technology development in inflatable space structures, which will be launched and then inflated like a balloon on-orbit. SP207/IAE will validate the deployment (inflation) and performance of a large inflatΎl!able antenna during a ninety-minute mission before jettisoning the antenna structure and recovering the Spartan spacecraft at mission end. The inflation process will be captured by the crew on the nearby Shuttle, using a variety of still cameras, a motion picture camera, and video cameras. The on-orbit performance of the antenna (surface accuracy) will be determined by illuminating the antenna surface with light panels mounted on the Spartan and capturing the resulting patterns on video recorders onboard the Spartan. These will be analyzed after the Spartan is returned to Earth by the Space Shuttle.Ύa+ $YDIAE was ejected from Spartan once the experiment has completed (just the Spartan carrier with the experiment recorders was returned to the cargo bay). This is the same carrier as for Spartan 201-25l'  End of life\aA#R6"Out of serviceMay 1996ExA#RCauseRetrieved by NASA (IAE burned up into atmosphere on 22 May)&# <x' *O External resourcesO()' Phttp://sspp.gsfc.nasa.gov/sp207.html> g1j gSpartan 201-4J)5 :,6lV" Spartan 201-41 g'  Generalg IG#^@") Designation25062 / 97073B\A#R6Launch date21 Nov 1997t'IM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States{4G#^h"H̀MissionSOHO Calibration & Spartan DevelopmentZA#R2"Perigee/Apogee296 kmVDA#R*Inclination28.5L A#RPeriodjDM#j:" &ULaunch vehicleSTS 87XRD#X($Mass at launchL' Mission duration planned: 16 days In fact the initial deployment failed (pre release activation was not done). The satellite could not be later released by lack of propellant on Columbia.Worth $10 million5R'  End of life_LA#R<"Out of service21 Nov 1997[;A#R4CauseRetrieved by STS&a# <;' *O External resourcesM&a' Lhttp://SPARTANS.GSFC.NASA.GOV/201/> (1K (v)Program: SpasNv8 @.ℨG" Program: Spas()& Shuttle PAllet SatelliteReusable free-flying multi-purpose platform on which experiments can be carried into space by the space shuttle.1vZ1 Zo.)A R\~b竀c竉d竉Program: SpasSpas 1Spas 2Spas 31Z1U C=) "4~Spas's specificationsYA#R0&Prime contractorMBBY=A#R0 Stabilization3 axis^MA#R:(Total system mass3600 kgYA#R0Payload mass2000 kg`MA#R>0Length in payload bay1.7 mb!tA#RB&Mission lifetime4 to 10 daysc"A#RD(Electrical energyup to 70 kWh$t" 1,1U ,I u) "@~Astro Spas's specificationsY,A#R0&Prime contractorMBBc"u1A#RD(Total system mass3200-3600 kg]A#R8Payload mass500-2000 kga 1A#R@0Length in payload bay4.05 m`OA#R>.Width (basic system)1.75 m_A#R<.Width (with payload)2-3 mROA#R"Height4.05 mYYA#R0 Stabilization3 axisb!A#RB&Mission lifetime4 to 10 days=Y:B#Tz(Electrical energy110 kWh (batteries)30-50 kWh (payload)^C#V2Frequency (to Shuttle)S-band: 2.04885/2.2250 GHzto Shuttle: 16 kbpsFrom Shuttle: 2 kbps$:" 761^ 6}^ Spas 1G}8 @ ℨG" Spas 11 6'  Generalg }G#^@") Designation14142 / 83059F\qA#R6Launch date18 Jun 1983n!M#jB"N , Country of originGermany_q>G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee295/300 kmV>A#R*Inclination28.5TF A#R&Period90.5 minj M#j:" &㫜Launch vehicleSTS 07&F # 5 '  End of lifec" n A#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleV A#R*Decay24 Jun 1983&n # 8 " ' "(Technical data< ^ ) "&婦Specifications7" 1c; ASpas 2G^ 8 @ ℨG" Spas 26  # &Also called IBSS1 C '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation21244 / 91031B\C  A#R6Launch date28 Apr 1991t' z M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_ G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^z 7A#R:"Perigee/Apogee245/255 kmT A#R&Inclination57T7A#R&Period89.5 minjIM#j:" &〛Launch vehicleSTS 39&o# 5I'  End of lifec"o@A#RDCauseRetrieved by the Sh@^ uttleUh@A#R(Decay6 May 1991&@@# 8h@@' "(Technical data<@A) "&婦Specifications7@9A1>^` 9AAHSpas 3GAA8 @ ℨG" Spas 3sP9AA# Also called Orfeus (Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme UV Spectrometer)1 A$B'  Generalg ABG#^@") Designation22798 / 93058C\$BBA#R6Launch date12 Sep 1993n!BUCM#jB"N , Country of originGermanyj#BCG#^F"H̀MissionScientific: AstronomyRUCDA#R"OperatorDARA^CoDA#R:"Perigee/Apogee301/331 kmVDDA#R*Inclination28.5ToDEA#R&Period90.9 minjDEM#j:" &ΛLaunch vehicleSTS 51]EG% The main instrument is the 1-meter Orfeus telescope with EUV (400-1150A) and far UV (900-1250A) spectrometers with high spectral resolution. A secondary experiment is the Princeton Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph which studied very fine structure in ultraviolet absorption lines caused by interstellar gas in stellar spectra.5E:G'  End of lifec"GGA#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleV:GGA#R*Decay22 Sep 1993&GH# 8GQH' "(Technical data<HH) "&aSpecifications7QHH1; H INSpas 4GH I8 @ ℨG" Spas 48HCI# *Also called Crista1 ItI'  Generalg CIIG#^@") Designation23341 / 94073B[tI6JA#R4Launch date4 Nov 1994n!IJM#jB"N , Country of originGermany_6JKG#^0"H̀MissionScientific^JaKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee296/310 kmTKKA#R&Inclination57TaK LA#R&Period90.6 minjKsLM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 66[ LLA#R4"Mass at launch3500 kgcsLUM$ It carried spectraphotometers to monitor gases in the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere.5LM'  End of lifec"UMMA#RDCauseRetrieved by the ShuttleVMCNA#R*Decay12 Nov 1994&MiN# 8CNN' "(Technical data<iNN) "&aSpecifications> NO1ji; OeOMProgram: SpotJNeO5 :,ߪG" Program: Spot(O1 0 Satellite Pour l'Observation de la TerreFrench remote sensing program decided in 1978 by the French goeONvernment after a refusal of the ESA. Belgium and Sweden participated. Data is commercialized by a private company: Spot Image. Applications include geological, petroleum and mining research, cartography, agricultural forcasting and survey of natural disasters.Geological mission: detection of geochemical and structural anomalies through stereo imagery useful for oil and mineral explorationeOy7 Spot 3C>5 :ߪG" Spot 31 o'  Generalg >G#^@") Designation22823 / 93061A\o2A#R6Launch date26 Sep 1993m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancek2 M#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^hA#R:"Perigee/Apogee821/823 kmV A#R*Inclination98.7UhA#R(Period101.3 minn!M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V59p3 4y㨇㥇Cost: $250 million ($125 million for launch)On 14 November 1996 the satellite stopped operating. Decision was taken to launch Spot 4 as soon as possible and to reactivate Spot 1.5'  End of life_pA#R<"Out of service14 Nov 1996NA#RCausefailure: attitude control was lost, after several gyroscope problemsK A#RDecay&# 8<' "(Technical datae32 4f!Bzs≂SpecificationsPayloadCCD with 6000 points7<1DY DASpot 4C5 :ߪG" Spot 41 L'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25260 / 98017A\LA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1998m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancekM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingZMA#R2"Perigee/Apogee832 kmVA#R*Inclination98.7SMA#R$Period101 ming ]G#^@"Orbital cycle3.7, 26 dayso"M#jD" &~g&\Launch vehicleAriane V107l]\$ The total cost of the satellite over 6 years (contruction, launch, exploitation) is approx. $500 million<' *O External resourcesqC\ . ,http://spot4.cnes.fr/http://www-vegetation.cst.cnes.fr:8050/8A' "(OTechnical data8 y' " Specificationsi(AA#RP0&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[y=A#R40PlatformSpot (Mark 2)[A#R40"Mass at launch2755 kgU=A#R(0Dry mass2600 kgYFA#R00Payload mass1390 kg]A#R80Dimension2 x 2 x 5.35 mXFA#R.0Solar array4 x 8 mYTA#R00 Stabilization3 axisYA#R00DC powerEOL: 2200 W\T A#R60$Design lifetime5 years|( Telemetry: 1704 MHzTelemetry: 2218 MHz (4096 kbps)Telemetry: 8253 MHzCommand: 2042.408 MHz (2 kbps)Command: 5690 MHz`3  - *f  2 HRVIR (High Resolution Visible IR) detectorsb D#X0Wavebands0.50-0.59 m (green)0.61-0.68 m (red)0.79-0.89 m (near IR)1.53-1.75 m (mid-IR)a  A#R@0Swath width60 km (each HRV)w5 B#Tj0ResolutionMonospectral: 10 mMultispectral: 20 m& #  * "h휭CCD with 6000 points. Has the same on-board recorder as Helios 1A provided by Enertec (2 x 120 Gbits). HRVs are steerable to either side of the ground track (+/- 27) to provide re-visits and stereoscopic images4 '  Vegetationa D#X0Wavebands0.43-0.47 m (blue)0.61-0.68 m (red)0.78-0.89 m (near IR)1.58-1.75 m (mid-IR)X A#R.0Swath width2000 km^ B A#R:0Resolution1.15 to 1.7 km; }3 4 ^"wVegetation monitoring Instrument. Onboard storage: 2.25 GbitThe PASTEL system (PAssager Spot de TElcommunication Laser) use the SILEX (Semiconductor Intersatellite Link Experiment) payload to downlink via Artemis at 50 mpbs. The link is operated at optical frequencies at a wavelength of 800 to 860 nanometers. The light source is a solid state laser diode operated typically at 60 mW optical power. The applied modulation scheme is direct intensity modulation. A photo diode is used as optical data detector.B DA% -The difficulty involves aligning and stabilizing two terminals which are on average 38 500 k}DAm away from each other, with a pointing error of less than 2 micro-radians. In other words, the beam from PASTEL (which at that distance, would have a diameter of 200 m) would have to be kept centred on OPALE with a tolerance of +/- 38m. This is equivalent to to hitting an orange with a rifle shot from 51 km!7}{A1م8 {AA9JSpot 5CDAA5 :ߪG" Spot 51 {AA'  GeneralYAHBG#^$") Designationd#ABA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Sep 2001m HBCM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancekBCM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingTCCA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQC)DA#R InclinationL CuDA#RPeriodl)DDM#j>" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 5QuD2EA#R Launch siterNDE$ The satellite and launch and associated expenses should total $400 million82EE' "(OTechnical data8EF' " SpecificationsYEmFA#R0&Prime contractorMMSUFFA#R(PlatformMark 2+\mFGA#R6"Mass at launch~3000 kgSFqGA#R$ Mass in orbitOGGA#RDimensionQqGHA#R Solar arraySGdHA#R$ StabilizationTHHA#R&DC power2800 WUdH IA#R($Design lifetime,H9J+ $hWill have CCDs at 12000 points providing a 5 m resolution on 60 km swath width. Will have the same onboard recorders as Helios 2 Will provide 10 m resolution in multispectral mode and 20 m in infrared mode. Should also carry the vegetation instrument.1 IjJ1W jJJJT+9JJ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&jJJ# 7JK1f K^KOSpot 6CJ^K5 :ߪG" Spot 64KK# "Also called 3S1 ^KK'  GeneralYKLG#^$") Designation`K|LA#R>Launch dateplanned in 2004m LLM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceU|L>MG#^"H̀MissionTLMA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ>MMA#R InclinationL M/NA#RPeriod\MNG#^*" &Launch vehicleQ/NNA#R Launch siteNO% %Will have a 2.5 m resolution and 60 to 100 km view span. Based on a Proteus platform, this is a much smaller satellite than the other Spots. 1NO1W O$JT+O$) "VȠ$To view this page O$Oyou need to register&OJ# > $1i;c ҀOProgram: SretJJҀ5 :,⣷G" Program: Sret}UO( Satellite de Recherche et d'Etudes TechnologiquesFrench experimentation program1Ҁ1 ߁_%O߁: DJITJTProgram: SretSret 1Sret 271  Y@Sret 1C߁Y5 :⣷G" Sret 11 '  Generalg YG#^@") Designation05928 / 72025B[LA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1972m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo(L(G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee480/39248 kmV(ބA#R*Inclination65.6S1A#R$Period735 min\ބG#^*" &Launch vehicleY1A#R0Launch sitePlesetskY?A#R0"Mass at launch15 kgR.$ \Technological satellite to test solar cell5?Ɔ'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay26 Feb 1974$Ɔ@" 7w1l wSret 2C@5 :⣷G" Sret 21 w'  Generalg RG#^@") Designation07910 / 75049B[A#R4Launch date6 Jun 1975m RM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo(G#^P"H̀MissionTechnology experimentation`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee513/40825 kmV?A#R*Inclination62.8UA#R(Period737.8 min\?G#^*" &Launch vehicleYIA#R0Launch sitePlesetskYA#R0"Mass at launch30 kgS/I$ ^Tested a passive cryogenic radiative system?41Є 4Program: SrossK5 :. e" Program: Srossd<4( x Streach ROhini Sat ServicesIndian experimental program11 =H `z㑲ㅊDㆊD㇊D_GProgram: SrossSross 1Sross 2Sross 3Sross C28э1F эtSross 1D5 : e" Sross 11 эF'  General\A#R6Launch date24 Mar 1987lFM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndia_mG#^0"H̀MissionScientifick؏M#j<" &#Launch vehicleASLV #1[mc$ Ca؏crried a measurement payload for the launch vehicle and a Gamma-ray astronomy payload.5؏'  End of life_cA#R<"Out of service24 Mar 1987YPA#R0Causelaunch failure$t" 8P1l >Sross 2Dt5 : e" Sross 21 !'  General\}A#R6Launch date12 Jul 1988l!M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndia_}HG#^0"H̀MissionScientifickM#j<" &#Launch vehicleASLV #2zVH-$ Carried a German (MEsOSS) remote sensing payload and a gamma-ray astronomy payload5b'  End of life_-A#R<"Out of service12 Jul 1988YbA#R0Causelaunch failure$>" 8v1F v!Sross 3D>5 : e" Sross 39v# ,Also called Sross C1 $'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21968 / 92028A\$A#R6Launch date20 May 1992lSM#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiaUG#^"H̀Mission^SA#R:"Perigee/Apogee251/436 kmTZA#R&Inclination46TA#R&Period91.4 minkZM#j<" &#Launch vehicleASLV #3Y5r$ jCarried Gamma Ray astronomy and aeronomy payload.5'  End of lifeVrA#R*Decay14 Jul 1992$!" 9Z1l ZfSross C2E!5 :" e" Sross C21 Z'  Generalg 7G#^@") Designation23099 / 94027A[A#R4Launch date4 May 1994l7M#j>"N ,&‰Country of originIndiay,wM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee430/619 kmTw)A#R&Inclination46T}A#R&Period95.1 mink)M#j<" &#Launch vehicleASLV #4Z}BA#R2"Mass at launch113 kg$f- (㇊D􉂂It carried a Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) for measuring ionospheric plasma, and a Gamma ray detector. Is identical to Sross 3Beacon freq.: 137.400 MHz It operates only on command so data reception is limited to sites close to India.5B1c. fSSTPFf2 4*"  Program: SSTPyQf( ff Space Spacecraft Technology Programplanned for 1995, 230 kg, remote sensing11W T+f) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 5F1Є+ F{AST 15 {, (" ST 11 F'  GeneralY{G#^$") Designationf%kA#RJLaunch dateplanned in early 1998q*G#^T"N ,Country of originSingapore & Taiwan=k`G#^zOperatorSingapore Telecom and Chunghwa Telecom (50/50)o"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]`,A#R8,Geostationary orbit88EjM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleArianeY,G#^$Launch site% To be delivered in-orbit. Contract worth $240 million (with 2 control centers in Seletar, Singapour and Taipei, Taiwan; and training)<' *O External resourcesF' >http://www.singtel.com/ST1/8W' "(OTechnical data=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EW0 0*eptC-bandKu-band8' " Specificationsi(zA#RP&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Space[A#R4PlatformEurostar 2000[z0A#R4"Mass at launch3255 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitO0A#RDimensionQ# A#R Solar arraySv A#R$ StabilizationT# A#R&DC power6500 W]v ' A#R8$Design lifetime12 years& M # 0 ' } '  C-bandYM A#R0(Main transponders14Y} / A#R0,Backup transpondersK z A#RPowerO/ A#RBandwidthm&z 6 G#^LepCoveragemiddle to far East AsiaT A#R&EIRP max40 dBWV6 A#R*G/T max-2.1 dB/K\ < A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V& b # 1 < '  Ku-bandYb A#R0(Main transponders16Y EA#R0,Backup transpondersZ A#R2Power90-135 W (TWTA)OEA#RBandwidthGN#l*ttCoverageK1: Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, SingaporeK2: Indiad" @B#TDEIRP maxK1: 53 dBWK2: 52 dBW @c!o@B#TBG/T maxK1: 5 dB/KK2: 3 dB/K\ @@A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VR.o@A$ \Transponders are switchable on either beam1@NA1W NAAAT+AA) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&NAA# 1AA1 AIBPAIB6 <6maU"`ST 1's C-band EIRP1AzB1W zBBBT+IBB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&zBB# 1B%C1 %CvCQBvC6 <8maU"aST 1's Ku-band EIRP1%CC1W CC!DT+vCC) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&C!D# BCcD1.I cDDMProgram: StacksatB!DD, (." Program: StacksatrcD:E# US military program composed of 3 similar satellites named POGS, TEX & SCE. This program is also known as P87-21 DkE'  Generall:E FI#b") DesignationPOGS or USA 56: 20560 / 90031ATEX or USA 57: 20561 / 90031BSCE or USA 58: 20562 / 90031C\kE|FA#R6Launch date11 Apr 1990t' FFM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesG|F~GG#^"H̀Missionmilitary: study ionospheric effects on signal propagationZFGA#R2"Perigee/Apogee741 kmT~G,HA#R&Inclination90L GxHA#RPeriodm ,HHM#j@" &26Launch vehicleAtlas #51\8xHAI$ pTEX is a USAF satellite, POGS & SCE are from US Navy8HyI' "(OTechnical data8AII' " SpecificationsYyI JA#R0&Prime contractorCTAN IXJA#RPlatform^ JJA#R:"Mass at launch68 kg eachSXJ KA#R$ Mass in orbitOJXKA#RDimensionU KKA#R(Solar array15 W[XKLA#R4 StabilizationgradientN KVLA#RDC power\LLA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsQ-VLM$ Zpossible downlink: 327.250 or 328.250 MHz: L=M1+& =MwMStarlette:MwM, (" StarlettepM=MM#  Satellite de Taille Adapte avec Rflecteur Laser pour l'ETude de la TErre1 wMN'  Generalg MNG#^@") Designation07646 / 75010A[NNA#R4Launch date6 Feb 1975m NGOM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancep#NOM#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesyRGOA#R"OperatoOMrCNES_OtA#R<"Perigee/Apogee805/1108 kmVʀA#R*Inclination49.8UtA#R(Period104.2 mino"ʀM#jD" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #10YA#R0"Mass at launch47 kg{Wb$ Sphere of 24 cm of uranium covered with reflectors. Measured the continental drift.<' *O External resources`9b' rhttp://dgfi3.dgfi.badw-muenchen.de/edc/starlette.htmlB@1I @څProgram: StarliteB, (." Program: StarliteX2@څ& eUS military project lead by DARPA. This would be a constellation of 24 satellites configured with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to allow direct tasking control to a deployed tactical commander. The constellation would allow for a very rapid revisit rate (about 15 minutes) to most areas of the earth. The system would be capable of generating very high resolution elevation data (1 meter post spacings) and highly accurate radar imagery.Two satellite should be built in 2000 for demonstration purposes. If successful the system should be deployed in 2005.1 1W _T+څ_) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # A_Ɔ1*&= ƆProgram: StarsysA, (," Program: StarsysR&ƆY, &MD"GE program made of 24 LEO satelllites to be built by Alcatel Telecom (MMS will supply the Leostar busses). Can provide tracking and monitoring services around the globe. GE Americom concluded the acquisition of an 80% interest in Starsys Global Positioning, Inc.These satellites will operate in the VHF/UHF frequency bands, and will have the capability for adaptive on-board filtering of terrestrial interference. The 80 kg (approx.) spacecraft will be used to relay short data packet bursts between a gateway site and small remote terminals.=) )GE Starsys will offer satellite-based data messaging services for a variety of applications, including fleet and cargo management, logistics, remote data collection and asset security. Transportation service providers will use GE Starsys to monitor their assets, increasing their fleet productivity and effectiveness.As currently envisioned, the system will consist of up to 24 orbit-controlled satellites at 965 km in altitude. Each bird should weigh 70 kg.Alcatel will aslo provide the control stations and the terminals.j@Y* $ Program was abandonned in 1997, its licence is now on sale111W 1T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&1# 71M>3 6Stella7 , (" Stella1 J'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22824 / 93061B\J A#R6Launch date26 Sep 1993m zM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancep# M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: geodesy^zHA#R:"Perigee/Apogee793/803 kmVA#R*Inclination98.7UH A#R(Period100.8 min n!zM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V59& # 8z' "(OTechnical data8' " SpecificationsZjA#R2&Prime contractorCNESN A#RPlatformYjA#R0"Mass at launch48 kgSdA#R$ Mass in orbit\A#R6Diameter24 cm (sphere)SdA#R$ StabilizationN aA#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetimeOa61 0?1Its a sphere of 24 cm diameter with 20 sides and 60 laser reflectors. As Starlette or Lageos 2 Stella is designed to be tracked by laser (1 cm accuracy) by ground stations all around the world (in France: le Cergue in Grasse). It is made of impoverish uranium for the maximum stability. Will enable to make a map of the globe. > t1[ tprogram: StepJ65 :,G" Program: Stept& Space Test Experiment PlatformAmerican small satellite program to test technology. The STEP program is run by the DoD Space Test Program (SMC/TEL) an office of the Space and Missile Systems Center, Test and Evaluation Directorate (SMC/TE).<' *O External resources[. ,http://www.te.plk.af.mil/factsheet/telfact.htmlhttp://www.te.plk.af.mil/orbital.html11 ]@]O n j󼬉󼬉󼬉󼬉Program: StepStep 0Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 471  GStep 1C]5 :G" Step 17# (Also called P90 A1 ?'  General\A#R6Launch date27 Jun 1994t'?M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesi"xG#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technologys&M#jL" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #6 (XL)&x# 5F'  End of life_A#R<"Out of service27 Jun 1994p/FA#R^CauseDestroyed on launch with the launcher2 G' Operated by USAF and built by TRW from an Eagle platformIt carried radio propagation experiments, a plasma environment analyser, the CHAMPION ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling experiment, and an accelerometer and mass spectrometer to study the upper atmosphere.7~1탫 ~+Step 2CG5 :G" Step 27~# (Also called P91 A1 )'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23105 / 94029A\)A#R6Launch date19 May 1994t'`M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesi"G#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technology^`3A#R:3G"Perigee/Apogee604/818 kmVA#R*Inclination81.9R3A#R"Period99 minn!IM#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #5+% {Operated by USAF and built by TRW from a lightstar Eagle platform. It will study propagation of radio signals through the ionosphere; carries SIDEX, a signal indentification experiment.7Ib1  b Step 3C+5 :G" Step 31 b'  General\2A#R6Launch date22 Jun 1995t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesi"2G#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technologys&M#jL" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #9 (XL)ZA#R2"Mass at launch265 kg&# 57'  End of life_A#R<"Out of service22 Jun 1995Y7A#R0CauseLaunch failure + $ Built by TRW, it carried the SAMME (Space Active Modular Materials Experiments) payload to study exposure to space of solar cells and advanced materials, as well as vibration suppression technology and experimental computer disk drives.7C1  CAStep 4C 5 :G" Step 47C# (Also called P95-11 '  Generalg UG#^@") Designation25013 / 97063A\A#R6Launch date22 Oct 1997t'U% M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States` G#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?o.% A#R\"Perigee/Apogee434/501 km (600 km planned)T H A#R&Inclination45R A#R"Period94 mino"H M#jD" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus #18 ' ]Cost: $52 millionContact was lost right after launch and the solar panels did not deploy. In such conditions the lifetime of the satelllite is limited by the batteries.<  ' *O External resourcesS* m ) "T8http://www.trw.com/seg/sats/STEP4.html8 ' "(OTechnical data8m ' " SpecificationsY 6 A#R0&Prime contractorTRWR A#R"PlatformSTEP\6 A#R6"Mass at launch391.5 kgS 7A#R$ Mass in orbit\ A#R6Dimension1.52 x 0.91 mQ7A#R Solar arrayY=A#R0 Stabilization3-axisSA#R$DC power183 W\= @A#R6$Design lifetime2 years @ 8D@$ (S-band telemetry1 @u@' O PayloadD@A& Digital Ion Drift Meter (DIDM) Electromagnetic Propagation Experiment (EMPE) Orbiting Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (OOAM) @u@[A13b [AAProgram: Strela@AA, (*" Program: Strela{[A;B% Means "arrow"Russian military telecommunication program based on LEO satellites. This program has 3 differents series.2 AmB' (Strela 1;BPC) u Those satellites form a network of 3 satellites orbiting in planes separated by 120. They are used for long range communications by low power transmitters.Specifications overview:\mBCA#R6&Prime contractorNPO PMN PCCA#RPlatformPCJDA#RMass800 kgp/CDA#R^Dimensioncylinder, 2 m diameter x 2 m highd#JDEA#RF"Perigee/Apogeecircular, 800 kmTDrEA#R&Inclination74YEEA#R0 Orbital cycle6 days\rE'FA#R6$Design lifetime2 years7E^F'   Satellites:I'F,G#ڀ2JbzCosmos 372Cosmos 407Cosmos 468Cosmos 494Cosmos 540Cosmos 614I^FG#ڀ2JbzCosmos 676Cosmos 773Cosmos 783Cosmos 836Cosmos 841Cosmos 858L,GH#ڀ2Jd~Cosmos 923Cosmos 968Cosmos 990Cosmos 1023Cosmos 1048Cosmos 1110OGI#ڀ6PjCosmos 1125Cosmos 1140Cosmos 1190Cosmos 1269Cosmos 1302Cosmos 1331OHsJ#ڀ6PjCosmos 1354Cosmos 1371Cosmos 1420Cosmos 1452Cosmos 1486Cosmos 1503OIGK#ڀ6PjCosmos 1538Cosmos 1570Cosmos 1624Cosmos 1680Cosmos 1741Cosmos 1763QsJ#L#怢6,!wTnCosmos 1770Cosmos 1814Cosmos 1850Cosmos 1898Cosmos 1937Cosmos 1954WGKM# " )w -fx>|$x\v`,xCosmos 1992Cosmos 2056Cosmos 2112Cosmos 2150Cosmos 2208Cosmos 2251#LM#4"-x $(,0Cosmos 2298&MM# 2 MN' (OStrela 2MN) 7 Those satellites were launched 8 at a time, more or less in the same plane. They were used for military radio communications.Specifications overview:VN.OA#R*&Prime contractorN N|OA#RPlatformR.OOA#R"Mass~ 200 kgO|O)A#RO)ADimensione$OA#RH"Perigee/Apogeecircular, 1500 kmT)A#R&Inclination74S5A#R$ Orbital cycle^A#R:$Design lifetime1.5 yearsf<5* $x㓉The full list of satellites launched is available here2 +' (OStrela 3\+1 0Wቂ Launched by 6, those satellites offer realtime and store and forward data communications between military aircraft, ships and bases. Also called Locsyst. All crafts were launched onboard Cyclone 3Two planes are spaced 90 degrees apart with six satellites per plane.Specifications overview:\+A#R6&Prime contractorNPO PMN 1A#RPlatformPA#RMass225 kgO1ЄA#RDimensione$5A#RH"Perigee/Apogeecircular, 1400 kmVЄA#R*Inclination82.6S5ޅA#R$ Orbital cycle\:A#R6$Design lifetime2 yearsUޅ* $ They have an uplink in 312-315 MHz range and downlinks 387-390 MHzSatellites:Q:~t#"BbCosmos 1617-22Cosmos 1690-95Cosmos 1827-32Cosmos 1875-80Cosmos 1909-14US#Ѐ" )w&exJjCosmos 1994-99Cosmos 2038-43Cosmos 2090-95Cosmos 2114-19Cosmos 2143-48b~/z#Ā"B9,xCosmos 2157-62Cosmos 2165-70Cosmos 2197, 2198, 2200, 2202Cosmos 2211-16Cosmos 2245-50aS"#"a,x&,xJ-xr3xI3xCosmos 2252-57Cosmos 2268-73Cosmos 2299-2304Cosmos 2328-2330Cosmos 2337-2339/Ê#ր<.3x*048Cosmos 2352-57&"# > Ê'1 'qProgram: STRVJq5 :,FG" Program: STRV'T, &o Space Technology Research VehicleEnglish experimental program operated by DRA (Defence Research Agency), the new name for the RAE (Royal Aircraft Establishment). RAE was the lead agency for all of Britain's technology(as opposed to science or communications) satellites.Designed to test spacecraft systems and technologies in orbit and investigate the effect of high radiation doses, atomic oxygen erosion and spacecraft charging.<q' *O External resourcesg@T' http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT/SSHP/data_strv.html1(1 (a': DN@djdjProgram: STRVSTRV 1ASTRV 1B1(1U d;# 0STRV's specificationsE{A#R0&Prime contractorDRA (Defense Research Agency) Aerospace Division[֏A#R40"Mass at launch~ 50 kgc"{EA#RD0֏EDimension0.45 x 0.45 x 0.47 mb!֏A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedb E B#T@0DC powerBOL: 27 WEOL: 24 W[dA#R40$Design lifetime1 year$ " 1d1U pQ( STRV's PayloadSeveral instruments to measure radiation dose, particle fluxes, electrostatic charging, etc._A#R<0,Telemetry data rate1 kbpsa QA#R@0(Transmitter power0.5 W, 2 W~<B#Tx0FrequenciesUplink: 2.025-2.12 GHzDownlink: 2.2-2.3 GHz$" 81gy /eSTRV 1AD/5 : FG" STRV 1A1 `'  Generalg /G#^@") Designation23125 / 94034B\`#A#R6Launch date17 Jun 1994u(M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomi"#G#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technology`aA#R>"Perigee/Apogee251/35518 kmUA#R(Inclination7.3Sa A#R$Period627 minn!wM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V64] D#X2"Mass at launch50 kgw& Carries experiments to study surface erosion effects on spacecraft materials, a cosmic ray detector, and a gamma ray burst experiment. Will test new solar cells and measure static charge on its surfaces. 8' "(Technical datab0e2 4`]auSpecificationsPayloadSpin rate: 10 rpm81I STRV 1BDe5 : FG" STRV 1B1 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation23126 / 94034C\A#R6Launch date17 Jun 1994u(yJM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomi"G#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technology`JA#R>"Perigee/Apogee239/35588 kmUhA#R(Inclination7.3SA#R$Period628 minn!h)M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V64]D#X2"Mass at launch53 kgeA)$ Carries an experimental cooler, solar cells, and electronics.8#' "(Technical dataa/2 4^]auSpecificationsPayloadSpin rate: 5 rpm7#1; b  Sunsat7 , (" Sunsat1 #'  GeneralY|G#^$") Designationd##A#RFLaunch dateplanned in mar 1997k$|WG#^HW"N ,Country of originSouth Africak$G#^H"H̀MissionTelecommunication, HAM`W"A#R>"Perigee/Apogee400 / 830 kmQsA#R InclinationL "A#RPeriodks*M#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2Q{A#R Launch siteX*' Micro satellite being designed, built and tested by students at the Electronic Systems Laboratory in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Stellenbosch University. In exchange for a US National Aeronautics and Space Administration launch, Sunsat will carry a precision GPS receiver and a set of Laser retro-reflectors, for NASA's use.The payload includes duplicate transmitters and receivers for the 2-meter and 70-cm bands, a 24-cm (1260 Mhz) receiver and 13-cm (2400-MHz) receiver. A number of uplink and downlink frequency combinations are possible. Sunsat will offer extensive digital communication capability. One of the 2-meter receivers has four IF sections connected to 1200-baud AFSK packet modems. The satellite carries three G3RUH-compatible 9600-baud modems that can be switched to various receivers and transmitters.1 {+' O Contactk& SED, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7600, South AfricaTel: +27-21-8084103Fax:+27-21-8084981<+' *O External resources~Pv. ,http://esl.ee.sun.ac.za/http://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/sunsat.html8' "(OTechnical data8v' " SpecificationsV<A#R*&Prime contractorN A#RPlatformY<A#R0"Mass at launch60 kgS6 A#R$ Mass in orbit^ A#R:Dimension45 x 45 x 62 cmQ6 A#R Solar arrayS 8 A#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC powerU8 A#R($Design lifetime&  # 1 2 1W 2 T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&2 # C 1 >  Program: SuperbirdO > 5 :6⻊f" Program: Superbird  , &1OJapanese telecommunication program operated by SCCThe 2 control centers are located in Ibaraki (space port east) and Yamaguchi (space port west).1> 3 1 3 o V |Y'# OOO_Sk7`Sk7PSk7Program: SuperbirdSuperbird A1Superbird A2Superbird B1Superbird CSuperbird DSuperbird 413 )1U )AB@ i# :Superbird's specificationsz9)A#Rr0&Prime contractorFord Aerospace / Space Systems/LoralUi8A#R(0PlatformFS 1300[A#R40"Mass at launch2492 kgZ8 @A#R20 Mass in orbit1505 kg @ b!n@A#RB0Dimension2.41 x 2.58 x 2.2 m\ @@A#R60Solar array20.3 m spanYn@#AA#R00 Stabilization3 axisa@AB#T>0DC power4460 WEOL: 3800 W]#AAA#R80$Design lifetime10 years$AB" 1A6B1U 6BDD8BnB# *Superbird's X-bandX6BBA#R.0(Main transponders2YnBCA#R00,Backup transpondersVBuCA#R*0Power40 W (TWTA)UCCA#R(0Bandwidth40 MHzN uCDA#R0CoverageTClDA#R&0EIRP max37 dBWRDDA#R"0Polarization$lDD" 1DE1U EWH{H9DLE# ,Superbird's Ku-bandYEEA#R00(Main transponders23ZLEEA#R20,Backup transponders8VEUFA#R*0Power50 W (TWTA)UEFA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzz7UF$GC#Vn0CoverageJapan: 49 dBWTaiwan: 38 dBWKorea: 45 dBWTFxGA#R&0EIRP max53 dBWX$GGA#R.0PolarizationlinearExGWHB#T0Frequenciesuplink: 14.00 - 14.50 GHzdownlink: 12.25 - 12.75 GHz$G{H" 1WHH1U HKL9{HH# ,Superbird's Ka-bandXH=IA#R.0(Main transponders2ZHIA#R20,Backup transponders1V=IIA#R*0Power29 W (TWTA)VICJA#R*0Bandwidth100 MHzSIJA#R$0CoverageJapano-CJKB#TZ0EIRP maxspot beam: 59 dBWothers: 55 dBWRJWKA#R"0PolarizationEKKB#T0Frequenciesuplink: 28.40 - 28.80 GHzdownlink: 18.80 - 19.00 GHz$WKL" 1K3L1W 3LLLT+LL) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&3LL# 1LL1U Lӊ[8L9M# pSuperbird's Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)cL/N# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplink9MNt#,(14.02112.29/NDOt#. 12.311314.04NOt#,(14.06212.33DOet#.OeL 12.351414.08Ot#,(14.10312.37ezt#. 12.391514.12t#,(14.14412.41zt#. 12.431614.16t#,(14.18512.45t#. 12.471714.20.t#,(14.22612.49t#. 12.511814.24.Ct#,(14.26712.53΅t#. 12.551914.28CXt#,(14.30812.57΅t#. 12.592014.32Xmt#,(14.34912.61t#. 12.632114.36mt#.*14.381012.65t#. 12.672214.40t#.*14.421112.69$t#. 12.712314.44t#.*14.461212.73$$ӊ" 11W X~T+ӊX) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&~# = X1A Superbird A1I~5 :*⻊f" Superbird A11 5'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20040 / 89041A[5A#R4Launch date5 Jun 1989lcM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"ҍM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsk*c=A#RT,Geostationary orbitlife time in 158En!ҍM#jB" &2D+Launch vehicleAriane V31&=ю# 5'  End of life\юbA#R6"Out of serviceDec 1990ZA#R2CausePropellant leak&b #  ~8D' "(Technical datan0 > L`8 &(4穉ՉՉSpecificationsX-bandKu-bandKa-band< D1뀯 6Superbird DH65 :(⻊f" Superbird D5k'  End of life_6A#R<"Out of service22 Feb 1990m&k7G#^L7D+CauseLaunch failure: Ariane V36&]# 87' "(Technical datan0]> L`8 &(4穉ՉՉSpecificationsX-bandKu-bandKa-band= @1 A @eSuperbird B1I5 :*⻊f" Superbird B11 @'  Generalg !G#^@") Designation21893 / 92010A\}A#R6Launch date26 Feb 1992l!M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"}XM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit162En!X,M#jB" &eD+Launch vehicleAriane V49&R# 8,' "(Technical dataReP n8 &(4穉Չ܅ֈՉ&4SpecificationsX-bandKu-bandKu-band frequency chartKa-bandKu-band EIRP coverage (dBW)beacons: 12.251 V & 12.253 H GHz11 \&e6 "N ,bCountry of originJapano"kFM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit158En!FM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V55&@# 8x' "(Technical data@SP n8 &(4穉Չ܅ֈՉ&4SpecificationsX-bandKu-bandKu-band frequency chartKa-bandKu-band EIRP coverage (dBW)beacons: 12.250 V & 12.252 H GHz< x1L3% Superbird CHS5 :(⻊f" Superbird C1 '  Generalg oG#^@") Designation24880 / 97036A\A#R6Launch date28 Jul 1997lo7M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsf7 G#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit144Er%~M#jJ" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2AS #108j $ Investment is evaluated to $416 million including insurance. The satellite alone is worth $1~S00 million8~P' "(OTechnical data=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)~GP 7 >z /E/EJapan & Hawaii beamsNorth East Asia beamSouth East Asia beam8C' " Specifications\ A#R6&Prime contractorHughesTCA#R&PlatformHS-601[NA#R4"Mass at launch3130 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbit`NA#R>Dimension2.3 x 2.3 x 2.2 m\]A#R6Solar array26.6 m spanYA#R0 Stabilization3-axisY]A#R0DC powerEOL: 4500 W]lA#R8$Design lifetime13 years&# 1 l'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders24ZvA#R2,Backup transponders6OA#RPower90 WUv]C#VBandwidth16 x 27 MHz4 x 36 MHz4 x 54 MHz (convertible to 2 x 114 MHz at 180 W)C^#H,z /E/EzCoverage & EIRP maxJapan: 57.6 dBWNorth East Asia: 54.6 dBWSouth East Asia: 51.5 dBWSteerable: 50.4 dBWhawaii: 52.3 dBW\]A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VoCQC#VFrequenciesuplink: 14.00 - 14.50 GHzdownlink: 12.25 - 12.75 GHzdownlink: 11.70 - 12.70 GHz (Hawaii only))z ' In addition to two conventional antennas (2.16 m) the spacecraft will also feature a steerable spot beam designed and built by Mitsubishi to increase service where needed.Superbird C would have 125 MHz of X-band in the payload for mobile communication.R+Q ' V Uplink transponder frequency chart (GHz)Sz # |xy & D n  VerticalUplinkTransponderHorizontalUplinkBandwidth (MHz)BeamG #耎|xy$&14.05154Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia (Tr 1 & 2 can be combined)J e #耔|xy&(1314.0554Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia (Tr 13 & 14 can be combined)G 8 #耎|xy$&14.11254Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia (Tr 1 & 2 can be combined)Je #耔|xy&(1414.1154Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia (Tr 13 & 14 can be combined)-8 #Z|xy$&14.16336Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia .#\|xy&(1514.1636Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia ";@#D|xy$;@S&14.20436Japan-Hawaii /@#^|xy&(1614.2036Japan-Hawaii or Steerable0;@A#`|xy (*1714.23827Japan-Hawaii or Steerable.@lB#\|xy&(14.253527Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia /A'C#^|xy (*1814.26827Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia #lBC#F|xy&(14.283627Japan-Hawaii 0'CD#`|xy (*1914.29827Japan-Hawaii or Steerable.CLE#\|xy&(14.313727Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia /DF#^|xy (*2014.32827Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia #LEF#F|xy&(14.343827Japan-Hawaii 0FrG#`|xy (*2114.35827Japan-Hawaii or Steerable.F,H#\|xy&(14.373927Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia /rGH#^|xy (*2214.38827Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia $,HI#H|xy (*14.4031027Japan-Hawaii /HRJ#^|xy (*2314.41827Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia /I K#^|xy (*14.4331127Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia /RJK#^|xy (*2414.44827Japan-Hawaii or NE Asia / KL#^|xy (*14.4631227Japan-Hawaii or SE Asia &KL# T-LL' Z Downlink transponder frequency chart (GHz)WLM# |xy * H v  VerticalDownlinkTransponderHorizontalDownlinkBandwidth (MHz)Beam@LN#耀|xy$&112.3254Japan or SE Asia (Tr 1 & 2 can be combined)CMO#耆|xy&(12.321354Japan or NE Asia (Tr 13 & 14 can be combined)@Nd#耀|xyOdS$&212.3854Japan or SE Asia (Tr 1 & 2 can be combined)CO3#耆|xy&(12.381454Japan or NE Asia (Tr 13 & 14 can be combined)%d#J|xy$&312.4336Japan or SE Asia&3#L|xy&(12.431536Japan or NE Asia$F#H|xy$&412.4736Japan or Hawaii(#P|xy&(12.471636Japan or Steerable)F#R|xy (*12.5081727Japan or Steerable&a#L|xy&(512.52327Japan or SE Asia'#N|xy (*12.5381827Japan or NE Asia%aņ#J|xy&(612.55327Japan or Hawaii)z#R|xy (*12.5681927Japan or Steerable&ņ,#L|xy&(712.58327Japan or SE Asia'z߈#N|xy (*12.5982027Japan or NE Asia%,#J|xy&(812.61327Japan or Hawaii)߈E#R|xy (*12.6282127Japan or Steerable&#L|xy&(912.64327Japan or SE Asia'E#N|xy (*12.6582227Japan or NE Asia&\#L|xy (*1012.67327Japan or Hawaii'#N|xy (*12.6882327Japan or NE Asia'\#N|xy (*1112.70327Japan or SE Asia'u#N|xy (*12.7182427Japan or NE Asia'(#N|xy (*1212.73327Japan or SE Asiau % WBeacons: 12.250 V & 12.252 H GHz on Japan beam, 11.101 H GHz on Hawaii beam, 12.254 V GHz on NE Asia beam, 12.255 H GHz on SE Asia beam, 12.749 V GHz on Steerable beam( S1(=1 =h2 6 "N ,bCountry of originJapano"N)M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^A#R:,Geostationary orbit162E\)G#^*" &Launch vehicleI,* $>OWill replace Superbird B18d' "(OTechnical data8,' " Specifications\dA#R6&Prime contractorHughesVNA#R*PlatformHS-601HPTA#R&"Mass at launchSNA#R$ Mass in orbitODA#RDimensionQA#R Solar arraySDA#R$ StabilizationN 6A#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetime&6# 1 '  Ku-bandY;A#R0(Main transponders23YA#R0,Backup transpondersK ;A#RPowerU4A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzy8A#RpCoveragedomestic beam, Okinawa beam, steerable beamN 4A#REIRP maxM HA#RG/T maxRA#R"Polarization&H# 1 '  Ka-bandXIA#R.(Main transponders6YA#R0,Backup transpondersK IA#RPowerg%TB#TJBandwidth1 x 200 MHz5 x 100 MHz[A#R4CoverageDomestic beamN T A#REIRP max M YA#RG/T maxR A#R"Polarization_;Y $ vThe satellite will carry a steerable Ku-Band spot beam.1;1W' ;T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&;# : 1KV( )C Surfsat 1:), (" Surfsat 1X5# jSummer Undergraduate Research Fellowship SATellite1 )'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23711 / 95060B[tA#R4Launch date4 Nov 1995m M#j@"N ,xW Country of originCanada_t@G#^0"H̀MissionScientific_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee934/1494 kmW@A#R,Inclination100.6SIA#R$Period109 minp#M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #229eIJ#d6$Mass at launch55 kg$B' Surfsat is bolted to Delta's second stage. It has its own solar cells and is not electricaly dependent of Delta.Surfsat will be used as a test vehicle for NASA, supporting deep space communications research and training of tracking station personnel at NASA's Deep Space Network. The Deep Space Network transponders will operate in Ka-band at 32 GHz (atmospheric studies). The VLBI transponders (X- and Ku-band) will enable testing of ground equipment for VSOP (Japan) and Radioastron (Russian project).`<$ xDesigned by Caltech undergraduates with the help of JPL.<B' *O External resourcese>C ' |http://sgra.jpl.nasa.gov/html_surfsat/SURFSATHomePage.html5x 1 () x 2ESWAS5 C , (" SWAS1 x '  GeneralY 7 G#^$") Designatione$ A#RHLaunch dateplanned in late 1999t'7  M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr% M#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: Astronomy^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee600/650 kmT 4 A#R&Inclination70L A#RPeriodn!4 M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL[ I A#R4Launch siteVandenberg& o% The SWAS mission is an outgrowth of the scientific interest in the exploration of the submillimeter wavelength region for astronomy. SWAS will be a pioneering step in submillimeter astronomy in space. The SWAS mission is designed to study molecular clouds in the galactic plane, providing a mini and full survey of the clouds, leading towards the development of maps. It will also perform quick-look chemistry on the structure and content of these molecular clouds, and will research extragalactic sources.<I ' *O External resourcesoy@6 :http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/sy@C mex/swas/http://www-astro.phast.umass.edu/swas/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/swas.html8@' "(OTechnical data8y@@' " SpecificationsV@?AA#R*&Prime contractorN @AA#RPlatformZ?AAA#R2"Mass at launch288 kgXA?BA#R.Payload mass102 kgOABA#RDimensionQ?BBA#R Solar arrayYB8CA#R0 Stabilization3-axisSBCA#R$DC power230 W\8CCA#R6$Design lifetime2 yearsK#C2E( GTelemetry: 2215 MHz (realtime: 18.75 kbps, playback: 1.8 Mbps), 5 W transmitterCommand: 2039.65 MHz (2 kbps)The instrument consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope, receiver, Acousto-Optical Spectrometer (AOS), instrument control electronics (ICE) and a thermal control subsystem.1CcE1W* cEEET+2EE) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&cEE# CE F1V+ FoF@IProgram: SymphonieOEoF5 :6=" Program: SymphonieC FH, &/ French and German telecommunication program. The French Saros project and the German Olympia project merged with the help of a cooperation signed on 22 Jan 1963 and 16 Jun 1967. The satellites were built by CIFAS, a consortium gathering Arospatiale, Thomson CSF, SAT and MBB, Siemens and AEG Telefunken.The program enabled the use of the SAMSON (Station Antenne Miniature pour Service Occasionnel Numrique) portable station: transportable in 2 containers containing telecommunication equipments and a 4.8 m diameter antenna.<oFH' *O External resourcesR+H@I' Vhttp://www.op.dlr.de/wt-rm/symphony.htm1HqI1, qIIn4@II: Dhۢ&?a׀@a׉Program: SymphonieSymphonie 1Symphonie 21qIJ1U- JcNN@IPJ# :Symphonie's specifications[JJA#R40&Prime contractorCIFASN PJJA#R0PlatformZJSKA#R20"Mass at launch400 kgYJKA#R00 Mass in orbit235 kgSSKKA#R$0Diameter1.7 mQKPLA#R 0Height0.5 m[KLA#R40Solar array6.8 m spanFPL2MA#R0 Stabilization3 axis (first civilian satellites 3 axis stabilized)d"LMB#TD0DC powerBOL: 300 WEOL: 180 W\2MMA#R60$Design lifetime5 yearsq0McNA#R`0Capacity600 phone circuits or 2 TV channels$MN" 1cNN1U. NUy8NN# *Symphonie's C-bandXNHOA#R.0(Main transponders2YNOA#R00,Backup transpondersK HO A#R0PowerO NUOaA#R(0Bandwidth90 MHzN A#R0CoverageTaA#R&0EIRP max30 dBWRUA#R"0Polarization$y" < U1K]/ Symphonie 1Hy5 :(=" Symphonie 11 .'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07578 / 74101A\.A#R6Launch date19 Dec 1974.rS#v\"N (, 㱭+Country of originGermany and Franceo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!rCA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #106_CA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&;# 2 m'  Location;m#:p   " BeginEndPosition!mj#Bp$02L: 19 Dec 1974197711.5W3j#fp$&1977Aug 197949E (for India, STEP project)*j#Tp24Aug 197919 Feb 1983Atlantic ocean&ه# 5'  End of life_هmA#R<"Out of service19 Feb 1983&# 8mˈ' "(Technical dataL0 08"ЀBvJSpecificationsC-band< ˈS1G0 SSymphonie 2H5 :(=" Symphonie 21 S̉'  Generalg 3G#^@") Designation08132 / 75077A\̉A#R6Launch date27 Aug 1975.3S#v\"N (, 㱭+Country of originGermany and Franceo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg&A#RL,Geostationary orbit26W or 11.5Ws&YM#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #114_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&Yތ# 5'  End of lifeWތjA#R,"Out of serviceyes&# 8jȍ' "(Technical dataL0 08"ЀBvJSpecificationsC-band@ȍT1U(1 TďProgram: SyncomL5 :0g€" Program: SyncomhT0( SYNchronous COMmunicationFirst american geostationary program. Satellites built by Hughes Aircraft<l' *O External resourcesX10ď' bhttp://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/syncom.html1l 12 ď ďw6ďA Rl~sHsHsHProgram: SyncomSyncom 1Syncom 2Syncom 31 1U3 =# 4Syncom's specificationsVGA#R*0&Prime contractorN A#R0PlatformXGA#R.0 Mass in orbit40 kgL 9A#R0LengthK A#R0WidthL 9A#R0HeightX(A#R.0 StabilizationSpin?N vA#R0DC powerU(A#R(0$Design lifetime$v" 1 1U4 C c# @Syncom's transmission payloadX A#R.0(Main transponders2YcA#R00,Backup transpondersN bA#R0Power2 Wa A#R@0Bandwidth300 phone circuitsN bA#R0CoverageN _A#R0EIRP maxs1B#Tb0Frequenciesupload: 7.4 GHzdownload: 1.8 GHz$_" 9/1 A5 /tPSyncom 1Et5 :"g€" Syncom 11 /'  Generalg t G#^@") Designation00553 / 63004A\hA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1963t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg hCG#^@"H̀MissionTelecommunicationsYA#R0,Geostationary orbitr%CM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #16_mA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&# 5m'  End of life_'A#R<"Out of service14 Feb 1963q0A#R`CauseLost on the way to geostationary orbit&'# 8' "(Technical dataZ*P0 0T/_#SpecificationsTransmission payload91 6 Syncom 2EP5 :"g€" Syncom 21 '  Generalg fG#^@") Designation00634 / 63031A\A#R6Launch date26 Jul 1963t'f6M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg G#^@"H̀MissionTelecommunicationsB6 A#R,Geostationary orbit35797/35785 km, 33 inclined, above Brazilr%M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #20_ A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral P% UOn 31 Oct 1963 the president of the radiocommunications conference in Geneva, Mr Gunnar Pedersen, inaugurated a telephone link to UN's center in New York by Syncom 2.5 '  End of lifeWgA#R,"Out of serviceyes&# 8g' "(Technical dataZ*0 0T/_#SpecificationsTransmission payload9X1'A7 XSyncom 3E5 :"g€" Syncom 31 X'  Generalg 5G#^@") Designation00858 / 64047A\A#R6Launch date19 Aug 1964t'5M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"tM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYA#R0,Geostationary orbitr%t?M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #25_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral?O% First geostationary satellite. Used to broadcast Tokyo's Olympic Games to the US in October 1964 and then for military links to Vietnam.5'  End of lifeWOA#R,"Out of serviceyes&# 89' "(Technical dataZ*0 0T/_#SpecificationsTransmission payload691$8  Taiyo6 , (" Taiyo~R}, (  Means "sun", also called SRATS (Solar Radiation And Thermospheric Structure)1 '  Generalg } G#^@") Designation07671 / 75014A\q A#R6Launch date24 Feb 1975l M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan6q f S#vl"H̀(?vjMissionScientific: ionosphere and Sun study_ A#R<"Perigee/Apogee250/2800 kmTf  A#R&Inclination33S l A#R$Period116 mini M#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 3CZl / A#R2Launch siteKagoshimaY A#R0"Mass at launch86 kg&/ # 5 '  End of lifeV 9 A#R*Decay29 Jun 1980& _ # <9 ' *O External resourcesW0_ ' `http://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/taiyo-e3.html@ 219 2~Program: TanseiL ~5 :0וGƀ" Program: Tanseib2% Means "blue light necklace"Japanese program aimed at testing launchers and various technology1~61: 6AH `oCoCoCoCProgram: TanseiTansei 1Tansei 2Tansei 3Tansei 496 @1; @Q@,ETansei 1 @EQ@5 :"וGƀ" Tansei 1< @@# 2Also called Tansei MRT1 Q@@'  Generalg @%AG#^@") Designation04952 / 71011A\@AA#R6Launch date16 Feb 1971l%AAM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_ALBG#^0"H̀Missiontechnology_ABA#R<"Perigee/Apogee986/1106 kmVLBCA#R*Inclination29.7UBVCA#R(Period106.1 miniCCM#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 4SZVCDA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaYCrDA#R0"Mass at launch63 kg&DD# <rDD' *O External resourcesX1D,E' bhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/tansei-e3.html9DeE1< eEEJTansei 2E,EE5 :"וGƀ" Tansei 21 eEE'  Generalg EBFG#^@") Designation07122 / 74008A\EFA#R6Launch date16 Feb 1974lBF GM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_FiGG#^0"H̀Missiontechnology_ GGA#R<"Perigee/Apogee284/3231 kmViGHA#R*Inclination31.2UGsHA#R(Period121.7 miniHHM#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 3CZsH6IA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaYHIA#R0"Mass at launch56 kg&6II# 5II'  End of lifeVI@JA#R*Decay22 Jan 1983&IfJ# <@JJ' *O External resourcesZ3fJJ' fhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/tanseiII-e3.html9J5K1= 5KzK)Tansei 3EJzK5 :"וGƀ" Tansei 31 5KK'  Generalg zKLG#^@") Designation09841 / 77012A\KnLA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1977lLLM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_nL9MG#^0"H̀Missiontechnology_LMA#R<"Perigee/Apogee796/3804 kmV9MMA#R*Inclination65.8UMCNA#R(Period134.1 miniMNM#j8" & Launch vehicleMu 3HZCNOA#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZN`OA#R2"Mass at launch134 kg&OO# <`OO' *O External resources[4O)' hhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/O)Jinfo/sat/tanseiIII-e3.html9Ob1> bTansei 4E)5 :"וGƀ" Tansei 41 b؀'  Generalg ?G#^@") Designation11706 / 80015A\؀A#R6Launch date17 Feb 1980l?M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapan_fG#^0"H̀Missiontechnology^ĂA#R:"Perigee/Apogee517/608 kmVfA#R*Inclination38.7TĂnA#R&Period95.9 minj؃M#j:" & Launch vehicleMu 3S1Zn2A#R2Launch siteKagoshimaZ؃A#R2"Mass at launch185 kg&2# 5'  End of lifeV=A#R*Decay12 May 1983&c# <=' *O External resourcesZ3c' fhttp://www.isas.ac.jp/info/sat/tanseiIV-e3.html6/1C? /eTD 1A6 e, (" TD 1A3/#  Thor Delta 1A1 eɆ'  Generalg 0G#^@") Designation05879 / 72014A\ɆA#R6Launch date12 Mar 1972m 0M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeu(nM#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: UV astronomy^̈A#R:"Perigee/Apogee523/550 kmVn"A#R*Inclination97.6T̈vA#R&Period95.4 minr%"M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #88[vCA#R4Launch siteVandenbergZA#R2"Mass at launch472 kg&CÊ# 5'  End of lifeUÊMA#R(Decay9 Jan 1980&s# <M' *O External resourcesV/s' ^http://www.esoc.esa.de/external/mso/td.html= B1@ B0Program: TDFI5 :*,d%" Program: TDFwB0. , OTldiffusion De FranceFrench direct TV program operated by TDF. Was designed to promote the D2MAC TV standard.1a1A a\"0: DDSw~Ww~WProgram: TDFTDF 1TDF 21a1UB ~:(# .TDF's specificationsp/A#R^&Prime contractorEurosatellite/AerospatialeZ(A#R2PlatformSpacebus 300[MA#R4"Mass at launch2100 kgZA#R2 Mass in orbit1300 kg>M2A#R|Payload mass206 kg: t2ransponders: 114 kg, antennas: 92 kga A#R@Dimension2.4 x 1.65 x 6.4 m\2A#R6Solar array19.3 m spanYHA#R0 Stabilization3 axis?B#T~DC powerBOL: 4500 WEOL: equinox: 3642 W, solstice: 3311 WYH"A#R0 Payload power2455 W\~A#R6$Design lifetime7 years$"" 1~1UC 93#  TDF's Ku-bandX^A#R."(Main transponders5ZA#R2",Backup transponders1P^A#R"Power230 WU]A#R("Bandwidth27 MHz=G#^z"0XnCoverage and EIRP max1 beam centered on France: 63 dBWV]7A#R*"PolarizationRHCP=B#Tz"FrequenciesUplink: 17.3-17.7 GHzDonwlink: 11.7-12.1 GHz_7A#R<"$Video excursion13.5 MHz/v$9" 1j1yD jH96 <&,d%"fTDF's EIRP6j1{E *TDF 1B *5 :,d%" TDF 11 ['  Generalg *G#^@") Designation19621 / 88098A\[A#R6Launch date28 Oct 1988m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancefM#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TV_PA#R<,Geostationary orbit18.9Wn!M#jB" & D+Launch vehicleAriane V26&P# 5'  End of lifed#}A#RF"Out of servicemid October 1996m,A#RXCausedeorbited after stability problems&}# 8H' "(Technical dataP2 4 a$IRSpecificationsKu-bandTransponder 1 was destroyed by a propellant leak.6H1쁵F BTDF 2B B5 :,d%" TDF 21 s'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation20705 / 90063A\s6A#R6Launch date24 Jul 1990m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrancef6 M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVb!kA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown! M#jB" &8D+Launch vehicleAriane V37&k# : 9- */ۀ Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition%9^j#J^$8:L: 24 Jul 1990Jul 199718.9Wj#:Oct 199729E (tests)^dj#*Nov 199736E,+ $;RH(In August 1997 the bird joined the Eutelsat fleet. Apparently the satellite was sold. TDF 2 is expected to remain in service at least until early 1999.8dd' "(Technical datal4,8 @hXn a$IREIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-band> d1eC.G X Program: TDRSJX5 :,FG" Program: TDRSE5 8! T@^gur7Tracking and Data Relay SatelliteAmerican telecommunication program operated by NASA. Some TDRS satallites have got a so called commercial payload, operated by Columbia Communications (C-band). Provides communications, tracking, telemetry, data acquisition and command services essential to Shuttle and low-Earth orbital spacecraft missions. The TDRS system can provide communications services to orbital spacecraft over 85 percent of each orbit for most satellites, and continuous service for some orbital positions. CXW |K\plUcU~wUdPUN}PUue*The TDRS system was initiated following studies in the early 1970s which showed that a system of telecommunications satellites, operated from a single ground station, could meet the needs of NASA's mission better and more cost-effectively than the then existing network of tracking and communications ground stations located around the world.In addition to the Shuttle, TDRS customers include GRO, UARS, HST, ERBS, EUVE, Topex Poseidon, XTE and other military missions. ;z _ wŘbUɉZvSɉɉvMU݌RFuture clients include: ISS, TRMM, Landsat 7, EOSRetired missions: Landsat 4, Landsat 5, SMM, COBE, SMETDRS control center is in White Sands, New Mexico.Commercial telecommunication services (C-band) are available via Columbia through 31 Dec 2001 (option to extend TDRS 5 & 6 through 2003)< ' *O External resourcesz = H3http://www.tdrss.comhttp://www530.gsfc.nasa.gov/tdrss/http://www530.gsfc.nasa.gov/TUBE/http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/tdrss.htm1 1H g d @ĘOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMProgram: TDRSTDRS 1TDRS 2TDRS 3TDRS 4TDRS 5TDRS 6TDRS 7TDRS 8-10 (or H-J)1 1 I CB # >TDRS 1 to 7's specificationsc" ^ A#RD0&Prime contractorContel & NASAj) A#RR0PlatformTRW Space and Communicationsc"^ + A#RD0"Mass at launchapprox. 2200 kgZ A#R20 Mass in orbit2120 kg^+ A#R:0DimensionHexagonal shapeY <A#R00 Stabilization3 axisf$ B#TH0DC powerBOL: 2000 WEOL: 1700 W]<A#R80$Design lifetime10 yearsA& GEach satellite has 5 antenna systems: 2 for single access, multiple access, STGL and S-band omni for satellite control.For SA service, each TDRS has two dual-feed S-band, Ku-band parabolic antennas. These antennas arA e free to be positioned in two axes, directing the radio beam to orbiting user spacecraft below. These antennas are used primarily to relay communications to and from user spacecraft. The high data rate provided by these antennas is available to users on a time-shared basis. Each antenna is capable of supporting two-user spacecraft services simultaneously -one at S-band and one at Ku-band- provided both users are within the beam width of the antenna.E C% AThe MA antenna array, consisting of 30 elements, is hard-mounted on the spacecraft body on the surface of the antenna module facing the Earth.Another antenna, a 2-meter parabolic reflector, provides the prime link for relaying transmissions to and from the ground terminal at Ku-band.1AJC1WJ JCCCT+CC) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&JCC# 1CC1UK CFF3C(D#  TDRS's S-bandZCDA#R20(Main transponders2+8\(DDA#R60,Backup transponders2+4NDnEB#T0Power(2+2) transponders of 26 W (TWTA)(8+4) transponders of 3.5 W (SSPA)ODEA#R0BandwidthN nE FA#R0CoverageN EYFA#R0EIRP maxR FFA#R"0Polarization$YFF" 1FG1L GJ3F3G#  TDRS's C-bandYGGA#R00(Main transponders12Y3GGA#R00,Backup transpondersWGIA#R&0EIRP max34 dBWVHIA#R*0G/T max-2.7 dB/KX>IIA#R.0PolarizationlinearEIsJB#T0FrequenciesUplink: 5.925-6.425 GHz VDownlink: 3.700-4.200 GHz HAIJ$ :Nominal SFD: -86.4 dBW/m1sJJ1UM JMM4JK# "TDRS's Ku-bandZJsKA#R20(Main transponders4+2\KKA#R60,Backup transponders2+2NsK_LB#T0Power(4+2) transponders of 25 W (TWTA)(2+2) transponders of 1.5 W (TWTA)[KLA#R40Bandwidth50 & 225 MHzN _LMA#R0CoverageTL\MA#R&0EIRP max50 dBWRMMA#R"0Polarization$\MM" 7M N11 N NLNXTDRS 1CMLN5 :FG" TDRS 11 N}N'  Generalg LNNG#^@") Designation13969 / 83026B[}N?OA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1983t'NOM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"?O.M#jD"H̀‰O.MMissionTelecommunicationsb!OA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowj.M#j:" &㪜Launch vehicleSTS 06qBk/ ,OMIts propulsion device (IUS) didn't work. The satellite reached the geostationary orbit by himself, using much of his propellant.Still partially operational, it is though to provide communication services with the South Pole. On 3 Feb 1997 a failure occured on 1 of the gyros. The traffic was taken over be TDRS 6: - */ۀ Locationk/m#:p   " BeginEndPositionj#2p"&(L: 4 Apr 1983GTO/4j#0p"$17 Oct 198341W{j#"p198979W'4@j#Np,.Feb 1995May 199585E, inclined,օj#Xp46Jul 1995mid-Dec 1995139W, inclinedM@j#p $&mid-Jun 199649W, inclined (to support ELVs over the South Atlantic)&օ# 8' "(Technical datam/X> L^ۀtataS^dSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-band71OO ҇TDRS 2CX҇5 :FG" TDRS 21 '  General\҇_A#R6Launch date28 Jan 1986t'ӈM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"_BM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\ӈA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ajBM#j:" &zLaunch vehicleSTS 33&.# 5c'  End of life_.ŠA#R<"Out of service28 Jan 1986c"c%A#RDCauseExploded with Challenger&ŠK# 8%' "(Technical datam/K> L^ۀtataS^dSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-band7'1P 'j/TDRS 3Cj5 :FG" TDRS 31 ''  Generalg jG#^@") Designation19548 / 88091B\^A#R6Launch date29 Sep 1988t'ҍM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"^AM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\ҍA#R6 Geostationarysee belowkAM#j<" &DLaunch vehicleSTS 26RCK$ >Still partially operational: - */ۀ LocationKm#:p   " BeginEndPosition$j#Hp$8:L: 29 Sep 1988Apr 1995171WEdv#p(p~wJun 199585E, inclined: supports GRO and tested with HST&# 8d' "(Technical datam//> L^ۀtataS^dSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-band7f1,Q f}TDRS 4C/5 :FG" TDRS 41 f'  Generalg AG#^@") Designation19883 / 89021B\A#R6Launch date13 Mar 1989t'AM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationso(G#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit41W, inclinedjYM#j:" &ULaunch vehicleSTS 29[1 0݌RĉC-band marketed by CCC. On 15 May 1998 the C-band should not be used anymore to avoid interferences with Intelsat 806. In exchange Intelsat will use Intelsat 515 (to be renamed Columbia 515) at 37.5W.8Y' "(Technical data[}K d? ۉtataS^dEIRP coverage in C-bandSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-bandKu-band downlink:13.750-15.115GHz. Beacon: 2.211GHzWent inclined on 15 Oct 199611R R}6 <:OM"gTDRS 4's C-band EIRP771S 7z.TDRS 5Cz5 :FG" TDRS 51 7'  Generalg zG#^@") Designation21639 / 91054B[mA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1991t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"mPM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit174WjP M#j:" &㥛Launch vehicleSTS 43Ff* $8݌RC-band marketed by CCC8 ' "(Technical dataJf.F \ۉtataS^dEIRP coverage in C-bandSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-band1_1T _R.6 <:OM"hTDRS 5's C-band EIRP7_1,wU +TDRS 6C+5 :FG" TDRS 68c# *Also called TDRS F1 +'  Generalg cG#^@") Designation22314 / 93003B\WA#R6Launch date13 Jan 1993t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"W:M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowj:M#j:" &ћLaunch vehicleSTS 54FX* $8݌RC-band marketed by CCC: - */ۀ LocationXm#:   " BeginEndPosition7j#n$8:L: 13 Jan 1993Jun 199646W, inclined (reserve)>j#. "1 Jul 199647Wk+ $ur7Columbia Communications Corp. reached an agreement with NASA for commercial operations (C-band telecommunications) on this satellite. The satellite will be marketed as COLUMBIA/TDRSS AOR-II and will join two other NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) satellites currently being operated by Columbia under and exclusive agreement with NASA. 8> ' "(Technical dataJF \HY-ۉtataS^dEIRP coverage in C-bandSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-band1 1V R6 <:OM"iTDRS 6's C-band EIRP7V1W V TDRS 7C5 :FG" TDRS 78V# *Also called TDRS G1 '  Generalg iG#^@") Designation23613 / 95035Ah'A#RNLaunch date13 Jul 1995 at 19:55 UTt'iEM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!EA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowp#M#jF" &-Launch vehicleSTS 70 + IUS&# : - */ۀ Locationp m#:   " BeginEndPosition. j#\$8:L: 13 Jul 1995May 1996150W (testing)p j#<Jun 1996171W (spare) m & oThe IUS consists of two Solid Rocket Motors (SRM's) which inject the TDRS/IUS into geostationary orbit. The IUS SRM 1 first place the TDRS/IUS into a transfer orbit with an apogee near geosynchronous altitude (burn at 20:55 UT). At the first apogee the IUS SRM 2 fired to place the TDRS/IUS in geostationary orbit (14 Jul at 02:30 UT). The TDRS/IUS was then maneuvered to the appropriate orientation and TDRS 7 separated from the IUS.8 ' "(Technical datam/m  > L^ۀtataS^dSpecificationsS-bandC-bandKu-band7 I 1wX I @TDRS 8K 5 :.FG" TDRS 8, 9 & 10mCI * "Or TDRS H, I, JThose 3 satellites will be built by Hughes and made from a modified HS-601 platform. First launch planned in July 1999 NASA required to be reimbursed for failures!TDRS 8: 147W, TDRS 9: 172EThose satellites will have S-, Ku- and Ka-band capacity with potential data rates up to 650Mb/s. No C-band.< =' *O External resourcesR+' Vhttp://www.omitron.com/tube/tdrshij.htm8=' "(OTechnical data@* "Telemetry: 22@ 11.5 MHz (0.5, 1 or 4 kbps)Telemetry: 2206.5 MHz (0.5, 1 or 4 kbps)Telemetry: 13731 MHzTelemetry: not yet knownCommand: 2035.96 or 2031.81 MHz (2 kbps)Command: 14786 MHz (+ 15150 MHz)1@1WY @OAuAT+@OA) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&@uA# 8OAA1 Z AAJTeamsat8 uAA, (" Teamsat1 AB'  GeneralYAoBG#^$") DesignationQBBA#R Launch datem oB-CM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuropeUBCG#^"H̀MissionW-CCA#R,"Perigee/ApogeeGTOQC*DA#R InclinationL CvDA#RPeriodf*DDG#^>" &Launch vehicleAriane 502QvD-EA#R Launch site^:DE$ tWill contain 5 experiments provided by ESTEC students.8-EE' "(OTechnical data8EE' " SpecificationsVEQFA#R*&Prime contractorN EFA#RPlatformTQFFA#R&"Mass at launchSFFGA#R$ Mass in orbitOFGA#RDimensionQFGGA#R Solar arraySG9HA#R$ StabilizationN GHA#RDC powerv59HHA#Rj$Design lifetime1 week, duration of the batteriesHJ? L>W>WRRIt will carry a video camera to record and transmit the separation of the cap, the Speltra structure, and of the other Ariane payloads. Once in GTO the satellite might deploy a sub-satellite named Yes (160 kg) attached by a 30 km long tether. Such experiment was tested with TTS 1 & TTS 2, Seds 1 & Seds 2. This experiment is subject to controversy regarding space debris.1HJ1W[ JCKiKT+JCK) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&JiK# : CKK1( .\ KKTechsat 1BiKK2 4""  Techsat 1:KL# .Also called Gurwin 11 KPL'  General\LLA#R6Launch date28 Mar 1995m PLMM#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsraelo"LMM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationslMMM#j>" &aKLaunch vehicleStart #2&MN# 5MON'  End of lifecNNG#^8 CauseLauncher failureVONOA#R*Decay28 Mar 1995a<Nu% yThe satellite carried a CCD camera, a radiation detector, an ozone monitor as well as satellite technology tests. It carried a multi-user store-and-forward Amateur Radio digital communications transponder. GurOuiKwin could primarily operate at 9600 bits per second FSK although it was also capable of 1200 bps BPSK. <O' *O External resourcesZ3u ' fhttp://www.technion.ac.il/pub/projects/techsat/8C' "(OTechnical data8 {' " SpecificationsECA#R&Prime contractorTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology in HaifaN {OA#RPlatformYA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgSOA#R$ Mass in orbitRMA#R"Length0.45 mPA#RWidth0.5 mQMA#R Height0.5 mSAA#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC powerUAA#R($Design lifetime& # 9C' $ Frequency chart9 ݅a#r $ J 145 MHz uplink1269 MHz uplink435 MHz downlinkoCLR#t:(145.8501269.700435.225o݅R#t:(145.8901269.800435.325hL#R#t,(145.9101269.900hR#t,(145.9301269.950$#" : 1t] +[Techsat 2B+2 4""  Techsat 2O,z# XAlso called Gurwin Techsat, or Techsat 1B1 +'  Generalg zG#^@") Designation25397 / 98043D\nA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1998m ۉM#j@"N ,ΝECountry of originIsraelo"nJM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsm ۉM#j@" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit #29|JY& The cost of the satellite is estimated at $8 million. Launch cost: $400,000 It carries several scientific experiments.<' *O External resourcesZ3Y' fhttp://www.technion.ac.il/pub/projects/techsat/8'' "(OTechnical data8_' " Specificationsz9'ٌA#Rr&Prime contractorTechnion University in Haifa, IsraelN _'A#RPlatformYٌA#R0"Mass at launch50 kgS'ӍA#R$ Mass in orbit^1A#R:Dimension48 x 48 x 48 cm_ӍA#R<Solar array4 solar panelsS1A#R$ StabilizationQ4A#R DC power20W\A#R6$Design lifetime3 years4[' 1It will carry an array of laser reflectorsin order to determine its pos[ition with an accuracy of 2-4 inches.Techsat has a downlink on 435.325 MHz.71 ^ TELE X7 [, (" TELE X1 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation19919 / 89027A[A#R4Launch date2 Apr 1989m a)M#j@"N ,ˆtCountry of originSwedenfP#p,(Q^gOperatorNSABf)M#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVf%[A#RJ,Geostationary orbit5E, inclinedn!M#jB" &;D+Launch vehicleAriane V30&[# 5$'  End of life_A#R<"Out of service16 Jan 1998T$A#R&Causedeorbited&# 85' "(Technical dataAv) "0m EIRP coverage (dBW)85' " Specificationsr1v A#Rb&Prime contractorEurosatellite & ArospatialeZzA#R2PlatformSpacebus 300[ A#R4"Mass at launch2089 kgXz-A#R.Payload mass170 kga A#R@Dimension2.4 x 1.65 x 2.4 mZ-A#R2Solar array19 m spanYAA#R0 Stabilization3 axisYA#R0DC powerBOL: 3200 WYAA#R0 Payload power2000 W\OA#R6$Design lifetime7 years&u# 1 O'  Ku-bandXuA#R.(Main transponders4ZXA#R2,Backup transponders2WA#R,Power230 W (TWTA)LX=B#TBandwidth(2+1) transponders of 27 MHz(2+1) transponders of 40 & 86 MHzv/G#^^0m Coverage and EIRP maxScandinavia: 61 dBWV= A#R*PolarizationLHCP>B#T|FrequenciesUplink: 17.7-18.1 GHzDownlink: 12.1-12.65 GHz$ " 11|_ )K)6 <,y"jTELE X's EIRPAj1(@` jProgram: TelecomM)5 :2J{p" Program: Telecomj, &.3sFrench program decided on 20 Feb 1979 operated by France Telecom but designed by the CNES. Mission: telecommunication to over-sea territories, military communications and TV and data transmission.11a q] k eee8e9e:e;eProgram: TelecomTelecom 1ATelecom 1BTelecom 1CTelecom 2ATelecom 2BTelecom 2CTelecom 2D11b @*# :*Telecom 1's specificationsj)A#RR&Prime contractorMatra Marconi EspaceQ*A#R PlatformECS[@A#R4"Mass at launch1210 kgYA#R0 Mass in orbit653 kgB@A#RPayload mass134.4 kg: transponders: 107 kg, antennas: 27.4 kga }A#R@Dimension2.06 x 1.9 x 2.2 mZA#R2Solar array16 m spanY}0A#R0 Stabilization3 axist3A#RfDC powerEOL: equinox: 1483 W, solstice: 1450 WZ0A#R2 Payload power717.3 W\ZA#R6$Design lifetime7 yearswS$ Telemetry is transmitted in S-band in backup mode and in C-band in normal mode.1Z1Uc 2 V 8:# *Telecom 1's C-bandXA#R.0(Main transponders4Z:A#R20,Backup transponders2WCA#R,0Power8.5 W (TWTA)>B#T|0Bandwidth1 transponder of 36 MHz3 transponder of 120 MHzfCkB#T0,Coverage & EIRP maxHemispheric: 29.5 dBWSpot: to West Indies and Guyana (transponder #2): 35 dBWVA#R*0PolarizationLHCPK$k ' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)/c#^  < RHCPUplinkTransponderLHCPDownlinke  R#t&5.945C13.720eh R#t&6.040C23.775e R#t&6.135C33.910eh 2 R#t&6.360C44.135$ V " 12 1d H%V # JTelecom 1's X-band (7.3 and 8 GHz)X ' A#R.0(Main transponders2V } A#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)U' A#R(0Bandwidth40 MHzg&} 9 A#RL0CoverageAtlantic and Indian oceanV A#R*0EIRP max31.3 dBWeA9 $ Syracuse is the communication system used on the transponders1 % 1Ue % C>C9 ^ # ,Telecom 1's Ku-bandX% A#R.0(Main transponders6Z^ A#R20,Backup transponders3V fA#R*0Power20 W (TWTA)UA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzTfA#R&0CoverageEuropeTcA#R&0EIRP max49 dBWZA#R20Polarizationlinear VK$c@' H Transponder frequency chart@ (GHz)9@c#r * H HorizontalUplinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkg@AR#t*14.022K112.522g@~AR#t*14.064K212.564gAAR#t*14.106K312.606g~ALBR#t*14.148K412.648gABR#t*14.190K512.690gLBCR#t*14.232K612.732$B>C" 1CoC1Uf oCH;H@>CC# :Telecom 2's specificationsj)oCDA#RR&Prime contractorMatra Marconi Espace[CtDA#R4PlatformEurostar 2000[DDA#R4"Mass at launch2225 kgZtD)EA#R2 Mass in orbit1005 kgCDEA#RPayload mass407.4 kg: transponders: 307.4 kg, antennas: 100 kg\)E FA#R6Dimension2 x 2.1 x 2 mZEcFA#R2Solar array22 m spanY FFA#R0 Stabilization3 axisbcFaGC#VDC powerBOL: 3850 WEOL: equinox: 3397 W, solstice: 3143 W(nickel hydrogen 86 A/H batteries)YFGA#R0 Payload power2549 W]aGHA#R8$Design lifetime10 years$G;H" 1HlH1Ug lH̀8;HH# *Telecom 2's C-bandYlHHA#R0(Main transponders10ZHWIA#R2,Backup transponders4QHIA#R Power11.5 W?WI)JB#T~Bandwidth4 transponders of 90 MHz6 transponders of 50 MHz]IJA#R8(Coverage (uplink)Globalg)J/KB#T,Coverage (downlink)Spot: France, St Pierre & Miquelon, West Indies and GuyanaSemi global: Reunionq/JKB#T^EIRP maxSpot: 39 dBWSemi global: 32.5 dBW^/KKA#R:Polarizationcircular R/L[KYLA#R4Uplink5.925-6.425 GHzK$KL' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)1YL8Mc#b " @ LHCPDownlinkTransponderRHCPDownlinkaLMR#tC1A3.710a8MMR#tC1B3.738aM[NR#tC2A3.768aMNR#tC2B3.795`[NOR#t3.849C3`N|OR#t3.907C4`OOR#t3.965C5`|OHR#tOH;H4.019C6`OR#t4.154C7$H̀" 11Wh QwT+̀Q) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&w# 1Q1Ui 8w# *Telecom 2's X-bandZ:A#R20(Main transponders4+2\A#R60,Backup transponders2+1M:%B#T0Power(2+1) transponders of 40 W (TWTA)(4+2) transponders of 20 W (TWTA)VC#V0Bandwidth3 transponders of 40 MHz1 transponder of 60 MHz1 transponder of 80 MHzl+%*A#RV0Coverageglobal: center Europe & mobileVA#R*0EIRP max31.3 dBWa*.M#j0(  AccessMRF (Multiple Rpartition en Frquence) or MRC (Multiple Rpartition par Code)YA#R00Uplink7.9-8.395 GHz\.A#R60Downlink7.25-7.745 GHz$" 181Uj 8Z~9q# ,Telecom 2's Ku-bandY8ʆA#R00(Main transponders11Zq$A#R20,Backup transponders4VʆzA#R*0Power55 W (TWTA)U$χA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzs,zBG#^X00wۉCoverage and EIRP maxEurope: 52.5 dBW\χA#R60Polarizationlinear H/VZBA#R20Uplink14.0-14.25 GHzK$C' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)g=# , \ z  Horizontal UplinkHorizontal DownlinkTransponderVertical DownlinkVertical UplinkCʊt#2.14.022K112.522=Wt#2"12.543K714.043ʊt#2.14.064K212.564Wqt#2"12.585K814.085t#2.14.106K312.606qt#2"12.627K914.127t#2.14.148K412.648t#4 $12.669K1014.1693t#2.14.190K512.690t#4 $12.711K1114.2113Zt#2Z.14.232K612.732$~" 1Z1k X"~6 L^wJbk_bk SpecificationsC-bandX-bandKu-band; Z1ԁn Z?Telecom 1CG5 :&J{p" Telecom 1C1 Z'  Generalg 9G#^@") Designation18952 / 88018B\A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988m 9M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo"qM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!qAM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V21&g# : A- */ۀ Locationg+m#:T   " BeginEndPositionj#4T$(*L: 11 Mar 19885W7+\j#nT\,.Aug 1992Feb 19963E (inclined since fall 1995)&# 5\'  End of life\A#R6"Out of serviceFeb 1996a tA#R@CauseMove to the junk orbit&# 8t' "(Technical datam/?> L^wJbk_bk SpecificationsC-bandX-bandKu-band; z1 Go zl Telecom 2AG?5 :&J{p" Telecom 2A1 z'  Generalg YG#^@") Designation21813 / 91084A\A#R6Launch date16 Dec 1991m Y"M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!"A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!aM#jB" &dD+Launch vehicleAriane V48&# : a- */ۀ LocationKm#:   " BeginEndPosition*j#T$HJL: 16 Dec 1991Apr 1992 (tests)3E~K]j#(Apr 19928WW% Test from Mulhouse in Ku-band, Pleumeur Bodou in C-band and from Southern France in X-band. It entered service for the Olympic Games and then it was re-tested in eclipse period. Finaly it was positioned in 8W8]' "(Technical dataGW @ P(ikik~ SpecificationsC-bandX-bandKu-bandBeacon: 3.816 GHz RHCP=S ' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E 0 0*⅃,pwۉC-bandKu-band1 S '  Ku-bandU  A#R(iBandwidth32 MHz] { A#R8i$Video excursion22 MHz/v[ A#R4i"Mono bandwidth310 KHz[{ 1 A#R4i&Mono de-emphasis50 s] A#R8i&Stereo bandwidth130 KHz]1 A#R8i*Stereo de-emphasis75 s] H A#R8i&Stereo expansionPanda 1$ l " 1H 1p V l 6 L^(ikik~ SpecificationsC-bandX-bandKu-band=(II' , EIRP coverage (dBW)IJ5 8(]ӹwۉC-bandKu-bandThe spacecraft has an R-4D-12 liquid apogee engine. The mass of Telecom 2C is 1120 kg, with a fuel load of 1163 kg giving a launch mass of 2283 kg.Beacons: 12.500 GHz vertical, 12.50225 GHz horizontal; I#K1ہt #KjKTelecom 2DGJjK5 :&J{p" Telecom 2D1 #KK'  Generalg jKLG#^@") Designation24209 / 96044B[K]LA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1996m LLM#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFranceo"]L9MM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsdLMG#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit5Wn!9M NM#jB" &=E+Launch vehicleAriane V90_MN+ &3 Had interference problems with the 1 appart Amos 1 satelliteS-band beacon: 2207.130 MHz8 NN' "(Technical data\%N)O7 >J(ikikSpecificationsC-bandX-band=NfO' , EIRP coverage (dBW)I)OO2 4.(]ӹwۉC-bandKu-band1 fOO'  Ku-bandYOEA#R00OEJ(Main transponders11ZOA#R20,Backup transponders4VEA#R*0Power55 W (TWTA)UJA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzs,G#^X00wۉCoverage and EIRP maxEurope: 52.5 dBW\JA#R60Polarizationlinear H/VZsA#R20Uplink14.0-14.25 GHzK$' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)cs# * X v  HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkAt#2"11.472K114.272΄t#2.14.293K711.493A[t#2"11.514K214.314΄t#2.14.335K811.535[ut#2"11.556K314.356t#2.14.377K911.577ut#2"11.598K414.398t#4 014.419K1011.619t#0"11.640K5144407t#4 014.461K1111.661ĉt#2"11.682K614.482&7# Cĉ-1 u -|Program: TeledesicO|5 :6 D" Program: Teledesic-o2 2/%1/%1Teledesic is a Delaware corporation owned by McCaw Cellular Communications Inc. and Microsoft Corporation. It was founded in 1990 and the FCC application was made in March 1994.Teledesic proposes to construct, launch, and operate a constellation consisting of 840 satellites in non-geostationary satellite orbits. The constellation is organized into 21 circular orbit planes with each plane containing a minimum of 40 active satellites spaced evenly, and up to four operational spares per orbital plane. Additional spares will be constructed to replace failed satellites so that no orbital plane contains fewer than 40 operational satellites at any time. The orbit planes are at a sun-synchronous inclination, 98.2 degrees, which keeps them at a constant angle relative to the sun. These satellites will operate at an altitude between 695 and 700 kilometers (LEO) and will communicate with earth stations operating above a 40 degree elevation angle. |+ $/%1Teledesic was authorized in March 1997 to operate in the United States in the 28.6 - 29.1 GHz (uplink) and 18.8 -19.3 GHz (downlink) band segments for its service links and 27.6-28.4 GHz bands for its "gigalink" gateway terminal uplink and the 17.8-18.6 GHz band for its "gigalink" gateway terminal downlinks. Teledesic will also use inter-satellite linoks (in the 65-71 GHz band) to interconnect each satellite with eight other satellites in the same and adjacent planes.Bo% ;In late April 1997 Boeing decided to invest up to $100 million for 10 percent of the current ownership of Teledesic. As the prime contractor, Boeing will lead an international effort to design, build and launch the Teledesic Network. The estimated contract value will be $9 billion. Boeing proposed to reduce the constellation to 288 satellites using new technology. It is foreseen that Sea Launch will be a major space carrier to setup the Teledesic network. In Oct 1997 it is said that the orbit could be changed to circular, 1375 km. hA.' In May 1998 it was announced that Motorola would cancel its Celestri program and take a 26% stake into Teledesic. This has yet to be approved. Motorola would lead the industrial and technological team comprising Boeing, and MMS.Service is targeted to begin in 2003. Launch vehicles should include Deltas and Soyuz.<j' *O External resources`.. ,http://www.teledesic.comhttp://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/International/Orders/1997/da970527.txt1j)1v )Y&3 6LN5`1Program: TeledesicTeledesic 1< )1w Teledesic 1<, ("" Teledesic 1?9# 8Also called Batsat and T11 j'  Generalg 9G#^@") Designation25234 / 98012B\j-A#R6Launch date26 Feb 1998t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"-M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^nA#R:"Perigee/Apogee535/581 kmVA#R*Inclination97.7TnA#R&Period95.8 minn!M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL[A#R4Launch siteVandenberg' Batsat was the name used to cover the real purpose of the satellite; it was advertised as a small technology satellite to operate in X- and Ka-band.Is reported not to operate as planned.8' "(OTechnical data88' " Specificationsf%A#RJ&Prime contractorOrbital & BoeingW8A#R,PlatformMicrostarYNA#R0"Mass at launch70 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbitONA#RDimensionQAA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN AA#RDC powerU7A#R($Design lifetimeH$$ HCarries a Boeing Ka-band payloadA71@fx Program: TelstarM 5 :2p" Program: Telstar, &IAmerican telecommunication program operated by Loral Skynet after being AT&T SkynetSkynet was sold to Loral in 1997 so the operator will become Loral Skynet. The deal was fixed at $478.1 millio n< K' *O External resources~P. ,http://www.loralskynet.com/http://sulu.lerc.nasa.gov/dglover/telstar.html1K1ey .4. ЀgVckzzzzƵƵƵ͵͵㑑)zzzzzz zzProgram: TelstarTelstar 1Telstar 2Telstar 301Telstar 302Telstar 303Telstar 401Telstar 402Telstar 402RTelstar 5Telstar 6Telstar 7Telstar 81_1Uz _D!.# BTelstar 1 & 2's specificationsV_A#R*0&Prime contractorN GA#R0PlatformYA#R00"Mass at launch80 kgSGA#R$0 Mass in orbitSFA#R$0Diameter86 cmL A#R0HeightXFA#R.0 StabilizationSpin?N 8A#R0DC powerUA#R(0$Design lifetime$8" 11U{ l<# 2Telstar 1 & 2's C-bandXvA#R.0(Main transponders1YA#R00,Backup transpondersN vA#R0Power2 Wa ~A#R@0Bandwidth600 phone circuitsN A#R0CoverageN ~A#R0EIRP maxRlA#R"0Polarization$" 1l1U| 7 [ @ # :Telstar 3's specifications\] A#R60&Prime contractorHughesT A#R&0PlatformHS-376h']  A#RN0"Mass at launch3423 kg (with PAM-D)Y r A#R00 Mass in orbit625 kgT A#R&0Diameter2.16 mZr A#R20Height6.8 m deployedb! A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedX A#R.0DC powerBOL: 800 W] 7 A#R80$Design lifetime10 years$ [ " 17 1U} 8[ # *Telstar 3's C-bandY  A#R00(Main transponders24Y v A#R00,Backup transpondersW A#R,0Power8.5 W (TWTA)Uv "A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzp) G#^R00&ǵCoverage and EIRP maxCONUS: 34 dBW\"A#R60Polarizationlinear H/V$" 1C1~ C=C@# :Telstar 4's specificationsd#C @A#RF0&Prime contractorGE Astro Space @Ua@A#R(0PlatformGE 7000[ @@A#R40"Mass at launch3331 kgSa@AA#R$0 Mass in orbitc"@rAA#RD0Dimension4.08 x 2.22 x 2.54 m\AAA#R60Solar array24.5 m spanYrA'BA#R00 Stabilization3 axisf$ABB#TH0DC powerBOL: 6400 WEOL: 5000 W]'BBA#R80$Design lifetime12 yearsS/B=C$ ^Cross-strapping possible in both directions1BnC1U nCF+F8=CC# *Telstar 4's C-bandYnCCA#R00(Main transponders24ZCYDA#R20,Backup transponders4[CDA#R40Powervariable 11-21 WUYD EA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN DWEA#R0CoverageT EEA#R&0EIRP max38 dBW\WEFA#R60Polarizationlinear H/V$E+F" 1F\F1 \FI9+FF# ,Telstar 4's Ku-bandj)\FFA#RR0(Main transponders16 to 24 (variable)[FZGA#R40,Backup transponders12l+FGA#RV0Power60 W standard, up to 120 W (TWTA)^ZG$HA#R:0Bandwidth54 MHz & 27 MHzN GrHA#R0CoverageT$HHA#R&0EIRP max50 dBWRrHIA#R"0PolarizationHI%  8 transponders can be splited in 16 transponders of 27 MHz. The 120 W transponders are achieved by using the backup transpondersT#IJ1Y JJTelstar 4's Ku-band frequency chartj0IJ: Dbback()"  Telstar 4's Ku-band frequency plan (GHz)&JJ# #mJK#< * X v  ƀȀ HorizontalUplinkHorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkVerticalUplinkNotesJL# 8.2414.030111.730K:M# 8"2411.743214.043LM# 8.2414.090311.790:MN# 8"2411.803414.103)MrO# R.2414.150511.850120 W capable)ND# R"2rODI411.863614.163120 W capable)rO # R.2414.210711.910120 W capable)DЁ# R"2411.923814.223120 W capable: # t*:>@14.2719 (A/B)11.971full or A: 120 W capable;Ё# v,0@B11.98410 (A/B)14.284full or A: 120 W capable;W# v,<@B14.33311 (A/B)12.033full or A: 120 W capable;/# v,0@B12.04612 (A/B)14.346full or A: 120 W capable;W# v,<@B14.39513 (A/B)12.095full or A: 120 W capable;/߆# v,0@B12.10814 (A/B)14.408full or A: 120 W capable;# v,<@B14.45715 (A/B)12.157full or A: 120 W capable;߆# v,0@B12.17016 (A/B)14.470full or A: 120 W capable$" 11W 8^T+8) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&^# 181 ߉P^߉6 <6p"nTelstar 30x's EIRP11 eU߉e6 <@p"oTelstar 4's C-band EIRP11 V e6 "Perigee/Apogee966/10807 kmVA#R*Inclination42.8UDA#R(Period225.3 minr%aM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #18_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[aA#R4"Mass at launch79.5 kg&A# 5v'  End of life\AA#R6"Out of serviceMay 1965&v# 80' "(Technical dataL|0 08utTdSpecificationsC-band< 01j\$ 9Telstar 301H|5 :(p" Telstar 3011 1'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14234 / 83077A\1A#R6Launch date28 Jul 1983t'hM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!h9A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #171_9 A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&1# 2 c'  Location1m#:p   " BeginEndPositioncrj#6p$(*L: 28 Jul 198396W8p#pp,.QQMar 1994Aug 1994107.3W (Anik E2 replacement))rp#Rp,.8鉂Jan 1995Sep 1996see Arabsat 1E&# 5'  End of life\jA#R6"Out of serviceSep 1996&# 8j' "(Technical dataq:97 >tXڀڧ1#ھSpecificationsC-bandTransponder frequency chart< u1 uwTelstar 302H95 :(p" Telstar 3021 u '  General 9g sG#^@") Designation15237 / 84093D[ A#R4Launch date1 Sep 1984t'sBM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!BA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowj}M#j:" &'Launch vehicleSTS 16&# 2 }'  Location_m#:   " BeginEndPosition"j#D"68L: 1 Sep 1984Jan 199785W'_|j#N,.Feb 1997Aug 199797W, inclined&# 5|'  End of life^5A#R:"Out of service5 Sep 1997TA#R&Causedeorbited&5# 8' "(Technical dataQw? N&ǵXډڧ1#ھEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-bandTransponder frequency chart< 1P$  Telstar 303Hw5 :(p" Telstar 3031 ,'  Generalg G#^@") Designation15826 / 85048D\,A#R6Launch date19 Jun 1985t'cM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!c4 A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowj M#j:" &QLaunch vehicleSTS 25&4 # : - */ۀ Location m#:   " BeginEndPosition  j#8$(*L: 19 Jun 1985125W* j#T02< May 1992May 1996123W, inclined  , j#@Jun 1996120W, inclined& R # 8, ' "(Technical dataQR  ? N&ǵXډڧ1#ھEIRP coverage (dBW)SpecificationsC-bandTransponder frequency chart< V 1I V MCTelstar 401H 5 :(p" Telstar 4011 V '  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation22927 / 93077A\ A#R6Launch date16 Dec 1993t'6M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"uM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit97Wq$uO@M#jH"O@ &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas CentaursM@& Entered service on 1 Feb 1994The loss is evaluated about $132.5 million5O@@'  End of life_@VAA#R<"Out of service11 Jan 1997h'@AA#RNCausedestroyed by a magnetic storm&VAA# 8AB' "(Technical datajABE Z8ڀ1iXd#ھ@SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chartKu-band Transponder frequency chart=BC' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EBMC0 0*_εr)C-bandKu-band< CC1 CCITelstar 402HMCC5 :(p" Telstar 4021 CD'  Generalg CiDG#^@") Designation23249 / 94058A[DDA#R4Launch date9 Sep 1994t'iD8EM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"DEM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsr18EFA#Rb,Geostationary orbitwas expected in slot 89Wn!EFM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V67:FF$ ,Cost: $200 million5FF'  End of life^FTGA#R:"Out of service9 Sep 1994q*FGG#^T CauseExplosion after pressurisationTGH% The second of two pyrovalve firings to enable its propulsion system set off an explosion and a disastrous leak. A lawsuit by AT&T and a countersuit by Lockheed Martin were settled out of court in 1995 on this subject.8GH' "(Technical datajHIE Z8ڀ1iXd#ھ@SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandTransponder frequency chartKu-band Transponder frequency chart= HI1I+ I4JÀTelstar 402RII4J5 :*p" Telstar 402RJ'I~J# NWas renamed Telstar 4 on 28 Feb 19971 4JJ'  Generalg ~JKG#^@") Designation23670 / 95049A\JrKA#R6Launch date24 Sep 1995t'KKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"rKULM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]KLA#R8,Geostationary orbit89Wn!UL MM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V78'LGO5 8zz͵Started serving on 1st December 1995.A Canadian company, Tee-Comm Electronics, created AlphaStar in March 1995 by leasing more than half the 24 Ku-band transponders on Telstar 402R. The new service to 61-cm home antennas, offers 110 television and 20 audio channels. It will be expanded to over 200 channels in 1997 using Telstar 5. Customers in Alaska and Hawaii will also be served via slightly larger (76-cm) antennas.The satellite was renamed Telstar 4 after the loss of Telstar 4018 MO' "(Technical dataqGOAE Z8ڀ1iXd#ھ@SpecificationsC-bandKu-bandC-band Transponder freOAIquency chartKu-band Transponder frequency chart=O~' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EAÀ0 0*_εr)C-bandKu-band: ~12 CDTelstar 5FÀC5 :$p" Telstar 51 t'  Generalg CہG#^@") Designation24812 / 97026A\t7A#R6Launch date24 May 1997t'ہM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"7M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationseG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit97Wo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #247E!3$ BEntered service in early July8k' "(OTechnical data=3' , EIRP coverage (dBW)Ek0 0*9D4uljC-bandKu-band8%' " Specificationsi(A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralU%A#R(PlatformFS-1300T7A#R&"Mass at launchSA#R$ Mass in orbitO7نA#RDimensionQ*A#R Solar arrayYنA#R0 Stabilization3 axisT*ׇA#R&DC power3200 W]4A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&ׇZ# 0 4'  C-bandYZA#R0(Main transponders24Y<A#R0,Backup transpondersOA#RPower16 WU<A#R(Bandwidth36 MHzh'HA#RNCoverageUS (50 states) + Caribbean^D#XEIRP maxCONUS: 37 dBWAlaska: 32 dBWHawaii: 36 dBWPuerto Rico/US Virgin Islands: 33 dBW\HFA#R6Polarizationlinear H/V&l# 1 F'  Ku-bandYlA#R0(Main transponders28YOA#R0,Backup transpondersPA#RPower100 W@O!B#TBandwidth24 transponders of 27 MHz4 transponders of 54 MHzCA#RCoverageUS (50 states) + Caribbean, Mexico and Southern Canada!{G#\EIRP maxCONUS: 46.5 dBWAlaska: 42 dBWHawaii: 45.5 dBWPuerto Rico/US Virgin Islands: 44.7 dBWMexico: 43.5 dBWSouthern Canada: 44.5 dBW\׎A#R6Polarizationlinear H/VmI{D$ Ku-band: No variable power nor cross-strapping like on the 40x series1׎u1W uɏ T+Dɏ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&u # ɏ D1ɏ=1 =U 6 <@zz"qTelstar 5's C-band EIRP1=1W =T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=# 1n1 nV =6 T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&># 1o1 oW'>0 0P"tTelstar 6's Ku-band EIRP coverage1o1W KqT+K) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&q# : K1< ـ  @Telstar 7Fq5 :$p" Telstar 71 "'  GeneralY{G#^$") Designation["A#R4Launch dateearly 1999t'{JM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^JA#R:,Geostationary orbit129WjM#j:" &2!Launch vehicleAriane`<$ xCould be cancelled due to FCC refusal for expansion slot8' "(OTechnical data=V' , EIRP coverage (dBW)E0 0*ǀljC-bandKu-band8V' " SpecificationsV)A#R*&Prime contractorN wA#RPlatformT)A#R&"Mass at launchSwA#R$ Mass in orbitOmA#RDimensionQA#R Solar arraySm A#R$ StabilizationN _ A#RDC powerU A#R($Design lifetime&_ # 0 '  C-bandY c A#R0(Main transponders24Y A#R0,Backup transpondersOc A#RPower16 WO Z A#RBandwidthN A#RCoverageN Z A#REIRP maxM C A#RG/T maxR A#R"Polarization&C # 1 '  Ku-bandY E A#R0(Main transponders28Y A#R0,Backup transpondersPE A#RPower100 Wf$ TB#THBandwidth4 x 54 MHz24 x 27 MHzN A#RCoverageN TA#REIRP maxM =A#RG/T maxRA#R"PolarizationmI= @$ Ku-band: No variable power nor cross-strapping like on the 40x series @q1=@1W =@@@T+ @@) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=@@# 1@@1 @>AV&@>A0 0N"uTelstar 7's C-band EIRP coverage1@oA1W oAAAT+>AA) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&oAA# 1AB1 BqBW'AqB0 0P"vTelstar 7's Ku-band EIRP coverage1BB1W BBCT+qBB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BC# : BVC1 VCC DTelstar 8FCC5 :$p" Telstar 8pMVC D# Should be a ground backup for satellites of the 5 to 7 series, same design1C=D1W =DDDT+ DD) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&=DD# 8DD1r D/EMTemisat@D/E2 4"  Temisat@DoE# :Telespazio Micro Satellite1 /EE'  Generalg oEFG#^@") Designation22783 / 93055BPEFG#^s kLaunch date31 Aug 1993 at 04:40 UT, released at 15:20 UT from Meteor 2-21lF GM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyXFbGA#R.OperatorTelespazioo" GGM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^bG/HA#R:"Perigee/Apogee932/967 kmVGHA#R*Inclination82.5S/HHA#R$Period104 minr%HJIM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #106V2HI$ dWill relay environmental data from field sites8JII' "(OTechnical data8IJ' " Specificationsc"IsJA#RD&Prime contractorKayser-Threde_JJA#R<"Mass at launch30 or 42 kgc"sJ5KA#RDDimension0.35 x 0.35 x 0.35 mj)JKA#RR Stabilization3 axis (magnetotorquer)\5KKA#R6$Design lifetime5 years&K!L# 1 KRL'  Payloadg%!LLB#TJFrequency148-150 MHz137-138 MHzu3RL.MB#TfUplink10 channels (9 simultaneously)1200 baudDLMB#TDownlink6 channels (3 simultaneously)2 x 4800 baud + 1200 baud$.MM" ?MN1fy NbNProgram: TempoKMbN5 :.v" Program: Tempo[N. *fgDBS satellite program operated by Tempo Satellite Inc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tsat. Aimed at direct TV broadcasting to Conus, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. 2 satellites planned. Since TCI couldn't get its own GEO slot, one satellite will be located at 119W and the second sold to another DBS-wannabe operator. TCI even tried to operate a DBS service frombNM a Canadian slot, but the FCC refused.In mid-1997 a partership with Primestar was announced that would lead to the transfer of Tempo to Primestar Inc. Primestar would become the holder of the DBS licences. FCC approval still neededL(bNC$ PThe 2 satellites costed $487 million<' *O External resources@C' 2http://www.tcinc.com/11 Rb(R: DPpqProgram: TempoTempo 1Tempo 211: DRǂ) "6Tempo's specificationsi(0A#RP&Prime contractorSpace Systems/LoralUǂA#R(PlatformFS 1300[0A#R4"Mass at launch3558 kgS3A#R$ Mass in orbitOA#RDimensionZ3܄A#R2Solar array30 m spanS/A#R$ StabilizationU܄A#R(DC power10000 W]/A#R8$Design lifetime10 years&  Solar pannels provided by DasaTelemetry and command: 12.201 GHz, 12.202 GHz, 12.203 GHz and 12.204 GHz, with a 450 kHz bandwidth11W 7T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&7# 1h1 hO=7) "(Tempo's Ku-bandYhA#R0(Main transponders32YWA#R0,Backup transpondersWA#R,Power107 W (TWTA)UWA#R(Bandwidth24 MHzTWA#R&CoverageCONUS+N A#REIRP maxRWA#R"PolarizationX4O$ hCan be operated as 16 transponders of 214 W each11W ԊT+OԊ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 8Ԋ21uO 2vTempo 1Dv5 : v" Tempo 11 2'  GeneralYvG#^$") Designationd#dA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Jun 1996t'،M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"dGM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^،A#R:,Geostationary orbit119WjGM#j:" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton&5# 8m' "(Technical dataM50 0:⬚GO,T(SpecificationsKu-band1m1W ?eT+?) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&e# 8?1 3Tempo 2De5 : v" Tempo 21 ' e Generalg G#^@") Designation24748 / 97011A[A#R4Launch date8 Mar 1997t'TM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!T%A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belows&M#jL" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2A (#106)?%' 1The satellite experienced solar flare after launch (11 Apr 1997) and its solar arrays have experienced problems. The satellite is said to suffer from "temporary power fluctuations". It is also claimed that the satellite was not operating normally before the solar flare. Up to 4 transponders might be out of order.TSAT did not accept the satellite (as of Nov 1997) since it is believed that only 85% of the design output power can be achieved. It the satellite is not usable, SS/L has 29 months to provide a replacement satellite.: - */ۀ Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition%*j#J"68L: 8 Mar 1997Apr 1997109.5Wj#4 $&mid-Apr 1997119W8*' "(Technical dataM30 0:⬚GO,T(SpecificationsKu-band9l1- r lTerriers9 3, (" TerrierszlB# Tomographic Experiment using Radiative Recombinative Ionospheric EUV and Radio Sources, also called STEDI 2 and UNEX 021 s'  GeneralYBG#^$") DesignationUs!A#R(Launch date1997t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States`!G#^2"H̀MissionScientific:i(^A#RP"Perigee/Apogeesunsynchronous (9:00)QA#R InclinationL ^A#RPeriod\WG#^*" &Launch vehicleQA#R Launch siteW' The satellite bus is being built by AeroAstro while the instrument package is produced by the Center for Space Physics at Boston University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champain (UIUC). Cleveland Heights High School is also constructing a small experiment to go on the satellite.Terriers primary goal is to, for the first time, demonstrate meridional 2-D (latitude-altitude)and global 3D imaging of the ionospheric electron density and thermospheric photo-emission profiles using EUV emissions and tomographic techniques. Secondary goals of Terriers focus on the study of several ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena through the use of this novel combination of techniques and observations. As a tertiary goal, Terriers will test the utility of long term solar EUV irradiance measurements using a new technique that we have recently proven on a sounding rocket. GISSMO measures the solar EUV, one of the primary sources for the upper atmosphere.<' *O External resourcesS,0' Xhttp://03net.bu.edu/terriers/terriers.html8h' "(OTechnical data80' " SpecificationsVhA#R*&Prime contractorN DA#RPlatformZA#R2"Mass at launch121 kgSDA#R$ Mass in orbitO@A#RDimensionQA#R Solar arrayS@A#R$ StabilizationN 2A#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetime&2# 11W 2XT+2) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&X# A21y Program: ThaicomQX8 @4," Program: Thaicomx) "yɺThai telecommunication program operated by Shinawatra, a national operator which has secured a 30-year concession. 11 JFJH `v胀FˀGˉHˉIˉProgram: ThaicomThaicom 1Thaicom 2Thaicom 3Thaicom 41{1U {J n D!J# BThaicom 1 & 2's specifications\{A#R60&Prime contractorHughesUpA#R(0PlatformHS-376L[A#R40"Mass at launch1080 kgYp$A#R00 Mass in orbit629 kgTxA#R&0Diameter2.16 mZ$A#R20Height6.6 m deployedb!x4 A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilizedX A#R.0DC powerBOL: 700 W]4 A#R80$Design lifetime10 yearsa J A#R@0Apogee motorThiokol Star 30$ n " 1J 1U / S <n # 2Thaicom 1 & 2's C-bandY 4 A#R00(Main transponders10Z A#R20,Backup transponders2O4 A#R0Power11 WU 2 A#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzQ B#T00Coverage and EIRP maxSouth Eastern Asia: 37 dBWA spot covers central Europej(2 / B#TP0Polarization1: V linear2: H linear$ S " 1/ 1U @0@=S # 4Thaicom 1 & 2's Ku-bandX A#R.0(Main transponders2Z sA#R20,Backup transponders1VA#R*0Power47 W (TWTA)UsA#R(0Bandwidth54 MHzs,G#^X00XCCoverage and EIRP maxThailand: 50 dBWj( @B#TP0Polarization1: H linear2: V linear @S $0@" 1 @a@1 a@@Z$0@@6 LI u⬇aA>SpecificationsC-bandKu-band=F G' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EFeG0 0*o9XCC-bandKu-band1 GG1 GGUeGG6 <@Fˀ"xThaicom 1's C-band EIRP: G%H1' %HkHNLThaicom 2FGkH5 :$," Thaicom 21 %HH'  Generalg kHIG#^@") Designation23314 / 94065B[H^IA#R4Launch date8 Oct 1994o"IIM#jD"N ,)`Country of originThailando"^ILI u⬇aA>SpecificationsC-bandKu-band=oK L' , EIRP coverage (dBW)EKNL0 0*ÇXCC-bandKu-band1 LL1 LLUNLL6 <@Gˀ"yThaicom 2's C-band EIRP: LM1(T MTM*Thaicom 3FLTM5 :$," Thaicom 31 MM'  Generalg TMMG#^@") Designation24768 / 97016A\MHNA#R6Launch date16 Apr 1997o"MNM#jD"N ,)`Country of originThailando"HN&OM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications_NOA#R<,Geostationary orbit78.5En!&O M#jB" &8E+Launch vehicleAriane V95O LkO& Cost: over $200 million (including satellite, launch, ground stations and insurance)test slot: 87.5E8 Հ' "(OTechnical data=' , EIRP coverage (dBW)i2Հ{7 >d~RvRvSvC-band, quasi globalC-band, zoneKu-band8' " Specificationsb!{A#RB&Prime contractorAerospatiale\qA#R6PlatformSpacebus 3000A[̂A#R4"Mass at launch2650 kgUq!A#R(Dry Mass1179 kgc"̂A#RDDimension3.25 x 2.26 x 3.48 m]!A#R8Solar array26.27 m spanY:A#R0 Stabilization3-axisYA#R0DC powerBOL: 6400 W]:A#R8$Design lifetime14 years&# 0 F'  C-bandYA#R0(Main transponders24YFA#R0,Backup transponders^VB#T8Power6 x 42 W18 x 19 WUA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzsV`B#T,Coverage & EIRP maxQuasi global: 37.5 dBW (6 transponders in 3.4 - 3.7 GHz range)Zone (sub continent): 38 dBWXA#R.Polarizationlinear&`އ# R+0' V C-band transponder frequency chart (GHz)Dއ#܀ . L vx HorizontalDownlinkTransponderVerticalDownlinkBeam0#Ҁ2 "Rv1VE3.425Zone.#Ҁ2 "Rv2VE3.465Zone!Њ#ҀB "~Rv3.4801HEQuasi global.j#Ҁ2 "Rv3VE3.505Zone!Њ #ҀB "~Rv3.5202HEQuasi globalj#Ҁ2 "Rv4VE3.545Zone! H#ҀB "~Rv3.5603HEQuasi global#Ҁ2 "Rv5VE3.585Zone!H#ҀB "~Rv3.6004HEQuasi global#Ҁ2 "Rv6VE3.625Zone!#ҀB "~Rv3.6405HEQuasi global!n#ҀBnL "~Rv3.6806HEQuasi global #؀4 ""Rv1VS3.720Zonen#؀4 ""Rv2VS3.760Zone H#؀4 ""Rv3VS3.800Zone#؀4 ""Rv4VS3.840ZoneH#؀4 ""Rv5VS3.880Zone"#؀4 ""Rv6VS3.920Zone#؀4 ""Rv7VS3.960Zone"^#؀4 ""Rv8VS4.000Zone#؀4 ""Rv9VS4.040Zone^#؀6""$Rv10VS4.080Zone:#؀6""$Rv11VS4.120Zone#؀6""$Rv12VS4.160Zone&:# 1 0'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders14Y0A#R0,Backup transpondersP2A#RPower100 WUA#R(Bandwidth36 MHzB2 B#T,Coverage & EIRP maxThailand: 55 dBWIndia (steerable): 50 dBWXcA#R.Polarizationlinearb! A#RBFrequencies12.25 - 12.75 GHzU1c$ bOnly 38 transponders can be on simultaneouslyS,m' X Ku-band transponder frequency chart (GHz).#؀\  2 JL UplinkTransponderDownlinkBeam0m{#ƀ`0214.01985512.2718Thailand or steerable0u{#ƀ`0214.06135612.3133Thailand or steerable0 {#ƀ`0214.10245712.3548Thailand or steerable0u{#ƀ`0214.14435812.3963Thailand or steerable# i{#ƀF0214.18585912.4378Thailand#{#ƀF0214.22736012.4793ThaiLiland#i{#ƀF0214.26886112.5208Thailand#O{#ƀF0214.31036212.5623Thailand#{#ƀF0214.35136312.6038Thailand#O{#ƀF0214.40556412.6575Thailand#){#ƀF0214.46816512.7201Thailand${#ƀH0214.20666612.4586steerable$)g{#ƀH0214.24816712.5001steerable${#ƀH0214.28966812.5416steerable$g*" 1[1W [T+*) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&[# 11 lf0l6 "Mass at launch2600/2700 kgSrA#R$ Mass in orbitL A#RLengthK r@A#R@ WidthL a@A#RHeightS@@A#R$ StabilizationN a@AA#RDC powerU@WAA#R($Design lifetimesOAA$ The 2 C-band and 3 Ku-band antennas are manufactured by Spar Aerospace Ltd.0 WAA'  C-bandYASBA#R0(Main transponders24YABA#R0,Backup transpondersK SBBA#RPowerOBFCA#RBandwidthGBCB#T,Coverage & EIRP maxThailand: ?Vietnam to Western Europe: 34.5 dBWRFC!DA#R"Polarization&CGD# 1 !DxD'  Ku-bandYGDDA#R0(Main transponders12YxD*EA#R0,Backup transpondersK DuEA#RPowerO*EEA#RBandwidthN uEFA#RCoverageN E`FA#REIRP maxRFFA#R"Polarization$`FF" 1FG1W G[GGT+F[G) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&GG# > [GG1 G HHProgram: ThorJG H5 :,⨧G" Program: Thor_GH+ &[sNamed for Norwegian explorer Thor HeyerdahlTelecommunication program operated by Telenor1 HH1 H3Io.H3IA R\fOgOhOProgram: ThorThor 1Thor 2Thor 37HjI1w jIIBLThor 1C3II5 :⨧G" Thor 11 jII'  General[I9JG#^(SOld nameBSB 2[IJG#^(鉂CountryNorwayf9JJM#j2"H̀‰MissionDirect TVfJ`KG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit0.8W>JK$ 4Bought for $42 million8`KK' "(Technical datal4KBL8 @h; ٹZfܢaEIRP Coverage (dBW)SpecificationsKu-band1KsL1| sLLKBLL6 <,fO"}Thor 1's EIRP7sLL1Y L8MhThor 2CL8M5 :⨧G" Thor 21 LiM'  Generalg 8MMG#^@") Designation24808 / 97025A\iM,NA#R6Launch date20 May 1997m MNM#j@"N ,鉂Country of originNorwayo",NOM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsdNlOG#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit1Wp#OOM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #243@lO($ 8O(LTo be delivered in orbit8O`' "(Technical dataA() "0ⰬEIRP Coverage (dBW)8`ـ' " Specifications\5A#R6&Prime contractorHughesi(ـA#RPPlatformHS-376HP (49th to be built)T5A#R&"Mass at launchSEA#R$ Mass in orbitOA#RDimensionc"EA#RDSolar array(gallium arsenide)b!YA#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedYA#R0DC powerEOL: 1400 W]YA#R8$Design lifetime11 years&5# 1 f'  Ku-bandY5A#R0(Main transponders15YfA#R0,Backup transpondersVnA#R*Power40 W (TWTA)UÅA#R(Bandwidth26 MHzen(G#^<ⰬCoverageNorthern EuropeTÅ|A#R&EIRP max52 dBW\(؆A#R6Polarizationlinear H/V|% A wiring error in the antenna waveguides at construction time cause the polarization to be reverse. Financial compensation is expected.K$؆Ӈ' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz),`a#X  > TransponderPolarizationFrequencydӇĈR#t$1V11.215625d`(R#t$2H11.228625dĈR#t$3V11.246875d(R#t$4H11.260750dTR#t$5V11.278125dR#t$6H11.292875dTR#t$7V11.309375dR#t$8H11.325000dR#t$9V11.340625eIR#t& 10H11.357125eR#t& 11V11.371875eIR#t& 12H11.389250exR#t& 13V11.403125eݍR#t& 14H11.421375exBR#t& 15V11.434375&ݍh# 1B1| Kh6 <,gO"~Thor 2's EIRP71w ^2Thor 3C^5 :⨧G" Thor 31 '  Generalg ^ G#^@") Designation25358 / 98035A \hA#R6Launch date10 Jun 1998m M#j@"N ,鉂Country of originNorwayo"hDM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit0.8Wp#DM#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #258c$ Delivered in orbit. The contract for this satellite has an option for another Hughes satellite8' "(Technical dataA) "0k؆EIRP Coverage (dBW)8R' " Specifications\A#R6&Prime contractorHughesVRA#R*PlatformHS-376HPTXA#R&"Mass at launchSA#R$ Mass in orbitOXA#RDimensionQKA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationTKA#R&DC power1400 W_QA#R<$Design lifetime11.5 yearsJ&$ Lhas a Thiokol Star 30 apogee motor1 Q'  Ku-bandY%A#R0(Main transponders14Y~A#R0,Backup transpondersO%A#RPower47 WU~"A#R(Bandwidth33 MHzt-G#^Zk؆CoverageScandinavia and central EuropeJ "A#REIRPR2A#R"Polarizationj)A#RRFrequenciesdownlink: 11.7 - 12.5 GHz(2$ K$' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz),a#X  > TransponderPolarizationFrequencyaR#t1V11.727a^R#t2H11.747aR#t6H11.823b^!R#t  18H12.054bR#t  23V12.149b!R#t  24H12.169bGR#t  27V12.226bR#t  28H12.245bG R#t  31V12.303bmR#t  32H12.322b R#t  35V12.380bm1R#t  36H12.399bR#t  39V12.456b1 R#t  40H12.476 &2# 1 c1| cK26 <,hO"Thor 3's EIRPAc15 04Program: ThurayaA0, (," Program: Thuraya2, &cThuraya means "Chandelier", a space constellationProject of Etisalat, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) telecommunications firm (60% government-owned) to launch a one billion dollar satellite system to boost its mobile telephones network. The operator will be Thuraya Satellite Telecommunications Co. Other share holders include Arabsat, Hughes, and the Abu Dhabi Investment Co. Lybia's General Post and Telecommunication has a 5% stake in the project ($25 million)q0' The satellite system, named Thuraya, will provide services to UAE users of Two-way mobile telephones compatible with the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). The system will make services available to remote sea and rural areas and will cover most Arab states, parts of the Indian subcontinent and Europe. Two satellites are planned, the first one expected in orbit in mid-2000. Launches via Sea Launch or Ariane or ProtonThe satellite is expected to handle between 1.75 million and 2.4 million subscribers by 2005. A second satellite would add another 40 percent capacity if demand required it (ground spare)2' CTotal cost for the project as planned: $1 billion Prime contractor: Hughessingle 12.25 m diameter antenna on board to be built by Astro Aerospace (Canada)<' *O External resourcesf84. ,phttp://www.thuraya.com/http://www.etisalat.co.ae/1e1W eT+4) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&e# 61'N KATimed6 K, (" Timed^;# vThermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energy and Dynamics1 K'  GeneralY3 G#^$") Designationd# A#RFLaunch datePlanned in May 2000t'3 M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesZ e G#^&OperatorNASAa G#^4"H̀MissionScientific: Ze A#R2"Perigee/Apogee600 kmV v A#R*Inclination74.4L A#RPeriodkv - M#j<" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2Q ~ A#R Launch site=- ' -It will obtain global measurements of geophysical parameters of the lower thermosphere, ionosphere, and mesosphere and will be used to determine the seasonal and annual variations of these regions.Design and development: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory<~ ' *O External resourcesJ# A' Fhttp://sd-www.jhuapl.edu/TIMED/1 r1W rT+A) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&r# ?+1Z  +vHProgram: TirosKv5 :.u" Program: TirosxE+A3 4 :ܗ+Television and Infra Red Observation SatelliteAmerican meteorological programIn 1vA960, Tiros 1, the first true weather satellite, was launched. With each succeeding generation of satellites, remote sensing instruments became increasingly sophisticated and today's high quality pictures are a far cry from the first tentative trials.TIROS was a simple hatbox-shaped craft carrying special television cameras that viewed Earth's cloud cover from a 450 mile orbit. The pictures radioed back to Earth provided meteorologists with a new tool - a nephanalysis, or cloud chart.bvD' By 1965, nine more TIROS satellites were launched. They had progressively longer operational times, carried infrared radiometers to study Earth's heat distribution, and several were placed in polar orbits to increase picture coverage over the first TIROS in its near-equatorial orbit.TIROS 8 had the first Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) equipment that allowed pictures to be sent back right after they were taken instead of having to be stored for later transmission. Eventually, APT pictures could be received on fairly simple ground stations anywhere in the world, even in high school classrooms.AbG9 @MBOUUTɑTIROS 9 and 10 were test satellites of improved configurations for the Tiros Operational Satellite (TOS) system. Operational use started in 1966. In orbit, the TOS satellites were called ESSA. TOS satellites were placed in Sun-synchronous orbits, so they passed over the same position on Earth's surface at exactly the same time each day; this allowed meteorologists to view local cloud changes on a 24-hour basis.Several ITOS (for Improved TOS satellites) have been launched since 1970 and are the workhorses of the meteorologists. In orbit they are called NOAA for the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration which is responsible for their operation.<DG' *O External resourcesd=bGH' zhttp://thunder.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/tirosindex.html1G3H17 3H9IH9Iz €:ܗ+;ܗ+<ܗ+=ܗ+>ܗ+?ܗ+@ܗ+Aܗ+Bܗ+ڗ+?Program: TirosTiros 01Tiros 02Tiros 03Tiros 04Tiros 05Tiros 06Tiros 07Tiros 08Tiros 09Tiros 10Tiros N93HrI1N rII NTiros 01E9II5 :"u" Tiros 011 rII'  Generalg IOJG#^@") Designation00029 / 60002B[IJA#R4Launch date1 Apr 1960t'OJKM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshJKM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^KKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee656/696 kmVK:LA#R*Inclination48.4TKLA#R&Period98.3 minm :LLM#j@" &=v퉂Launch vehicleThor Able_LZMA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral\LMA#R6"Mass at launch119.5 kgW3ZM N$ fTransmits the first pictures of the cloud cover9MFN1 FNNpTiros 02E NN5 :"u" Tiros 021 FNN'  Generalg N#OG#^@") Designation00063 / 60016A\NOA#R6Launch date23 Nov 1960t'#O M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesO NhOtM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^ ҀA#R:"Perigee/Apogee546/610 kmVt(A#R*Inclination48.5TҀ|A#R&Period96.2 minq$(M#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #3_|LA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$p" 9L1N Tiros 03Ep5 :"u" Tiros 031 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation00162 / 61017A\A#R6Launch date12 Jul 1961t'VM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^VA#R:"Perigee/Apogee723/790 kmVrA#R*Inclination47.9SŅA#R$Period100 minq$r6M#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #5_ŅA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$6" 91 7Tiros 04E75 :"u" Tiros 041 h'  Generalg 7χG#^@") Designation00226 / 62002A[h*A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1962t'χM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh*M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^dA#R:"Perigee/Apogee693/811 kmVA#R*Inclination48.3TdA#R&Period99.9 minq$M#jH" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #7_ފA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$" 9ފ;1 ;MTiros 05E5 :"u" Tiros 051 ;'  Generalg G#^@") Designation00309 / 62025A\tA#R6Launch date19 Jun 1962t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshtPM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee571/889 kmVPA#R*Inclination58.1TXA#R&Period99.4 minr%ʎM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #10_X)A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$ʎM" 9)1$ ˏTiros 06EMˏ5 :"u" Tiros 061 '  Generalˏ Mg ˏsG#^@") Designation00397 / 62047A\ A#R6Launch date18 Sep 1962t'sCM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^C A#R:"Perigee/Apogee639/645 kmV_A#R*Inclination58.3T A#R&Period97.6 minr%_%M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #12_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$%" 91N &Tiros 07E&5 :"u" Tiros 071 W'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation00604 / 63024A\WA#R6Launch date19 Jun 1963t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^TA#R:"Perigee/Apogee275/281 kmVA#R*Inclination58.2TTA#R&Period90.1 minr%pM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #19_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&p# 5*'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay3 Jun 1994$*" 91 !Tiros 08E!5 :"u" Tiros 081 R'  Generalg !G#^@") Designation00716 / 63054A\RA#R6Launch date21 Dec 1963t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^OA#R:"Perigee/Apogee669/703 kmVA#R*Inclination58.5TOA#R&Period98.5 minr%kM#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #22_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral\k&A#R6"Mass at launch102.4 kgw* $ The APT (Automatic Puncture Transmission) camera enabled, for the first time, small antennas to receive pictures.9&1QN E\Tiros 09EE5 :"u" Tiros 091 v'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation00978 / 65004A\v9A#R6Launch date22 Jan 1965t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh9!M#j6"H̀l/Miss!ionMeteorology_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee702/2563 kmV!A#R*Inclination96.4U+A#R(Period118.9 minr%M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #28_+A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral`<\$ xTest satellite for the Tiros Operational Satellite (TOS)91Q \Tiros 10E\5 :"u" Tiros 101  '  Generalg rG#^@") Designation01430 / 65051A[ A#R4Launch date2 Jul 1965t'rAM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateshM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^AA#R:"Perigee/Apogee721/807 kmV]A#R*Inclination98.8UA#R(Period100.1 minr%]$M#jJ" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #32_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral`<$$ xTest satellite for the Tiros Operational Satellite (TOS)8' "(OTechnical dataA\# <Can be heard at 136.235 MHz81U  @Tiros ND\5 : u" Tiros N1  '  Generalg pG#^@") Designation11060 / 78096A\ A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1978t'p@ M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesh M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^@  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee829/845 kmV \ A#R*Inclination98.7U A#R(Period101.7 mink\  M#j<" &26Launch vehicleAtlas F[ w A#R4Launch siteVandenbergk  $ Was a research and development spacecraft serving as a protoflight for the operational follow-on series8w > ' "(OTechnical data8 v ' " Specificationsd#> A#RF&Prime contractorGE Astro SpaceUv / A#R(PlatformTiros N[ A#R4"Mass at launch~720 kgS/ A#R$ Mass in orbitT 1A#R&Diameter1.88 mR A#R"Heigth3.71 m_1A#R<Solar array1 single panelS5A#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC powerU5A#R($Design lifetime$ @"  @\6B@1 N B@x@^JTmsat6 @x@, (" Tmsat:B@@# .Thai micro satellite1 x@@'  Generalg @JAG#^@") Designation25396 / 98043C\@AA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1998o"JABM#jD"N ,)`Country of originThailandkABM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingp/BBA#R^"Perigee/Apogee821 km sun-synchronous orbitUBECA#R(Inclination110VBCA#R*Period90 minutesiECDM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitYC]DA#R0Launch siteTyuratamDF' Was built by Thai engineers at the University of Surrey in Britain and it will operate in a low-earth orbit to monitor forest fires and water pollution and forecast weather.TMSAT is under funding by The Thai Micro Satellite Company Co.,Ltd.(TMSC), that is a new joint venture between Mahanakorn University of Technology (MUT) and Thai Satellite Telecommunication (TSC) of Bangkok, Thailand. <]DMF' *O External resourcesc<FF' xhttp://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT/missions/tmsat/8MFF' "(OTechnical data8F G' " SpecificationsbFGG#^6&kdgPrime contractorSSTLN GGA#RPlatformZG*HA#R2"Mass at launch150 kgSG}HA#R$ Mass in orbitO*HHA#RDimensionQ}HIA#R Solar arraySHpIA#R$ StabilizationN IIA#RDC powerUpIJA#R($Design lifetimeK'I^J$ NTMSAT has a downlink on 436.925 MHz5JJ1 O JJTOMS= ^JJ2 4"  TOMSG!JK& B Total Ozone Mapping Satellite1 JHK'  Generalg KKG#^@") Designation23940 / 96037A[HK LA#R4Launch date2 Jul 1996t'K~LM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesk LLM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingk*~LTMA#RT"Perigee/Apogee500 km (sunsynchronous)VLMA#R*Inclination97.4TTMMA#R&Period96.7 minr%MpNM#jJ" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL #12M%%  TOMS will focus on tropospheric ozone, to monitor its depletion. It measures total ozone by observing both incoming solar energy and backscattered ultraviolet radiation at six wavelengths. Backscattered radiation is solar radiation that has penetrated the Earth's lower atmosphere and been reflected by air molecules and clouds back through the stratosphere to pN%^Jthe satellite sensors. <pNa' *O External resourcesm%. ,http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/earthsci/toms.htmhttp://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov&a"# 8Z' "(OTechnical data8"' " SpecificationsYZA#R0&Prime contractorTRWXCA#R.PlatformSTEP/EagleZA#R2"Mass at launch261 kgYCA#R0 Mass in orbit215 kgZPA#R2Dimension2.4 x 3.9 mQA#R Solar arrayYPA#R0 Stabilization3 axisSMA#R$DC power128 W\A#R6$Design lifetime2 yearsM: BW;C۫ kisSingle instrument: TOMS which already flew on Nimbus 7 (1978) and Meteor 3-05 (1991). It should also fly on Adeos 1Telemetry: 2273.50 MHz (3 downlink rates: 1.1 kbps, 50 kbps, 200 kbps)Command: 2093.51 MHz?1: ;Topex Poseidon?;, ((" Topex PoseidonA|# < ocean TOPography EXperiment1 ;'  Generalg |G#^@") Designation22076 / 92052A\pA#R6Launch date10 Aug 19924S#vh"N (,㱭+㹌לCountry of originFrance and United StatesYpPA#R0OperatorNASA & CNESkM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing`PA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1330/1342 kmToA#R&Inclination66UĉA#R(Period112.4 minfo*J#d8"Orbital cycle10 daysn!ĉM#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V52*`( AMission: global ocean circulation, ocean currents, tides and surface topographyCost: $480 millionThe inclined orbit samples from 66 North to 66 South latitude: it allows the satellite to observe 90% of the ice-free oceans and all major straits. The orbit is not sun-synchronous and is prograde. The repeat-cycle is about 10 days, ie the satellite passes vertically over the same location in a 1-kilometer bandwidth every 10 days. It has been chosen to optimize the study of the temporal large scale oceanic variability. The distance between successive tracks is on the order of 310 km at the Equator. The local time of successive passes shifts by nearly two hours. <' *O External resourcesC`ߍ' 8http://osb3.wff.nasa.gov8' "(OTechnical data8ߍO' " Specifications[A#R&Prime contractorJet Propulsion Laboratory (+ bus: Fairchild, Poseidon: Alcatel Espace)i(OTA#RPPlatformMultiMission Spacecraft bus[A#R4"Mass at launch2100 kgTTA#R&DC power1500 WYhA#R0 Stabilization3 axis\A#R6$Design lifetime4 years[hE& Telemetry: 2287.5 MHz (realtime 1/16 kbps)Command: 2106.5 MHz (realtime 1/0.125 kbps)P3 6   ALT (dual frequency radar altimeter) / NRA (NASA Radar Altimeter) (Topex)u3E=B#TfFrequencies5.3 GHz (C-band)13.6 GHz (Ku-band)VA#R*Resolution2-3 cm=i+ $W㖯NRA (206 Kg including redundance, 237 W) is the primary sensor for the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission. It has been provided by NASA. It is the fifth generation of altimeter (see Seasat and Geosat altimeters). The measurements made at the two frequencies are combined to obtain altimeter height of the satellite above the sea (altimeter range), the wind speed magnitude, the significant wave height and the ionospheric correction.qD- *  SSALT (Single-frequency Solid-state Radar Altimeter) (Poseidon)b!i<A#RBFrequency13.65 GHz (Ku-band)VA#R*Resolution2-5 cmV1<% cSSALT (23 Kg without redundance, 49 W) validates the new technology of a low-power, light-weight altimeter for future Earth observing missions. It has been provided by the French Space Agency (CNES). It shares the same antenna as the NRA, thus only one altimeter operates at any given time. SSALT operates about 10% of the time that is one cycle in ten. The measurements give the same geophysical information as NRA's. However since this sensor uses a single frequency, an external correction for the ionosphere must be supplied (see the DORIS instrument). R%:- *J  TMR (Topex Microwave Radiometer)`A#R>Frequencies18, 21 & 31 GHzF!:% CTMR (50 Kg including partial redundance, 25 W) measures the sea surface microwave brightness temperatures at three frequencies to provide the total vapor content in the troposphere along the altimeter beam. The 21 GHz channel is the primary channel for water vapor measurement. The 18 GHz channel is used to remove the effects of wind and the 37 GHz channel to remove cloud cover in the water vapor measurements. The measurements are combined to obtain the error in the satellite range measurements caused by pulse delay due to water vapor. P#0- *FO  LRA (Laser Retroflector Array)$ LRA (29 Kg) reflects laser signals from a network of 10 to 15 ground laser tracking stations to provide the baseline tracking data for precise orbit determination and to calibrate the altimeter bias. {N0- *  DORIS (Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite)h&B#TLFrequencies401.25 MHz2036.25 MHz\^A#R6(Altitude accuracy10 cm% 7DORIS (43 Kg including redundance, 21 W) is a French system that uses a two-channel receiver to observe the Doppler signals from a network of 40 to 50 ground transmitting beacons, spaced around the world. It provides all-weather global tracking of the satellite for precise orbit determination and an accurate correction for the influence of the ionosphere on both the Doppler signal and altimeter signals. j=^- *z  GPSDR (Global Positioning System Demonstration Receiver)b! A#RBFrequencies1227.6/1574.4 MHz = H'SSSSGPSDR (28 Kg without redundance, 29 W) uses a new GPS differential ranging technique for precise orbit determination. It receives signals from up to 6 GPS satellites. The GPS antenna is mounted on a long boom to reduce multipath effects which can severely corrupt the measurements. These data plus tracking of GPS from ground sites (3 minimum, 6 planned) allow nearly geometrical solutions. : 1UO PtTournesol:P, (" Tournesol5# $Also called D2A1 P'  Generalg G#^@") Designation05128 / 71030A\yA#R6Launch date15 Apr 1971m M#j@"N ,㱭+Country of originFrance8yqS#vp"H̀(j_BMissionScientific: Sun study and UV astronomy^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee457/696 kmVq%A#R*Inclination46.3TyA#R&Period96.2 minn!%M#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #7Yy@A#R0"Mass at launch96 kg&f# 5@'  End of life_fA#R<"Out of service22 Jul 1973VPA#R*Decay28 Jan 1980$t" 6P1 ] Traac6 t, (" Traac1 '  Generalg xG#^@") Designation00205 / 61031B\A#R6Launch date15 Nov 1961t'xH M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesU G#^"H̀Mission_H A#R<"Perigee/Apogee955/1108 kmV R A#R*Inclination32.4U A#R(Period105.8 minq$R  M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar_ w A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[ A#R4"Mass at launch90.4 kgaw ] * $㻶؉One of the 2 first satellites launched with the same vehicle (the other one is Transit 4B).6 1   wHTrace6 ] , (" TraceN+  # VTransitional Region and Coronal Explorer1 H '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation25280 / 98020A[H A#R4Launch date2 Apr 1998t' ~M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesZ G#^&OperatorNASAx+~PM#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: sun observationn-A#RZ"Perigee/Apogee602/652 km sun-synchronousVP @A#R* @] Inclination97.8Rr@A#R"Period97 minn! @@M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XL[r@;AA#R4Launch siteVandenbergZ@AA#R2"Mass at launch224 kgmF;AC' Launch worth $12 millionThe TRACE satellite, designed by an international team of 13 scientists from America, Britain, Sweden and the Netherlands, will explore the connections between fine-scale magnetic fields and the associated plasma structures of the Sun. Will be built at the Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory.<A>C' *O External resourcesaCC. ,http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/trace/http://pore1.space.lockheed.com/TRACE/welcome.html8>CD' "(OTechnical data8C=D' " SpecificationsXDDA#R.&Prime contractorLMN =DDA#RPlatformZD=EA#R2"Mass at launch213 kgSDEA#R$ Mass in orbite$=EEA#RHDimension0.86 m octogonal prismf%E[FA#RJSolar array4 panels, total: 2 mYEFA#R0 Stabilization3-axisS[FGA#R$DC power220 W[FbGA#R4$Design lifetime1 yearGwH) Telemetry: 2215 MHz (realtime: 23.4375 kpbs, playback: 1.125 or 2.25 Mbps) (5 W transmitter)Command: 2039.65 MHz (2 kbps)Field of view: 8.5 x 8.5 arcminuteTelescope: 30 cm diameter x 160 cm length, 8.66 m focal length CassegrainAbGH1Z HI.NProgram: TransitMwHI5 :2;P" Program: TransitEHJL4 6#̑SAmerican navigation programFirst navigation program launched in 1959 and operational in 1964. These satellites were for the U.S. Navy and in particular, the Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarines, to accurately verify their location. This program was superseded by NOVA and finally by the Global Positioning Satellites. It was commercialized in 1967. First geodetic program to use the Doppler effect.There were 7 pre-operational Transit-5xxx satellites: 3 Transit-5A launched by Scout, 3 Transit-5BN (nuclear powered) launched by Thor Able-Star, an 1 Transit-5C launched by Scout. The Transit-5C was mostly identical with the operational Transit-O series. The first 5 Transit-O's transfered to the Thor Ablestar launch vehicle, because the Scout lacked reliability at this time.1 I{L' O ContactD JLL$ @Operator: Naval Space Command<{LL' *O External resourcesb;L]M' vhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/nav/transit.htm8LM' "(Technical datav]M.N# Frequencies: 149.982 / 149.988 (operational channel) MHz and 399.9413 / 399.952 / 399.968 (operational channel) MHz1M_N1 _N O[.N OO n|ۀd؀㺶؉㻶؉ABProgram: TransitTransit 2ATransit 4ATransit 4BTransit 5BN1Transit 5BN2; _NDO1 DOOgTransit 2AK OO8 @(;P" Transit 2A1 DOO'  Generalg O3G#^@") O3 ODesignation00045 / 60007A\OA#R6Launch date22 Jun 1960t'3M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgjM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation^ȁA#R:"Perigee/Apogee604/988 kmVjA#R*Inclination66.7UȁsA#R(Period100.8 minq$M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar_sCA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$g" ; C1g _Transit 4AKg8 @(;P" Transit 4A1 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation00116 / 61015A\A#R6Launch date29 Jun 1961t'UM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation^UA#R:"Perigee/Apogee866/985 kmVpA#R*Inclination66.8UņA#R(Period103.5 minq$p6M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar_ņA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[6A#R4"Mass at launch79.1 kgoE_* $ㅯ\&First satellite using a SNAP nuclear generator for power supply; 1 Transit 4BK_8 @(;P" Transit 4B1 '  Generalg }G#^@") Designation00202 / 61031A\ىA#R6Launch date15 Nov 1961t'}MM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesgىM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_MA#R<"Perigee/Apogee953/1104 kmViA#R*Inclination32.4UA#R(Period105.7 minq$i/M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[/A#R4"Mass at launch90.4 kgo2 4zPWㅯ\&Was launched with Traac: first time 2 satellites were launched with the same vehicleHas a SNAP engine= Ǎ1g ǍTransit 5BN1M8 @,;P" Transit 5BN11 ǍE'  Generalg G#^@") Designation00670 / 63038B\EA#R6Launch date28 Sep 1963t'|M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation| `|lA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1062/1125 kmT A#R&Inclination90UlA#R(Period107.1 minq$M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar[A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$" = B1 BXTransit 5BN2M8 @,;P" Transit 5BN21 B'  Generalg 'G#^@") Designation00704 / 63049B[A#R4Launch date5 Dec 1963t''M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesg]M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1058/1109 kmV]A#R*Inclination90.1UhA#R(Period106.9 minq$M#jH" &Gi4Launch vehicleThor Ablestar[h4A#R4Launch siteVandenberg$X" 741 F@ Triana7 X, (" Triana& US satellite project. This spacecraft would be located at one of the L points to broadcasts pictures of the Earth viewed from space.This project is defended by Al Gore (US Vice president)F1mF@B 8tProgram: TrimilsatcomF8, (6" Program: Trimilsatcom< t2 2kProject for 1 military telecommunication satellite shared by France, Germany and UK. Should be operational in 2005. The program should cost $2.2 billion. Belgium might join in.The system would replace UK's Skynet and France's Syracuse's payload on Telecom.181W T+t) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&# 5T1lBv TTRMM5 , (" TRMMI&T# LTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission1 '  Generalg jG#^@") Designation25063 / 97074A\A#R6Launch date27 Nov 1997t'j:M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateskM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensingZ:A#R2"Perigee/Apogee350 kmTSA#R&Inclination35L A#RPeriodiSM#j8" &JLaunch vehicleH2 #5{V% The volume of rainfall in the tropics accounts for about two-thirds of total rainfall on the earth. Acting as the "engine" of the atmospheric cycle, this rainfall has a major influence on climate formation on a global scale. TRMM is a satellite that will measure the amount and distribution of rainfall in tropical and meta-tropical areas. Remote sensing of rainfall by the satellite will make a major contribution in predicting climatic changes on a global scale, providing long-range predictions on abnormal weather created by the E1 Nino phenomenon, and helping to prevent natural disasters.xT$ TRMM is a joint project of Japan and the United States. It is worth $512 million<C' *O External resources6 :http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/trmm_e.htmlhttp://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/ceres/ASDceres.html8C=' "(OTechnical data8u' " Specifications_=A#R<&Prime contractorNASA GSFCN u"A#RPlatform[}A#R4"Mass at launch3820 kgS"A#R$ Mass in orbitO}A#RDimensionQpA#R Solar arraySA#R$ StabilizationN pA#RDC power\mA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsj, (@ĘAcquisition via TDRSTelemetry/Data: 2255.5 MHz (upto 2 Mbps)Command: 2076.94 MHz (500 or 1024 bps)1 m4' O Payloadf<* "yPR: Precipitation Radar (Ku-band)TMI: TRMM Microwave ImagerVIRS: Visible and Infrared ScannerCERES: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy SystemLIS: Lightning Imaging SensorThe CERES instrument (TRW-built) is the first of a series of 6 to fly. CERES is a scanning broadband radiometer that measures reflected sunlight and emitted thermal energy from the surface of the Earth and the atmosphere. The radiometer is made up of three sensors, each with its own telescope mounted on a gimballed platform that continuously scans across the Earth in a 6.6-second cycle. 641<ȃ   TRSSS6  , (" TRSSSI&O # LThai Remote Sensing Small Satellite1  '  GeneralYO G#^$") Designation` 9 A#R>Launch dateplanned in 2000o" M#jD"N ,)`Country of originThailandc9 G#^8"H̀MissionRemote sensingZ e A#R2"Perigee/Apogee550 kmV A#R*InclinationpolarL e  A#RPeriod\ c G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ A#R Launch site]9c  $ rTo weigh 300 to 400 kg, to br built by Spar Aerospace1 B 1W B T+ ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&B # 6 1UvW (^ETTS 16 (, (" TTS 1zK / .   Tethered Test Satellite, also called TSS (Tethered Satellite System)1 ('  General[.A#R4Launch date6 Aug 1992lM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyZ. @A#R2OperatorCNR/PSN/NASA @ _k@G#^0"H̀MissionScientificj @@M#j:" &㨛Launch vehicleSTS 46k@A+ $㨛To test power production (by induction). The satellite couldn't be deployed properly on STS 46 (only a few hundred meters).8@A' "(OTechnical data8AA' " Specifications_APBA#R<&Prime contractorAeritaliaZABA#R2"Mass at launch518 kgWPBCA#R,Payload mass66 kgSBTCA#R$Diameter1.6 mc"CCA#RD StabilizationGravity gradientWTCDA#R,DC power180-200 W`CnDA#R>$Design lifetime10 missionsD^E' Payload: instruments to measure electrodynamic properties of the ionosphere, magnetic fields and plasmaTether (diameter: 2.54 mm) made from Kevlar sheated in Nomex with insulated copper-wire core6nDE1|׆ EEMTTS 26 ^EE, (" TTS 2}NEGF/ .   Tethered Test Satellite, also called TSS 1R (Tethered Satellite System)1 ExF'  Generalg GFFG#^@") Designation23805 / 96012B\xF;GA#R6Launch date22 Feb 1996lFGM#j>"N ,xECountry of originItalyZ;GHA#R2OperatorCNR/PSN/NASA_G`HG#^0"H̀MissionScientificjHHM#j:" &(Launch vehicleSTS 75G"`HK% EThe TSS project is a joint NASA/ASI (Italian Space Agency) effort. The 1.6 m diameter satellite is to be deployed on the end of a 20 kilometre long conductive tether to study the electrodynamic effects of moving such a tether through the Earth's magnetic field. The experiment will also test techniques for managing the tethered spacecraft at great distances. Second flight of the satellite which was worth about $200-400M (depending on whether or not you count the cost for the original satellite, modifications after the first flight, etc.) HL% The tether broke near full deployment (19 km) on 26 Feb at 01:30 UT. The initial orbit for the satellite was 316 x 413 km; meanwhile the shuttle was at 291 x 299 km. The break was due to an electrical shortcut inside the cable.5KRL'  End of lifeVLLA#R*Decay19 Mar 1996mIRLM$ Frequency downlink: 2260 MHz, uplink at 2081 MHz, 16 kbps data stream@LUM1W UMM*OProgram: TubsatLMM5 :0&\Lʀ" Program: TubsatUMN+ $ Technische Universitt Berlin SATellitGerman small satellites program for data relay applications. 3-axis stabilized satellitesTransmissions are made on 143,075 MHz (mode: AFSK 1200 Baud, 1200/1800 Hz tones)<MN' *O External resourcesK$N*O' Hhttp://tubsat.fb12.tu-berlin.de/1N[O1 [O B*O H `III [LYProgram: TubsatTubsat ATubsat BTubsat NTubsat N1[O *O9[OE1 E߇Tubsat AI 8 @$&\Lʀ" Tubsat A1 E'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation21577 / 91050D\A#R6Launch date17 Jul 1991n!&M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyJG#^"H̀MissionScientific: animal migration studies for Berlin's university^߂A#R:"Perigee/Apogee762/772 kmV5A#R*Inclination98.4U߂A#R(Period100.2 minn!5M#jB" &`D+Launch vehicleAriane V44YQA#R0"Mass at launch38 kg8' "(OTechnical data8Q' " SpecificationsVA#R*&Prime contractorN eA#RPlatformTA#R&"Mass at launchSe A#R$ Mass in orbitdpG#^:Dimensionlength: 38 cmQ A#R Solar arraySpA#R$ StabilizationN bA#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetime(b߇$ 91 aŋTubsat BI߇a8 @$&\Lʀ" Tubsat B1 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation22970 / 94003B\UA#R6Launch date25 Jan 1994n!ÉM#jB"N , Country of originGermany_U"G#^0"H̀MissionTechnology`ÉA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1183/1209 kmW"يA#R,Inclination82.55V/A#R*Period109.35 minr%يM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #107$/ŋ" 91^ Ӏ GTubsat NIŋG8 @$&\Lʀ" Tubsat N1 x'  Generalg GߌG#^@") Designation25389 / 98042Af%xEA#RJLaunch date7 Jul 1998 at 3:15 UTn!ߌM#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo"E"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsa A#R@"Perigee/Apogee400 / 776 km V"َA#R*Inclination78.9L %A#RPerioddَG#^:" &Launch vehicleShtil'-1o%+' The Shtil'-1 launch vehicle is a converted R-29RM (RSM-54) 3-stage liquid prop+ŋellant submarine-launched ballistic missile made by the Makeev design bureau.It is the first launch from a submarine that took place from the Barents Sea off the coast of the Kol'skiy Peninsula, at approximately 35.3 deg E 69.3 deg N. The launch plaform was the K-407 `Novomoskovsk'8c' "(OTechnical data8+' " SpecificationsVcA#R*&Prime contractorN ?A#RPlatformXA#R."Mass at launch8 kgS?A#R$ Mass in orbita KA#R@Dimension320 x 320 x 104 mmQA#R Solar arraySKA#R$ StabilizationN =A#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetime&=# : 1 <Tubsat N1J<8 @&&\Lʀ" Tubsat N11 m'  Generalg <G#^@") Designation25390 / 98042Bf%m:A#RJLaunch date7 Jul 1998 at 3:15 UTn!M#jB"N , Country of originGermanyo":M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications_vA#R<"Perigee/Apogee400 / 776kmTA#R&Inclination79L vA#RPerioddzG#^:" &Launch vehicleShtil'-1B$ <This satellite weighs 3 kgAz1׆ NProgram: TurksatQN8 @4 " Program: Turksat`7) "nTelecommunication program operated by Turk Telekom1N1 qJqH `]cKlvmmvmnvmProgram: TurksatTurksat 1ATurksat 1BTurksat 1CTurksat 2A11U Fq) ": Turksat's specificationsb!JA#RB0&Prime contractorAerospatiale[A#R40PlatformSpacebus 100B[JA#R40"Mass at launch1775 kgZZA#R20 Mass in orbit1078 kg`A#R>0Dimension2.8 x 2.2 x 2.5 m\ZA#R60Solar array22.4 m spanYoA#R00 Stabilization3 axisa A#R@0DC powerEOL equinox: 2900 W]o-A#R80$Design lifetime12 yearsh'A#RN0Apogee motorMBB S400 (liquid fuel)$-" 11 T?)) ", Turksat's Ku-bandYA#R00(Main transponders16Z)A#R20,Backup transponders8V>A#R*0>Power55 W (TWTA)@B#T0Bandwidth10 transponders of 36 MHz6 transponders of 72 MHzt>h#00*2*a5*a5Coverage andEIRP maxTurkey: 55 dBWCentral Europe: 58 dBWCentral Asia: 50 dBW (centered on Afghanistan)J5O#n0G/T maxTurkey: 12 dB/KCentral Europe: 13 dB/KCentral Asia: 12 dB/KiM#j80 Polarizationlinear H/VP50B#T0Frequencies:uplink: 14-14.5 GHzDownlink: 10.95-11.2 GHz and 11.45-11.7 GHz$T" 101 j4T6 10.9801214.28036Turkey-@#,Z|xyjy@.2:<14.312511.01236Europe/Turkey'A#,N|xyjy $4<>11.0301314.33036Turkey&@aB#,L|xyjy.2:<14.354611.05436Turkey'A6C#,N|xyjy $4<>11.0801414.38036Turkey&aB D#,L|xyjy.2:<14.396711.09636Turkey'6CD#,N|xyjy $4<>11.1301514.43036Turkey- DE#,Z|xyjy.2:<14.462811.16272Europe/Turkey'DF#,N|xyjy $4<>11.1801614.48036TurkeyENG#,"|xyjy &F"H#,L|xyjy"2:<11.486914.03672Turkey&NGH#,L|xyjy.2:<14.040111.49072Europe'"HI#,N|xyjy $4<>11.5741014.12472Turkey+HJ#,V|xyjy.2:<14.140211.59072Turkey/Asia'IyK#,N|xyjy $4<>11.6621114.21272Turkey+JRL#,V|xyjy.2:<14.228311.67836Turkey/Asia<yKL$ 0beacon: 11.105 GHz V; RLL12 LMTurksat 1CGLM5 :& " Turksat 1C1 LAM'  Generalg MMG#^@") Designation23949 / 96040B[AMNA#R4Launch date9 Jul 1996m MpNM#j@"N ,.Country of originTurkeyo"NNM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!pNAOA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belown!NOM#jB" &E+Launch vehicleAriane V89gAO"J#d:$Mass aO"Lt launch1743 kg&OH# : "- */ۀ LocationH m#:   " BeginEndPosition!j#B"02L: 9 Jul 1996tests31.3E j#4"&(late Sep 199642E&A# 8y' "(Technical data<A) "&FaSpecifications8y' " EIRP map (dBW)d4Q0 0h⪜nICentral Europe & TurkeyCentral Asia & Turkey1 '  Ku-bandYQۃA#R00(Main transponders16Z5A#R20,Backup transponders8VۃA#R*0Power55 W (TWTA)X5&C#V0Bandwidth9 transponders of 36 MHz2 transponders of 54 MHz5 transponders of 72 MHzg܅O#n0*0⪜nICoverage andEIRP maxWest: Central Europe & Turkey: 53 dBWEast: Central Asia & Turkey: 53 dBWT&0A#R&0G/T max11 dB/K\܅A#R60Polarizationlinear H/VsO0$ The satellite beams were modified to have wider coverage (but only 2 beams)K$J' H Transponder frequency chart (GHz)^#h#|xyjy,\z̀Horizontal UplinkHorizontal DownlinkTransponderVertical DownlinkVertical UplinkBandwidth (MHz)Coverage (downlink)1J#,b|xyjy8<LTV10.97012 (but not 4)14.27036East1f#,b|xyjy8HLTV14.2704 (but not 12)10.97036West$8#,H|xyjy.2:<14.312511.01236West%f #,J|xyjy $4<>11.0301314.33036East$8݌#,H|xyjy.2:<14.354611.05436West% #,J|xyjy $4<>11.0801414.38036East$݌#,H|xyjy.2:<14.396711.09636West%U#,J|xyjy $4<>11.1301514.43036East$3#,H|xyjy.2:<U3L14.462811.16272West%U#,J|xyjy $4<>11.1801614.48036East3#,"|xyjy $#,H|xyjy"2:<11.486914.03672East$i#,H|xyjy.2:<14.040111.49072West%<#,J|xyjy $4<>11.5741014.12472East$i#,H|xyjy.2:<14.140211.59072West1<#,b|xyjy8<LTV11.66911 (but not 3)14.21954East1#,b|xyjy8HLTV14.2193 (but not 11)11.66954West$" 1!1 !f06 AA#R*Inclination56.9R@AA#R"Period96 minj>AAM#j:" &㪛Launch vehicleSTS 48AB&  Mission: systematic study of Earth's stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere with specialized payloads.Cost: $630 million<AB' *O External resourcesJ#B,C' Fhttp://uarsfot08.gsfc.nasa.gov/8BdC' "(OTechnical data8,CC' " Specifications^dCCA#R:&Prime contractorGE Astroi(CcDA#RPPlatformMultiMission Spacecraft busu4CDA#Rh"Mass at launch6800 kg (2500 kg for the payload)QcD)EA#R Diameter5 mPDyEA#RHeight10 m\)EEA#R6Solar array1.5 x 3.3 mYyE.FA#R0 Stabilization3 axis\EFA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearse.FG% Telemetry: 2287.5 MHz (realtime: 32/1 kbps, playback: 512 kbps)Command: 2106.4 MHz (1/0.12 kbps)b5FvG- *jO  CLAES (Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer)[8GG# pVertical profiles of minor species (between 10-60 km)X+vG)H- *VO  HALOE (Halogen Occultation Experiment)\9GH# rVertical distribution of minor species in stratosphereh;)HH- *vO  ISAMS (Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder)iFHVI# Temperature and ozone concentrations in stratosphere and mesosphereN!HI- *BO  MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder)`=VIJ# zozone and other trace gases in stratosphere and mesosphereW*I[J- *TO  HRDI (High Resolution Doppler Imager)pMJJ# Horizontal windspeeds and temperature in upper troposhere and thermosphereV)[J!K- *RO  WINDII (Wind Imaging Interferometer)dAJK# Windspeed and temperature in mesosphere and lower thermosphereU(!KK- *PO  PEM (Particule Environment Monitor)M*K'L# TGlobal input of charged particle energyk>KL- *|O  SOLSTICE (Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment)C 'LL# @Full disk solar UV irradiance^1L3M- *bO  SUSIM (Solar UV Spectral Irradiance Monitor)N+LM# Vsolar irradiance, solar flux variabilityg:3MM- *tO  ACRIM 2 (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor)F#M.N# Fwide band total solar irradiance= MkN1E kNNProgram: UHFS.NN5 :>4d%" Program: UHF Follow OnykNbO+ &2Also called for short UHF or UFOMilitary telecommunication program composed of 10 satellites, advanced Fleetsatcom1 NO' O ContactzNbO, (n։Operator: Naval Space CommandCommand & control: Air Force SpaO.Nce CommandO% EA second generation of satellites is planned so as a 11th UHF satellite. This would cost nearly $2 billion. The new generation would be launched from 2007 on.<' *O External resourcesU. ,http://www.fafb.af.mil/uhf/http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/ufo.htm1Ё1 ЁZk S|W|W|W|W|W|W|W|W|WProgram: UHFUHF 1UHF 2UHF 3UHF 4UHF 5UHF 6UHF 7UHF 8UHF 91ЁƂ1U Ƃ:# .UHF's specifications\Ƃ\A#R60&Prime contractorHughesTA#R&0PlatformHS-601e$\A#RH0"Mass at launch3000 kg (approx.)o.A#R\0 Mass in orbit1120 kg (1360 kg from F4 on)QՄA#R 0Length3.2 mP%A#R0Width3.4 mb!ՄA#RB0Height3.4 m (7.0 m deployed)\%A#R60Solar array18.3 m spanY<A#R00 Stabilization3 axisYA#R00DC powerEOL: 2500 WU<A#R(0$Design lifetime$" 1?1W ?T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&?# 11b . # UHF-bandPhA#R0Channels39RA#R"0Amplifiers11K hA#R0Power]bA#R80Bandwidthtotal: 555 KHzN A#R0CoverageN bA#R0EIRP maxRPA#R"0Polarization\A#R60Frequencies240-270 MHzoKP$ Within the 39 channels: 21 narrow band, 17 relay, and 1 Fleet Broadcast1L1  L%. z# EHF-bandPLʋA#R0Channels11K zA#R0PowerOʋdA#R0Bandwidth|:B#Tt0,Coverage & EIRP maxglobal beamsteerable 5 spot beamRd2A#R"0Polarization%+ $2The EHF package provides enhanced anti-jam telemetry as well as command, broadcast andfleet interconnectivity communications. It was first tested on Fleetsatcom 7 & 8 and is also used on Milstar62[1u [UHF 1B %5 :4d%" UHF 11 [Ύ'  Generalg 5G#^@") Designation22563 / 93015A\ΎA#R6Launch date25 Mar 1993t'5M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stat%esy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications\A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/av)\M#jR" &!{Launch vehicleAtlas Centaur #0745'  End of lifeH\A#RCausewas delivered in a wrong orbit due to a partial launch failure&@# 8x' "(Technical dataI@0 02-ₖSpecificationsUHF6x1- 9UHF 2B 95 :4d%" UHF 29r# ,Also called USA 0951 9'  Generalg r G#^@") Designation22787 / 93056A[eA#R4Launch date3 Sep 1993t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,eRM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsq*G#^T"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit71.5E, inclinedu(R8M#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #79&^# 88' "(Technical dataI^0 02-ₖSpecificationsUHF61 W7UHF 3B W5 :4d%" UHF 39# ,Also called USA 1041 W'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation23132 / 94035A\A#R6Launch date24 Jun 1994t'(M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,qM#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsq*G#^T"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit15.5W, inclinedu(qWM#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #83&}# 8W' "(Technical dataP}72 4-ₖSpecificationsUHFEquipped with an ARC 490N (liquid fuel) apogee engine6m1- mwUHF 4B 75 :4d%" UHF 4;m# 0Also known as USA 1081 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation23467 / 95003A\A#R6Launch date29 Jan 1995t'RM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsp)R;G#^R"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit178W, inclinedu(M#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #889;$ *Tested in 170.5W8!' "(Technical dataVw7 >>-ₖ"SpecificationsUHFEHF6!10 UHF 5B w 5 :4d%" UHF 5 w9E# ,Also called USA 1111 v'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation23589 / 95027A\v9A#R6Launch date31 May 1995t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,9&M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsq*G#^T"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit70.5E, inclinedu(& M#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #928D' "(Technical dataV 7 >>-ₖ"SpecificationsUHFEHF6D1  UHF 6B 5 :4d%" UHF 69K# ,Also called USA 1141 |'  Generalg KG#^@") Designation23696 / 95057A\|?A#R6Launch date22 Oct 1995t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,?,M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit106Wu(,M#jP" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #95W-^* $Z#AgTested in 171.5W and replaced Leasat 38' "(Technical dataV^7 >>-ₖ"SpecificationsUHFEHF6"10 "d UHF 7B d5 :4d%" UHF 71 "'  Generalg dG#^@") Designation23967 / 96042A\X A#R6Launch date25 Jul 1996t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,X E M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationse G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit25Wv)E M#jR" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas Centaur #1010  P ' Tested in 171.5WIt is the first of the series to have an enhanced EHF payload, adding nine more channels. This was accomplished on a very short schedule with advanced, miniaturized digital technology so that no additional spacecraft resources were required.8 ' "(Technical dataVP 7 >>-ₖ"SpecificationsUHFEHF6  1-  V VDUHF 8B V 5 :4d%" UHF 81  '  Generalg V G#^@") Designation25258 / 98016A\ JA#R6Launch date16 Mar 1998t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesy,J7M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: telecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit169Ev)7@M#jR" &yjLaunch vehicleAt@ las Centaur #115A& First UHF satellite with the GBS (Global Broadcast System) payload. It replaces the current SHF capability with four 130 W, 24 MHz military Ka band transponders, 3 steerable downlink spot beam antennas and one steerable uplink (+ 1 fixed) receive antenna per satellite. This will provide 96 Mbps throughput. The GBS payload is provided by Hughes Information Systems (HIS, Reston, Virginia)2 @B'  LocationABm#:   " BeginEndPosition$BCj#H$8:L: 16 Mar 1998Apr 1998172WBCj#,Jun 1998169E&CC# 8CC' "(Technical data^,CVD2 4X-ₖSpecificationsUHFS-band telemetry.; CD10 DDGUHF 9 & 10GVDD5 :&4d%" UHF 9 & 10DG( will be launched in 1998Will have the GBS (Global Broadcast System) modification. Each satellite would provide GBS service to one of these areas: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean.The GBS payload will replace the current SHF capability with four 130 watt, 24 megahertz military Ka band transponders, 3 steerable downlink spot beam antennas and one steerable uplink (+ 1 fixed) receive antenna per satellite. The GBS augmentation would support a full range of simplex, or one-way communications, from national imagery dissemination to general news and entertainment broadcasts. Each satellite will provide 96 Mbps throughput. The GBS payload is provided by Hughes Information Systems (HIS, Reston, Virginia)1DH1W H\HHT+G\H) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&HH# 6\HH1q HHLUme 16 HH, (" Ume 1T1HBI# bMeans "apricot tree flower", also called ISS 11 HsI'  Generalg BIIG#^@") Designation08709 / 76019A\sI6JA#R6Launch date29 Feb 1976lIJM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapany,6JKM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study_JzKA#R<"Perigee/Apogee985/1006 kmVKKA#R*Inclination69.7SzK#LA#R$Period105 minfKLM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1$#LL" 6LL1E L!MUme 2> L!M2 4"  Ume 27LXM# (Also called ISS 21 !MM'  Generalg XMMG#^@") Designation10674 / 78018A\MLNA#R6Launch date16 Feb 1978lMNM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapanaLNOG#^4"H̀MissionScientifique_NxOA#R<"Perigee/Apogee970/1219 kmVOOA#R*Inclination69.4UxO/A#R(O/LPeriod107.2 minfOM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN1$/" : 1qJ 5Unamsat 1B52 4""  Unamsat 11 f'  General\5A#R6Launch date28 mar 1995ef'G#^<"N ,Country of originMexicoo"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsl'M#j>" &aKLaunch vehicleStart #2&(# 5]'  End of lifec(G#^8 CauseLauncher failureV]A#R*Decay28 Mar 1995[7q$ nBuilt by UNAM, the Autonomous University of Mexico.8' "(OTechnical data?q' 0 Frequency chart (MHz),r^#X "JLDownlink freq.Transponder/BeaconModej#4 "437.135TX1default}rsj#& "437.179TX2s j# +s{j#V  HJUplink freq.Transponder/BeaconModep#6 .0145.922Channel A{j#2,.145.942Channel B j#2,.145.962Channel Cj#602145.872Channel E/F& # : 1 3Unamsat 2B32 4""  Unamsat 2b?# ~Autonomous University of Mexico Satellite, also called MO-301 3Ɗ'  Generalg -G#^@") Designation24305 / 96052B[ƊA#R4Launch date5 Sep 1996m -M#j@"N ,Country of originMexicoo"dM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications_ÌA#R<"Perigee/Apogee966/1010 kmVdA#R*Inclination82.9UÌnA#R(Period104.8 mineӍG#^<" &Launch vehicleCosmos 3MYn,A#R0Launch sitePlesetskӍI' On board a 40.997 MHz pulse transmitter and a wide band receiver centered on the same freq. will enable the search for echoes produced on the ionized trails of meteors as they enter the atmosphere.The launch of the satellite costed $112,000<,' *O External resources]6I ' lhttp://serpiente.dgsca.unam.mx/unamsat/unameng.htm 5A'  End of life^ A#R:"Out of service6 Sep 1996gAGA#RCausefailed to operate, died after 1 day The uplink receiver did not survive the launch conditions&m# 8G' "(OTechnical data8m' " SpecificationsV3A#R*&Prime contractor\A#R6PlatformAmsat Microbus[3A#R4"Mass at launch10.7 kgS=A#R$ Mass in orbit^A#R:Dimension25 x 25 x 25 cmQ=A#R Solar arrayS?A#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC powerU?A#R($Design lifetime&# ?G' 0 Frequency chart (MHz),^#X "JLDownlink freq.Transponder/BeaconModeGUj#4 "437.206TX1default}j#& "437.138TX2s UEj# +j#V  HJUplink freq.Transponder/BeaconModeEep#6 .0145.815Channel Aj#2,.145.835Channel Bekj#2,.145.855Channel Cj#2,.145.875Channel D&k# 1E1W ET+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&E# ?1J IProgram: UosatKI5 :." Program: Uosatw. , kdgUniversity Of Surrey sATelliteSatellites built by and operated by a unit of Surrey's university in the UK: SSTL1I1 QV |~ꠀ͓F̀ΓF̉ϓF̉ГF̉ѓF̉qOProgram: UosatUosat 1Uosat 2Uosat 3Uosat 4Uosat 5Uosat 1281 P B.Uosat 1DB5 : " Uosat 1K") "D䵟Also called UO-09 or Oscar 091 B'  Generalg %G#^@") Designation12888 / 81100B[A#R4Launch date6 Oct 1981u(%M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomo"dM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee372/374 kmVd$A#R*$Inclination97.6RvA#R"Period92 mins&$M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #157[vDA#R4Launch siteVandenberg& 'Cost: $38000First on-board computer (IHU - Integrated Housekeeping Unit) for battery and attitude management, remote control, and experiments.5D2'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay13 Oct 1989&2# 8' "(OTechnical data8' " Specificationso.A#R\&Prime contractorUniversity of Surrey (UK)SA#R$PlatformUoSATY9A#R0"Mass at launch52 kgc"A#RDDimension0.74 x 0.42 x 0.42 mz99A#Rr Stabilization3 axis (gravity gradient, magnetorquer)b xB#T@DC powerBOL: 17 WEOL: 10 W\A#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsZ6x.$ lEquipped with a vocal synthetisor and a TV camera.8f1J U f@Uosat 2D.5 : " Uosat 2K"f) "D䵟Also called UO-11 or Oscar 111 &'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14781 / 84021B[&A#R4Launch date1 Mar 1984u(]M#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomo"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^]* A#R:"Perigee/Apogee651/669 kmV A#R*Inclination97.8R* A#R"Period98 mins& E M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #174[ A#R4Launch siteVandenbergvE : $ Function: Bulletin store and forward experiment, synthetic voice experiment, space dust and radiation experiments.< v ' *O External resources[4: ' hhttp://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/clivew/oscar11.htm8v ' "(OTechnical data8 A ' " Specificationso. A#R\&Prime contractorUniversity of Surrey (UK)SA  A#R$PlatformUoSATY \ A#R0"Mass at launch60 kgc" A#RDDimension0.58 x 0.36 x 0.36 mz9\ 9A#Rr Stabilization3 axis (gravity gradient, magnetorquer)~< B#TxDC powerBOL: 25 W (12 v, 6.4 Ah NiCd battery)EOL: 10 W\9A#R6$Design lifetime3 years&9# 9r' $ Frequency chartv96@B#TDownlink1200 bps AFSK/FM (1200 and 2400 Hz tones), synthetic voice and CWr6@..145.826 MHz, 435.025 MHz, 2401.500 MHzXr@A#R.Beacon2401.500 MHz$6@@" 8@@1 U! @.AKUosat 3D@.A5 : " Uosat 3K"@yA) "D䵟Also called UO-14 or Oscar 141 .AA'  Generalg yABG#^@") Designation20437 / 90005B\AmBA#R6Launch date22 Jan 1990u(BBM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomo"mBQCM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^BCA#R:"Perigee/Apogee781/797 kmVQCDA#R*Inclination98.6UCZDA#R(Period100.7 minn!DDM#jB" &6D+Launch vehicleAriane V35eZDYE, (ߎ؉Function: Packet Radio Mailbox and DigipeaterSince 1992 it is used by VITA (see also Gemstar)5DE'  End of life]YEEA#R8"Out of servicelate 1996c"ENFA#RDCauseonboard computer failureK EFA#RDecay&NFF# 8FF' "(OTechnical data8F/G' " Specificationso.FGA#R\&Prime contractorUniversity of Surrey (UK)S/GGA#R$PlatformUoSATYGJHA#R0"Mass at launch46 kgb!GHA#RBDimension0.6 x 0.34 x 0.34 mYJHIA#R0 Stabilization3 axisWH\IA#R,DC powerEOL: 10 W\IIA#R6$Design lifetime3 years&\II# 9IJ' $ Frequency chartCIJB#TUplink9600 bps K9NG/G3RUH modulated FSK (FM) AX.25145.975 MHzEJ#KB#TDownlink9600 bps K9NG/G3RUH modulated FSK (FM) AX.25435.070 MHzk)JKB#TRBeacon1200 bps AFSK NBFM435.070 MHz$#KK" 8KK1/%" K.L4Uosat 4DK.L5 : " Uosat 4K"KyL) "D䵟Also called UO-15 or Oscar 151 .LL'  Generalg yLMG#^@") Designation20438 / 90005C\LmMA#R6Launch date22 Jan 1990u(MMM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdomo"mMQNM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^MNA#R:"Perigee/Apogee784/799 kmVQNOA#R*Inclination98.6UNZOA#R(Period100.7 minn!OOM#jB" &6D+Launch vehicleAriane V35&ZO # O K5OA'  End of life_ A#R<"Out of service23 Jan 1990QAA#R CauseFailed&# 8O' "(OTechnical data8' " Specificationso.OA#R\&Prime contractorUniversity of Surrey (UK)SIA#R$PlatformUoSATYA#R0"Mass at launch46 kgb!IA#RBDimension0.6 x 0.34 x 0.34 mY]A#R0 Stabilization3 axisWA#R,DC powerEOL: 10 W\]A#R6$Design lifetime3 years$4" 8l1% # lUosat 5D45 : " Uosat 5K"l) "D䵟Also called UO-22 or Oscar 221 ,'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21575 / 91050B\,A#R6Launch date17 Jul 1991u(dM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdom7S#vn"H̀(㓉郉MissionTelecommunications and Remote sensing^dLA#R:"Perigee/Apogee759/772 kmVA#R*Inclination98.4ULA#R(Period100.2 minn!eM#jB" &`D+Launch vehicleAriane V44uQڈ$ Function: Packet Radio Mailbox, Digipeater and a CCD camera experiment (EIS).8e' "(OTechnical data8ڈJ' " Specificationso.A#R\&Prime contractorUniversity of Surrey (UK)SJ A#R$PlatformUoSATYeA#R0"Mass at launch49 kgc" ȊA#RDDimension0.68 x 0.34 x 0.34 ml+e4A#RV Stabilization3 axis (gravity gradient)WȊA#R,DC powerEOL: 10 W\4A#R6$Design lifetime3 years& # 9F' $ Frequency chartK ӌB#T0Uplink9600 bps K9NG/G3RUH modulated FSK (FM) AX.25145.900 145.975 MHz&F# EӌB#T0Downlink9600 bps K9NG/G3RUH modulated FSK (FM) AX.25435.120 MHz$" 9ݍ1 P$ ݍUosat 129 , (" Uosat 121 ݍG'  GeneralYG#^$") DesignationVGA#R*Launch date1998?u(kM#jP"N ,R׉Country of originUnited Kingdom7 S#vn"H̀(㓉郉MissionTelecommunications and Remote sensingk Tk`A#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQ A#R InclinationL `A#RPeriodifM#j8" &mKLaunch vehicleRokotWA#R,Launch site300 kg+f) Equipped with 2 cameras (10 m resolution panchromatic, 40 m multispectral). CCDs are from Eastman KodakTelecommunication experiments in L- and S-band are also on board for use with Nanyang Technological University, Singapore*Estimate cost: $9 million<$' *O External resourcesb;' vhttp://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT/missions/uo12/8$' "(OTechnical data8' " SpecificationsVLA#R*&Prime contractorN A#RPlatformZLA#R2"Mass at launch300 kgSGA#R$ Mass in orbitOA#RDimensionQGA#R Solar arrayS:A#R$ StabilizationN A#RDC powerU:A#R($Design lifetime&# 141W% 4T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&4# 91k& ZUPMsat 19 , (" UPMsat 1c@# Politechnical University of Madrid (UPM in spanish) Satellite1 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation23607 / 95033C[vA#R4Launch date7 Jul 1995lM#j>"N ,qn͉Country of originSpain>vgG#^|"H̀MissionTechnology (microgravity and telecommunications)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee665/675 kmVgA#R*Inclination98.1ToA#R&Period98.2 minn!M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V75Yo6A#R0"Mass at launch47 kg$Z" = 61#' sFProgram: USAEZ2 4("  Program: USAX^* $)Designation used by the United States since mid-1984 to name military spacecrafts.1X#b"cZ>USA 001USA 002 = KH 9-19USA 003 = subsat(^m^#P$acZ:j܌҉USA 004 = SDS 5USA 005USA 006(^#P"@c㷫뉂.USA 007USA 008USA 009 = SDS 6"myd#D"XcZ ceM.ceMUSA 010USA 011USA 012. X#\$FX~USA 013 = ITV 1USA 014 = ITV 2USA 015y Z"yd#D"X~X~.X~USA 016USA 017USA 018~& X#LD>ቂ*USA 019USA 020USA 021 = SDS 7"d#D"X~X~.X~USA 022USA 023USA 024"d#D"X~㧢щ.k܌҉USA 025USA 026USA 027,X#X"cFUSA 028USA 029 = DMSP B5D2-4USA 030"&d#D">ㄪ뉂.l܌҉USA 031USA 032USA 033"d#D"-..USA 034USA 035USA 036"&2d#D">.. c鉂USA 037USA 038USA 039~ ^#@"㷪*.USA 040USA 041USA 042"26d#D"*dMceM.㲪뉂USA 043USA 044USA 0454^#h"E>..USA 046USA 047USA 048 = Magnum 2 = Mentor'6M^#N"...USA 049USA 050USA 051 = LACE&^#L ҉6.USA 052 = RMEUSA 053USA 054*MY^#T( > USA 055 = GLOMR 2USA 056USA 057"d#D" "W~."W~USA 058USA 059USA 060"Yed#D""W~"W~..USA 061USA 062USA 063"d#D". c鉂.5F݉USA 064USA 065USA 066.ew ^#\" F-USA 067USA 068 = DMSP B5D2-5USA 069~  ^#@5F݉*#W~USA 070USA 071USA 072.w ^#\0#W~F c鉂USA 073 = DMSP B5D2-6USA 074USA 075"  d#D"#W~#W~.ceMUSA 076USA 077USA 078" d#D"5F݀5F݉.Z뉂USA 079USA 080USA 081"  d#D"ceM5F݉.5F݉USA 082USA 083USA 084" d#D"5F݀҉.5F݉USA 085USA 086USA 087"  d#D"5F݀b뉂.5F݉USA 088USA 089USA 090" d#D" 6F݀6F݉.ceMUSA 091USA 092USA 093" +d#D"6F݀|W.6F݉USA 094USA 095USA 096" d#D"ceMCd.USA 097USA 098USA 099"+7d#D"6F݀j뉂.j뉂USA 100USA 101USA 102"d#D"j|W.j뉂USA 103USA 104USA 105"7O@d#D"㫢рO@Z c鉂.|WUSA 106USA 107USA 108&@p#L(㬢р(5i"4|WUSA 109USA 110USA 111'O@As#N(-i(ceM(4|WUSA 112USA 113USA 114'@Bs#N((Ҁ(46F݀USA 115USA 116USA 117'ABs#N(3i(%W~(4%W~USA 118USA 119USA 120'BMCs#N(%W~(%W~(4%W~USA 121USA 122USA 123'BCs#N(%W~([i(46F݀USA 124USA 125USA 126'MCDs#N(|W(6F݀(4ҀUSA 127USA 128USA 129'CEs#N( c(㭢р(43Z݀USA 130USA 131USA 132'DEs#N(-(aeM(46F݀USA 133USA 134USA 135'EOFs#N(i(i(4iUSA 136USA 137USA 139$EsF" 8OFF1( FFLUSA 008DsFF5 : S" USA 008:F)G# .Also called Magnum 11 FZG'  Generalg )GGG#^@") Designation15543 / 85010B\ZGHA#R6Launch date24 Jan 1985t'GHM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesn'HHG#^N"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Magnum)\H[IA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ajHIM#j:" &VLaunch vehicleSTS 20&[II# 8I#J' "(OTechnical dataIK, &U9%Magnum type satellite, built by TRW. Carried a 76 m diameter antenna.This type of satellite (SIGINT) has seen its performance increase with the diameter of the receiving antenna. Thus the Canyon satellites (1968-72) had 10 m antennas, the Rhyolite (1973-78) and the Jumpseat (1973-78) 18 m, the Vortex (1978-89) 38 m and the Magnum 76 m. The latest generation (Jeroboam) is believed to feature a 150 m diameter antenna!<#J5L' *O External resourcesd=KL' zhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/sigint/index.html85LL1o) LMUUSA 032DLM5 : S" USA 032=LRM# 4Also called Singleton 11 MM'  Generalg RMMG#^@") Designation19460 / 88078A[MENA#R4Launch date5 Sep 1988t'MNM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*EN*OG#^T"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Singleton)ZNOA#R2"Perigee/Apogee900 kmT*OOA#R&Inclination85L O0A#RO0LPeriodo"OM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 2 #130U& !Equipped with a 10 m diameter rotating radar, built by TRW, 1500 kgpart of the Wide Area Surveillance System (WASS) of the USAF and US Navy81= * с݅USA 040DUс5 : S" USA 0409 # ,Also called SDS 2-11 с;'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20167 / 89061B[;A#R4Launch date8 Aug 1989t'qM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States^σG#^."H̀MissionMilitary:b!q1A#RB"Perigee/Apogee996 x 39358 kmVσA#R*Inclination63.4O1քA#RPeriodn/akAM#j<" &>DLaunch vehicleSTS 28R<ք}' *O External resources`9A݅' rhttp://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/com/sds_2.htm8}1h+ YUSA 045D݅Y5 : S" USA 045=# 4Also called Singleton 21 Ydž'  Generalg .G#^@") Designation20220 / 89072A[džA#R4Launch date5 Sep 1989t'.M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*nG#^T"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Singleton)ZȈA#R2"Perigee/Apogee900 kmTnA#R&Inclination85L ȈhA#RPeriodo"׉M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 2 #14h& !Equipped with a 10 m diameter rotating radar, built by TRW, 1500 kgpart of the Wide Area Surveillance System (WASS) of the USAF and US Navy5׉Š'  End of life^ A#R:"Out of service5 Sep 1989L ŠlA#RCause?$ " 8lȋ12 , ȋ USA 048D 5 : S" USA 0488ȋD# *Also called Mentor1 u'  Generalg D܌G#^@") Designation20355 / 89090B\u8A#R6Launch date23 Nov 1989t'܌M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesv)8"M#jR"H̀㷫뉂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Magnum)\~A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ak"M#j<" &DLaunch vehicleSTS 33R$~ " 8E1- E1USA 067D 5 : S" USA 067N+E׏# VAlso called AFP 658 or Orion or Magnum 31 '  G׏ eneralg ׏{G#^@") Designation20963 / 90097B\A#R6Launch date16 Nov 1990t'{KM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesv)M#jR"H̀㷫뉂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Magnum)\KA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ajM#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 38_D#X6"Mass at launch2700 kgK'1$ NAimed to listen to the Persian Gulf8i1f. iUSA 081D15 : S" USA 081=i# 4Also called Singleton 31 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation21949 / 92023A\A#R6Launch date25 Apr 1992t'RM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*G#^T"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Singleton)ZRA#R2"Perigee/Apogee900 kmTqA#R&Inclination85L A#RPeriodo"q,M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 2 #15& !Equipped with a 10 m diameter rotating radar, built by TRW, 1500 kgpart of the Wide Area Surveillance System (WASS) of the USAF and US Navy8,1/ ^ USA 089D^5 : S" USA 0899# ,Also called SDS 2-21 ^'  Generalg /G#^@") Designation22518 / 92086B[A#R4Launch date2 Dec 1992t'/M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_]G#^0"H̀MissionMilitary: n-A#RZ"Perigee/ApogeeMolniya type 1000/39000 kmV]!A#R*Inclination63.4L mA#RPeriodj!M#j:" &ЛLaunch vehicleSTS 53&m# 85' "(OTechnical data8m' " Specifications\5A#R6&Prime contractorHughesUmA#R(PlatformHS-376WTrA#R&"Mass at launchSA#R$ Mass in orbitn-r3A#RZDimension3.65 m height x 3.46 m diameterQA#R Solar arrayS3A#R$ StabilizationN %A#RDC powerUzA#R($Design lifetimeX3% % fbipropellant propulsion system3 relay antennasz 8zD1o0 DUSA 101D 5 : S" USA 101]D) " Also called P90-5 or TAOS (Technology for Autonomous Operations Survivability) or Step 01 ?'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23030 / 94017A\?A#R6Launch date13 Mar 1994t'vM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesi"G#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technology^v=A#R:"Perigee/Apogee556/568 kmUA#R(Inclination105T=A#R&Period95.9 minm SM#j@" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus 01ZA#R2"Mass at launch500 kgS' aOperated by USAF, built by TRW from an Eagle platformIt carries autonomous navigation systems and a GPS receiver, in an attempt to reduce the need for ground controllers.<' * External resourcesY2' dhttp://www.plk.af.mil/PLhome/SUCCESS/taos.html8Q1\1 Q USA 102D5 : S" USA 102:Q# .Also called Darpasat1 '  Generalg gG#^@") Designation23031 / 94017B\A#R6Launch date13 Mar 1994t'g7M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesi"G#^D"H̀MissionMilitary: technology`7 A#R>"Perigee/Apogee550/550 km ?WW A#R,Inclination105 ?V A#R*Period95.9 min ?m W  M#j@" &㻦ʼnLaunch vehicleTaurus 01^ x D#X4"Mass at launch240 kgH$ $ HOperated by DARPA, built by Ball8x 1o2 < USA 103D < 5 : S" USA 103; w # 0Also called Trumpet 11 < '  Generalg w  G#^@") Designation23097 / 94026A[ j A#R4Launch date3 May 1994t' M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso(j M G#^P"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Trumpet)a A#R@"Perigee/Apogee1323/39034 kmVM A#R*Inclination64.4U YA#R(Period717.9 minkM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4$Y" 8 13 dBUSA 105Dd5 : S" USA 105< # 2Also called Jeroboam 11 d'  Generalg D@G#^@"D@) Designation23223 / 94054A\@A#R6Launch date27 Aug 1994t'D@AM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*@AG#^T"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT? (Jeroboam)VAAA#R* Geostationaryn/akAFBM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4kGAB$ Would feature a 150 m diameter antenna, built by Boeing and 4500 kg8FBB1x%4 B-CtFUSA 110DB-C5 : S" USA 110<BiC# 2Also called Jeroboam 21 -CC'  Generalg iCDG#^@") Designation23567 / 95022A\C]DA#R6Launch date14 May 1995t'DDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*]DBEG#^T"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT? (Jeroboam)\DEA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/akBE FM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4kGEtF$ Would feature a 150 m diameter antenna, built by Boeing and 4500 kg8 FF1B5 FFJUSA 112DtFF5 : S" USA 112;F+G# 0Also called Trumpet 21 F\G'  Generalg +GGG#^@") Designation23609 / 95034A\\GHA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1995t'GHM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso(HIG#^P"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Trumpet)`HbIA#R>"Perigee/ApogeeMolniya-likeTIIA#R&Inclinationn/aObIJA#RPeriodn/akIpJM#j<" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4&JJ# 8pJJ1%%Q6 JKNUSA 118DJK5 : S" USA 1181 JCK'  Generalg KKG#^@") Designation23855 / 96026A\CKLA#R6Launch date24 Apr 1996t'KzLM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesp)LLG#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Jeroboam)ZzLDMA#R2,Geostationary orbit?o"LMM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #16S/DMN$ ^The orbit and mission is only a supposition8M>N1B}7 >NNUSA 125DNN5 : S" USA 1251 >NN'  Generalg NOG#^@") Designation23945 / 96038A[NuOA#R4Launch date3 Jul 1996t'O M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesuO N^uOjG#^."H̀MissionMilitary:a ˀA#R@"Perigee/ApogeeMolniya-like?TjA#R&Inclinationn/aOˀnA#RPeriodn/ao"݁M#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #18&n# 8݁;1!Q8 ;oUSA 136D5 : S" USA 136;;# 0Also called Trumpet 31 '  Generalg RG#^@") Designation25034 / 97068A[A#R4Launch date8 Nov 1997t'R!M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso(G#^P"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Trumpet)p/!A#R^"Perigee/Apogee1100/39059 km (Molniya-like)VVA#R*Inclination63.6L A#RPeriodo"VM#jD" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 4 #23^:o$ tHas a 100 m diameter antenna. Should weigh 5 to 6 tons81}9 ΌUSA 137Do5 : S" USA 137;&# 0Also called Capricorn1 W'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation25148 / 98005A\WA#R6Launch date29 Jan 1998t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States_G#^0"H̀MissionMilitary: b!OA#RB"Perigee/Apogee40000 x 300 kmTA#R&Inclination63L OA#RPeriodq$`M#jH" &yjLaunch vehicleAtlas 2A #113'' It may be a follow-on to the SDS communications data relay satellites used to pass on spy satellite imaging data, and may also have either infrared missile warning or signals intelligence secondary payloads aboard. Another theory is that it may be the COBRA BRASS payload for infrared early warning satellite technology development, which was announced as due to fly this year.It is believed that Capricorn's ground station is the Defense complexe known as Area 58 located 20 miles south of Washington D.C.G#`Ό$ FCost: estimated at $250 million81V: J{USA 139DΌJ5 : S" USA 139<# 2Also called Jeroboam 31 J'  Generalg G#^@") Designation25336 / 98029A[yA#R4Launch date9 May 1998t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesq*y^G#^T"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT? (Jeroboam)YA#R0,Geostationary orbitk^.M#j<" &^].ΌLaunch vehicleTitan 4M#{* $F5i뉂Would be identical to USA 1109.1+:; V-StreamB{, (." Program: V-stream( Telecommunication program planned by Panamsat. It would be made of 12 satellites operating in V-band (50/40 GHz). 3 GHz bandwidth per satellite. Planned in the 2000sEach satellite would have high power spots, on-board processing and capable of inter-satellite linksPanAmSat has requested FCC authorization to operate the global V-band network in 11 orbital slots, ranging from 99W for service over North America to 124.5E for service over the Asia-Pacific. 1!1W< !uT+u) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&!# Bu1#= +Program: VanguardN+5 :4 &" Program: Vanguard* "+kQRAmerican experimental program. Eleven satellites where built but only 3 were successfully launched. See the Vanguard launch vehicle for details.1+1> >A R|u߀kkkProgram: VanguardVanguard 1Vanguard 2Vanguard 3; 1? Vanguard 1G5 :& &" Vanguard 1<X# 2Also called grapefruit1 '  Generalg XG#^@") Designation00005 / 58002B\LA#R6Launch date17 Mar 1958t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1L>M#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee656/3866 kmV>A#R*Inclination34.3UHA#R(Period133.2 mino"M#jD" &kQRLaunch vehicleVanguard #3_HA#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral[qA#R4"Mass at launch1.47 kgxT$ Sphere of 16 cm diameter. Carries a temperature sounder and a radio transmitter.; q$1'@ $kMVanguard 2Gk5 :& &" Vanguard 21 $'  Generalg kG#^@") Designation00011 / 59001A\_A#R6Launch date17 Feb 1959t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States~1_QM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee559/3047 kmVQA#R*Inclination32.9U[A#R(Period122.7 mino"M#jD" &kQRLaunch vehicleVanguard #8_[)A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$M" ; )1(A Vanguard 3GM5 :& &" Vanguard 31 '  General Mg sG#^@") Designation00020 / 59007A\ A#R6Launch date18 Sep 1959t'sCM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesr%M#jJ"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun study_CA#R<"Perigee/Apogee512/3412 kmVjA#R*Inclination33.3UA#R(Period126.3 minp#j/M#jF" &kQRLaunch vehicleVanguard #11_A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral$/" > 1:sB %Program: Vela5 %, (" Vela{X# American satellites to check the 1963 Moscow treaty: no atmospheric atomic explosions7%1 C  @Viking7 , (" Viking1 ?'  Generalg G#^@") Designation16614 / 86019B\?A#R6Launch date22 Feb 1986m oM#j@"N ,ˆtCountry of originSwedena A#R@OperatorSwedish Space Corp.@ocS#v"H̀(?vd;plMissionScientific: ionosphere and magnetosphere study`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee818/13521 kmVcA#R*Inclination98.8UnA#R(Period261.6 minn!M#jB" &C+Launch vehicleAriane V16n ' Designed to measure space plasma phenomena in the Earth's magnetosphere and produce UV images of the auroral zone. By September 1986 it had taken 20,000 images of the complete aurora.Cost: $18 million< ' *O External resourcesX1 e ' bhttp://nis-www.lanl.gov/~mgh/viking_desc.html8 ' "(OTechnical data8e ' " Specifications` 5 A#R>&Prime contractorSaab SpaceZ A#R2"Mass at launch538 kgW5 A#R,Payload mass60 kgS 9 A#R$Diameter1.9 mQ A#R Height0.5 mR9 A#R"DC power80 Wk* G A#RT Stabilizationmagneto-torquers (3 rpm)] A#R8$Design lifetime8 months&G # 1 '  Payload % 2 UV imagers & instruments to measure electric and magnetic fields, charged particles, and wave/particle interaction in the magnetosphereZ A#R2"Telemetry/dataS-bandV]A#R*Data rate55 kbpsSA#R$RF power2.5 W$] @"  @DP@1 s D P@@6MProgram: VisionstarD @@, (2" Program: Visionstar6P@B& !To operate a Ka-band GEO system. Licence granted by the FCC in May 1997.It should provide nationwide video programming in the US: over 100 national television channels plus regional and local programming. CelluarVision's Local Multipoint Distribution Service ("LMDS") system is to be used. It also proposes a broadband infrastructure offering distance learning, high-speed Internet services, interactive data and e-mail and video conferencing abilities. VisionStar proposes to offer services on a non-common carrier basis.T0@C$ `The cost is expected to reach $207.5 million1 BOC' O Contact?CC% 4Visionstar IncNew York1 OCC'  GeneralYCDG#^$") Designation`CxDA#R>Launch datebefore May 2002t'DDM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"xD[EM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^DEA#R:,Geostationary orbit113W\[EFG#^*" &Launch vehicleYEnFG#^$Launch site&FF# 8nFF' "(OTechnical data8FG' " SpecificationsVFZGA#R*&Prime contractorN GGA#RPlatformTZGGA#R&"Mass at launchSGOHA#R$ Mass in orbitOGHA#RDimensionQOHHA#R Solar arraySHBIA#R$ StabilizationN HIA#RDC powerUBIIA#R($Design lifetime&I J# 1 I>>>>>Program: VortexVortex 1Vortex 2Vortex 3Vortex 4Vortex 5Vortex 6961I aVortex 1Ea5 :"$ڀ" Vortex 11 '  Generalg aG#^@") Designation10941 / 78058A\UA#R6Launch date10 Jun 1978t'ɆM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateseU.G#^<"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT\ɆA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#.M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #111$" 9W1|J WXVortex 2E5 :"$ڀ" Vortex 21 W͈'  Generalg 4G#^@") Designation11558 / 79086A[͈A#R4Launch date1 Oct 1979t'4M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StatesehG#^<"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT\ĊA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#h4M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #118$ĊX" 941WK ֋Vortex 3EX֋5 :"$ڀ" Vortex 31 '  Generalg ֋nG#^@") Designation12930 / 81107A\ʌA#R6Launch date31 Oct 1981t'n>M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateseʌG#^<"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT\>A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#oM#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #127$" 9o̎1 |L ̎Vortex 4E5 :"$ڀ" Vortex 41 ̎B'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14675 / 84009A\BA#R6Launch date31 Jan 1984t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited StateseG#^<"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT\FA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #136$F" 91QWM XxVortex 5EX5 :"$ڀ" Vortex 59# ,Also called USA 0311 X'  Generalg )G#^@") Designation19458 / 88077A[A#R4Launch date2 Sep 1988t')M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statese]G#^<"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT\A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#])M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #149O+x$ VThe second burn of the transtage failed9)1'N Vortex 6Ex5 :"$ڀ" Vortex 69/# ,Also called USA 0371 `'  Generalg /G#^@") Designation19976 / 89035A\`#A#R6Launch date10 May 1989t'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statese#G#^<"H̀MissionMilitary: SIGINT\XA#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ap#M#jF" &^]Launch vehicleTitan 3 #151$X" 9%1O %fWebersatAf2 4 "  WebersatY0%) "`䵟Also called Microsat 3 or WO-18 or Oscar 181 f'  Generalg WG#^@") Designation20441 / 90005F\A#R6Launch date22 Jan 1990t'W'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications^'A#R:"Perigee/Apogee780/797 kmVJA#R*Inclination98.6UA#R(Period100.6 minn!J M#jB" &6D+Launch vehicleAriane V35}Y$ Designed at Weber State College (Ogden, Utah, USA), based on an Amsat-NA Microsat bus< ' *O External resources]6#' lhttp://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/nk6k/msatmain.html8[' "(Technical dataK#B#TUplink1200 bps Manchester coded (Biphase-L) FSK (FM) AX.25145.900 MHzt2[\B#TdNTSC modulated ATV (not in use?)1265.000 MHz&# \D#VDownlink1200 bps BPSK (SSB) AX.25, either one of the two frequencies below:437.075 MHz (LHCP in northern hemisphere), normal unfiltered PSK437.102 MHz (RHCP in northern hemisphere), Raised Cosine modulation$" > 1P GProgram: West>G, (&" Program: WestZ . *hOUWideband European Satellite TelecommunicationsProgram for a global satellite infrastructure, made of one or several GEO satellites and 9 MEO satellites. It is proposed to use Ka-band. It complements the East project.MMS which plans to be the prime contractor for the project is looking for investors to become the operator of the system.1G1Q TT+T) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register818UR  Westpac@T2 4"  Westpac9# ,Also called WPLTN 11 6'  GeneralfG#^>") Designation25398/ 98043Eg&6A#RLLaunch date10 Jul 1998 at 6:30 UTp#sM#jF"N ,Country of originAustralia\G#^*"H̀MissionGeodesy^s-A#R:"Perigee/Apogee817/819 kmVA#R*Inclination98.8U-A#R(Period101.3 minm EM#j@" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit #29G+ $lJTIs a copy of GFZ 1 It is a target for the Western Pacific Laser Tracking Network (WPLTN) and is a joint project of Electro Optic Systems of Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia, and the Russian Space Agency.8E' "(OTechnical data8G' " SpecificationsV A#R*&Prime contractorN [ A#RPlatformY A#R0"Mass at launch24 kgS[  A#R$ Mass in orbit_ f A#R<Dimensiondiameter: 0.24 mQ A#R Solar arraySf A#R$ StabilizationN X A#RDC powerU A#R($Design lifetime&X # @  1nS  _ Program: WestarL _ 5 :0Ag" Program: Westarg # American telecommunication program operated by the Western Union Telegraph and since 1988 by Hughes.1_  1T  W V |`//////Program: WestarWestar 1Westar 2Westar 3Westar 4Westar 5Westar 61 1UU A# FWestar 1, 2 & 3's specificationsZ A#R20"Mass at launch572 kgY>A#R00 Mass in orbit208 kgN ?A#R0DiameterL A#R0Heightb!? @A#RB0 StabilizationSpin stabilized @ N Z@A#R0DC power\ @@A#R60$Design lifetime7 yearsb!Z@AA#RB0Capacity14400 phone circuits$@GTH# 6Westar 4, 5 & 6's C-bandYHHA#R00(Main transponders24YTHIA#R00,Backup transpondersWH]IA#R,0Power7.5 W (TWTA)UIIA#R(0Bandwidth36 MHzN ]IJA#R0CoverageTITJA#R&0EIRP max34 dBWRJJA#R"0Polarization$TJJ" 9JK1Y KHKOWestar 1EJHK5 :"Ag" Westar 11 KyK'  Generalg HKKG#^@") Designation07250 / 74022A\yK# 5s'  End of life\>ύA#R6"Out of serviceNov 1991&s# 8ύ-' "(Technical dataLy0 08rhՉSpecificationsC-band9-1] Westar 5Ey5 :"Ag" Westar 51 ('  Generalg G#^@") Designation13269 / 82058A[( A#R4Launch date9 Jun 1982 yt'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso" M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications`OA#R>,Geostationary orbit122.5Ws&M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #162_O!A#R<Launch siteCape Canaveral&G# 5!|'  End of life\GA#R6"Out of serviceMay 1992&|# 86' "(Technical dataL0 08rhՉSpecificationsC-band961^ Westar 6E5 :"Ag" Westar 61 1'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14688 / 84011B[1A#R4Launch date3 Feb 1984t'gM#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Stateso"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications\g2A#R6,Geostationary orbitn/ajM#j:" &"Launch vehicleSTS 11c2/0 0*kPlaced on a bad orbit, it was retrieved on 16 Nov 1984 by STS 19. It then became Asiasat 1.8g' "(Technical dataL/0 08rhՉSpecificationsC-band: g1UՃ_ 'Dial-Wika:', (" Dial-Wika=d# 4Wissenschaftlich Kapsel1 ''  Generalg dG#^@") Designation04344 / 70017A\XA#R6Launch date10 Mar 1970n!M#jB"N , Country of originGermany~1XDM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee301/1631 kmUDA#R(Inclination5.4UMA#R(Period104.2 minn!M#jB" &A͉Launch vehicleDiamant #5@M$ 8First launch from Kourou50'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay5 Oct 1978$0" 71n` Wind 17 , (" Wind 11 H'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23333 / 94071Ag&HA#RLLaunch date1 Nov 1994 at 09:31 UTt'M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited States? A#R~OperatorNASA (part of the Global Geospace Science program)u(M#jP"H̀jMissionScientific: study of SunW A#R,"Perigee/Apogeen/aT6A#R&6Inclinationn/aOA#RPeriodn/ap#6M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #227[PA#R4"Mass at launch1200 kg5/ ,mQVCost: $173 million, Launched under the MELVS contractWind is a spacecraft in the International Solar-Terrestrial Program (ISTP). It carried instruments to measure the solar wind plasma and magnetic field, besides several instruments to measure very energetic particles and gamma rays. Operates together with PolarAfter several orbits extending to close proximity of the Moon (at about 60 Earth-radii) and involving several thrust-firings during that phase, the spacecraft will eventually reach the first Lagrangian point (L-1) located at about 275 Earth-radii in the Sun-ward direction and orbit around that point. Orbital parameters are very variable even during the first two years.L(P$ PBuilt by Martin Marietta Astra Space<5' *O External resourcesV/' ^http://ggsfot.gsfc.nasa.gov/words/wind.html8K' "(OTechnical datap$ Telemetry: 2275.5 MHz (realtime: 5.56 kbps, playback: 32 or 64 kbps)Command: 2094.9 MHz (realtime: 250 kbps)5K1 Ճa I@WIRE5 I, (" WIREN+# VAlso called Wide-Field Infrared Explorer1 I'  GeneralY!G#^$") Designatione$A#RHLaunch dateplanned in late-1998t'!M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesu(oM#jP"H̀_BMissionScientific: IR astronomy^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee440/520 kmVo# A#R*Inclination97.2L o A#RPeriodn!# M#jB" &GKTLaunch vehiclePegasus XLQo . A#R Launch siteq + $v>UUWIRE will use a single cryogenically cooled infrared telescope to survey selected target areas in two infrared bands. WIRE is specifically designed to detect the maximum number of high-red shift starburst galaxies using the smallest, simplest instrument possible. The WIRE survey will be over 500 times fainter than the IRAS Faint Source Survey at 12 and 25 m.<.  ' *O External resources}O . ,http://sunland.gsfc.nasa.gov/smex/wire/http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/wire/8 ' "(OTechnical data8 ' " SpecificationsV I A#R*&Prime contractorN A#RPlatformZI A#R2"Mass at launch250 kgS DA#R$ Mass in orbitO A#RDimensionQDA#R Solar arrayS7A#R$ StabilizationSA#R$DC power160 W]7 @A#R8$Design lifetime4 months @@( Telemetry: 2215 MHz (realtime: 23.4375 kbpsn playback: 1.125 or 2.25 Mbps)Command: 2039.65 MHz (2 kbps)Telescope: 30 cm Cassegrain1 @@1Wb @BAhAT+@BA) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&@hA# BBAA1.c AADProgram: WordstarOhAA5 :6$eT" Program: Worldstar!AD, &'䉂American program operated by Worldspace to reach the third World with digital radio sent by 3 satelllites. The satellites will be constructed by a consortium led by Alcatel Espace and launched from 1998 on. They will use L-band in DAB mode. The control center will be located in Toulouse, France.The Digital Audio Broadcasting service will transmit to a new generation of receiver called Starman, which will have a satellite antenna the size of a business card. It's been developed by Motorola.AD% ?A fourth satellite was ordered in May 1998 from Alcatel for $57.3 million. Should be used as ground spare for the moment (will be delivered in early 2000).1DE1Wd EcEET+DcE) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&EE# 1cEE1e E5F{:E5FA Rtu-SHgRPO}Program: WorldstarAfristarAsiastarCaribstar1EfF1Wf fFFFT+5FF) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&fFF# 1FG1Ug GpJJ@FQG# :Worldstar's specificationsd#GGA#RF&Prime contractorAlcatel Espace\QGHA#R6PlatformEurostar 2000+[GlHA#R4"Mass at launch2750 kgN HHA#RDry massa lHIA#R@Dimension2.6m x 1.8m x 2.3mQHlIA#R Solar arraySIIA#R$ StabilizationTlIJA#R&DC power5100 W]IpJA#R8$Design lifetime12 years$JJ" 1pJJ1Wh JK?KT+JK) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&J?K# 1KpK1ti pKO8?KK# *Worldstar's L-bandYpKLA#R0(Main transponders12ZK[LA#R2,Backup transponders6PLLA#RPower150 Wb![L MA#RBBandwidth16 kbps per channelFLMB#TCoverageUplink: globalDownlink; 3 beams with 4 transponders eachV MMA#R*EIRP max33.5 dBWh'MSNA#RN G/T-12.6 dB/K over the global beamKMNB#TFrequenciesUpload: 7.05 - 7.075 GHz (SCPC)Downlink: 1.467 - 1.492 GHzSNO) U288 channels (24 channels per transponder)a mono voice-only service requires 1 channela mono music service requires 2 channelsa stereo service requires 4 channels1N 1Wj `O OT+O`) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& # 7`1Umk Wresat7 , (" Wresat1 %'  Generalg G#^@") Designation03054 / 67118A\%A#R6Launch date29 Nov 1967p#XM#jF"N ,Country of originAustraliay2тG#^d"H̀MissionScientific: high atmosphere and sun?_X0A#R<"Perigee/Apogee198/1252 kmVтA#R*Inclination83.3T0ڃA#R&Period99.3 mini"CG#^D" &Launch vehicleRedstone (US)XڃA#R.Launch siteWoomeraYCA#R0"Mass at launch50 kg$" 6N1b.l NWSF 26 , (" WSF 2:N# .Wake Shield Facility1 '  Generalg VG#^@") Designation23669 / 95048Ch'A#RNLaunch date11 Sep 1995 at 11:25 UTt'V2M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesm&G#^L"H̀MissionScientific: MicrogravityZ2A#R2"Perigee/Apogee370 kmVOA#R*Inclination28.4TA#R&Period91.9 minjO M#j:" &Launch vehicleSTS 69gtJ#d:$Mass at launch1979 kg ' The WSF Free Flyer generates an ultra-hard vacuum in its wake for production of semiconductors and other experiments. WSF is built and operated by the Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center in Houston.Was troubled by control problems and overheating. 5tƊ'  End of life_%A#R<"Out of service14 Sep 1995l%ƊG#^JReentry18 Sep 1995 with STS 69$%" 41mm XMM4, (" XMM8U# *X-ray Multi-Mirror1 '  GeneralYUߌG#^$") Designationd#CA#RFLaunch dateplanned in Dec 1999m ߌM#j@"N ,4"Country of originEuroper%C"M#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomyb!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee7000/114000 kmT"؎A#R&Inclination60R*A#R"Period2 daysl؎M#j>" &2!Launch vehicleAriane 5Q* A#R Launch site qK}& ESA astronomy satellite worth DM 400 millionWill focus on black holes< ' *O External resourcesQ*} ' Thttp://astro.estec.esa.nl/XMM/xmm.html8B' "(OTechnical data8 z' " Specifications]BA#R8&Prime contractorDornierN z%A#RPlatform]A#R8"Mass at launch~ 4000 kgS%A#R$ Mass in orbitg&<A#RLDimension10 m long x 4 m diameterQA#R Solar arrayS<A#R$ StabilizationN .A#RDC power]A#R8$Design lifetime10 yearstP.$ Will carry 3 telescopes of 70 cm diameter (with 58 overlapping mirrors each)101Wn 0T+) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&0# 413Ӏo BXTE4, (" XTE}T) " X-ray Timing Explorer, Also called RXTE (Bruno B. Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer) 1 '  Generalg 'G#^@") Designation23757 / 95074Ae$A#RHLaunch date30 Dec 1995 13:48 UTt''M#jN"N ,㹌לCountry of originUnited Statesx+xM#jV"H̀_BMissionScientific: X-ray astronomy^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee565/583 kmTx*A#R&Inclination23T~A#R&Period96.1 minp#*M#jF" &p㉂Launch vehicleDelta 2 #230R+~@' WCost: $195 million, Launched under the MELVS contractDelta's new avionics system will use an array of redundant laser gyros and accelerometers to sense the vehicle's velocity and attitude movement, which includes its angular position and direction. The avionics system feeds data to onboard computers which control Delta 2's engines and power, engine start, main engine cutoff, staging and payload separation. The avionics system now has two power sources and is completely redundant. If one data system is lost, the other will complete the mission.<|' *O External resourcesQ*@' Thttp://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xte/8|' "(OTechnical data8=' "O Specifications"+ $u@ĘBuilt under coordination of NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center. It includes two high gain antennae, allowing an almost continuous telemetry stream using TDRS's Multiple Access mode. J#=l' FO Proportional Counter Array (PCE)R+"' WInstrument with large collecting area but low spatial resolution, for accurate timing and spectral measurements of bright X-ray sources. Built by the LHEA at GSFCThe PCA is an array of five proportional counters with a total collecting area of 6500 square cm. The instrumental properties are: ]l'A#R8'Energy range2 - 60 keV g&A#RL(Energy resolution&< 18% at 6 keV `'A#R>$Time resolution1 microsec v5dA#Rj*Spatial resolutioncollimator with 1 degree FWHM g&A#RLDetectors5 proportional counters d#d/A#RF$Collecting area6500 square cm LA#RLayers1 Propane veto; 3 Xenon, each split into two; 1 Xenon veto layer [/A#R4Sensitivity0.1 mCrab XoA#R.Background2 mCrab q$ Events detected by the PCA will be processed on board by the EDS before insertion into the telemetry stream. U.oY' \ High Energy X-ray Timing Experiment (HEXTE)g% Intrument built by CASS at UCSD which will study X-rays. HEXTE consists of two clusters each containing four phoswich scintillation counters. The clusters can rock at right angles to each other, with amplitudes of 1.5 or 3 degrees, to provide accurate background measurements. The total collecting area is 1600 square cm. The instrumental properties are: _YDA#R<Energy range20 - 250 keV h'A#RN(Energy resolution&< 18% at 60 keV a D A#R@$Time resolution10 microsec v5A#Rj*Spatial resolutioncollimator with 1 degree FWHM p/ A#R^Detectors2 times 4 scintillation counters d#WA#RF$Collecting area1600 square cm XA#R.PhoswichNaI / CsI ZW A#R2Sensitivity10 mCrab Zc A#R2Background100 mCrab  u % Events detected by HEXTE will be processed on board by its own data system before insertion into the telemetry stream. It will allow event mode, histogram binned mode, multiscalar mode, PHA/PSA spectral mode, and burst mode formats. ?c ' 0O All-Sky Monitor (ASM)u % ASM, built by the CSR at MIT, will spot X-ray flare stars and burst sources. It consists of three wide-angle shadow cameras equipped with proportional counters with a total collecting area of 90 square cm. The instrumental properties are: ] ) A#R8Energy range2 - 10 keV u4 A#Rh$Time resolution80% of the sky every 90 minutes a ) A#R@*Spatial resolution3' x 15' ~= } A#Rz6Number of shadow cameras3, each with 6 x 90 degrees FOV b! A#RB$Collecting area90 square cm }<} \A#RxDetectorXenon proportional counter, position-sensitive Z A#R2Sensitivity30 mCrab q\K$ Events detected by the ASM will be processed on board by the EDS before insertion into the telemetry stream. F' >O Experiment Data System (EDS)KA, &The EDS consists of eight Event Analyzers (EA), of which two are dAedicated to the PCA and six to the ASM. Each EA contains an Intel 80286 processor and associated memory. The EAs can be programmed independently to process incoming events from the instruments in any of the following modes: Transparent mode, using 1, 2, or 3 EAs Event mode, using 1 or 2 EAs Binned mode (time and/or energy) Burst catcher mode Fourier transform mode Pulsar fold mode Autocorrelation mode wR"B% Arrival time differences histogram mode It is being built by the CSR at MIT. <A^B' *O Downlink frequencyl"BB$ Telemetry: 2287.5 MHz (realtime: 16/32 kbps, playback: upto 1024 kbps)Command: 2106.4 MHz (1/0.125 kbps)?^B-C1p -ClCProgram: Yamal?BlC, ((" Program: YamalB-CE( 5Program of 2 Russian-built communication satellites operated by GasCom Corporation (Moscow). GasCom is a joint venture between RAO "Gazprom", the Russian natural gas monopoly, and RKK "Energia", the Russian aerospace company (design and operation of Mir).The first generation of satellites, called Yamal 100, are to be launched in 1997 by Proton. Slots reserved are: 19.5W and 75EA new generation called Yamal 200 is in preparation for 1999. They will use 28 C- and 16 Ku-band transponders with 35-40 and 54 dBW max respectively3 lCE' (OYamal 1008EF' " Specifications|;EFA#Rv&Prime contractorEnergia (payload: Space Systems/Loral)WFFA#R,PlatformYamal 100[FGGA#R4"Mass at launch1360 kgXFGA#R.Payload mass315 kgOGGGA#RDimensionQG?HA#R Solar arraySGHA#R$ StabilizationT?HHA#R&DC power2200 W]HCIA#R8$Design lifetime10 years&HiI# 0 CII'  C-bandYiIIA#R0(Main transponders10YIKJA#R0,Backup transpondersK IJA#RPowerOKJJA#RBandwidth]JBKA#R8Coveragemost of the CISTJKA#R&EIRP max40 dBWRBKKA#R"Polarization&KL# 3 KAL' (OYamal 2008LyL' " Specifications|;ALLA#Rv&Prime contractorEnergia (payload: Space Systems/Loral)WyLLMA#R,PlatformYamal 200[LMA#R4"Mass at launch2570 kgRLMMA#R"Payload massOMHNA#RDimensionQMNA#R Solar arraySHNNA#R$ StabilizationTN@OA#R&DC power3140 W]NOA#R8$Design lifetime12 years&@OO# 0 O '  C-bandO BYOeA#R0(Main transponders28Y A#R0,Backup transpondersK e A#RPowerOXA#RBandwidthd# A#RFCoveragemost of the CIS + AsiaTXA#R&EIRP max41 dBWRbA#R"Polarization&# 1 b'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders16YkA#R0,Backup transpondersK A#RPowerOkA#RBandwidthu4zA#RhCoveragemost of CIS, Northeast Asia + steerableT΄A#R&EIRP max49 dBWM zA#RG/T maxR΄mA#R"Polarization&# 3 mƅ' (OYamal 3008' " Specifications|;ƅzA#Rv&Prime contractorEnergia (payload: Space Systems/Loral)WцA#R,PlatformYamal 200[z,A#R4"Mass at launch2870 kgRц~A#R"Payload massO,͇A#RDimensionQ~A#R Solar arrayS͇qA#R$ StabilizationUƈA#R(DC power10000 W]q#A#R8$Design lifetime15 years&ƈI# 0 #y'  C-bandYI҉A#R0(Main transponders28Yy+A#R0,Backup transpondersK ҉vA#RPowerO+ŊA#RBandwidthd#v)A#RFCoveragemost of the CIS + AsiaTŊ}A#R&EIRP max41 dBWR)ϋA#R"Polarization&}# 1 ϋ&'  Ku-bandYA#R0(Main transponders20Y&،A#R0,Backup transpondersK #A#RPowerO،rA#RBandwidthl+#ލA#RVCoveragemost of CIS, India + steerableTr2A#R&EIRP max50 dBWM ލA#RG/T maxR2юA#R"Polarization&# 1ю(1Wq (|T+|) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&(# 4|֏1Ӏr ֏YES4, (" ֏ YES@֏V# :Young Engineers' Satellite1 '  Generalg VG#^@") Designation25025 / 97066C\JA#R6Launch date30 Oct 1997m M#j@"N ,4"Country of originEurope_JG#^0"H̀MissionTechnology`vA#R>"Perigee/Apogee545/26626 kmUA#R(Inclination7.7SvA#R$Period468 mino"M#jD" &xg&\Launch vehicleAriane V101a- (tYWas released by Maqsat H.Developed by Delta-Utec Space Research and Consultancy YES is a sub-satellite to study the dynamics of tethered satellites. It was designed, assembled and integrated in record time by young graduates and students at ESTEC. A GPS receiver is installed to evaluate the use of GPS for navigation, especially above the GPS satellite constellation. YES also contains technology validation experiments which will measure radiation, the solar angle and acceleration in autonomous mode, after separation from MAQSAT-H. It also carried a commercial technology PC and camera experiment.4' Originally it should have been tether-attached (double strand tether, 35 km).There is another 12 kg satellite, TORI (Tethered ORbit Insertable) that is attached to the other side of the tether and would also be released form MAQSAT-H, but due to the cancellation is still attached. TORI carries the first application of an 1.5 m absorptive tether in space as a passively extensible rod and for shock absorption. TORI carries some autonomous electronics that are part of the tether experiment.<p' *O External resourcesK$4' Hhttp://www.estec.esa.nl/teamsat/> p1js CProgram: YuriJC5 :,G" Program: Yuri & GMeans "tiger lily", also called BS (Broadcast Satellite)Japanese telecommunication program operated by Telecommunication Satellite Corporation of Japan (TSCJ)<CH' *O External resourcesa: ' thttp://yyy.tksc.nasda.go.jp/Home/This/This-e/bs_e.html1H1t bd O·㉂㉂㉂㉂㉂㉂ ㉂Program: YuriYuri 1Yuri 2AYuri 2BYuri 2XYuri 3AYuri 3BYuri 3HYuri 3N11Uu =# 4Yuri 2's specificationsq0A#R`0&Prime contractorToshiba with GE Astro SpaceUA#R(0PlatformGE 3000[/A#R40"Mass at launch1290 kgYA#R00 Mass in orbit760 kgb!/A#RB0Dimension1.2 x 1.32 x 2.89 mYCA#R00 Stabilization3 axisYA#R00DC powerBOL: 1400 W\CA#R60$Design lifetime5 years$" 1M1Uv M6# &Yuri 2's Ku-bandXMA#R.0(Main transponders2ZAA#R20A,Backup transponders1WA#R,0Power100 W (TWTA)UAA#R(0Bandwidth27 MHzN ;A#R0CoverageTA#R&0EIRP max54 dBWR;A#R"0Polarization$" 161Uw 6=s# 4Yuri 3's specificationsm,6A#RX0&Prime contractorNEC with GE Astro SpaceUs5A#R(0PlatformGE 3000[A#R40"Mass at launch1115 kgY5A#R00 Mass in orbit550 kgc"LA#RD0Dimension1.63 x 1.32 x 0.99 m\A#R60Solar array14.3 m spanYLA#R00 Stabilization3 axisYZA#R00DC powerBOL: 1443 W\A#R60$Design lifetime7 years$Z" 1 1Ux 6A# &Yuri 3's Ku-bandX A#R.0(Main transponders3ZAA#R20,Backup transponders3WJA#R,0Power120 W (TWTA)UA#R(0Bandwidth27 MHzN JA#R0CoverageTAA#R&0EIRP max54 dBWRA#R"0Polarization$A" 71jqy 1 j Yuri 1C1 5 :G" Yuri 16g # &Also called BS E1 1 '  Generalg g G#^@") Designation10792 / 78039A[ Z A#R4Launch date7 Apr 1978l M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"Z 5 M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^ A#R:,Geostationary orbit110Es&5  M#jL" &p㉂Launch vehicleThor Delta #140_ e A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralL' % NBus: Toshiba/GE SatcomOwner: NASDA5e '  End of life` F A#R>"Out of serviceJanuary 1982$ j " 8F 1ʀz kBYuri 2ADj 5 : G" Yuri 2A7 # (Also called BS 2A1 N'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14659 / 84005A\NA#R6Launch date23 Jan 1984l}M#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano" @M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications} @j ^}j@A#R:,Geostationary orbit110Ef @@M#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN2d?j@4A% ~Suffered from in-orbit equipment failuresOwner: NASDA/TSCJ5@iA'  End of lifeW4AAA#R,"Out of serviceyes&iAA# 8AB' "(Technical dataMAkB0 0:񝉀VSpecificationsKu-band8BB1qJ{ BBYGYuri 2BDkBB5 : G" Yuri 2B7BC# (Also called BS 2B1 BOC'  Generalg CCG#^@") Designation16597 / 86016A\OCDA#R6Launch date12 Feb 1986lC~DM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"DDM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^~DKEA#R:,Geostationary orbit110EfDEM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleN29KEE$ *Owner: NASDA/TSCJ5EF'  End of lifeWEvFA#R,"Out of serviceyes&FF# 8vFF' "(Technical dataSFYG2 4񝉀VSpecificationsKu-band2 out of 3 transponders failed 3 months after launch8FG1ʀ| GGIYuri 2XDYGG5 : G" Yuri 2X7G H# (Also called BS 2X5GAH'  End of life_ HHA#R<"Out of service23 Feb 1990k$AH IG#^H7D+CauseExplosed with Ariane V362H=I$ Owner: NHK8 IuI' "(Technical dataM=II0 0:񝉀VSpecificationsKu-band8uII1J҄} I>JOYuri 3ADI>J5 : G" Yuri 3A7IuJ# (Also called BS 3A1 >JJ'  Generalg uJ KG#^@") Designation20771 / 90077A\JiKA#R6Launch date28 Aug 1990l KKM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"iKDLM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications^KLA#R:,Geostationary orbit110EfDLMM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH1LM, &= ㉂Started having stability problems in Sep 1995 with a peak in November. Traffic had to be taken over by Yuri 3N which is less powerful.Owner: NASDA/TSCJ5MN'  End of life\McNA#R6"Out of serviceApr 1998&NN# 8cNN' "(Technical dataMNO0 0:O҉sҍVSpecificationsKu-band8NFO14~ FOOYuri 3HDOO5 : G" Yuri 3H7FOO# (Also called BS 3H1 O '  GeneralO O\OhA#R6Launch date19 Apr 1991l ԀM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"hCM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsdԀG#^:"/ۀ0Geostationary orbitn/av)CM#jR" &!{Launch vehicleAtlas Centaur #0702O$ Owner: NHK5'  End of life_OA#R<"Out of service19 Apr 1991Y<A#R0CauseLaunch failure% oThis satellite was a replacement for the Yuri 2X spacecraft which failed and was in turn a replacement for Yuri 2A spacecraft in orbit which had been suffering equipment failures.8<P' "(Technical dataM0 0:O҉sҍVSpecificationsKu-band8PՄ1҄ ՄYuri 3BD5 : G" Yuri 3B7ՄP# (Also called BS 3B1 '  Generalg PG#^@") Designation21668 / 91060A\DA#R6Launch date25 Aug 1991lM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"DM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit110EfM#j2" &JLaunch vehicleH19$$ *Owner: NASDA/TSCJ8\' "(Technical dataM$0 0:O҉sҍVSpecificationsKu-band8\1N %BYuri 3ND%5 : G" Yuri 3N7\# (Also called BS 3N1 %'  Generalg \G#^@") Designation23176 / 94040B[OA#R4Launch date8 Jul 1994lM#j>"N ,bCountry of originJapano"O*M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsfG#^>"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit110En!*M#jB" &D+Launch vehicleAriane V65_]D#X6"Mass at launch1210 kg6$ $Owner: NHK/JSB8]ˌ' "(Technical datawEB2 4O҉sҍVSpecificationsKu-bandEquipped with a Star 30BP apogee motor5ˌw1.  wZeya5 B, (" ZeyaD!w# BAlso called Mozhaets and RS 161 !'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24744 / 97010A[!A#R4Launch date4 Mar 1997jMM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀CV$MissionScientific: Geodesy`M)A#R>"P)Berigee/Apogee467 / 480 kmVA#R*Inclination97.3R)A#R"Period94 minn!?M#jB" &aKLaunch vehicleStart 1 #3&e# <?' *O External resourcesY2e' dhttp://www.users.wineasy.se/svengrahn/zeya.htm82' "(OTechnical data8j' " Specifications\2A#R6&Prime contractorNPO-PMi(j/A#RPPlatformpossibly based on Strela 1MYA#R0"Mass at launch87 kgS/A#R$ Mass in orbitO*A#RDimensionQ{A#R Solar arrayS*A#R$ StabilizationN {A#RDC powerUqA#R($Design lifetimeh3 4SThe satellite was designed by the students of the Mozhaiskiy military space engineering academy, in Saint PetersburgCarries 20 laser reflectors for geodesy and Glonass and GPS receivers.>q' . Transponders (RS-16)Ah+D#XBeacons29.408 MHz29.451 MHz435.504 MHz (1.6 W)435.548 MHzFqA#R a +A#R@Uplink145.915 - 145.948 MHzFqA#R g&A#RLDownlink29.415 - 29.448 MHz (4 W)*%  @1cd 5Program: CosmosL55 :0" Program: Cosmoss# Soviet denomination for satellites part of plenty of different programs. Some have a specific fact sheet in TSE:65'  Sub programscp /{!&!ְᇏ㼨ԟd퉂< 剂BionEorsatGeizerGeo-IKGlonassGonetsLuchParusRorsatStrelaTsikada< 1 X0Cosmos 0001HX5 :(qi" Cosmos 0001<# 2Also called Sputnik 111 X'  Generalg ,G#^@") Designation00266 / 62008A\A#R6Launch date16 Mar 1962j,M#j:"N , Country of originCISy,kM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee207/649 kmTkA#R&Inclination49TqA#R&Period93.1 minlM#j>" &r,梉Launch vehicleCosmos B]q:A#R8Launch siteKapustin Yar&`# 5:'  End of lifeV` A#R*Decay25 May 1962 $0" < l1{߃ lCosmos 0100H05 :(qi" Cosmos 01001 l'  Generalg LG#^@") Designation01843 / 65106A\A#R6Launch date17 Dec 1965jLM#j:"N , Country of originCISUgG#^"H̀Mission^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee485/547 kmTgA#R&Inclination65RkA#R"Period95 mino"M#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1$k" < :17 :Cosmos 0110H5 :(qi" Cosmos 01101 :'  Generalg G#^@") Designation02070 / 66015A\vA#R6Launch date22 Feb 1966jM#j:"N , Country of originCISUv5G#^"H̀Mission^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee181/887 kmV5A#R*Inclination51.8T=A#R&Period95.3 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY=A#R0Launch siteTyuratamN*M$ TStudy of animals and vegetals in space5'  End of lifeVMA#R*Decay16 Mar 1966$" < 8 1 8 Cosmos 0122H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 01221 8 '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation02254 / 66057A\ t A#R6Launch date25 Jun 1966j M#j:"N , Country of originCISht F M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee371/388 kmTF A#R&Inclination65T L A#R&Period92.1 mino" M#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1J&L  $ LFirst soviet meteorology satellite5 : '  End of lifeV A#R*Decay14 Nov 19898: ' "(Technical data< ) "&bSpecifications< @17̀ @CCosmos 0144H5 :(qi" Cosmos 01441 @'  Generalg  G#^@") Designation02695 / 67018A\|A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1967j  @M#j:"N , Country of originCIS| @h|t@M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^ @@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee574/644 kmVt@(AA#R*Inclination81.3T@|AA#R&Period96.9 mino"(AAM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1&|AB# 5AFB'  End of lifeVBBA#R*Decay14 Sep 19828FBB' "(Technical data<BC) "&bSpecifications< BLC1v LCCGCosmos 0169HCC5 :(qi" Cosmos 01691 LCC'  Generalg C,DG#^@") Designation02878 / 67069A\CDA#R6Launch date17 Jul 1967j,DDM#j:"N , Country of originCISUDGEG#^"H̀Mission^DEA#R:"Perigee/Apogee135/200 kmVGEEA#R*Inclination49.7TEOFA#R&Period87.8 min\EFG#^*" &Launch vehicleYOFGA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&F*G# 5G_G'  End of lifeV*GGA#R*Decay17 Jul 1967$_GG" < GH1̀# H]HLCosmos 0186HG]H5 :(qi" Cosmos 01861 HH'  Generalg ]HHG#^@") Designation03014 / 67105A\HQIA#R6Launch date27 Oct 1967jHIM#j:"N , Country of originCISUQIJG#^"H̀Mission^InJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee179/223 kmVJJA#R*Inclination51.6TnJKA#R&Period88.6 min\JtKG#^*" &Launch vehicleYKKA#R0Launch siteTyuratamItKL+ &<GځDocked with Cosmos 01885KKL'  End of lifeVLLA#R*Decay31 Oct 1967$KLL" < LM1o MIMCosmos 0188HLIM5 :(qi" Cosmos 01881 MzM'  Generalg IMMG#^@") Designation03020 / 67107A\zM=NA#R6Launch date30 Oct 1967jMNM#j:"N , Country of originCISU=NNG#^"H̀Mission^NZOA#R:"Perigee/Apogee180/247 kmVNOA#R*Inclination51.7TZOA#R&Period88.7 mOLin\OlG#^*" &Launch vehicleYŀA#R0Launch siteTyuratamIl+ &<EځDocked with Cosmos 01865ŀC'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay2 Nov 1967$C" < 1# @Cosmos 0368H@5 :(qi" Cosmos 03681 q'  Generalg @؂G#^@") Designation04571 / 70080A[q3A#R4Launch date8 Oct 1970j؂M#j:"N , Country of originCISU3G#^"H̀Mission^PA#R:"Perigee/Apogee202/383 kmTA#R&Inclination65TPA#R&Period90.4 min\TG#^*" &Launch vehicleYA#R0Launch siteTyuratamN*T$ TStudy of animals and vegetals in space50'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay14 Oct 1970$0" < 1o .Cosmos 0444H.5 :(qi" Cosmos 04441 _'  Generalg .ƇG#^@") Designation05547 / 71086A\_"A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971jƇM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/"S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`nA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1318/1507 kmT‰A#R&Inclination74UnA#R(Period114.1 minl‰M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY܊A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < ܊<1 <VCosmos 0445H5 :(qi" Cosmos 04451 <'  Generalg G#^@") Designation05548 / 71086B\xA#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/xdS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`čA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1348/1509 kmTdA#R&Inclination74UčmA#R(Period114.4 minlَM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYm2A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$َV" < 21 ڏCosmos 0446HVڏ5 :(qi" Cosmos 04461 '  ڏVGeneralg ڏ~G#^@") Designation05549 / 71086C\A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971j~DM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`D&A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1378/1509 kmTzA#R&Inclination74U&A#R(Period114.8 minlz;M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$;" < 1* <Cosmos 0447H<5 :(qi" Cosmos 04471 m'  Generalg <G#^@") Designation05550 / 71086D\m0A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/0S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`|A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1408/1512 kmTA#R&Inclination74U|%A#R(Period115.1 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY%A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < J1N JdCosmos 0448H5 :(qi" Cosmos 04481 J'  Generalg *G#^@") Designation05551 / 71086E\A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971j*M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/rS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1438/1514 kmTr&A#R&Inclination74U{A#R(Period115.5 minl&M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY{@A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$d" < @1* Cosmos 0449Hd5 :(qi" Cosmos 04491 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation05552 / 71086F\A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971jFM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`F(A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1480/1540 kmT|A#R&Inclination74U(A#R(Period116.2 minl|IM#j>"Id &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$I" < 1N> JCosmos 0450HJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 04501 {'  Generalg JG#^@") Designation05553 / 71086G\{>A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/>*S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1460/1527 kmT*A#R&Inclination74U3A#R(Period115.8 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY3A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < X1b Xr Cosmos 0451H5 :(qi" Cosmos 04511 X'  Generalg 8G#^@") Designation05554 / 71086H\A#R6Launch date13 Oct 1971j8M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1487/1571 kmT4A#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period116.6 minl4M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYN A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$r " < N 1> kCosmos 0500Hr 5 :(qi" Cosmos 05001 ' '  Generalg G#^@") Designation06097 / 72053A\' A#R6Launch date10 Jul 1972j T M#j:"N , Country of originCISw* M#jT"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina)^T ) A#R:"Perigee/Apogee505/548 kmT } A#R&Inclination74T) A#R&Period95.2 minl} = M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&= # 5 '  End of lifeV GA#R*Decay29 Mar 1980$ k" < G1 bˀ BCosmos 0504Hk5 :(qi" Cosmos 05041  '  Generalg G#^@") Designation06117 / 72057A\  @A#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972 @kjv@M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ @@S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`v@XAA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1319/1493 kmT@AA#R&Inclination74UXABA#R(Period113.9 minlAmBM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYBBA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$mBB" < B&C1 &CnC@GCosmos 0505HBnC5 :(qi" Cosmos 05051 &CC'  Generalg nCDG#^@") Designation06118 / 72057B\CbDA#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972jDDM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/bDNES#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`DEA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1349/1494 kmTNEFA#R&Inclination74UEWFA#R(Period114.3 minlFFM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYWFGA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$F@G" < G|G1ˀ |GGKCosmos 0506H@GG5 :(qi" Cosmos 05061 |GG'  Generalg G\HG#^@") Designation06119 / 72057C\GHA#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972j\H"IM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/HIS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`"IJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1380/1494 kmTIXJA#R&Inclination74UJJA#R(Period114.6 minlXJKM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYJrKA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$KK" < rKK1 KL Cosmos 0507HKL5 :(qi" Cosmos 05071 KKL'  Generalg LLG#^@") Designation06120 / 72057D\KLMA#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972jLxMM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/MMS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`xMZNA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1409/1494 kmTMNA#R&Inclination74UZNOA#R(Period114.9 minlNoOM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYOOA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$oO " O K< OH1$ HbCosmos 0508H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 05081 H'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation06121 / 72057E\A#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972j(M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/pS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`ЂA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1441/1493 kmTp$A#R&Inclination74UЂyA#R(Period115.3 minl$M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYy>A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$b" < >1H Cosmos 0509Hb5 :(qi" Cosmos 05091 '  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation06122 / 72057F\څA#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972j~DM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/څƆS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`D&A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1471/1496 kmTƆzA#R&Inclination74U&χA#R(Period115.6 minlz;M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYχA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$;" < 1$j < Cosmos 0510H<5 :(qi" Cosmos 05101 m'  Generalg <ԉG#^@") Designation06123 / 57057G\m0A#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972jԉM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/0S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`|A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1493/1507 kmTЋA#R&Inclination74S|#A#R$Period116 minlЋM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY#A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$ " < H1HM HnCosmos 0511H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 05111 H'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation06124 / 72057H\A#R6Launch date20 Jul 1972j(M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/pS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`ЏA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1493/1543 kmTp0A#R&Џ0 Inclination74UЏA#R(Period116.4 minl0M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYJA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$n" < J1jp Cosmos 0588Hn5 :(qi" Cosmos 05881 #'  Generalg G#^@") Designation06845 / 73069A[#A#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973jOM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`O1A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1446/1490 kmTA#R&Inclination74U1A#R(Period155.3 minlFM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$F" < 1M GCosmos 0589HG5 :(qi" Cosmos 05891 x'  Generalg GG#^@") Designation06846 / 73069B[x:A#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/:&S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1412/1486 kmT&A#R&Inclination74U/A#R(Period114.9 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY/A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < T1p TmCosmos 0590H5 :(qi" Cosmos 05901 T'  Generalg 4G#^@") Designation06847 / 73069C[A#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973j4M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/{S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1431/1485 kmT{/A#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period115.1 minl/M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYIA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$m" < I1 Cosmos 0591Hm5 :(qi" Cosmos 05911 "'  Generalg G#^@") Designation06848 / 73069D[" A#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973 mjvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`vXA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1344/1483 kmTA#R&Inclination74UXA#R(Period114.4 minlmM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$m" < &1 &n?Cosmos 0592Hn5 :(qi" Cosmos 05921 &'  Generalg nG#^@") Designation06849 / 73069E[aA#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/aMS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1328/1482 kmTMA#R&Inclination74UVA#R(Period133.9 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYVA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$?" < {1 { Cosmos 0593H?5 :(qi" Cosmos 05931 {'  Generalg [G#^@") Designation06850 / 73069F[A#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973j[ M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1361/1483 kmT V A#R&Inclination74U A#R(Period114.3 minlV  M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY p A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$ " < p 1  @Cosmos 0594H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 05941 I '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation06851 / 73069G[I A#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973j u M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`u WA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1378/1484 kmT A#R&Inclination74UWA#R(Period114.5 minllM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$l @"  @ < H@1# H@@aDCosmos 0595H @@5 :(qi" Cosmos 05951 H@@'  Generalg @(AG#^@") Designation06852 / 73069H[@AA#R4Launch date2 Oct 1973j(AAM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/AoBS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`ABA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1396/1483 kmToB#CA#R&Inclination74UBxCA#R(Period114.7 minl#CCM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYxC=DA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$CaD" #< =DD1{F DD/ICosmos 0596HaDD5 :(qi" Cosmos 05961 DE'  Generalg D}EG#^@") Designation06856 / 73070A[EEA#R4Launch date3 Oct 1973j}EBFM#j:"N , Country of originCIS\EFG#^*"H̀Missionspying?^BFFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee206/287 kmVFRGA#R*Inclination65.4TFGA#R&Period89.4 min\RGHG#^*" &Launch vehicleYG[HA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&HH# 5[HH'  End of lifeUH IA#R(Decay9 Oct 1973$H/I" < IkI1|#j kIIMCosmos 0597H/II5 :(qi" Cosmos 05971 kII'  Generalg IKJG#^@") Designation06858 / 73071A[IJA#R4Launch date6 Oct 1973jKJKM#j:"N , Country of originCIS\JlKG#^*"H̀Missionspying?^KKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee206/290 kmVlK LA#R*Inclination65.4TKtLA#R&Period89.5 min\ LLG#^*" &Launch vehicleYtL)MA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&LOM# 5)MM'  End of lifeVOMMA#R*Decay12 Oct 1973$MM" < M:N1F :NNڂCosmos 0598HMN5 :(qi" Cosmos 05981 :NN'  Generalg NOG#^@") Designation06862 / 73072A\NvOA#R6Launch date10 Oct 1973jOOM#j:"N , Country of originCIS\vOHG#^*OHM"H̀Missionspying?^OA#R:"Perigee/Apogee208/334 kmVHA#R*Inclination72.8TPA#R&Period89.9 min\G#^*" &Launch vehicleYPA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&+# 5`'  End of lifeV+A#R*Decay16 Oct 1973$`ڂ" < 1}j ^Cosmos 0599Hڂ^5 :(qi" Cosmos 05991 '  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation06867 / 73073A\RA#R6Launch date15 Oct 1973jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS\RG#^*"H̀Missionspying?^vA#R:"Perigee/Apogee202/280 kmV̅A#R*Inclination64.9Tv A#R&Period89.3 min\̅|G#^*" &Launch vehicleY ՆA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&|# 5Ն0'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay28 Oct 1973$0" < 1{ .xCosmos 0600H.5 :(qi" Cosmos 06001 _'  Generalg .ƈG#^@") Designation06873 / 73074A\_"A#R6Launch date16 Oct 1973jƈM#j:"N , Country of originCIS\"G#^*"H̀Missionspying?^FA#R:"Perigee/Apogee205/340 kmVA#R*Inclination72.8RFA#R"Period90 min\JG#^*" &Launch vehicleYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&Jɋ# 5'  End of lifeVɋTA#R*Decay23 Oct 1973$x" < T1 Cosmos 0605Hx5 :(qi" Cosmos 0605A=) "0Also called Bion 011 n'  Generalg =ՍG#^@") Designation06913 / 73083A\n1A#R6Launch date31 Oct 1973jՍM#j:"N , Country of originCISU1G#^"H̀Mission^NA#R:"Perigee/Apogee213/403 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8TN A#R&Period90.7 min xiuM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY A#R0Launch sitePlesetskN*u$ TStudy of animals and vegetals in space5Q'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay22 Nov 1973$Q" < 1 OCosmos 0637HO5 :(qi" Cosmos 06371 '  Generalg OG#^@") Designation07229 / 74017A\CA#R6Launch date26 Mar 1974jM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,C&M#jX"H̀‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunicationsh'A#RN"Perigee/Apogee35475/35819 km, 65EV&A#R*Inclination13,7T8A#R&Period1429 minn!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #46L(8$ PFirst Soviet geostationary satellite< .1 .vHCosmos 0641Hv5 :(qi" Cosmos 06411 .'  Generalg vG#^@") Designation07265 / 74024A\jA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/jVS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1385/1479 kmTV A#R&Inclination74U_A#R(Period114.5 minl M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY_$A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$H" < $1 Cosmos 0642HH5 :(qi" Cosmos 06421 '  Generalg dG#^@") Designation07266 / 74024B\A#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974jd*M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`* A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1316/1478 kmT`A#R&Inclination74U A#R(Period113.7 minl`!M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYzA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$!" < z1 "Cosmos 0643H"5 :(qi" Cosmos 06431 S'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation07267 / 74024C\S"A#R6Laun"ch date23 Apr 1974jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/"S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`nA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1350/1479 kmTA#R&Inclination74UnA#R(Period114.4 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < <1 <VCosmos 0644H5 :(qi" Cosmos 06441 <'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07268 / 74024D\xA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/xdS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1332/1479 kmTdA#R&Inclination74UmA#R(Period113.9 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYm2A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$V" < 21  Cosmos 0645HV5 :(qi" Cosmos 06451  '  Generalg rG#^@") Designation07269 / 74024E\ A#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974jr8 M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`8  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1367/1479 kmT n A#R&Inclination74U A#R(Period114.3 minln / M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$/ " < 1 0 @Cosmos 0646H 0 5 :(qi" Cosmos 06461 a '  Generalg 0 G#^@") Designation07270 / 74024F\a $ A#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974j M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/$ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)` pA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1402/1482 kmTA#R&Inclination74UpA#R(Period114.7 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$@" @ < J@1$ J@@dDCosmos 0647H@@5 :(qi" Cosmos 06471 J@@'  Generalg @*AG#^@") Designation07271 / 74024G\@AA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974j*AAM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ArBS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`ABA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1420/1481 kmTrB&CA#R&Inclination74UB{CA#R(Period114.9 minl&CCM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY{C@DA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$CdD" < @DD1H DDHCosmos 0648HdDD5 :(qi" Cosmos 06481 DE'  Generalg DEG#^@") Designation07272 / 74024H\EEA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1974jEFFM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/EFS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`FF(GA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1435/1487 kmTF|GA#R&Inclination74U(GGA#R(Period115.1 minl|G=HM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYGHA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$=HH" < HH1$l H>IMCosmos 0677HH>I5 :(qi" Cosmos 06771 HoI'  Generalg >IIG#^@") Designation07435 / 74072A\oI2JA#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974jIJM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/2JKS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`J~KA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1394/1464 kmTKKA#R&Inclination74U~K'LA#R(Period114.4 minlKLM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY'LLA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$LM" < LLM1HM LMMrCosmos 0678HMM5 :(qi" Cosmos 06781 LMM'  Generalg M,NG#^@") Designation07436 / 74072B\MNA#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974j,NNM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/NtOS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`NOA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1464/1530 kmTtO4A#R&O4MInclination74UOA#R(Period115.9 minl4M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYNA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$r" < N1lq ȅCosmos 0679Hr5 :(qi" Cosmos 06791 ''  Generalg G#^@") Designation07437 / 74072C\'A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974jTM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/փS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`T6A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1464/1508 kmTփA#R&Inclination74U6߄A#R(Period115.7 minlKM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY߄A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$Kȅ" < 1M LCosmos 0680HȅL5 :(qi" Cosmos 06801 }'  Generalg LG#^@") Designation07438 / 74072D\}@A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/@,S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1464/1489 kmT,A#R&Inclination74U5A#R(Period115.5 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY5A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < Z1q ZtCosmos 0681H5 :(qi" Cosmos 06811 Zӊ'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation07439 / 74072E\ӊA#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974j:M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1463/1470 kmT6A#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period115.3 minl6M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYPA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$t" < P1 ɀ Cosmos 0682Ht5 :(qi" Cosmos 06821 )'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07440 / 74072F\) A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974 tjvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`vXA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1450/1464 kmTA#R&Inclination74SXA#R$Period115 minlkM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$k" < $1 $l>Cosmos 0683Hl5 :(qi" Cosmos 06831 $'  Generalg lG#^@") Designation07441 / 74072G\`A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/`LS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1432/1464 kmTLA#R&Inclination74UUA#R(Period114.8 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYUA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$>" < z1ɀ zCosmos 0684H>5 :(qi" Cosmos 06841 z'  Generalg ZG#^@") Designation07442 / 74072H\A#R6Launch date19 Sep 1974jZ M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1413/1464 kmTVA#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period114.6 minlVM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYpA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < p1  Cosmos 0711H5 :(qi" Cosmos 07111 I'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07678 / 75016A\I A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975jvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`vXA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1459/1490 kmTA#R&Inclination74UXA#R(Period115.4 minlmM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$m "  < H1$ HbCosmos 0712H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 07121 H'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation07679 / 75016B\A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975j(M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/pS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1409/1488 kmTp$A#R&Inclination74UyA#R(Period114.8 minl$M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYy>A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$b" < >1H Cosmos 0713Hb5 :(qi" Cosmos 07131 '  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation07680 / 75016C\A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975j~DM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`D&A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1393/1485 kmTzA#R&Inclination74U&A#R(Period114.6 minlz;M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$;" < 1$l <  Cosmos 0714H< 5 :(qi" Cosmos 07141 m '  Generalg < G#^@") Designation07681 / 75016D\m 0 A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975j M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/0  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)` | A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1442/1489 kmT A#R&Inclination74U| % A#R(Period115.2 minl M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY% A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$  " < J 1HM J pACosmos 0715H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 07151 J '  Generalg *G#^@") Designation07682 / 75016E\ A#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975j*M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/rS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1467/1502 kmTr2@A#R&2@ Inclination74U@A#R(Period115.7 minl2@@M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY@LAA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$@pA" < LAA1lq AAECosmos 0716HpAA5 :(qi" Cosmos 07161 A%B'  Generalg ABG#^@") Designation07683 / 75016F\%BBA#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975jBRCM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/BCS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`RC4DA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1477/1512 kmTCDA#R&Inclination74U4DDA#R(Period115.9 minlDIEM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYDEA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$IEE" < EF1M FJFJCosmos 0717HEJF5 :(qi" Cosmos 07171 F{F'  Generalg JFFG#^@") Designation07684 / 75016G\{F>GA#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975jFGM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/>G*HS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`GHA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1477/1533 kmT*HHA#R&Inclination74UH3IA#R(Period116.1 minlHIM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY3IIA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$IJ" < IXJ1q XJJpNCosmos 0718HJJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 07181 XJJ'  Generalg J8KG#^@") Designation07685 / 75016H\JKA#R6Launch date28 Feb 1975j8KKM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/KLS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`KLA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1427/1487 kmTL4MA#R&Inclination74SLMA#R$Period115 minl4MMM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYMLNA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$MpN" < LNN1 NNCosmos 0732HpNN5 :(qi" Cosmos 07321 N%O'  Generalg NOG#^@") Designation07820 / 75045A\%O A#R6Launch date28 May 1975O pNjOvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`vXA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1401/1468 kmTA#R&Inclination74UXA#R(Period114.6 minlmM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYƂA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$m" < Ƃ&1 &n@Cosmos 0733Hn5 :(qi" Cosmos 07331 &'  Generalg nG#^@") Designation07822 / 75045B\bA#R6Launch date28 May 1975j̄M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/bNS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`̄A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1467/1552 kmTNA#R&Inclination74UWA#R(Period116.2 minlÆM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYWA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$Æ@" < |1 |ćCosmos 0734H@ć5 :(qi" Cosmos 07341 |'  Generalg ć\G#^@") Designation07823 / 75045C\A#R6Launch date28 May 1975j\"M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`"A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1441/1469 kmTXA#R&Inclination74SA#R$Period115 minlXM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYpA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < pЋ1 Ћ Cosmos 0735H5 :(qi" Cosmos 07351 ЋI'  Generalg G#^@") Designation07824 / 75045D\I A#R6Launch date28 May 1975jvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`vXA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1459/1472 kmTA#R&Inclination74UXA#R(Period115.2 minlmM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYƏA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$m " Ə < ƏH1$ HbCosmos 0736H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 07361 H'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation07825 / 75045E\A#R6Launch date28 May 1975j(M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/pS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1467/1484 kmTp$A#R&Inclination74UyA#R(Period115.5 minl$M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYy>A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$b" < >1H Cosmos 0737Hb5 :(qi" Cosmos 07371 '  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation07826 / 75045F\A#R6Launch date28 May 1975j~DM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`D&A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1468/1484 kmTzA#R&Inclination74U&A#R(Period115.9 minlz;M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$;" < 1$l <Cosmos 0738H<5 :(qi" Cosmos 07381 m'  Generalg <G#^@") Designation07827 / 75045G\m0A#R6Launch date28 May 1975jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/0S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`|A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1467/1506 kmTA#R&Inclination74U|%A#R(Period115.7 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY%A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < J1 HM JpCosmos 0739H5 :(qi" Cosmos 07391 J'  Generalg *G#^@") Designation07828 / 75045H\A#R6Launch date28 May 1975j*M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/rS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1421/1506 kmTr2A#R&2Inclination74UA#R(Period115.7 minl2M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYLA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$p" < L1bl %Cosmos 0775Hp5 :(qi" Cosmos 07751 %'  Generalg G#^@") Designation08357 / 75097A[%A#R4Launch date8 Oct 1975jQM#j:"N , Country of originCISSG#^"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko GEO, also called Prognoz 1st generation)]QHA#R8,Geostationary orbit25Wn!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #54o2H%= HeooooFirst satellite of the Oko series for early warning put on geostationary orbit. It was the same design as the Oko satellites on molniya type orbit. Four such satellites were launched: Cosmos 0775, Cosmos 1546, Cosmos 1629 and Cosmos1894. The replacement series is called Prognoz 2nd generation.< a1sM a Cosmos 0777H%5 :(qi" Cosmos 07771 a'  Generalg AG#^@") Designation08416 / 75102A\A#R6Launch date29 Oct 1975jAM#j:"N , Country of originCISU\G#^"H̀Mission^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee425/442 kmT\ A#R&Inclination65Tb A#R&Period93.9 min\ G#^*" &Launch vehicleYb  A#R0Launch siteTyuratam& = # 5 r '  End of lifeU= A#R(Decay3 Jun 1976$r " < ' 1 ' o @@Cosmos 0782H o 5 :(qi" Cosmos 0782A' ) "0Also called Bion 031 o '  Generalg H G#^@") Designation08450 / 75110A\ A#R6Launch date25 Nov 1975jH  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS_ m G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee218/384 kmVm !A#R*Inclination62.8T uA#R&Period90.5 mini!M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYu7A#R0Launch sitePlesetskN*$ TStudy of animals and vegetals in space57'  End of lifeV@A#R*Deca@ y15 Dec 1975$@@" < @|@1o |@@ECosmos 0936H@@@5 :(qi" Cosmos 0936A|@A) "0Also called Bion 041 @6A'  Generalg AAG#^@") Designation10172 / 77074A[6AAA#R4Launch date3 Aug 1977jAbBM#j:"N , Country of originCIS_ABG#^0"H̀MissionScientific^bBCA#R:"Perigee/Apogee219/396 kmVBuCA#R*Inclination62.8TCCA#R&Period90.6 miniuC2DM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYCDA#R0Launch sitePlesetskN*2DD$ TStudy of animals and vegetals in space5DE'  End of lifeVDdEA#R*Decay22 Aug 1977$EE" < dEE1MU E F(KCosmos 0954HE F5 :(qi" Cosmos 09541 E=F'  Generalg FFG#^@") Designation10361 / 77090A\=FGA#R6Launch date18 Sep 1977jFjGM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7GGM#jn"H̀d퉂MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Rorsat)^jGLHA#R:"Perigee/Apogee251/265 kmTGHA#R&Inclination65TLHHA#R&Period89.7 min\HPIG#^*" &Launch vehicleYHIA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&PII# 5IJ'  End of lifeVIZJA#R*Decay24 Jan 1978J(K+ $Gㅯ\&Decayed in Canada. It was equipped with a 508 kg Romachka nuclear reactor for power supply with 49 kg of uranium. The CIS payed $2.55 million as compensation< ZJdK1oq dKKvOCosmos 1000H(KK5 :(qi" Cosmos 10001 dKK'  Generalg KDLG#^@") Designation10776 / 78034A\KLA#R6Launch date31 Mar 1978jDL MM#j:"N , Country of originCISy&LMS#vL"H̀(シ 剂MissionNavigation (Tsikada)_ MMA#R<"Perigee/Apogee954/1006 kmVM8NA#R*Inclination82.9UMNA#R(Period104.7 minl8NNM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYNROA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$NvO" < ROO1U O _Cosmos 1094HvO 5 :(qi" Cosmos 1094O vO1 O='  Generalg G#^@") Designation11333 / 79033A\=A#R6Launch date18 Apr 1979jjM#j:"N , Country of originCISfЁG#^>"H̀MissionOcean observation^j.A#R:"Perigee/Apogee426/442 kmTЁA#R&Inclination65T.ւA#R&Period93.3 min\2G#^*" &Launch vehicleYւA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&2# 5'  End of lifeU;A#R(Decay7 Nov 1979$_" < ;1qp QCosmos 1267H_5 :(qi" Cosmos 1267G*) "<Also called TKS Merkur #21 ['  Generalg *…G#^@") Designation12419 / 81039A\[A#R6Launch date15 Apr 1981j…M#j:"N , Country of originCISU݆G#^"H̀Mission^;A#R:"Perigee/Apogee192/259 kmV݆A#R*Inclination51.6T;A#R&Period88.9 minn!SM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #88O+$ VFirst spacecraft to dock with Salyout 65S׈'  End of lifeV-A#R*Decay29 Jul 1982$׈Q" < -1 ՉdCosmos 1366HQՉ5 :(qi" Cosmos 13661 '  Generalg ՉmG#^@") Designation13177 / 82044A\ɊA#R6Launch date17 May 1982jm3M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7ɊS#vn"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications (Geizer)]3A#R8,Geostationary orbit80En!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #97&# 5'  End of life]@A#R8"Out of servicelate 1987$d" < @1p zCosmos 1402Hd5 :(qi" Cosmos 14021 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation13441 / 82084A\܎A#R6Launch date30 Aug 1982jFM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7܎ʏM#jn"H̀d퉂MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Rorsat)^F4A#R:ʏ4d"Perigee/Apogee250/266 kmVʏA#R*Inclination65.6T4A#R&Period89.6 min\:G#^*" &Launch vehicleYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam8:1 0ㅯ\&ㅯ\&This satellite was powered by a nuclear reactor which separated. The satellite itself decayed in 2 parts on 30 Dec 1982 and 23 Jan 1983 (Indian ocean) Those part were not, or not very radioactive. The nuclear engine decayed on 7 Feb 1983 in the Atlantic. 5'  End of lifeVVA#R*Decay23 Jan 1983$z" < V1 xCosmos 1443Hz5 :(qi" Cosmos 1443GE) "<Also called TKS Merkur #31 v'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation13868 / 83013A[v8A#R4Launch date2 Mar 1983jM#j:"N , Country of originCISU8G#^"H̀Mission^UA#R:"Perigee/Apogee194/261 kmVA#R*Inclination51.6RUA#R"Period89 mino"lM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #104]9$ rFirst spacecraft to dock with Salyout 7 (10 Mar 1983)5l'  End of lifeVTA#R*Decay19 Sep 1983$x" < T1 Cosmos 1540Hx5 :(qi" Cosmos 15401 -'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14783 / 84022A[-A#R4Launch date2 Mar 1984jYM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7S#vn"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications (Geizer)f%YIA#RJ,Geostationary orbit80E or 141Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #117&I# 5'  End of life]pA#R8"Out of servicelate 1988$" < p1& Cosmos 1546H5 :(qi" Cosmos 15461 I'  Generalg G#^@") Designation14867 / 84031A\I A#R6Launch date29 Mar 1984jvM#j:"N , Country of originCISS G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko GEO, also called Prognoz 1st generation)]vmA#R8,Geostationary orbit24Wo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #119&m# 5C'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes$C" < 1V BCosmos 1629HB5 :(qi" Cosmos 16291 s'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation15574 / 85016A\s6A#R6Launch date21 Feb 1985jM#j:"N , Country of originCISS6:G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko GEO, also called Prognoz 1st generation)]A#R8,Geostationary orbit24Wo":M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #130&,# 5a'  End of lifeW,A#R,"Out of serviceyes$a" < 1& ` Cosmos 1700H`5 :(qi" Cosmos 17001 '  Generalg `G#^@") Designation16199 / 85102A\TA#R6Launch date25 Oct 1985jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS4TES#vh"H̀(‰ᇏMissionMilitary: Telecommunications: Luch]A#R8,Geostationary orbit95Eo"EM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #136&7# 5l'  End of life\7A#R6"Out of serviceFeb 1995el- G#^<vEoCausereplaced by Luch 0&S # 8- ' "(Technical data<S ) "&CGSpecifications<  18V  K RCosmos 1738H K 5 :(qi" Cosmos 17381  | '  Generalg K G#^@") Designation16667 / 86027A[| > A#R4Launch date4 Apr 1986j M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7> 2 S#vn"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications (Geizer)_ A#R<,Geostationary orbit13.5Wo"2 M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #141& & # 5 [ '  End of life]& A#R8"Out of servicelate 1989&[ # 8 ' "(Technical data< R) "&$Specifications< 1 BCosmos 1849HR5 :(qi" Cosmos 18491 '  Generalg nG#^@") Designation18083 / 87048A[A#R4Launch date4 Jun 1987jn?@M#j:"N ?@R, Country of originCISf@G#^>"H̀MissionMilitary: warninga ?@AA#R@"Perigee/Apogee3104/37311 kmV@\AA#R*Inclination67.1SAAA#R$Period719 mink\ABM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYAsBA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$BB" < sBB1 BCFCosmos 1850HBC5 :(qi" Cosmos 18501 BLC'  Generalg CCG#^@") Designation18095 / 87049A[LCDA#R4Launch date9 Jun 1987jCxDM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/DDS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-1)^xDXEA#R:"Perigee/Apogee775/798 kmTDEA#R&Inclination74UXEFA#R(Period100.6 minlEmFM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYFFA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$mFF" < F&G1Ղ &GnG&KCosmos 1851HFnG5 :(qi" Cosmos 18511 &GG'  Generalg nGHG#^@") Designation18103 / 87050A\GbHA#R6Launch date12 Jun 1987jHHM#j:"N , Country of originCISfbH2IG#^>"H̀MissionMilitary: warninga HIA#R@"Perigee/Apogee3671/36713 kmV2IIA#R*Inclination65.5UI>JA#R(Period718.4 minkIJM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY>JKA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$J&K" < KbK1 bKK|OCosmos 1852H&KK5 :(qi" Cosmos 18521 bKK'  Generalg KBLG#^@") Designation18113 / 87051A\KLA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jBLMM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/LMS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`MMA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1471/1497 kmTM>NA#R&Inclination74UMNA#R(Period115.6 minl>NNM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYNXOA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$N|O" < XOO1Ղ O ރCosmos 1853H|O 5 :(qi" Cosmos 1853O |O1 O='  Generalg G#^@") Designation18114 / 87051B\=A#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jjM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`jLA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1470/1480 kmTA#R&Inclination74ULA#R(Period115.4 minlaM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$aރ" < 14 b4Cosmos 1854Hރb5 :(qi" Cosmos 18541 '  Generalg bG#^@") Designation18115 / 87051C\VA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/VBS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1456/1478 kmTBA#R&Inclination74UKA#R(Period115.3 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYKA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$4" < p1X pCosmos 1855H45 :(qi" Cosmos 18551 p'  Generalg PG#^@") Designation18116 / 87051D\A#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jPM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1444/1475 kmTLA#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period115.1 minlL M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYfA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$ " < fƌ149 ƌCosmos 1856H5 :(qi" Cosmos 18561 ƌ?'  Generalg G#^@") Designation18117 / 87051E\?A#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jlM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`lNA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1429/1475 kmTA#R&Inclination74UN A#R(Period114.9 min lxM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$x" < 11X] 1yKCosmos 1857Hy5 :(qi" Cosmos 18571 1'  Generalg yG#^@") Designation18118 / 87051F\mA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/mYS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1414/1475 kmTY A#R&Inclination74UbA#R(Period114.8 minl M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYb'A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$K" < '19 Cosmos 1858HK5 :(qi" Cosmos 18581 '  Generalg gG#^@") Designation18119 / 87051G\A#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jg-M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`-A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1399/1476 kmTcA#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period114.6 minlc$M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY}A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$$" < }1] %Cosmos 1859H%5 :(qi" Cosmos 18591 V'  Generalg %G#^@") Designation18120 / 87051H\VA#R6Launch date16 Jun 1987jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`eA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1385/1474 kmTA#R&Inclination74UeA#R(Period114.4 minlzM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$z" < 31@ 3{rCosmos 1860H{5 :(qi" Cosmos 18601 3'  Generalg {G#^@") Designation18122 / 87052A\oA#R6Launch date18 Jun 1987jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7oiM#jn"iH̀d퉂MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Rorsat)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee900/992 kmTiA#R&Inclination65SnA#R$Period104 min\G#^*" &Launch vehicleYn#A#R0Launch sitePlesetskO%r* $Jㅯ\&Equipped with a nuclear reactor< #1  FCosmos 1861Hr5 :(qi" Cosmos 18611 ''  Generalg G#^@") Designation18129 / 87054A\'A#R6Launch date23 Jun 1987jTM#j:"N , Country of originCISy&S#vL"H̀(シ 剂MissionNavigation (Tsikada)^T+A#R:"Perigee/Apogee996/996 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9U+A#R(Period104.9 minlBM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&B# 8' "(OTechnical data. '# Plane 12:a' & Radio Sputnik 10a 'A#R@beacon/robot29.357 Mhz (cw)a a#A#R@beacon/robot29.403 Mhz (cw)q0A#R` mode a uplink145.860 - 145.900 Mhz (ssb,cw)q0# A#R`$mode a downlink29.360 - 29.400 Mhz (ssb,cw)d#i A#RF"robot a uplink145.820 Mhz (cw)o. A#R\&robot a downlink29.357 or 29.403 Mhz (cw)a i 9 A#R@beacon/robot29.357 Mhz (cw)a A#R@beacon/robot29.403 Mhz (cw)o.9 A#R\ mode k uplink21.160 - 21.200 Mhz (ssb,cw)q0 z A#R`$mode k downlink29.360 - 29.400 Mhz (ssb,cw)c" A#RD"robot k uplink21.120 Mhz (cw)o.z L A#R\&robot k downlink29.357 or 29.403 Mhz (cw)b! A#RBbeacon/robot145.857 Mhz (cw)b!L  A#RBbeacon/robot145.903 Mhz (cw)o.  A#R\ mode t uplink21.160 - 21.200 Mhz (ssb,cw)s2 A#Rd$mode t downlink145.860 - 145.900 Mhz (ssb,cw)c" UA#RD"robot t uplink21.120 Mhz (cw)q0 A#R`&robot t downlink145.857 or 145.903 Mhz (cw)&U# :&' & Radio Sputnik 11a A#R@beacon/robot29.407 Mhz (cw)a & @A#R@beacon/robot29.453 Mhz (cw) @rq0}@A#R` mode a uplink145.910 - 145.950 Mhz (ssb,cw)q0 @@A#R`$mode a downlink29.410 - 29.450 Mhz (ssb,cw)d#}@RAA#RF"robot a uplink145.830 Mhz (cw)o.@AA#R\&robot a downlink29.407 or 29.453 Mhz (cw)a RA"BA#R@beacon/robot29.407 Mhz (cw)a ABA#R@beacon/robot29.453 Mhz (cw)o."BBA#R\ mode k uplink21.210 - 21.250 Mhz (ssb,cw)q0BcCA#R`$mode k downlink29.410 - 29.450 Mhz (ssb,cw)c"BCA#RD"robot k uplink21.130 Mhz (cw)o.cC5DA#R\&robot k downlink29.407 or 29.453 Mhz (cw)b!CDA#RBbeacon/robot145.907 Mhz (cw)b!5DDA#RBbeacon/robot145.953 Mhz (cw)o.DhEA#R\ mode t uplink21.210 - 21.250 Mhz (ssb,cw)s2DEA#Rd$mode t downlink145.910 - 145.950 Mhz (ssb,cw)c"hE>FA#RD"robot t uplink21.130 Mhz (cw)q0EFA#R`&robot t downlink145.907 or 145.953 Mhz (cw)$>FF" < FG18a GWG^LCosmos 1870HFWG5 :(qi" Cosmos 18701 GG'  Generalg WGGG#^@") Designation18225 / 87064A\GKHA#R6Launch date25 Jul 1987jGHM#j:"N , Country of originCIS-KH5IS#vZ"H̀(郉MissionRemote sensing (Almaz-T #2)^HIA#R:"Perigee/Apogee263/278 kmV5IIA#R*Inclination71.9TI=JA#R&Period89.9 mino"IJM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #154^=J KA#R:"Mass at launch15 to 20 tJK% Satellite developped with the United States, France, Finland and Sweden. The SAR module had a resolution of 15 to 30 meters.5 KK'  End of lifeVK:LA#R*Decay29 Jul 1989$K^L" < :LL1k LLCosmos 1887H^LL5 :(qi" Cosmos 1887AL#M) "0Also called Bion 081 LTM'  Generalg #MMG#^@") Designation18380 / 87083A\TMNA#R6Launch date29 Sep 1987jMNM#j:"N , Country of originCISUNNG#^"H̀Mission^N4OA#R:"Perigee/Apogee214/382 kmVNOA#R*Inclination62.8T4OOA#R&Period90.5 miniOSM#j8OS^L" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYOA#R0Launch sitePlesetskR.S$ \On board: 2 macaques, 10 rats and 6 fishes53'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay12 Oct 1987$3" < 10a 10Cosmos 1888H15 :(qi" Cosmos 18881 b'  Generalg 1ɂG#^@") Designation18384 / 87084A[b$A#R4Launch date1 Oct 1987jɂM#j:"N , Country of originCIS6$S#vl"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications: Geizerb!yA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #156&y# 2 @'  Locationʅm#:   " BeginEndPosition"@Vj#D"68L: 1 Oct 1987Aug 199080Eʅ߆j#>,.Sep 1990Dec 199413.5W&V# 5߆:'  End of life\A#R6"Out of serviceDec 1994&:# 8' "(Technical data<0) "&$Specifications< l1kH lNCosmos 1894H05 :(qi" Cosmos 18941 l'  Generalg LG#^@") Designation18443 / 87091A\A#R6Launch date28 Oct 1987jLM#j:"N , Country of originCISSG#^"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko GEO, also called Prognoz 1st generation)] A#R8,Geostationary orbit24Wo"xM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #157& # 5xӋ'  End of lifeW*A#R,"Out of serviceyes$ӋN" < *1.' ҌCosmos 1897HNҌ5 :(qi" Cosmos 18971 '  Generalg ҌjG#^@") Designation18575 / 87096A\ƍA#R6Launch date26 Nov 1987jj0M#j:"N , Country of originCIS4ƍS#vh"H̀(‰ᇏMissionMilitary: telecommunications: Luch]0A#R8,Geostationary orbit95Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #158&# 5ޏ'  End of lifeWAA#R,ޏAN"Out of serviceyes&ޏg# 8A' "(Technical data<g) "&CGSpecifications< 1HL _Cosmos 1923H_5 :(qi" Cosmos 19231 '  Generalg _G#^@") Designation18931 / 88015A\SA#R6Launch date10 Mar 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCISUSG#^"H̀Mission^pA#R:"Perigee/Apogee190/302 kmVA#R*Inclination72.9TpA#R&Period89.4 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 57'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay22 Mar 1988$7" < 1'p 5Cosmos 1924H55 :(qi" Cosmos 19241 f'  Generalg 5G#^@") Designation18937 / 88016A\f)A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/)S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`uA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1458/1512 kmTA#R&Inclination74UuA#R(Period115.7 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < C1L C]Cosmos 1925H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19251 C'  Generalg #G#^@") Designation18938 / 88016B\A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988j#M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/kS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1457/1495 kmTkA#R&Inclination74UtA#R(Period115.5 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYt9A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$]" < 91p Cosmos 1926H]5 :(qi" Cosmos 19261 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation18939 / 88016C\A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988jyKM#j:"K]N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`K-A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1458/1477 kmTA#R&Inclination74U-A#R(Period115.3 minlBM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$B" < 1 CCosmos 1927HC5 :(qi" Cosmos 19271 t'  Generalg CG#^@") Designation18940 / 88016D\t7A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/7#S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1452/1465 kmT#A#R&Inclination74U,A#R(Period115.1 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY,A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < Q1 Qk Cosmos 1928H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19281 Q'  Generalg 1G#^@") Designation18941 / 88016E\A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988j1M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/y S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1442/1459 kmTy - A#R&Inclination74U A#R(Period114.9 minl- M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY G A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$ k " < G 1 Cosmos 1929Hk 5 :(qi" Cosmos 19291 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation18942 / 88016F\ A#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988j M M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`M /A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1426/1459 kmT A#R&Inclination74U/A#R(Period114.7 minlDM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$D" <  @1$ @T@&DCosmos 1930 @HT@5 :(qi" Cosmos 19301 @@'  Generalg T@@G#^@") Designation18943 / 88016G\@HAA#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988j@AM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/HA4BS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`ABA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1412/1458 kmT4BBA#R&Inclination74UB=CA#R(Period114.6 minlBCM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY=CDA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$C&D" < DbD1H bDD|HCosmos 1931H&DD5 :(qi" Cosmos 19311 bDD'  Generalg DBEG#^@") Designation18944 / 88016H\DEA#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988jBEFM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/EFS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`FFA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1395/1459 kmTF>GA#R&Inclination74UFGA#R(Period114.4 minl>GGM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYGXHA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$G|H" < XHH1$ HIMCosmos 1932H|HI5 :(qi" Cosmos 19321 H1I'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation18957 / 88019A\1IIA#R6Launch date14 Mar 1988jI^JM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7IJM#jn"H̀d퉂MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Rorsat)_^JAKA#R<"Perigee/Apogee921/1007 kmTJKA#R&Inclination65UAKKA#R(Period104.4 min\KFLG#^*" &Launch vehicleYKLA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&FLL# 5LL'  End of life_LYMA#R<"Out of service20 May 1988O%LM* $Jㅯ\&Equipped with a nuclear reactor< YMM1Hi M,NCosmos 1933HM,N5 :(qi" Cosmos 19331 M]N'  Generalg ,NNG#^@") Designation18958 / 88020A\]N OA#R6Launch date15 Mar 1988jNOM#j:"N , Country of originCISy, OM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-DOM)^OmA#R:"Perigee/Apogee605/628 kmVÀA#R*Inclination82.5RmA#R"Period97 minq$ÀM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #67$" < 1 .Cosmos 1934H.5 :(qi" Cosmos 19341 _'  Generalg .ƂG#^@") Designation18985 / 88023A\_"A#R6Launch date22 Mar 1988jƂM#j:"N , Country of originCIS." S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_lA#R<"Perigee/Apogee946/1005 kmT A#R&Inclination83UlA#R(Period104.6 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYڅA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5څ5'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes&5# < 1i 6Cosmos 1935H65 :(qi" Cosmos 19351 g'  Generalg 6·G#^@") Designation19011 / 88025A\g*A#R6Launch date24 Mar 1988j·M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&*G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^_A#R:"Perigee/Apogee179/356 kmTA#R&Inclination67T_A#R&Period89.5 minipM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYɊA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&p# 5Ɋ$'  End of lifeUyA#R(Decay8 Apr 1988$$" < yً1 ً!Cosmos 1957H!5 :(qi" Cosmos 19571 ًR'  Generalg !G#^@") Designation19276 / 88057A[RA#R4Launch date7 Jul 1988j~M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^~IA#R:"Perigee/Apogee179/225 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6TIA#R&Period88.5 mini\M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&\ۏ# 5'  ۏEnd of lifeVۏrA#R*Decay21 Jul 1988$" < r1I yCosmos 1958H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19581 K'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19320 / 88060A\KA#R6Launch date14 Jul 1988jxM#j:"N , Country of originCIS_G#^0"H̀MissionMilitary: ^x5A#R:"Perigee/Apogee360/411 kmVA#R*Inclination65.8T5A#R&Period92.3 minlKM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&K# 5'  End of lifeVUA#R*Decay21 Mar 1969$y" < U1 Cosmos 1959Hy5 :(qi" Cosmos 19591 .'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19324 / 88062A\.A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1988j[M#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_[;A#R<"Perigee/Apogee952/1002 kmTA#R&Inclination83U;A#R(Period104.6 minlPM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&P# 5'  End of lifeW[A#R,"Out of serviceyes&# < [1I _Cosmos 1960H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19601 6'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19338 / 88065A\6A#R6Launch date28 Jul 1988jcM#j:"N , Country of originCIS]G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^cA#R:"Perigee/Apogee369/379 kmVtA#R*Inclination65.8RA#R"Period92 minlt2M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&2# 5'  End of lifeU;A#R(Decay9 Apr 1990$_" < ;1& Cosmos 1961H_ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 1961 _1 ='  Generalg G#^@") Designation19344 / 88066A[=A#R4Launch date1 Aug 1988jiM#j:"N , Country of originCIS6S#vl"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications: Geizerb!iTA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #169&T# : #- */ۀ Locationv^#0 BeginEndPosition$#'j#H"68L: 1 Aug 1988Mar 199213.5Wj#8,.Apr 1992mid 19930E&'# 5'  End of life\dA#R6"Out of servicemid 1993&# 8d' "(Technical data<) "&$Specifications< :1 : Cosmos 1962H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19621 :'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19372 / 88068A[uA#R4Launch date8 Aug 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&uLG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee205/265 kmTLA#R&Inclination70TR A#R&Period89.2 mini M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYR  A#R0Launch siteTyuratam& : # 5 o '  End of lifeV: A#R*Decay22 Aug 1988$o " < % 1 % m @Cosmos 1963H m 5 :(qi" Cosmos 19631 % '  Generalg m  G#^@") Designation19384 / 88070A\ a A#R6Launch date16 Aug 1988j M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&a 8 G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/350 kmV8 A#R*Inclination64.8T @A#R&Period89.8 mini M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY@A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&(# 5]'  End of lifeU(A#R(Decay2 Oct 1988$] @"  @ < H@1: H@@DCosmos 1964H @@5 :(qi" Cosmos 19641 H@@'  Generalg @(AG#^@") Designation19412 / 88072A\@AA#R6Launch date23 Aug 1988j(AAM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&A[BG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ABA#R:"Perigee/Apogee206/271 kmT[B CA#R&Inclination70TBaCA#R&Period89.3 mini CCM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYaC#DA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&CID# 5#D~D'  End of lifeUIDDA#R(Decay7 Sep 1988$~DD" < D3E1 3E{EICosmos 1965HD{E5 :(qi" Cosmos 19651 3EE'  Generalg {EFG#^@") Designation19414 / 88073A\EoFA#R6Launch date23 Aug 1988jFFM#j:"N , Country of originCISw0oFPGG#^`"H̀MissionMilitary: remote sensing (Priroda)^FGA#R:"Perigee/Apogee179/228 kmVPGHA#R*Inclination82.3TGXHA#R&Period88.6 miniHHM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYXHIA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&H@I# 5IuI'  End of lifeV@IIA#R*Decay22 Sep 1988$uII" < I+J1: +JsJENCosmos 1966HIsJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 19661 +JJ'  Generalg sJ KG#^@") Designation19445 / 88076A\JgKA#R6Launch date30 Aug 1988j KKM#j:"N , Country of originCIS9gKQLG#^r"H̀MissionMilitary: telecommunications (experimental)a KLA#R@"Perigee/Apogee2592/37777 kmVQLMA#R*Inclination67.4UL]MA#R(Period718.1 minkMMM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY]M!NA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$MEN" < !NN1 NN>Cosmos 1967HENN5 :(qi" Cosmos 19671 NN'  Generalg NaOG#^@") Designation19462 / 88079A[NOA#R4Launch date6 Sep 1988jaO2M#j:"N ,O2EN Country of originCISm&OG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^2A#R:"Perigee/Apogee191/380 kmVSA#R*Inclination72.9TA#R&Period90.2 miniSM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYiA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5iĂ'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay15 Sep 1988$Ă>" < z1 zƒ+Cosmos 1968H>ƒ5 :(qi" Cosmos 19681 z'  Generalg ƒZG#^@") Designation19488 / 88082A[A#R4Launch date9 Sep 1988jZM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: remote sensing^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/230 kmV@A#R*Inclination82.3TA#R&Period88.6 mini@M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYVA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&|# 5V'  End of lifeV|A#R*Decay23 Sep 1988$+" < g1@ gCosmos 1969H+5 :(qi" Cosmos 19691 g'  Generalg GG#^@") Designation19495 / 88084A\A#R6Launch date15 Sep 1988jG M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&zG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ ؊A#R:"Perigee/Apogee165/344 kmVz.A#R*Inclination67.1T؊A#R&Period89.6 mini.M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYDA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&j# 5D'  End of lifeVjA#R*Decay13 Nov 1988$" < U18 UCosmos 1970H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19701 U΍'  Generalg 5G#^@") Designation19501 / 88085A\΍A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1988j5M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#kM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!͏A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19099/19159 kmVk/A#R*͏/Inclination65.7U͏A#R(Period675.7 mino"/M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #171$" < S1@> SCosmos 1971H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19711 S'  Generalg 3G#^@") Designation19502 / 88085B\A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1988j3M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#iM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19099/19159 kmVi!A#R*Inclination65.7TuA#R&Period675.7 kmo"!M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #171$u" < D18E DCosmos 1972H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19721 D'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation19503 / 88085C\A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1988j$M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#ZM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19113/19145 kmVZA#R*Inclination65.7UgA#R(Period675.7 mino"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #171$g" < 61> 6~Cosmos 1973H~5 :(qi" Cosmos 19731 6'  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation19521 / 88088A\rA#R6Launch date22 Sep 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&rIG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee192/359 kmVIA#R*Inclination72.8ROA#R"Period90 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYOA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&7# 5l'  End of lifeV7A#R*Decay10 Oct 1988$l" < "1Ei "jCosmos 1974Hj5 :(qi" Cosmos 19741 "'  Generalg jG#^@") Designation19554 / 88092A[]A#R4Launch date3 Oct 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCISf]9G#^>"H̀9MissionMilitary: warninga A#R@"Perigee/Apogee3323/37025 kmV9A#R*Inclination64.7UEA#R(Period717.7 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$E" < 1v XCosmos 1975HX5 :(qi" Cosmos 19751 '  Generalg XG#^@") Designation19573 / 88093A\LA#R6Launch date11 Oct 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,L/M#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-D)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee604/634 kmV/A#R*Inclination82.5T7A#R&Period97.1 minq$M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #72$7" < 1i P Cosmos 1976HP5 :(qi" Cosmos 19761 '  Generalg PG#^@") Designation19582 / 88094A\DA#R6Launch date13 Oct 1988jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&DG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^yA#R:"Perigee/Apogee190/366 kmVA#R*Inclination72.9Ty# A#R&Period90.1 mini M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY# A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& # 5 @ '  End of lifeV A#R*Decay27 Oct 1988$@ " < 1v > Cosmos 1977H > 5 :(qi" Cosmos 19771 o '  Generalg > G#^@") Designation19608 / 88096A\o 2 A#R6Launch date25 Oct 1988j M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&2 G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissancea j A#R@"Perigee/Apogee3263/37085 kmV A#R*Inclination64.7Uj A#R(Period717.7 mink M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < 91 9CCosmos 1978H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19781 9'  Generalg %@G#^@") Desig%@nation19612 / 88097A\@A#R6Launch date27 Oct 1988j%@@M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&@XAG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^@AA#R:"Perigee/Apogee190/364 kmVXA BA#R*Inclination72.9TA`BA#R&Period90.1 mini BBM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY`B"CA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&BHC# 5"C}C'  End of lifeVHCCA#R*Decay10 Nov 1988$}CC" < C3D1|# 3D{DHCosmos 1979HC{D5 :(qi" Cosmos 19791 3DD'  Generalg {DEG#^@") Designation19647 / 88101A\DoEA#R6Launch date18 Nov 1988jEEM#j:"N , Country of originCIS]oE6FG#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^EFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee402/415 kmT6FFA#R&Inclination65TFJA#R6Launch date23 Nov 1988jIJM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,>J!KM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^JKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee840/850 kmT!KKA#R&Inclination71UK(LA#R(Period101.8 miniKLM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit$(LL" < LL1#\ L9MCosmos 1982HL9M5 :(qi" Cosmos 19821 LjM'  Generalg 9MMG#^@") Designation19662 / 88105A\jM-NA#R6Launch date30 Nov 1988jMNM#j:"N , Country of originCISy2-NOG#^d"H̀MissionMilitary: photography reconnaissance^NnOA#R:"Perigee/Apogee204/377 kmTOOA#R&Inclination70TnO"A#R&O"LPeriod90.3 miniOM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY"A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& # 5?'  End of lifeV A#R*Decay14 Dec 1988$?" < 1' =Cosmos 1983H=5 :(qi" Cosmos 19831 n'  Generalg =ՂG#^@") Designation19672 / 88107A[n0A#R4Launch date8 Dec 1988jՂM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&0G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^eA#R:"Perigee/Apogee243/256 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8TeA#R&Period89.5 minixM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYхA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&x# 5х,'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay22 Dec 1988$," < 1\ *Cosmos 1984H*5 :(qi" Cosmos 19841 ['  Generalg *‡G#^@") Designation19705 / 88110A\[A#R6Launch date16 Dec 1988j‡M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^SA#R:"Perigee/Apogee186/323 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8TSA#R&Period89.6 minifM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&f# 5'  End of lifeVpA#R*Decay13 Feb 1989$" < pЋ1e ЋXCosmos 1985H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19851 ЋI'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19720 / 88113A\I A#R6Launch date23 Dec 1988jvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS< M#jx"H̀ MissionMilitary: radar calibration (Radar-Cal-2 #1)^v]A#R:"Perigee/Apogee206/220 kmVA#R*Inclination73.5T]A#R&Period88.8 minq$xM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #73&# 5xӏ'  End of lifeU4A#R(ӏ4Decay4 May 1992$ӏX" < 41< CCosmos 1986HX5 :(qi" Cosmos 19861 '  Generalg tG#^@") Designation19734 / 88116A\ A#R6Launch date29 Dec 1988jt:M#j:"N , Country of originCISj#G#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: observation^:A#R:"Perigee/Apogee193/289 kmVXA#R*Inclination64.8TA#R&Period89.3 miniXM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYnA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&# 5n'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay11 Feb 1989$C" < 1 +Cosmos 1987HC5 :(qi" Cosmos 1987D ) "6Also called Glonass 401 <'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19749 / 89001A\<A#R6Launch date10 Jan 1989jiM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!i;A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19113/19145 kmVA#R*Inclination64.9U;A#R(Period675.7 mino"UM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #174&{# 5U'  End of lifeW{A#R,"Out of serviceyes$+" < g1<̃ gCosmos 1988H+5 :(qi" Cosmos 1988Dg) "6Also called Glonass 411 $'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19750 / 89001B\$A#R6Launch date10 Jan 1989jQM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!Q#A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19111/19147 kmTwA#R&Inclination65U#A#R(Period675.7 mino"w;M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #174&a# 5;'  End of lifeWaA#R,"Out of serviceyes$" < M1 MCosmos 1989H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19891 M'  Generalg 9G#^@")9 Designation19751 / 89001C\A#R6Launch date10 Jan 1989j9M#j:"N , Country of originCISs&rM#jL"H̀シMissionNavigation (Etalon #1)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19097/19152 kmVr*A#R*Inclination64.9UA#R(Period675.5 mino"*M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #174$" < N1̃ N Cosmos 1990H5 :(qi" Cosmos 19901 N'  Generalg .G#^@") Designation19756 / 89002A\A#R6Launch date12 Jan 1989j.M#j:"N , Country of originCISw0kG#^`"H̀MissionMilitary: remote sensing (Priroda)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/227 kmVkA#R*Inclination82.6TsA#R&Period88.5 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYs5A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&[# 55'  End of lifeV[A#R*Decay11 Feb 1989$ " < F1W F Cosmos 1991H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 19911 F'  Generalg & G#^@") Designation19758 / 89003A\ A#R6Launch date18 Jan 1989j& M#j:"N , Country of originCISw0 c G#^`"H̀MissionMilitary: remote sensing (Priroda)^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee204/375 kmTc  A#R&Inclination70T i A#R&Period90.3 mini M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYi + A#R0Launch siteTyuratam& Q # 5+ '  End of lifeUQ A#R(Decay1 Feb 1989$ " < ; 1M ; _ACosmos 1992H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 19921 ; '  Generalg G#^@") Designation19769 / 89005A\ wA#R6Launch date26 Jan 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/wcS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee764/798 kmTc!@A#R&!@ Inclination74Uv@A#R(Period100.5 minl!@@M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYv@;AA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$@_A" < ;AA1W AAMFCosmos 1993H_AA5 :(qi" Cosmos 19931 AB'  Generalg A{BG#^@") Designation19774 / 89007A\BBA#R6Launch date28 Jan 1989j{BACM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&BCG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^AC DA#R:"Perigee/Apogee171/347 kmVCbDA#R*Inclination64.8T DDA#R&Period89.7 minibDEM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYDxEA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&EE# 5xEE'  End of lifeVE)FA#R*Decay27 Mar 1989$EMF" < )FF1M FFQJCosmos 1994HMFF5 :(qi" Cosmos 19941 FG'  Generalg FiGG#^@") Designation19785 / 89009A\GGA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989jiG/HM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/GHS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`/HIA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1391/1414 kmVHgIA#R*Inclination82.6UIIA#R(Period113.9 minq$gI-JM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #74$IQJ" < -JJ1 JJUNCosmos 1995HQJJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 19951 JK'  Generalg JmKG#^@") Designation19786 / 89009B\KKA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989jmK3LM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/KLS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`3LMA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1409/1415 kmVLkMA#R*Inclination82.6UMMA#R(Period114.1 minq$kM1NM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #74$MUN" < 1NN1! NNcCosmos 1996HUNN5 :(qi" Cosmos 19961 N O'  Generalg NqOG#^@") Designation19787 / 89009C\ OOA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989jqOCM#j:"N OCUN, Country of originCIS/OŀS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`C%A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1403/1414 kmVŀ{A#R*Inclination82.6S%΁A#R$Period114 minq${?M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #74$΁c" < ?1" gCosmos 1997Hc5 :(qi" Cosmos 19971 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation19788 / 89009D\ۃA#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989jEM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ۃDŽS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`E'A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1397/1414 kmVDŽ}A#R*Inclination82.6U'҅A#R(Period113.9 minq$}CM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #74$҅g" < C1# kCosmos 1998Hg5 :(qi" Cosmos 19981 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation19789 / 89009E\߇A#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989jIM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/߇ˈS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`I+A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1387/1414 kmVˈA#R*Inclination82.6U+։A#R(Period113.8 minq$GM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #74$։k" < G1$ oCosmos 1999Hk5 :(qi" Cosmos 19991 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation19790 / 89009F\ A#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989jMM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/όS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`M/A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1381/1414 kmVόA#R*Inclination82.6U/ڍA#R(Period113.7 minq$KM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #74$ڍo" < K1ր% tCosmos 2000Ho5 :(qi" Cosmos 20001 $'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19792 / 89010A\$ A#R6Launch date10 Feb 1989 ojvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS` G#^2"H̀MissionMilitary: ?^v4A#R:"Perigee/Apogee175/243 kmVA#R*Inclination82.3T4A#R&Period88.7 miniGM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&G# 5'  End of lifeUPA#R(Decay2 Mar 1989$t" < P1& Cosmos 2001Ht5 :(qi" Cosmos 20011 )'  Generalg G#^@") Designation19796 / 89011A\)A#R6Launch date14 Feb 1989jVM#j:"N , Country of originCISfG#^>"H̀MissionMilitary: warninga VA#R@"Perigee/Apogee2437/37977 kmVsA#R*Inclination66.5SA#R$Period719 minks1M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$1" < 1ր-' 2Cosmos 2002H25 :(qi" Cosmos 20021 c'  Generalg 2G#^@") Designation19800 / 89012A\c&A#R6Launch date14 Feb 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp)&G#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration__A#R<"Perigee/Apogee179/1525 kmVA#R*Inclination65.8S_A#R$Period102 minltM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&t# 5('  End of lifeV~A#R*Decay15 Oct 1989$(" < ~1[( &Cosmos 2003H&5 :(qi" Cosmos 20031 W'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation19818 / 89015A\WA#R6Launch date17 Feb 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^OA#R:"Perigee/Apogee244/255 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8TO A#R&Period89.5 min iuM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&u# 5)'  End of lifeU~A#R(Decay3 Mar 1989$)" < ~1h-) &]Cosmos 2004H&5 :(qi" Cosmos 20041 W'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation19826 / 89017A\WA#R6Launch date22 Feb 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISgM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_JA#R<"Perigee/Apogee968/1015 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9UJA#R(Period104.9 minlaM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&a# 8' "(OTechnical dataE"]# DDownlink frequency: 149.940 MHz< 1[* J Cosmos 2005H]5 :(qi" Cosmos 20051 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation19862 / 89019A[A#R4Launch date2 Mar 1989jy>M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^> A#R:"Perigee/Apogee188/324 kmV_ A#R*Inclination62.8T A#R&Period89.6 mini_  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY u A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& # 5u '  End of lifeV & A#R*Decay25 Apr 1989$ J " < & 1+ A@Cosmos 2006HJ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 20061 '  Generalg f G#^@") Designation19893 / 89022A\ A#R6Launch date16 Mar 1989jf , M#j:"N , Country of originCISj# G#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: observation^, A#R:"Perigee/Apogee240/380 kmV JA#R*Inclination62.8T A#R&Period90.7 miniJM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY`A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5`'  End of lifeV@A#R*Dec@J ay31 Mar 1989$A@" < @}@1P, }@@@ECosmos 2007HA@@5 :(qi" Cosmos 20071 }@@'  Generalg @]AG#^@") Designation19900 / 89024A\@AA#R6Launch date23 Mar 1989j]A#BM#j:"N , Country of originCIS~7ABG#^n"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (5th generation)^#BBA#R:"Perigee/Apogee224/262 kmVBUCA#R*Inclination64.7TBCA#R&Period89.4 miniUCDM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYCkDA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&DD# 5kDD'  End of lifeVDEA#R*Decay22 Sep 1989$D@E" < E|E1t- |EEICosmos 2008H@EE5 :(qi" Cosmos 20081 |EE'  Generalg E\FG#^@") Designation19902 / 89025A\EFA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989j\F"GM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/FGS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`"GHA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1391/1469 kmTGXHA#R&Inclination74UHHA#R(Period114.4 minlXHIM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYHrIA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$II" < rII1P. IJMCosmos 2009HIJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 20091 IKJ'  Generalg JJG#^@") Designation19903 / 89025B\KJKA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jJxKM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/KKS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`xKZLA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1406/1470 kmTKLA#R&Inclination74UZLMA#R(Period114.6 minlLoMM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYMMA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$oMM" < M(N1t/ (NpNNCosmos 2010HMpN5 :(qi" Cosmos 20101 (NN'  Generalg pNOG#^@") Designation19904 / 89025C\NdOA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jOOM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/dO\S#v^"HO\M(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`OA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1421/1470 kmT\A#R&Inclination74UeA#R(Period114.8 minlсM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYe*A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$сN" < *10 ҂Cosmos 2011HN҂5 :(qi" Cosmos 20111 '  Generalg ҂jG#^@") Designation19905 / 89025D\ƃA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jj0M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ƃS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`0A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1437/1470 kmTfA#R&Inclination74SA#R$Period115 minlf%M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY~A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$%" < ~ކ11 ކ&Cosmos 2012H&5 :(qi" Cosmos 20121 ކW'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation19906 / 89025E\WA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`fA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1453/1470 kmTA#R&Inclination74UfA#R(Period115.1 minl{M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYԊA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk${" < Ԋ412 4|NCosmos 2013H|5 :(qi" Cosmos 20131 4'  Generalg |G#^@") Designation19907 / 89025F\pA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jڌM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/p\S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`ڌA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1462/1478 kmT\A#R&Inclination74UeA#R(Period115.3 minlюM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYe*A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$юN" < *13 ҏCosmos 2014HNҏ5 :(qi" Cosmos 20141 '  GeneraҏNlg ҏvG#^@") Designation19908 / 89025G\A#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jv<M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`<A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1469/1487 kmTrA#R&Inclination74UA#R(Period115.5 minlr3M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlestesk$3" < 1*4 4Cosmos 2015H45 :(qi" Cosmos 20151 e'  Generalg 4G#^@") Designation19909 / 89025H\e(A#R6Launch date24 Mar 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/(S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`tA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1467/1507 kmTA#R&Inclination74UtA#R(Period115.7 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < B175 B?Cosmos 2016H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20161 B'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation19921 / 89028A[}A#R4Launch date4 Apr 1989j"M#j:"N , Country of originCISg}NM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee952/1010 kmTNA#R&Inclination83UVA#R(Period104.7 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYVA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$?" < {1*@6 {:Cosmos 2017H?5 :(qi" Cosmos 20171 {'  Generalg [G#^@") Designation19923 / 89029A[A#R4Launch date6 Apr 1989j[ M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee244/260 kmVAA#R*Inclination62.8TA#R&Period89.6 miniA M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz ?YeA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& # 5e'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay19 Apr 1989$:" < v177 v.Cosmos 2018H:5 :(qi" Cosmos 20181 v'  Generalg VG#^@") Designation19938 / 89031A\A#R6Launch date20 Apr 1989jVM#j:"N , Country of originCISz-M#jZ"H̀シMissionMilitary: Navigation (Tsigal)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee185/327 kmVJA#R*Inclination62.9TA#R&Period89.6 minbJG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosYYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5Y'  End of lifeV A#R*Decay19 Jun 1989$." < j1@8 j Cosmos 2019H.5 :(qi" Cosmos 20191 j'  Generalg JG#^@") Designation19972 / 89034A[A#R4Launch date5 May 1989jJM#j:"N , Country of originCISj#yG#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: observation^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee241/256 kmVy- A#R*Inclination62.9T A#R&Period89.5 mini-  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY C A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& i # 5C  '  End of lifeVi  A#R*Decay18 May 1989$  " < T 19 T  0@Cosmos 2020H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 20201 T  '  Generalg 4 G#^@") Designation19986 / 89036A\  A#R6Launch date17 May 1989j4  M#j:"N , Country of originCISm& g G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/280 kmVg A#R*Inclination64.8T oA#R&Period89.7 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYo1A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&W# 51'  End of lifeVW @A#R*Decay15 Jul 1989 @ $0@" < @l@1>: l@@ECosmos 2021H0@@5 :(qi" Cosmos 20211 l@@'  Generalg @LAG#^@") Designation20000 / 89037A\@AA#R6Launch date24 May 1989jLABM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&ABG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^BBA#R:"Perigee/Apogee204/280 kmVB3CA#R*Inclination69.9TBCA#R&Period89.4 mini3CCM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYCIDA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&CoD# 5IDD'  End of lifeUoDDA#R(Decay6 Jul 1989$DE" < DYE1; YEEJCosmos 2022HEE5 :(qi" Cosmos 2022DYEE) "6Also called Glonass 421 EF'  Generalg E}FG#^@") Designation20024 / 89039A\FFA#R6Launch date31 May 1989j}FCGM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#FGM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!CGHA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19119/19139 kmVGkHA#R*Inclination65.5UHHA#R(Period675.7 mino"kH/IM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #177&HUI# 5/II'  End of lifeWUIIA#R,"Out of serviceyes$IJ" < IAJ1>Ѓ< AJJNCosmos 2023HJJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 2023DAJJ) "6Also called Glonass 431 JJ'  Generalg JeKG#^@") Designation20025 / 89039b\JKA#R6Launch date31 May 1989jeK+LM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#KLM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!+LLA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19087/19170 kmVLSMA#R*Inclination65.5ULMA#R(Period675.7 mino"SMNM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #177&M=N# 5NrN'  End of lifeW=NNA#R,"Out of serviceyes$rNN" < N)O1= )OqOCosmos 2024HNqO5 :(qi" Cosmos 20241 )OO'  Generalg qOG#^@") Designation20026 /ON 89039C\OqA#R6Launch date31 May 1989jۀM#j:"N , Country of originCISr+qMG#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: geodesy (Etalon #2)b!ۀA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19095/19146 kmVMA#R*Inclination65.5UZA#R(Period675.4 mino"ɂM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #177$Z" < ɂ)1Ѓ > )qڇCosmos 2025Hq5 :(qi" Cosmos 20251 )'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation20035 / 89040A[dA#R4Launch date1 Jun 1989j ΄M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&d;G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^΄A#R:"Perigee/Apogee236/256 kmV;A#R*Inclination62.8TCA#R&Period89.4 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYCA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&+# 5`'  End of lifeV+A#R*Decay15 Jun 1989$`ڇ" < 1fO? ^Cosmos 2026Hڇ^5 :(qi" Cosmos 20261 '  Generalg ^G#^@") Designation20045 / 89042A[QA#R4Launch date7 Jun 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISgQ"M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee948/1006 kmV"׊A#R*Inclination82.9U,A#R(Period104.6 minl׊M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY,A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 8O' "(OTechnical dataD!# BDownlink frequency: 149.97 MHz< Oό1 _@ όCosmos 2027H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20271 όH'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20064 / 89045A\H A#R6Launch date14 Jun 1989juM#j:"N , Country of originCISp) G#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration^uCA#R:"Perigee/Apogee394/427 kmVA#R*Inclination65.8TC A#R&Period92.8 min lxM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&x# 5,'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay14 Apr 1992$," < 1OA *Cosmos 2028H*5 :(qi" Cosmos 20281 ['  Generalg *G#^@") Designation20073 / 89047A\[A#R6Launch date16 Jun 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^SA#R:"Perigee/Apogee204/243 kmTA#R&Inclination70RSA#R"Period89 minibM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&b# 5'  End of lifeUkA#R(Decay6 Jul 1989$" < k1_ӂB |Cosmos 2029H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20291 D'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20105 / 89051A[DA#R4Launch date5 Jul 1989jpM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^p;A#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/238 kmVA#R*Inclination82.3T;A#R&Period88.7 miniNM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&N# 5'  End of lifeVXA#R*Decay19 Jul 1989$|" < X1C Cosmos 2030H|5 :(qi" Cosmos 20301 1'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20124 / 89054A\1A#R6Launch date12 Jul 1989j^M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^^)A#R:"Perigee/Apogee162/349 kmVA#R*Inclination67.2T)A#R&Period89.6 mini<M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&<# 5 '  End of life |VbA#R*Decay29 Jul 1989$ " < b1ӂDD  dCosmos 2031H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 20311 ;'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20136 / 89056A\;A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1989jhM#j:"N , Country of originCIS]G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^h#A#R:"Perigee/Apogee211/264 kmVyA#R*Inclination50.4T#A#R&Period89.6 miniy6M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&6# 5'  End of lifeV@A#R*Decay15 Sep 1989$d" < @1E Q Cosmos 2032Hd5 :(qi" Cosmos 20321 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation20145 / 89057A\A#R6Launch date20 Jul 1989jFM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^FA#R:"Perigee/Apogee179/241 kmVgA#R*Inclination82.3TA#R&Period88.7 minig$ M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY} A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&$  # 5}  '  End of lifeU - A#R(Decay3 Aug 1989$ Q " < -  1{DF  Cosmos 2033HQ  5 :(qi" Cosmos 20331  '  Generalg m G#^@") Designation20147 / 89058A\  A#R6Launch date24 Jul 1989jm 3 M#j:"N , Country of originCIS]  G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^3  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee196/322 kmT B A#R&Inclination65T  A#R&Period89.7 min\B  G#^*" &Launch vehicleY KA#R0Launch siteTyuratam& q# 5K'  End of lifeUqA#R(Decay6 Jan 1991$" < [1ҀG [gCCosmos 2034H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20341 ['  Generalg G@G#^@"G@) Designation20149 / 89059A\@A#R6Launch date25 Jul 1989jG@ AM#j:"N , Country of originCISg@tAM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_ AAA#R<"Perigee/Apogee962/1010 kmVtA)BA#R*Inclination82.9UA~BA#R(Period104.8 minl)BBM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY~BCCA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$BgC" < CCC1 H CCQHCosmos 2035HgCC5 :(qi" Cosmos 20351 CD'  Generalg CDG#^@") Designation20151 / 89060A[DDA#R4Launch date2 Aug 1989jDHEM#j:"N , Country of originCISj#DEG#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: observation^HEFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/306 kmVEfFA#R*Inclination82.6TFFA#R&Period88.6 minifF#GM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYF|GA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&#GG# 5|GG'  End of lifeVG-HA#R*Decay16 Aug 1989$GQH" < -HH1ҀGI HH>MCosmos 2036HQHH5 :(qi" Cosmos 20361 HI'  Generalg HmIG#^@") Designation20188 / 89065A\IIA#R6Launch date22 Aug 1989jmI3JM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&IJG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^3JJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee244/259 kmVJTKA#R*Inclination62.8TJKA#R&Period89.5 miniTKLM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYKjLA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&LL# 5jLL'  End of lifeULMA#R(Decay5 Sep 1989$L>M" < MzM1 MJ zMMSCosmos 2037H>MM5 :(qi" Cosmos 20371 zMM'  Generalg MZNG#^@") Designation20196 / 89068A\MNA#R6Launch date28 Aug 1989jZN OM#j:"N , Country of originCIS0NOY#`"H̀4CV$!& MissionScientific: geodesy (Geo-IK)` OA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1482/O>M1522 kmVOkA#R*Inclination73.6SA#R$Period116 minq$k/M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #77$S" < /1G`K ׁWCosmos 2038HSׁ5 :(qi" Cosmos 20381 '  Generalg ׁoG#^@") Designation20232 / 89074A\˂A#R6Launch date14 Sep 1989jo5M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/˂S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`5A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1389/1408 kmVmA#R*Inclination82.6U„A#R(Period113.8 minq$m3M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #78$„W" < 31MsL ۅ[Cosmos 2039HWۅ5 :(qi" Cosmos 20391  '  Generalg ۅsG#^@") Designation20233 / 89074B\ φA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1989js9M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/φS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`9A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1382/1408 kmVqA#R*Inclination82.6UƈA#R(Period113.7 minq$q7M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #78$ƈ[" < 71`M ߉]Cosmos 2040H[߉5 :(qi" Cosmos 20401 '  Generalg ߉wG#^@") Designation20234 / 89074C\ӊA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1989jw=M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ӊS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`=A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1407/1413 kmVuA#R*Inclination82.6SȌA#R$Period114 minq$u9M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #78$Ȍ]" < 91sON mCosmos 2041H]5 :(qi" Cosmos 20411 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation20235 / 89074D\ՎA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1989jy?M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ՎS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`?-A#R>"-]Perigee/Apogee1394/1408 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6U-A#R(Period113.8 minq$IM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #78$m" < I1bO qCosmos 2042Hm5 :(qi" Cosmos 20421 "'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20236 / 89074E\"A#R6Launch date14 Sep 1989jOM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`O1A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1398/1409 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6U1A#R(Period113.9 minq$MM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #78$q" < M1OuP uCosmos 2043Hq5 :(qi" Cosmos 20431 &'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20237 / 89074F\&A#R6Launch date14 Sep 1989jSM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`S5A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1406/1407 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6U5A#R(Period113.9 minq$QM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #78$u" < Q1jbVQ 2Cosmos 2044Hu5 :(qi" Cosmos 2044P'I) "NAlso called BioCosmos 9 or Bion 091 z'  Generalg IG#^@") Designation20242 / 89075A\z=A#R6Launch date15 Sep 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS_=G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^dA#R:"Perigee/Apogee203/264 kmVA#R*Inclination82.3TdA#R&Period89.2 miniwM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetskw% Satellite with German, Austrian, Canadian, Danish, Spanish, American, French, Hungarian, Norwegian, Rumanian, Swiss and Czech experiments.5'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay29 Sep 1989$2" < n1uR n?Cosmos 2045H25 :(qi" Cosmos 20451 n '  General 2g sG#^@") Designation20244 / 89076A\ A#R6Launch date22 Sep 1989js9M#j:"N , Country of originCISj#G#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: observation^9A#R:"Perigee/Apogee205/295 kmTUA#R&Inclination70TA#R&Period89.5 miniUM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYkA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&# 5k'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay2 Oct 1989$?" < {1VUS {, Cosmos 2047H?5 :(qi" Cosmos 20471 {'  Generalg [G#^@") Designation20279 / 89082A[A#R4Launch date3 Oct 1989j[ M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee165/330 kmVAA#R*Inclination67.1TA#R&Period89.5 miniAM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYWA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&}# 5W'  End of lifeV} A#R*Decay21 Nov 1989$, " <  h 1T h  Cosmos 2048H,  5 :(qi" Cosmos 20481 h  '  Generalg H G#^@") Designation20292 / 89083A\  A#R6Launch date17 Oct 1989jH  M#j:"N , Country of originCISm& { G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee253/269 kmV{ / A#R*Inclination62.6T  A#R&Period89.7 mini/  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY E A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& k # 5E  '  End of lifeVk  A#R*Decay26 Oct 1989$ " < V1U؀U V)CCosmos 2049H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20491 V'  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation20320 / 89088A\A#R6Launch date17 Nov 1989j6 @M#j:"N , Country of originCIS @~7@G#^n"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (5th generation)^ @@A#R:"Perigee/Apogee232/251 kmV@>AA#R*Inclination64.8T@AA#R&Period89.3 mini>AAM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYATBA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&AzB# 5TBB'  End of lifeVzBCA#R*Decay19 Jun 1990$B)C" < CeC1V eCCeGCosmos 2050H)CC5 :(qi" Cosmos 20501 eCC'  Generalg CEDG#^@") Designation20330 / 89091A\CDA#R6Launch date23 Nov 1989jED EM#j:"N , Country of originCISfDqEG#^>"H̀MissionMilitary: warninga EEA#R@"Perigee/Apogee2273/38112 kmVqE(FA#R*Inclination62.7UE}FA#R(Period718.4 mink(FFM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY}FAGA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$FeG" < AGG1~؀W GG6LCosmos 2051HeGG5 :(qi" Cosmos 20511 GH'  Generalg GHG#^@") Designation20334 / 89092A\HHA#R6Launch date24 Nov 1989jHGIM#j:"N , Country of originCIS]HIG#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^GIJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee293/310 kmVIXJA#R*Inclination64.9TJJA#R&Period90.6 min\XJKG#^*" &Launch vehicleYJaKA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&KK# 5aKK'  End of lifeVKLA#R*Decay21 Jan 1990$K6L" < LrL1@X rLL:Cosmos 2052H6LL5 :(qi" Cosmos 20521 rLL'  Generalg LRMG#^@") Designation20350 / 89095A\LMA#R6Launch date30 Nov 1989jRMNM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&MNG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^NNA#R:"Perigee/Apogee174/320 kmVN9OA#R*Inclination67.1TNOA#R&Period89.5 mini9O M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzO 6LYOeA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& # 5e'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay24 Jan 1990$:" < v1Y vCosmos 2054H:5 :(qi" Cosmos 20541 v'  Generalg VG#^@") Designation20391 / 89101A\A#R6Launch date27 Dec 1989jVM#j:"N , Country of originCIS4S#vh"H̀(‰ᇏMissionMilitary: Telecommunications: Luchg& A#RL,Geostationary orbit16W, inclined\fG#^*" &Launch vehicleY A#R0Launch siteTyuratam&f# 5'  End of life\vA#R6"Out of servicemid-1997q0A#R`Causedrifting West, probably out of control&v # 8E' "(Technical data< ) "&CGSpecifications< E1@Z oCosmos 2055H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20551 6'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20426 / 90003A\6A#R6Launch date17 Jan 1990jcM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&ЈG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^c.A#R:"Perigee/Apogee248/260 kmVЈA#R*Inclination62.8T.؉A#R&Period89.6 miniAM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY؉A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&A# 5'  End of lifeVKA#R*Decay29 Jan 1990$o" < K1[ ÏCosmos 2056Ho5 :(qi" Cosmos 20561 $'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20432 / 90004A\$A#R6Launch date18 Jan 1990jQM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ӍS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-1)^Q1A#R:"Perigee/Apogee769/802 kmTӍA#R&Inclination74U1ڎA#R(Period100.6 minlFM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYڎA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$FÏ" <  1=\ TCosmos 2057Ï ÏHÏT5 :(qi" Cosmos 20571 '  Generalg TG#^@") Designation20457 / 90009A\HA#R6Launch date25 Jan 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&HG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^}A#R:"Perigee/Apogee183/330 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8T}'A#R&Period89.6 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY'A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5D'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay19 Mar 1990$D" < 1J] BCosmos 2058HB5 :(qi" Cosmos 20581 s'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation20465 / 90010A\s6A#R6Launch date30 Jan 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,6M#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-D)^wA#R:"Perigee/Apogee616/645 kmVA#R*Inclination82.5Tw!A#R&Period97.3 minq$M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #82$!" < 1=^ :Cosmos 2059H:5 :(qi" Cosmos 20591 k'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation20476 / 90012A[k-A#R4Launch date6 Feb 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp)-G#^R"H̀MissionMilitary: radar calibration_fA#R<"Perigee/Apogee184/1585 kmVA#R*Inclination65.8UfA#R(Period102.7 minl}M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&}# 51'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay12 Nov 1990$1" < 1J_ /Cosmos 2061H/5 :(qi" Cosmos 20611 `'  Generalg /G#^@") Designation20527 / 90023A\`#A#R6Launch date20 Mar 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISg# M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation _kA#R<"Perigee/Apogee967/1015 kmV A#R*Inclination82.9UkA#R(Period104.9 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < ;1` ;Cosmos 2062H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20621 ;'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20529 / 90024A\wA#R6Launch date22 Mar 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&wNG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/221 kmVNA#R*Inclination82.3TVA#R&Period88.5 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYVA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&># 5s'  End of lifeU>A#R(Decay5 Apr 1990$s" < (1a (p4 Cosmos 2063Hp5 :(qi" Cosmos 20631 ('  Generalg pG#^@") Designation20536 / 90026A\dA#R6Launch date27 Mar 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISr+d@ G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko)a  A#R@"Perigee/Apogee1706/38633 kmV@  A#R*Inclination63.8U L A#R(Period717.5 mink  M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYL  A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$ 4 " <  p 1b p  Cosmos 2064H4  5 :(qi" Cosmos 20641 p  '  Generalg P G#^@") Designation20549 / 90029A[  A#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990jP  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1460/1488 kmT KA#R&Inclination74U A#R(Period115.4 minbKG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosY[A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < [1 c @CCosmos 2065H@5 :(qi" Cosmos 206@51 @@'  Generalg @@G#^@") Designation20550 / 90029B[@@AA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990j@lAM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/AAS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`lANBA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1459/1473 kmTABA#R&Inclination74UNBBA#R(Period115.2 minbBYCG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosYBCA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$YCC" < CD1*d DZD!HCosmos 2066HCZD5 :(qi" Cosmos 20661 DD'  Generalg ZDDG#^@") Designation20551 / 90029C[DMEA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990jDEM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ME9FS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`EFA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1383/1461 kmT9FFA#R&Inclination74UFBGA#R(Period114.3 minbFGG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosYBGGA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$G!H" < G]H1 Ie ]HHlLCosmos 2067H!HH5 :(qi" Cosmos 20671 ]HH'  Generalg H=IG#^@") Designation20552 / 90029D[HIA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990j=IJM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/IJS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`JJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1398/1461 kmTJ8KA#R&Inclination74UJKA#R(Period114.4 minb8KKG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosYKHLA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$KlL" < HLL1*f LLÀCosmos 2068HlLL5 :(qi" Cosmos 20681 L!M'  Generalg LMG#^@") Designation20553 / 90029E[!MMA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990jMMNM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/MNS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`MN/OA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1413/1460 kmTNOA#R&Inclination74U/OOA#R(Period114.6 minbOFG#^6"OFlL &Launch vehicleCosmosYOA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$FÀ" < 1I9g GCosmos 2069HÀG5 :(qi" Cosmos 20691 x'  Generalg G߁G#^@") Designation20554 / 90029F[x:A#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990j߁M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/:&S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1427/1461 kmT&ڃA#R&Inclination74U/A#R(Period114.8 minbڃG#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosY/A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < J1Xh JYCosmos 2070H5 :(qi" Cosmos 20701 JÅ'  Generalg *G#^@") Designation20555 / 90029G[ÅA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990j*M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/qS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`чA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1441/1461 kmTq%A#R&Inclination74UчzA#R(Period114.9 minb%܈G#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosYz5A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$܈Y" < 519wi ݉Cosmos 2071HY݉5 :(qi" Cosmos 20711 '  Generalg ݉uG#^@") Designation20556 / 90029H[ЊA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1990ju:M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ЊS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-2)`:A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1457/1461 kmTpA#R&Inclination74UŌA#R(Period115.1 minbp'G#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmosYŌA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$'" < 1Xj (Cosmos 2072H(5 :(qi" Cosmos 20721 Y'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation20568 / 90033A\YA#R6Launch date13 Apr 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS~7G#^n"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (5th generation)^nA#R:"Perigee/Apogee232/270 kmVA#R*Inclination64.7TnA#R&Period89.5 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 55'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay22 Nov 1990$5" < 1wށk 3Cosmos 2073H35 :(qi" Cosmos 20731 d'  Generalg 3G#^@") Designation20573 / 90035A\d'A#R6Launch date17 Apr 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&'G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^\A#R:"Perigee/Apogee173/239 kmVA#R*Inclination82.4T\A#R&Period88.6 minioM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&o# 5#'  End of lifeVyA#R*Decay28 Apr 1990$#" < y1ml !Cosmos 2074H!5 :(qi" Cosmos 20741 R'  Generalg !G#^@") Designation20577 / 90036A\RA#R6Launch date13 Apr 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISgM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_EA#R<"Perigee/Apogee962/1002 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9UEA#R(Period104.7 minl\M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&\# 5'  End of lifeTdA#R&"Out of serviceQA#R CausefailedK dA#RDecay(($ 8`' "(OTechnical dataQ.(# \Downlink frequencies: 149.910 & 399.760 MHz< `1ށm 5Cosmos 2079H55 :(qi" Cosmos 2079Dy) "6Also called Glonass 441 5'  Generalg yG#^@") Designation20619 / 90045A\mA#R6Launch date19 May 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#mSM#jF"SH̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19069/19189 kmVS A#R*Inclination65.3U`A#R(Period675.7 min\ G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ` A#R Launch site&3# 5 h'  End of lifeW3A#R,"Out of serviceyes$h" < 1mn g Cosmos 2080Hg5 :(qi" Cosmos 2080D) "6Also called Glonass 451 g'  Generalg CG#^@") Designation20620 / 90045B\A#R6Launch date19 May 1990jC M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#yM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b! A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19107/19151 kmVy1A#R*Inclination65.3UA#R(Period675.7 min\1G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ3A#R Launch site&Y# 53'  End of lifeWYA#R,"Out of serviceyes$ " < E10o E/ Cosmos 2081H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2081DE) "6Also called Glonass 461  '  Generalg i G#^@") Designation20621 / 90045C\  A#R6Launch date19 May 1990ji / M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!/  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19107/19151 kmV W A#R*Inclination65.3U  A#R(Period675.7 min\W  G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ Y A#R Launch site&  # 5Y  '  End of lifeW  A#R,"Out of serviceyes$ / " < k 1p k  BCosmos 2085H/  5 :(qi" Cosmos 20851 k  '  Generalg KG#^@") Designation20693 / 90061A\ A#R6Launch date18 Jul 1990jKM#j:"N , Country of originCIS6S#vl"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications: Geizer] @A#R8,Geostationary orbit80E @/ \h@G#^*" &Launch vehicleY @@A#R0Launch siteTyuratam&h@@# 5@A'  End of life]@yAA#R8"Out of servicemid 1995?&AA# 8yAA' "(Technical data<AB) "&$Specifications< AOB1V0q OBBFCosmos 2100HBB5 :(qi" Cosmos 21001 OBB'  Generalg B/CG#^@") Designation20804 / 90083A\BCA#R6Launch date14 Sep 1990j/CCM#j:"N , Country of originCISUCJDG#^"H̀Mission_CDA#R<"Perigee/Apogee957/1010 kmVJDDA#R*Inclination82,9UDTEA#R(Period104.8 minlDEM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYTEFA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&E?F# 8FwF' "(OTechnical dataE"?FF# DDownlink frequency: 149.970 MHz< wFF1r F@GKCosmos 2107HF@G5 :(qi" Cosmos 21071 FqG'  Generalg @GGG#^@") Designation20985 / 90108A[qG3HA#R4Launch date4 Dec 1990jGHM#j:"N , Country of originCIS73H!IM#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^HIA#R:"Perigee/Apogee402/416 kmT!IIA#R&Inclination65TI'JA#R&Period92.8 min\IJG#^*" &Launch vehicleY'JJA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&JK# 5J7K'  End of lifeUKKA#R(Decay6 Apr 1992$7KK" < KK1% s K4LCosmos 2108HK4L5 :(qi" Cosmos 21081 KeL'  Generalg 4LLG#^@") Designation21000 / 90109A[eL'MA#R4Launch date4 Dec 1990jLMM#j:"N , Country of originCISm&'MMG#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance^M\NA#R:"Perigee/Apogee164/289 kmVMNA#R*Inclination62.8R\NOA#R"Period89 miniNmOM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYOOA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&mO # O K5OA'  End of lifeV A#R*Decay28 Jan 1991$A" < 1m t ?Cosmos 2109H?5 :(qi" Cosmos 2109D) "6Also called Glonass 471 ?'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21006 / 90110A[vA#R4Launch date8 Dec 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#vPM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee18975/19283 kmVPA#R*Inclination64.9U]A#R(Period675.7 mino"̄M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #193&]# 5̄''  End of lifeW~A#R,"Out of serviceyes$'" < ~ޅ1%  u ޅ&Cosmos 2110H&5 :(qi" Cosmos 2110Dޅj) "6Also called Glonass 481 &'  Generalg jG#^@") Designation21007 / 90110B[]A#R4Launch date8 Dec 1990jLJM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#]7M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!LJA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19036/19223 kmV7A#R*Inclination64.9UDA#R(Period675.7 mino"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #193&Dى# 5'  End of lifeWىeA#R,"Out of serviceyes$" < eŊ1m  v Ŋ Cosmos 2111H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2111[,Ŋh/ .XAlso called Glonass 49 or Glonass 2491 '  Generalg hG#^@") Designation21008 / 90110C[[A#R4Launch date8 Dec 1990jŌM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#[5M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!ŌA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19110/19148 kmT5A#R&Inclination65U@A#R(Period675.7 mino"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #193&@Վ# 8 ' "(Technical dataMՎB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelO  A#RChannel23 L XA#RPlane1K A#RSlot5$X" < 1 9 w KCosmos 2112HK5 :(qi" Cosmos 21121 |'  Generalg KG#^@") Designation21014 / 90111A\|?A#R6Launch date10 Dec 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/?+S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee765/807 kmT+A#R&Inclination74U2A#R(Period100.6 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY2A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < W1x   x W Cosmos 2123H5 :(qi" Cosmos 21231 W'  Generalg 7G#^@") Designation21089 / 91007A[A#R4Launch date5 Feb 1991j7M#j:"N , Country of originCISy&uS#vL"H̀(シ 剂MissionNavigation (Tsikada)_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee961/1003 kmVu*A#R*Inclination82.9UA#R(Period104.7 min\*G#^*" &Launch vehicleY4A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&Z# 54'  End of lifeTZA#R&"Out of serviceQ4A#R CausefailedK A#RDecay(4$ 8' "(OTechnical datapFO* $シDownlink frequencies (navigation payload): 150 & 400 MHzPlane 13:' & Radio Sputnik 12a OA#R@beacon/robot29.408 mhz (cw)a KA#R@beacon/robot29.454 mhz (cw)q0A#R` mode a uplink145.910 - 145.950 mhz (ssb,cw)q0K-A#R`$mode a downlink29.410 - 29.450 mhz (ssb,cw)d#A#RF"robot a uplink145.831 mhz (cw)o.-A#R\&robot a downlink29.408 or 29.454 mhz (cw)a aA#R@beacon/robot29.408 mhz (cw)a A#R@beacon/robot29.454 mhz (cw)o.a1A#R\ mode k uplink21.210 - 21.250 mhz (ssb,cw)q0A#R`$mode k downlink29.410 - 29.450 mhz (ssb,cw)c"1A#RD"robot k uplink21.129 mhz (cw)o.A#R\&robot k downlink29.408 or 29.454 mhz (cw)b!A#RBbeacon/robot145.912 mhz (cw)b!DA#RBbeacon/robot145.959 mhz (cw)n-A#RZ mode t uplink21.210 - 21.250 hz (ssb,cw)s2D%A#Rd$mode t downlink145.910 - 145.950 mhz (ssb,cw)c"A#RD"robot t uplink21.129 mhz (cw)q0%A#R`&robot t downlink145.912 or 145.959 mhz (cw)&# :Y' & Radio Sputnik 13a A#R@beacon/robot29.458 mhz (cw)a YA#R@beacon/robot29.504 mhz (cw)q0A#R` mode a uplink145.960 - 146.000 mhz (ssb,cw)q0A#R`$mode a downlink29.460 - 29.500 mhz (ssb,cw)d#aA#RF"robot a uplink145.840 mhz (cw)o.A#R\&robot a downlink29.458 or 29.504 mhz (cw)a a1A#R@beacon/robot29.458 mhz (cw)a A#R@beacon/robot29.504 mhz (cw)o.1A#R\ mode k uplink21.260 - 21.300 mhz (ssb,cw)q0rA#R`$mode k downlink29.460 - 29.500 mhz (ssb,cw)c"A#RD"robot k uplink21.138 mhz (cw)o.rDA#R\&robot k downlink29.458 or 29.504 mhz (cw)b!A#RBbeacon/robot145.862 mhz (cw)b!D A#RBbeacon/robot145.908 mhz (cw)o.w A#R\ mode t uplink21.260 - 21.300 mhz (ssb,cw)s2  A#Rd$mode t downlink145.960 - 146.000 mhz (ssb,cw)c"w M A#RD"robot t uplink21.138 mhz (cw)o.  A#R\"robot downlink145.862 or 145.908 mhz (cw)$M  " <  19  y  d 3CCosmos 2133H d 5 :(qi" Cosmos 21331   '  Generalg d  G#^@") Designation21111 / 91010A\ X A#R6Launch date14 Feb 1991j  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS>X G G#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Prognoz 2nd generation)o(  G#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit80E, inclined\G G#^*" &Launch vehicleY kA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&# 5k'  End of life\"A#R6"Out of serviceOct 1995&H# 8"' "(OTechnical data8H' " Specificationsc"'@A#RD&Prime '@ contractorNPO LavochkinN u@A#RPlatform['@@A#R4"Mass at launch2600 kgSu@#AA#R$ Mass in orbitL @oAA#RLengthK #AAA#RWidthL oABA#RHeightSAYBA#R$ StabilizationN BBA#RDC powerUYBBA#R($Design lifetime7B3C$ &S-band capacity< BoC1   z oCCXHCosmos 2139H3CC5 :(qi" Cosmos 2139DoCC) "6Also called Glonass 501 C,D'  Generalg CDG#^@") Designation21216 / 91025A[,DDA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1991jDXEM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#DEM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!XE*FA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19103/19155 kmVEFA#R*Inclination65.1U*FFA#R(Period675.7 min\F1GG#^*" &Launch vehicleQFGA#R Launch site&1GG# 5GG'  End of lifeWG4HA#R,"Out of serviceyes$GXH" < 4HH1 5 { HH}MCosmos 2140HXHH5 :(qi" Cosmos 2140DH I) "6Also called Glonass 511 HQI'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation21217 / 91025B[QIJA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1991jI}JM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#JJM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!}JOKA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19102/19156 kmVJKA#R*Inclination65.1UOKKA#R(Period675.7 min\KVLG#^*" &Launch vehicleQKLA#R Launch site&VLL# 5LM'  End of lifeWLYMA#R,"Out of serviceyes$M}M" < YMM1  | MNCosmos 2141H}MN5 :(qi" Cosmos 2141DMEN) "6Also called Glonass 521 NvN'  Generalg ENNG#^@") Designation21218 / 91025C[vN8OA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1991jNOM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#8OM#jF"H̀シMissionNaviO}Mgation (Uragan)b!OA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19109/19149 kmVրA#R*Inclination65.1U+A#R(Period675.7 min\րG#^*" &Launch vehicleQ+؁A#R Launch site&# 5؁3'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes$3" < 15  } 2Cosmos 2142H25 :(qi" Cosmos 21421 c'  Generalg 2ʃG#^@") Designation21230 / 91029A\c&A#R6Launch date16 Apr 1991jʃM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.&S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_pA#R<"Perigee/Apogee958/1017 kmTąA#R&Inclination83UpA#R(Period104.9 minląM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYކA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 8ކ<' "(OTechnical dataQ.# \Downlink frequencies: 150.030 & 400.080 MHz< <ɇ1-  ~ ɇ Cosmos 2155H5 :(qi" Cosmos 21551 ɇB'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21702 / 91064A\BA#R6Launch date13 Sep 1991joM#j:"N , Country of originCISl%ۉG#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: early warningYo4A#R0,Geostationary orbit\ۉG#^*" &Launch vehicleY4A#R0Launch siteTyuratam$ " < I1 S  I]Cosmos 2172H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 21721 I‹'  Generalg )G#^@") Designation21789 / 91079A\‹A#R6Launch date22 Nov 1991j)M#j:"N , Country of originCIS6xS#vl"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications: Geizerb!ڍA#RB,Geostationary orbitsee below\x6G#^*" &Launch vehicleYڍA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&6# 2 '  Locationv]^#0 BeginEndPosition/ j#^$8:L: 22 Nov 1991Feb 199613.5W, inclined]  &]2# 5 g'  End of life\2A#R6"Out of serviceMar 1996&g# 8!' "(Technical data<]) "&$Specifications< !1= ځ  Cosmos 2173H]5 :(qi" Cosmos 21731 '  Generalg yG#^@") Designation21796 / 91081A\A#R6Launch date26 Nov 1991jy?M#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_?A#R<"Perigee/Apogee944/1015 kmVuA#R*Inclination82.9UA#R(Period104.7 minlu6M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CQA#R Launch site&6# 5'  End of lifeW9A#R,"Out of serviceyes&_# 89' "(OTechnical dataV2_$ dDownlink frequency: 149.97 & 399.92 MHzPlane 4< )1S &  )qCosmos 2177Hq5 :(qi" Cosmos 2177D)) "6Also called Glonass 531 q'  Generalg MG#^@") Designation21853 / 92005A\A#R6Launch date29 Jan 1992jMM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19112/19146 kmV;A#R*Inclination64.8UA#R(Period675.7 min\;G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ=A#R Launch site&c# 5='  End of lifeWcA#R,"Out of serviceyes$" < O1ځ   OzCosmos 2178H5 :(qi" Cosmos 2178[,O/ .XAlso called Glonass 54 or Glonass 7691 #'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21854 / 92005B\#A#R6Launch date29 Jan 1992jPM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!P"A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19088/19170 kmTvA#R&Inclination65U"A#R(Period675.7 min\v3G#^*" 3&Launch vehicleQA#R Launch site&3# 8' "(Technical dataMqB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN A#RChannel2L q A#RPlane1K VA#RSlot8$ z" < V1 & M  Cosmos 2179Hz5 :(qi" Cosmos 2179[,Y/ .XAlso called Glonass 55 or Glonass 7711 '  Generalg YG#^@") Designation21855 / 92005C\MA#R6Launch date29 Jan 1992jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M'M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19109/19149 kmT'A#R&Inclination65U2A#R(Period675.7 min\G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ2A#R Launch site&# 8=' "(Technical dataMB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelO=A#RChannel23L gA#RPlane1K A#RSlot1$g" <  1     Z 2Cosmos 2204HZ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2204[,  / .XAlso called Glonass 56 or Glonass 7741 Z  '  Generalg M G#^@") Designation22056 / 92047A\  A#R6Launch date30 Jul 1992jM  M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19114/19144 kmT 9 A#R&Inclination64U  A#R(Period675.7 min\9  G#^*" &Launch vehicleQ ; A#R Launch site& a # 8;  ' "(Technical dataMa (B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN vA#RChannel1L (A#RPlane3L vA#RSlot24$2" < n1M y  nECosmos 2205H25 :(qi" Cosmos 2205[,n@/ .XAlso called Glonass 57 o@2r Glonass 7561 N@'  Generalg @@G#^@") Designation22057 / 92047B\N@AA#R6Launch date30 Jul 1992j@{AM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#AAM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!{AMBA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19110/19148 kmTABA#R&Inclination64UMBBA#R(Period675.7 min\BRCG#^*" &Launch vehicleQBCA#R Launch site&RCC# 8CD' "(Technical dataMCDB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelODDA#RChannel24L D+EA#RPlane3L DwEA#RSlot21$+EE" < wEE1 ܂  EFJCosmos 2206HEF5 :(qi" Cosmos 2206[,EzF/ .XAlso called Glonass 58 or Glonass 7721 FF'  Generalg zFGG#^@") Designation22058 / 92047C\FnGA#R6Launch date30 Jul 1992jGGM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#nGHHM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!GHA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19098/19160 kmTHHHA#R&Inclination64UHSIA#R(Period675.7 min\HIG#^*" &Launch vehicleQSIJA#R Launch site&I&J# 5J[J'  End of life_&JJA#R<"Out of service27 Aug 1994$[JJ" < JK1]y   KbKCosmos 2209HJbK5 :(qi" Cosmos 22091 KK'  Generalg bKKG#^@") Designation22112 / 92059A\KVLA#R6Launch date10 Sep 1992jKLM#j:"N , Country of originCIS>VLEMG#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Prognoz 2nd generation)o(LMG#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit24W, inclined\EMNG#^*" &Launch vehicleYMiNA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&NN# 5iNN'  End of life\N OA#R6"Out of serviceOct 1996VNvOA#R*Cause?, drifting& OO# 8vOO' "(OTechnical data8O' " SpecOJificationsc"O{A#RD&Prime contractorNPO LavochkinN ɀA#RPlatform[{$A#R4"Mass at launch2600 kgSɀwA#R$ Mass in orbitL $ÁA#RLengthK wA#RWidthL ÁZA#RHeightSA#R$ StabilizationN ZA#RDC powerUPA#R($Design lifetime7$ &S-band capacity< PÃ1܂ #  à gCosmos 2218H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22181 Ã<'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22207 / 92073A\<A#R6Launch date29 Oct 1992jiM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_iIA#R<"Perigee/Apogee963/1013 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9UIA#R(Period104.9 minl`M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CQA#R Launch site&`ׇ# 8' "(OTechnical dataX4ׇg$ hDownlink frequency: 149.940 & 399.840 MHzPlane 3< 1 '  VCosmos 2219Hg5 :(qi" Cosmos 22191 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation22219 / 92076A\߉A#R6Launch date17 Nov 1992jIM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,߉ŠM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^I A#R:"Perigee/Apogee843/855 kmTŠtA#R&Inclination71U ɋA#R(Period101.9 minit2M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit$ɋV" < 21# @  ڌ@Cosmos 2220HVڌ5 :(qi" Cosmos 22201  '  Generalg ڌrG#^@") Designation22226 / 92077A\ ΍A#R6Launch date20 Nov 1992jr8M#j:"N , Country of originCIS]΍G#^,"H̀MissionMilitary^8A#R:"Perigee/Apogee164/341 kmVIA#R*Inclination67.2TA#R&Period89.6 miniIM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoVyuzYkA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5k'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay18 Jan 1993$@" < |1' N  |9Cosmos 2221H@5 :(qi" Cosmos 22211 |'  Generalg \G#^@") Designation22236 / 92080A\A#R6Launch date24 Nov 1992j\"M#j:"N , Country of originCISy,M#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-D)^"A#R:"Perigee/Apogee629/662 kmVOA#R*Inclination82.5TA#R&Period97.6 minr%OM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #100$9" < u1@ p  uCosmos 2222H95 :(qi" Cosmos 22221 u'  Generalg UG#^@") Designation22238 / 92081A\A#R6Launch date25 Nov 1992jUM#j:"N , Country of originCISr+G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko)a A#R@"Perigee/Apogee1172/39195 kmVDA#R*Inclination62.9UA#R(Period718.1 minkDM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY]A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < ]1N   uCosmos 2223H5 :(qi" Cosmos 22231 6'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22260 / 92087A[6A#R4Launch date9 Dec 1992jbM#j:"N , Country of originCISt-G#^Z"H̀MissionReconnaissance (5th generation)^b4A#R:"Perigee/Apogee238/271 kmVA#R*Inclination64.6T4A#R&Period89.6 miniGM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&G# 5'  End of lifeVQA#R*Decay16 Dec 1993$u" < Q1p  Cosmos 2224Hu5 :(qi" Cosmos 22241 *'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22269 / 92088A\* A#R6Launch date17 Dec 1992 ujvM#j:"N , Country of originCIS> G#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Prognoz 2nd generation)o(vjG#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit12E, inclined\G#^*" &Launch vehicleYjA#R0Launch siteTyuratam[zA#R4"Mass at launch2600 kgO+$ VBuilt by NPO Lavochkin. S-band capacity< z1 d MCosmos 2230HM5 :(qi" Cosmos 22301 ~'  Generalg MG#^@") Designation22307 / 93001A\~AA#R6Launch date12 Jan 1993jM#j:"N , Country of originCISy&A$S#vL"H̀(シ 剂MissionNavigation (Tsikada)_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee968/1005 kmV$A#R*Inclination82.9U.A#R(Period104.8 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY.A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk:-$ ,Built by PO Polyot8e' "(OTechnical dataR.-$ \Downlink frequency: 150 & 400 MHzPlane 11?< e1u ; Cosmos 2231H;5 :(qi" Cosmos 22311 l'  Generalg ;G#^@") Designation22317 / 93004A\l/ A#R6Launch date19 Jan 1993j M#j:"N , Country of originCISm&/  G#^L"H̀MissionMilitary: Reconnaissance^ d A#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/369 kmV  A#R*Inclination67.1Td  A#R&Period89.6 mini w M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY  A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk5w  '  End of lifeV [ A#R*Decay25 mar 1993$  " < [  1:dd  ACosmos 2232H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22321 4 '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation22321 / 93006A\4  A#R6Launch date26 Jan 1993j aM#j:"N , Country of originCISl% G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: Early Warning`a-A#R>"Perigee/Apogee786/39557 kmVA#R*Inclination62.9U-A#R(Period717.6 minkO@M#j<"O@  &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY@A#R0Launch sitePlesetskpLO@A$ Built by NPO PM, operated by the Russian Air Defense Forces (Voyska PVO)< @TA1ف TAA FCosmos 2233HAA5 :(qi" Cosmos 22331 TAA'  Generalg A4BG#^@") Designation22487 / 93008Ag&ABA#RLLaunch date9 Feb 1993 at 02:50 UTj4BCM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.BCS#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_CCA#R<"Perigee/Apogee949/1007 kmVC;DA#R*Inclination82.9UCDA#R(Period104.7 minl;DDM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYDUEA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&D{E# 8UEE' "(OTechnical dataX4{E F$ hDownlink frequency: 150.030 & 400.075 MHzPlane 5< EGF1d. GFFJCosmos 2234H FF5 :(qi" Cosmos 2234DGFF) "6Also called Glonass 591 FG'  Generalg FkGG#^@") Designation22512 / 93010Ah'GGA#RNLaunch date17 Feb 1993 at 20:30 UTjkG=HM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#GHM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!=HIA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19106/19152 kmVHeIA#R*Inclination64.9UIIA#R(Period675.7 mino"eI)JM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #213&IOJ# 5)JJ'  End of lifeWOJJA#R,"Out of serviceyes$JJ" < J;K1ف$ ;KK4Cosmos 2235HJK5 :(qi" Cosmos 2235[,;KK/ .XAlso called Glonass 60 or Glonass 7571 KL'  Generalg KvLG#^@") Designation22513 / 93010Bh'LLA#RNLaunch date17 Feb 1993 at 20:30 UTjvLHMM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#LMM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!HMNA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19111/19147 kmTMnNA#R&Inclination65UNNA#R(Period675.7 mino"nN2OM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #213&NXO# 82OO' "(Technical dataMXO+B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelO+JL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN OyA#RChannel5L +ŀA#RPlane1K yA#RSlot2$ŀ4" < p1. p^Cosmos 2236H45 :(qi" Cosmos 2236[,p/ .XAlso called Glonass 61 or Glonass 7591 D'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22514 / 93010Ch'DA#RNLaunch date17 Feb 1993 at 20:30 UTj}M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!}OA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19093/19165 kmTA#R&Inclination65UOA#R(Period675.7 mino"gM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #213&# 8gŅ' "(Technical dataMTB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelOŅA#RChannel21L TA#RPlane1K :A#RSlot7$^" < :1$ [Cosmos 2237H^5 :(qi" Cosmos 22371 '  Generalg zG#^@") Designation22565 / 93016Ah'A#RNLaunch date26 Mar 1993 at 02:25 UTjzLM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,ʼnM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^L#A#R:"Perigee/Apogee846/852 kmVʼnyA#R*Inclination71.0U#ΊA#R(Period101.9 miniy7M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit$Ί[" < 71 ߋCosmos 2238H[ߋ5 :(qi" Cosmos 22381 '  Generalg ߋwG#^@") Designation22585 / 93018Ah'ߌA#RNLaunch date30 Mar 1993 at 12:00 UTjwIM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7ߌ͍M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^I+A#R:"Perigee/Apogee127/143 kmV͍A#R*Inclination65.0T+ՎA#R&Period87.2 mine:G#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2YՎA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&:# 5 '  End of life [UaA#R(Decay9 Dec 1994$ " < a1  vCosmos 2239H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22391 :'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22590 / 93020Ag&:A#RLLaunch date1 Apr 1993 at 19:00 UTjrM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)^rQA#R:"Perigee/Apogee963/996 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9UQA#R(Period104.7 minlhM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&h# 8' "(OTechnical dataW3v$ fDownlink frequency: 149.970 & 399.92 MHzPlane 4< 1 Cosmos 2240Hv5 :(qi" Cosmos 22401 +'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22592 / 93021Ag&+A#RLLaunch date2 Apr 1993 at 14:10 UTjcM#j:"N , Country of originCIS?G#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: Reconnaissance (Yantar; 4th generation)^cGA#R:"Perigee/Apogee196/342 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8TGA#R&Period89.6 miniZM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&Z# 5'  End of lifeUcA#R(Decay7 Jun 1993&# wJc- * 2c4th generation Russian reconnaissance satellites (extracted from JSR)$  It appears that, unlike all earlier Soviet imaging reconnaissance satellites, they do not use the 1959-vintage Vostok satellite bus, although they are probably still made by the same company, the TsSKB (Central Specialized Design Bureau), formerly a subdivision of NPO Energiya. They were introduced in 1975, and originally had a lifetime of 30 days which was a big improvement on the Vostok satellites, at that time limited to 15 day missions. Later minor improvements increased the lifetime, first to 44 days and then, in 1984, to 59 days. The two flights so far this year [1993] show a further improvement, lasting 65 and 66 days. This modest increase is nevertheless significant as the first sign of an upgrade to this satellite class in a decade. By my count [Jonathan McDowell speaking], Kosmos-2240 is the 107th in the series, although the classification of several flights is controversial.< 1 -Cosmos 2241H-5 :(qi" Cosmos 22411 ^'  Generalg -G#^@") Designation22594 / 93022Ag&^8A#RL8Launch date6 Apr 1993 at 19:10 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISl%8G#^J"H̀MissionMilitary: Early Warning`nA#R>"Perigee/Apogee832/39520 kmVA#R*Inclination63.6UnA#R(Period717.7 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" < =1 =Cosmos 2242H5 :(qi" Cosmos 22421 ='  Generalg G#^@") Designation22626 / 93024Ah'A#RNLaunch date16 Apr 1993 at 08:00 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,hM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-D)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee632/666 kmVhA#R*Inclination82.5RnA#R"Period97 minr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #103$n" < @13n @ Cosmos 2243H5 :(qi" Cosmos 22431 @'  Generalg  G#^@") Designation22641 / 93028Ah'A#RNLaunch date27 Apr 1993 at 12:30 UTj M#j:"N , Country of originCIS?x G#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: Reconnaissance (Kometa; 4th generation)^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee180/220 kmVx , A#R*Inclination70.4R ~ A#R"Period88 mini,  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY~ @ A#R0Launch siteTyuratam& f # 5@  '  End of lifev5f  A#RjCauseExploded with the 3rd stage of the launcherU f A#R(Decay6 May 1993$  " < f  18  @Cosmos 2244H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22441 ? '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation22643 / 93029Ah'? A#RNLaunch date28 Apr 1993 at 03:35 UTj xM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^xZA#R:"Perigee/Apogee401/417 kmTA#R&Inclination65TZ@A#R&Period92.8 min@ es@G#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2Y@@A#R0Launch siteTyuratam$s@@" < @,A1nL ,AtADCosmos 2245H@tA5 :(qi" Cosmos 22451 ,AA'  Generalg tA BG#^@") Designation22646 / 93030A\AhBA#R6Launch date11 May 1993j BBM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/hBTCS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`BCA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1393/1415 kmVTC DA#R*Inclination82.6UC_DA#R(Period113.9 minr% DDM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #104$_DD" < D1E18` 1EyEHCosmos 2246HDyE5 :(qi" Cosmos 22461 1EE'  Generalg yEFG#^@") Designation22647 / 93030B\EmFA#R6Launch date11 May 1993jFFM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/mFYGS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`FGA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1397/1415 kmVYGHA#R*Inclination82.6UGdHA#R(Period113.9 minr%HHM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #104$dHH" < H6I1Lt 6I~ILCosmos 2247HH~I5 :(qi" Cosmos 22471 6II'  Generalg ~IJG#^@") Designation22648 / 93030C\IrJA#R6Launch date11 May 1993jJJM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/rJ^KS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`JKA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1400/1415 kmV^KLA#R*Inclination82.6UKiLA#R(Period114.0 minr%LLM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #104$iLL" < L;M1`; ;MMCosmos 2248HLM5 :(qi" Cosmos 22481 ;MM'  Generalg MNG#^@") Designation22649 / 93030D\MwNA#R6Launch date11 May 1993jNNM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/wNcOS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`NOA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1398/1415 kmVcO%A#R*O%LInclination82.6UOzA#R(Period113.9 minr%%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #104$z" < L1tO LCosmos 2249H5 :(qi" Cosmos 22491 LŁ'  Generalg ,G#^@") Designation22650 / 93030E\ŁA#R6Launch date11 May 1993j,M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/tS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`ԃA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1400/1415 kmVt*A#R*Inclination82.6UԃA#R(Period114.0 minr%*M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #104$" < Q1;c QCosmos 2250H5 :(qi" Cosmos 22501 Qʅ'  Generalg 1G#^@") Designation22651 / 93030F\ʅA#R6Launch date11 May 1993j1M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/yS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`هA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1400/1415 kmVy/A#R*Inclination82.6UهA#R(Period114.0 minr%/M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #104$" < V1O V|Cosmos 2251H5 :(qi" Cosmos 22511 Vω'  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation22675 / 93036Ah'ωA#RNLaunch date16 Jun 1993 at 04:17 UTj6M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee778/803 kmV>A#R*Inclination74.0UA#R(Period100.7 minl>M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYXA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$|" < X1co Cosmos 2252H|5 :(qi" Cosmos 22521 1'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22687 / 93038Ah'1A#RNLaunch date24 Jun 1994 at 04:12 UTjjM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)j |`jlA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1400/1415 kmV A#R*Inclination82.6UlA#R(Period114.0 minr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #105$" < 1 1Cosmos 2253H15 :(qi" Cosmos 22531 b'  Generalg 1G#^@") Designation22688 / 93038Bh'b1A#RNLaunch date24 Jun 1994 at 04:12 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/1S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`}A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1405/1424 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6U}(A#R(Period114.1 minr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #105$(" < 1o BCosmos 2254HB5 :(qi" Cosmos 22541 s'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation22689 / 93038Ch'sBA#RNLaunch date24 Jun 1994 at 04:12 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/B.S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1390/1412 kmV.A#R*Inclination82.6U9A#R(Period113.8 minr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #105$9" <  1σ SCosmos 2255HS5 :(qi" Cosmos 22551 '  Generalg SG#^@") Designation22690 / 93038Dh'SA#RNLaunch date24 Jun 1994 at 04:12 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S?S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1401/1413 kmV?A#R*Inclination82.6UJA#R(Period113.9 minr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #105$J" < 1o d Cosmos 2256Hd5 :(qi" Cosmos 22561 '  Generalg dG#^@") Designation22691 / 93038Eh'dA#RNLaunch date24 Jun 1994 at 04:12 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/d\ S#v^"H\ (㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1397/1412 kmV\  A#R*Inclination82.6U g A#R(Period113.9 minr%  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #105$g  " <  9 1σ 9   Cosmos 2257H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22571 9  '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation22692 / 93038Fh'  A#RNLaunch date24 Jun 1994 at 04:12 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ m S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1404/1419 kmVm # A#R*Inclination82.6U x A#R(Period114.0 minr%#  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #105$x  " <  J 1o J   Cosmos 2258H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22581 J  '  Generalg  * G#^@") Designation93044A / 22709g&  A#RLLaunch date8 Jul 1993 at 07:15 UTj*  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7  M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee400/417 kmT 1 A#R&Inclination65T  A#R&Period92.8 mine1  G#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2Y C A#R0Launch siteTyuratam& i # 5C  '  End of lifeUi  A#R(Decay8 Jun 1995$  " < S 1 S  @ Cosmos 2259H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22591 S  '  Generalg 3 G#^@") Designation22716 / 93045Ah'  A#RNLaunch date14 Jul 1993 at 16:40 UTj3  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS?  G#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: Reconnaissance (Yantar; 4th generation)^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee168/349 kmV ? A#R*Inclination67.1T  A#R&Period89.7 mini?  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY U A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk|X  $ It reentered after only 11 days in space. It was expected to stay up for two months.5U @ '  End of  @  lifeW i@ A#R,Landed25 Jul 1993$@ @ " < i@ @ 1l @ A E Cosmos 2260H@ A 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22601 @ BA '  Generalg A A G#^@") Designation22721 / 93047Ah'BA B A#RNLaunch date22 Jul 1993 at 08:56 UTjA {B M#j:"N , Country of originCISx1B B G#^b"H̀MissionMilitary: Remote Sensing (Resurs T)^{B QC A#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/224 kmVB C A#R*Inclination82.3TQC C A#R&Period88.5 miniC dD M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYC D A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&dD D # 5D E '  End of lifeVD nE A#R*Landed5 Aug 1993$E E " < nE E 1 E F I Cosmos 2261HE F 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22611 E GF '  Generalg F F G#^@") Designation22741 / 93051Ah'GF G A#RNLaunch date10 Aug 1993 at 15:00 UTjF G M#j:"N , Country of originCISr+G G G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: Early Warning (Oko)`G RH A#R>"Perigee/Apogee690/39674 kmTG H A#R&Inclination63SRH H A#R$Period718 minkH dI M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYH I A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk>dI I $ 4built by NPO Lavochkin< I 7J 1la 7J J N Cosmos 2262HI J 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22621 7J J '  Generalg J K G#^@") Designation22789 / 93057Ag&J ~K A#RLLaunch date7 Sep 1993 at 13:30 UTjK K M#j:"N , Country of originCIS~7~K fL G#^n"H̀MissionMilitary: Reconnaissance (6th generation)^K L A#R:"Perigee/Apogee207/323 kmTfL M A#R&Inclination65RL jM A#R"Period89 miniM M M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYjM ,N A#R0Launch siteTyuratamM N % Fifth in a new series of imaging satellites which fly two-month long missions. Previous satellites were 2031, 2101, 2163, and 2225.< ,N O 1/? O \O Z Cosmos 2263HN \O 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22631 O O '  Generalg \O  G#^@") Designation22802 / 93059AO  N h'O t A#RNLaunch date16 Sep 1993 at 07:36 UTj ހ M#j:"N , Country of originCISy,t W M#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^ހ  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee848/854 kmTW  A#R&Inclination71S \ A#R$Period102 mini ł M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitq\ Z $ The program had three consecutive launch failures in 1990-1992, but the last 4 launches have been successful.< ł  1a ރ D Cosmos 2264HZ ރ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22641  '  Generalg ރ v G#^@") Designation22808 / 93060A\ ҄ A#R6Launch date17 Sep 1993jv < M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7҄  M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^<  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee402/418 kmT r A#R&Inclination65T Ɔ A#R&Period92.8 miner + G#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2^Ɔ  A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC90+ D % -It carries a low thrust engine to maintain precise separation with other EORSATs and uses radio interferometry to locate transmissions from ships.<  1?) Ȉ  Cosmos 2265HD Ȉ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22651  '  Generalg Ȉ ` G#^@") Designation22875 / 93067Ah' ȉ A#RNLaunch date26 Oct 1993 at 10:00 UTj` 2 M#j:"N , Country of originCISj#ȉ  G#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: calibration_2  A#R<"Perigee/Apogee291/1573 kmT O A#R&Inclination83U  A#R(Period103.5 minlO  M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C_ o A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132$  " < o ό 1Z ό  : Cosmos 2266H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22661 ό H '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation22888 / 93070Ag&H  A#RLLaunch date2 Nov 1993 at 12:10 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS.  S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_ ` A#R<"Perigee/Apogee945/1017 kmT  A#R&Inclination83S`  A#R$Period10   4 minb u G#^6" &Launch vehicleCosmos_  A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132&u  # 5 / '  End of lifeW  A#R,"Out of serviceyes&/  # 8  ' "(OTechnical dataV2 : $ dDownlink frequency: 149.97 & 399.92 MHzPlane 1< v 1) v   Cosmos 2267H:  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22671 v  '  Generalg V G#^@") Designation22904 / 93071Ag&  A#RLLaunch date5 Nov 1993 at 08:25 UTjV ' M#j:"N , Country of originCISI  G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: Reconnaissance (advanced Yantar'; 5th generation)^'  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee241/282 kmV k A#R*Inclination70.4R  A#R"Period89 minik & M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz]  A#R8Launch siteTyuratam LC1$&  " <  1 +  Cosmos 2268H + 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22681 \ '  Generalg +  G#^@") Designation22999 / 94011Ah'\ + A#RNLaunch date12 Feb 1994 at 08:54 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/+  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)` w A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1411/1426 kmW  A#R,Inclination82.57Uw # A#R(Period114.2 minr%  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #108$#  " <  1/ =  Cosmos 2269H = 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22691 n '  Generalg =  G#^@") Designation23000 / 94011Bh'n = A#RNLaunch date12 Feb 1994 at 08:54 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/= ) S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1410/1421 kmW)  A#R,Inclination82.56U 5 A#R(Period114.2 minr%  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #108$5  " <  1  O  Cosmos 2270H O 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22701   '  Generalg O  G#^@") Designation23001 / 94011C   h' t A#RNLaunch date12 Feb 1994 at 08:54 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/t ` S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1406/1417 kmW`  A#R,Inclination82.57V m A#R*Period114.05 minr%  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #108$m  " <  ? 1/ ?   Cosmos 2271H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22711 ?  '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23002 / 94011Dh'  A#RNLaunch date12 Feb 1994 at 08:54 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ s S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1403/1415 kmWs * A#R,Inclination82.57S } A#R$Period114 minr%*  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #108$}  " <  O 1$ O  % Cosmos 2272H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22721 O  '  Generalg  / G#^@") Designation23003 / 94011Eh'  A#RNLaunch date12 Feb 1994 at 08:54 UTj/  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1396/1415 kmW : A#R,Inclination82.57U  A#R(Period113.9 minr%:  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #108$ % " <  a 1E a  7 Cosmos 2273H%  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22731 a  '  Generalg A G#^@") Designation23004 / 94011Fh'  A#RNLaunch date12 Feb 1994 at 08:54 UTjA  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1408/1416 kmW L A#R,Inclination82.57U  A#R(Period113.9 minr%L  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #108$ 7 " <  s 1+$n s  D Cosmos 2274H7  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22741 s  @ '  General  @ 7 g  s@ G#^@") Designation23033 / 94018Ah' @ @ A#RNLaunch date17 Mar 1994 at 16:30 UTjs@ EA M#j:"N , Country of originCIS@@ A G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar'; 4th generation)b!EA .B A#RB"Perigee/Apogee176.1/371.7 kmWA B A#R,Inclination67.15U.B B A#R(Period89.65 miniB CC M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz^B C A#R:Launch sitePlesetsk LC43&CC C # 5C C '  End of life_C [D A#R<CauseLanded in KazakhstanVC D A#R*Decay21 May 1994$[D D " < D E 1E. E YE J Cosmos 2275HD YE 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2275[,E E / .XAlso called Glonass 62 or Glonass 7601 YE E '  Generalg E LF G#^@") Designation23043 / 94021Ah'E F A#RNLaunch date11 Apr 1994 at 08:49 UTjLF G M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#F G M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!G G A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19120/19197 kmTG DH A#R&Inclination64SG H A#R$Period676 mino"DH I M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #222&H ,I # 8I dI ' "(Technical dataM,I I B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelOdI BJ A#RChannel24L I J A#RPlane3L BJ J A#RSlot17$J J " < J :K 1n% :K K 2 Cosmos 2276HJ K 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2276[,:K K / .XAlso called Glonass 63 or Glonass 7611 K L '  Generalg K uL G#^@") Designation23044 / 94021Bh'L L A#RNLaunch date11 Apr 1994 at 08:49 UTjuL GM M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#L M M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!GM N A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19120/19197 kmTM mN A#R&Inclination64SN N A#R$Period676 mino"mN /O M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #222&N UO # 8/O O ' "(Technical dataMUO ( B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2O ( J  = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN O v A#RChannel3L ( € A#RPlane3L v  A#RSlot23$€ 2 " <  n 1. n   Cosmos 2277H2  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2277[,n  / .XAlso called Glonass 64 or Glonass 7581 B '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23045 / 94021Ch'B  A#RNLaunch date11 Apr 1994 at 08:49 UTj { M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!{ M A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19120/19197 kmT  A#R&Inclination64SM  A#R$Period676 mino" c M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #222&  # 5c  '  End of life_  A#R<"Out of service28 Jul 1995& C # 8 { ' "(Technical dataMC  B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelO{ Y A#RChannel10L  A#RPlane3L Y  A#RSlot18$  " < Q 1%" Q   Cosmos 2278H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22781 Q ʈ '  Generalg 1 G#^@") Designation23087 / 94023Ah'ʈ  A#RNLaunch date23 Apr 1994 at 08:02 UTj1  M#j:"N , Country of originCISy, | M#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^ ڊ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee854/858 kmT| . A#R&Inclination71Sڊ  A#R$Period102 mini.  M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit$  " < J 1h J  # Cosmos 2279H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22791 J Ì '  Generalg * G#^@") Designation23092 / 94024Ah'Ì  A#RNLaunch date26 Apr 1994 at 02:14 UTj*  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS. } S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_ ܎ A#R<"Perigee/Apogee955/1007 kmT} 0 A#R&Inclination83U܎  A#R(Period104.7 minl0  M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C   _ k A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC133&  # 8k  ' "(OTechnical dataZ6 # $ lDonwlink frequencies: 149.940 & 399.840 MHzPlane 6< _ 1"ˁ _  7 Cosmos 2280H#  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22801 _  '  Generalg ? G#^@") Designation23095 / 94025A\  A#R6Launch date28 Apr 1994j?  M#j:"N , Country of originCISI  G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (advanced Yantar'; 5th generation)^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee244/305 kmV I A#R*Inclination70.3R  A#R"Period90 miniI  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz^ b A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC31&  # 5b  '  End of lifeV  A#R*Decay22 Mar 1995$ 7 " <  s 1h s   Cosmos 2281H7  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22811 s  '  Generalg S G#^@") Designation23119 / 94032Ag&  A#RLLaunch date7 Jun 1994 at 07:20 UTjS $ M#j:"N , Country of originCISN  G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Vostok/Zenit or Oblik; 4th generation)^$  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee192/265 kmV m A#R*Inclination82.6T  A#R&Period88.7 minim * M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY  A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk* _ ' kThe number 2281 had earlier been assigned to an identical spacecraft that was launched on May 26 but failed to attain orbit. This flight could be similar to Cosmos 2207 in 1992. The first Vostok based spy satellites were the Zenit 2 series. The first one to reach orbit, in 1962, was given the code name Cosmos 0004. The Zenit derived spy satellites have now been almost entirely phased out in favour of a newer bus called Yantar'.5  '  End of lifeV_  A#R*Decay29 Jun 1994$  " < J 1ˁ J  Y Cosmos 2282H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22821 J  '  Generalg * G#^@") Designation23168 / 94038Ag&  A#RLLaunch date6 Jul 1994 at 23:59 UTj*  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS>  G#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Prognoz 2nd generation)g&  A#RL,Geostationary orbit24W, inclined   o" { M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #224[  A#R4"Mass at launch2600 kg&{  # 5 1 '  End of life]  A#R8"Out of serviceDec 1995?&1  # 8  ' "(OTechnical datamH Y % Built by NPO LavochkinEquipped with a 500 kg 1 m diameter telescope<   1   a Cosmos 2283HY  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22831   '  Generalg  u G#^@") Designation23182 / 94042A\  A#R6Launch date20 Jul 1994ju ; M#j:"N , Country of originCIS@  G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar'; 4th generation)^;   A#R:"Perigee/Apogee179/356 kmV v A#R*Inclination67.1T   A#R&Period89.5 miniv 3 M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY  A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&3  # 5  '  End of lifeV = A#R*Decay29 Sep 1994$ a " < =  1=   6 Cosmos 2284Ha  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22841   '  Generalg  } G#^@") Designation23187 / 94044Ah'  A#RNLaunch date29 Jul 1994 at 09:29 UTj} O M#j:"N , Country of originCIS?  G#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kometa; 4th generation)^O 3 A#R:"Perigee/Apogee206/296 kmV  A#R*Inclination70.4T3  A#R&Period89.2 mini F M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz^  A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC31F  & {It is presumably the 17th in the 'Kometa' series of topographic mapping satellites, based on the Yantar' spy satellite design. Kometa satellite imagery would be commercially distributed by AO Sovinformsputnik.The last Kometa satellite, Kosmos-2243, was damaged during launch in Apr 1993. Typical mission length is 44 days. The first Kometa satellite was Kosmos-1246, in 1981. All the Kometa satellites are launched by Soyuz-U from Baykonur.5  '  End of lifeV  A#R*Decay11 Sep 1994$ 6 " <  r 1 r  B Cosmos 2285H6  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22851 r  '  Generalg  R G#^@") Designation23189 / 94045Ag&  A#RLLaunch date2 Aug 1994 at 20:00 UTjR /@ M#j:"N , ˹ /@ 6 Country of originCISv/ @ G#^^"H̀MissionMilitary: calibration or geodesy?_/@ A A#R<"Perigee/Apogee974/1013 kmT@ XA A#R&Inclination74SA A A#R$Period105 minlXA B M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C_A vB A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132$B B " < vB B 1P=, B C =G Cosmos 2286HB C 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22861 B OC '  Generalg C C G#^@") Designation23194 / 94048Ag&OC D A#RLLaunch date5 Aug 1994 at 01:12 UTjC D M#j:"N , Country of originCIS8D E G#^p"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko, means "eye")`D fE A#R>"Perigee/Apogee747/39608 kmVE E A#R*Inclination63.4SfE F A#R$Period718 minkE zF M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYF F A#R0Launch sitePlesetskjFzF =G $ It carries a large telescope to detect ballistic missile launches.< F yG 1 yG G fM Cosmos 2287H=G G 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2287[,yG H / .XAlso called Glonass 65 or Glonass 7671 G MH '  Generalg H H G#^@") Designation23203 / 94050Ah'MH I A#RNLaunch date11 Aug 1994 at 15:27 UTjH I M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#I I M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!I XJ A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19109/19150 kmTI J A#R&Inclination64SXJ J A#R$Period676 mino"J nK M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #225&J K # 8nK K ' "(Technical dataMK [L B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelOK L A#RChannel22L [L L A#RPlane2L L BM A#RSlot12$L fM " < BM M 1, M M  Cosmos 2288HfM M 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2288[,M EN / .XAlso called Glonass 66 or Glonass 7701 M vN '  Generalg EN N G#^@") Designation23204 / 94050B\vN 9O A#R6Launch date11 Aug 1994jN O M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#9O  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavO  fM igation (Uragan)b!O  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19091/19168 kmT Հ A#R&Inclination64S ( A#R$Period676 mino"Հ  M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #225&(  # 8  ' "(Technical dataM  B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN ҂ A#RChannel9L  A#RPlane2L ҂ j A#RSlot14$  " < j ʃ 1 ʃ   Cosmos 2289H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2289[,ʃ m / .XAlso called Glonass 67 or Glonass 7751   '  Generalem  G#^<") Designation23205 94050C\ _ A#R6Launch date11 Aug 1994j Ʌ M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#_ 9 M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!Ʌ  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19126/19133 kmT9  A#R&Inclination64S B A#R$Period676 mino"  M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #225&B ׇ # 8  ' "(Technical dataMׇ  B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelO  A#RChannel22L 9 A#RPlane2L  A#RSlot16$9  " <  1  -  Cosmos 2290H - 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22901 ^ '  Generalg - Ŋ G#^@") Designation23218 / 94053Ah'^ - A#RNLaunch date26 Aug 1994 at 12:00 UTjŊ  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS>-  G#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kuban; 7th generation)^ z A#R:"Perigee/Apogee211/292 kmV Ќ A#R*Inclination64.8Tz $ A#R&Period90.2 miniЌ  M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitr$ 2 ' This is a 7th generation "Kuban" reconnaissance satellite. Five such satellites had been launched in 1986 and 1987. Built by the TsSKB in Samara, they were prototypes of a new spacecraft generation. Civilian applications are knowned as Nika-T (microgravity), Nika-B (medical/biology) and Nika-E (high energy particles). Are supposed to weigh 9 tons and stay in orbit 90 to 120 days. The payload which takes place in a 4.3m3 capsule weighs 1.2t. This specific satellite could be a digital imaging satellite. A commercial version should be available in September 1996; it should be eq 2  uipped with a 2 m resolution imager.  % #In late March 1995 (between Mar 24 and 29) the spacecraft raised its apogee by 200 km, from an orbit of 181 x 382 km x 64.8 to 181 x 571 km x 64.8, and four new small objects were tracked in the post-maneuver orbit. It seems likely that this marks the end of the Kosmos-2290 mission. Russian spy satellites are usually deorbited at the end of their mission, and it is not clear whether the orbit raise of Kosmos-2290 reflects a new operational regime, a new disposal strategy, a deorbit burn that went in the wrong direction, or (less likely) a tracking by US Space Command of a residual part of the spacecraft following recovery of a reentry vehicle.52  '  End of lifeU r A#R(Decay4 Apr 1995$  " < r  1x>  a Cosmos 2291H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22911 K '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23267 / 94060Ah'K  A#RNLaunch date21 Sep 1994 at 17:53 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS6  S#vl"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: telecommunications: Geizerb! o A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"  M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #226&o  # : > - */ۀ Locationv  ^#0 BeginEndPosition(> F j#P$BDL: 21 Sep 1994late-Sep 199580W  j#.Nov 199513.5W&F  # 8 % ' "(Technical data< a ) "&$Specifications< %  1s   Cosmos 2292Ha  5 :(qi" Cosmos 22921  '  Generalg } G#^@") Designation23278 / 94061Ah'  A#RNLaunch date27 Sep 1994 at 14:00 UTj} O M#j:"N , Country of originCISt-  G#^Z"H̀MissionMilitary: calibration (vektor?)_O " A#R<"Perigee/Apogee400/1951 kmV x A#R*Inclination82.9U"  A#R(Period108.9 minlx 9 M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C_  A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132$9  " <  1> @  Cosmos 2293H @ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22931 q '  Generalg @  G#^@") Designation23336 / 94072Ah'q @ A#RNLaunch date2 Nov 1994 at 01:04 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7@ : M#jn"H̀/{Mission :  Military: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee402/418 kmT:  A#R&Inclination65T @ A#R&Period92.8 mine  G#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2Y@  A#R0Launch siteTyuratam< : $ 0Replaced Cosmos 22385 o '  End of lifeV:  A#R*Decay13 May 1996$o  " <  % 1sw % m  Cosmos 2294H m 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2294[,%  / .XAlso called Glonass 68 or Glonass 7631 m  '  Generalg  ` G#^@") Designation23396 / 94076Ah'  A#RNLaunch date20 Nov 1994 at 00:09 UTj` 2 M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!2  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19052/19207 kmV Z A#R*Inclination64.9S  A#R$Period675 mino"Z  M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #229& B # 8 z ' "(Technical dataMB   B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelOz X A#RChannel21L   A#RPlane1K X  A#RSlot3$  " <  O 18 O  = Cosmos 2295H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2295[,O  / .XAlso called Glonass 69 or Glonass 7641 # '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation23397 / 94076Bh'#  A#RNLaunch date20 Nov 1994 at 00:09 UTj \ M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!\ . A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19052/19207 kmV  A#R*Inclination64.9S.  A#R$Period675 mino" F M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #229& l # 8F  ' "(Technical dataMl 3 B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelO  A#RChannel13L 3  A#RPlane1K   A#RSlot6$ = " <  y 1w y  qE Cosmos 2296H=  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2296[,y (@ / .XAlso called Gl (@ = onass 70 or Glonass 7621  Y@ '  Generalg (@ @ G#^@") Designation23398 / 94076Ch'Y@ (A A#RNLaunch date20 Nov 1994 at 00:09 UTj@ A M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#(A B M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!A dB A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19118/19114 kmTB B A#R&Inclination65SdB  C A#R$Period675 mino"B zC M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #229& C C # 8zC C ' "(Technical dataMC gD B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelOC D A#RChannel12L gD E A#RPlane1K D ME A#RSlot4$E qE " < ME E 1 8 E E I Cosmos 2297HqE E 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22971 E &F '  Generalg E F G#^@") Designation23404 / 94077Ah'&F F A#RNLaunch date24 Nov 1994 at 09:16 UTjF _G M#j:"N , Country of originCISy,F G M#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^_G 6H A#R:"Perigee/Apogee845/857 kmTG H A#R&Inclination71S6H H A#R$Period102 miniH FI M#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitcH I $ The satellite carries an array of electronic intelligence detectors to monitor radio emissions.< FI  J 1" J QJ 3N Cosmos 2298HI QJ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22981 J J '  Generalg QJ J G#^@") Designation23431 / 94083Ah'J QK A#RNLaunch date20 Dec 1994 at 05:11 UTjJ K M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/QK =L S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-1)^K L A#R:"Perigee/Apogee785/810 kmT=L L A#R&Inclination74UL DM A#R(Period100.8 minlL M M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C_DM N A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132$M 3N " < N oN 1 oN N N Cosmos 2299H3N N 5 :(qi" Cosmos 22991 oN N '  Generalg N OO G#^@") Designation23441 / 94086Ah'N O A#RNLaunch date26 Dec 1994 at 22:27 UTjOO - M#j:"N , O - 3N Country of originCIS/O  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`-  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1402/1415 kmV e A#R*Inclination82.6S  A#R$Period114 minr%e * M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #113$ N " < *  1" ҂ ] Cosmos 2300HN ҂ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23001  '  Generalg ҂ j G#^@") Designation23442 / 94086Bh' ҃ A#RNLaunch date26 Dec 1994 at 22:27 UTjj < M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/҃  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`<  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1410/1414 kmV t A#R*Inclination82.5S Dž A#R$Period114 minr%t 9 M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #113$Dž ] " < 9  1  l Cosmos 2301H]  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23011  '  Generalg y G#^@") Designation23443 / 94086Ch'  A#RNLaunch date26 Dec 1994 at 22:27 UTjy K M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ ͈ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`K - A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1410/1414 kmV͈  A#R*Inclination82.5S- ։ A#R$Period114 minr% H M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #113$։ l " < H  1  } Cosmos 2302Hl  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23021 ! '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation23444 / 94086Dh'!  A#RNLaunch date26 Dec 1994 at 22:27 UTj Z M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/ ܌ S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`Z < A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1413/1423 kmV܌  A#R*Inclination82.6U<  A#R(Period114.2 minr% Y M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #113$ } " < Y  1   Cosmos 2303H}  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23031 2 '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23445 / 94086Eh'2  A#RNLaunch date26 Dec 1994 at 22:27 UT  } j w M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)`w Y A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1413/1430 kmV  A#R*Inclination82.6UY  A#R(Period114.3 minr% v M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #113$  " < v  1ہ   Cosmos 2304H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23041 O '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23446 / 94086Fh'O  A#RNLaunch date26 Dec 1994 at 22:27 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)` j A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1412/1417 kmV  A#R*Inclination82.6Uj  A#R(Period114.1 minr%  M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #113$  " <  1P / N Cosmos 2305H / 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23051 ` '  Generalg /  G#^@") Designation23453 / 94088Ah'` / A#RNLaunch date29 Dec 1994 at 11:31 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCISI/ ) G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (advanced Yantar'; 5th generation)^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee231/288 kmV)  A#R*Inclination64.9T 1 A#R&Period89.7 mini  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz^1  A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC31U1 M $ bThis spacecraft raises its orbit periodically5  '  End of lifeRM  A#R"CausedeorbitV * A#R*Decay18 Dec 1995$ N " < *  1iہz   Cosmos 2306HN  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23061  '  Generalg j G#^@") Designation23501 / 95008Ag&  A#RLLaunch date2 Mar 1995 at 13:00 UTjj ; M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|5  G#^j"H̀MissionMilitary: calibration (cosmos 816 type)^;  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee469/516 kmV k A#R*Inclination65.8T  A#R&Period94.5 minlk 7 M#j>" & 7 N s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY  A#R0Launch sitePlesetskb7  $ Releases a series of small objects at intervals, to act as calibration targets for the radars.< R 12 R  7 Cosmos 2307H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2307[,R  / .XAlso called Glonass 71 or Glonass 7651  & '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23511 / 95009Ag&&  A#RLLaunch date7 Mar 1995 at 09:23 UTj ^ M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)\^ * A#R6"Perigee/Apogee19132 kmT ~ A#R&Inclination64S*  A#R$Period279 mino"~ @ M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #232& f # 8@  ' "(Technical dataMf - B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN  { A#RChannel1L -  A#RPlane3L {  A#RSlot20$ 7 " <  s 1z s  Y Cosmos 2308H7  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2308[,s  / .XAlso called Glonass 72 or Glonass 7661  G '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23512 / 95009Bg&G  A#RLLaunch date7 Mar 1995 at 09:23 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)\ K A#R6"Perigee/Apogee19132 kmT  A#R&Inclination64SK  A#R$Period279 mino" a M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #232&  # 8a  ' "(Technical dataM N B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelO  A#RChannel10L N  A#RPlane3L 5 A#RSlot22$ Y " < 5  12  C Cosmos 2309HY  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2309[, 8 / .XAlso called Glonass 73 or Glonass 7771 i '  Generalg 8  G#^@") Designation23513 / 95009Cg&i 7 A#RLLaunch date7 Mar 1995 at 09:23 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#7 @ M#jF"H̀シMissionNavig @ Y ation (Uragan)\ y@ A#R6"Perigee/Apogee19132 kmT@ @ A#R&Inclination64Sy@  A A#R$Period279 mino"@ A M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #232& A A # 8A A ' "(Technical dataMA |B B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN A B A#RChannel3L |B C A#RPlane3L B bC A#RSlot19$C C " < bC C 1^ C  D zH Cosmos 2310HC  D 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23101 C ;D '  Generalg D D G#^@") Designation23526 / 95012Ah';D  E A#RNLaunch date22 Mar 1995 at 04:05 UTjD tE M#j:"N , Country of originCIS. E E S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_tE TF A#R<"Perigee/Apogee980/1010 kmVE F A#R*Inclination82.9STF F A#R$Period105 minlF iG M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYF G A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&iG G # 8G  H ' "(OTechnical dataZ6G zH $ lDownlink frequencies: 149.910 & 399.760 MHzPlane 2< H H 1̃ H H M Cosmos 2311HzH H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23111 H /I '  Generalg H I G#^@") Designation23530 / 95014Ah'/I I A#RNLaunch date22 Mar 1995 at 16:45 UTjI hJ M#j:"N , Country of originCISw0I J G#^`"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar')^hJ =K A#R:"Perigee/Apogee169/334 kmVJ K A#R*Inclination67.1U=K K A#R(Period89.54 miniK QL M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYK L A#R0Launch sitePlesetskAQL L $ :Design lifetime: 2 months5L  M '  End of lifeVL vM A#R*Decay31 May 1995$ M M " < vM M 1d^ M N X Cosmos 2312HM N 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23121 M ON '  Generalg N N G#^@") Designation23584 / 95026Ah'ON O A#RNLaunch date24 May 1995 at 20:10 UTjN O M#j:"N , Country of originCISr+O  G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko)O  M `O l A#R>"Perigee/Apogee614/40166 kmV € A#R*Inclination62.8Sl  A#R$Period709 mink€  M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY ف A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk}Y V $ Other birds of this program are: 2063, 2097, 2176, 2217, 2222, 2232, 2241, 2261, 22868ف  ' "(OTechnical data8V Ƃ ' " Specificationsd# * A#RF&Prime contractorNPO LavotchkinN Ƃ x A#RPlatform[* Ӄ A#R4"Mass at launch2300 kgSx & A#R$ Mass in orbitL Ӄ r A#RLengthK &  A#RWidthL r  A#RHeightS \ A#R$ StabilizationT  A#R&DC power2800 W]\  A#R8$Design lifetime5 years?K' X $ NEquipped with an infrared telescope<  1&̃& ܆ ъ Cosmos 2313HX ܆ 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23131  '  Generalg ܆ t G#^@") Designation23596 / 95028Ag& ۇ A#RLLaunch date8 Jun 1995 at 04:30 UTjt E M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7ۇ Ɉ M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^E ' A#R:"Perigee/Apogee403/415 kmTɈ { A#R&Inclination65T' ω A#R&Period92.7 mine{ 4 G#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2Yω  A#R0Launch siteTyuratamD4 ъ * $4g,xReplaced Cosmos 2258<  1l U  Cosmos 2314Hъ U 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23141  '  Generalg U  G#^@") Designation23601 / 95031Ah' U A#RNLaunch date28 Jun 1995 at 18:30 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCISw0U 6 G#^`"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar')^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee166/339 kmV6  A#R*Inclination67.1T > A#R&Period89.6 mini  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY>  A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk я % YBuilt by TsSKB (Central Specialized Design Bureau) of Samara, Russia and will obtain images for the Russian GRU intelligence agency. Has the ability to raise its orbit.5  '  End of я  ъ lifeUя g A#R(Decay6 Sep 1995$  " < g  1&   Cosmos 2315H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23151 @ '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation23603 / 95032Ag&@  A#RLLaunch date5 Jul 1995 at 03:10 UTj x M#j:"N , Country of originCISv#  S#vF"H̀(シ 剂MissionNavigation (Kurs)_x M A#R<"Perigee/Apogee988/1027 kmV  A#R*Inclination82.9SM  A#R$Period105 minl b M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos Ce$  A#RHLaunch sitePlesetsk LC132 pad 1nb Y $ Part of a new series: the Kurs system enables maritime traffic control and messages to individual vessels.8  ' "(OTechnical dataS/Y  $ ^Downlink frequencies: 150 & 400 MHzPlane 11<  1 h  Cosmos 2316H h 5 :(qi" Cosmos 2316[,  / .XAlso called Glonass 74 or Glonass 7801 h  '  Generalg [ G#^@") Designation23620 / 95037Ah'  A#RNLaunch date24 Jul 1995 at 15:52 UTj[ - M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!-  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19101/19134 kmV U A#R*Inclination64.8S  A#R$Period675 mino"U  M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #234& = # 8 u ' "(Technical dataM=  B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN u R A#RChannel4L   A#RPlane2L R  A#RSlot15$  " < J 1 J  DCosmos 2317H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 2317[,J  / .XAlso called Glonass 75 or Glonass 7811  '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation23621 / 95037Bh'  A#RNLaunch date24 Jul 1995 at 15:52 UTj W M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#  M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!W ) A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19101/19134 kmV  A#R*Inclination64.8S)  A#R$Period675 mino" MM#jD" M  &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #234& s# 8M' "(Technical dataMs:B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN A#RChannel9L :A#RPlane2L  A#RSlot10$D" < 1G nCosmos 2318HD5 :(qi" Cosmos 2318[,#/ .XAlso called Glonass 76 or Glonass 7851 T'  Generalg #G#^@") Designation23622 / 95037Ch'T#A#RNLaunch date24 Jul 1995 at 15:52 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISp##M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!_A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19101/19134 kmVA#R*Inclination64.8S_A#R$Period675 mino"wM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #234&# 8w' "(Technical dataMdB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN A#RChannel4L dA#RPlane2L JA#RSlot11$n" < J1f S Cosmos 2319Hn5 :(qi" Cosmos 23191 # '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation23653 / 95045Ah'#  A#RNLaunch date30 Aug 1995 at 19:33 UTj \ M#j:"N , Country of originCIS6  S#vl"H̀(‰MissionMilitary: Telecommunications: Geizere\ J G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit80Eo"  M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #235&J  # 8  ' "(Technical data< S ) "&$Specifications<   1Gl  )BCosmos 2320HS  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23201  '  Generalg o G#^@") Designation23674 / 95051Ah'  A#RNLaunch date29 Sep 1995 at 04:25 UTjo AM#j:"N , Country of originCISI G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (advanced Yantar'; 5th generation)^A/A#R:"Perigee/Apogee189/304 kmVA#R*Inclination64.9R/A#R"Period89 miniL@M#j8"L@S  &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz^@A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC31&L@@# 5@A'  End of life_@dAA#R<"Out of service28 Sep 1996TAAA#R&CausedeorbitedK dABA#RDecay&A)B# < BeB1f` eBBHCosmos 2321H)BB5 :(qi" Cosmos 23211 eBB'  Generalg BECG#^@") Designation23676 / 95052Ag&BCA#RLLaunch date6 Oct 1995 at 03:23 UTjECDM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.CDS#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)^DDA#R:"Perigee/Apogee257/790 kmVDKEA#R*Inclination82.9TDEA#R&Period95.1 minlKE FM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C_EjFA#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132 FG% The second stage of the launcher malfunctioned; thus the satellite couldn't reach the intended 960 km x 1010 km x 83 orbit.5jFDG'  End of life^GGA#R:"Out of service6 Oct 1995VDGGA#R*Decay21 Aug 1997&GH# < GZH1yl> ZHHLCosmos 2322HHH5 :(qi" Cosmos 23221 ZHH'  Generalg H:IG#^@") Designation23704 / 95058Ah'HIA#RNLaunch date31 Oct 1995 at 20:19 UTj:I JM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,IJM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^ JJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee849/852 kmTJ7KA#R&Inclination71UJKA#R(Period101.9 mini7KKM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenitKL% The booster is said to reduce air pollution to a minimum... The Zenit rocket produced by Ukraine is fuelled by a mixture of liquid oxygen and kerosene. Zenit was fired 14 times since 1987 with 3 failures.< K&M1` &MnMCosmos 2323HLnM5 :(qi" Cosmos 2323E&MM) "8Also called Glonass 7761 nMM'  Generalg MKNG#^@") Designation23734 / 95068Ah'MNA#RNLaunch date14 Dec 1995 at 06:10 UTjKNOM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#NOM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!O A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19114/19141 kmO LVObA#R*Inclination64.8S A#R$Period675 mino"b$M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #238&J# 8$' "(Technical dataMJB#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN _A#RChannel6L A#RPlane2K _A#RSlot9$" < V1> V.Cosmos 2324H5 :(qi" Cosmos 2324EV) "8Also called Glonass 7781 '  Generalg {G#^@") Designation23735 / 95068Bh'A#RNLaunch date14 Dec 1995 at 06:10 UTj{MM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!MA#RB"Perigee/Apogee19117/19139 kmVuA#R*Inclination64.8SȆA#R$Period675 mino"u7M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #238&Ȇ]# 87' "(Technical dataM]$B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelOsA#RChannel11L $A#RPlane2K s A#RSlot9$." < j10 jBCosmos 2325H.5 :(qi" Cosmos 2325Ej) "8Also called Glonass 7821 ('  Generalg G#^@") Designation23736 / 95068Ch'(A#RNLaunch date14 Dec 1995 at 06:10 UTjaM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#ыM#jF"H̀シMissionNavigation (Uragan)b!a3A#RB"Perigee/Apogee19109/19148 kmVыA#R*Inclination64.8S3܌A#R$Period675 mino"KM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #238&܌q# 8K' "(Technical dataMq8B#T$Frequency (MHz)L1 = 1602 + 0.5625 * channelL2 = 1246 + 0.4375 * channelN A#RChannel6L 8ҎA#RPlane2L A#RSlot13$ҎB" < ~1ʁ ~ƏuCosmos 2326HBƏ5 :(qi" Cosmos 23261 ~ '  GeneralƏ Bg ƏsG#^@") Designation23748 / 95071Ah' A#RNLaunch date20 Dec 1995 at 00:52 UTjsEM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)TEA#R&"Perigee/ApogeeQnA#R InclinationL A#RPeriodenG#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2^}A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC90&%  It also carries 'Konus-A', a secondary science payload made in the A.F.Ioffe Physics and Technology Institute in St.Petersburg.5}['  End of lifeT&A#R&"Out of serviceK [A#RCauseUOA#R(Decay8 Nov 1997&u# < O10 Cosmos 2327Hu5 :(qi" Cosmos 23271 *'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23773 / 96004Ah'*A#RNLaunch date16 Jan 1996 at 15:34 UTjcM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_cCA#R<"Perigee/Apogee974/1033 kmTA#R&Inclination83SCA#R$Period105 minlVM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos C_A#R<Launch sitePlesetsk LC132&V# 5'  End of lifeTdA#R&"Out of serviceQA#R CausefailedK dA#RDecay(($ 8`' "(OTechnical dataZ6($ lDownlink frequencies: 149.970 & 399.920 MHzPlane 1< `1ʁ > Cosmos 2328H>5 :(qi" Cosmos 23281 o'  Generalg >G#^@") Designation23790 / 96009D\o2A#R6Launch date19 Feb 1996jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/2S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)\zA#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUA#R(Inclination~82L zA#RPeriodr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #115L( $ PThis is the 3000th Russian satellite < H1 HCosmos 2329H 5 :(qi" Cosmos 23291 H'  Generalg (G#^@") Designation23791 / 96009E\A#R6Launch date19 Feb 1996j(M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/pS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)\A#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUp!A#R(Inclination~82L mA#RPeriodr%!M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #115$m" < ?1  ?Cosmos 2330H5 :(qi" Cosmos 23301 ?'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23792 / 96009F\{A#R6Launch date19 Feb 1996jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/{gS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)\A#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUgA#R(Inclination~82L dA#RPeriodr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #115&d# < 816g 8 Cosmos 2331H5 :(qi" Cosmos 23311 8'  Generalg  G#^@") Designation23818 / 96016Ah' A#RNLaunch date14 Mar 1996 at 17:45 UTj  M#j:"N , Country of originCISw0 a G#^`"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar')^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee164/355 kmVa  A#R*Inclination67.1L a A#RPeriodi  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYa # A#R0Launch sitePlesetskb7  + $oY뉂This Russian Defense Ministry payload carries a US DoD secondary experiment launched as part of the Space Test Program (STP), the BINRAD package which will attempt to detect the presence of beryllium at orbital altitudes. BINRAD was flown twice before on Russian civilian Resurs F remote sensing missions.< #  1 K  ACosmos 2332H  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23321 :'  Generalg G#^@") Designation23853 / 96025Ah': A#RNLaunch date24 Apr 1996 at 13:03 UTjsM#j:"N , Country of originCISj# G#^F"H̀MissionMilitary: calibration_sH@A#R<H@ "Perigee/Apogee303/1575 kmT@A#R&Inclination83L H@@A#RPeriodl@TAM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY@AA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&TAA# DAB1mK[ BgBHCosmos 2333 failurePAgB5 :8qi" Cosmos 2333 failure1 BB'  General\gBBG#^*") Designationn/a\BPCA#R6Launch date14 May 1996jBCM#j:"N , Country of originCIS?PC@DG#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kometa; 4th generation)cCDG#^8" &Launch vehicleSoyuz UY@DDA#R0Launch siteTyuratamD G' The rocket was lost 2 minutes after launch during the burn of the first stage. The SPIN-2 payload was onboard (US mapping project) During 45 days in low orbit this satelite would have taken photos of 1.2 million square miles of the Earth's surface for American companies. In particular, the satellite was to have taken high-resolution photographs (2 m) of the United States to fulfill a contract signed last summer by Russia's Sovinformsputnik and the U.S. Aerial Images company.D&H% The insurer for the satellite payed $2.7 million The experts revealed that the boosters had production errors (on the nose cones and with low quality of the latches). The report said the nose cones split apart and disintegrated during launch.< GbH' *O External resourcesA&HH' 4http://www.spin-2.com/< bHH1gX H'ILCosmos 2333HH'I5 :(qi" Cosmos 23331 HXI'  Generalg 'IIG#^@") Designation24297 / 96051Ag&XI&JA#RLLaunch date4 Sep 1996 at 09:01 UTjIJM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,&J KM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: SIGINT (Tselina-2)^JgKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee848/852 kmT KKA#R&Inclination71UgKLA#R(Period101.9 miniKyLM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit&LL# < yLL1%XJ L#MCosmos 2334HL#M5 :(qi" Cosmos 23341 LTM'  Generalg #MMG#^@") Designation24304 / 96052Ag&TM"NA#RLLaunch date5 Sep 1996 at 12:47 UTjMNM#j:"N , Country of originCIS."N OS#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_NlOA#R<"Perigee/Apogee968/1009 kmV OOA#R*Inclination82.9UlO#A#R(O#LPeriod104.8 minlOM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos Ca #A#R@Launch sitePlesetsk LC132/1/ $ Plane 5< [1[ [Cosmos 2335H5 :(qi" Cosmos 23351 [ԁ'  Generalg ;G#^@") Designation24670 / 96069Ah'ԁA#RNLaunch date11 Dec 1996 at 12:00 UTj; M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7M#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee403/417 kmVEA#R*Inclination65.4TA#R&Period92.7 mineEG#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2^\A#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC90&# < \1J Cosmos 2336H5 :(qi" Cosmos 23361 7'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24677 / 96071Ah'7A#RNLaunch date20 Dec 1996 at 06:44 UTjpM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_pPA#R<"Perigee/Apogee979/1012 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9SPA#R$Period105 minleM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk/ e$ Plane 4< )1 )qCosmos 2337Hq5 :(qi" Cosmos 23371 )'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation24725 / 97006A\eA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1997j ϋM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/eQS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)\ϋA#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUQA#R(Inclination~82L NA#RPeriodr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #116&N# < "1b "jCosmos 2338Hj5 :(qi" Cosmos 23381 "'  Generalg jG#^@") Designation24726 / 97006B\^A#R6Launch date14 Feb 1997jȏM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/^VS#v^"H̀ȏV(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)\ȏA#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUVA#R(Inclination~82L SA#RPeriodr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #116&S# < '1i 'oCosmos 2339Ho5 :(qi" Cosmos 23391 ''  Generalg oG#^@") Designation24727 / 97006C\cA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1997jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/cOS#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)\A#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUOA#R(Inclination~82L LA#RPeriodr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #116&L# <  1 b hWCosmos 2340Hh5 :(qi" Cosmos 23401 '  Generalg hG#^@") Designation24761 / 97015A[[A#R4Launch date9 Apr 1997jM#j:"N , Country of originCISr+[7G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko)`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee527/39367 kmV7A#R*Inclination62.9S@A#R$Period708 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaY@A#R0Launch sitePlesetskS)W* $R2xPrevious bird of this program: 2312< 1iу Cosmos 2341HW5 :(qi" Cosmos 23411  '  Generalg sG#^@") Designation24772 / 97017A\ A#R6Launch date17 Apr 1997js9M#j:"N , Country of originCIS.S#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_9A#R<"Perigee/Apogee977/1014 kmVoA#R*Inclination82.9SA#R$Period105 minlo.M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&.# < 1!  1-Cosmos 2342H15 :(qi" Cosmos 23421 b'  Generalg 1G#^@") Designation24800 / 97022A\b1A#R61Launch date14 May 1997jM#j:"N , Country of originCISr+1 G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko)`mA#R>"Perigee/Apogee514/39377 kmV A#R*Inclination62.8SmA#R$Period708 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYA#R0Launch sitePlesetskS)-* $Rw3xPrevious bird of this program: 2340< i1у  i: Cosmos 2343H-5 :(qi" Cosmos 23431 i'  Generalg IG#^@") Designation24805 / 97024A\A#R6Launch date15 May 1997jIM#j:"N , Country of originCIS?G#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kuban?; 7th generation)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee216/338 kmVIA#R*Inclination64.9RA#R"Period90 miniIM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz' !It was 1495th success space launch of a launcher based on the R-7 ICBM, 666th launch of Soyuz-U in total score, 250th launch of Soyuz-U from Baykonur and 350th launch in total score (including space launchers and ICBMs) from LC31 of Baykonur.The satellite caused a great deal of controversy when in burned into the atmosphere on 23 Sep 1997 from the Western Isles to the north of England (UK). 5'  End of life_O A#R<"Out of service18 Sep 1997q0 A#R`Causedeorbited and destroyed intentionally VO  A#R*Decay23 Sep 1997$ : " <  v 1k m  v  ACosmos 2344H:  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23441 v  '  Generalg V G#^@") Designation24827 / 97028A[  A#R4Launch date6 Jun 1997jV  M#j:"N , Country of originCISE  G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (8th generation, called Arkon)`  A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1509/2747 kmV ] A#R*Inclination63.4U  A#R(Period130.1 mino"] !M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #248& G# 8!' "(OTechnical data8G' " SpecificationsV A#R*&Prime contractorN [A#RPlatform[ A#R4"Mass at launch6 tons?S[@A#R$ Mass in @: orbith'}@A#RNDimension2.3 m diameter x 7 m longQ@@A#R Solar arrayS}@!AA#R$ StabilizationN @oAA#RDC powerU!AAA#R($Design lifetime&oAA# < A&B1   &BnBECosmos 2345HAnB5 :(qi" Cosmos 23451 &BB'  Generalg nBCG#^@") Designation24894 / 97041A\BbCA#R6Launch date14 Aug 1997jCCM#j:"N , Country of originCIS>bCQDG#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Prognoz 2nd generation)eCDG#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit24Wo"QD%EM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #250&DKE# 8%EE' "(OTechnical data<KEE# 2Built by NPO Lavochkin< EE15m   ECFGJCosmos 2346HECF5 :(qi" Cosmos 23461 EtF'  Generalg CFFG#^@") Designation24953 / 97052Ah'tFCGA#RNLaunch date23 Sep 1997 at 16:44 UTjFGM#j:"N , Country of originCIS.CG.HS#v\"H̀(シ㼨ԟMissionMilitary: Navigation (Parus)_GHA#R<"Perigee/Apogee968/1009 kmV.HHA#R*Inclination82.9UH8IA#R(Period104.8 minlHIM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY8IIA#R0Launch sitePlesetskJ$IGJ& H810 kg, built by NPO PMPlane 1< IJ1 "  JJNCosmos 2347HGJJ5 :(qi" Cosmos 23471 JJ'  Generalg JcKG#^@") Designation25088 / 97079Af%JKA#RJLaunch date9 Dec 1997 at 7:17 UTjcK3LM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7KLM#jn"H̀/{MissionMilitary: ocean reconnaissance (Eorsat)Z3LMA#R2"Perigee/Apogee410 kmTLeMA#R&Inclination65L MMA#RPeriodeeMNG#^<" &Launch vehicleCyclone 2^MtNA#R:Launch siteTyuratam LC90=NN$ 2Said to weigh 3150 kg< tNN1 ! N5O̓Cosmos 2348HN5O5 :(qi" Cosmos 23481 NfO'  Generalg 5OOG#^@") Designation25095 / 97080Ah'fOAA#RNOANLaunch date15 Dec 1997 at 15:40 UTjOM#j:"N , Country of originCISHA:G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar' 3/4, also called Kobalt)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/370 kmV:A#R*Inclination67.1L :A#RPeriodcG#^8" &Launch vehicleSoyuz UY:A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5Q'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay14 Apr 1998&Q̓# <  1-" ! QMCosmos 2349H̓Q5 :(qi" Cosmos 23491 '  Generalg QG#^@") Designation25167 / 98009A\EA#R6Launch date17 Feb 1998jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS?E5G#^~"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Kometa; 4th generation)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee228/286 kmV5A#R*Inclination70.4R;A#R"Period90 mincG#^8" &Launch vehicleSoyuz UY;A#R0Launch siteTyuratam ' The SPIN-2 payload was onboard (US mapping project) During 45 days in low orbit this satellite has taken photos of 1.2 million square miles of the Earth's surface for American companies. In particular, the satellite has taken high-resolution photographs (2 m) of the United States to fulfill a contract signed last summer by Russia's Sovinformsputnik and the U.S. Aerial Images company.The photos were properly recovered after decay. They will be on sale on the TerraServer.F"F$ DDownlink: 15.03 GHz 40.08 GHz<' *O External resourcesf8F. ,phttp://www.spin-2.com/http://www.terraserver.com/5'  End of lifee$A#RH"Out of servicebefore 2 Apr 1998PҋA#RCausedecayU'A#R(Decay2 Apr 1998&ҋM# < '1~!! ьHCosmos 2350HMь5 :(qi" Cosmos 23501 '  Generalg ьiG#^@") Designation25315 / 98025A\ōA#R6Launch date29 Apr 1998ji/M#j:"N , Country of originCIS>ōG#^|"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Prognoz 2nd generation)a/G#^4"/ۀ0Geostationary orbito"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #235&# 8 ' "(Technical data M<H) "&$Specifications< 1 !X! Cosmos 2351HH5 :(qi" Cosmos 23511 '  Generalg dG#^@") Designation25327 / 98027A[A#R4Launch date7 May 1998jd)M#j:"N , Country of originCISr+G#^V"H̀MissionMilitary: early warning (Oko)`)A#R>"Perigee/Apogee514/39377 kmVQA#R*Inclination62.8SA#R$Period708 minkQM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYhA#R0Launch sitePlesetskS)* $Ro3xPrevious bird of this program: 2342< h1L!! ?ZCosmos 2352H?5 :(qi" Cosmos 23521 p'  Generalg ?G#^@") Designation25363 / 98036A\p3A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1998jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS/3S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)b!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1300 / 1900 kmQA#R InclinationL A#RPeriodr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #117Z% KThese spacecraft, Cosmos 2352 to 2357 were placed in an abnormal orbit by the Cyclone.This new group was launched into an elliptical orbit reaching about 300 km.< 1X! ! UCosmos 2353HZ5 :(qi" Cosmos 23531 '  Generalg vG#^@") Designation25364 / 98036B\A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1998jv<M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)b!< A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1300 / 1900 kmQqA#R InclinationL A#RPeriodr%q/M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #117&U# < /1!C" \Cosmos 2354HU5 :(qi" Cosmos 23541  '  Generalg qG#^@") Designation25365 / 98036C\ A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1998jq7M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)b!7'A#RB"Perig'Uee/Apogee1300 / 1900 kmQxA#R InclinationL 'A#RPeriodr%x6M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #117&\# < 61 !L" WCosmos 2355H\5 :(qi" Cosmos 23551 '  Generalg xG#^@") Designation25366 / 98036D\A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1998jx>M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)b!>"A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1300 / 1900 kmQsA#R InclinationL "A#RPeriodr%s1M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #117&W# < 11C"T" Q Cosmos 2356HW5 :(qi" Cosmos 23561  '  Generalg sG#^@") Designation25367 / 98036E\ A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1998js9M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)a 9A#R@"Perigee/Apogee1300 / 1900kmQmA#R InclinationL A#RPeriodr%m+ M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #117&Q # < +  1L"="  /Cosmos 2357HQ  5 :(qi" Cosmos 23571  '  Generalg m G#^@") Designation25368 / 98036F\  A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1998jm 3 M#j:"N , Country of originCIS/  S#v^"H̀(㓉<MissionTelecommunications (Strela-3)b!3  A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1300 / 1900 kmQ h A#R InclinationL   A#RPeriodr%h & M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #117  /& The Cosmos satellites from 2352 through 2357 did not arrive on the correct orbit. This problem is due to an incorrect command sent to the rocket's accelerator blocks.A re-programmation will be needed to serve their purpose< & k1bT"" kCCosmos 2358H/5 :(qi" Cosmos 23581 k'  Generalg KG#^@") Designation25373 / 98038Ab!A#RBLaunch date24 Jun 1998 at 18jK#@M#j:"N , Coun#@/try of originCISH@G#^"H̀MissionMilitary: reconnaissance (Yantar' 3/4, also called Kobalt)_#@AA#R<"Perigee/Apogee334 / 167kmV@gAA#R*Inclination67.1L AAA#RPeriodigABM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYAuBA#R0Launch sitePlesetskkEBC& It has a large reentry vehicle containing the camera system, and probably at least two small reentry capsules which return film during the mission, expected to last about three months. The low perigee, 67 degree inclination orbit used by this satellite is characteristic of the high resolution recoverable Yantars. [JSR]< uBD1="-" DdD6HCosmos 2359HCdD5 :(qi" Cosmos 23591 DD'  Generalg dDDG#^@") Designation25376 / 98039Ah'DdEA#RNLaunch date25 Jun 1998 at 14:00 UTjDEM#j:"N , Country of originCIS]dE+FG#^,"H̀MissionMilitary`EFA#R>"Perigee/Apogee240 / 302 kmV+FFA#R*Inclination64.9L F-GA#RPeriodiFGM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY-GGA#R0Launch siteTyuratamG#G6H$ FIt was built by TsSKB-Progress.< GrH1" rHH2LCosmos 2360H6HH5 :(qi" Cosmos 23601 rHH'  Generalg HRIG#^@") Designation25406 / 98045Ag&HIA#RLLaunch date28 Jul 1998 at 9:15 UTjRI#JM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,IJM#jX"H̀_剂MissionMilitary: Sigint (Tselina-2)^#JJA#R:"Perigee/Apogee848/852 kmTJNKA#R&Inclination71UJKA#R(Period101.9 miniNK LM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz&K2L# 7 LiL1nQQ iLL;Astron7 2LL, (" Astron1 iLL'  Generalg L8MG#^@") Designation13901 / 83020A\LMA#R6Launch date23 Mar 1983j8MMM#j:"N , Country of originCISr%MpNM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomyc"MNA#RD"Perigee/Apogee25731/178615 kmVpN)OA#R*Inclination34.1VNOA#R*Period5932.2 mino")O M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #106O 2Ls2OA#Rd"Mass at launch3500 kg (450 kg of instruments) ;% /Carries the French and Russian experiment UFT for UV astronomy. Payload: 1 telescope (80 cm diameter and 5 m long) and a spectrometer (1.15-3.5 m)> y1VV yÁ+Program: BionJ;Á5 :,ؽG" Program: Biony& gRussian recoverable scientific satellites programThe recoverable Bion spacecraft, built by TsSKB-Progress of Samara, is based on the Zenit/Vostok spaceship in use since 1960.<Á؂' *O External resourcesS,+' Xhttp://baby.indstate.edu/asgsb/bion.html1؂\1J \u+u\ {6!wfx0pProgram: BionBion 01Bion 02 (Cosmos 0690)Bion 03Bion 04Bion 05 (Cosmos 1129)Bion 06 (Cosmos 1514)Bion 07 (Cosmos 1667)Bion 08Bion 09Bion 10 (Cosmos 2229)Bion 118\1 # ɊBion 11Du5 : ؽG" Bion 111 "'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24702 / 96073A\"A#R6Launch date24 Dec 1996jOM#j:"N , Country of originCISeG#^<"H̀MissionScientific: life^OA#R:"Perigee/Apogee217/378 kmVhA#R*Inclination62.8TA#R&Period90.4 minchG#^8" &Launch vehicleSoyuz UYxA#R0Launch sitePlesetskC' 9It carries newts, snails, Drosophila flies and other insects, bacteria, and two macaque monkeys, Lapik and Multik. Both monkeys were safe at landing but Multik died of an heart attack during medical tests under general anaesthetic on January 8.Could downlink in the 136 MHz area5x'  End of life^NA#R:"Out of service7 Jan 1997UA#R(Decay7 Jan 1997&NɊ# 81# E Bion 12DɊE5 : ؽG" Bion 121 v'  GeneralYEϋG#^$") DesignationQv A#R Launch datejϋM#j:"N , Country of originCISe G#^<"H̀MissionScientific: life^MA#R:"Perigee/Apogee217/378 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8TMA#R&Period90.4 mincZG#^8" &Launch vehicleSoyuz UYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk2Z - ( 0pNASA should not participate to this mission, probably because of public pressure after the monkey experimentation that went on on Bion 11. This could lead to monkey being replaced by rats for the future life experimentsCould downlink in the 136 MHz area Ɋ?K1oz& KProgram: EkranK 5 :._ " Program: Ekran>K# 6Soviet direct TV program11U <A) "&~񢝀Program: Ekran1{#ƀb"eɀeɉ2eɉJeɉEkran 01Ekran 02Ekran 03Ekran 041A{#ƀb"eɀeɉ2eɉJeɉEkran 05Ekran 06Ekran 07Ekran 088a#p(eɀ(xdɀ(8odɀ(TpdɀEkran 09Ekran 10Ekran 11Ekran 128)#p(qdɀ(rdɀ(8sdɀ(TtdɀEkran 13Ekran 14Ekran 15Ekran 168a#p(udɀ(vdɀ(8wdɀ(TdɀEkran 17Ekran 18Ekran 19Ekran 20$)" 1F1U F<# 2Ekran's specificationsq0FA#R`0&Prime contractorNPO Prikadnoy Mekaniki (PM)SFA#R$0PlatformEkran[A#R40"Mass at launch1970 kgQFA#R 0Diameter2 mOAA#R0Height5 mYA#R00 Stabilization3 axis\AA#R60$Design lifetime3 years2 ('  UHF-bandXA#R.0(Main transponders1Z(A#R20,Backup transponders1P*A#R0Power200 WUA#R(0Bandwidth24 MHzb!*A#RB0CoverageCIS and part of AsiaR3A#R"0EIRP55.5 dBWz8B#Tp0FrequenciesUplink: C-band (6 GHz)Downlink: 714 MHz$3" 9 1# O3Ekran 01EO5 :"_ " Ekran 011 '  Generalg OG#^@") Designation09503 / 76107A\CA#R6Launch date26 Oct 1976jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"CM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]yA#R8,Geostationary orbit99En!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #60&y # 5B'  End of lifeW A#R,"Out of serviceyes&B# 8' "(Technical data<3) "&ƀSpecifications9l1#@$ l=Ekran 02E35 :"_ " Ekran 021 l '  General 3g sG#^@") Designation10365 / 77092A\ A#R6Launch date20 Sep 1977js9M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsY9A#R0,Geostationary orbitn!oM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #65&# 5o'  End of lifeW!A#R,"Out of serviceyes?C#TCauseThe satellite broke up in GEO because of a nickel-hydrogen battery explosion on 23 Jun 1978.[The Soviets photographed the explosion accidentally. No other space power noted the explosion - the Russians revealed that the satellite had exploded at a conference in Moscow in February 1992.] &!# 8' "(Technical data<=) "&ƀSpecifications9v1#\$ v Ekran 03E=5 :"_ " Ekran 031 v'  Generalg SG#^@") Designation11273 / 79015A\A#R6Launch date21 Feb 1979jSM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYA#R0,Geostationary orbitn!OM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #76&u# 5O'  End of lifeWu A#R,"Out of serviceyes&' # 8 _ ' "(Technical data<'  ) "&ƀSpecifications9_  1@$x$   Ekran 04I  8 @$_ " Ekran 041 N '  Generalg   G#^@") Designation11561 / 79087A[N  A#R4Launch date3 Oct 1979j z M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"  M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYz B A#R0,Geostationary orbitn!  M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #80&B  # 5  '  End of lifeW b A#R,"Out of serviceyes&  # 8b  ' "(Technical data<  ) "&ƀSpecifications9 51"\$$ 5~jBEkran 05I ~8 @$_ " Ekran 051 5'  Generalg ~G#^@") Designation11890 / 80060A\rA#R6Launch date14 Jul 1980jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"rW@M#jDW@ "H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsY@A#R0,Geostationary orbitn!W@AM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #84&@DA# 5AyA'  End of lifeWDAAA#R,"Out of serviceyes&yAA# 8A.B' "(Technical data<AjB) "&ƀSpecifications9.BB1x$$ BBFEkran 06IjBB8 @$_ " Ekran 061 BC'  Generalg BCG#^@") Designation12120 / 80104A\CCA#R6Launch date26 Dec 1980jCJDM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"CDM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYJDEA#R0,Geostationary orbitn!DEM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #86&EE# 5EE'  End of lifeWE2FA#R,"Out of serviceyes&EXF# 82FF' "(Technical data<XFF) "&ƀSpecifications9FG1$$! GNG.KEkran 07IFNG8 @$_ " Ekran 071 GG'  Generalg NGGG#^@") Designation12564 / 81061A\GBHA#R6Launch date25 Jun 1981jGHM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"BHIM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYHtIA#R0,Geostationary orbitn!IIM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #89&tIJ# 5I=J'  End of lifeWJJA#R,"Out of serviceyes&=JJ# 8JJ' "(Technical data<J.K) "&ƀSpecifications9JgK1$$" gKKOEkran 08E.KK5 :"_ " Ekran 081 gKK'  Generalg KDLG#^@") Designation13056 / 82009A[KLA#R4Launch date5 Feb 1982jDL MM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"LxMM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications] MMA#R8,Geostationary orbit99En!xMCNM#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #94&MiN# 5CNN'  End of lifeWiNNA#R,"Out of serviceyes&NO# 8NSO' "(Technical data<OO) "&ƀSpecifications9SOO11$%# OEkran 09EO5 :"_ "OO Ekran 091 OJ'  Generalg G#^@") Designation13554 / 82093A\J A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1982jwM#j:"N , Country of originCISo" M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]wCA#R8,Geostationary orbit99En!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #99&Cׂ# 5 '  End of lifeWׂcA#R,"Out of serviceyes& # 8c' "(Technical data<) "&ƀSpecifications961$-%$ 6`Ekran 10I8 @$_ " Ekran 101 6'  Generalg G#^@") Designation13878 / 83016A\sA#R6Launch date12 Mar 1983j݅M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"sLM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsY݅A#R0,Geostationary orbito"LM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #105&:# 5o'  End of lifeW:ƇA#R,"Out of serviceyes&o# 8Ƈ$' "(Technical data<`) "&ƀSpecifications9$1%N%% ވÌEkran 11E`ވ5 :"_ " Ekran 111 '  Generalg ވvG#^@") Designation14377 / 83100A\҉A#R6Launch date30 Sep 1983jv<M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"҉M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]<A#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"wM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #113&# 5wҋ'  End of lifeW)A#R,"Out of serviceyes&ҋO# 8)' "(Technical data<OÌ) "&ƀSpecifications91-%K%& A2Ekran 12EÌA5 :"_ " Ekran 121 r'  Generalg AٍG#^@") Designation14821 / 84028A\r5A#R6Launch date16 Mar 1984jٍM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"5M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]kA#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"ڏM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #118&k # ڏ Ì5ڏA'  End of lifeW A#R,"Out of serviceyes&A# 8' "(Technical data<2) "&ƀSpecifications9k1N%l%' kEkran 13E25 :"_ " Ekran 131 k'  Generalg HG#^@") Designation15219 / 84090A\A#R6Launch date24 Aug 1984jHM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"}M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"}IM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #124&o# 5I'  End of lifeWoA#R,"Out of serviceyes&!# 8Y' "(Technical data<!) "&ƀSpecifications9Y1K%%( Ekran 14E5 :"_ " Ekran 141 D'  Generalg G#^@") Designation15626 / 85024A\DA#R6Launch date22 Mar 1985jqM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]q=A#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #131&=# 5'  End of lifeW^A#R,"Out of serviceyes&# 8^' "(Technical data<) "&ƀSpecifications911l%%) 1v[Ekran 15Ev5 :"_ " Ekran 151 1'  Generalg vG#^@") Designation16729 / 86038A\jA#R6Launch date24 May 1986jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"jCM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]A#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"CM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #142&5# 5j'  End of lifeW5A#R,"Out of serviceyes&j# 8' "(Technical data<[) "&ƀSpecifications91%&* Ekran 16E[5 :"_ " Ekran 161  '  Generalg qG#^@") Designation18328 / 87073A[ A#R4Launch date4 Sep 1987jqBM#j:"N B[, Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]BA#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"}M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #154&# 5}'  End of lifeW/A#R,"Out of serviceyes&U# 8/' "(Technical data<U) "&ƀSpecifications91%&+ G,Ekran 17EG5 :"_ " Ekran 171 x'  Generalg GG#^@") Designation18715 / 87109A\x;A#R6Launch date27 Dec 1987jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo";M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]qA#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #160&q# 5;'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes&;# 8' "(Technical data<,) "&ƀSpecifications9e1&&, e Ekran 18E,5 :"_ " Ekran 181 e'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation19090 / 88036A[A#R4Launch date6 May 1988jB M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"v M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunications]  A#R8,Geostationary orbit99Eo"v B M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #165& h # 5B  '  End of lifeWh  A#R,"Out of serviceyes&  # 8 R ' "(Technical data<  ) "&ƀSpecifications9R  1$&&-   @Ekran 19E  5 :"_ " Ekran 191 = '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation19683 / 88108A[=  A#R4Launch date8 Dec 1988j i M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"  M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsg&i ?A#RL,Geostationary orbit99E, inclinedo" M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #173&?# 5 '  End of life\eA#R6"Out of serviceOct 1996& # 8e' "(Technical data< @) "&ƀSpecifications @ 9E@1v&. E@@CEkran 20E @@5 :"_ " Ekran 201 E@@'  Generalg @"AG#^@") Designation22210 / 92074A\@~AA#R6Launch date30 Oct 1992j"AAM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"~AWBM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationso(ABG#^P"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit99E, inclinedo"WB5CM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #210&B[C# 85CC' "(Technical data<[CC) "&ƀSpecifications: C D1 #m&/ DCDNElectro 1:CCD, (" Electro 19 D|D# ,Also called GOMS N11 CDD'  Generalg |DEG#^@") Designation23327 / 94069A\DpEA#R6Launch date31 Oct 1994jEEM#j:"N , Country of originCIShpEBFM#j6"H̀DVMissionMeteorologyg EFG#^@"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit76.5Eo"BFGM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #228;FSH' )It will provide cloud cover and sea temperature maps, along with the data on the upper boundaries of clouds and wind speeds, to enable hurricane, floods, and typhoon warnings.Operational since 1 Jun 1996. It broadcasts on 1691 MHz (WEFAX with a minimum filter of 50 KHz)<GH' * External resourcesR+SHH' Vhttp://smis.iki.rssi.ru/goms/goms_1.htm8HI' "(OTechnical data8HQI' " Specifications]IIA#R8&Prime contractorVNII-EMUQIJA#R(PlatformElectro[I^JA#R4"Mass at launch2400 kgSJJA#R$ Mass in orbitL ^JJA#RLengthK JHKA#RWidthL JKA#RHeightYHKKA#R0 Stabilization3 axisTKALA#R&DC power1500 W\KLA#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsuKALN* "L-band (1.6 GHz) capableWave bands: 0.46-0.7 m (visible) & 10.5-12.5 m (infrared)One image every 30 minutes, transmission at 2.56 mbpsThe satellite downlinks at 1.76 GHz and 7.5 GHz. It receives data (for retransmission) at 2.1 GHz and 8.2 GHz. Other frequencies at 470 & 402 MHz are said to be used for data collection.@LRN1&'0 RNN Program: Elekon@NN, (*" Program: ElekonS.RN % ]LEO system project from the Russian NPO-PM firm with Elbe Space & Technology and KG. Elekon. The system would be carried by 7 modules on Kosmos satellites.Would be on polar orbits (1150 km apogee). Communications with mobiles: 1.6 GHz (uplink) and 2.5 GHz (downlink). Controling would be in C-band.N NBNN1m&${1 N'Program: ElektronN 5 :4r" Program: ElektronhN'# Soviet scientific program: Earth's magnetic field, solar radioelectric emissions and Van Allen belts.1X12 XK'H `L݀Program: ElektronElektron 1Elektron 2Elektron 3Elektron 4; X&1'3 &mElektron 1Gm5 :&r" Elektron 11 &'  Generalg mG#^@") Designation00746 / 64006A\aA#R6Launch date30 Jan 1964j˃M#j:"N , Country of originCIS?a]S#v~"H̀(d;pl?vMissionScientific: magnetophere and ionosphere study_˃A#R<"Perigee/Apogee404/6577 kmV]A#R*Inclination60.8UgA#R(Period162.6 mino"օM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1$g" ; օ517'!'4 5|Elektron 2G|5 :&r" Elektron 21 5'  Generalg |G#^@") Designation00748 / 64006B\pA#R6Launch date30 Jan 1964jڇM#j:"N , Country of originCIS{.pUM#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere studya ڇA#R@"Perigee/Apogee5082/63341 kmVU A#R*Inclination59.9VbA#R*Period1356.4 mino" щM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A15b'  End of lifeVщ\A#R*Decay22 Apr 1997&# ; \1'>'5 Elektron 3G5 :&r" Elektron 31 5'  Generalg G#^@") Designation00829 / 64038A\5A#R6Launch date10 Jul 1964jbM#j:"N , Country of originCIS?S#v~"H̀(d;pl?vMissionScientific: magnetophere and ionosphere study_bSA#R<"Perigee/Apogee405/6441 kmVA#R*Inclination60.8SSA#R$Period161 mino"kM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1$" ; kʎ1`!'6 ʎFElektron 4G5 :&r" Elektron 41 ʎB'  Generalg G#^@") Designation00830 / 64038B\BA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1964j{M#j:"N , Country of originCIS{.M#j\"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetophere study`{VA#R>"Perigee/Apogee447/66269 kmVA#R*Inclination60.8VVA#R*Period1313.8 mino"qM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1&# 5q'  End of lifeV"A#R*Decay10 Jul 1964$F" ?"17 *Program: FotonOF8 @0Iu " Program: FotonV1*% bAlso called PhotonScientific Russian program1[18 [:*:F Z3GܝeN L L Program: FotonFoton 01 was Cosmos 1645Foton 02 was Cosmos 1744Foton 03 was Cosmos 1841Foton 08 was in Oct 1992Foton 09Foton 10Foton 119[s1'9 s'Foton 09I:8 @$Iu " Foton 091 s'  Generalg TG#^@") Designation23122 / 94033Ah'A#RNLaunch date14 Jun 1994 at 16:00 UTjT&M#j:"N , Country of originCIS_G#^0"H̀MissionScientific^&A#R:"Perigee/Apogee229/385 kmV9A#R*Inclination62.8TA#R&Period90.4 mini9M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYOA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk[A#R4"Mass at launch8200 kgOw% QThe spacecraft, with a research payload of 700 kg, is expected to orbit for 18 days, conducting microgravity experiments in solid state and biological disciplines. 5'  End of lifeWwA#R,Landing2 Jul 1994$'" 9`1< 'p(: `0Foton 10I'8 @$Iu " Foton 101 `'  Generalg AG#^@") Designation23497 / 95006Ah'A#RNLaunch date16 Feb 1995 at 17:40 UTjAM#j:"N , Country of originCISu.G#^\"H̀MissionScientific: microgravity studies^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee228/391 kmV<A#R*Inclination62.8RA#R"Period94 mini<M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz^UA#R:Launch sitePlesetsk LC43}<A#Rx"Mass at launch6300 kg (retrievable experiment: 2250 kg) U' The m'ission carried "KASHTAN", "ZONA", "SPLAV", "Biobox 2", "IBIS" instruments for zero-gravity material, and biotechnological experiments.Biobox 2 is an incubator with experiments on cells responsible for bone mineralization and on small living organism. These experiments will contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of bone mass loss experienced by astronauts in space and will help identify and quantify the influence of absence of gravity on living systems.5'  End of lifeWtA#R,Landing3 Mar 19952% 3The descent cabin was severly damaged when it was dropped by the helicopter carrying it back for deintegration. Thus many experiments were destroyed.8tj' "(OTechnical data20$ EThe Foton recoverable materials processing satellite, built by the Central Specialized Design Bureau in Samara, is based on the Vostok/Zenit spy satellite bus.9ji1c'; i Foton 11I08 @$Iu " Foton 111 i'  Generalg JG#^@") Designation25006 / 97060Ag&A#RLLaunch date9 Oct 1997 at 18:00 UTjJM#j:"N , Country of originCISu.G#^\"H̀MissionScientific: microgravity studies`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee218 / 371 kmVFA#R*Inclination62.8L A#RPeriodaFG#^4" &Launch vehicleSoyuzYLA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk[A#R4"Mass at launch7000 kgc>L % |Has 3 packages on board: for ESA (biobox), CNES and DARA.5? '  End of life[  A#RLanding23 Oct 1997 (Foton and Mirka were separated before reentry, both landed safely)&?  # 8 9 ' "(OTechnical data{  0 .L The Mirka capsule built by Kayser-Threde and Jena-Optronik GmbH is a 154 kg 1m diameter sphere which contains a 40 kg payload. Onboard will be the following experiments:Heatin (Heatshield Instrumentation)Raflex (Rarefied Flow Experiment)Pyrex (Pyrometer Experiment)Mirka's re-entry capabilities were tested.IBIS 2, 75 kg (replacement for the IBIS payload on Foton 10)69  1.7<  X @Gamma> X 2 4"  Gamma1   '  Generalg X  G#^@") Designation20683 / 90058A\ L A#R6Launch date11 Jul 1990j  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/L 2M#j^"H̀_BMissionScientific: gamma-ray astronomy^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee382/387 kmV2A#R*Inclination51.6T:A#R&Period92.3 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY: @A#R0Launch siteTyuratam @ &2@# 5 @g@'  End of lifeV2@@A#R*Decay28 Feb 1992$g@@" @@!A1Ѓ1= !AmAZFProgram: Geo-IKL@mA5 :0w/U" Program: Geo-IK\*!AB2 2UCV$㼨ԟRussian geodesy program. It is probably military aimed, to provide precise localisation of military targets for ICBM/IRBM attacks.The satellites of this series are based on the Musson bus (see Parus for details). The satellites are all named in the Cosmos program both the most recent one.8mAC' "(OTechnical data8B9C' " SpecificationsVCCA#R*&Prime contractorX9CCA#R.PlatformMusson busTC;DA#R&"Mass at launchSCDA#R$ Mass in orbitO;DDA#RDimensionQD.EA#R Solar arrayc"DEA#RD StabilizationGravity gradientN .EEA#RDC powerUE4FA#R($Design lifetime&EZF# 14FF19> FGZFGA P!&-lProgram: Geo-IKCosmos (1242): FailureCosmos 1312Cosmos 1410Cosmos 1510Cosmos 1589Cosmos 1660Cosmos 1732Cosmos 1803Cosmos 1823Cosmos 1950Cosmos 2037Cosmos 2088Cosmos 2226Geo-IK 19FG1_? GH?LGeo-IK 1EGH5 :"w/U" Geo-IK 11 GBH'  Generalg HHG#^@") Designation23411 / 94078Ah'BHIA#RNLaunch date24 Nov 1994 at 02:54 UTjH{IM#j:"N , Country of originCIS6IJS#vl"H̀(CV$!&MissionScientific: geodetic survey (Geo-IK)`{IdJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee1480/1526 kmVJJA#R*Inclination73.6SdJ KA#R$Period116 minr%JKM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #112 K?L% 7It also carried an experimental Elekon positioning equipment to monitor movements of land and sea transportations, to optimize and increase efficiency.@KL1@ LLjProgram: GonetsL?LL5 :0wP8W" Program: GonetsDLO2 2%SRussian LEO telecommunication system, designed from the reconvertion of military technology. The system should be composed of 36 satellites on 6 orbital planes. The project was launched in 1992. The satellites are probably less than 300 kg.The system should use the GPS and GLONASS positioning systems for geolocation services. Gonets will operate in the 300-400 MHz range VHF/UHF band and the 1.5/1.6 GHz band. Uplinks will be from 312-315 MHz and 1624.5-1643.4 MHz, and downlinks from 387-390 MHz and 1541.0-1541.9 MHz.vLO* $<The system is derived from the Strela-3 military series. The Gonets-D crafts were most probably test satellites.<O ' *O External resourcesO ?L^7Oj' nhttp://www.wp.com/mcintosh_page_o_stuff/gonets.html1 1UA  =j؀) "(!ְProgram: Gonets2  '  Gonets D#؀#ڀF6:>BCosmos 2199Cosmos 22013 '  Gonets D1[#""I, J,>K,\L,zM,N,Gonets D1-1Gonets D1-2Gonets D1-3Gonets D1-4Gonets D1-5Gonets D1-6$ " < I1)B IGonets D1-1H 5 :(wP8W" Gonets D1-11 Iƒ'  Generalg )G#^@") Designation23787 / 96009A\ƒA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1996j)M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7yS#vn"H̀(㓉!ְMissionMilitary: telecommunications (Gonets)\ՅA#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUy*A#R(Inclination~82L ՅvA#RPeriodr%*M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #115&v# < J1))C JGonets D1-2H5 :(wP8W" Gonets D1-21 JÇ'  Generalg *G#^@") Designation23788 / 96009B\ÇA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1996j*M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7zS#vn"H̀(㓉!ְMissionMilitary: telecommunications (Gonets)\։A#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmUz+A#R(Inclination~82L ։wA#RPeriodr%+M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #115&w# < K1))D KGonets D1-3H5 :(wP8W" Gonets D1-31 Kċ'  Generalg +G#^@") Designation23789 / 96009C\ċA#R6Launch date19 Feb 1996j+M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7{S#vn"H̀(㓉!ְMissionMilitary: telecommunications (Gonets)\׍A#R6"Perigee/Apogee~1400 kmU{,A#R(Inclination~82L ׍xA#RPeriodr%,M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #115$x" < J1)׀)E J Gonets D1-4H5 :(wP8W" Gonets D1-41 JÏ'  Generalg 6G#^@")Ï6 Designation24728 / 97006D\ÏA#R6Launch date14 Feb 1997j6M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7S#vn"H̀(㓉!ְMissionMilitary: telecommunications (Gonets)[A#R4"Perigee/Apogee1410 kmV7A#R*Inclination82.6SA#R$Period114 minr%7M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #116$ " < \1))F \&Gonets D1-5H 5 :(wP8W" Gonets D1-51 \'  Generalg <G#^@") Designation24729 / 97006E\A#R6Launch date14 Feb 1997j<M#j:"N , Country of originCIS7S#vn"H̀(㓉!ְMissionMilitary: telecommunications (Gonets)[A#R4"Perigee/Apogee1410 kmV=A#R*Inclination82.6SA#R$Period114 minr%=M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #116$&" < b1׀)G b,Gonets D1-6H&5 :(wP8W" Gonets D1-61 b'  Generalg BG#^@") Designation24730 / 97006F\A#R6Launch date14 Feb 1997jBM#j:"N , Country of originCIS7S#vn"H̀(㓉!ְMissionMilitary: telecommunications (Gonets)[A#R4"Perigee/Apogee1410 kmVCA#R*Inclination82.6SA#R$Period114 minr%CM#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #116$," 7c1vH ciGranat? ,2 4"  Granat1 c'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation20352 / 89096A[A#R4Launch date1 Dec 1989j:M#j:"N , Country of originCISr%qM#jJ"H̀_BMissionScientific: astronomyc"A#RD"Perigee/Apogee57435/146072 kmVq*A#R*Inclination86.7VA#R*Period5897.8 min\*G#^*" &Launch vehicleY5A#R0Launch siteTyuratam_;$ vAstronomy satellite carrying the French Sigma telescope<5' *O External resources_i. ,hi,ttp://hea.iki.rssi.ru/GRANAT/granat.htmlhttp://kisa.iki.rssi.ru/GRANAT/sigma/sigma.html; 1eI P@InformatorCi2 4$"  Informator_6F) "l䵟Also called AO-21 or RS-14 or Rudak 2 or Oscar 211 w'  Generalg FG#^@") Designation21087 / 91006A\w:A#R6Launch date29 Jan 1991jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo":M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications_rA#R<"Perigee/Apogee955/1005 kmVA#R*Inclination82.9UrA#R(Period104.7 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5='  End of lifed#A#RF"Out of servicemid-October 1994&=# 8' "(OTechnical data982 2Analog transponders and a digital signal processing (DSP) experiment. The DSP experiment being a bit of a chameleon, can serve many different functions, one of them being an FM repeater, another being a mailbox experiment like the Pacsat's.Transponder 1:d#A#RF0Mode B up435.102 - 435.022 MHzf%8A#RJ0Mode B down145.852 - 145.932 MHzu4wA#Rh0Beacons145.822 MHz CW, 145.952 MHz 1100 bps PSK>* $(Transponder 2:d#w A#RF0Mode B up435.123 - 435.043 MHzf% A#RJ0Mode B down145.866 - 145.946 MHzu4  A#Rh0Beacons145.948 MHz CW, 145.838 MHz 1100 bps PSKB 6 * $0RUDAK Transponder:I  A#RUplink 1435.016 MHz 1200 bps Manchester FSK + FM repeater input frq.g&6 ' A#RLUplink 2435.155 MHz 2400 bps BPSKl+  A#RVUplink 3A435.193 MHz 4800 bps RSM NRZIl+'  A#RVUplink 3B435.193 MHz 9600 bps RSM NRZIx7 w A#RnUplink 4435.041 MHz Digital Signal Processor input&  # Yw  A#R0Downlink145.987 MHzu( k M#jP(UO뉂Mode 1Pacsat / FO-20 compatibleq*  G#^Tn쉂Mode 2AO-13 400 bps BPSK compatiblel%k HG#^Jn쉂Mode 3AO-13 RUDAK I compatibleT A#R&Mode 44800 bpsTHA#R&Mode 59600 bpsN >A#RMode 6CWq0A#R`Mode 7FSK (F1 or F2B) RTTY, FAX, SSTV, etc.q0>,@A#R`Mode 8FM usin,@ig D/A converter and DSP output$P@" E,@@1J @@tBProgram: IntercosmosUP@@8 @<Ƨ" Program: Intercosmose@tB% Cooperation program created in 1967 between countries of the former East block. It was controlled by the Soviets and worked without money exchange, each state payed for the research in his own country and USSR launched the rockets (Intercosmos). The mission of the program was scientific research.That program enabled cosmonauts of member states to fly.1@B1K B3CMtB3CA R"㹧Ԁ=ԉbԉProgram: IntercosmosIntercosmos 01Intercosmos 18Intercosmos 22?BrC1$*L rCCBHIntercosmos 01O3CC8 @0Ƨ" Intercosmos 011 rCC'  Generalg CYDG#^@") Designation04128 / 69088A\CDA#R6Launch date14 Oct 1969jYDEM#j:"N , Country of originCIS~1DEM#jb"H߲̀-MissionScientific: high atmosphere study^EEA#R:"Perigee/Apogee264/617 kmVEQFA#R*Inclination48.3TEFA#R&Period93.4 minlQFGM#j>" &r,梉Launch vehicleCosmos B]FnGA#R8Launch siteKapustin Yar&GG# 5nGG'  End of lifeUGHA#R(Decay2 Jan 1970$GBH" ?HH1ҁ**M HHaMIntercosmos 18OBHH8 @0Ƨ" Intercosmos 181 HI'  Generalg HhIG#^@") Designation11082 / 78099A\IIA#R6Launch date24 Oct 1978jhI.JM#j:"N , Country of originCIS@IJS#v"H̀(?vd;plMissionScientific: ionosphere and magnetosphere study^.JKA#R:"Perigee/Apogee403/757 kmTJsKA#R&Inclination83TKKA#R&Period96.3 minlsK3LM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYKLA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&3LL# 5LL'  End of lifeVL=MA#R*Decay17 Mar 1981$LaM" ?=MM1?$*N MMIntercosmos 22OaMM8 @0Ƨ" Intercosmos 22K(M:N# PAlso called Intercosmos Bulgaria 13001 MkN'  Generalg :NNG#^@") Designation12645 / 81075A[kN-OA#R4Launch date7 Aug 1981o"NOM#jD"N ,Q_tCountry of originBulgaria_-O G#^0"H̀MissionScientificO aM^OjA#R:"Perigee/Apogee788/882 kmV A#R*Inclination81.2UjA#R(Period101.6 mino"M#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1ZށA#R2"Mass at launch350 kg$" > ށ@1!"O @CProgram: LuchJ5 :,NG" Program: Luch@C. *CGMeans "beam"; also called Al'tair or SDRNRussian program for LEO communications relay (e.g. Mir). This program is also known as SDRN (Satellite Data Relay Network). The first generation satellites of this program were based on the Al'tair platform. The second generation's performance is said to increase the capacity of the channels by nearly 3 and its lifetime would be twice as long.1t1P tOCO nᇏw!w+fxvEomEoProgram: LuchCosmos 1700Cosmos 1897Cosmos 2054Luch 0Luch 11tC1UQ C#G;~# 0Luch's specifications[CمA#R4&Prime contractorNPOPMU~.A#R(PlatformAl'tair[مA#R4"Mass at launch2000 kg^.A#R:Dimension8.5 x 11 x 16 mm,TA#RX Stabilization3 axis, 0.5 GEO precisionTA#R&DC power1800 W\TA#R6$Design lifetime5 years@D' 2 UHF-band (0.9/0.7 GHz)XA#R.(Main transponders1YDA#R0Coverage6 spotbeamRGA#R"EIRP40.7 dBW8' " Ku-band - dataXG׉A#R.(Main transponders1O&A#RPower30 WU׉{A#R(Bandwidth50 MHz[&֊A#R4Coverage0.5 spotbeamR{(A#R"EIRP55.2 dBWo.֊A#R\Uplink15.130-15.180 GHz LHCP (16/64 kbps)u4( A#RhDownlink13.511-13.545 GHz RHCP (16/64/256 kbps)1 ='  Ku-bandX A#R.(Main transponders1v5= A#RjCoverage1 spotbeam (1.6 m diam onboard antenna)R]A#R"EIRP42.3 dBWb! A#RBUplink14.591-14.625 GHz LHCPd#]#A#RFDownlink10.810-10.860 GHz RHCP$G" 1#x1WR x̎T+G̎) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&x# 7̎)1!+S )lXLuch 0Cl5 :NG" Luch 01 )'  Generalg lG#^@") Designation23426 / 94082A\lA#R6Launch date16 Dec 1994jM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"lEM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsb!A#RB,Geostationary orbitsee belowo"EM#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #230[qA#R4"Mass at launch2000 kg}S* $qTransmits data to and from Mir station. It is equipped with a Cospas payload.: q(- */ۀ Locationm#:   " BeginEndPosition#(?j#F$8:L: 16 Dec 1994Mar 199795Ej#*May 199716W&?# 8' "(Technical data<X) "&CGSpecifications711U+T Luch 1CX5 :NG" Luch 11 '  Generalg jG#^@") Designation23680 / 95054Ah'A#RNLaunch date11 Oct 1995 at 16:26 UTjj<M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationse<G#^<"/ۀ0Geostationary orbit77Eo"M#jD" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #236[A#R4"Mass at launch2400 kg3 4q󉂂CGEquipped with a Cospas payload?Its performance is said to increase the capacity of the channels by nearly 3 and its service lifetime would be twice as long compared to the Al'tair design.@1c)%)U bProgram: MeteorPb8 @2ȉ" Program: Meteor<$ mSoviet meteorology satellite program. Mission: met observation: clouds, ice cover and atmospheric radiation; high speed natural phenomena: cyclone, tidal action, dust storms, etc.9bu' $(OMeteor 1 series?<# 830/31 satellites launched9u' $(OMeteor 2 series<)# 221 satellites launched9b' $(OMeteor 3 series2)# 6 since 19851b1UV =) "(3xAProgram: Meteor79'   Meteor-CosmosO##(?ف("فDbCosmos 0122Cosmos 0144Cosmos 0156Cosmos 0184Cosmos 02069t#, $(Cosmos 0226&## 2 '  Meteor 1(#P(>k(">kDHLMeteor 1-01Meteor 1-02&# 2 '  Meteor 2(#P(Du k("s kDHLMeteor 2-01Meteor 2-21&# 2 #'  Meteor 37#n(٫ k("۫ k(Dܫ kfjMeteor 3-03Meteor 3-05Meteor 3-06$#" 1D1UW DC # @Meteor-Cosmos' specificationsVDA#R*0&Prime contractor[8A#R40"Mass at launch2000 kgTA#R&0Diameter1.5 m?P8A#R0Height5 m?_;A#R<0Solar array2 solar panelsZA#R20 Stabilization3 axis?$;" 11UX 7[?)# 8Meteor 1's specificationsVA#R*0&Prime contractor[)A#R40"Mass at launch2200 kgT.A#R&0Diameter1.5 m?P~A#R0Height5 m?_.A#R<0Solar array2 solar panelsZ~7A#R20 Stabilization3 axis?$[" 171UY   ?[# 8Meteor 2's specificationsj)5A#RR0&Prime contractorVNII ElektromekanikiZA#R20 Mass in orbit1500 kgQ5A#R 0Diameter2 mO/ A#R0Height5 ma  A#R@0Solar array2 panels of 10 mY/  A#R00 Stabilization3 axis$  " 1 > 1UZ >   8 v # *Meteor 2's payloadR+>  ' V Scanning Telephotometer (direct imaging)c"v + A#RD0Wavebands0.5-7.0 m (visible)~<  B#Tx0Resolutionglobal coverage: 2 kmregional coverage: 1 km@+  ' 2 Scanning IR Radiometer[ D A#R40Wavebands8-12 m (IR)e$  A#RH0Resolutionglobal coverage: 8 kmBD  ' 6 Scanning IR Spectrometerf% Q A#RJ0Wavelengths11, 10-18, 70 m (IR)U  A#R(0Resolution30 km$Q  " 1  1U[ e@@? :# 8Meteor 3's specificationsj) A#RR0&Prime contractorVNII ElektromekanikiZ:A#R20 Mass in orbit1500 kgQOA#R 0Diameter2 mOA#R0Height5 ma O @A#R@0Solar array2 panels of 10 m @ Ye@A#R00 Stabilization3 axis$ @@" 1e@@1\ @E8@@# *Meteor 3's payloadR+@DA' V Scanning Telephotometer (direct imaging)c"@AA#RD0Wavebands0.5-8.0 m (visible)XDAAA#R.0Swath width3100 km~<A}BB#Tx0Resolutionglobal coverage: 2 kmregional coverage: 1 km@AB' 2 Scanning IR Radiometer`}BCA#R>0Wavebands10.5-12.5 m (IR)XBuCA#R.0Swath width3100 kme$CCA#RH0Resolutionglobal coverage: 8 kmBuCD' 6 Scanning IR Spectrometerc"CDA#RD0Wavelengths9.65, 18.7 m (IR)WDDA#R,0Swath width400 kmUD+EA#R(0Resolution30 km^:DE$ tDownlink: 466.5 MHz (to control centers) & 137.850 MHz< +EE1c,] EFCJMeteor 1-01LEF8 @*ȉ" Meteor 1-011 EBF'  Generalg FFG#^@") Designation03835 / 69029A\BFGA#R6Launch date26 Mar 1969jFoGM#j:"N , Country of originCIShGGM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^oG5HA#R:"Perigee/Apogee548/575 kmVGHA#R*Inclination81.2T5HHA#R&Period95.9 mino"HNIM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1[HIA#R4"Mass at launch2200 kg&NII# 8IJ' "(Technical data<ICJ) "&YeSpecifications< JJ1,<,^ JJNMeteor 1-02LCJJ8 @*ȉ" Meteor 1-021 JJ'  Generalg JcKG#^@") Designation04119 / 69084A[JKA#R4Launch date6 Oct 1969jcK(LM#j:"N , Country of originCIShKLM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^(LLA#R:"Perigee/Apogee514/550 kmVLDMA#R*Inclination81.2TLMA#R&Period95.3 mino"DMNM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1&M-N# 8NeN' "(Technical data<-NN) "&YeSpecifications< eNN1,-_ N)OMeteor 2-01LN)O8 @*ȉ" Meteor 2-011 NZO'  Generalg )OOG#^@") Designation08026 / 75064A\ZO)A#R6O)NLaunch date11 Jul 1975jOM#j:"N , Country of originCISh)M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^YA#R:"Perigee/Apogee844/876 kmVA#R*Inclination81.3UYA#R(Period102.2 mino"sM#jD" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A1&# 8sт' "(Technical dataM0 0:{e59MӉSpecificationsPayload< тZ1<,i-` Z Meteor 2-21L8 @*ȉ" Meteor 2-211 Z׃'  Generalg >G#^@") Designation22782 / 93055Ah'׃A#RNLaunch date31 Aug 1993 at 04:40 UTj>M#j:"N , Country of originCIShxM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology^օA#R:"Perigee/Apogee934/966 kmVx,A#R*Inclination82.5UօA#R(Period104.1 minr%,M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #106&# 5N'  End of life_A#R<"Out of service24 Jun 1998f%NA#RJCausepossible modulation failureK ^A#RDecay&# 8^' "(Technical dataM 0 0:{e59MӉSpecificationsPayload< E1--a EpMeteor 3-03L 8 @*ȉ" Meteor 3-031 E‰'  Generalg )G#^@") Designation20305 / 89086A\‰A#R6Launch date24 Oct 1989j)M#j:"N , Country of originCIShWM#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1235/1248 kmVW A#R*Inclination82.6UbA#R(Period110.3 minq$ ӌM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #80&b# 5ӌ.'  End of lifeWA#R,"Out of serviceyes&.# 8' "(Technical data[p2 4,ߙ5SpecificationsPayloadAPT downlink frequency: 137.300 MHz (current status unknown)< 1i--b Meteor 3-05Lp8 @*ȉ" Meteor 3-051 )'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21655 / 91056A\) A#R6Launch date15 Aug 1991 pjvM#j:"N , Country of originCISh M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`v>A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1184/1203 kmWA#R,Inclination82.55U>A#R(Period109.3 minq$[M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #94yN+ & bUCarried the TOMS instrument which failed in 1994. Replaced Meteor 2-218[ ' "(OTechnical dataD!P# BTransmits on 137.850 MHz (APT). ~'  TOMS{:PA#RtWavebands312.5; 317.5; 331.3; 339.8; 360.0; 380.0 nm.[~TA#R4Resolution63 x 63 kmXA#R.Swath width2900 km&T# < 1-c Z@Meteor 3-06LZ8 @*ȉ" Meteor 3-061 '  Generalg ZG#^@") Designation22969 / 94003A\NA#R6Launch date25 Jan 1994jM#j:"N , Country of originCIShN M#j6"H̀l/MissionMeteorology`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1184/1209 kmW A#R,Inclination82.55V-A#R*Period109.36 minr%M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #107-' On board was a German PRARE navigational system to measure parameters of spacecraft motion.The French Scarab payload for radiation budget failed in April 1995. The data collected provided a radiation budget similar to NASA's ERBE program. 8' "(Technical dataM@0 0:,ߙ5SpecificationsPayloadA1 //d Program: MolniyaQ@8 @4z" Program: Molniyavp( Means "flash of lightning" in RussianSoviet telecomunication program. Satellites are placed on very excentric orbits (460/40000 km, inclination: 63, satellites in 8 planes separated by 45) with a 12 hours period. Such satellites remain almost 8 hours above the CIS, slowly drifting high in the sky. Molniya satellites are used by the Orbita network equipped with 12 m antennas. Mars transportable stations could also use the network with 7 m antennas. Mission: provide long distance reliable telephone and TV links. Molniya-1 are used for government and military communications whereas Molniya-3 are used for TV programs.G. *3o7U=As the first Molniya-2 satellites were launched the system became available for Intersputnik. The first satellite operated at 1.0/0.8 GHz. C-band (6/4 GHz) was introduced from Molniya 1-07 on. Satellites also use L-band.In the future, the system could be replaced by Mayak3 p' (OMolniya 18"' " Specificationsk*A#RT&Prime contractorNPO PM (design OKB-1)U" A#R(PlatformMolniya @T`A#R&"Mass at launchZ A#R2 Mass in orbit1600 kgO` A#RDimensionW`A#R,Solar array1500 Wb! A#RB Stabilizationspin stabilizedY`A#R0DC powerBOL: 1000 W\wA#R6$Design lifetime2 years&# 0 w'  X-band]*A#R8(Main transponders1 to 3YA#R0,Backup transpondersV*A#R*Power40 W (TWTA)O(A#RBandwidthN vA#RCoverageJ (A#REIRPRvA#R"Polarization&8# <t' *O External resourcesf?8' ~http://www.ninfinger.org/~sven/models/sovietsp/molniya.html1t 1Ue l  >I) "*jQvProgram: MolniyaH !#(VIW($HW(HHW(lHWMolniya 1-01Molniya 1-71Molniya 1-72Molniya 1-74HI#(IW($IW(HIW(lIWMolniya 1-85Molniya 1-86Molniya 1-87Molniya 1-88(!x#P(IW($4IWHLMolniya 1-89Molniya 1-90l  c#  l#0(X$(,Molniya 2-01l   c# H  #(|Y($RY(HSY(lTYMolniya 3-01Molniya 3-34Molniya 3-35Molniya 3-36H  #(UY(${Y(H}Y(l~YMolniya 3-37Molniya 3-42Molniya 3-44Molniya 3-45H } #(Y($〵Y(HふY(lサYMolniya 3-46Molniya 3-47Molniya 3-48Molniya 3-49l  c# } l l#.(㘜7"&*Molniya 1-S$  " = l  1.f FMolniya 1-01M 8 @,z" Molniya 1-011 K'  Generalg G#^@") Designation01324 / 65030A\KA#R6Launch date23 Apr 1965jxM#j:"N , Country of originCISo" @M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsx @ `xl@A#R>"Perigee/Apogee538/39300 kmV @@A#R*Inclination65.5Ul@AA#R(Period707.3 mink@AM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaYAAA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&AB# 5A6B'  End of lifek*BBA#RT"Out of service7.5 months after launchV6BBA#R*Decay16 Aug 1979&BC# 8BUC' "(OTechnical dataY2CC' d Transmission (upload: 0.8 GHz, download: 1 GHz)XUCDA#R.(Main transponders3YC_DA#R0,Backup transpondersODDA#RPower40 Wa _DEA#R@Bandwidth240 phone circuitsN D]EA#RCoverageJ EEA#REIRPR]EEA#R"Polarization$EF" = EZF1v..g ZFF JMolniya 1-71MFF8 @,z" Molniya 1-711 ZFF'  Generalg F?GG#^@") Designation18946 / 88017A\FGA#R6Launch date11 Mar 1988j?GHM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"GtHM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`HHA#R>"Perigee/Apogee491/38976 kmVtH*IA#R*Inclination62.5SH}IA#R$Period699 mink*IIM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$}I J" = IIJ1..h IJJMMolniya 1-72M JJ8 @,z" Molniya 1-721 IJJ'  Generalg J.KG#^@") Designation18980 / 88022A\JKA#R6Launch date17 Mar 1988j.KKM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"KcLM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`KLA#R>"Perigee/Apogee655/40584 kmVcLMA#R*Inclination62.9SLlMA#R$Period735 minkMMM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$lMM" = M8N1./i 8NNMolniya 1-74MMN8 @,z" Molniya 1-741 8NN'  Generalg NOG#^@") Designation19730 / 88115A\NyOA#R6Launch date28 Dec 1988jO M#j:"N , Country of originCISyO Mo"yO{M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications` ۀA#R>"Perigee/Apogee654/38870 kmV{1A#R*Inclination62.8SۀA#R$Period700 mink1M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$" = P1./j PMolniya 1-85M8 @,z" Molniya 1-851 P΂'  Generalg 5G#^@") Designation22309 / 93002A\΂A#R6Launch date12 Jan 1993j5M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"jM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ʄA#R>"Perigee/Apogee528/39822 kmVj A#R*Inclination63.4UʄuA#R(Period717.7 mink M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$u" = A1//k AMolniya 1-86M8 @,z" Molniya 1-861 A'  Generalg &G#^@") Designation22671 / 93035A\A#R6Launch date26 May 1993j&M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"[M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee681/39672 kmV[A#R*Inclination62.9UfA#R(Period717.8 minkщM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$f" = щ21//l 2Molniya 1-87M8 @,z" Molniya 1-871 2'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22949 / 93079A\sA#R6Launch date22 Dec 1993j݋M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"sLM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`݋A#R>"Perigee/Apogee446/39206 kmVLA#R*Inclination62.8SUA#R$Period703 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya3U$ Molniya 1-T= 01/s/m 0}Molniya 1-88M}8 @,z" Molniya 1-881 0'  Generalg }G#^@") Designation23420 / 94081A\qA#R6Launch date14 Dec 1994jۏM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"qVM#jDۏV"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ۏA#R>"Perigee/Apogee516/39833 kmVV A#R*Inclination62.8S_A#R$Period718 mink M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya3_$ Molniya 1-T= :1/ҁ/n :OMolniya 1-89M8 @,z" Molniya 1-891 :'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24274 / 96045Ah'A#RNLaunch date14 Aug 1996 at 22:21 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"`M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee516/39833 kmV`A#R*Inclination62.8TjA#R&Period12 hourskM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyazTjO& Molniya 1-T seriesThis is said to be the 200th MolniyaMass at launch: 1600 kg?= 1s//o aMolniya 1-90MO8 @,z" Molniya 1-901  '  Generalg qG#^@") Designation24960 / 97054Ah' A#RNLaunch date24 Sep 1997 at 21:32 UTjqCM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`CA#R>"Perigee/Apogee506/39920 kmVhA#R*Inclination62.8TA#R&Period12 hourskh'M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya:a$ ,Molniya 1-T series= '1Eҁ//p Molniya 2-01Ma8 @,z" Molniya 2-011 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation05620 / 71100A\A#R6Launch date25 Nov 1971jIM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`IA#R>"Perigee/Apogee516/39553 kmTlA#R&Inclination65SA#R$Period712 minkl*M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya&P# 5*'  End of lifeVPA#R*Decay10 May 1976$" = <1/0q <Molniya 3-01M8 @,z" Molniya 3-011 <'  Generalg -G#^@") -Designation07540 / 74092A\A#R6Launch date21 Nov 1974j-M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"bM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee250/40095 kmVbA#R*Inclination64.1UmA#R(Period717.6 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya[m3A#R4"Mass at launch1600 kg&Y# 53'  End of lifeVYA#R*Decay15 May 1986$" = E1/0r EMolniya 3-34M8 @,z" Molniya 3-341 E'  Generalg *G#^@") Designation19713 / 88112A\A#R6Launch date22 Dec 1988j*M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"_M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee899/39481 kmV_A#R*Inclination63.9UjA#R(Period718.3 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$j" = 6100s 6 Molniya 3-35M8 @,z" Molniya 3-351 6'  Generalg  G#^@") Designation20052 / 89043A[v A#R4Launch date8 Jun 1989j  M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"v O M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunicationsa  A#R@"Perigee/Apogee1436/38918 kmVO  A#R*Inclination64.8U [ A#R(Period717.8 mink  M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$[  " = ' 100t ' t  @Molniya 3-36M t 8 @,z" Molniya 3-361 '  '  Generalg t  G#^@") Designation20338 / 89094A\ h A#R6Launch date28 Nov 1989j  M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"h AM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications` A#R>"Perigee/Apogee698/39655 kmVAA#R*Inclination64.8ULA#R(Period717.8 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$L @"  @ = I@100u I@@CMolniya 3-37M @@8 @,z" Molniya 3-371 I@@'  Generalg @.AG#^@") Designation20444 / 90006A\@AA#R6Launch date23 Jan 1990j.AAM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"AcBM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ABA#R>"Perigee/Apogee982/39367 kmVcBCA#R*Inclination64.9UBnCA#R(Period717.7 minkCCM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$nCC" = C:D100v :DDGMolniya 3-42MCD8 @,z" Molniya 3-421 :DD'  Generalg DEG#^@") Designation22178 / 92067A\D{EA#R6Launch date14 Oct 1992jEEM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"{ETFM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`EFA#R>"Perigee/Apogee466/39103 kmVTF GA#R*Inclination62.9SF]GA#R$Period701 mink GGM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$]GG" = G)H100w )HvHKMolniya 3-44MGvH8 @,z" Molniya 3-441 )HH'  Generalg vHIG#^@") Designation22633 / 93025Ah'HvIA#RNLaunch date21 Apr 1993 at 00:30 UTjIIM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"vIOJM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`IJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee744/39603 kmVOJKA#R*Inclination62.9UJZKA#R(Period717.7 minkKKM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$ZKK" = K&L101x &LsL Molniya 3-45MKsL8 @,z" Molniya 3-451 &LL'  Generalg sL MG#^@") Designation22729 / 93049Ag&LrMA#RLLaunch date4 Aug 1993 at 00:52 UTj MMM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"rMKNM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`MNA#R>"Perigee/Apogee511/39841 kmVKNOA#R*Inclination62.8UNVOA#R(Period717.7 minkOOM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$VO " O K= OI10 1y IMolniya 3-46M 8 @,z" Molniya 3-461 Iǀ'  Generalg .G#^@") Designation23211 / 94051Ah'ǀA#RNLaunch date23 Aug 1994 at 14:31 UTj.M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"oM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ςA#R>"Perigee/Apogee622/39726 kmTo#A#R&Inclination63SςvA#R$Period618 mink#M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$v" = B111z BMolniya 3-47M8 @,z" Molniya 3-471 B'  Generalg 'G#^@") Designation23642 / 95042Ag&A#RLLaunch date9 Aug 1995 at 01:21 UTj'M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"gM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`džA#R>"Perigee/Apogee472/40851 kmVgA#R*Inclination62.3L džiA#RPeriodkԇM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$i" = ԇ51 11{ 5Molniya 3-48M8 @,z" Molniya 3-481 5'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24640 / 96060Ah'A#RNLaunch date24 Oct 1996 at 11:37 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"[M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`A#R>"Perigee/Apogee611/39768 kmV[A#R*Inclination62.8UfA#R(Period718.2 minkыM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$f" = ы2111| 2 Molniya 3-49M8 @,z" Molniya 3-491 2'  Generalh!G#^B") Designation25379 / 98040A [sA#R4Launch date1 Jul 1998jݍM#j:"N , Country of originCISo"sLM#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`ݍA#R>"Perigee/Apogee462/39889 kmVLA#R*Inclination62.8UWA#R(Period717.7 minp#ǏM#jF" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya #307$W " Ǐ < ǏH11} HMolniya 1-SL 8 @*z" Molniya 1-S1 H'  Generalg ,G#^@") Designation07392 / 74060A\A#R6Launch date29 Jul 1974j,M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"aM#jD"H̀‰MissionTelecommunicationsYA#R0,Geostationary orbitn!a(M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #49&N# 5('  End of lifeWNA#R,"Out of serviceyes$" B@156~ @Program: NadezhdaR8 @6T" Program: Nadezhdat,@H ^Y q󉂂2xq 剂Nadezhda means 'hope'Russian navigation program using the Tsikada platform. The satellites of this program carry a Cospas receiver.The Nadezhda M generation (started with Cosmos 2315) carries hardware that can either provide Cospas or Kurs services.Designed by AO Polyot and NPO PM171 7KH `.<:R򲟀S򲟉T򲟉U򲟉Program: NadezhdaNadezhda 1Nadezhda 2Nadezhda 3Nadezhda 4; 711 PNadezhda 1KP8 @(T" Nadezhda 11 '  Generalg PG#^@") Designation20103 / 89050A[CA#R4Launch date4 Jul 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISgCM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_sA#R<"Perigee/Apogee954/1011 kmTA#R&Inclination83UsA#R(Period104.8 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk$" ; @11}2 @\Nadezhda 2K8 @(T" Nadezhda 21 @'  Generalg #G#^@") Designation20508 / 90017A\A#R6Launch date27 Feb 1990j#M#j:"N , Country of originCISgPM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee950/1018 kmTPA#R&Inclination83UXA#R(Period104.8 minlM#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYXA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&C# 5x'  End of lifeTCA#R&"Out of serviceQx)A#R )CausefailedK tA#RDecay()$ 8t' "(OTechnical data^\* $qUsed to transmit on 150 & 400 MHz (replaced by Nadezhda 4)Also carried a Sarsat payload.; 1v12 'Nadezhda 3K\8 @(T" Nadezhda 31 '  Generalg zG#^@") Designation21152 / 91019A\A#R6Launch date12 Mar 1991jz@M#j:"N , Country of originCISgM#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_@A#R<"Perigee/Apogee952/1015 kmV\A#R*Inclination82.9UA#R(Period104.8 minl\M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYvA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 8v' "(OTechnical dataS/'$ ^Downlink frequencies: 150 & 400 MHzPlane 12; b1}2 b Nadezhda 4K'8 @(T" Nadezhda 41 b'  Generalg EG#^@") Designation23179 / 94041Ah'A#RNLaunch date14 Jul 1994 at 06:13 UTjEM#j:"N , Country of originCISg~M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_A#R<"Perigee/Apogee951/1007 kmV~3 A#R*Inclination82.9U A#R(Period104.7 minl3  M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CY M A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk& s # 8M  ' "(OTechnical dataS/s  $ ^Downlink frequencies: 150 & 400 MHzPlane 14? = 1{CFD =  p Program: OceanO  8 @0" Program: Ocean= p & }Russian remote sensing program devoted to oceanographic applications. Mission: all-weather ice and sea monitoring, including ice floe/ice pack movements. Flood and pollution monitoring.1  1U  @0@<p  ) "&뉢Program: Ocean1  '  Ocean-E!  t#B6:>Cosmos 1076Cosmos 11512   '  Ocean-OE! jt#B6:>Cosmos 1500Cosmos 16022 '  Ocean-O1<j^#܀x6󓋉L󓋉b󓋉Cosmos 1766Cosmos 1869Ocean 1Ocean 2Ocean 3 @#ր:"󓋀>w|,26Ocean 4Sich 1^ @p $^0@" 1 @a@1 a@ C?0@@# 8Ocean-O1's specificationsb!a@AA#RB0Platformbuilt by NPO Yuzhnoe[@]AA#R40"Mass at launch1400 kgSAAA#R$0Diameter1.4 mO]AAA#R0Height3 mWAVBA#R,0 Radar antenna12 mYABA#R00 Stabilization3 axis\8VB C$ pTransmissions: APT-like at 137.4 MHz & FM at 465 MHz1BJ5NOcean 1HI>J8 @"" Ocean 11 IoJ'  Generalg >JJG#^@") Designation19274 / 88056A[oJ1KA#R4Launch date5 Jul 1988jJKM#j:"N , Country of originCISv)1KLM#jR"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (Ocean-O1)^KoLA#R:"Perigee/Apogee606/633 kmVLLA#R*Inclination82.5ToLMA#R&Period97.1 minq$LMM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #70&MM# 8MM' "(Technical dataMM5N0 0:*; YjSpecificationsPayload8MmN1B23 mNNOcean 2H5NN8 @"" Ocean 21 mNN'  Generalg NMOG#^@") Designation20510 / 90018A\NOA#R6Launch date28 Feb 1990jMOM#j:"N , Country O5Nof originCISv)OM#jR"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (Ocean-O1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee618/645 kmVIA#R*Inclination82.5TA#R&Period97.3 minq$IM#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #83&4# 8l' "(Technical dataM40 0:*; YjSpecificationsPayload8l1I 23 9QOcean 3H98 @"" Ocean 31 j'  Generalg 9уG#^@") Designation21397 / 91039A[j,A#R4Launch date4 Jun 1991jуM#j:"N , Country of originCISv), M#jR"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (Ocean-O1)^jA#R:"Perigee/Apogee620/655 kmV A#R*Inclination82.5TjA#R&Period97.5 minq$M#jH" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #92&# 8' "(Technical datan<Q2 4x*; YjSpecificationsPayloadDownlink frequency: 137.4 MHz813 чEOcean 4HQч8 @"" Ocean 41 '  Generalg чiG#^@") Designation23317 / 94066Ah'шA#RNLaunch date11 Oct 1994 at 13:30 UT~1iOM#jb"N , Country of originCIS (Russian/Ukrainian)v)шʼnM#jR"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (Ocean-O1)^O#A#R:"Perigee/Apogee631/665 kmVʼnyA#R*Inclination88.5T#͊A#R&Period97.7 minr%y?M#jJ" &ቂLaunch vehicleCyclone 3 #111[͊A#R4"Mass at launch1950 kg&?# 8' "(Technical dataME0 0:*; YjSpecificationsPayloadA1wۄw ӌeProgram: PrognozMEӌ5 :2ގ" Program: Prognozoe# Russian scientific program. Designed to study the Sun's activity and its influence on Earth's magnetosphere.1ӌ1d Ɏ3eɎ Ѐel?|s}s~ssssssssssProgram: PrognozPrognoz 01Prognoz 02Prognoz 03Prognoz 04Prognoz 05Prognoz 06Prognoz 07Prognoz 08Prognoz 09Prognoz 10Prognoz 11Prognoz 12; 1 3 KCPrognoz 01GɎK5 :&ގ" Prognoz 011 |'  Generalg K G#^@") Designation05941 / 72029A| Ɏ\|hA#R6Launch date14 Apr 1972j M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/hNM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studyb!A#RB"Perigee/Apogee1005/199667 kmTNA#R&Inclination65VZA#R*Period5782.1 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaZZA#R2"Mass at launch845 kg$C" ; ~1 33 ~Prognoz 02GC5 :&ގ" Prognoz 021 ~'  Generalg ]G#^@") Designation06068 / 72046A\A#R6Launch date29 Jun 1972j]#M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya #A#R@"Perigee/Apogee517/201804 kmVVA#R*Inclination65.3VA#R*Period5849.2 minkVM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaZqA#R2"Mass at launch845 kg}Y$ Carries two French experiments (Calypso and Signe) to studies particles from the Sun.5q#'  End of lifeVyA#R*Decay15 Dec 1982$#" ; y133 Prognoz 03G5 :&ގ" Prognoz 031 P'  Generalg G#^@") Designation06364 / 73009A\PA#R6Launch date15 Feb 1973j}M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya }ZA#R@"Perigee/Apogee590/200000 kmTA#R&Inclination65TZA#R&Period5783 minkmM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniyaZA#R2"Mass at launch845 kg$m" ; &1334 &mPrognoz 04Gm5 :&ގ" Prognoz 041 &'  Generalg mG#^@") Designation08510 / 75122A\aA#R6Launch date22 Dec 1975jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/aGM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya A#R@"Perigee/Apogee634/199000 kmTG A#R&Inclination65 T`A#R&Period5740 mink M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$`" ; *13?4 *qPrognoz 05Gq5 :&ގ" Prognoz 051 *'  Generalg q G#^@") Designation09557 / 76112A\eA#R6Launch date25 Nov 1976j M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/eKM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya A#R@"Perigee/Apogee777/198560 kmVKA#R*Inclination65.2TVA#R&Period5728 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$V" ;  134I4 gPrognoz 06Gg5 :&ގ" Prognoz 061 '  Generalg gG#^@") Designation10370 / 77093A\[A#R6Launch date22 Sep 1977jM#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/[AM#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya A#R@"Perigee/Apogee488/197867 kmTAA#R&Inclination65TJA#R&Period5688 minkM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$J" ;  1X?4}4  [  Prognoz 07G[ 5 :&ގ" Prognoz 071   '  Generalg [  G#^@") Designation11088 / 78101A\ O A#R6Launch date30 Oct 1978j  M#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/O 5 M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya  A#R@"Perigee/Apogee472/202627 kmV5  A#R*Inclination64.9V B A#R*Period5881.1 mink  M#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya&B  # 5  '  End of lifeV ^ A#R*Decay22 Oct 1980$  " ; ^  1I4J4 APrognoz 08G 5 :&ގ" Prognoz 081 5'  Generalg G#^@") Designation12116 / 80103A\5A#R6Launch date25 Dec 1980jbM#j:"N , Country of originCIS|/M#j^"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere studya bK@A#R@K@ "Perigee/Apogee978/197364 kmV@A#R*Inclination65.8VK@@A#R*Period5687.8 mink@bAM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$@A" ; bAA1}4P4 AB|EPrognoz 09GAB5 :&ގ" Prognoz 091 A9B'  Generalg BBG#^@") Designation14163 / 83067A[9BBA#R4Launch date1 Jul 1983jBeCM#j:"N , Country of originCIS;BCS#vv"H̀(_BjMissionScientific: radio astronomy and Sun studyWeCJDA#R,"Perigee/Apogeen/aTCDA#R&Inclinationn/aOJDDA#RPeriodn/akDXEM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya$D|E" ; XEE1J4q4 EEIPrognoz 10G|EE5 :&ގ" Prognoz 101 E/F'  Generalg EFG#^@") Designation15661 / 85033A\/FFA#R6Launch date26 Apr 1985jF\GM#j:"N , Country of originCIS_FGG#^0"H̀MissionScientificb!\GHA#RB"Perigee/Apogee5975/194734 kmVGsHA#R*Inclination76.8VHHA#R*Period5783.7 minksH4IM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya5HiI'  End of life\4IIA#R6"Out of serviceJan 1986$iII" ; I$J1P45 $JkJ2Prognoz 11GIkJ5 :&ގ" Prognoz 11J'$JJ# NAlso called Interbol 1 or SO-M2 #5121 kJJ'  Generalg JMKG#^@") Designation23633 / 95039Ag&JKA#RLLaunch date2 Aug 1995 at 23:59 UTjMKLM#j:"N , Country of originCIS<KLM#jx"H̀d;plMissionScientific: magnetosphere study (Prognoz M2)a LMA#R@"Perigee/Apogee505/193064 kmVL^MA#R*Inclination63.8TMMA#R&Period5472 mink^MNM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya[MxNA#R4"Mass at launch1200 kgN$O% This satellite is the Khvostovoy Zond ("Tail") satellite of Project Interbol, intended to investigate the Earth's geomagnetic tail.<xN`O' *O External resourcesP)$OO' Rhttp://www.iki.rssi.ru/interball.htmlF`O ' > On-board science instrumentsO Im=Oy0#0zSKA-1, PROMICS-3, VDP, AMEI-2, CORAL, ALPHA3 (plasma ions)P ɀ0#0@ELECTRON, (plasma electrons) h8y10#0pMONITOR-3 (solar wind ions with high time resolution)Z*ɀ0#0TIFPE (ion and electron flux variations)n>10#0|MIF-M, FGS-1, FM-31 (magnetometers); OPERA (electric field)[+T0#0VAKR-X (solar radio emission 0.1-1.5 MHz)S#0#0FRF-15-1 (solar X-rays 2-240 keV)e5T 0#0jSKA-2, DOK-2, SOSNA-2, RKA-2 (energetic particles)&2# ; m1q4 m Prognoz 12G25 :&ގ" Prognoz 12J'm# NAlso called Interbol 2 or SO-M2 #5131 /'  Generalg G#^@") Designation24291 / 96050Bh'/A#RNLaunch date29 Aug 1996 at 05:22 UTjhM#j:"N , Country of originCIS5M#jj"H̀?vMissionScientific: aurora study (Prognoz M2)`hJA#R>"Perigee/Apogee782/19140 kmVA#R*Inclination62.8L JA#RPeriodkWM#j<" &JCLaunch vehicleMolniya[A#R4"Mass at launch1250 kg&W؇# <' *O External resourcesU؇. ,http://www.kiam1.rssi.ru/Contents.html#BChttp://www.iki.rssi.ru/interball.html8ψ' "(OTechnical data< # 2built by NPO Lavochkin@ψK1xx K,Program: ProtonL 5 :0+" Program: ProtonpK,% Soviet heavy satellite program to study cosmic radiations.Satellites have 4 solar pannels and a 9.7 m span.1]1 ]A,H `Ձ+܀㡄*㢄*㣄*㤄*Program: ProtonProton 1Proton 2Proton 3Proton 49]15 d Proton 1Ed5 :"+" Proton 11 '  Generalg dG#^@") Designation01466 / 65054A\XA#R6Launch date16 Jul 1965jŒM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,X;M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^ŒA#R:"Perigee/Apogee181/578 kmV;A#R*Inclination63.4TCA#R&Period92.2 minm M#j@" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #1ZC A#R2"Mass at launch12.2 t&0# 5 e'  End of lifeV0A#R*Decay11 Oct 1965$e "  9E175C5 EProton 2E 5 :"+" Proton 21 E'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation01701 / 65087A[}A#R4Launch date2 Nov 1965j"M#j:"N , Country of originCISy,}`M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee189/608 kmV`A#R*Inclination63.5ThA#R&Period92.5 minm M#j@" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #2Zh/A#R2"Mass at launch12.2 t&U# 5/'  End of lifeUUA#R(Decay6 Feb 1966$" 9<155 <Proton 3E5 :"+" Proton 31 <'  Generalg G#^@") Designation02290 / 66060A[tA#R4Launch date6 Jul 1966jM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,tWM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee185/594 kmVW A#R*Inclination63.5T_A#R&Period92.3 minm M#j@" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #4Z_&A#R2"Mass at launch12.2 t&L# 5&'  End of lifeVLA#R*Decay16 Sep 1966$" 941C5 4yProton 4Ey5 :"+" Proton 41 4'  Generalg yG#^@") Designation03544 / 68103A\mA#R6Launch date16 Nov 1968jM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,mPM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee248/477 kmVPA#R*Inclination51.6TXA#R&Period91.8 minn!M#jB" &㉓gLaunch vehicleProton #13XXA#R."Mass at launch17 t&D# 5y'  End of lifeVDA#R*Decay24 Jul 1969$y" @31 3Program: ResursL5 :0 " Program: ResurswO3( Soviet remote sensing satellite program operated by the Priroda ('Nature') center of the Russian Central Geodesy and Cartography Agency (GUGK).The F2-series satellites had about 1 month lifetime while the F1 series had only half. The results of the mission (films) are sent back to earth in a reentry vehicle.A new series named Resurs DK should be launched in 1999. With 3 years lifetime this satellite will be placed in 400 km orbit by a Rus launcher. It's payload called Geoton-L will provide 2 - 2.5 m resolution panchromatic pictures, 2.5 - 3 m resolution multispectral pictures. 4 6'  Chronology, &*8Resurs F20 is 60th in Resurs-F series. There were 4 types of Resurs-F spacecrafts: three of Resurs-F1 type and Resurs-F2. First Resurs-F1 named Cosmos 1127 was launched at 10:20 UTC on 5 Sep 1979 from LC41 of Plesetsk cosmodrome. First one of Resurs-F2 series (Cosmos 1906) was launched at 11:30 UTC on 26 Dec 1987 from LC16 of Plesetsk. There were a total of 50 spacecrafts of Resurs-F1 types (28 of the 1st type, 6 of the 2nd and 16 of the 3rd) and 10 of Resurs-F2 type launched. There were also two launch failures at the launch of Resurs-F1 of the 2nd and the 3rd types. So, there were 62 launch attempts of Resurs-F spacecrafts. &6 # &/# < k' *O External resourcesG /' @http://www.ssc.se/sb/resurs/1k1U <) "&YProgram Resurs#)2y9z9{9|9}9~99997777777777*8^!8㹾SsɉSsɉResurs F01Resurs F02Resurs F03Resurs F04Resurs F05Resurs F06Resurs F07Resurs F08Resurs F09Resurs F10Resurs F11Resurs F12Resurs F13Resurs F14Resurs F15Resurs F16Resurs F17Resurs F18Resurs F19Resurs F20Resurs F21Resurs 500Resurs O1-0 is Cosmos 1484Resurs O1-1 is Cosmos 1689Resurs O1-2 is Cosmos 1939Resurs O1-3Resurs O1-4$" 11U   @? # :Resurs F1's specifications_ A#R<0&Prime contractorKB Photon]?  A#R80Platformmodified VostokU P A#R(0"Mass at launch?O  A#R0Diameter?YP  A#R00 Stabilization3 axis$  " 1 M 1U M ^  @  # :Resurs F2's specifications_M  A#R<0&Prime contractorKB Photon] I A#R80Platformmodified Vostoki(  A#RP0"Mass at launch6.5 t (capsule 2.5 t)SI  A#R$0Diameter2.3 mY ^ A#R00 Stabilization3 axis$  " 1^  1  A9  # ,Resurs F2's payloadE 1' < KFA 1000 film camera system|: B#Tt0Wavebands0.57-0.67 m (visible)0.67-0.8 m (near IR)V1A#R*0Resolution5-10 mVYA#R*0Swath width60 km2 '  KATE 200}<Y@A#Rx0Wavebands0.5-0.6, 0.6-0.7, 0.7-0.9 m (visible/ne@ ar IR)Wk@A#R,0Resolution15-30 mW@@A#R,0Swath width180 km^:k@ A$ tAlso equipped with an LK 1000 camera and a MK 4 camera1@QA1U QAD=D? AA# 8Resurs O's specificationsj)QAAA#RR0&Prime contractorVNII Elektromekaniki[AUBA#R40"Mass at launch1950 kgXABA#R.0Payload mass550 kgi(UBCA#RP0Dimensions6 m long x 1.4 m diameterUBkCA#R(0Solar array10 mYCCA#R00 Stabilization3 axisUkCDA#R(0Lifetime2 years$C=D" 1DnD1U nDIJ8=DD# *Resurs O's payloadQ*nDD' T MSU-M (low resolution - visible and IR)}<DtEA#Rx0Wavebands0.5-0.6 m, 0.6-0.7 m, 0.7-0.8 m, 0.8-1.0 mT-DE' Z MSU-S (medium resolution - visible and IR)f%tE.FA#RJ0Wavebands0.58-0.7 m, 0.7-1.0 mS,EF' X MSU-SK (5-channel visible and IR scanner)I.F GA#R0Wavebands0.5-0.6 m, 0.6-0.7 m, 0.7-08 m, 0.8-1.0 m, 10.4-12.6 mu4FGA#Rh0Resolution150 m (4 channels), 600 m (1 channel)W GGA#R,0Swath width600 kmX1G/H' b MSU-E (3-channel steerable push-broom scanner)s2GHA#Rd0Wavebands0.5-0.67 m, 0.65-0.8 m, 0.8-1.0 mT/HHA#R&0Resolution30 mVHLIA#R*0Swath width85 kmH!HI' B FRAGMENT (8-channel TV camera)YLIIA#R00Wavebands0.4-2.1 m$IJ" 1IBJ1W BJJJT+JJ) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&BJJ# ; JJ17 J>KResurs F01GJ>K5 :& " Resurs F011 JoK'  Generalg >KKG#^@") Designation20006 / 89038A\oK2LA#R6Launch date25 May 1989jKLM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#2L MM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^LjMA#R:"Perigee/Apogee174/232 kmV MMA#R*Inclination82.3TjMNA#R&Period88.6 miniM}NM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYNNA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk}NO% ACarried two Pion subsatellites aimed to air density research which were released. They were built by students at the Korolev Aviation Institute in Kubyshev.5NO'  End of lifeVO2A#R*O2JDecay17 Jun 1989&OX# 72'  O Subsatellites`X$ PION 1 (20056 / 89038C) decayed on 23 Jul 1989PION 2 (20060 / 89038D) decayed on 24 Jul 19898K' "(Technical dataM0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; KӁ1ƃ67 ӁResurs F02G5 :& " Resurs F021 ӁK'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20095 / 89049A\KA#R6Launch date27 Jun 1989jxM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^xFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee255/269 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6TFA#R&Period89.8 miniYM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&Y؅# 5 '  End of lifeV؅cA#R*Decay11 Jul 1989& # 8c' "(Technical data<) "&rԓSpecifications; 81 77 8YResurs F03G5 :& " Resurs F031 8'  Generalg G#^@") Designation20134 / 89055A\sA#R6Launch date18 Jul 1989j݈M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#sMM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^݈A#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/214 kmVMA#R*Inclination82.6TUA#R&Period88.4 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYUA#R0Launch sitePlesetskR.i$ \Carried two Pion air density subsatellites5'  End of lifeUiA#R(Decay8 Aug 1989&# 7P'  O Subsatellites`Ԍ$ PION 1 (20160 / 89055C) decayed on 19 Sep 1989PION 2 (20161 / 89055D) decayed on 19 Sep 19898P ' "(Technical dataMԌY0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; 1=77 ۍResurs F04GYۍ5 :& " Resurs F041  '  Generalg ۍsG#^@") Designation20175 / 89063A\ ώA#R6Launch date15 Aug 1989js9M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#ώM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^9A#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/2Y26 kmViA#R*Inclination82.3TA#R&Period88.5 minii&M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&&# 5'  End of lifeV0A#R*Decay14 Sep 1989&V# 80' "(Technical dataMV0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; 1w7m7 ]Resurs F05G]5 :& " Resurs F051 '  Generalg ]G#^@") Designation20222 / 89073A[PA#R4Launch date6 Sep 1989jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#P*M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/229 kmV*A#R*Inclination82.3T2A#R&Period88.6 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY2A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk`~* $ Carried CAMEX (Carrier for Microgravity Experiment), a German experiment for Kayser Threde5'  End of lifeV~ A#R*Decay22 Sep 1989&/# 8 g' "(Technical data</) "&rԓSpecifications; g17˃7 %Resurs F06G%5 :& " Resurs F061 V'  Generalg %G#^@") Designation20632 / 90047A\VA#R6Launch date29 May 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^QA#R:"Perigee/Apogee175/231 kmVA#R*Inclination82.4TQA#R&Period88.6 minidM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&d# 5'  End of lifeVnA#R*Decay14 Jun 1990&# 8n' "(Technical data<) "&rԓSpecifications; C1*m78 CResurs F07G5 :& " Resurs F071 C'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation20687 / 90060A\~A#R6Launch date17 Jul 1990j" M#j:"N , Country of originCIS~ p#~|M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/236 kmV|0A#R*Inclination82.3TA#R&Period88.6 mini0M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYFA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&l# 5F'  End of lifeVlA#R*Decay16 Aug 1990&# 8U' "(Technical dataM0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; U1˃7P8 $ Resurs F08G$5 :& " Resurs F081 U'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation20754 / 90073A\UA#R6Launch date16 Aug 1990jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^PA#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/229 kmVA#R*Inclination82.3TPA#R&Period88.5 minicM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&c# 5'  End of lifeUlA#R(Decay1 Sep 1990&# 8l' "(Technical data< ) "&rԓSpecifications; A 1088 A  Resurs F09G  5 :& " Resurs F091 A  '  Generalg  G#^@") Designation20794 / 90082A[ { A#R4Launch date7 Sep 1990j  M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#{ U M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^  A#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/238 kmVU  A#R*Inclination82.5T ] A#R&Period88.7 mini  M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY]  A#R0Launch sitePlesetskC b $ >Carried a German experiment5  '  End of lifeVb  A#R*Decay21 Sep 1990& # 8 K' "(Technical data<) "&rԓSpecifications; K1'P88   DResurs F10G 5 :& " Resurs F101 :'  Generalg G#^@") Designation21313 / 91035A\: @A#R6Launch date21 May 1991 @jv@M#j:"N , Country of originCISp# @@M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^v@DAA#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/242 kmV@AA#R*Inclination82.3TDAAA#R&Period88.7 miniAWBM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYABA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&WBB# 5B C'  End of lifeVBaCA#R*Decay20 Jun 1991& CC# 8aCC' "(Technical dataMC D0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; CGD1%8x8 GDDIResurs F11G DD5 :& " Resurs F111 GDD'  Generalg D&EG#^@") Designation21524 / 91044A\DEA#R6Launch date28 Jun 1991j&EEM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#E\FM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^EFA#R:"Perigee/Apogee253/268 kmV\FGA#R*Inclination82.3TFdGA#R&Period89.7 miniGGM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYdG&HA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&GLH# 5&HH'  End of lifeVLHHA#R*Decay21 Jul 1991&HH# 8H5I' "(Technical dataMHI0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; 5II18Ճ8 IJNResurs F12GIJ5 :& " Resurs F121 I5J'  Generalg JJG#^@") Designation21611 / 91052A\5JJA#R6Launch date23 Jul 1991jJbKM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#JKM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^bK0LA#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/230 kmVKLA#R*Inclination82.4T0LLA#R&Period88.6 miniLCMM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYLMA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&CMM# 5MM'  End of lifeUMLNA#R(Decay8 Aug 1991&MrN# 8LNN' "(Technical data<rNN) "&rԓSpecifications; N!O16x8+9 !OhOhResurs F13GNhO5 :& " Resurs F131 !OO'  Generalg hO G#^@") Designation21664 / 91058AO N\OhA#R6Launch date21 Aug 1991j ҀM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#hBM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^ҀA#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/240 kmVBA#R*Inclination82.3TJA#R&Period88.7 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYJ A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&2# 5 g'  End of lifeV2A#R*Decay20 Sep 1991&g# 8' "(Technical dataMh0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; 1%Ճ89 މResurs F14Gh5 :& " Resurs F141 '  Generalg G#^@") Designation21951 / 92024A\ޅA#R6Launch date29 Apr 1992jHM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#ޅM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^HA#R:"Perigee/Apogee225/230 kmVlA#R*Inclination82.1TA#R&Period89.1 minil)M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&)# 5݈'  End of lifeV3A#R*Decay29 May 1992&݈Y# 83' "(Technical dataMYމ0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; 1+99 `BResurs F15Gމ`5 :& " Resurs F151 '  Generalg `G#^@") Designation21998 / 92033A\TA#R6Launch date23 Jun 1992jM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#T.M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/226 kmV.A#R*Inclination82.3T6A#R&Period88.5 miniM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY6A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&# 5S'  End of lifeUA#R(Decay9 Jul 1992&SΎ# 8' "(Technical data<ΎB) "&rԓSpecifications; }19K9 }ďResurs F16GBď5 :& " Resurs F161 } '  Generalď Bg ďsG#^@") Designation22093 / 92056A\ A#R6Launch date19 Aug 1992js9M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^9A#R:"Perigee/Apogee178/226 kmV]A#R*Inclination82.6TA#R&Period88.6 mini]M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYsA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk,% )Two passive Pion crafts were released on 1st September. Tracking of their decay will allow studies of atmospheric density and radar calibration.5sa'  End of lifeU,A#R(Decay4 Sep 1992&a# 7'  O Subsatellites`$ PION 1 (22099 / 92056C) decayed on 25 Sep 1992PION 2 (22100 / 92056D) decayed on 24 Sep 19928' "(Technical dataM0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; W1199 WResurs F17G5 :& " Resurs F171 W'  Generalg 6G#^@") Designation22663 / 93033Ah'A#RNLaunch date21 May 1993 at 09:20 UTj6M#j:"N , Country of originCISp#xM#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee176/255 kmVx,A#R*Inclination82.6TA#R&Period88.8 mini,M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYBA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&h# 5B'  End of lifeVhA#R*Decay20 Jun 1993&# 8Q' "(Technical dataM0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; Q1#K9J:  1Resurs F18G 5 :& " Resurs F181 Q'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22696 / 93040Ah'Q A#RNLaunch date25 Jun 1993 at 08:20 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISp# M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^XA#R:"Perigee/Apogee173/240 kmVA#R*Inclination82.6TXA#R&Period88.6 minikM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&k #  5A'  End of lifeV A#R*Decay12 Jul 1993&A# 8' "(Technical data<1) "&rԓSpecifications; l1 9: lResurs F19G15 :& " Resurs F191 l'  Generalg KG#^@") Designation22777 / 93053Ah'A#RNLaunch date24 Aug 1993 at 10:45 UTjKM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1)^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee174/236 kmVAA#R*Inclination82.6TA#R&Period88.6 miniAM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYWA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&}# 5W'  End of lifeV}A#R*Decay10 Sep 1993&.# 8f' "(Technical data<.) "&rԓSpecifications; f1J:M: $ Resurs F20G$5 :& " Resurs F201 U'  Generalg $G#^@") Designation23672 / 95050Ah'U$A#RNLaunch date26 Sep 1995 at 11:20 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISp#$M#jF"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F2)^\ A#R:"Perigee/Apogee231/233 kmV A#R*Inclination82.3R\  A#R"Period89 mini m M#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuz`  A#R>Launch sitePlesetsk LC43-4\m ) A#R6"Mass at launch~6000 kgJ& s $ LWould be the last Resurs F mission5)  '  End of life`s  A#R>CauseNormal end of missionV ^ A#R*Decay26 Oct 1995&  # 8^  ' "(Technical dataM  0 0:#@ⱺSpecificationsPayload; D 1`M:: D  BResurs F21G  5 :& " Resurs F21<D  # 2Also called Resurs F1M1  '  Generalg _G#^@") Designation25059 / 97072A\ A#R6Launch date17 Nov 1997j_%M#j:"N , Country of originCISr%M#jJ"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing (F1M?)^% @A#R:"Perigee/Apogee208/243 km @ Vb@A#R*Inclination82.3L @@A#RPeriodib@AM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzY@pAA#R0Launch sitePlesetsk[AAA#R4"Mass at launch6300 kgpAB' It is unknown what type of satellite this is exactly, if it is a F1 or F2 or a new model.Might be equipped of 2 KFA-3000 cameras with 5 to 8 m resolution and a multispectral camera KATE-200 with 10 to 12 m resolution.; A C1T:: CSCvIResurs 500GBSC5 :& " Resurs 500\9 CC# rAlso called Zvezda Kolumba which means "Columbus Star"1 SCC'  Generalg CGDG#^@") Designation22217 / 92075Ah'CDA#RNLaunch date15 Nov 1992 at 21:50 UTjGDEM#j:"N , Country of originCISUDnEG#^"H̀Mission^EEA#R:"Perigee/Apogee177/237 kmVnE"FA#R*Inclination82.6TEvFA#R&Period88.6 mini"FFM#j8" &KLaunch vehicleSoyuzYvF8GA#R0Launch sitePlesetskhFH' Carries objects and messages. After a 6 day flight the capsule decayed in the Pacific. It was then moved to Seattle for thanksgiving Day. This mission is called Europe-America Space Flight 500. It celebrates the international space year, the 500th anniversary of the new world's discovery and must start a cooperation between US and Russia.Resurs F1 type58GH'  End of lifeVHRIA#R*Decay22 Nov 1992$HvI" < RII1y: : IIBOResurs O1-3HvII5 :( " Resurs O1-31 I+J'  Generalg IJG#^@") Designation23342 / 94074Ag&+JJA#RLLaunch date4 Nov 1994 at 05:46 UTjJcKM#j:"N , Country of originCISkJKM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensing^cK,LA#R:"Perigee/Apogee660/663 kmTKLA#R&Inclination98R,LLA#R"Cycle21 daysRL$MA#R"Period98 miniLMM#j8" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenityO$MN* $ >PCarried Safir R1. The payload costed DM6 million (half financed by DARA)<MBN' *O External resourcesY2NN' dhttp://www.eurimage.it/Products/RESURS_O1.html8BNN' "(Technical datao=NBO2 4z<ҏ,SpecificationsPayloadDownlink: 8.192 GHz, 7.68 mbps< N~O1" : ~OOʌResurs O1-4HBOO5 :( " Resurs O1-41 ~O '  GeneralO BOg OsG#^@") Designation25394 / 98043A\ πA#R6Launch date10 Jul 1998js9M#j:"N , Country of originCISkπM#j<"H̀郉MissionRemote sensinga 9A#R@"Perigee/Apogee815 / 818 km V[A#R*Inclination98.8UA#R(Period101.2 minm [M#j@" &'CMLaunch vehicleZenit #29O%l* $J -)Also carries a LLMSIRIS payload<' *O External resourcesel;. ,http://www.eurimage.it/Products/RESURS_O1.htmlhttp://www.lmd.ens.fr/~raberant/english/home.htm8s' "(OTechnical data8;' " SpecificationsVsA#R*&Prime contractorN OA#RPlatform[A#R4"Mass at launch1950 kgSOA#R$ Mass in orbitOLA#RDimensionQA#R Solar arraySLA#R$ StabilizationN >A#RDC powerUA#R($Design lifetime?>҇$ 6Downlinks at 137.40 MHzS,%' X MSU-SK (5-channel visible and IR scanner)U҇A#R0Wavebands0.5-0.6 m, 0.6-0.7 m, 0.7-08 m, 0.8-1.0 m, 10.4-12.6 m + a 6th oneu4%0A#Rh0Resolution161 m (4 channels), 528 m (1 channel)WA#R,0Swath width714 kmX10߉' b MSU-E (3-channel steerable push-broom scanner)s2RA#Rd0Wavebands0.5-0.67 m, 0.65-0.8 m, 0.8-1.0 mT߉A#R&0Resolution30 mVRA#R*0Swath width60 kmB>$ <Downlink: 8.2 GHz, 16 mbpsQ*' T Scarab 2 (Scanner for Radiation Budget)x>KD#X0.Telescopes wavebands0.2 - 4 m (solar reflections)4 - 100 m (earth IR)10.5 - 12.5 m (IR)0.5 - 0.7 m (visible)[ʌ$ 40 kg. Scarab 2's flight has been paid for by the CNES. Should have 2 years of lifetime6K1 >RS 15> ʌ>2 4"  RS 15iʍ# Also called Radio-Rosto (Rosto is an acronyme for Russian Defense, Sports, and Technical Organization)1 >'  Generalg ʍbG#^@") Designation23439 / 94085A\A#R6Launch date26 Dec 1994jb(M#j:"N , Country of originCISo"M#jD"H̀㓉MissionTelecommunications`( A#R>"Perigee/Apogee1881/2163 km ʌVbA#R*Inclination64.8S A#R$Period128 minlb!M#j>" &mKLaunch vehicleRokot #1e3 4N!w$xAll the electronics onboard the satellite was designed and built by a group of Radio Amateurs from the town of Kaluga (180 km SW of Moscow) under the leaderships of Aleksander Papkov. The work was coordinated and supervised by NILAKT POSTO (aero-cosmic laboratory), Moscow, under the direction of Valentin Yamnikov. Full control of RS 15 as well as RS 10/11 and RS 12/13 is implemented by the RS3A control station at Moscow (headed by Leonid Maksakov).RS-15 suffered from power supply problems, as it goes off almost immediately upon entering earth eclipse, not to return until is 'sees' sunlight again.1 !' O Contactz. ,RS3APO Box 59, Moscow 105122, RussiaFax: +7-095-916-2949Email: rsgroup@olymp.msk.suPacket: RS3A @ RS3A.MSK.RUS.EU8' "(OTechnical data8' " SpecificationsVXA#R*&Prime contractorm,A#RXPlatformsimilar to RS 3 to 8 satellitesYXA#R0"Mass at launch70 kgSqA#R$ Mass in orbitb!A#RBDiameter1 m (spherical-like)Qq$A#R Solar arrayW{A#R, StabilizationnoneN $A#RDC powerU{A#R($Design lifetimeZ5x% kOn board the satellite, there is a Mode A transponder and two CW beacons, one of which consists of a broadcast bulletin board with 2 kilobytes of storage space. A remote control system and telemetry system also exist on the satellite. RS 15 does not have not orientation or attitude stabilization systems.6'  Transponders?x/B#T~Beacons29.3525 MHz (0.4 - 1.2 W)29.3987 MHz (0.4 - 1.2 W)FuA#R v5/A#RjUplink145.858 - 145.898 MHz (approx. 100 W EIRP)Fu1A#R m,A#RXDownlink29.354 - 29.394 MHz (up to 5 W){W1$ RS 15 lost its beacon in June 1998, however the transponder remains on and working.AZ1rK ZProgram: SputnikM5 :2/Z" Program: SputnikAZ# <Soviet experimental program11< $ $s 1xZU~~~~~~~~~~Program: SputnikSputnik 01Sputnik 02Sputnik 03Sputnik 04Sputnik 05Sputnik 06Sputnik 07Sputnik 09Sputnik 10Sputnik 40; _1; < _Sputnik 01G$5 :&/Z" Sputnik 016_# &Also called PS 11  '  Generalg tG#^@") Designation00002 / 57001B[ A#R4Launch date4 Oct 1957jtEM#j:"NE$ , Country of originCISy,M#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study^EA#R:"Perigee/Apogee227/945 kmTpA#R&Inclination65TA#R&Period96.1 minw*p;M#jT" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka A (8K71PS)YA#R0Launch siteTyuratam;' First satellite ever launchedSphere made of aluminum of 58 cm diameter with 4 antennas. Its 2 radio transmitters send signals during 21 days. It enabled propagation and ionospherical studies.5'  End of lifeU A#R(Decay3 Jan 19588B' "(OTechnical data8 z' " SpecificationsVBA#R*&Prime contractorN zA#RPlatform[yA#R4"Mass at launch83.6 kgSA#R$ Mass in orbit]y)A#R8Dimension58 cm diameterQzA#R Solar arrayS)A#R$ StabilizationN zA#RDC powerUpA#R($Design lifetimeH$$ HFrequencies: 20.005 & 40.002 MHz; p1 8;7< :/CSputnik 02G:5 :&/Z" Sputnik 021 k'  Generalg :G#^@") Designation00003 / 57002A[k- A#R4Launch date3 Nov 1957j M#j:"N , Country of originCISx+-  M#jV"H̀jMissionScientific: Sun observation_ n A#R<"Perigee/Apogee225/1670 kmV  A#R*Inclination65.3Un  A#R(Period103.7 minn!  M#jB" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka AY  A#R0Launch siteTyuratam\ < A#R6"Mass at launch508.3 kg  % K1.2 m high cone that carried Laika (a dog) the first living creature in Space. Also studied X-rays and UV radiations from the Sun. The dog died after a few days.5< ; '  End of lifeV  A#R*Decay14 Apr 19588;  ' "(OTechnical data8 ' " SpecificationsV WA#R*&Prime contractorN A#RPlatformZWA#R2"Mass at launch508 kgSRA#R$ Mass in orbitOA#RDimensionQR @A#R Solar array @S_@A#R$ StabilizationN @@A#RDC powerU_@AA#R($Design lifetime-@/C) Frequencies: 20.005 & 40.002 MHz (Tral-D TM system)The satellite also featured a slow-scan TV camera (100 lines per frame, 10 frames per second), which relayed images to the ground.There was also a spectrophotometer for UV (1216 A) and Soft-X-rays (1-120 A) using a photomultiplier tube and a filterwheel. This instrument sent data through a commutated telemetry channel. The instrument was designed by the St. Peterburg physicist A. Jefremov under the direction of Academicians A. Lebedev and S. Mandelstam.; AjC1<< jCCHSputnik 03G/CC5 :&/Z" Sputnik 031 jCC'  Generalg CIDG#^@") Designation00008 / 58004B\CDA#R6Launch date15 May 1958jIDEM#j:"N , Country of originCISy,DEM#jX"H̀?vMissionScientific: ionosphere study`EEA#R>"Perigee/Apogee217/1.864 kmVE>FA#R*Inclination65.2SEFA#R$Period106 mins&>FGM#jL" &゜PLaunch vehicleSemiorka (R7) AYF]GA#R0Launch siteTyuratamm,GGA#RX"Mass at launch1327 kg (payload: 970 kg)&]GG# 5G%H'  End of lifeUGzHA#R(Decay6 Apr 1960$%HH" ; zHH17<= H IrMSputnik 04GH I5 :&/Z" Sputnik 041 HQI'  Generalg IIG#^@") Designation00034 / 60005A\QIJA#R6Launch date15 May 1960jI~JM#j:"N , Country of originCISUJJG#^"H̀Mission^~J1KA#R:"Perigee/Apogee284/514 kmTJKA#R&Inclination65T1KKA#R&Period92.5 minlKELM#j>" &゜PLaunch vehicleVostok LYKLA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&ELL# 5LL'  End of lifeULNMA#R(Decay5 Sep 1962$LrM" ; NMM1=$= MMESputnik 05GrMM5 :&/Z" Sputnik 051 M%N'  Generalg MNG#^@") Designation00055 / 60011A\%NNA#R6Launch date19 Aug 1960jNROM#j:"N , Country of originCISUNOG#^"H̀Mission^ROA#R:"Perigee/Apogee281/340OrM kmVOgA#R*Inclination64.6TA#R&Period90.7 min\gG#^*" &Launch vehicleYpA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&# 5pˁ'  End of lifeV!A#R*Decay20 Aug 1960$ˁE" ; !1r$== ǂSputnik 06GEǂ5 :&/Z" Sputnik 061 '  Generalg ǂ_G#^@") Designation00065 / 60017A[A#R4Launch date1 Dec 1960j_$M#j:"N , Country of originCISUyG#^"H̀Mission^$ׄA#R:"Perigee/Apogee123/269 kmTy+A#R&Inclination65TׄA#R&Period88.4 min\+ۅG#^*" &Launch vehicleY4A#R0Launch siteTyuratam&ۅZ# 54'  End of lifeUZA#R(Decay2 Dec 1960$" ; C1u}=U= C΋Sputnik 07G5 :&/Z" Sputnik 071 C'  Generalg "G#^@") Designation00071 / 61002A[}A#R4Launch date4 Feb 1961j"M#j:"N , Country of originCISU}<G#^"H̀Mission^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee212/318 kmV<A#R*Inclination64.9TDA#R&Period89.8 min\G#^*" &Launch vehicleYDA#R0Launch siteTyuratam&# 5T'  End of lifeVA#R*Decay26 Feb 1960$T΋" ;  1<ӄ< PSputnik 09G΋P5 :&/Z" Sputnik 091 '  Generalg PG#^@") Designation00091 / 61008A[CA#R4Launch date9 Mar 1961jM#j:"N , Country of originCISUCG#^"H̀Mission^`A#R:"Perigee/Apogee173/239 kmVA#R*Inclination64.9T` A#R&Period88.6 min\fG#^*" &Launch vehicleY A#R0Launch siteTyuratam;f $ .Vostok 1 repetition ΋5A'  End of lifeU A#R(Decay9 Mar 1961$A" ; 1ӄ<}= <Sputnik 10G<5 :&/Z" Sputnik 101 m'  Generalg <G#^@") Designation00095 / 61009A\m0A#R6Launch date25 Mar 1961jM#j:"N , Country of originCISU0G#^"H̀Mission^MA#R:"Perigee/Apogee175/175 kmVA#R*Inclination64.9TMA#R&Period88.6 min\SG#^*" &Launch vehicleYA#R0Launch siteTyuratam;S$ .Vostok 1 repetition5'  End of lifeVrA#R*Decay25 Mar 1961$" ; r1= Sputnik 40G5 :&/Z" Sputnik 40M*e# TAlso called PS 2 or Sputnik Jr or RS 171 '  Generalg eG#^@") Designation24958 / 97058Cg&dA#RLLaunch date3 Nov 1997 at 04:05 UTjM#j:"N , Country of originCISUd#G#^"H̀Mission^A#R:"Perigee/Apogee383/391 kmV#A#R*Inclination51.6L #A#RPeriod`G#^2" &Launch vehiclenoneb!#A#RBLaunch siteMir space station`3E- (g~1/3 model of Sputnik 01 The model was built by high school students in the republic of Kabardin-Balakarsk in the Russian Federation, in the Caucasus near Chechnya. The radio transmitter payload was built by students on Reunion island, a French territory in the Indian Ocean. Frequency: 145.820 MHz5z'  End of life_EA#R<"Out of service29 Dec 1997_z8A#R<Causestopped transmittingK A#RDecay&8# 81> uStart 18 , (" Start 11 J'  Generalg G#^@") Designation22561 / 93014A\J A#R6Launch date25 Mar 1993jwM#j:"N , Country of originCISY G#^$"H̀MissionTest^w.A#R:"Perigee/Apogee680/968 kmVA#R*Inclination75.8U.A#R(Period101.4 minlQM#j>"Q &aKLaunch vehicleStart #1$u" DQ1 =[  Program: StatsionarPu 5 :8cD" Program: Statsionar7 (1> (rOStatsionar-01Jr5 :,cD" Statsionar-01@(- *&/ۀ Location: 75Ewr)^#2 BeginEndSatellitep#>"$5oމ22 Dec 1975Raduga 01s )+j# $O" > +15>>>  @Statsionar-02JO5 :,cD" Statsionar-02@ - *&/ۀ Location: 35Ew ^#2 BeginEndSatellite  p#>"$5oމ11 Sep 1976Raduga 02  p#>"$5oމ23 Jul 1977Raduga 03 ; p#>"$5oމ18 Jul 1978Raduga 04  p#>"$5oމ20 Feb 1980Raduga 06; Y p#>"$5oމ18 Mar 1981Raduga 08  p#< "=4oމ9 Oct 1981Raduga 10Y v p#>"$44oމ26 Nov 1982Raduga 11 p#>"$74oމ15 Feb 1984Raduga 14v p#>"$:4oމ15 Nov 1985Raduga 17 $p#@$&`4oމ20 Oct 1988?Raduga 22 s#@""$f4oމ19 Dec 1991Raduga 28$$ @"  @O> J@1>> J@@GDStatsionar-03J @@5 :,cD" Statsionar-03@J@@- *&/ۀ Location: 85Ew@KA^#2 BeginEndSatellite@Ap#>"$5oމ25 Apr 1979Raduga 05KAhBp#< "54oމ8 Apr 1983Raduga 12ABp#>"$h4oމ19 Mar 1987Raduga 20)hBCp#R68d4oމ20 Dec 1990< Feb 1995Raduga 26 B#Ds#@""$4oމ30 Sep 1993Raduga 30$CGD" > #DD1V>ʁ> DD HStatsionar-04c.GDD5 :^cD" Statsionar-04 / Loutch-02 / Express-02@D(E- *&/ۀ Location: 14WwDE^#2 BeginEndSatellite!(E0Fp#B"$%o14 Jun 1980Gorizont 04!EFp#B"$#o30 Mar 1988Gorizont 15"0FVGs#D""$#o20 Jun 1990Gorizont 20 FGs#@""$J713 Oct 1994Express 1$VG H" > GKH1>*> KHHNStatsionar-05W" HH5 :FcD" Statsionar-05 / Express-05@KHH- *&/ۀ Location: 53EwHYI^#2 BeginEndSatellite!HIp#B"$$o19 Dec 1978Gorizont 01 YIzJp#@ "%o6 Jul 1979Gorizont 02!I Kp#B"$%o28 Dec 1979Gorizont 03"zJKs#D""$%o22 Apr 1984Gorizont 09! K1Lp#B"$|#o18 Jan 1985Gorizont 11)KLs#R0"2#o26 Jan 1989? movedGorizont 17"1LbMs#D""$#o22 Nov 1992Gorizont 27LMs#>"#oJul 1996Gorizont 32$bMN" > MVN1|ʁ>g? VNNStatsionar-06c.NN5 :^cD" Statsionar-06 / Loutch-03 / Express-07@VNN- *&/ۀ Location: 90EwNpO^#2 BeginEndSatellite"Ns#D""$%o30 Nov 1983Gorizont 0pON8"pOs#D""$~#o18 Nov 1986Gorizont 13!:s#B ""#o3 Nov 1990Gorizont 21"ρs#D""$#o28 Oct 1993Gorizont 28$:" > ρ11*>-? 11Statsionar-07c.5 :^cD" Statsionar-07 / Loutch-04 / Express-10A1Ղ- *(/ۀ Location: 140EwL^#2 BeginEndSatellite"Ղs#D""$#o11 May 1987Gorizont 14!Lus#B ""#o6 Jul 1989Gorizont 18% s#J$("*#omid-April 1996Gorizont 22$u1" > o1g?? oHStatsionar-08J15 :,cD" Statsionar-08@o- *&/ۀ Location: 25Wwp^#2 BeginEndSatellitep#< "5oމ5 Oct 1980Raduga 07pp#>"$;4oމ17 Jan 1986Raduga 18'$p#N24a4oމ14 Apr 1989Jul 1995Raduga 23$H" > $1-?? ЈStatsionar-09JHЈ5 :,cD" Statsionar-09@- *&/ۀ Location: 45EwЈ^#2 BeginEndSatellitep#>"$64oމ25 Aug 1983Raduga 13p#< "94oމ8 Aug 1985Raduga 16 4p#@$&b4oމ15 Dec 1989?Raduga 24(ϋs#P2"44oމ18 Feb 1994Jul 1995Raduga 314_s#:"a4oމSep 1995Raduga 23$ϋ" > _1?U?  Statsionar-10J 5 :,cD" Statsionar-10AL- *(/ۀ Location: 170Ww Í^#2 BeginEndSatellite!LTp#B"$%o20 Oct 1982Gorizont 06Íp#>"$<4oމ25 Oct 1986Raduga 19Thp#* _4oމ?Raduga 21$" > hʏ13?p? ʏ96Statsionar-11c.95 :^cD"ʏ9 Statsionar-11 / Loutch-06 / Express-03@ʏy- *&/ۀ Location: 11Ww9^#2 BeginEndSatellite!yp#B"$%o30 Jun 1983Gorizont 07!p#B"$#o15 Jul 1992Gorizont 26$6" > t1U?.? tfStatsionar-12c.65 :^cD" Statsionar-12 / Loutch-07 / Express-04@t- *&/ۀ Location: 40Ew^#2 BeginEndSatellite!p#B"$}#o10 Jun 1986Gorizont 12!p#B"$#o23 Nov 1990Gorizont 22Bs#>"#oFeb 1996Gorizont 31$f" > B1Qp? ? 'Statsionar-13c.f5 :^cD" Statsionar-13 / Loutch-08 / Express-06@G- *&/ۀ Location: 80Ew^#2 BeginEndSatellite GNp#@ "#o1 Aug 1984Gorizont 10!p#B"$#o18 Aug 1988Gorizont 16!Npp#B"$#o23 Oct 1991Gorizont 24 s#@""$J726 Sep 1996Express 2$p'" > e1.?͂? eYStatsionar-14c.'5 :^cD" Statsionar-14 / Loutch-09 / Express-08Be - **/ۀ Location: 96.5Ew^#2 BeginEndSatellite! p#B"$%o15 Mar 1982Gorizont 05!p#B"$#o28 Sep 1989Gorizont 195s#>"#oAug 1996Gorizont 27$Y" > 51 ?w? uStatsionar-15JY5 :,cD" Statsionar-15A"- *(/ۀ Location: 128Ew^#2 BeginEndSatellite"(p#>"$84oމ22 Jun 1984Raduga 15&p#L02_4oމ10 Dec 1987? movedRaduga 21 (Qs#@""$e4oމ28 Feb 1991Raduga 27$u" > Q1͂?N@ "  Statsionar-16c.u" 5 :^cD" Statsionar-16 / Lo" uutch-10 / Express-11Ac - *(/ۀ Location: 145Ew"  ^#2 BeginEndSatellitec ` p#, #oGorizont 21s  j# $`  " >  5 1w?@ 5  B Statsionar-17J  5 :,cD" Statsionar-17B5  - **/ۀ Location: 26.5Ww 8 ^#2 BeginEndSatellites   j# s 8  j# $ B " >   1N@@    Statsionar-18JB  5 :,cD" Statsionar-18?   - *$/ۀ Location: 8Ew  ^#2 BeginEndSatellites   j# s  f j# $  " > f  1@Q@    Statsionar-19J  5 :,cD" Statsionar-19@ R - *&/ۀ Location: 23Ew  ^#2 BeginEndSatellites R < j# s   j# $<  " >   1@@  [  Statsionar-20J [ 5 :,cD" Statsionar-20@  - *&/ۀ Location: 70Ew[  ^#2 BeginEndSatellite!  s#B""$ƭ\21 Jun 1989Raduga 1-1 5 p#>"$c4oމ15 Feb 1990Raduga 25  s#@""$4oމ28 Dec 1994Raduga 32$5  " > * 1-Q@@ *   Statsionar-21c.  5 :^cD" Statsionar-21 / Loutch-05 / Express-09A*  - *(/ۀ Location: 103Ew E ^#2 BeginEndSatellite  p#@ "#o2 Jul 1991Gorizont 23 E e p#@ "#o2 Apr 1992Gorizont 25$  " > e  1@ @   @ Statsionar-22J  5 :,cD" Statsionar-22? P - *$/ۀ Location: 1Ew  ^#2 BeginEndSatellites P F@ j# F@   s  @ j# $F@ @ " > @ A 1@a@ A eA &C Statsionar-23J@ eA 5 :,cD" Statsionar-23@A A - *&/ۀ Location: 15EweA B ^#2 BeginEndSatellites A B j# s B C j# $B &C " > C dC 1 @@ dC C  F zF 1a@j@ zF F H Statsionar-25W" pH H 1@΁@ H )I J Statsionar-26W"H )I 5 :FcD" Statsionar-26 / Express-12AH jI - *(/ۀ Location: 155Ww)I I ^#2 BeginEndSatellites jI TJ j# s I J j# $TJ J " > J )K 1 j@ )K sK bM Statsionar-27JJ sK 5 :,cD" Statsionar-27@)K K - *&/ۀ Location: 12EwsK *L ^#2 BeginEndSatelliteK L p#* `4oމ?Raduga 22*L >M p#>"$g4oމ25 Mar 1993Raduga 29$L bM " A>M M 1k'u M M !Program: TselinaAbM M , (," Program: Tselina{XM _N # Russian SIGINT program started in October 1967. It is composed of several generations8M N ' " 1st generation_N O )  From 1967 to march 1982 40 satellites of the first generation were launched from Plesetsk onboard Cosmos rockets. The network was composed of 4 satellites on 45 distant planes.Specifications overview:VN  A#R*&Prime contractorO  bM N O Z A#RPlatformP  A#RMass900 kgf%Z  A#RJDimension2 m high x 1 m diametern- ~ A#RZ"Perigee/Apogeecircular orbit, 500-550 kmT ҁ A#R&Inclination74i(~ ; A#RP Orbital cycle15 revolutions = 1 dayUҁ  A#R($Design lifetime7; ǂ '   Satellites:O  #ڀ6PjCosmos 0189Cosmos 0200Cosmos 0250Cosmos 0269Cosmos 0315Cosmos 0330Oǂ o #ڀ6PjCosmos 0358Cosmos 0387Cosmos 0395Cosmos 0425Cosmos 0436Cosmos 0437Q K #怢6TnCosmos 0460Cosmos 0479Cosmos 0500Cosmos 0536Cosmos 0544Cosmos 0549Oo  #ڀ6PjCosmos 0582Cosmos 0610Cosmos 0631Cosmos 0655Cosmos 0661Cosmos 0698OK  #ڀ6PjCosmos 0707Cosmos 0749Cosmos 0781Cosmos 0787Cosmos 0790Cosmos 0812O LJ #ڀ6PjCosmos 0845Cosmos 0870Cosmos 0899Cosmos 0924Cosmos 0960Cosmos 10089  #ڀr6PjnCosmos 1062Cosmos 1114Cosmos 1215Cosmos 1345&LJ  # 8  ' " 2nd generation  )  From Dec 1970 to Feb 1983 35 second generation satellites were launched from Plesetsk by Vostok vehicles. When operational the network was composed of 6 satellites orbiting in 60 apart planes.Specifications overview:V A A#R*&Prime contractorN  A#RPlatformQA  A#R Mass2500 kgh' H A#RNDimension5 m high x 1.5 m diameterd#  A#RF"Perigee/Apogeecircular, 650 kmVH  A#R*Inclination81.2S U A#R$ Orbital cycleU  A#R($Design lifetimecU 6 ) " Rainer Kracht reports a standard magnitude of 5.44 +/- 0.02 for those satellites.Satellites:O  #ڀ6PjCosmos 0389Cosmos 0405Cosmos 0476Cosmos 0542Cosmos 0604Cosmos 0673O6 ގ #ڀ6PjCosmos 0744Cosmos 0756Cosmos 0808Cosmos 0851Cosmos 0895Cosmos 0925O  #ڀ6PjCosmos 0955Cosmos 0975Cosmos 1005Cosmos 1043Cosmos 1063Cosmos 1077Oގ  #ڀ  bM 6PjCosmos 1093Cosmos 1116Cosmos 1143Cosmos 1145Cosmos 1154Cosmos 1184O f #ڀ6PjCosmos 1206Cosmos 1222Cosmos 1242Cosmos 1271Cosmos 1315Cosmos 1340D / #ڀ6PjCosmos 1346Cosmos 1356Cosmos 1400Cosmos 1437Cosmos 1441&f U # D/  ' : 3rd generation - Tselina DU  / ,ቂ From Jun 1983 to Apr 1993 37 satellites of the third generation were launched by Cyclone 3 rockets from Plesetsk. When operational the network was composed of 6 satellites orbiting in 60 apart planes.Specifications overview:V  A#R*&Prime contractorN U A#RPlatformQ  A#R Mass2200 kgh'U  A#RNDimension5 m high x 1.5 m diameter^ l A#R:"Perigee/Apogee635/665 kmV  A#R*Inclination82.5j)l , A#RR Orbital cycle44 revolutions = 3 daysU  A#R($Design lifetime, { * " Those satellites are also known as Tselina-D or Ferret D. They could have a beacon at 51.140 and 51.160 MHz. Rainer Kracht reports a standard magnitude of 5.21 +/- 0.04 for those satellites.Satellites:O O #ڀ6PjCosmos 1025Cosmos 1300Cosmos 1328Cosmos 1378Cosmos 1408Cosmos 1455O{ # #ڀ6PjCosmos 1470Cosmos 1515Cosmos 1536Cosmos 1544Cosmos 1606Cosmos 1626OO  #ڀ6PjCosmos 1633Cosmos 1666Cosmos 1674Cosmos 1703Cosmos 1707Cosmos 1726O#  #ڀ6PjCosmos 1733Cosmos 1743Cosmos 1758Cosmos 1782Cosmos 1805Cosmos 1812Q  #怢6Pj(wCosmos 1825Cosmos 1842Cosmos 1862Cosmos 1892Cosmos 1908Cosmos 1933U  #(w:/fxXr+xCosmos 1953Cosmos 1975Cosmos 2058Cosmos 2151Cosmos 2221Cosmos 2228 8 #4"6,x $(,0Cosmos 2242& ^ # D8  ' :O 4th generation - Tselina 2`1^  / ,c㉓g In 1983 a new generation was started named Tselina 2. Those heavy satellites are launched by Zenit 2 vehicles except the 2 first satellites launched on Proton. The satellites are placed on 4 planes spaced 45 apart. The system went operational with Cosmos 2227 in Dec 1992.Specifications overview:b! d A#RB&Prime contractorNPO YuzhnoyeN   A#RPlatformRd !A#R"Mass~9000 !bM kgO _!A#RDimensionZ!!A#R2"Perigee/Apogee850 kmT_! !A#R&Inclination71S!`!A#R$ Orbital cycle\ !!A#R6$Design lifetime3 yearsqH`!-!) " Telemetry for those satellites could be around 166 MHzSatellites:O!!#ڀ6PjCosmos 1603Cosmos 1656Cosmos 1697Cosmos 1714Cosmos 1833Cosmos 1844U-!!#(w:T+xr,xCosmos 1943Cosmos 1980Cosmos 2082Cosmos 2219Cosmos 2227Cosmos 2237[!!#"",x ,x>-x\3xzE3x3xCosmos 2263Cosmos 2278Cosmos 2297Cosmos 2322Cosmos 2333Cosmos 2360&!!# 1!H!1W H!!!T+!!) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&H!!# A!!1( uȃ !P!RB!Program: TsikadaM!P!5 :2⌖" Program: Tsikada!f !X ~} q.<:.<:qqiq2xMeans cicadaRussian navigation program operational since April 1979 (deployment started in late-1976). The satellites composing this system based on the Tsikada bus. This bus carries the Tsikada navigation transponders and optional secondary payloads, e.g. RS, etc. The Cospas (Nadezhda) package is carried as this secondary payload on some satellites. Lately the satellites are known as Nadezhda when they carry a Cospas receiver or part of Cosmos. A new generation is known as Kurs or Nadezhda M has just started and the satellites are in the Cosmos program (since it is still experimental). This generation is an new implementation of some equipment which can switch (on ground command) between two modes. The standard mode is Cospas for search and rescue. The other mode is the Kurs geolocation/data store-forward mode. The first use of this hardware was on Cosmos 2315. It was designed by Moscow's space instrumentation institute.lP! !* $,xThe system is based on 4 planes separated by 45 covering space in order to complete the Parus system.Bf !> !' 6 Occupation of the planes0 ! !x#`  0 H Plane 11Plane 12Plane 13Plane 148> ! !u#p8u0wVCosmos 0883Cosmos 0926Cosmos 1000Cosmos 10925 !+ !c#j6PCosmos 1168Cosmos 1304Cosmos 1226Cosmos 13395 ! !c#j6PCosmos 1383Cosmos 1506Cosmos 1447Cosmos 15745+ ![!c#j6PCosmos 1553Cosmos 1727Cosmos 1655Cosmos 1816: ! !u#tN!w:$xXS򲟉Cosmos 1791Cosmos 1861Cosmos 2123Nadezhda 28[!!{#ƀp"R򲟀T򲟉:eL͉TU򲟉Nadezhda 1Nadezhda 3Tsikada 1Nadezhda 4w !@@!c#(!@@!! $Cosmos 2181!@!o#0(,x"(,Cosmos 2230@@!FA!i#,"2x $(Cosmos 2315 @!RB!. *㼨ԟNote: Cosmos 1380 failed to replace Cosmos 1168 in 1982 (placed on a wrong orbit)The satellites of this program are based on the Musson bus (see Parus for details).Those satellites downlink at 150.000/400.000 MHz.1FA!B!1W B!B!B!T+RB!B!) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&B!B!# 1B!.C!1 .C!C!U"B!C!3 6D eL̀Program: TsikadaTsikada 11.C!C!1W C!D!.D!T+C!D!) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&C!.D!# : D!hD!1y hD!D!H!Tsikada 1F.D!D!5 :$⌖" Tsikada 11 hD!D!'  Generalg D!FE!G#^@") Designation23463 / 95002Ah'D!E!A#RNLaunch date24 Jan 1995 at 03:54 UTjFE!F!M#j:"N , Country of originCISgE!F!M#j4"H̀シMissionNavigation_F!F!A#R<"Perigee/Apogee965/1020 kmVF!4G!A#R*Inclination82.9L F!G!A#RPeriodl4G!G!M#j>" &s,梉Launch vehicleCosmos CYG!EH!A#R0Launch sitePlesetsk&G!kH!# 8EH!H!' "(OTechnical dataS/kH!H!$ ^Downlink frequencies: 150 & 400 MHzPlane 131H!'I!1] 'I!{I!I!T+H!{I!) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register,'I!I!&  @{I!I!1 w)F I!J! A#Launch vehiclesLI!3J!5 :0NJ" Launch vehiclesU+I!J!* $V 㭄؉Section directed by Jean-Jacques Serra&3J!J!# 1J!K!#Tb'xyxjkj  2! #0bnW"D㰭=HVZ^A:ArianeASLVAthenaAtlas#J!zL!#BB:Black Arrow>K!M!#`|'xyxjkj " ቀ"$x@r,梉Xs,梉ptxC:CycloneConestogaCosmos BCosmos C&zL!bN!#HL'xyxjkj " p㉀" À8<@DHD:DeltaDiamantM!/O!#0:'xyxjkj  J"&*.26H:H1 & H24bN!+!#Hh'xyxjkj " "0#TX\`dI:ISAS vehicles/O!+!I!ISRO vehicles /O!!#0@'xyxjkj  9+S,048<L:Long March%+!!#TJ'xyxjkj " JC($ 4:>BFM:MolniyaMu1!Ղ!#Tb'xyxjkj " J($JLPVZ^N:N1 & N2NASDA vehicles+!!#HV'xyxjkj  GKT"㉓g6#FJNRP:PegasusProtonPSLVՂ!!#<:'xyxjkj " mK &*.26R:RokotOT!ޅ!#Ɓ'xyxjkj " g'K( ゜P(<<}(T#(jK(aK(K\S:ScoutSemiorkaShavitSLV 3SoyuzStartSTS-!ӆ!#`Z'xyxjkj " 㻦ʼn("+"6ELJNRVT:TaurusThorTitan'ޅ!!#TN'xyxjkj " kQR(&\8<BFJV:VanguardVLSӆ!!#<:'xyxjkj " 'CM $(.26Z:Zenit&!!# G !!' @ World Launch Vehicle OverviewR!!#\\6`VehicleFirst launchLEO capacity (kg)GTO capacity (kg)Comments !!#\\ A!d!#\\( 248<@(BCIS (Sheldon / DoD)Detailed soviet chart hereA!7!#\\"゜P.0HTXZSemiorka (A / SL1)4 Oct 195713002-stage (--> 1958)Ed!!#\\"゜P(*X\`bLuna (A1 / SL2)(Aug 1958)2 Jan 19593-stage (--> 1960)67!׍!#l\\"゜P,.HTXZVostok (A1 / SL3)15 May 196047003-stage j!!#\\"゜P02fj(jQvl?Molniya (A2e / SL6)(10 Oct 1960)4 Feb 19611600 (THEO)4-stage, Molniya or Prognoz orbitP׍!!#\\"r,梀02LVZ\Cosmos B (B1 / SL7)16 Mar 19624502-stage (--> 1977), 144 launches7!!#n\\"゜P!!I!.0JVZ\Voskhod (A2 / SL4)16 Nov 196355003-stage4!W!#h\\(*DPTVCosmos (C1 / SL8)18 Aug 196414002-stageA!*!#\\"㉓g*,FTXZProton (D / SL9)16 Jul 1965125002-stage (--> 1968)=W!!#z\\,.HLPRCosmos (F1r / SL11)17 Sep 19662-stage (--> 1971)5*!!#j\\"゜P*,FRVXSoyuz (A2 / SL4)28 Nov 196675003-stage>!!#|\\"㉓g02LPhjProton (D1e / SL12)10 Mar 19674600 (GEO)4-stage6!L!#l\\,.HTXZCosmos (F1m / SL11)27 Oct 196740002-stage>!!#|\\"$BFJLN1 (G / SL15?)(21 Feb 1969)Lunar vehicle launcher8L!!#p\\"㉓g.0JX\^Proton (D1 / SL13)16 Nov 1968200003-stage:!!#t\\"46P\`bCyclone 3 (F2 / SL14)24 Jun 197755003-stage7!u!#n\\"'CM,.HVZ\Zenit (J1 / SL16)21 Jun 1985150002-stageY!Z!#耲\\,.HXrtEnergia (K1 / SL17)15 May 198714000018000 (GEO)shuttle, 2 successful flights)u!!#R\\"aK0:>@Start25 Mar 19935005-stage2Z!!#d\\"mK0<@BRokot26 Dec 199418503-stage (RS18K)!!#6\\ $02Sea Launch5400 !!#\\ !!#:\\(㹌ל&(,046United StatesX!!#\\"kQRNVZ\Vanguard(6 Dec1957)17 Mar 1958253-stage (--> 1959), 3 successful flights2!t!#d\\.6:<Juno 131 Jan 1958404-stage (--> 1959)L!S!#\\"=vT^bdThor Able(17 Aug 1958)11 Oct 19582003-stage (--> Thor Delta)1t!"#b\\,48:Juno 26 Dec 1958504-stS!"I!age (--> 1961)3S!"#f\\"0<@BAtlas18 Dec 19581300Mercury launcher?""#~\\"#* :FJLThor Agena28 Feb 195910002-stage (--> LTT Agena)8"|"#p\\"㰭=H >BFHAtlas Able(26 Nov 1959)3-stage (--> 1960)I"X"#\\"mO{ "XdhjAtlas Agena(26 Feb 1960)24 May 196023002-stage (--> 1978)9|"#"#r\\"Gi4$&@DHJThor Ablestar13 Apr 19602-stage (--> 1965)FX""#\\"p VZ^`Thor Delta(13 May 1960)18 Aug 19603-stage, (--> Delta)>#""#|\\"g'KJNRTScout(4 Dec 1960)16 Feb 19614-stage (--> 1994)Q""#\\"yj$&ZfrtAtlas Centaur(8 May 1962)16 Feb 1961560022504-stage (--> Atlas 2)8"u"#p\\2>BDSaturn 129 Jan 196468002/3-stage (--> 1965)4";"#h\\"^]4@DFTitan 208 Apr 19643500Gemini launcherBu" "#\\"^]RVZ\Titan 3A(01 Sep 1964)10 Dec 19643-stage (--> 1965)N;" "#\\$^]8FRTTitan 3C18 Jun 19651130045003-stage + boosters (--> Titan 34D)5 " "#j\\4BFHSaturn 1B05 Jul 196612900Apollo launcherG " "#\\$^]6BZ\Titan 3B29 Jul 19663500700 (THEO)3-stage (--> Titan 34B); " "#v\\$#* "<HLNLTTAT Agena09 Aug 196620002-stage (--> 1972)< "N "#x\\2BFHSaturn 509 Nov 1967140000Lunar vehicle launcherI "0"#\\$^]6DHJTitan 3D15 Jun 1971130003-stage + boosters (--> Titan 34D)EN ""#\\$p :FPRDelta 29xx09 Nov 197220007202/3-stage (--> Delta 39xx)?0" @"#~\\$p :>JLDelta 39xx13 Dec 197512502/3 stage (--> Delta 2)" @"I!C"@"#&\\"K\㥜2@ Titan 4)=@"B"#z\\"p"$>JVXDelta-2 69xx14 Feb 198940001400Interim Delta 2>A"yC"#|\\"^]4BNPTitan 414 Jun 19891770055002/3-stage + boosters6B"AD"#l\\"GKT2<@BPegasus5 Apr 1990400air launched rocket.yC"E"#\\\"p"$>JVXDelta-2 79xx26 Nov 199050001610/AD"E"#^\\"yj2>JLAtlas 27 Dec 1991640027002-stage1E"F"#b\\"yj6BNPAtlas 2A10 Jun 1992680029002-stage=E"TG"#z\\"yj8DPRAtlas 2AS16 Dec 1993840036002-stage + boosters+F"H"#V\\"㻦ŀ2>BDTaurus13 Mar 199414004-stage<TG"H"#x\\"GKT >HLNPegasus XL(27 Jun 1994)455air launched rocket/H"I"#^\\"bnW":FJLAthena 1(15 Aug 1995)10003-stage0H"bJ"#`\\"x<HLNConestoga(23 Oct 1995)21004-stage-I"K"#Z\\2@FHTitan 4B23 Feb 199722000?4-stage!bJ"K"#B\\$0<>Delta 31998?83463810K"oL"#6\\ ,02Eagle1999?1300K"M"#6\\ $02Atlas 2AR?4037oL"M"#,\\"&(Titan 2S?M"eN"#6\\&,02Titan 4SRMU?M"O"#:\\"GKT$&,046Pegasus Turbo?)eN"O"#R\\ $&Atlas 3?it uses RD180 engine O"n"#\\O"n"I! O""#,\\(㱭+"&(France7n""#n\\"À8@DFDiamant A26 Nov 1965803-stage (--> 1967)9""#r\\$À :DHJDiamant B10 Mar 19701153-stage (--> 1973)9""#r\\$À ":DHJDiamant BP46 Feb 19751503-stage (--> 1975)"9"#\\ ""#*\\(b $&JapanO9"Ņ"#\\" T\`bLambda-4S(26 Sep 1966)11 Feb 1970204-stage, 1 successful flightA""#\\" LTXZMu-4S(25 Sep 1970)16 Feb 1971753-stage (--> 1972)3Ņ"^"#f\\" 08<>Mu-3C16 Feb 1974853-stage (--> 1976)-""#Z\\"J(,02N19 Sep 19753-stage (--> 1982)4^""#h\\" 0:>@Mu-3H19 Feb 19771003-stage (--> 1979)5""#j\\" 2<@BMu-3S117 Feb 19812003-stage (--> 1984)1"m"#b\\"J*.8:N211 Feb 19813503-stage (--> 1987)""!"#D\\" 0:>@Mu-3S28 Jan 19854006m""#l\\"J*6BDH113 Aug 1986320011003-stage (--> 1995)D!""#\\"J(6^`H23 Feb 1994105004000 (2000 to GEO)2-stage + boosters/""#^\\" .:>@Mu 512 Feb 19971800solid 3-stage`"m"#\\  ",02J1exp. 1996870solid 3-stageconsist of H2 strap-on first stage + 2 stages of Mu-3S2("!"#P\\ $(46H2Aexp. 19994000$85 million m""#\\ !"p"#*\\(6""p"I! $&China@"B"#\\"9+S$&BNRTLong March 1Dno launches?1000liquid/solid 3-stageGp"/"#\\$9+S$&\`dfLong March 1(01 Nov 1969)24 Apr 19703-stage (--> 1971)=B""#z\\$9+S$&DHLNLong March 2A(05 Nov 1974)No successful flight6/""#l\\$9+S.268FB 110 Aug 19722-stage (LEO) (--> 1981)O""#\\"9+S&(BNfhLong March 2C26 Nov 197525001000 + PKMliquid 2-stage14 success<""#x\\"9+S"$>JVXLong March 329 Jan 198450001400liquid 3-stage7"Z"#n\\"9+S"$<HLNLong March 46 Sep 19884000liquid 3-stage["G"#\\"9+S$&@LjlLong March 2E16 Jul 199092003370 with PKMliquid 2-stage + 4 liquid strap-ons:Z""#t\\"9+S$&@NRTLong March 2D9 Aug 19923300liquid 2-stage<G""#x\\"9+S$&>JVXLong March 3A8 Feb 199472002500liquid 2-stage}""#\\"9+S$&DHTVLong March 3B(14 Feb 1996)4800liquid 3-stage + 4 liquid strap-onsconsist of Long March 3A with 4 2E strap-ons y""#\\"9+S$&<@LNLong March 3Cexp. 19973700liquid 3-stage + 2 liquid strap-onsconsist of Long March 3A with 2 2E strap-ons ""#\\ "G"#:\\*R׀*.26United KingdomO"1"#\\$Xـ "VZ^`Black Arrow(1 Sep 1970)28 Oct 19713-stageOne successful flightG""#\\ 1""#0\\(4" &*,Europe:"d"#t\\ >BFHEuropa 1 F8(30 Nov 1968)No successful flight6"9##l\\6:>@Europa 2d"9#I!(05 Nov 1971)No successful flight;d"##v\\"%+:@LNAriane 124 Dec 197917003-stage (--> 1986)99###r\\"C+6<HJAriane 34 Aug 198425803-stage + boosters/###^\\"C+8>JLAriane 230 May 198620653-stage0#s##`\\"$ D+BNZ\Ariane 4, 44LP15 Jun 198883004030.#3##\\\ "2D+>JVXAriane 4, 44L4 Jun 1989960044605s###j\\ 6D+>JVXAriane 4, 4022 Jan 1990490020203-stage/3###^\\ "fD+@LXZAriane 4, 42P20 Nov 199061002740.#{##\\\ "_D+>JVXAriane 4, 44P4 Apr 199169003290/#<##^\\ "D+@LXZAriane 4, 42L12 May 199374003350O{###\\8HTVAriane 5exp. Apr 1996180006800liquid 2-stage + 2 solid strap-ons <###\\ #` ##*\\(&€ $&IndiaA#4 ##\\"#LTXZSLV 3(10 Aug 1979)18 Jul 1980404-stage (--> 1983)[` #" ##\\"#JTXZASLV(24 Mar 1987)20 May 1992150solid 4-stage + 2 solid strap-ons (--> 1994)X4 # ##\\"#JVZ\PSLV(20 Sep 1993)15 Oct 19943000solid/liquid 4-stage + 2 solid strap-ons"" # ##D\\&2>@GSLVlate 199780002500 #T ##\\  # ##,\\(ΝE"&(Israel2T ###d\\"<}f6@DFShavit19 Sep 1988150solid 3-stage #j##\\#)@##0\\(7 &*,j#)@#I!Brazil&j#@##L\\"\0BFHVLS(2 Nov 1997)350 kg&)@# A## G@#TA#1+ BH TA#A##Soviet launch vehiclesS A#A#5 :> " Soviet launch vehicles;TA#A#* $" >ɀGunter Krebs&A#B## AA#B##6n"$46LjlSheldon / DodNameArticleDesignationCommentB#C##8n&24A / SL1R78K71BB#D##<n.06JLA / SL1Sputnik?8K71PSfor the first 2 SputniksJC#E##*n,.6DFA / SL2Sputnik?8A91for Sputnik (3) failure and Sputnik-3D#jF##*$n  [E#rG##*n@BJXZA1 / SL3Vostok L (Luna?)?8Kxxfor early Lunas and the first Korabl-SputnikGjF#fH##*n02:JLA1 / SL3Vostok K?8KxxKfor Korabl-Sputniks and Vostoks ZrG#sI##6n,.6DF3xAA1 / SL3Vostok?8A92for Cosmos series (Zenit) spysats and early MeteorsCfH#cJ##*n02:JLA1 / SL3Vostok M?8A92Mfor sunsynchronous missionssI#"K##*$n  NcJ#L##*n.08LNA2 / SL4Voskhod?11A57 ?for the first missons and for Voskhod8"K#M##*pn*,4FHA2 / SL4Soyuz?11A511for Soyuz capsules)L#M##*Rn.08LNA2 / SL4Soyuz M?11A511M ]M#N##*n.08LNA2 / SL4Soyuz L?11A511Lto lift Cosmos 398 class Lunar lander tests into LEOPM#O##*n.08LNA2 / SL4Soyuz U?11A511Uthe current model for unmanned missions-zN###6nO## A#02:PR-xA2 / SL4Soyuz U2?11A511U2the current version for manned missions (and possibly for Kuban type spysats)O#ׁ##*$n  ?#Â##*~n02:HJA2e / SL6Molniya?8K78was used only until 1966;ׁ###*vn46>NPA2e / SL6Molniya M?8K78Mthe current modelÂ#j##*$n  C#Z##*n<>FVXAe / SL5Sputnik-Polyot?11A??Polyot launch vehiclej###*$n  CZ# ##*n&(0BDA1m / SL10??11A510Cosmos 125 / 102 launch vehicle#ȇ##*$n  2 ###*dn"$,:<B1 / SL7??63S1difference unknown:ȇ###*tn02:JLB1 / SL7Cosmos 2?11K63difference unknown#M##*$n  /#)##*^n"$,:<C1 / SL8??65S1Tyuratam launch7M# ##*nn02:JLC1 / SL8Cosmos 3?11K65Tyuratam launchJ)###*n24<NPC1 / SL8Cosmos 3M?11K65MKapustin Yar and Plesetsk launch #Í##*$n  @###6n"㉓g.0@NPD / SL9ProtonUR5008K82two stage test versionKÍ###6n"㉓g68JZ\D1 / SL13Proton KUR500K8K82Kthree stage version for LEOb###6n## A#"㉓gHJnD1e / SL12Proton K Block DUR-500K Block D11S824for early interplanetary probesX###*n"㉓gJLp~D1e / SL12Proton K Block DMUR-500K Block DM11S86for early GEO missions `###*n"㉓gLNtD1e / SL12Proton K Block DM2UR-500K Block DM211S861uprated version of Block DM*}###*n"㉓gNPxD1e / SL12Proton K Block DM2MUR-500K Block DM2M11S861-01lightwight version of Block DM2 for higher payloads### n "###Dn$&8>@G1e / SL15N1 / L3?I###n$&BHJG1e / SL15N1 / L3 (7L)LN-1 L3 (7L) had different boattail#8## n +# ##Vn$&4@BF1r / SL11R36-08K69for FOBS28###*dn"HJP^`F1m / SL11Cyclone M (or 2)?11K69* ###*Tn"8:@NPF2 / SL14Cyclone 3?11K68#w## n &#D##Ln028FHJ1 / SL16Zenit 2?11K77w### n #D###Fn24:@BK1 / SL17Energiya??$##" 1##1 #m#q $S0#m## `needs sorting! (preparing new launcher items)2 ##' O Med Liteem#'## made from a Taurus launcher with a Pegasus XL at the top! Should start in 1998 with SAC C and EO 13 #Z#'  Cosmos 3M'# #$ Cosmos 3M, built by PO Polyot of Omsk, is derived from the R-14 (NATO designation SS-5) IRBM built originally by the Yangel design bureau.1 Z#<#' O Delta 3 #$% McDonnell Douglas announced plans for private development of Delta III, based on an anchor-customer contract for 10+ launches (including the first, in early 1<#$#998) from Hughes. D3 will be capable of about 4.2 tons to GTO (roughly twice the current Delta payload). LEO payload about 9.2 tons. D3 is an odd configuration. The strap-on solids get a bit longer and fatter, and three (out of nine) acquire vectoring nozzles. The first stage mostly stays the same diameter, but shortly above the solid strap-ons, it bulges out to 13.1ft dia. The first-stage fuel tank is above the bulge. More important, the 13.1ft dia continues upward, with a completely new LH2/LOX second stage and a new wide payload fairing. The engine for the second stage has not yet been chosen, but it will be an existing Western engine. D3 design will emphasize proven technology and maximum use of existing Delta hardware.<# $$ Much attention on the new second stage. Some have claimed it's an H-2 second stage -- especially since McDD has a long history of work with Mitsubishi on the major Japanese launchers -- but McDD says no: "frankly, it's too expensive" (although use of some Japanese hardware is possible). Others claim it's going to be a single-engine Centaur, but McDD doesn't like Centaur's balloon tanks or its common bulkhead, and says D3 will have neither (although it will probably use Centaur's insulation scheme).0 $<$'  ProtonT0 $$$ aShould be replaced by the Angara booster The first stage will use the same kerosene-LOX four-engine cluster as Zenit; the second stage will use a single Energia-derived LH2-LOX engine. The configuration is rather odd: a cylindrical center body reminiscent of a Zenit (holding the fuel), with a pair of large drop tanks slung on the outside of each stage to hold the LOX. The initial configuration will launch 26t into a 63deg orbit from Plesetsk (slightly more than Proton from Baikonur); a third stage (LH2-LOX) will be added to put 4.5t payloads into GSO.<$@$$ There is talk of an Angara offshoot using a modified second stage air-launched from an An-124, launching 6t into 51deg at about $1500/kg.0 $p$'  Burlak@$q $$ Russian project of LEO launcher released from a bomber. Burlak will be a wingless two-stage liquid-fuel vehicle, derived from (unspecified) missile technology. Payload to LEO would be up to 800kg at perhaps $5000/kg. 1p$ $1W $ $ $T+q $ $) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register& $ $# 7 $S $1i1)FU S $ $$ArianeC $ $5 :1U" ArianeDS $ $* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra% $ $2 2 /European launch vehicle program operated by Arianespace.After the failure of the Europa 1/2 program, the ELDO was to design a totally new Europa 3. This launcher was to have a first stage L150 with stockable propellant powered by 4 Viking motors from SEP and a second cryogenic stage H20 equipped with a hight pressure HM-20 motor from Cryorocket. This project was found too risky both technically and financially especially by Germany which wanted to focus on the construction of Spacelab.! $ $% In 1972 the CNES proposed to built a launcher with the same performance but using only European tested technology like the low-pressure cryogenic propulsion. This project designed L-IIIS (substitution third generation launcher) was to use an H6 cryogenic top stage with a HM-4 motor designed by SEP. The poor performance of the H6 compared to the H20 required the use of two base stages, on L140 (reduced version of the Europa 3 L150) and an L33 (featuring a single Viking motor adapted to altitude use). $&A$' In December 1972 the 5th European Space Conference ended on 3 agreements: creation of a European Space Agency (ESA to replace both ELDO and ESRO) and the start of the L-IIIS and Space $&A$ $lab.The following year the L-IIIS project was further precised (increased propellant of the H6 to become H8 and replacement of the 4-chamber HM-4 by a single-nozzle HM-7) and changed denomination: Ariane. The CNES granted Aerospatiale as the industrial architect of the project.2 $XA$'  Ariane 1nJ&A$D$$ The first Ariane version was a 208-ton launcher (without payload) of 47.4 m high. The first stage (L140) was 3.8 m diameter, 18.4 m high, containing 147.6 tons propellant (NTO + UDMH). It was powered by a set of 4 Viking 5 motors which fired during 146 seconds, providing 2485 kN thrust at takeoff (Isp = 247 s) and 2770 kN in vacuum (Isp = 278 s). The second stage (L33) was 2.6 m diameter for 11.6 m high. It was loaded with 34.2 tons propellant identical to first stage. It's Viking 4 motor provided 723 kN thrust (Isp = 296 s) during 138 seconds. The top stage (H8) of same diameter was 9.1 m high. It's cryogenic motor HM-7 developped 61.3 kN thrust (Isp = 441 s) and consumned 8.2 tons liquid oxygen and hydrogen in 545 seconds. The first and third stage were assembled in France by Aerospatiale, the second stage in Germany by ERNO.tPXA$:E$$ Ariane was optimized for launches in GTO to which it could deliver 1750 kg. 6D$pE$' O Ariane 2 & 3i:E$ H$4 6  As soon as 1977 the CNES started enhancing the performance of the launcher. The first derivatives named Ariane 2 & 3 had the following characteristics:- On the two first stages: enhancement of the thrust of the Viking 4 and 5 by increasing the pressure of the combustion chamber and replacement of UDMH by UH25 (75% UDMH and 25% hydrazine hydrate). The combustion duration where then respectively 135 and 123 seconds.- On the third stage: lengthening by 1.3 m of the tanks (10.7 tons propellant on this new H10) and increased specific impulsion of the motor (HM-7B). The combustion duration was then 720 s.pE$I$/ ,u - Extension of the payload volumeThe Ariane 3 version had also two additional solid booster: 8 m high, 1.07 m diameter, 9.7 tons (including 7.3 tons solid propellant: Flexadyne). Each booster provided 666 kN thrust during 28 s. They were manufactured by BPD in Italy.The two launchers were 48.7 high. Ariane 2 weighed 212 tons at takeoff while Ariane 3 weighed 230 tons. The payload weights then reached 2065 kg and 2580 kg in GTO. 2 H$(J$' O Ariane 4"I$JM$& The construction of a series of launchers named Ariane 4 with enhanced performance was decided in 1981. Those launchers are directly derived from the previous version, retaining the 3 stages and lengthening the first one and addition solid and/or liquid boosters.The first stage of Ariane 4 named L220 is 23.2 m high. It transports 227 tons propellant identical to Ariane 2/3. It is still powered by a set of Viking 5 motors (version C) which provide during 205 seconds 2710 kN thrust at takeoff (3010 kN in vacuum, Isp = 278 s). The two other stages are those of Ariane 2/3 with a reinforced structure. The 3rd stage has been lengthened twice giving the H10+ (11 tons propellant) and H10-3 (11.8 tons propellant) versions. The latter burns during 13 minutes.jE(J$O$% The flexibility of Ariane 4 is due to the adaptation of the payload by addition of boosters on the first stage. Those are of 2 types: PAP (solid) and PAL (liquid). The PAPs are a enhancement of the Ariane 3 boosters. They are 12 m high, weigh 12.6 tons (including 9.5 tons powder) and provide 650 kN thrust (Isp = 224 s) during 36 seconds. The PALs are built by MBB/ERNO. They are 19 m high, 2.2 m diameter, weigh 43.5 tons (39 tons of the same propellant as the first stage). Their Viking 6 motor fires during 143 seconds and provides 678 kN at ground level, 752 kN in vacuum.JM$$* "The possible configurations are:O$$ $- Ariane 40: no boosters- Ariane 42: 2 boosters, 42P with 2 PAP and 42L with 2 PAL- Ariane 44: 4 boosters, 44P with 4 PAP, 44L with 4 PAL, 44LP with 2 PAP and 2 PALThe launcher's height ranges from 54.1 m to 58.4 m depending on the cap used. Its mass ranges from 243 tons (Ariane 40) to 480 tons (Ariane 44L) and the GTO performance from 2020 kg to 4460 kg. Ariane 4 should remain in active service until the end of the century.2 O$$' O Ariane 5{$$D VELK\J  The launch of the Ariane 5 program was decided by ESA members in November 1987 following an initial study launched in early 1985. Built with Aerospatiale as prime contractor, Ariane 5 is totally different from the previous Arianes in terms of architecture. It's configuration is closer to Titan or STS or H2. Like those launchers, Ariane 5 has got a main body with liquid propulstion and 2 large solid boosters.The EAP (Etage d'Acclration Poudre, acceleration solid stage) is composed of two MPS (Moteurs Propulsion Solide, solid propulsion motors) also named P230 built by Europropulsion (a 50/50 groupement of SEP (France) and BDP (Italy)). Each MPS is 27 m high and 3 m diameter and weighs 267 tons including 237 tons of propellant (3 PBHT segments). They provide 6 MN thrust at takeoff (ISp = 273 s) and work during 123 s before being jettisonned at 56 km altitude. $͈$1 0  The main body is made of an EPC (Etage Principal Cryotechnique, cryogenic main stage) and an ETS (Etage Propergols Stockables, stockable propellant stage). The EPC is 30.5 m high and 5.4 m diameter. It is propulsed by a Vulcain flux-derived motor from SEP. It's thrust is 880 kN at ground level and reaches 1130 kN in vacuum (ISp = 430 s). The MPS are ignited only after the Vulcain motor has prooved to be working properly; it then burns 131 tons of LOX and 26 tons of LH2 within 600 seconds. The EPS alias L9 uses 9.7 tons of conventional ergols (NTP and MMH-H) and care for the precise orbital release. It is equipped with a MBB-ERNO (DASA group) Aestus motor of 28 kN thrust in vacuum than can work 1150 seconds and can be re-ignited.$$% With the equipment compartment and the cap (2 different versions are available) Ariane 5 is 45.7 to 55.9 m high. It weighs 710 tons. It's capacity to GTO is 6.8 tons with one satellite or 5.9 tons with 2 satellites or 5.5 tons with 3. ;͈$$' ( Ariane statisticsX$$#C  2 P  TypeFirst launchLast launchLEO/GTO capacity (kg)Number of launches=$$#zC %+(C+FVX124 Dec 197922 Feb 1986/ 170011 (2 failures):$Œ$#tC C+(;D+DTV230 May 19862 Apr 1989/ 20656 (1 failure);$$#vC C+&3D+DTV34 Aug 198412 Jul 1989/ 258011 (1 failure)5Œ$b$#jC  6D+*~g&\Hbd4022 Jan 199024 Mar 19984900 / 20206C$=$#C fD+,}g&\Jdf42P20 Nov 199027 Feb 19986100 / 274010 (1 failure)6b$$#lC _D+*g&\Hbd44P4 Apr 199128 Apr 19986900 / =$$ $3290136=$$#lC D+,{g&\Jdf42L12 May 199322 Dec 19977400 / 33506C$$#C D+.|g&\Jdf44LP15 Jun 19884 Feb 19988300 / 403020 (1 failure)B$$#C 2D+*yg&\Hbd44L4 Jun 198912 Nov 19979600 / 446022 (1 failure)D$$#C" E+((xg&\Jhj54 Jun 199630 Oct 199718000 / 68002 (1 failure)&$$# ;$$' ( Motor performance$$ #{ 4IczkOz]2zO0LȀ$ 2 ZTypeFirst launch4 Viking 54 Viking 5 Thrust (kN)4 Viking 5 Isp (s)Viking 4Viking 4 Thrust (kN)Viking 4 Isp (s)HM7HM7 Thrust (kN)HM7 Isp (s)@$$# 4IczkOz]2zO4JPZd j v11979A2485s/2770v247s/278vA723296-61.34419$$#r 4IczkOz]2zO 8<BLV \ h2/31984B2690s/2980vB785296B62.8445.$$#\ 4IczkOz]2zO48>DJ P V41988C2710s/3010vB--B--&$$# <$W$' *O External resourcesi;$$. ,vhttp://www.arianespace.com/http://www.go-ariane.com/1W$$1U $g%%X%$I$3 6J2! Ariane[launch vehicle index] $g%#Ά% ,%+&+'+(+)+*+++,+gE+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+D+& D+D+ D+ D+ D+ D+ D+D+D+;D+2D+3D+4D+5D+6D+7D+8D+9D+:D+fD+&]D+^D+_D+`D+aD+bD+cD+dD+eD+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+( D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+D+E+., E+ E+ E+ E+ E+E+E+E+E+=E+4E+5E+6E+7E+8E+9E+:E+;E+ 1056 kgr$A%A%N#lH*ڰ_vcTPayloadA: Marecs AB: Cat 4:rA%B%$ ,First night launch; A%YB%1JoJYB%B%@E%Ariane L05GB%B%5 :&1U" Ariane L051 YB%B%'  Generalh'B%9C%A#RNLaunch date10 Sep 1982 at 01:12 UTWB%C%A#R,Launch siteKourouK 9C%C%A#RType1YC%4D%A#R0Payload mass1476 kgo!C%D%N#lB*ʴUdBPayloadMarecs B1Sirio 2y54D%E%D#Xj  Failure cause3rd stage motor turbo pump failure$D%@E%" ; E%{E%1JZJ{E%E%xH%Ariane L06G@E%E%5 :&1U" Ariane L061 {E%E%'  GeneralTE%GF%A#R&Launch id83058h'E%F%A#RNLaunch date16 Jun 1983 at 11:59 UTWGF%G%A#R,Launch siteKourouK F%QG%A#RType1YG%G%A#R0Payload mass1205 kgy+QG%#H%N#lV*نu쉂PayloadA: Eutelsat 1F1B: Oscar 10U1G%xH%$ bFirst successful launch with the Sylda system; #H%H%1oJJH%H%jK%Ariane L07GxH%H%5 :&1U" Ariane L071 H%+I%'  GeneralTH%I%A#R&Launch id83105h'+I%I%A#RNLaunch date18 Oct 1983 at 23:54 UTWI%>J%A#R,Launch siteKourouK I%J%A#RType1Y>J%J%A#R0Payload mass1870 kgdJ%FK%G#^:\ĉPayloadA: Intelsat 507$J%jK%" ; FK%K%1ZJJK%K%[N%Ariane L08GjK%K%5 :&1U" Ariane L081 K%L%'  GeneralTK%qL%A#R&Launch id84023g&L%L%A#RLLaunch date5 Mar 1984 at 00:50 UTWqL%/M%A#R,Launch siteKourouK L%zM%A#RType1Y/M%M%A#R0Payload mass1900 kgdzM%7N%G#^:]ĉPayloadA: Intelsat 508$M%[N%" ; 7N%N%1JeKN%N%s%Ariane V09G[N%N%5 :&1U" Ariane V091 N%O%'  GeneralTN%bO%A#R&Launch id84049\O%O%A#R6Launch date22 May 1984WbO%!%A#R,O%!%[N%Launch siteKourouK O%l%A#RType1Y!%ŀ%A#R0Payload mass1195 kgbl%'%G#^6ZIzPayloadA: Spacenet 1L(ŀ%s%$ PFirst launch operated by Arianespace; '%%1J<K%%%Ariane V10Gs%%5 :&1U" Ariane V101 %&%'  GeneralT%z%A#R&Launch id84081j)&%%A#RRLaunch date4 Aug 1984 at 11:32:54 UTWz%;%A#R,Launch siteKourouK %%A#RType3Y;%߃%A#R0Payload mass2395 kg{-%Z%N#lZ*چ ePayloadA: Eutelsat 1F2B: Telecom 1A=߃%%$ 2First Ariane 3 launch; Z%҄%1#eK!K҄%% %Ariane V11G%%5 :&1U" Ariane V111 ҄%J%'  GeneralT%%A#R&Launch id84114h'J%%A#RNLaunch date10 Nov 1984 at 01:14 UTW%]%A#R,Launch siteKourouK %%A#RType3Y]%%A#R0Payload mass2251 kgx*%y%N#lT*[Iz˴UPayloadA: Spacenet 2B: Marecs B2n*%%D#XT GTO200/36.022 km, inclination: 7.01$y% %" ; %F%1<KKF%%%Ariane V12G %%5 :&1U" Ariane V121 F%%'  GeneralT%%A#R&Launch id85015[%m%A#R4Launch date8 Feb 1985W%ĉ%A#R,Launch siteKourouK m%%A#RType3Yĉ%h%A#R0Payload mass2310 kg{-%%N#lZ*4鉂bPayloadA: Arabsat 1AB: Brasilsat A1$h%%" ; %B%1!KKB%% %Ariane V13G%%5 :&1U" Ariane V131 B%%'  GeneralT%%A#R&Launch id85035g&%u%A#RLLaunch date8 May 1985 at 00:15 UTW%̌%A#R,Launch siteKourouK u%%A#RType3Y̌%p%A#R0Payload mass2480 kgv(%%N#lP*:TePayloadA: GStar 1B: Telecom 1B$p% %" ; %E%1 KK E%%Q%Ariane V14G %%5 :&1U" Ariane V141 E%%'  GeneralT%%A#R&Launch id85056[%l%A#R4Launch date2 Jul 1985W%Ï%A#R,Launch siteKourouK l%%A#RÏ%% %Type1XÏ%r%A#R.Payload mass960 kgr1%%A#RbPayloadESA's comet Halley interceptor GiottomIr%Q%$ Recovery of the first stage failed because the parachutes didn't open; %%1 KK %%%Ariane V15GQ%%5 :&1U" Ariane V151 %%'  General\%`%A#R6Launch date13 Sep 1985W%%A#R,Launch siteKourouK `%%A#RType3Y%[%A#R0Payload mass2380 kgu'%%N#lN*ۆ\IzPayloadEutelsat 1F3Spacenet 3s[%%D#X  Failure causeOne of the 3rd stage motors didn't switch on. President Mitterrand was there. It was Friday 13th$%%" ; %%1KK %-%%Ariane V16G%-%5 :&1U" Ariane V161 %^%'  GeneralT-%%A#R&Launch id86019k*^%%A#RTLaunch date22 Feb 1986 at 01:44:35 UTW%t%A#R,Launch siteKourouK %%A#RType1Yt%%A#R0Payload mass2438 kgq#%%N#lF*㥇1ĉPayloadA: Spot 1B: Vikinga%%$ First launch towards North to put the satellites on a polar orbit. Last launch of an Ariane 1; %I%1KyK I%%!%Ariane V17G%%5 :&1U" Ariane V171 I%%'  GeneralT%%A#R&Launch id86026\%q%A#R6Launch date28 Mar 1986W%%A#R,Launch siteKourouK q%%A#RType3Y%l%A#R0Payload mass2410 kgx*%%N#lT*;TbPayloadA: GStar 2B: Brasilsat A2=l%!%$ 2First launch on ELA 2; %\%1KjK \%%[%Ariane V18G!%%5 :&1U" Ariane V181 \%%'  Generalh'%<%A#RNLaunch date30 May 1986 at 00:53 UTW%%A#R,Launch siteKourouK <%%A#RType2Y%7%A#R0Payload mass1900 kga%%G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 514<7%%D#Xx  Failure causeOne the 3rd stage motors didn't switch onC%[%$ >First launch of an Ariane 2; %%1yKOL%%b&Ariane V19G[%%5 :&1U" Ariane V191 %%'  GeneralT%b%A#R&Launch id87078\%%A#R6Launch date16 Sep 1987Wb%!&A#R,%!&[%Launch siteKourouK %l&A#RType3Y!&&A#R0Payload mass2435 kgy+l&>&N#lV*_܆PayloadA: Optus A3B: Eutelsat 1F4$&b&" ; >&&1jKL&&C&Ariane V20Gb&&5 :&1U" Ariane V201 &&'  GeneralT&i&A#R&Launch id87095\&&A#R6Launch date21 Nov 1987Wi&&A#R,Launch siteKourouK &g&A#RType2Y&&A#R0Payload mass2144 kg_g&&G#^0mԐPayloadA: Tvsat 1$&C&" ; &~&1$OLL~&&&Ariane V21GC&&5 :&1U" Ariane V211 ~&&'  GeneralT&J&A#R&Launch id88018h'&&A#RNLaunch date11 Mar 1988 at 23:28 UTWJ& &A#R,Launch siteKourouK &T&A#RType3Y &&A#R0Payload mass2405 kgz,T&'&N#lX*dePayloadA: Spacenet 3RB: Telecom 1Cm)&&D#XR GTO202/36087 km, inclination: 7.03$'&&" ; &&1LL&:& &Ariane V22G&:&5 :&1U" Ariane V221 &k&'  GeneralT:&&A#R&Launch id88040h'k&' &A#RNLaunch date17 May 1988 at 00:58 UTW&~ &A#R,Launch siteKourouK ' & &A#RType2Y~ &" &A#R0Payload mass1978 kgd & &G#^:ĉPayloadA: Intelsat 513Y" & &D#X* GTO463/35948 km$ & &" ; &> &1LL> & &D&Ariane V23G & &5 :&1U" Ariane V231 > & &'  GeneralT & &A#R&Launch id88051\ &f &A#R6Launch date15 Jun 1988W & &A#R,Launch siteKourouQf & &A#R Type4, 44LPR &` &A#R"Payload mass9 & &U#zr8ѵan쉂@hPayloadA: Meteosat 3B: Oscar 13C: Panamsat 1V1` &D&% bFirst launch of Ariane 4with cyclade adapter; &&1;LuL&&A&Ariane V24GD&&5 :&1U" Ariane V241 &&'  GeneralT&K&A#R&Launch id88063h'&&A#RNLaunch date21 Jul 1988 at 23:12 UTWK&@&A#R,Launch site&@&D&KourouK &a@&A#RType3Y@&@&A#R0Payload mass2337 kgy+a@&3A&N#lV*uG@c݆PayloadA: Insat 1CB: Eutelsat 1F5j&@&A&D#XL GTO198/35993 km, inclination: 7$3A&A&" ; A&A&1L(LA&CB&D&Ariane V25GA&CB&5 :&1U" Ariane V251 A&tB&'  GeneralTCB&B&A#R&Launch id88081g&tB&/C&A#RLLaunch date8 Sep 1988 at 23:00 UTWB&C&A#R,Launch siteKourouK /C&C&A#RType3YC&*D&A#R0Payload mass2511 kgq#C&D&N#lF*TPayloadA: Superbird A1B: DFS 1$&&" ; &&1+MM&.&͊&Ariane V32G&.&5 :&1U" Ariane V321 &_&'  GeneralT.&&A#R&Launch id89053h'_&&A#RNLaunch date12 Jul 1989 at 00:14 UTW&r&A#R,Launch siteKourouK &&A#RType3Yr&&A#R0Payload mass2595 kg_&u&G#^0vtމPayloadA: OlympusX4&͊&$ hLast launch of an Ariane 3 and last use of ELA 1; u&&1MhM&O&ɍ&Ariane V33G͊&O&5 :&1U" Ariane V331 &&'  GeneralTO&ԋ&A#R&Launch id89062[&/&A#R4Launch date8 Aug 1989Wԋ&&A#R,Launch siteKourouQ/&׌&A#R Type4, 44LPY&0&A#R0Payload mass3284 kgu'׌&&N#lN*mԐPayloadA: Tvsat 2B: Hipparcos$0&ɍ&" ; &&1M6M&K&(&Ariane V34Gɍ&K&5 :&1U" Ariane V341 &|&'  GeneralTK&Ў&A#R&Launch id89087h'|&8&A#RNLaunch date27 Oct 1989 at 23:05 UTWЎ&&A#R,Launch siteKourouQ8&&A#R Type4, 44LPY&E&A#R0&E&ɍ&Payload mass4200 kgd&&G#^: ĉPayloadA: Intelsat 602[E&&D#X. GTO199.6/35965 km$&(&" ; &c&1hMMc&&&Ariane V35G(&&5 :&1U" Ariane V351 c&&'  GeneralT&/&A#R&Launch id90005h'&&A#RNLaunch date22 Jan 1990 at 01:35 UTW/&&A#R,Launch siteKourouO&=&A#RType4, 40Y&&A#R0Payload mass1990 kg`=&g&q#p㦇ϓF̉ГF̉eOU . UPayloadA: Spot 2B: Uosat 3C: Uosat 4D: PacsatE: DoveF: WebersatG: Lusatg&&* $ The ASAP 1 (Ariane Structure for Auxiliary Payload) structure which carries up to 200kg was used; g&3&16MvM3&z&,&Ariane V36G&z&5 :&1U" Ariane V361 3&&'  General\z&&A#R6Launch date22 Feb 1990W&^&A#R,Launch siteKourouP&&A#RType4, 44LY^&&A#R0Payload mass3782 kgq#&x&N#lF*`Sk7㉂PayloadSuperbird DYuri 2XL&&D#X  Failure causeA rag was forgotten in a water pipe for D motor's cooling$x&,&" ; &g&1MGM g&&&Ariane V37G,&&5 :&1U" Ariane V371 g&&'  GeneralT&3&A#R&Launch id90063\&&A#R6Launch date24 Jul 1990W3&&A#R,Launch siteKourouP&6&A#RType4, 44LY&&A#R0Payload mass4114 kgo!6&&N#lB*w~W˗>TPayloadA: TDF 2B: DFS 2j&&h&D#XL GTO300/35933 km, inclination: 4$&&" ; h&&1vM M!&&&Ariane V38G&&5 :&1U" Ariane V381 &?&'  GeneralT&&A#R&Launch id90079h'?&&A#RNLaunch date30 Aug 1990 at 22:46 UTW&R&A#R,Launch siteKourouQ&&A#R Type4, 44LPYR&&A#R0Payload mass3280 kgz,&v&N#lX* ȉPayloadA: Skynet 4CB: Eutelsat 2F1$&&" ; v&&1GMcN"&&'Ariane V39G&&5 :&1U" Ariane V391 &M&'  GeneralT&&A#R&Launch id90091\M& 'A#R6Launch date12 Oct 1990& '&W&c'A#R,Launch siteKourouP ''A#RType4, 44LYc' 'A#R0Payload mass4208 kgr$'~'N#lH*=HW`UPayloadA: Topex PoseidonB: Kitsat AC: S80TK'A''$ NASAP 3 carried the micro-satellites; ͈'S'1wOO0S'''Ariane V53G''5 :&1U" Ariane V531 S'ˉ''  GeneralT''A#R&Launch id92060\ˉ'{'A#R6Launch date10 Sep 1992W'Ҋ'A#R,Launch siteKourouQ{'#'A#R Type4, 44LP[Ҋ'~'A#R4Payload mass> 2120 kgy+#''N#lV*c͉s-PayloadA: Hispasat 1AB: Satcom C3$~''" ; 'V'1]OO1V'''Ariane V54G''5 :&1U" Ariane V541 V'Ό''  GeneralT'"'A#R&Launch id92072h'Ό''A#RNLaunch date28 Oct 1992 at 00:15 UTW"''A#R,Launch siteKourouP'1'A#RType4, 42PY''A#R0Payload mass2725 kg`1''G#^2=upPayloadA: Galaxy 7$''" ; 'I'1OvO2I'''Ariane V55G''5 :&1U" Ariane V551 I'''  GeneralT'!'A#R&'!''Launch id92084['|'A#R4Launch date1 Dec 1992W!''A#R,Launch siteKourouP|'#'A#RType4, 42PY'|'A#R0Payload mass2780 kgd#''G#^:OPayloadA: Superbird A2$|''" ; '?'1ORO3?''-'Ariane V56G''5 :&1U" Ariane V561 ?'''  GeneralT' 'A#R&Launch id93031k*'v'A#RTLaunch date12 May 1993 at 00:56:32 UTW ''A#R,Launch siteKourouPv''A#RType4, 42LY'v'A#R0Payload mass2854 kgs%''N#lJ*(~:PayloadA: Astra 1CB: ArsneD v'-'$ @Cyclade dual payload adapter; 'h'1vOO4h'' 'Ariane V57G-''5 :&1U" Ariane V571 h'''  GeneralT'4'A#R&Launch id93039h'''A#RNLaunch date25 Jun 1993 at 00:18 UTW4''A#R,Launch siteKourouP'C'A#RType4, 42PY''A#R0Payload mass2988 kg`C''G#^2:upPayloadA: Galaxy 4$' '" ; '['1+ROO5['''Ariane V58G ''5 :&1U" Ariane V581 ['''  GeneralT'''A#R&Launch id93048k*''A#RTLaunch date22 Jul 1993 at 22:58:55 UTW'''A#R,Launch siteKourouQ':'A#R Type4, 44LPY''A#R0Payload mass4020 kgx*:' 'N#lT*c͉G@cPayloadA: Hispasat 1BB: Insat 2Bm)'x'D#XR GTO200/35957 km, inclination: 6.96$ ''" ; x''1XO O6''E'Ariane V59G''5 :&1U" Ariane V591 'O''  GeneralT''A#R&Launch id93061h'O' 'A#RNLaunch date26 Sep 1993 at 01:45 UTW'b'A#R,Launch siteKourouO ''A#RType4, 40Yb' 'A#R0Payload mass2117 kgx''x#~㧇xټ |{3KBVPayloadA: Spot 3B: StellaC: EyesatD: ItamsatE: HealthsatF: ASAP 4 (22828)G: PosatH: Kitsat BK' 'E'$ NASAP 4 carried the micro-satellites; ''1OP7''Q(Ariane V60GE''5 :&1U" Ariane V601 ' ('  General' (E'T'`(A#R&Launch id93066h' ((A#RNLaunch date22 Oct 1993 at 06:46 UTW`((A#R,Launch siteKourouQ(p(A#R Type4, 44LPY((A#R0Payload mass3692 kgdp(-(G#^:ĉPayloadA: Intelsat 701$(Q(" ; -((1 O\P8((a(Ariane V61GQ((5 :&1U" Ariane V611 (('  GeneralT(X(A#R&Launch id93073h'((A#RNLaunch date20 Nov 1993 at 01:17 UTWX((A#R,Launch siteKourouQ(h(A#R Type4, 44LPY((A#R0Payload mass3500 kg|.h(=(N#l\*L2ԵaPayloadA: Solidaridad 1B: Meteosat 6$(a(" ; =((1PP9((g(Ariane V62Ga((5 :&1U" Ariane V621 (('  GeneralT(h(A#R&Launch id93078h'((A#RNLaunch date18 Dec 1993 at 01:27 UTWh('(A#R,Launch siteKourouP(w(A#RType4, 44LY'((A#R0Payload mass3940 kgs%w(C(N#lJ*~9TFˉPayloadA: DBS 1B: Thaicom 1$(g(" ; C((1\PP:(( (Ariane V63Gg((5 :&1U" Ariane V631 ( ('  Generalh'( (A#RNLaunch date24 Jan 1994 at 21:37 UTW ( (A#R,Launch siteKourouQ (* (A#R Type4, 44LPY ( (A#R0Payload mass3663 kgu'* ( (N#lN*lvmPayloadEutelsat 2F5Turksat 1A< ({ (G#^x  Failure cause3rd stage motor failure (H10+ turbopump)$ ( (" ; { ( (1PP; (% ((Ariane V64K (% (8 @(1U" Ariane V641 (V ('  GeneralT% ( (A#R&Launch id94034h'V ( (A#RNLaunch date17 Jun 1994 at 07:07 UTW (i (A#R,Launch siteKourouQ ( (A#R Type4, 44LPYi ((A#R0Payload mass3800 kg7 ((U#zn8ĉdjdjPayloadA: Intelsat 702B: STRV 1AC: STRV 1B$((" ; ((1PPP<(I(tB(Ariane V65K(I(8 @(1U" Ariane V651 (z('  GeneralTI((A#R&Launch id94040j)z(D@(A#RR(D@((Launch date8 Jul 1994 at 23:05:32 UTW(@(A#R,Launch siteKourouPD@(@(A#RType4, 44LY@(DA(A#R0Payload mass4035 kgv(@(A(N#lP*Ah ㉂PayloadA: Panamsat 2B: Yuri 3Nl(DA(&B(D#XP GTO199.6/35977 km; inclination: 7N*A(tB($ TTotal mass boosted into orbit: 4618 kg; &B(B(1PuP=B(B(E(Ariane V66KtB(B(8 @(1U" Ariane V661 B(+C('  GeneralTB(C(A#R&Launch id94049h'+C(C(A#RNLaunch date10 Aug 1994 at 23:05 UTWC(>D(A#R,Launch siteKourouQC(D(A#R Type4, 44LPR>D(D(A#R"Payload mass{-D(\E(N#lZ*"cmvmPayloadA: Brasilsat B1B: Turksat 1B$D(E(" ; \E(E(1P'P>E(F(yH(Ariane V67KE(F(8 @(1U" Ariane V671 E(7F('  GeneralTF(F(A#R&Launch id94058g&7F(F(A#RLLaunch date9 Sep 1994 at 00:29 UTWF(IG(A#R,Launch siteKourouPF(G(A#RType4, 44PYIG(G(A#R0Payload mass3300 kgcG(UH(G#^8͵PayloadA: Telstar 402$G(yH(" ; UH(H(1uPP?H(H(K(Ariane V68KyH(H(8 @(1U" Ariane V681 H(0I('  GeneralTH(I(A#R&Launch id94065g&0I(I(A#RLLaunch date8 Oct 1994 at 01:07 UTWI(BJ(A#R,Launch siteKourouPI(J(A#RType4, 44LRBJ(J(A#R"Payload mass{-J(_K(N#lZ*L2GˉPayloadA: Solidaridad 2B: Thaicom 2$J(K(" ; _K(K(1'PP@K( L(yN(Ariane V69KK( L(8 @(1U" Ariane V691 K(:L('  GeneralT L(L(A#R&Launch id94070g&:L(L(A#RLLaunch date1 Nov 1994 at 00:37 UTWL(LM(A#R,Launch siteKourouPL(M(A#RType4, 42PYLM(M(A#R0Payload mass2924 kg`M(UN(G#^2(~PayloadA: Astra 1D$M(yN(" ; UN(N(1P;QAN(N(|(Ariane V70GyN(N(5 :&1U" Ariane V701 N(,O('  Generalg&N(O(A#RLLaunch date1 Dec 1994 at 22:57 UTW,O( (A#R,Launch siteKourouO( (yN(PO(\(A#RType4, 42PY ((A#R0Payload mass2985 kg_\((G#^0BhPayloadPanamsat 38((G#^p  Failure cause3rd stage gave only 70% of its power(|(% Boosters had been enhanced to transport the satellite which was 200 kilos heavier than normal maximal weight. The third stage was a H-10-3 type, first time used; this didn't cause the failure.; ((1P,QB(((Ariane V71G|((5 :&1U" Ariane V711 (/('  GeneralT((A#R&Launch id95016k*/((A#RTLaunch date28 Mar 1995 at 23:14:20 UTW(E(A#R,Launch siteKourouQ((A#R Type4, 44LPRE((A#R"Payload mass@(w(O#n,#cPayloadA: Brasilsat B2B: Hotbird 1+1 meteo satellite?D (($ @Third stage was a H-10+ type; w((1;QQC(=(҈(Ariane V72G(=(5 :&1U" Ariane V721 (n('  GeneralT=(†(A#R&Launch id95021h'n(*(A#RNLaunch date21 Apr 1995 at 01:44 UTW†((A#R,Launch siteKourouO*(Ї(A#RType4, 40Y()(A#R0Payload mass2400 kgZЇ((G#^&`QTPayloadERS 2O+)(҈($ VLast flight with a H-10+ type 3rd stage; ( (1 ,Q(QD (T(C(Ariane V73G҈(T(5 :&1U" Ariane V731 (('  GeneralTT(ى(A#R&Launch id95023g&(@(A#RLLaunch date17 May 1995 at 6:34 UTWى((A#R,Launch siteKourouQ@((A#R Type4, 44LPY(A(A#R0Payload mass4180 kga((G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 706}A(C($ Third stage was a H-10-3 type (second use) It increases the performance by 60 to 140 kg depending on the launcher version; (~(1QQE~(Ō(0(Ariane V74GC(Ō(5 :&1U" Ariane V741 ~(('  GeneralTŌ(J(A#R&Launch id95029h'((A#RNLaunch date10 Jun 1995 at 00:24 UTWJ( (A#R,Launch siteKourouP(Y(A#RType4, 42PY ((A#R0Payload mass2934 kgZY( (G#^&〽9TPayloadDBS 3$(0(" ; (k(1(QQFk((s(Ariane V75G0((5 :&1U" Ariane V751 k( ('  General( (0(T(`(A#R&Launch id95033g& ((A#RLLaunch date7 Jul 1995 at 16:23 UTW`((A#R,Launch siteKourouO(m(A#RType4, 40Y((A#R0Payload mass2634 kg4m(O(U#zh8h휭fN#PayloadA: Hlios 1AB: CeriseC: UPMSat 1$(s(" ; O((1QQG(((Ariane V76Gs((5 :&1U" Ariane V761 (&('  GeneralT(z(A#R&Launch id95040g&&((A#RLLaunch date3 Aug 1995 at 22:58 UTWz(8(A#R,Launch siteKourouP((A#RType4, 42LY8((A#R0Payload mass3043 kgb(C(G#^6ChPayloadA: Panamsat 4s2((A#Rd$Injection orbit485.2 km x 35934 km x 4.21 deg&C((# ; ((1 QbQH(^(6(Ariane V77G(^(5 :&1U" Ariane V771 (('  GeneralT^((A#R&Launch id95044h'(K(A#RNLaunch date29 Aug 1995 at 06:41 UTW((A#R,Launch siteKourouPK((A#RType4, 44PY(K(A#R0Payload mass3398 kg`((G#^2) PayloadA: N Star Ae$K((A#RH GTO199 km x 35922 km x 6.96 deg&(6(# ; (q(1Q9QIq(((Ariane V78G6((5 :&1U" Ariane V781 q(('  GeneralT(=(A#R&Launch id95049h'((A#RNLaunch date24 Sep 1995 at 00:06 UTW=((A#R,Launch siteKourouP(L(A#RType4, 42LY((A#R0Payload mass3410 kgdL( (G#^:㑑)PayloadA: Telstar 402Rh$(q(D#XH GTO249.1 km x 35919 km x 7.03$ ((" ; q((1 bQRJ(( )Ariane V79G((5 :&1U" Ariane V791 (H('  GeneralT((A#R&Launch id95055h'H((A#RNLaunch date19 Oct 1995 at 00:38 UTW([(A#R,Launch siteKourouP((A#RType4, 42LY[((A#R0Payload mass3010 kg`(d(G#^2(~PayloadA: Astra 1Eh$((D#XH GTO485.5 km x 36077 km x 4.19$d( )" ( )(; (G)1L9QRKG)))Ariane V80G ))5 :&1U" Ariane V801 G))'  GeneralT))A#R&Launch id95062h'){)A#RNLaunch date17 Nov 1995 at 01:20 UTW))A#R,Launch siteKourouP{)")A#RType4, 44PR)t)A#R"Payload mass["))G#^(~PayloadA: ISOb!t)1)A#RB GTO500 km x 71860 km x 5.25xT))$ Equipped with an H-10-III upper stage, but with the No. 02 type payload fairing.; 1))1@RRL)+):)Ariane V81G)+)5 :&1U" Ariane V811 )\)'  GeneralT+))A#R&Launch id95067g&\))A#RLLaunch date6 Dec 1995 at 23:23 UTW)n)A#R,Launch siteKourouP))A#RType4, 44LYn))A#R0Payload mass4296 kgw)))N#lR*:eG@cPayloadA: Telecom 2CB: Insat 2C^))A#R: GTO199.8 x 35976 km x 7N*):)$ TTotal mass boosted into orbit: 4804 kg; )u)1RRMu)) )Ariane V82G:))5 :&1U" Ariane V821 u))'  GeneralT)A)A#R&Launch id96002h'))A#RNLaunch date12 Jan 1996 at 23:10 UTWA) )A#R,Launch siteKourouP)P )A#RType4, 44LY ) )A#R0Payload mass4368 kgx*P )! )N#lT*8MPayloadA: Panamsat 3RB: Measat 1a ) )A#R@ GTO199.6 x 35992 km x 6.99$! ) )" ; ) )1RRN )( ) )Ariane V83G )( )5 :&1U" Ariane V831 )Y )'  GeneralT( ) )A#R&Launch id96007g&Y ) )A#RLLaunch date5 Feb 1996 at 07:19 UTW )k )A#R,Launch siteKourouP ) )A#RType4, 44PYk ) )A#R0Payload mass3420 kg] )q )G#^,* PayloadN Star B^ ) )A#R: GTO199.7 x 35952 km x 7$q ) )" ; ).)1RTRO.)u)UA)Ariane V84G )u)5 :&1U" Ariane V841 .))'  GeneralTu))A#R&Launch id96015h')b)A#RNLaunch date14 Mar 1996 at 07:11 UTW))A#R,Launch siteKourouQb)@)A#R Type)@) )4, 44LPY)o@)A#R0Payload mass4175 kga@)@)G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 707a o@)1A)A#R@ GTO199.7 x 35913 km x 7.04$@)UA)" ; 1A)A)1RRPA)A)D)Ariane V85GUA)A)5 :&1U" Ariane V851 A)B)'  GeneralTA)\B)A#R&Launch id96022h'B)B)A#RNLaunch date20 Apr 1996 at 10:36 UTW\B)C)A#R,Launch siteKourouPB)kC)A#RType4, 42PYC)C)A#R0Payload mass2855 kg[kC)D)G#^(LwPayloadMSAT 1^C)}D)A#R: GTO199.5 x 35923 km x 7$D)D)" 1}D)D)1UQD)D)$D)D)" ; D)1E)1TRRR1E)xE)FH)Ariane V86GD)xE)5 :&1U" Ariane V861 1E)E)'  GeneralTxE)E)A#R&Launch id96030h'E)eF)A#RNLaunch date16 May 1996 at 01:56 UTWE)F)A#R,Launch siteKourouPeF) G)A#RType4, 44LYF)eG)A#R0Payload mass3952 kgt& G)G)N#lL*^:93 PayloadA: Palapa C2B: Amos 1IeG)"H)A#R GTO$G)FH)" ; "H)H)1RRSH)H)K)Ariane V87GFH)H)5 :&1U" Ariane V871 H)H)'  GeneralTH)MI)A#R&Launch id96035h'H)I)A#RNLaunch date15 Jun 1996 at 06:55 UTWMI) J)A#R,Launch siteKourouPI)\J)A#RType4, 44PY J)J)A#R0Payload mass3420 kga\J)K)G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 709d#J)zK)A#RF GTO199.6 km x 35955 km x 6.99$K)K)" ; zK)K)1RRTK) L)O)Ariane V88GK) L)5 :&1U" Ariane V881 K)QL)'  GeneralR L)L)A#R"Launch idn/ag&QL) M)A#RLLaunch date4 Jun 1996 at 12:34 UT\L)fM)A#R6Launch siteKourou ELA3K M)M)A#RType5RfM)N)A#R"Payload mass\M)_N)G#^*_7ǥPayloadCluster<N)N)' *O External resourceslE_N)O)' http://www.esrin.esa.it/htdocs/tidc/Press/Press96/ariane5rep.html; N)BO)13RSUBO)O))Ariane V89GO)O)5 :&1U" Ariane V891 BO)O)'  GeneralTO))A#R&LaunO))O)ch id96040g&O))A#RLLaunch date9 Jul 1996 at 11:24 UTW)؀)A#R,Launch siteKourouP)()A#RType4, 44LY؀))A#R0Payload mass4360 kgy+())N#lV*_鉂nvmPayloadA: Arabsat 2AB: Turksat 1Ca )[)A#R@ GTO199.2 km x 35915 km x 7$))" ; [))1RSV)))Ariane V90G))5 :&1U" Ariane V901 )2)'  GeneralT))A#R&Launch id96044g&2))A#RLLaunch date8 Aug 1996 at 22:49 UTW)D)A#R,Launch siteKourouP))A#RType4, 44LYD))A#R0Payload mass4200 kgx*)e)N#lT*oG;ePayloadA: Italsat 2B: Telecom 2Db!)Dž)A#RB GTO200 km x 35980 km x 5.52$e))" ; Dž)&)1SZSW&)m):)Ariane V91G)m)5 :&1U" Ariane V911 &))'  GeneralTm))A#R&Launch id96054h')Z)A#RNLaunch date11 Sep 1996 at 00:00 UTW))A#R,Launch siteKourouPZ))A#RType4, 42PR)S)A#R"Payload mass_))G#^0WR^ZPayloadEchostar 2d#S))A#RF GTO199.8 km x 35923 km x 6.97$):)" ; )u)1S6SXu)))Ariane V92G:))5 :&1U" Ariane V921 u))'  GeneralT)A)A#R&Launch id96063h'))A#RNLaunch date13 Nov 1996 at 22:40 UTWA))A#R,Launch siteKourouP)P)A#RType4, 44LY))A#R0Payload mass4173 kgq#P))N#lF*`鉂PayloadArabsat 2BMeasat 2d#)~)A#RF GTO249.6 km x 35885 km x 3.98$))" ; ~)݌)1/ZSSY݌)$)0)Ariane V93G)$)5 :&1U" Ariane V931 ݌)U)'  GeneralT$))A#R&Launch id97002h'U))A#RNLaunch date30 Jan 1997 at 22:04 UTW)h)A#R,Launch siteKourouP))A#RType4, 44Lr1h)*)A#RbPayload mass4899 kg (4441 kg for satellites)r$))N#lH*rRUS_EPayloadA: GE 2B: Nahuel 1Ab!*) )A#RB GTO200 km x 36000 km x 7.01) ))$)0)" ; )k)16SԀSZk)))Ariane V94G0))5 :&1U" Ariane V941 k))'  GeneralT)7)A#R&Launch id97009f%))A#RJLaunch date1 Mar 1997 at 1:07 UTW7))A#R,Launch siteKourouP)D)A#RType4, 44PY))A#R0Payload mass3420 kgaD))G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 801e$)c)A#RH GTO199.1 km x 35941 km x 6.978$))" ; c))1SuS[) ))Ariane V95G) )5 :&1U" Ariane V951 ):)'  GeneralT ))A#R&Launch id97016h':))A#RNLaunch date16 Apr 1997 at 23:08 UTW)M)A#R,Launch siteKourouQ))A#R Type4, 44LPRM))A#R"Payload massu')e)N#lN*HˉRPayloadA: Thaicom 3B: Bsat 1Ac"))A#RD GTO199 km x 35,936 km x 6.99$e))" ; )')1uSUS\')n)9)Ariane V96G)n)5 :&1U" Ariane V961 '))'  GeneralTn))A#R&Launch id97031h')[)A#RNLaunch date25 Jun 1997 at 23:44 UTW))A#R,Launch siteKourouP[))A#RType4, 44LR)T)A#R"Payload massa))G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 802`T))A#R> GTO200 km x 35,974 km x 7$)9)" ; )t)1ԀSS]t)))Ariane V97G9))5 :&1U" Ariane V971 t))'  GeneralT)@)A#R&Launch id97027g&))A#RLLaunch date3 Jun 1997 at 23:30 UTW@))A#R,Launch siteKourouP)N)A#RType4, 44LY))A#R0Payload mass4079 kgy+N) )N#lV*,rGG@cPayloadA: Inmarsat 3F4B: Insat 2Da ))A#R@ GTO199.7 km x 35989 km x 7$ ))" ; ))1S7T^)')*Ariane V98G)')5 :&1U" Ariane V981 )X)'  GeneralT'))A#R&Launch id97040g&X))A#RLLaunch date8 Aug 1997 at 06:45 UTW)j)A#R,Launch siteKourouP))A#RType4, 44PYj)*A#R0Payl)*)oad mass3420 kg_)~*G#^0EhPayloadPanamsat 6^**A#R: GTO181 x 37143 km x 7.1$~**" ; *;*1UST_;**g*Ariane V99G**5 :&1U" Ariane V991 ;**'  GeneralT**A#R&Launch id97049g&*n*A#RLLaunch date2 Sep 1997 at 22:21 UTW**A#R,Launch siteKourouQn**A#R Type4, 44LPY*o*A#R0Payload mass3830 kgx***N#lT*յaPayloadA: Hotbird 3B: Meteosat 7\o*C*A#R6 GTO199 x 35948 km x 7$*g*" < C**17TT`***Ariane V100Hg**5 :(1U" Ariane V1001 **'  GeneralT*p*A#R&Launch id97053h'**A#RNLaunch date23 Sep 1997 at 23:58 UTWp*/*A#R,Launch siteKourouP**A#RType4, 42LY/**A#R0Payload mass3455 kga*9*G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 803\**A#R6 GTO249 x 35965 km x 7$9**" < **1TBTa*=* *Ariane V101H*=*5 :(1U" Ariane V1011 *n*'  GeneralT=**A#R&Launch id97066h'n** *A#RNLaunch date30 Oct 1997 at 13:43 UT]* *A#R8Launch siteKourou ELA 3K * * *A#RType5R *$ *A#R"Payload massm* * *C#VTPayloadA: Maqsat HB: Maqsat BC: YESz9$ * *A#Rr GTO534 x 26631 km x 7.8 (instead of 581 x 36000 km)r * *- (zPartial failure: the satellites were not injected in correct orbit. The EPC core stage shut down early (5 seconds) and had a roll control problem. The EAP solid boosters and the EPS final stage appear to have operated correctly.A dummy ballast mass replaced Phase 3D which was pulled off the mission because of a predicted rougher ride than originally specified.< * *1TTb *. * @*Ariane V102H *. *5 :(1U" Ariane V1021 *_ *'  GeneralT. * *A#R&Launch id97071h'_ **A#RNLaunch date12 Nov 1997 at 21:48 UTW *r*A#R,Launch siteKourouP**A#RType4, 44LRr**A#R"Payload massy+**N#lV*L M@PayloadA: Sirius 2B: Cakrawarta 1I**A#R GTO$* @*" * @* *< *H@*1BT܀TcH@*@*wC*Ariane V103H @*@*5 :(1U" Ariane V1031 H@*@*'  GeneralT@*A*A#R&Launch id97075g&@*|A*A#RLLaunch date2 Dev 1997 at 22:53 UTWA*A*A#R,Launch siteKourouP|A*#B*A#RType4, 44PRA*uB*A#R"Payload massu'#B*B*N#lN*㊺2MPayloadA: Jcsat 5B: Equator SIuB*3C*A#R GTOD B*wC*$ @Cyclade dual payload adapter< 3C*C*1TTdC*C*F*Ariane V104HwC*C*5 :(1U" Ariane V1041 C*,D*'  GeneralTC*D*A#R&Launch id97083h',D*D*A#RNLaunch date22 Dec 1997 at 00:16 UTWD*?E*A#R,Launch siteKourouPD*E*A#RType4, 42LY?E*E*A#R0Payload mass3455 kgaE*IF*G#^4ĉPayloadIntelsat 804a E*F*A#R@ GTO249.7 x 35931 km x 6.98$IF*F*" < F* G*1܀TTe G*RG*H*A#RLLaunch date4 Feb 1998 at 23:29 UTWG*H*A#R,Launch siteKourouQ>H*H*A#R Type4, 44LPYH*?I*A#R0Payload mass3760 kg}/H*I*N#l^*$c-rGPayloadA: Brasilsat B3B: Inmarsat 3F5\?I*J*A#R6 GTO199 x 36010 km x 7$I*ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebso*‡*( Lockheed Launch Vehicle (LLV) or Lockheed-Martin Launch Vehicle (LMLV), later renamed AthenaThe first achievement of Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. in the large solid missiles category was in the late 50ies with the FBM (Fleet Ballistic Missile) Polaris program. Lockheed built all the US SLBM (Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile): Polaris A1 (first fire i 1958), A2 (1960), A3 (1962), Poseidon C3 (1965), Trident-1 C4 (1977) and Trident-2 D5 (1987).In Jan 1993 Lockheed started designing a launch vehicle program aimed at light satellites (civilian and military). Those launchers are based on the existant solid boosters: Thiokol Castor 120, UTC/CSD Orbus 21 with eventually Thiokol Castor 4 boosters.\+Ԅ**1 0W㻦ʼn ^ n ~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch date SiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)}*a*#14]OO2  (ߎ؀ 02 PVX(^$1n/aGemstar15 Aug 1995V1Failure: The first stage separated on time, but the rocket started oscillating a few secons earlier-R**#4]OO2  (U02a***f npv297044Lewis23 Aug 1997 at 06:51 UTV1289 x 603 km x 97.6 Ka**#z4]OO2  BDv 398001Lunar Prospector7 Jan 1998 at 02:28 UTC LC462`:**& t%Notes: V for Vandenberg, C for Cape Canaveral launches6*P*1qU{ajP**+AtlasB **5 : :" AtlasDP*** $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra*** "zOLaunchers operated by Lockheed Martin Launch Services, formerly General Dynamics. Since mid-1995 the launchers are marketed by ILS<**' *O External resourcesC**' 8http://www.lmco.com/ILS/s**U z  mO{ 26 Origins of AtlasAtlas without top stageAtlas with an Agena stageAtlas with solid top stageK**, (>Oyj Atlas with a Centaur stage**. * Origin: Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) of first generationIn January 1955 the General Dynamics' Convair division was selected to build the Atlas system. In 1946 this firm was awarded a contract to design a 8000 km range ICBM: the MX-774. Three of those were launched in 1948 before the project was cancelled. Notheless those studies had lead to 3 major innovations: the engine with gimbaled nozzle, the monocoque structure and the releasable payload.**+ $゜PIn the mid-50ies the problems related to high altitude ignition of liquid ergol engines were not solved. The only known solution was to ignite them all at takeoff: the Russians picked a bundle structure for their Semiorka while the Americans opted for a one-and-a-half stage vehicle. A main Rocketdyne LR105 sustainer of 670 kN was supported by 2 LR89 boosters. The propulsion bay containing 3 motors was named MA-1. Those engines consumed ergols (liquid oxygen and kerosene) provided by the same tanks. On each side a vernier LR101 rocket of 4.45 kN provided fine tuning of the thrust. The missile itself was 3.05 m diameter and 22.9 m in height (with an Mk2 Reentry Vehicle) and weighed over 110 tons.)*7*- ('[IWOn 11 Jun 1957 for its first test, the missile was only propulsed by its lateral motors... but it failed. The first success occured at the third try, on 17 Dec 1957. On 2 Aug 1958 the first 3-motor Atlas (named version B) ranged over 4000 km and the nominal range was achieved on 28 Nov 1958 (version C). Less than a month later on 18 Dec 1958 Atlas was used for a space mission: Score.The propulsion system kept on evolving, first as a missile then as a space launcher. The first improved MA-2 was used for the Atlas-D ICBM. Then the MA-3 was introduced as a simplified version for the Atlas-E and -F ICBMs and derived launchers. The MA-5 was a civilian version of the MA-2; it was used by Atlas SLV-3 until the MA-5A version became available for Atlas-2.A*x*' 4 Atlas propulsion systemw7**#b[ylz  N    :< DesignationYear of first launchMain engine Thrust (kN)Main engine SI (sec.)Additional engines Thrust (kN)Additional engines SI (sec.)Application3x**#,fylz&0<FHMA-119572402101335245Atlas A, B, C-*+#,Zylz*+*&0<FHMA-219582552131375248Atlas D;*+#,vylz&0<FHMA-319602552141470250Atlas E, F, launchers/+}+#,^ylz&0<FHMA-519612702201680259launchers0+[+#,`ylz(2>HJMA-5A19912702201885264launchers+}+++ $=v퉂Atlas was equipped with the top stages of Thor Able -derived from those of Vanguard- in 1959. This launcher named Atlas Able was to launch the Pioneer probes to the Moon. But after 3 failures between November 1959 and December 1960 it was abandonned.4 [++'  Statistics8++$ )Between 1956 and 1989, 189 MA-1/MA-2, 238 MA-3 and 213 MA-5 propulsion systems were manufactured that is 640 Atlas. The great majority of those Altas were used as ICBM. Thus the 150th Atlas was fired on 7 Nov 1962 and within those 150 rockets only 31 did launch satellites.1+#+1#k#++++N jI mO{26yjAtlas[launch vehicle index]Origins of AtlasAtlas without top stageAtlas with an Agena stageAtlas with solid top stageAtlas with a Centaur stageH#+]+1 'Vl]++3D+Atlas without top stageT++5 :@ :" Atlas without top stageD]++* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraW-+L +* "['[IWThe Score experiment proved that Atlas could orbit payloads without any top stage. So it was decided to use it for the manned Mercury program, without major modifications. The Redstone rocket used for the first tests of this program wasn't powerful enough to orbit the 1300 kg Mercury spacecraft.P)+ +' R Atlas launches for the Mercury program7mL + +#d* Y X K     $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)= + +#:z* Y X K   24NPV1n/aMercury MA-129 Jul 1960DBallistic flight= + +#:z* Y X K   24NPV2n/aMercury MA-221 Feb 1961DBallistic flight= + +#:z* Y X K   24NPV3n/aMercury MA-325 Apr 1961DFailled to orbitF ++#:* Y X K   68RTZ461025Mercury MA-413 Sep 1961D161 x 256 x 32.8 x 88.4 X ++#:* Y X K   Z\vx~561033Mercury MA-5 (chimpanzee Enos)29 Nov 1961D150 x 242 x 32.6 x 88.3Q+@+#:* Y X K  +@++ LNhjp662003Mercury MA-6 (J. Glenn)20 Feb 1962D161 x 263 x 32.5 x 88.6 U+A+#:* Y X K   TVprx762019Mercury MA-7 (S. Carpenter)24 May 1962D161 x 268 x 32.5 x 88.5S@+B+#:* Y X K   PRlnt862052Mercury MA-8 (W. Schirra)03 Oct 1962D161 x 283 x 32.5 x 88.8RA+C+#:* Y X K   NPjlr963015Mercury MA-9 (G. Cooper)15 May 1963D161 x 267 x 32.5 x 88.7W-B+3D+* $Z%Notes: All launches from Cape Canaveral< C+oD+1D}_VZmoD+D+@-Atlas AgenaH3D+D+5 :( :" Atlas AgenaDoD+D+* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraD+G+8 >Ƿ-HǷ-HǷ-HThe Agena stage had been developped by Lockheed for the USAF. The first version featured a Bell 8096 motor (nitric acid/UDMH) of 67 kN. It couldn't be re-ignited unlike the Agena-B version introduced in 1960. Agena-D used a more powerful motor (71 kN) time double operational time. Those stages were all 1.52 m in diameter but had a variable length depending on the nature of the payload to which they were often integrated in.Most of the payloads had military missions:_D+H+v   QdI tA7    6S8S㖯MZS- reconnaissance (Samos, KH 6 and KH 7)- early warning (Midas, Vela)- SIGINT (Canyon, Ryolithe)But Atlas Agena also launched:- lunar probes (Ranger, Lunar Orbiter) & planetary probes (Mariner)- target for the Gemini manned program (GATV, ATDA)- scientific (OAO, OGO, Seasat) and technology (Snapshot, ATS) satellites>G+'I+' . Atlas Agena launchesCzH+jJ+#b* Y ! g Y    $ : X h xz #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateSiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)9'I+iK+#\r* Y ! g Y  *,FLN`1n/aMidas-0126 Feb 1960CAgena-AFailure6jJ+kL+#hl* Y ! g Y  .24NTVh260006Midas 0224 May 1960CAgena-A1iK+bM+#\b* Y ! g Y  (*DJLP3n/aSamos 111 Oct 1960VFailure3kL+[N+#\f* Y ! g Y  ,.HNPb461001Samos 231 Jan 1961VAgena-B6bM+]O+#hl* Y ! g Y  .24NTVh561018Midas 0312 Jul 1961VAgena-BK[N+z+#\* Y ! g Y  .0J]O+z+3D+PRd661021Ranger-123 Aug 1961CAgena-B169 x 502 x 32.9 x 90.68]O+x+#\p* Y ! g Y  (*DJL^7n/aSamos 309 Sep 1961VAgena-BFailure6z+z+#hl* Y ! g Y  .24NTVh861028Midas 0421 Oct 1961VAgena-BKx++#\* Y ! g Y  .0JPRd961032Ranger-218 Nov 1961VAgena-B158 x 237 x 33.3 x 88.39z++#\r* Y ! g Y  *,FLN`10n/aSamos 422 Nov 1961VAgena-BFailureK++#\* Y ! g Y  .0JPRd1161035Samos 522 Dec 1961VAgena-B244 x 702 x 89.6 x 91.1@++#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf1262001Ranger-326 Jan 1962CAgena-BSolar orbitL++#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf1362007Samos 6?07 Mar 1962VAgena-B249 x 635 x 90.9 x 93.97++#hn* Y ! g Y  .46PVXj1462010Midas 0509 Apr 1962VAgena-B@++#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf1562012Ranger-423 Apr 1962CAgena-BMoon impact G+Ɋ+#\* Y ! g Y  TVpvx1662016KH 7 prototype? (FTV 2401)26 Apr 1962VAgena-B G+֋+#\* Y ! g Y  TVpvx1762023KH 7 prototype? (FTV 2402)17 Jun 1962VAgena-B$^Ɋ++#\* Y ! g Y  TVpvx1862030KH 7 prototype? (FTV 2403)18 Jul 1962VAgena-B184 x 236 x 96.1 x 88.7;֋++#\v* Y ! g Y  .0JPRd19n/aMariner-122 Jul 1962CAgena-BFailure$^++#\* Y ! g Y  TVpvx2062035KH 7 prototype? (FTV 2404)05 Aug 1962VAgena-B205 x 205 x 96.3 x 88.6 D+5+#\* Y ! g Y  24NTVh2162041Mariner-22+5+3D+7 Aug 1962CAgena-BProbe to Venus@+;+#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf2262055Ranger-518 Oct 1962CAgena-BSolar orbit"\5+]+#\* Y ! g Y  TVpvx2362064KH 7 prototype? (FTV 2405)11 Nov 1962VAgena-B206 x 206 x 96 x 88.77;+Z+#\n* Y ! g Y  &(BHJ\24n/aMidas17 Dec 1962VAgena-BFailure7]+]+#hn* Y ! g Y  .46PVXj2563014Midas 0609 May 1963VAgena-B7Z+Z+#\n* Y ! g Y  &(BHJ\26n/aMidas12 Jun 1963VAgena-DFailure6]+\+#hl* Y ! g Y  z҉24NTVh2763028KH 7-0112 Jul 1963VAgena-D7Z+_+#hn* Y ! g Y  .46PVXj2863030Midas 0718 Jul 1963VAgena-BI\+n+#\* Y ! g Y  *,FLN`2963036KH7#206 Sep 1963VAgena-D168 x 263 x 94.4 x 89.1"\_++#\* Y ! g Y  DF`fhz3063039Vela Hotel-1/2 (+)17 Oct 1963CAgena-D107000 x 113000 x 38.3 x 6270 Gn++#\* Y ! g Y  *,FLN`3163041KH7#325 Oct 1963VAgena-D144 x 332 x 99.1 x 89I++#\* Y ! g Y  *,FLN`3263051KH7#418 Dec 1963VAgena-D122 x 266 x 97.9 x 88.5A++#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf3364007Ranger-630 Jan 1964CAgena-BLunar impactT++#\* Y ! g Y  @B\bdv3464009KH7#5 (OPS 2423)25 Feb 1964VAgena-D173 x 190 x 95.7 x 88.2T++#\* Y ! g Y  @B\bdv3564012KH7#6 (OPS 3435)11 Mar 1964VAgena-D163 x 202 x 95.7 x 88.2U+,#\* Y ! g Y  @B\bdv3664020KH7#7 (OPS 3743)23 Apr 1964VAgena-D150 x 336 x 103.6 x 89.4+,3D+U+),#\* Y ! g Y  @B\bdv3764024KH7#8 (OPS 3592)19 May 1964VAgena-D141 x 380 x 101.1 x 89.7$],M,#^* Y ! g Y  RTntv3864036KH7#9 (OPS 3684)OPS 492306 Jul 1964VAgena-D121 x 346 x 92.9 x 89.2;s),,#`* Y ! g Y  tv3964040Vela 3 (OPS 3662)Vela 4 (OPS 3674)ERS 1317 Jul 1964CAgena-D98000 x 108000 x 39.6 x 6023@M,,#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf4064041Ranger-728 Jul 1964CAgena-BMoon impact Z,,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt4164045KH7#10 (OPS 3802 + 3316)14 Aug 1964VAgena-D149 x 307 x 95.5 x 894,,#hh* Y ! g Y  }V.0JPRd4264054OGO 105 Sep 1964CAgena-BS,,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx4364058KH7#11 (OPS 4262)23 Sep 1964VAgena-D145 x 303 x 92.9 x 895,,#\j* Y ! g Y  "$>DFX44n/aKH708 Oct 1964VAgena-DFailure"\, ,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt4564068KH7#12 (OPS 4384 + 5063)23 Oct 1964VAgena-D139 x 271 x 95.6 x 88.6 C, ,#\* Y ! g Y  24NTVh4664073Mariner-305 Nov 1964CAgena-DProbe to Mars C , ,#\* Y ! g Y  24NTVh4764077Mariner-428 Nov 1964CAgena-DProbe to MarsS , ,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx4864079KH7#13 (OPS 4439)04 Dec 1964VAgena-D158 x 357 x 97 x 89.7V ,+,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx4965005KH7#14 (OPS 4703)23 Jan 1965VAgena-D146 x 291 x 102.5 x 88.9@ ,1,#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf5065010Ranger-817 Feb 1965CAgena-BMoon impactV+,Y@,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx516501,Y@,3D+19KH7#15 (OPS 4920)12 Mar 1965VAgena-D155 x 247 x 107.7 x 88.5@1,_A,#\* Y ! g Y  02LRTf5265023Ranger-921 Mar 1965CAgena-BMoon impact0iY@,B,#^* Y ! g Y  hj5365027SNAPSHOT (OPS 4682)Secor 4 (EGRS 4)03 Apr 1965VAgena-D1282 x 1313 x 90 x 111.6 Z_A,C,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt5465031KH7#16 (OPS 4983 + 6717)28 Apr 1965VAgena-D180 x 259 x 95.6 x 89UB,D,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx5565041KH7#17 (OPS 5236)27 May 1965VAgena-D149 x 267 x 95.8 x 88.7#]C,E,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt5665050KH7#18 (OPS 6749 + 5501)25 Jun 1965VAgena-D151 x 283 x 107.6 x 88.85D,F,#\j* Y ! g Y  "$>DFX57n/aKH712 Jul 1965VAgena-DFailure;sE,#H,#`* Y ! g Y  tv5865058Vela 5 (OPS 6577)Vela 6 (OPS 6564)ERS 1720 Jul 1965CAgena-D95000 x 107000 x 35.3 x 5148#]F,FI,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt5965062KH7#19 (OPS 5698 + 6761)03 Aug 1965VAgena-D149 x 307 x 107.5 x 89.1U#H,aJ,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx6065076KH7#20 (OPS 6004)30 Sep 1965VAgena-D158 x 264 x 95.6 x 88.8<FI,cK,#\x* Y ! g Y  02LRTf61n/aAgena GATV25 Oct 1965CAgena-DFailure"\aJ,L,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt6265090KH7#21 (OPS 8293 + 6232)08 Nov 1965VAgena-D145 x 277 x 93.9 x 88.7"\cK,M,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt6366002KH7#22 (OPS 7253 + 3179)19 Jan 1966VAgena-D154 x 246 x 93.9 x 88.5'aL,N,#\* Y ! g Y  ^`z6466012KH7#23 (OPS 1184 + 3011 + 3031)15 Feb 1966VAgena-D148 x 293 x 96.5 x 89PM, ,#\* Y ! g Y  8:TZ\n6566019Agena GATV-816 Mar 1966CAgena-D285 x 298 x 28.9 x 90.2N, ,3D+![N,-,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt6666022KH7#24 (OPS 0879 + 0974)18 Mar 1966VAgena-D152 x 284 x 101 x 88.94 ,-,#hh* Y ! g Y  ?vV.0JPRd6766031OAO 108 Apr 1966CAgena-DT-,G,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx6866032KH7#25 (OPS 0910)19 Apr 1966VAgena-D145 x 398 x 117 x 89.9#]-,j,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt6966039KH7#26 (OPS 1950 + 6785)14 May 1966VAgena-D133 x 358 x 110.6 x 89.4>G,n,#\|* Y ! g Y  46PVXj70n/aAgena GATV-917 May 1966CAgena-DFailure Dj,x,#\* Y ! g Y $&@FHV66046ATDA01 Jun 1966Cmodel292 x 296 x 28.9 x 90.2 Zn,,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt7166048KH7#27 (OPS 1577 + 1856)03 Jun 1966VAgena-D143 x 288 x 87 x 88.94x,,#hh* Y ! g Y  }V.0JPRd7266049OGO 307 Jun 1966CAgena-B7,,#hn* Y ! g Y  .46PVXj7366051Midas 0809 Jun 1966VAgena-DU,,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx7466062KH7#28 (OPS 1850)12 Jul 1966VAgena-D137 x 236 x 95.5 x 88.3Q,͋,#\* Y ! g Y  :<V\^p7566065Agena GATV-1018 Jul 1966CAgena-D290 x 296 x 28.9 x 90.2 G,ڌ,#\* Y ! g Y  >@Z`bt7666073Lunar Orbiter 110 Aug 1966CAgena-DLunar orbit"\͋,,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt7766074KH7#29 (OPS 1832 + 6810)16 Aug 1966VAgena-D146 x 358 x 93.3 x 89.67ڌ,,#hn* Y ! g Y  .46PVXj7866077Midas 0919 Aug 1966VAgena-DQ,",#\* Y ! g Y  :<V\^p7966080Agena GATV-1112 Sep 1966CAgena-D298,",3D+ x 298 x 28.8 x 90.3 Z,B,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt8066083KH7#30 (OPS 1686 + 6874)16 Sep 1966VAgena-D148 x 333 x 94 x 98.47",E,#hn* Y ! g Y  c-46PVXj8160089Midas 1005 Oct 1966VAgena-D,eB,q,#^* Y ! g Y  fh8266090KH7#31 (OPS 2055)SGLS 1 (OPS 5345)12 Oct 1966VAgena-D181 x 258 x 90.9 x 89 ZE,,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt8366098KH7#32 (OPS 2070 + 5424)02 Nov 1966VAgena-D159 x 305 x 91 x 89.2 Gq,,#\* Y ! g Y  >@Z`bt8466100Lunar Orbiter 206 Nov 1966CAgena-DLunar orbitQ,,#\* Y ! g Y  :<V\^p8566103Agena GATV-1211 Nov 1966CAgena-D243 x 310 x 28.8 x 89.9V,,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx8666109KH7#33 (OPS 1890)05 Dec 1966VAgena-D137 x 388 x 104.6 x 89.84,,#hh* Y ! g Y  S.0JPRd8766110ATS 107 Dec 1966CAgena-DT,,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx8867007KH7#34 (OPS 4399)02 Feb 1967VAgena-D136 x 357 x 103 x 89.5 G,,#\* Y ! g Y  >@Z`bt8967008Lunar Orbiter-305 Feb 1967CAgena-DLunar orbitL, ,#\* Y ! g Y  *,FLN`9067031ATS-206 Apr 1967CAgena-D178 x 11124 x 28.4 x 218.9 G,,#\* Y ! g Y  >@Z`bt9167041Lunar Orbiter 404 May 1967CAgena-DLunar orbit"\ ,9,#\* Y ! g Y  PRlrt9267050KH7#35 (OPS 4321 + 5557)22 May 1967VAgena-D135 x 292 x 91.5 x 88.4V,U,#\* Y ! g Y  BD^dfx9367055KH7#36 (OPS 4360)04 Jun 1967VAgena-D149 x 456 x 104.9 x 90.6A9,h-#\* Y ! g Y  24NTU,h-3D+Vh9467060Mariner-514 Jun 1967CAgena-DVenus probe GU,u-#\* Y ! g Y  >@Z`bt9567075Lunar Orbiter 501 Aug 1967CAgena-DLunar probe4h-u-#hh* Y ! g Y  S.0JPRd9667111ATS 305 Nov 1967CAgena-D4u-u-#hh* Y ! g Y  }V.0JPRd9768014OGO 504 Mar 1968CAgena-DSu--#\* Y ! g Y  FHbhj|9868063Canyon 1 (OPS 2222)06 Aug 1968CAgena-D31680 x 39860 x 9.9Su--#\* Y ! g Y  FHbhj|9969036Canyon 2 (OPS 3148)13 Apr 1969CAgena-D31680 x 39860 x 9.9V--#\* Y ! g Y LNhnp10070046Rhyolite 1 (OPS 5346)19 Jun 1970CAgena-D31680 x 39860 x 9.9N--#\* Y ! g Y HJdjl~10170069Canyon 3 (OPS 7329)01 Sep 1970CAgena-D31680 x 39860;--#\v* Y ! g Y .0JPRd102n/aCanyon 404 Dec 1971CAgena-DFailureA- -#\* Y ! g Y HJdjl~10372101Canyon 5 (OPS 9390)20 Dec 1972CAgena-DJ- -#\* Y ! g Y 24NTVh10473013Canyon 606 Mar 1973CAgena-D32100 x 39660 x 10.1 F - -#\* Y ! g Y LNhnp10575055Rhyolite 2 (OPS 4966)18 Jun 1975CAgena-DGEO D - -#\* Y ! g Y HJdjl~10677038Canyon 7 (OPS 9751)23 May 1977CAgena-DGEO)c -.-#\* Y ! g Y LNhnp10777114Rhyolite 3 (OPS 4258)11 Dec 1977CAgena-DFailure: 146 x 188 x 29.9 x 87.9 F -:-#\* Y ! g Y LNhnp10878038Rhyolite 4 (OPS 8790)07 Apr 1978CAgena-DGEOM.-_@-#h* Y ! g Y 㖯24NTVh:-_@-3D+10978064Seasat26 Jul 1978VAgena-D769 x 799 x 108 x 100.7a:-@-* $%Notes: in the launcher date & site column C stands for Cape Canaveral and V for Vandenberg.1_@-A-1WnA-oA-A-T+@-oA-) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&A-A-# KoA-A-1&D'V\oA-B-E.Atlas with solid top stage^)A->B-5 :T :" Atlas with a solid fuel top stagee4A-B-1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebsg)>B- E-> JS?Tɑ9l̑Some Atlas missiles were reconverted in space launchers by addition of solid fuel top stages. OV-1, the first of these programs enabled to orbit two LEO 1.2 tons satellites. 11 flights took place between 1965 and 1971, with 2 or 3 OV-1 stages.The Star-37S booster was used to launch meteorology satellites: civilians (Tiros N and 10 NOAAs) and military (8 DMSPs) between 1978 and 1995. This motor with 658 kg powder provided 43.5 KN thrust during 42 seconds. A similare motor (Star-37E ?) was used for 4 NOSS payloads between 1976 and 1980.> B-HG-1 0SSThe 2-stage SGS-1 from McDonnell Douglas was used from 1977 to 1981 to launch 8 navigation satellites (NTS 2 and 7 of the first Navstars) SGS-1 weighed 2.5 tons and features 2 Star-37N motors providing each 68.8 kN thrust during 42 seconds. The next generation, SGS-2, weighed 4.5 tons. It featured two Star-48 motors providing each 66.7 kN during 87 seconds. It launched the 4 last preo-operational Navstars. Those two 2-stage launchers could orbit 460 and 860 kg respectively in a 250/21000 km, 63 transfert orbit. E-+I-- (m&[+A few specific configurations were also reported. Thus the STP program made use of Atlas with Burner 2 twice, of the Star-17A and of the Altair-3 (Star-20). NTS 1 was launched with a PTS top stage, and Solsat & Geosat with OIS stages. No information is available on the Atlas H top stages which launched 5 payloads betwee 1983 and 1987.The last launch occured in March 1995 and Titan-2 will take over the launch of those payloads.M&HG-xI-' L Atlas with solid top stage launches,z+I-J-#4c Y   $:Xhj#Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)VxI-K-#Hc Y   "jl1, 172Dn/aOV1-1ABRES 6 (reentry experiment)21 Jan 1965D OV1Failure8J-L-#Fpc Y   .0JLZ2, 68Dn/aOV1-327 May 1965D OV1Failure QK-M-#Hc Y  "$oZ0rt3, 34D65078OV 1-02SSP 29 (reentry experiment)05 Oct 1965D OV1?L-N-#T~c Y  "*$qZ0rZ0NPjlz4, 72D66025OV 1-04OV 1-0530 Mar 1966D OV1(fM-O-#Tc Y  "$uZ0FHbdr5, 58D66063OV 1-08OV1-714 Jul 1966D OV1Partial failure: OV1-7 didn't reach orbit?N--#T~c Y O--A-  "*$vZ0Z0NPjlz6, 89D66111OV 1-09OV 1-1011 Dec 1966D OV1'lO--#Fc Y  "$PRln|7, 92D67072OV 1-11 /1-12 / 1-8627 Jul 1967D OV1Partial failure: OV1-11 didn't reach orbit@--#Tc Y  $*&Z0Z0PRln|8, 107F68026OV 1-13OV 1-1406 Apr 1968F OV1Q--#<c Y  "$rt9, 75F68059OV1-16 (Spades)OV1-17 (Cannonball 1)11 Jul 1968F OV1--#Xc Y  "$" 10, 7004n/aSTP, 10 satellites:Orbiscal 1OV5-8Gridsphere 1 & 2Mylar Ballon 1Rigidsphere 1 & 2+ 3 more16 Aug 1968SLV3 Burner2Failure: the vehicle was destroyed due to a collapse of the payload fairingZ-ن-#Lc Y  &"(Z011, 104F69025OV1-17OV1-18OV 1-19OV1-17A (Orbiscal 2)18 Mar 1969F OV1I-"-#Rc Y  $(&Z0ހ 12, 76F71067OV 1-20OV 1-21Rigidsphere 1 & 2Gridsphere 1 & 2Cannonball 2MusketballMylar Balloon07 Aug 1971F OV1^ن-5-#:c Y  &(VXrt13, 102F72076STP (Radcat + Radsat)02 Oct 1972F Burner2530 x 750 x 98.4 x 99.5J"-4-#:c Y  $&46PR`14, 69F74054NTS-114 Jul 1974F PTS21600 x 22200 x 63 x 720D5-3-#Fc Y   "<>XZr15, 71Fn/aSTP (P72-2)12 Apr 1975F Star-17AFailure;4-)-#Fvc Y  $&X~<>XZr16, 59F76038NOSS 0130 Apr 1976F Star-37EK3-)-#:c Y  $&46PRb17, 65F77053NTS-224 Jun 1977F SGS120300 x 20300 x 63 x 720;)--#Fvc Y  $&X~<>XZr18, 50F77112NOSS 0208 Dec 1977F Star-37E9)--#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n19, 64F78020GPS BI-0122 Feb 1978F SGS19--#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n20, 49F78047GPS BI-0213 May 1978F S--A-GS19--#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n21, 47F78093GPS BI-0307 Oct 1978F SGS1U--#Fc Y  $&?<>XZz22, 29F78096Tiros N13 Oct 1978F Star-37S ISS846 x 862 x 98.9 x 1029- -#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n23, 39F78112GPS BI-0411 Dec 1978F SGS16--#Flc Y  $&Acى<>XZh24, 27F79017Solwind24 Feb 1979F OIS> --#F|c Y  $& {<>XZx25, 25F79057NOAA 0627 Jun 1979F Star-37SISS9--#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n26, 35F80011GPS BI-0509 Feb 1880F SGS1;--#Fvc Y  $&X~<>XZr27, 64F80019NOSS 0303 Mar 1980F Star-37E9--#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n28, 34F80032GPS BI-0626 Apr 1980F SGS1>--#F|c Y  $&:<VXx29, 19F80043NOAA B29 May 1980F Star-37S ISSB--#Rc Y   "X~8:TVn30, 68En/aNOSS 0408 Dec 1980E Star-37EFailure?--#F~c Y  $& {<>XZz31, 87F81059NOAA 0723 Jun 1981F Star-37S ISS@--#Rc Y   "cZ<>XZj32, 76En/aGPS BI-0718 Dec 1981E SGS1Failure^--#:c Y  $&JLfh33, 60E82118DMSP/Block-5D2#121 Dec 1982E Star-37S ISS815 x 828 x 98.8 x 101.24--#Fhc Y  (*X~@B\^d34, 6001H83008NOSS 0509 Feb 1983H?--#F~c Y  $& {<>XZz35, 73E83022NOAA 0828 Mar 1983E Star-37S ISS4--#Fhc Y  (*X~@B\^d36, 6002H83056NOSS 0609 Jun 1983H9-.#Frc Y  -.A-$&cZ@B\^n37, 75E83072GPS BI-0814 Jul 1983E SGS2^-.#:c Y  $&JLfh38, 58E83113DMSP/Block-5D2#217 Nov 1983E Star-37S ISS823 x 835 x 98.7 x 101.44..#Fhc Y  (*X~@B\^d39, 6003H84012NOSS 0705 Feb 1984H9..#Frc Y  $&cZ@B\^n40, 42E84059GPS BI-0913 Jun 1984E SGS29..#Frc Y  $&acZ@B\^n41, 14E84097GPS BI-1008 Sep 1984E SGS2?..#F~c Y  $& {<>XZz42, 39E84123NOAA 0912 Dec 1984E Star-37S ISSM..#:c Y  $&8:TVd43, 41E85021Geosat 12 Mar 1985E OIS757 x 814 x 108.1 x 100.69..#Frc Y  $&XcZ@B\^n44, 55E85093GPS BI-1109 Oct 1985E SGS24.~.#Fhc Y  (*X~@B\^d45, 6004H86014NOSS 0809 Feb 1986H?.x .#F~c Y  $&b {<>XZz46, 52E86073NOAA 1017 Sep 1986E Star-37S ISS4~.g .#Fhc Y  (*X~@B\^d47, 6005H87043NOSS 0915 May 1987HCx .e .#Fc Y  $&㧢щDF`b48, 59E87053DMSP B5D2-320 Jun 1987E Star-37S ISS^g .x .#:c Y  $&JLfh49, 54E88006DMSP/Block-5D2#403 Feb 1988E Star-37S ISS820 x 830 x 98.7 x 101.5?e .r .#F~c Y  $&Y {<>XZz50, 63E88089NOAA 1124 Sep 1988E Star-37S ISSTx ..#Fc Y  $& FHbd|51, 28E90031Stacksat (3)11 Apr 1990E Altair-3760 x 780 x 90 x 100^r ..#:c Y  $&JLfh52, 61E90105DMSP/Block-5D2#501 Dec 1990E Star-37S ISS730 x 850 x 98.9 x 100.7?.@.#F~c Y  $.@.A-&Z {<>XZz53, 50E91032NOAA 1214 May 1991E Star-37S ISS\.A.#:c Y  $&JLfh54, 53E91082DMSP/Block-5D2#628 Nov 1991E Star-37S ISS840 x 860 x 98.9 x 102?@.B.#F~c Y  $&[ {<>XZz55, 34E93050NOAA 1309 Aug 1993E Star-37S ISSCA.C.#Fc Y  $&㫢щDF`b56, 20E94057DMSP B5D2-729 Aug 1994E Star-37S ISS?B.D.#F~c Y  $&\ {<>XZz57, 11E94089NOAA 1430 Dec 1994E Star-37S ISSCC.E.#Fc Y  $&㬢щDF`b58, 45E95015DMSP B5D2-824 Mar 1995E Star-37S ISST*D.E.* $T%Notes: All launches from Vandenberg.> E.-F.1Zp-F.F.e0Atlas CentaurJE.wF.5 :,b" Atlas Centaure4-F.F.1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsZwF.nI.8 > 㯃4㯃4The Atlas Centaur launchers are the most powerful versions in the Atlas familly and the only to be used since 1995. They use the Centaur top-stage which was the first cryogenic rocket stage.The Pratt & Whitney RL10 engine consuming liquid oxygen and hydrogen had a long and difficult development. Its design started in 1958. It first flew in 1962 but didn't launch a real payload before 1966. The Centaur stage was designed to be used by Atlas. It had the same diameter and was 9.1 m long. In its operational version it was equipped with two RL10 A-3-3 engines with a thrust of 66.7 kN each.6F.K.3 4K\K\In the late-70ies the total height of the Atlas Centaur reached 40 m (originally 34 m) and its mass at launch increased from 132 to 150 tons. At this time the launch program was to be abandonned since NASA had decided to transfer all launches to the Shuttle. In fact STS was less available than expected and the Atlas launch program was resumed with a simplified motor: the RL10 A-3-3A with 73.4 kN thrust which first flew in 1984.During its first activity period (see chart 6) the Atlas Centaur launched:OnI.N.[   6S9 MZSCIx\do2- probes to the Moon (Surveyor) and to other planets (Marnier, Pioneer)- heavy scientific satellites (OAO, HEAO)- geostationary telecommunication satellites (ATS, Intelsat, Comstar, Fleetsatcom)In 1987 the augmented Atlas Centaur was selected by the USAF as the MLV2 standard launcher. This new launcher is refered to as Atlas-2 and the former version as Atlas-1. The basic Atlas-2 is an Atlas Centaur which has a 2.7 m longer first stage and a 0.9 m longer second stage. Furthermore the first stage is equipped with the new MA-5A motors. Atlas-2A is different by its second stage RL10 A-4 engines with deployable nozzle. Those rockets range from 45.6 to 47.5 m high and weigh 187 tons (Atlas-1 was 42-44 m high and weigh 164 tons).K..- ( _ 0Atlas-2AS is still more powerful. It is made from Atlas-2A to which two pairs of Castor-4A boosters of 436 kN thrust each are added. Each pair ignites one after the other. Thus Atlas-2A weighs 234 tons and can deliver 3.N..E.6 tons in GTO compared to 2.7 and 2.9 tons for Atlas-2 and -2A, and 2.3 tons for Atlas-1.Atlas Centaur rockets are optimized for geostationary orbit satellites.4 N..' O StatisticsnK.R.# The RL-10 motor made its 100th flight on the top stage Centaur of AC-114@..' 2 Atlas Centaur launchesfR..# zY / u   $&<>\l|~#Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)<p.4.#hzY / u  "$FHbhj~1, AC001n/asuborbital test08 May 1962CLV3C C-AFailure because of collapse of payload shroudQ.K.#\zY / u  &(46PVXl2, AC00263047test27 Nov 1963CLV3C C-B544 x 1699 x 30.3 x 170.5 T4.k.#hzY / u  "$02LRTh3, AC003n/atest30 Jun 1964CLV3C C-CHydraulic failure in Centaur-gK..#\zY / u  &(df4, AC00464082test (Surveyor Mass Model 1)11 Dec 1964CLV3C C-C165 x 178 x 30.7 x 87.8,`k.Ĉ.#hzY / u  "$BD^dfz5, AC005n/aSurveyor SD 102 Mar 1965CLV3C C-CFailure: exploded on launch padL.։.#\zY / u  &(FHbhj~6, AC00665064Surveyor SD 211 Aug 1965CLV3C C-DSolar orbit-gĈ..#\zY / u  &(df7, AC00866030test (Surveyor Mass Model 2)08 Apr 1966CLV3C C-D175 x 334 x 30.7 x 89.5X։.!.#\zY / u  &(@B\bdx8, AC01066045Surveyor-130 May 1966CLV3C C-DPayload landed on the Moon Z.A.#\zY / u  &(@B\bdx9, AC00766084Surveyor-220 Sep 1966CLV3C C-DPayload impacted on the Moon)c!.j.#\zY / u  (*fh10, AC00966095test (Surveyor Mass Model 3)26 Oct 1966CLV3C C-D200 x 47000 x 22.9YA..#\zY / u  (*BD^dfz11, AC01267035Surveyor-317 Apr 1967CLV3C C-DPayload landed on the Moon![j..#\zY / u  (*..E.BD^dfz12, AC01167068Surveyor-414 Jul 1967CLV3C C-DPayload impacted on the Moon Z..#\zY / u  (*BD^df|13, AC01367084Surveyor-508 Sep 1967CSLV3C C-DPayload landed on the Moon Z..#\zY / u  (*BD^df|14, AC01467112Surveyor-607 Nov 1967CSLV3C C-DPayload landed on the Moon Z..#\zY / u  (*BD^df|15, AC01568001Surveyor-707 Jan 1968CSLV3C C-DPayload landed on the Moon3g.I.#hzY / u  (*8:TZ\r16, AC01768068ATS-410 Aug 1968CSLV3C C-DFailure: Centaur failed on second ignition =.R.#hzzY / u  (*?vV<>X^`v17, AC01668110OAO 207 Dec 1968CSLV3C C-DII.a.#\zY / u  (*@B\bdz18, AC02069014Mariner-625 Feb 1969CSLV3C C-DMars probeIR.p.#\zY / u  (*@B\bdz19, AC01969030Mariner-727 Mar 1969CSLV3C C-DMars probe =a.y.#hzzY / u  (*S<>X^`v20, AC01869069ATS 512 Aug 1969CSLV3C C-D9gp..#tzY / u  $&?vV8:TZ\r21, AC021n/aOAO 330 Nov 1970CSLV3C C-DFailure: payload shroud failed to seperateDy..#hzY / u  (*ĉJLfln22, AC02571006Intelsat 40226 Jan 1971CSLV3C C-D,`..#hzY / u  $&<>X^`v23, AC024n/aMariner-808 May 1971CSLV3C C-DFailure: Centaur guidance failureI..#\zY / u  (*@B\bdz24, AC02371051Mariner-930 May 1971CSLV3C C-DMars probeD. .#hzY / u  (*ĉJLfln25, AC02671116Intelsat 40320 Dec 1971CSLV3C C-DD.)/#hzY / u  (* ĉJLfln26, AC02872003Intelsat 4042 .)/E.3 Jan 1972CSLV3C C-DV .E/#\zY / u  (*BD^df27, AC02772012Pioneer-1003 Mar 1972CSLV3C C-D Star-37EJupiter probeD)/U/#hzY / u  (*!ĉJLfln28, AC02972041Intelsat 40513 Jun 1972CSLV3C C-D =E/^/#hzzY / u  (*?vV<>X^`v29, AC02272065OAO 321 Aug 1972CSLV3C C-D'aU//#\zY / u  (*BD^df30, AC03073019Pioneer-1106 Apr 1973CSLV3D C-D1A Star-37EJupiter & Saturn probeF^//#hzY / u  (*#ĉJLfln31, AC03173058Intelsat 40723 Aug 1973CSLV3D C-D1AY//#\zY / u  (*BD^df32, AC03473085Mariner-1003 Nov 1973CSLV3D C-D1AVenus and Mercury probeF//#hzY / u  (*$ĉJLfln33, AC03274073Intelsat 40821 Nov 1974CSLV3D C-D1ALz/ /#tzY / u  $&"ĉFHbhj34, AC033n/aIntelsat 40620 Feb 1975CSLV3D C-D1AFailure: 1st stage failes due to electrical shortcutF/& /#hzY / u  (*ĉJLfln35, AC03575042Intelsat 40122 May 1975CSLV3D C-D1AH /: /#hzY / u  (* LNhnp36, AC03675091Intelsat 4A0126 Sep 1975CSLV3D C-D1ARH& /N /#hzY / u  (* LNhnp37, AC03776010Intelsat 4A0229 Jan 1976CSLV3D C-D1ARD: /^ /#hzY / u  (*XLXDF`fh38, AC03876042Comstar 113 May 1976CSLV3D C-D1ARDN /n/#hzY / u  (*YLXDF`fh39, AC04076073Comstar 222 Jul 1976CSLV3D C-D1ARH^ //#hzY / u  (* LNhnp40, AC03977041Intelsat 4A0426 May 1977CSLV3D C-D1AR An/@/#hzY / u  (*ڰFI/@/E.>@Z`b~41, AC04577075Heao 112 Aug 1977CSLV3D C-D1ARHv/A/#tzY / u  $& HJdjl42, AC043n/aIntelsat 4A0530 Sep 1977CSLV3D C-D1ARFailure: Atlas boostersection turbopump failedH@/B/#hzY / u  (* LNhnp43, AC04678002Intelsat 4A0307 Jan 1978CSLV3D C-D1ARHA/ D/#hzY / u  (*>>ቂLNhnp44, AC04478016Fleetsatcom 109 Feb 1978CSLV3D C-D1ARHB/E/#hzY / u  (* LNhnp45, AC04878035Intelsat 4A0631 Mar 1978CSLV3D C-D1AR6p D/UF/#\zY / u  (*fh46, AC05078051Pioneer-12 (Pioneer Venus-1)20 May 1978CSLV3D C-D1ARProbe to Venus, Venus orbitDE/eG/#hzY / u  (*ZLXDF`fh47, AC04878068Comstar 329 Jun 1978CSLV3D C-D1AR6pUF/H/#\zY / u  (*fh48, AC05178078Pioneer-13 (Pioneer Venus-2)08 Aug 1978CSLV3D C-D1ARProbe to Venus: soil module AeG/I/#hzY / u  (*۰FI>@Z`b~49, AC05278103Heao 213 Nov 1978CSLV3D C-D1ARHH/J/#hzY / u  (*?>ቂLNhnp50, AC04779038Fleetsatcom 204 May 1979CSLV3D C-D1AR AI/K/#hzY / u  (*ܰFI>@Z`b~51, AC05379082Heao 320 Sep 1979CSLV3D C-D1ARHJ/L/#hzY / u  (*@>ቂLNhnp52, AC04980004Fleetsatcom 318 Jan 1980CSLV3D C-D1ARHK/M/#hzY / u  (*A>ቂLNhnp53, AC05780087Fleetsatcom 431 Oct 1980CSLV3D C-D1ARGL/O/#hzY / u  (*WĉJLfln54, AC05480098Intelsat 50206 Dec 1980CSLV3D C-D1ARDM/ /#hzY / u  (*[LXDF`fh55, AC04281018Comstar 421 Feb 1981O/ /E.CSLV3D C-D1ARGO/3/#hzY / u  (*VĉJLfln56, AC05681050Intelsat 50123 May 1981CSLV3D C-D1ARH /G/#hzY / u  (*B>ቂLNhnp57, AC05981073Fleetsatcom 506 Aug 1981CSLV3D C-D1ARG3/Z/#hzY / u  (*XĉJLfln58, AC05581119Intelsat 50315 Dec 1981CSLV3D C-D1ARGG/m/#hzY / u  (*YĉJLfln59, AC05882017Intelsat 50404 Mar 1982CSLV3D C-D1ARGZ//#hzY / u  (*ZĉJLfln60, AC06082097Intelsat 50528 Sep 1982CSLV3D C-D1ARGm//#hzY / u  (*[ĉJLfln61, AC06183047Intelsat 50619 May 1983CSLV3D C-D1ARHv/ۇ/#tzY / u  (*^ĉJLfln62, AC06284057Intelsat 50909 Jun 1984CG C-D1ARPartial failure: Centaur LOX-tank exploded on LEOC//#hzY / u  (*ĉJLfln63, AC06385025Intelsat 51022 Mar 1985CG C-D1ARCۇ//#hzY / u  (*ĉJLfln64, AC06485055Intelsat 51130 Jun 1985CG C-D1ARC//#hzY / u  (*ĉJLfln65, AC06585087Intelsat 51229 Sep 1985CG C-D1ARD//#hzY / u  (*D>ቂLNhnp66, AC06686096Fleetsatcom 705 Dec 1986CG C-D1AR9g/Q/#tzY / u  $&C>ቂHJdjl67, AC067n/aFleetsatcom 626 Mar 1987CG C-D1ARFailure because of lightning strikeD/a/#hzY / u  (*E>ቂLNhnp68, AC06889077Fleetsatcom 825 Sep 1989CG C-D1ARKQ/r/#\zY / u  (*8:TZ\b69, AC06990065CRRES25 Jul 1990C1330 x 33600 x 18.1 x 591[a//#zY / u  "!{(*㉂Pr//E.R70, AC070n/aYuri 3H (BS 3H)19 Apr 1991 at 23:30 UTC1Failure: one of the two Centaur engines didn't igniteOr//#hzY / u  (*JL~71, AC10291083Eutelsat 2F307 Dec 1991 at 22:47 UTC2 (8102)J/ /#hzY / u  (*ceMDFx~72, AC10192006DSCS 3-0511 Feb 1992 at 00:41 UTC2 IABS8//#hpzY / u  (*;upBD^dfl73, AC07292013Galaxy 514 Mar 1992C1G /!/#hzY / u  (*ƉFHz74, AC10592032Intelsat K10 Jun 1992 at 00:00 UTC2AJ/7/#hzY / u  (*ceMDFx~75, AC10392037DSCS 3-0602 Jul 1992 at 21:54 UTC2 IABS6d!/m/#tzY / u  $&-PRlrtz76, AC071n/aGalaxy 1R failure22 Jul 1992C1Failure: 3rd stage failed to ignite4V7//#zY / u  "!{,.|W@Btz|(!{77, AC07493015UHF 125 Mar 1993 at 22:48 UTC1Partial failure >m//#h|zY / u  (*ceMDF`fhx78, AC10493046DSCS 3-0719 Jul 1993C2 IABS A//#hzY / u  (*|W<>pvx~79, AC07593056UHF 203 Sep 1993 at 11:17 UTC1 >//#h|zY / u  (*ceMDF`fhx80, AC10693074DSCS 3-0828 Nov 1993C2 IABSI//#hzY / u  (*͵HJ|81, AC10893077Telstar 40116 Dec 1993 at 00:40 UTC2ASG//#hzY / u  (*.@Bt82, AC07394022Goes 0813 Apr 1994 at 06:44 UTC 36B1E//#hzY / u  (*|W<>p~83, AC07694035UHF 324 Jun 1994 at 13:50 UTC 36B1F/0#hzY / u  (*9T<>p~84, AC10794047DBS 203 Aug 1994 at 23:57 UTC/0E. 36A2AN/30#hzY / u  (*ĉJL~85, AC11194064Intelsat 70306 Oct 1994 at 06:35 UTC 36B2ASH0G0#hzY / u  (*R*@Bt86, AC11094079Orion 123 Nov 1994 at 10:21 UTC 36A2AJ30]0#hzY / u  (*ĉJL~87, AC11395001Intelsat 70410 Jan 1995 at 06:18 UTC2AS AG0j0#hzY / u  (*|W<>pvx~88, AC11295003UHF 429 Jan 1995 at 01:25 UTC2N]00#hzY / u  (*ĉJL~89, AC11595013Intelsat 70522 Mar 1995 at 06:18 UTC 36B2ASGj00#hzY / u  (*S >@r90, AC11495019AMSC 107 Apr 1995 at 23:47 UTC 36A2AG00#hzY / u  (*.@Bt91, AC07795025Goes 0923 May 1995 at 05:52 UTC 36B1E00#hzY / u  (*|W<>p~92, AC11695027UHF 531 May 1995 at 15:27 UTC 36A2M0 0#tzY / u  ("*ceMFH|93, AC11895038DSCS 3-0931 Jul 1995 at 23:30 UTC2A IABSK0 0#tzY / u  ("*㈺2BDx94, AC11795043Jcsat 329 Aug 1995 at 00:53 UTC 36B2ASG 0 0#tzY / u  ("*|W>@t95, AC11995057UHF 622 Oct 1995 at 08:00 UTC 36B2F 0" 0#hzY / u  (*8:n|~96, AC12195065Soho02 Dec 1995 at 08:08 UTC 36B2ASL 0@0#tzY / u  ("*b㉀FH|97, AC12095069Galaxy 3R15 Dec 1995 at 00:23 UTC 36A2AL" 0^0#tzY / u  ("*]:9FHz98, AC12696006Palapa C11 Feb 1996 at 01:15 UTC 36B2AS N@0@0#tzY / u  ("*)rGLN^0@0E.99, AC12296020Inmarsat 3F13 Apr 1996 at 23:01 UTC 36A2AF^0A0#tzY / u  *",<>r100, AC07896027SAX30 Apr 1996 at 04:31 UTC 36B1H@0B0#tzY / u  *",|W@Bv101, AC12596042UHF 725 Jul 1996 at 12:42 UTC 36A2GA0C0#tzY / u  *",rRU>@r102, AC12396054GE 18 Sep 1996 at 21.49 UTC 36B2A8fB0 E0#tzY / u  *",HJ~103, AC12496067Hotbird 221 Nov 1996 at 20:47 UTC 36B2A168 km x 35784 km x 23.88fC0EF0#tzY / u  *",+rGNP104, AC12996070Inmarsat 3F318 Dec 1996 at 01:57 UTC2A1017 km x 35820 km x 22.77e E0|G0#tzY / u  *",㉺2DFz105, AC12797007Jcsat 417 Feb 1997 at 01:42 UTC 36B2AS221 km x 94251 km x 23.5JEF0H0#tzY / u  *",qDFx106, AC12897011Tempo 28 Mar 1997 at 06:01 UTC 36A2AFt|G0I0#tzY / u  *",㝖.DFz107, AC07997019Goes 1025 Apr 1997 at 05:49 UTC 36B1announced as the last launch of an Atlas 18fH0K0#tzY / u  *",_Sk7LN108, AC13397036Superbird C28 Jul 1997 at 01:15 UTC 36B2AS333 x 91062 km x 25.30^I0FL0#tzY / u  *",rRU>@r109, AC14697050GE 34 Sep 1997 at 12:03 UTC 36A2AS309 x 43913 km x 19.1 NK0fM0#tzY / u  *",XR^ZJL~110, AC13597059Echostar 35 Oct 1997 at 21:01 UTC 36B2AS:aFL0N0#zY / u  *0,aeM{pr111, AC13197065A: DSCS 3-10B: Falcon Gold25 Oct 1997 at 00:46 UTC 36A2A-afM0O0#hzY / u  *,c㉂FHx112, AC14997078Galaxy 8i8 Dec 1997 at 23:52 UTC 36B2AS280 x 50607 km x 26.8KN00#tzY / u O00E. *",i뉀DFz113, AC10998005USA 13729 Jan 1998 at 18:37 UTC 36A2A7eO0-0#tzY / u  *",ĉNP114, AC15198013Intelsat 80628 Feb 1998 at 00:21 UTC 36B2AS190 x 35656 km x 23&T0S0#tzY / u  *",|W@Bv115, AC13298016UHF 816 Mar 1998 at 21:32 UTC 36A2last Atlas 2#Q-0v0#tzY / u  *",ĉNP116, AC15398037Intelsat 80518 Jun 1998 at 22:48 UTC 36A2ASS0e0+ $%Note: In the launch site column C stands for Cape Canaveral and may be followed by the launch pad number. In the type column the second part of the type beginning with C- stands for Centaur-1v001Lq00e00n [㰭=H 㰭=H mO{26yj!{!{Atlas[launch vehicle index]Origins of AtlasAtlas without top stageAtlas with an Agena stageAtlas with solid top stageAtlas CentaurAC070AC074< 001War050؉0Atlas AC070H0505 :(b" Atlas AC0701 0f0'  Generalh'50·0A#RNLaunch date19 Apr 1991 at 23:30 UT_f0-0A#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralK ·0x0A#RType1Y-0ш0A#R0Payload mass1115 kg\x0-0G#^*㉂PayloadYuri 3H@ш00G#^ "Failure causeone of the two Centaur engines didn't ignite$-0؉0" < 001'{as0\0R0Atlas AC074H؉0\05 :(b" Atlas AC0741 00'  GeneralT\00A#R&Launch id93015h'0I0A#RNLaunch date25 Mar 1993 at 22:48 UTd#00A#RFLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC36K I00A#RType1Z0R0A#R2Payload mass~3000 kg]00G#^,|WPayloadA: UHF 1pR0R03 4㯃4㯃4The Atlas lost some power during the booster burn, and the Centaur had to burn longer to make up and get into parking orbit. As a result, the second Centaur burn to transfer orbit ran out of fuel during the burn. The payload satellite was left in a 219 x 9158 km x 27.3 deg orbit.This was the third failure of the Atlas 1 class rocket in the last 4 launches!< 001+Uat0;00Black ArrowHR0֎05 :( " Black Arrowe40;01 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsR+֎00' VO Origin: Black Knight experimental rocket4;00, &R׉In 1957 the UK Royal Aircraft Establishment began the development of00R0 the Black Knight rocket to study atmosphere reentry of ballistic warheads.The Black Knight was a long cylinder surmounted by a conical rounded head with 4 ribs equipped of stabilization rockets. It was powered by a Gamma 301 made by Bristol Siddeley; its thrust increased from 74 to 106 kN. On its first launch at Woomera in September 1958 it broke the world altitude record with 564 km. It was fired 22 times successfuly between 1958 and 1965.500' O Black Arrow00& MThe development of the space launcher Black Arrow began in 1964 under direction of the Royal Aircraft Establishment. It was 3-stage rocket of only 13 m high weighing 18.1 tons at takeoff time with a LEO payload capacity of nearly 100 kg.The first stage weighed 14.1 tons and measured 5.9 m high for 2 diameter. It was equipped with a Gamma-8 motor that featured 8 combustion chambers (gimbaled nozzles). It fired during 125 seconds providing 218 kN thrust and 251 kN in vacuum. Second stage was 3.55 m high per 1.37 m diameter and weighed 3.5 tons. Its Gamma-2 motor featuring 2 combustion chambes (gimbaled nozzles) consummed the same propellant and delivered 69 kN thrust during 120 seconds. The third stage was underthe 1.37 m diameter cap and layed on a spinning table. It was 1.3 m high, 71 cm diameter and 0.5 t weight. This stage was powered by a Waxwing solid fuel motor providing a mean thrust of 21 kN over 40 seconds.001 0R׉'S*The first ballistic flight which occured in Jun 1969 failed but the second in March 1970 was successful. The first orbiting attempt failed in Sep 1970 when second stage shutdown 13 seconds early. In July 1971 the British government decided to drop the national program although one flight was still to be carried out. Nonetheless it was fired in Oct 1971 and orbited the Prospero satellite.>00' . Black Arrow launches2Q00#4\@NM   $& <> \ l |~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment(\0%0#h4\@NM :<V\^p 1n/aBallistic flight29 Jun 1969W2-stageFailure: control lost after 50 s:0%0#\t4\@NM :<V\^p2n/aBallistic flight04 Mar 1970W2-stage![%0F0#\4\@NM ,.HNPT3n/aOrba (X2)02 Sep 1970WFailure: 2nd stage produced unsufficient thrust4%0F0#hh4\@NM 'S*<>X^`d471093Prospero (X3)28 Oct 1971Wj@F00* $%Notes: All launches from Woomera Rocket Range in Australia9F001${afu0r0OK3Cosmos BE0.05 :" " Cosmos BD0r0* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerrakD.00' O Origin: MRBM of first generation (Medium Range Ballistic Missile)r01& The design of Soviet stockable liquid propellant ballistic missiles started in 1954 under management of M.K. Yangel at the SKB 586 of Dniepropetrosk (now NPO Yuzhnoye) in Ukraine. At this time the motorist V.P. Glouchko started to develop a nitric acid010 - kerosen 4-chamber motor, roviding 650 kN in vacuum.The first realization of Yangel was the R12 (SS-4 Sandal) of 1800 km range. This single stage rocket was 22.4 m high and 1.65 m diameter, and weighed 28 tons. It was aimed by a 4-chamber RD-214 using nitric acid & kerosen. It burned during 140 seconds providing 635 kN thrust at ground level, 730 kN in vacuum (Isp = 264 s). The tuning of the thrust vector was made with control jets but the rocket also has 4 little directional aerodynamical rudder.I!0Q1( CThe R12 was launched for the first time on 22 Jun 1957 from Kapustin Yar. It was declared operational in 1959. Its deployment in Cuba in 1962 cause a major international crisis.Note: the R12 without top stage was used to launch a Vertikal payload of 35 kg at 4400 km on 12 Oct 1967.=11' , Cosmos 1 (B1 / SL7)Q11' In 1962 the R12 rocket was transformed in a ligh launcher by addition of a top stage. This stage of same diameter as the first one was powered by a RD-119 single-nozzle motor using the unusual couple LOX/UDMH. It provided 105 kN thrust in vacuum (Isp = 352 s) during 260 seconds.This 49 tons launcher measured 32 m high and could place 0.5 tons into low earth orbit. It was used 144 times successfully between 1962 and 1977 from Kapustin Yar and Plesetsk.;11' ( Launch statistics(1Z1u#Pcgg & > Kapustin YarPlesetskTotalr11c#cgg196277rZ1>1c#cgg196344r11c#cgg196477r>1"1c#cgg196577r11c#cgg196677t"1 1c#"cgg19677613t1| 1c#"cgg19688816u 1 1c#$cgg196941014u| 1f 1c#$cgg197051318u 1 1c#$cgg197111112uf 1P 1c#$cgg197221012t 1 1c#"cgg19731910rP 16 1c#cgg197466r 1 1c#cgg197555r6 1 1c#cgg197644r 1 1c#cgg197722& 1 1# ; 1 1' ( Cosmos B launches?u 1,1#d4]$OO   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateSiteStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)D 17@1#F7`'RR 8:TZ\162008Cosmos 0001,17@1016 Mar 1962K217 x 980 km x 49.0B,1.A1#:7`'RR 24NTV262009Cosmos-2 06 Apr 1962K212 x 1546 km x 49.0A7@1$B1#:7`'RR 24NTV362013Cosmos-3 24 Apr 1962K229 x 720 km x 49.0B.A1C1#:7`'RR 24NTV462020Cosmos-5 28 May 1962K203 x 1600 km x 49.1A$B1D1#:7`'RR 24NTV562028Cosmos-6 30 Jun 1962K274 x 360 km x 49.0AC1E1#:7`'RR 24NTV662038Cosmos-8 18 Aug 1962K256 x 604 km x 49.0AD1E1#:7`'RR 24NTV762056Cosmos-11 20 Oct 1962K245 x 921 km x 49.0AE1F1#:7`'RR 24NTV863010Cosmos-14 13 Apr 1963K265 x 512 km x 49.0AE1G1#:7`'RR 24NTV963017Cosmos-17 22 May 1963K260 x 788 km x 49.0BF1H1#:7`'RR 46PVX1063033Cosmos-19 06 Aug 1963K270 x 519 km x 49.0BG1I1#:7`'RR 46PVX1163050Cosmos-23 13 Dec 1963K240 x 613 km x 49.0BH1J1#:7`'RR 46PVX1264010Cosmos-25 27 Feb 1964K272 x 526 km x 49.0BI1K1#:7`'RR 46PVX1364013Cosmos-26 18 Mar 1964K271 x 403 km x 49.0AJ1L1#:7`'RR 46PVX1464028Cosmos-31 06 Jun 1964K228x 508 km x 49.0AK1M1#:7`'RR 46PVX1564042Cosmos-36 30 Jul 1964K259x 503 km x 49.0DL1N1#:7`'RR 8:TZ\1664050Cosmos-42/4322 Aug 1964K232x 1099 km x 49.0AM1O1#:7`'RR 46PVX1764069Cosmos-49 24 Oct 1964K260x 490 km x 49.0AN11#:7`'RR O11046PVX1864080Cosmos-51 10 Dec 1964K264x 554 km x 48.8CO11#:7`'RR 46PVX1965006Cosmos-53 30 Jan 1965K227 x 1192 km x 48.8C11#:7`'RR 46PVX2065052Cosmos-70 02 Jul 1965K229 x 1154 km x 48.8B11#:7`'RR 46PVX2165059Cosmos-76 23 Jul 1965K261 x 530 km x 48.8B11#:7`'RR 46PVX2265084Cosmos-93 19 Oct 1965K220 x 522 km x 48.4B1w1#:7`'RR 46PVX2365088Cosmos-95 04 Nov 1965K207 x 521 km x 48.4C1o1#:7`'RR 46PVX2465095Cosmos-97 26 Nov 1965K220 x 2100 km x 49.0Bw1f1#:7`'RR 46PVX2565107Cosmos-10121 Dec 1965K260 x 550 km x 49.0Bo1]1#:7`'RR 46PVX2666004Cosmos-10625 Jan 1966K290 x 564 km x 48.4Bf1T1#:7`'RR 46PVX2766011Cosmos-10811 Feb 1966K227 x 865 km x 48.9B]1K1#:7`'RR 46PVX2866036Cosmos-11626 Apr 1966K294 x 478 km x 48.4CT1C1#:7`'RR 46PVX2966043Cosmos-11924 May 1966K219 x 1305 km x 48.5BK1:1#:7`'RR 46PVX3066061Cosmos-12308 Jul 1966K263 x 529 km x 48.8BC111#:7`'RR 46PVX3166112Cosmos-13512 Dec 1966K259 x 662 km x 48.5C:1)1#:7`'RR 46PVX3266117Cosmos-13721 Dec 1966K230 x 1720 km x 48.8C11!1#:7`'RR 46PVX3367013Cosmos-14214 Feb 1967K214 x 1362 km x 48.4C)1%1#:7`'RR 46PVX3467019Cosmos-14503 Mar 1967K!1%10220 x 2135 km x 48.4B!11#:7`'RR 46PVX3567023Cosmos-14816 Mar 1967P275 x 436 km x 71.0B%11#:7`'RR 46PVX3667024Cosmos-14921 Mar 1967K248 x 297 km x 48.4B1 1#:7`'RR 46PVX3767028Cosmos-15225 Mar 1967P283 x 512 km x 71.0B11#:7`'RR 46PVX3867056Cosmos-16305 Jun 1967K261 x 616 km x 48.4C 11#:7`'RR 46PVX3967059Cosmos-16512 Jun 1967P211 x 1542 km x 81.9B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4067061Cosmos-16616 Jun 1967K283 x 578 km x 48.4B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4167081Cosmos-17324 Aug 1967P280 x 528 km x 71.0C11#:7`'RR 46PVX4267086Cosmos-17612 Sep 1967P206 x 1581 km x 81.9B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4367115Cosmos-19121 Nov 1967P281 x 518 km x 71.0B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4467125Cosmos-19619 Dec 1967K224 x 884 km x 49.0B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4567126Cosmos-19726 Dec 1967K219 x 502 km x 48.5B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4668010Cosmos-20220 Feb 1968K220 x 502 km x 48.4B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4768015Cosmos-20405 Mar 1968P282 x 873 km x 71.0C11#:7`'RR 46PVX4868028Cosmos-21109 Apr 1968P210 x 1574 km x 81.9B11#:7`'RR 46PVX4968033Cosmos-21519 Apr 1968K261 x 426 km x 48.5C11#:7`'RR 46PVX5068038Cosmos-21926 Apr 1968K222 x 1770 km x 48.4C12#:7`'RR 12046PVX5168043Cosmos-22124 May 1968K220 x 2108 km x 48.4B12#:7`'RR 46PVX5268044Cosmos-22230 May 1968P277 x 528 km x 71.0B22#:7`'RR 46PVX5368048Cosmos-22512 Jun 1968K257 x 530 km x 48.4B22#:7`'RR 46PVX5468056Cosmos-23005 Jul 1968K290 x 580 km x 48.5C2z2#:7`'RR 46PVX5568061Cosmos-23318 Jul 1968P210 x 2545 km x 82.0B2q2#:7`'RR 46PVX5668079Cosmos-24220 Sep 1968P280 x 440 km x 71.0Bz2h2#:7`'RR 46PVX5768083Cosmos-24503 Oct 1968P282 x 509 km x 71.0Bq2_2#:7`'RR 46PVX5868107Cosmos-25703 Dec 1968P282 x 470 km x 71.0Ch2W2#:7`'RR 46PVX5968113Cosmos-25914 Dec 1968K219 x 1353 km x 48.5B_2N 2#:7`'RR 46PVX6068117Cosmos-26119 Dec 1968P217 x 670 km x 71.0BW2E 2#:7`'RR 46PVX6168119Cosmos-26226 Dec 1968K263 x 818 km x 48.5BN 2< 2#:7`'RR 46PVX6269012Cosmos-26507 Feb 1969P283 x 485 km x 71.0CE 24 2#:7`'RR 46PVX6369020Cosmos-26805 Mar 1969K219 x 2186 km x 48.4B< 2+ 2#:7`'RR 46PVX6469031Cosmos-27528 Mar 1969P284 x 805 km x 71.0B4 2"2#:7`'RR 46PVX6569033Cosmos-27704 Apr 1969P280 x 494 km x 71.0C+ 22#:7`'RR 46PVX6669047Cosmos-28327 May 1969P210 x 1539 km x 82.0B"2@2#:7`'RR 46PVX6769049Cosmos-28503 Jun 1969P279 x2@20 518 km x 71.0B2A2#:7`'RR 46PVX6869073Cosmos-29522 Aug 1969P282 x 500 km x 71.0H@2B2#F7`'RR 㹧ԉ@B\bd6969088Intercosmos 0114 Oct 1969K260 x 640 km x 48.4CA2C2#:7`'RR 46PVX7069090Cosmos-30318 Oct 1969P282 x 4920 km x 71.0CB2D2#:7`'RR 46PVX7169094Cosmos-30724 Oct 1969K220 x 2178 km x 48.4BC2D2#:7`'RR 46PVX7269096Cosmos-30804 Nov 1969P281 x 422 km x 71.0BD2E2#:7`'RR 46PVX7369102Cosmos-31124 Nov 1969P284 x 496 km x 71.0BD2F2#:7`'RR 46PVX7469106Cosmos-31411 Dec 1969P282 x 491 km x 71.0FE2G2#:7`'RR :<V\^7569110Intercosmos-225 Dec 1969K206 x 1200 km x 48.4CF2H2#:7`'RR 46PVX7670004Cosmos-31915 Jan 1970P209 x 1537 km x 82.0BG2I2#:7`'RR 46PVX7770005Cosmos-32016 Jan 1970K240 x 343 km x 48.5BH2J2#:7`'RR 46PVX7870006Cosmos-32120 Jan 1970P280 x 507 km x 71.0BI2K2#:7`'RR 46PVX7970014Cosmos-32427 Feb 1970P446 x 705 km x 71.0BJ2L2#:7`'RR 46PVX8070020Cosmos-32718 Mar 1970P269 x 822 km x 70.9BK2M2#:7`'RR 46PVX8170033Cosmos-33423 Apr 1970P272 x 483 km x 70.9BL2N2#:7`'RR 46PVX8270035Cosmos-33524 Apr 1970K249 x 400 km x 48.4CM2O2#:7`'RR 46PVX8370043Cosmos-34712 Jun 1970K215 x 2050 km x 48.4BN22#:7`'RR O22046PVX8470044Cosmos-34813 Jun 1970P200 x 652 km x 71.0BO22#:7`'RR 46PVX8570051Cosmos-35127 Jun 1970P270 x 467 km x 71.0F22#:7`'RR :<V\^8670057Intercosmos-307 Aug 1970K200 x 1295 km x 48.4B22#:7`'RR 46PVX8770059Cosmos-35610 Aug 1970P232 x 573 km x 81.9B22#:7`'RR 46PVX8870063Cosmos-35719 Aug 1970P272 x 476 km x 71.0B2{2#:7`'RR 46PVX8970073Cosmos-36216 Sep 1970P272 x 817 km x 71.0B2r2#:7`'RR 46PVX9070081Cosmos-36908 Oct 1970P269 x 505 km x 70.9E{2l2#:7`'RR :<V\^9170084Intercosmos-414 Oct 1970K251 x 627 km x 48.4Cr2d2#:7`'RR 46PVX9270100Cosmos-38024 Nov 1970P199 x 1519 km x 81.9Bl2[2#:7`'RR 46PVX9370112Cosmos-38818 Dec 1970P270 x 505 km x 71.0Bd2R2#:7`'RR 46PVX9471002Cosmos-39114 Jan 1971P267 x 803 km x 70.9B[2I2#:7`'RR 46PVX9571007Cosmos-39326 Jan 1971P274 x 484 km x 71.0BR2@2#:7`'RR 46PVX9671037Cosmos-40824 Apr 1971P211 x1542 km x 81.8BI272#:7`'RR 46PVX9771044Cosmos-42119 May 1971P283 x 492 km x 70.9B@2.2#:7`'RR 46PVX9871047Cosmos-42327 May 1971P282 x 511 km x 71.0B72%2#:7`'RR 46PVX9971072Cosmos-43527 Aug 1971P282 x 505 km x 71.0C.2)2#:7`'RR68RXZ10071079Cosmos-44024 Sep 197%2)201P282 x 814 km x 71.0C%2!2#:7`'RR68RXZ10171090Cosmos-45319 Oct 1971P281 x 522 km x 71.0C)22#:7`'RR68RXZ10271097Cosmos-45517 Nov 1971P282 x 516 km x 71.0C!22#:7`'RR68RXZ10371101Cosmos-45829 Nov 1971P281 x 523 km x 71.0G2 2#:7`'RR<>X^`10471104Intercosmos-502 Dec 1971K205 x 1200 km x 48.4C22#:7`'RR68RXZ10571113Cosmos-46717 Dec 1971P279 x 502 km x 71.0D 22#:7`'RR68RXZ10672004Cosmos-47225 Jan 1972P207 x 1568 km x 82.0C22#:7`'RR68RXZ10772020Cosmos-48125 Mar 1972P279 x 540 km x 71.0C22#:7`'RR68RXZ10872023Cosmos-48511 Apr 1972P280 x 506 km x 71.0C22#:7`'RR68RXZ10972033Cosmos-48721 Apr 1972P278 x 531 km x 71.0F22#:7`'RR<>X^`11072047Intercosmos-730 Jun 1972K267 x 568 km x 48.4C22#:7`'RR68RXZ11172048Cosmos-49730 Jun 1972P282 x 812 km x 71.0C22#:7`'RR68RXZ11272050Cosmos-49805 Jul 1972P282 x 511 km x 71.0D22#:7`'RR68RXZ11372054Cosmos-50112 Jul 1972K222 x 2149 km x 48.5C22#:7`'RR68RXZ11472078Cosmos-52305 Oct 1972P283 x 507 km x 71.0C22#:7`'RR68RXZ11572080Cosmos-52411 Oct 1972P277 x 537 km x 71.0C22#:7`'RR68RXZ11672084Cosmos-52625 Oct 1972P282 x 511 km x 71.0F23#:7`'RR230<>X^`11772094Intercosmos-830 Nov 1972P214 x 679 km x 71.0C23#:7`'RR68RXZ11873004Cosmos-54524 Jan 1973P279 x 521 km x 71.0C33#:7`'RR68RXZ11973020Cosmos-55312 Apr 1973P262 x 519 km x 71.0G33#:7`'RR<>X^`12073022Intercosmos-919 Apr 1973K202 x 1551 km x 48.4C33#:7`'RR68RXZ12173029Cosmos-55817 May 1973P279 x 526 km x 71.0C33#:7`'RR68RXZ12273035Cosmos-56205 Jun 1973P282 x 510 km x 71.0C33#:7`'RR68RXZ12373057Cosmos-58022 Aug 1973P283 x 518 km x 71.0D33#:7`'RR68RXZ12473075Cosmos-60116 Oct 1973P210 x 1561 km x 82.0C3~3#:7`'RR68RXZ12573091Cosmos-60820 Nov 1973P281 x 528 km x 71.0C3v 3#:7`'RR68RXZ12673094Cosmos-61128 Nov 1973P270 x 507 km x 71.0C~3n 3#:7`'RR68RXZ12773099Cosmos-61513 Dec 1973P280 x 859 km x 71.0Cv 3f 3#:7`'RR68RXZ12874010Cosmos-63327 Feb 1974P280 x 516 km x 71.0Cn 3^ 3#:7`'RR68RXZ12974012Cosmos-63405 Mar 1974P281 x 516 km x 71.0Cf 3V 3#:7`'RR68RXZ13074047Cosmos-66226 Jun 1974P290 x 795 km x 70.9C^ 3N3#:7`'RR68RXZ13174058Cosmos-66825 Jul 1974P281 x 519 km x 71.0CV 3F3#:7`'RR68RXZ13274074Cosmos-68626 Sep 1974P281 x 515 km x 71.0CN3J@3#:7`'RR68RXZ133F3J@3074091Cosmos-69520 Nov 1974P283 x 493 km x 71.0DF3CA3#:7`'RR68RXZ13475003Cosmos-70321 Jan 1975P207 x 1545 km x 82.0CJ@3;B3#:7`'RR68RXZ13575006Cosmos-70528 Jan 1975P281 x 508 km x 71.0CCA33C3#:7`'RR68RXZ13675026Cosmos-72508 Apr 1975P283 x 540 km x 71.0C;B3+D3#:7`'RR68RXZ13775058Cosmos-74524 Jun 1975P274 x 540 km x 71.0C3C3#E3#:7`'RR68RXZ13875067Cosmos-75017 Jul 1975P281 x 830 km x 71.0C+D3F3#:7`'RR68RXZ13976012Cosmos-80105 Feb 1976P290 x 723 km x 71.0C#E3G3#:7`'RR68RXZ14076044Cosmos-81818 May 1976P281 x 506 km x 71.0CF3 H3#:7`'RR68RXZ14176083Cosmos-84913 Aug 1976P276 x 889 km x 71.0CG3I3#:7`'RR68RXZ14276084Cosmos-85026 Aug 1976P280 x 518 km x 71.0C H3I3#:7`'RR68RXZ14377025Cosmos-90105 Apr 1977P279 x 845 km x 71.0CI3J3#:7`'RR68RXZ14477051Cosmos-91918 Jun 1977P278 x 847 km x 71.0\6I3OK3& l%Notes: K for Kapustin Yar, P for Plesetsk launches9J3K31BaitvK3L3iB:Cosmos CEOK3K35 :" " Cosmos CDK3L3* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraJ#K3[L3' F Origin: IRBM of first generation^8L3N3& qThe second realization of M.K. Yangel at SKB-586 in Dniepropetrosk (now NPO Yuzhnoye), Ukraine, was the R14 (SS-5 Skean), 4000 kg range. This single stage rocket was 24.3 m high and 2.4 m diameter and weighed 50 tons. It was powered by 2 RD-216 motors with 2 chambers each, consuming nitric acid and UDMH. The motors provided 863 kN thrust in vacuum during 170 seconds (Isp = 291 s).The R14 was first launched in 1960 in Kapustin Yar and became operational in 1962. It was used as a probe since 1975. It can launch 1300 kg at 500 km or 860 kg at 1500 km altitude.&[L3N3# =N3O3' , Cosmos 2 (C1 / SL8)mGN33& The first use of the R14 as a space launcher was in 1964. It was equipped with a top stage, same diameter as the first one, whose motor (unidentified) use NTO/UDMH. Jane's Space Directory cO33OK3laims it can burn for 375 seconds with 157 kN thrust. It can be re-ignited to circularize an orbit.This 106 tons launcher, approx. 32 m high. It is still used as 11K65. It can orbit 1.7 tons in LEO, but its missions generally limits to place 1 ton into 800 to 1500 km altitude orbit. This is the only launcher to have been fired from Baikonour, Plesetsk and Kapustin Yar. It was used for:iO33N j7㼨ԟ 剂<qi"qe- geodesy and military or civilian navigation (Parus, Tsikada, etc.)- telecommunications mainly military (Strela) but also civilian- ELINT- interception targets, radar calibration- technology (BOR-4 mini shuttles)- scientific (Cosmos, Intercosmos, Aureole, etc.);393' ( Launch statistics533#jfzy   8 X BaikonourPlesetskKapustin YarTotal933t#"fzy19641133t#"fzy19656633t# fzy1966033t#$fzy196713433t#$fzy196815633t#"fzy19696633t#&fzy197010103'3t#&fzy1971191933t#&fzy19721313'363t#(fzy 19731411533t#(fzy 19741611763F3t#(fzy 1975171183Ί3t#(fzy 197627128F3V3t#(fzy 197726228Ί3ދ3t#(fzy 197820121V3f3t#(fzy 197916218ދ33t#(fzy 198015116f3v3t#(fzy 19811711833t#(fzy 198218422v33t#(fzy 19831842233t#(fzy 19841621833t#(fzy 1985101113)3t#&fzy3)3OK31986151533t#(fzy 198712113)363t#"fzy19887733t#"fzy19899963B3t#&fzy1990101033t#&fzy19911010B3N3t#"fzy19927733t#"fzy199366N3X3t#"fzy199455&3~3# ;X33' ( Cosmos C launches?u~33#d4]$OO   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateSiteStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)C33#:7`'RR 68RXZ164046Cosmos-38/4018 Aug 1964T210 x 876 km x 56.2D33#:7`'RR 68RXZ265011Cosmos-54/5621 Feb 1965T280 x 1856 km x 56.1D33#:7`'RR 68RXZ365020Cosmos-61/6315 Mar 1965T273 x 1887 km x 56.0C33#:7`'RR 68RXZ465053Cosmos-71/7516 Jul 1965T540 x 600 km x 56.1E33#:7`'RR 68RXZ565070Cosmos-80/8403 Sep 1965T1440 x 1550 km x 56.0E33#:7`'RR 68RXZ665073Cosmos-86/9018 Sep 1965T1340 x 1670 km x 56.0A33#:7`'RR 24NTV765112Cosmos-10328 Dec 1965T600 x 600 km x 56.0A33#:7`'RR 24NTV867027Cosmos-15124 Mar 1967T630 x 630 km x 56.0A33#:7`'RR 24NTV967045Cosmos-15815 May 1967P850 x 850 km x 74.4B33#:7`'RR 46PVX1067108Cosmos-18930 Oct 1967P535 x 600 km x 74.0C34#:7`'RR 34OK346PVX1167116Cosmos-19223 Nov 1967P755 x 7550 km x 74.0B34#:7`'RR 46PVX1268006Cosmos-20020 Jan 1968P536 x 536 km x 74.0D44#:7`'RR 46PVX1368011Cosmos-20320 Feb 1968P1200 x 1200 km x 74.1B44#:7`'RR 46PVX1468040Cosmos-22007 May 1968P670 x 760 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX1568070Cosmos-23627 Aug 1968T600 x 655 km x 56.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX1668095Cosmos-25030 Oct 1968P523 x 556 km x 74.0D4y4#:7`'RR 46PVX1768106Cosmos-25630 Nov 1968P1168 x 1234 km x 74.1B4p4#:7`'RR 46PVX1869021Cosmos-26905 Mar 1969P526 x 558 km x 74.0Dy4i4#:7`'RR 46PVX1969024Cosmos-27217 Mar 1969P1195 x 1220 km x 74.0Cp4a 4#:7`'RR 46PVX2069070Cosmos-29214 Aug 1969P747 x 7866 km x 74.0Bi4X 4#:7`'RR 46PVX2169091Cosmos-30421 Oct 1969P747 x 774 km x 74.0Da 4Q 4#:7`'RR 46PVX2269103Cosmos-31224 Nov 1969P1145 x 1187 km x 74.0BX 4H 4#:7`'RR 46PVX2369107Cosmos-31520 Dec 1969P521 x 556 km x 74.1BQ 4? 4#:7`'RR 46PVX2470024Cosmos-33007 Apr 1970P512 x 549 km x 74.1BH 464#:7`'RR 46PVX2570028Cosmos-33211 Apr 1970P755 x 761 km x 74.0H? 434#:7`'RR <>X^`2670036Cosmos-336/34325 Jun 1970P1412 x 1490 km x 74.0B646@4#:7`'RR 46PVX2770064Cosmos-358346@4OK320 Aug 1970P515 x 539 km x 74.0B34-A4#:7`'RR 46PVX2870083Cosmos-37112 Oct 1970P746 x 761 km x 74.0B6@4$B4#:7`'RR 46PVX2970086Cosmos-37216 Oct 1970P785 x 806 km x 74.1C-A4C4#:7`'RR 46PVX3070097Cosmos-37817 Nov 1970P233 x 1741 km x 74.0C$B4D4#:7`'RR 46PVX3170102Cosmos-38102 Dec 1970P985 x 1023 km x 74.0BC4 E4#:7`'RR 46PVX3270108Cosmos-38512 Dec 1970P978 x 986 km x 74.0BD4F4#:7`'RR 46PVX3370111Cosmos-38716 Dec 1970P528 x 537 km x 74.0B E4F4#:7`'RR 46PVX3471010Cosmos-39409 Feb 1971P574 x 619 km x 65.9BF4G4#:7`'RR 46PVX3571013Cosmos-39517 Feb 1971P529 x 545 km x 74.0CF4H4#:7`'RR 46PVX3671020Cosmos-40018 Mar 1971P996 x 1016 km x 65.8BG4I4#:7`'RR 46PVX3771035Cosmos-40723 Apr 1971P799 x 844 km x 74.1DH4J4#:7`'RR 46PVX3871038Cosmos-40928 Apr 1971P1185 x 1222 km x 74.0HI4K4#:7`'RR <>X^`3971041Cosmos-411/41807 May 1971P1405 x 1530 km x 74.5CJ4L4#:7`'RR 46PVX4071046Cosmos-42222 May 1971P994 x 1020 km x 74.0BK4M4#:7`'RR 46PVX4171050Cosmos-42529 May 1971P511 x 556 km x 74.0DL4N4#:7`'RR 46PVX4271052Cosmos-42604 Jun 1971P394 x 2012 km x 74.0vBM4O4#:7`'RR 46PVX4371074Cosmos-43607 Sep 1971P514 x 550 km x 74.0BN44#:7`'RRO44OK3 46PVX4471075Cosmos-43710 Sep 1971P523 x 559 km x 74.0O4e4#7`'RR ~BCDEFGsj.0JPR4571086A: Cosmos 0444B: Cosmos 0445C: Cosmos 0446D: Cosmos 0447E: Cosmos 0448F: Cosmos 0449G: Cosmos 0450H: Cosmos 045113 Oct 1971P1415 x 1550 km x 74.0D4^4#:7`'RR 46PVX4671099Cosmos-45720 Nov 1971P1129 x 1192 km x 74.0Be4U4#:7`'RR 46PVX4771102Cosmos-45929 Nov 1971P226 x 277 km x 65.8B^4L4#:7`'RR 46PVX4871103Cosmos-46030 Nov 1971P520 x 553 km x 74.0BU4C4#:7`'RR 46PVX4971105Cosmos-46102 Dec 1971P490 x 524 km x 69.2CL4;4#:7`'RR 46PVX5071111Cosmos-46515 Dec 1971P984 x 1023 km x 74.0BC424#:7`'RR 46PVX5171114Cosmos-46817 Dec 1971P788 x 830 km x 74.0D;414#F7`'RR 2y`68RXZ5271119Aureole 127 Dec 1971P410 x 2500 km x 74.0C24)4#:7`'RR 46PVX5372009Cosmos-47525 Feb 1972P977 x 1013 km x 74.0B14 4#:7`'RR 46PVX5472017Cosmos-47922 Mar 1972P517 x 549 km x 74.0D)44#:7`'RR 46PVX5572019Cosmos-48025 Mar 1972P1183 x 1212 km x 83.0C 44#:7`'RR 46PVX5672035Cosmos-48906 May 1972P980 x 1010 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX5772043Cosmos-49423 Jun 1972P791 x 825 km x 74.0E44#F7`'RR :<V\^5872053Cosmos 050010 Jul 1972P509 x 554 km x 74.044#7`'RR }~02LRT59720544OK37A: Cosmos 0504B: Cosmos 0505C: Cosmos 0506D: Cosmos 0507E: Cosmos 0508F: Cosmos 0509G: Cosmos 0510H: Cosmos 051119 Jul 1972P1425 x 1504 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX6072062Cosmos-51416 Aug 1972P959 x 999 km x 83.0C44#:7`'RR 46PVX6172074Cosmos-52129 Sep 1972P965 x 1192 km x 65.9H44#:7`'RR <>X^`6272087Cosmos-528/53501 Nov 1972P1375 x 1495 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX6372088Cosmos-53603 Nov 1972P514 x 555 km x 74.0D44#:7`'RR 46PVX6472102Cosmos-53921 Dec 1972P1353 x 1392 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX6572104Cosmos-54025 Dec 1972P779 x 823 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX6673003Cosmos-54420 Jan 1973P513 x 561 km x 74.0B44#:7`'RR 46PVX6773005Cosmos-54626 Jan 1973K584 x 630 km x 50.7B4|4#:7`'RR 46PVX6873010Cosmos-54928 Feb 1973P513 x 556 km x 74.0H4y4#:7`'RR <>X^`6973037Cosmos-564/57108 Jun 1973P1395 x 1485 km x 74.0C|4q4#:7`'RR 46PVX7073042Cosmos-57420 Jun 1973P996 x 1026 km x 83.0By4h4#:7`'RR 46PVX7173060Cosmos-58228 Aug 1973P521 x 559 km x 74.0Dq4a4#:7`'RR 46PVX7273064Cosmos-58508 Sep 1973P1385 x 1416 km x 74.0Ch4Y4#:7`'RR 46PVX7373065Cosmos-58614 Sep 1973P986 x 1020 km x 83.0a45#7`'RR ~+,XOPQRS.0JPR7473069A: Cosmos 0588B: Cosmos 0589C: Cosmos 0590D: Cosmos 0591E: Cosmos 0592F: Cosmos 0593G: Cosmos 0594H: Cosmos 059503 Oct 1973P1397 x 1512 km x Y45OK374.0GY45#:7`'RR <>X^`7573082Intercosmos-1030 Oct 1973P265 x 1477 km x 74.0B55#:7`'RR 46PVX7673093Cosmos-61027 Nov 1973P515 x 560 km x 74.0B55#:7`'RR 46PVX7773098Cosmos-61404 Dec 1973P770 x 830 km x 74.0H55#:7`'RR <>X^`7873104Cosmos-617/62419 Dec 1973P1400 x 1487 km x 74.0D55#F7`'RR 3y`68RXZ7973107Aureole 226 Dec 1973P407 x 1995 km x 74.0C55#:7`'RR 46PVX8073109Cosmos-62729 Dec 1973P974 x 1019 km x 82.9C55#:7`'RR 46PVX8174001Cosmos-62818 Jan 1974P975 x 1026 km x 83.0B55#:7`'RR 46PVX8274005Cosmos-63106 Feb 1974P522 x 656 km x 74.05 5#7`'RR ~.0JPR8374024A: Cosmos 0641B: Cosmos 0642C: Cosmos 0643D: Cosmos 0644E: Cosmos 0645F: Cosmos 0646G: Cosmos 0647H: Cosmos 064823 Apr 1974P1385 x 1508 km x 74.0D5 5#:7`'RR 46PVX8474028Cosmos-65029 Apr 1974P1380 x 1413 km x 74.0F 5 5#:7`'RR <>X^`8574034Intercosmos-1117 May 1974K483 x 511 km x 50.6B 5y 5#:7`'RR 46PVX8674035Cosmos-65521 May 1974P520 x 549 km x 74.0C 5q 5#:7`'RR 46PVX8774044Cosmos-66018 Jun 1974P409 x 1995 km x 83.0By 5h5#:7`'RR 46PVX8874045Cosmos-66121 Jun 1974P514 x 544 km x 74.0Cq 5`5#:7`'RR 46PVX8974048Cosmos-66327 Jun 1974P983 x 1017 km x 83.0Dh5e@5#:7`'RR 46PV`5e@5OK3X9074069Cosmos-67530 Aug 1974P1370 x 1429 km x 74.0B`5\A5#:7`'RR 46PVX9174071Cosmos-67611 Sep 1974P799 x 840 km x 74.0e@5 C5#7`'RR ~89:f]^_`.0JPR9274072A: Cosmos 0677B: Cosmos 0678C: Cosmos 0679D: Cosmos 0680E: Cosmos 0681F: Cosmos 0682G: Cosmos 0683H: Cosmos 068419 Sep 1974P1451 x 1519 km x 74.0B\A5D5#:7`'RR 46PVX9374076Cosmos-68711 Oct 1974P292 x 717 km x 74.0C C5D5#:7`'RR 46PVX9474079Cosmos-68919 Oct 1974P992 x 1032 km x 83.0FD5E5#:7`'RR <>X^`9574086Intercosmos-1231 Oct 1974P264 x 708 km x 74.1BD5F5#:7`'RR 46PVX9674100Cosmos-69818 Dec 1974P515 x 566 km x 74.0CE5G5#:7`'RR 46PVX9774105Cosmos-70026 Dec 1974P976 x 1012 km x 83.0BF5H5#:7`'RR 46PVX9875008Cosmos-70705 Feb 1975P505 x 550 km x 74.0DG5I5#:7`'RR 46PVX9975012Cosmos-70812 Feb 1975P1387 x 1428 km x 82.9H5K5#7`'RR~ijklmnop02LRT10075016A: Cosmos 0711B: Cosmos 0712C: Cosmos 0713D: Cosmos 0714E: Cosmos 0715F: Cosmos 0716G: Cosmos 0717H: Cosmos 071828 Feb 1975P1449 x 1530 km x 74.0HI5L5#:7`'RR>@Z`b10175022Intercosmos-1327 Mar 1975P296 x 1714 km x 83.0DK5xM5#:7`'RR68RXZ10275028Cosmos-72611 Apr 1975P972 x 1008 km x 83.0DL5wN5#F7`'RRG8:TZ\10375033Aryabhata19 Apr 1975K569 x 610 km x 50.7DxM5pO5#:7`'RR68RXZ10475034Cosmos-72923 Apr 1975P995 x 1023 km x 83.0wN5+5#7`'RR~pO5+5OK302LRT10575045A: Cosmos 0732B: Cosmos 0733C: Cosmos 0734D: Cosmos 0735E: Cosmos 0736F: Cosmos 0737G: Cosmos 0738H: Cosmos 073928 May 1975P1475 x 1532 km x 74.07pO55#Fn7`'RR46PVX$106n/aIntercosmos03 Jun 1975PfailureC+55#:7`'RR68RXZ10775062Cosmos-74904 Jul 1975P511 x 557 km x 74.0C5 5#:7`'RR68RXZ10875069Cosmos-75224 Jul 1975P480 x 526 km x 65.9D55#:7`'RR68RXZ10975074Cosmos-75514 Aug 1975P991 x 1025 km x 82.9I 55#:7`'RR>@Z`b11075086Cosmos-761/76817 Sep 1975P1454 x 1537 km x 74.0E55#:7`'RR68RXZ11175089Cosmos-77024 Sep 1975P1188 x 1222 km x 83.0C55#:7`'RR68RXZ11275094Cosmos-77330 Sep 1975P791 x 828 km x 74.1D55#:7`'RR68RXZ11375103Cosmos-77804 Nov 1975P989 x 1018 km x 83.0C55#:7`'RR68RXZ11475109Cosmos-78121 Nov 1975P508 x 557 km x 74.0C5ߊ5#:7`'RR68RXZ11575112Cosmos-78328 Nov 1975P797 x 838 km x 74.0H5܋5#:7`'RR>@Z`b11675115Intercosmos-1411 Dec 1975P345 x 1707 km x 74.0Cߊ5Ԍ5#:7`'RR68RXZ11776001Cosmos-78706 Jan 1976P519 x 564 km x 74.0D܋5͍5#:7`'RR68RXZ11876005Cosmos-78921 Jan 1976P993 x 1029 km x 83.0CԌ5Ŏ5#:7`'RR68RXZ11976007Cosmos-79023 Jan 1976P513 x 559 km x 74.0I͍5Ï5#:7`'RR>@Z`b12076008Cosmos-791/79828 Jan 1976P1453 x 1538 km x 74.0EŎ55#:7`'RRÏ55OK368RXZ12176011Cosmos-80003 Feb 1976P1000 x 1027 km x 83.0CÏ55#:7`'RR68RXZ12276014Cosmos-80312 Feb 1976P554 x 624 km x 66.0D55#:7`'RR68RXZ12376022Cosmos-80712 Mar 1976P403 x 1985 km x 83.0C55#:7`'RR68RXZ12476031Cosmos-81206 Apr 1976P504 x 558 km x 74.0C55#:7`'RR68RXZ12576037Cosmos-81628 Apr 1976P482 x 525 km x 65.9C55#:7`'RR68RXZ12676049Cosmos-82228 May 1976P284 x 729 km x 74.0D55#:7`'RR68RXZ12776051Cosmos-82303 Jun 1976P996 x 1023 km x 83.0I55#:7`'RR>@Z`b12876054Cosmos-825/83215 Jun 1976P1450 x 1530 km x 74.0G55#:7`'RR>@Z`b12976056Intercosmos-1519 Jun 1976P487 x 520 km x 74.0C55#:7`'RR68RXZ13076061Cosmos-83629 Jun 1976P796 x 843 km x 74.0D55#:7`'RR68RXZ13176067Cosmos-83908 Jul 1976P984 x 2102 km x 65.9C5~5#:7`'RR68RXZ13276069Cosmos-84115 Jul 1976P789 x 826 km x 74.0D5w5#:7`'RR68RXZ13376070Cosmos-84221 Jul 1976P987 x 1023 km x 83.0C~5o5#:7`'RR68RXZ13476075Cosmos-84527 Jul 1976P505 x 557 km x 74.0Gw5k5#:7`'RR>@Z`b13576076Intercosmos-1627 Jul 1976K465 x 876 km x 50.6Do5d5#:7`'RR68RXZ13676078Cosmos-84630 Jul 1976P967 x 1025 km x 83.0Ck5h6#:7`'RR68Rd5h6OK3XZ13776098Cosmos-85829 Sep 1976P792 x 833 km x 74.0Dd5a6#:7`'RR68RXZ13876108Cosmos-86429 Oct 1976P980 x 1021 km x 83.0Ch6Y6#:7`'RR68RXZ13976115Cosmos-87002 Dec 1976P514 x 560 km x 74.0Ia6W6#:7`'RR>@Z`b14076118Cosmos-871/87807 Dec 1976P1480 x 1520 km x 74.0CY6O6#:7`'RR68RXZ14176120Cosmos-88009 Dec 1976P562 x 624 km x 66.0DW6H6#:7`'RR68RXZ14276122Cosmos-88315 Dec 1976P975 x 1073 km x 83.0CO6@6#:7`'RR68RXZ14376124Cosmos-88517 Dec 1976P470 x 513 km x 66.0DH696#:7`'RR68RXZ14476128Cosmos-88728 Dec 1976P973 x 1030 km x 83.0E@636#:7`'RR68RXZ14577004Cosmos-89020 Jan 1977P1000 x 1032 km x 83.0C96+ 6#:7`'RR68RXZ14677006Cosmos-89102 Feb 1977P466 x 518 km x 65.8D36$ 6#:7`'RR68RXZ14777011Cosmos-89315 Feb 1977P341 x 1703 km x 74.0D+ 6 6#:7`'RR68RXZ14877013Cosmos-89421 Feb 1977P988 x 1026 km x 83.0C$ 6 6#:7`'RR68RXZ14977022Cosmos-89925 Mar 1977P505 x 552 km x 74.1C 6 6#:7`'RR68RXZ15077023Cosmos-90030 Mar 1977P460 x 523 km x 83.0C 66#:7`'RR68RXZ15177031Cosmos-90627 Apr 1977K466 x 523 km x 50.7D 66#:7`'RR68RXZ15277036Cosmos-90919 May 1977P991 x 2112 km x 65.8D6 @6#:7`'RR68RXZ15377039Cosmos-91125 May 1977P984 x 1018 km x 82.96 @6OK3C6A6#:7`'RR68RXZ15477042Cosmos-91331 May 1977P475 x 523 km x 74.0B @6B6#F7`'RRo546PVX15577049Signe 317 Jun 1977K457 x 522 km x 50.6CA6B6#:7`'RR68RXZ15677059Cosmos-92301 Jul 1977P804 x 842 km x 74.0CB6C6#:7`'RR68RXZ15777060Cosmos-92405 Jul 1977P514 x 560 km x 74.0DB6D6#:7`'RR68RXZ15877062Cosmos-92609 Jul 1977P997 x 1025 km x 82.9DC6E6#:7`'RR68RXZ15977064Cosmos-92813 Jul 1977P977 x 1022 km x 83.0CD6F6#:7`'RR68RXZ16077067Cosmos-93019 Jul 1977P482 x 528 km x 74.0CE6G6#:7`'RR68RXZ16177070Cosmos-93322 Jul 1977P385 x 418 km x 65.8IF6H6#:7`'RR>@Z`b16277079Cosmos-939/94624 Aug 1977P1448 x 1518 km x 74.0DG6I6#:7`'RR68RXZ16377087Cosmos-95113 Sep 1977P989 x 1029 km x 83.0GH6J6#:7`'RR>@Z`b16477096Intercosmos-1724 Sep 1977P468 x 519 km x 83.0CI6K6#:7`'RR68RXZ16577101Cosmos-95921 Oct 1977P153 x 890 km x 66.0CJ6L6#:7`'RR68RXZ16677103Cosmos-96025 Oct 1977P505 x 549 km x 74.0DK6M6#:7`'RR68RXZ16777107Cosmos-96228 Oct 1977P983 x 1022 km x 83.0EL6N6#:7`'RR68RXZ16877109Cosmos-96323 Nov 1977P1182 x 1210 km x 82.9CM6O6#:7`'RR68RXZ16977111Cosmos-96508 Dec 1977P469 x 520 km x 74.0DN66#:7`'RRO66OK368RXZ17077116Cosmos-96713 Dec 1977P973 x 1013 km x 66.0CO66#:7`'RR68RXZ17177119Cosmos-96816 Dec 1977P783 x 822 km x 74.0D66#:7`'RR68RXZ17277122Cosmos-97123 Dec 1977P993 x 1021 km x 83.0I66#:7`'RR>@Z`b17378005Cosmos-976/98310 Jan 1978P1450 x 1500 km x 74.0D66#:7`'RR68RXZ17478007Cosmos-98517 Jan 1978P960 x 1032 km x 83.0C66#:7`'RR68RXZ17578019Cosmos-99017 Feb 1978P783 x 824 km x 74.0D66#:7`'RR68RXZ17678022Cosmos-99128 Feb 1978P972 x 1022 km x 83.0D6x6#:7`'RR68RXZ17778028Cosmos-99415 Mar 1978P996 x 1023 km x 82.9D6q6#:7`'RR68RXZ17878031Cosmos-99628 Mar 1978P970 x 1021 km x 82.9Gx6s6#F7`'RRu0w<>X^`17978034Cosmos 100031 Mar 1978P978 x 1024 km x 83.0Dq6l6#:7`'RR8:TZ\18078046Cosmos-100612 May 1978P383 x 417 km x 65.8Ds6e6#:7`'RR8:TZ\18178049Cosmos-100817 May 1978P501 x 551 km x 74.0El6_6#:7`'RR8:TZ\18278053Cosmos-101123 May 1978P978 x 1026 km x 82.9Ke6_6#:7`'RRBD^df18378056Cosmos-1013/102007 Jun 1978P1456 x 1539 km x 74.0D_6X6#:7`'RR8:TZ\18478063Cosmos-102321 Jun 1978P784 x 822 km x 74.1E_6R6#:7`'RR8:TZ\18578074Cosmos-102727 Jul 1978P979 x 1015 km x 82.9KX6^6#:7`'RRBD^dfR6^6OK318678091Cosmos-1034/104104 Oct 1978P1458 x 1538 km x 74.0ZR6z6#T7`'RR*=ԉL$df18778099A: Intercosmos 18B: Magion 125 Oct 1978P407 x 768 km x 83.0D^6s6#:7`'RR8:TZ\18878105Cosmos-104817 Nov 1978P788 x 824 km x 74.0Kz6s6#:7`'RRBD^df18978109Cosmos-1051/105805 Dec 1978P1451 x 1530 km x 74.0Ds6l6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19078115Cosmos-106215 Dec 1978P508 x 548 km x 74.0Ds6e6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19178119Cosmos-106421 Dec 1978P435 x 991 km x 83.0Dl6^6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19278120Cosmos-106523 Dec 1978K346 x 556 km x 50.7Fe6Y6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19378122Cosmos-106726 Dec 1978P1184 x 1226 km x 83.0E^6S6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19479003Cosmos-107216 Jan 1979P983 x 1030 km x 83.0DY6L6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19579010Cosmos-107508 Feb 1979P475 x 521 km x 65.8GS6H6#:7`'RR>@Z`b19679020Intercosmos-1928 Feb 1979P502 x 996 km x 74.0KL6H6#:7`'RRBD^df19779026Cosmos-1081/108815 Mar 1979P1455 x 1586 km x 74.0EH6B6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19879026Cosmos-108921 Mar 1979P986 x 1016 km x 83.0EH6<6#:7`'RR8:TZ\19979028Cosmos-109107 Apr 1979P985 x 1024 km x 83.0EB666#:7`'RR8:TZ\20079030Cosmos-109212 Apr 1979P983 x 1021 km x 83.0E<606#:7`'RR8:TZ\20179046Cosmos-110431 May 1979P979 x 1022 km x 83.0E66<7#F7`'RRe艂:<V\^20279051Bhask06<7OK3ara 107 Jun 1979K512 x 557 km x 50.7D0657#:7`'RR8:TZ\20379060Cosmos-111028 Jun 1979P792 x 833 km x 74.0D<7.7#:7`'RR8:TZ\20479063Cosmos-111206 Jul 1979K345 x 552 km x 50.7D57'7#:7`'RR8:TZ\20579065Cosmos-111411 Jul 1979P507 x 558 km x 74.0D.7 7#:7`'RR8:TZ\20679078Cosmos-112528 Aug 1979P795 x 834 km x 74.0K'7 7#:7`'RRBD^df20779084Cosmos-1130/113726 Sep 1979P1446 x 1514 km x 74.0D 77#:7`'RR8:TZ\20879089Cosmos-114011 Oct 1979P781 x 818 km x 74.0E 77#:7`'RR8:TZ\20979090Cosmos-114116 Oct 1979P976 x 1014 km x 82.9G77#:7`'RR>@Z`b21079096Intercosmos-2001 Nov 1979P467 x 523 km x 74.0D7 7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21179100Cosmos-114605 Dec 1979P441 x 497 km x 65.9E7 7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21280003Cosmos-115014 Jan 1980P989 x 1023 km x 83.0E 7 7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21380007Cosmos-115325 Jan 1980P983 x 1031 km x 83.0K 7 7#:7`'RRBD^df21480012Cosmos-1156/116311 Feb 1980P1450 x 1528 km x 74.0E 7 7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21580022Cosmos-116818 Mar 1980P981 x 1026 km x 82.9D 7 7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21680023Cosmos-116927 Mar 1980P478 x 521 km x 65.8E 77#:7`'RR8:TZ\21780026Cosmos-117103 Apr 1980P976 x 1017 km x 65.8E 7 @7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21880037Cosmos-117914 May 1980P310 x 1570 km x 83.07 @7OK3E7A7#:7`'RR8:TZ\21980039Cosmos-118120 May 1980P992 x 1020 km x 83.0D @7A7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22080047Cosmos-118606 Jun 1980P473 x 519 km x 74.0DA7B7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22180056Cosmos-119001 Jul 1980P792 x 829 km x 74.0KA7C7#:7`'RRBD^df22280058Cosmos-1192/119909 Jul 1980P1451 x 1522 km x 74.0DB7D7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22380067Cosmos-120431 Jul 1980K346 x 546 km x 50.7DC7E7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22480083Cosmos-121514 Oct 1980P499 x 553 km x 74.0ED7F7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22580097Cosmos-122505 Dec 1980P967 x 1041 km x 82.9EE7G7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22680099Cosmos-122610 Dec 1980P982 x 1025 km x 83.0KF7H7#:7`'RRBD^df22780102Cosmos-1228/123524 Dec 1980P1415 x 1491 km x 74.0EG7I7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22881003Cosmos-123816 Jan 1981P411 x 1976 km x 83.0EH7J7#:7`'RR8:TZ\22981006Cosmos-124121 Jan 1981P973 x 1009 km x 65.8GI7K7#:7`'RR>@Z`b23081011Intercosmos-2106 Feb 1981P475 x 520 km x 74.0EJ7L7#:7`'RR8:TZ\23181013Cosmos-124412 Feb 1981P975 x 1024 km x 82.9KK7M7#:7`'RRBD^df23281022Cosmos-1250/125706 Mar 1981P1450 x 1500 km x 74.0EL7N7#:7`'RR8:TZ\23381033Cosmos-126309 Apr 1981P430 x 1989 km x 83.0DM7O7#:7`'RR8:TZ\23481041Cosmos-126907 May 1981P797 x 833 km x 74.0EN77#:7`'RRO77OK38:TZ\23581053Cosmos-127504 Jun 1981P983 x 1026 km x 83.0KO77#:7`'RRBD^df23681074Cosmos-1287/129406 Aug 1981P1446 x 1508 km x 74.0E77#:7`'RR8:TZ\23781077Cosmos-129512 Aug 1981P966 x 1026 km x 82.9D77#:7`'RR8:TZ\23881084Cosmos-130228 Aug 1981P783 x 824 km x 74.0D77#:7`'RR8:TZ\23981087Cosmos-130404 Sep 1981P917 x 984 km x 83.0E77#:7`'RR8:TZ\24081091Cosmos-130818 Sep 1981P978 x 1017 km x 82.9D77#:7`'RR8:TZ\24181095Cosmos-131023 Sep 1981P478 x 524 km x 65.9D77#:7`'RR8:TZ\24281097Cosmos-131129 Sep 1981P470 x 521 km x 83.0E77#F7`'RRe艂:<V\^24381115Bhaskara 220 Nov 1981K514 x 557 km x 50.7K77#:7`'RRBD^df24481116Cosmos-1320/132728 Nov 1981P1507 x 1632 km x 74.0G77#:7`'RR:<V\^24581120Radio 3 to 817 Dec 1981P1685 x 1794 km x 83.0D77#:7`'RR8:TZ\24682001Cosmos-133107 Jan 1982P776 x 819 km x 74.0E77#:7`'RR8:TZ\24782003Cosmos-133314 Jan 1982P989 x 1029 km x 82.9D77#:7`'RR8:TZ\24882007Cosmos-133529 Jan 1982P487 x 535 km x 74.0E7{7#:7`'RR8:TZ\24982012Cosmos-133918 Feb 1982P975 x 1029 km x 82.9E7u7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25082024Cosmos-134424 Mar 1982P987 x 1023 km x 82.9D{7z7#:7`'RR8:u7z7OK3TZ\25182026Cosmos-134531 Mar 1982P507 x 550 km x 74.0Eu7t7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25282030Cosmos-134908 Apr 1982P989 x 1025 km x 83.0Dz7m7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25382034Cosmos-135121 Apr 1982K349 x 555 km x 50.7Dt7f7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25482037Cosmos-135428 Apr 1982P795 x 829 km x 74.0Km7f7#:7`'RRBD^df25582040Cosmos-1357/136406 May 1982P1449 x 1520 km x 74.0Df7_7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25682051Cosmos-137101 Jun 1982P793 x 833 km x 74.1Df7X7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25782054Cosmos-137403 Jun 1982K158 x 204 km x 50.7E_7R7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25882055Cosmos-137506 Jun 1982P990 x 1021 km x 65.9DX7K7#:7`'RR8:TZ\25982061Cosmos-138018 Jun 1982P156 x 732 km x 82.9FR7F7#:7`'RR8:TZ\26082066Cosmos-138329 Jun 1982P1004 x 1041 km x 83.0EK7@7#:7`'RR8:TZ\26182069Cosmos-138607 Jul 1982P965 x 1010 km x 83.0KF7@7#:7`'RRBD^df26282073Cosmos-1388/139521 Jul 1982P1448 x 1515 km x 74.0D@797#:7`'RR8:TZ\26382076Cosmos-139729 Jul 1982K346 x 549 km x 50.7E@737#:7`'RR8:TZ\26482102Cosmos-141719 Oct 1982P978 x 1023 km x 83.0D97,7#:7`'RR8:TZ\26582104Cosmos-141821 Oct 1982K362 x 417 km x 50.7D37%7#:7`'RR8:TZ\26682109Cosmos-142011 Nov 1982P782 x 820 km x 74.0D,7*8#:7`'RR8:TZ\26782121Cosmos-142729 Dec 19%7*8OK382P460 x 494 km x 65.8E%7$8#:7`'RR8:TZ\26883001Cosmos-142812 Jan 1983P972 x 1017 km x 82.9I*8"8#:7`'RRBD^df26983002Cosmos-1429/143619 Jan 1983P629 x 678 km x 81.2D$88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27083017Cosmos-144515 Mar 1983K158 x 208 km x 50.7E"88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27183021Cosmos-144725 Mar 1983P975 x 1025 km x 83.0E88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27283023Cosmos-144828 Mar 1983P977 x 1017 km x 83.0D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27383027Cosmos-145007 Apr 1983P474 x 515 km x 65.9D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27483031Cosmos-145212 Apr 1983P786 x 826 km x 74.0D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27583034Cosmos-145319 Apr 1983P473 x 520 km x 74.0E88#:7`'RR8:TZ\27683042Cosmos-145906 May 1983P960 x 1028 km x 83.0E8 8#:7`'RR8:TZ\27783046Cosmos-146319 May 1983P307 x 1530 km x 82.9E8 8#:7`'RR8:TZ\27883048Cosmos-146424 May 1983P985 x 1022 km x 82.9D 8 8#:7`'RR8:TZ\27983049Cosmos-146526 May 1983K349 x 551 km x 50.7K 8 8#:7`'RRBD^df28083069Cosmos-1473/148006 Jul 1983P1488 x 1511 km x 74.0D 8 8#:7`'RR8:TZ\28183079Cosmos-148603 Aug 1983P786 x 820 km x 74.1D 88#:7`'RR8:TZ\28283091Cosmos-149431 Aug 1983K341 x 561 km x 50.7D 88#:7`'RR8:TZ\28383101Cosmos-150130 Sep 1983P470 x 516 km x 82.9D8@8#:7`'RR8@8OK38:TZ\28483102Cosmos-150205 Oct 1983P372 x 411 km x 65.8D8A8#:7`'RR8:TZ\28583103Cosmos-150312 Oct 1983P791 x 827 km x 74.0E@8B8#:7`'RR8:TZ\28683108Cosmos-150626 Oct 1983P969 x 1026 km x 83.0EA8C8#:7`'RR8:TZ\28783111Cosmos-150811 Nov 1983P400 x 1964 km x 83.0EB8D8#:7`'RR8:TZ\28883120Cosmos-151308 Dec 1983P977 x 1029 km x 83.0DC8E8#:7`'RR8:TZ\28983125Cosmos-151727 Dec 1983K208 x 288 km x 50.7KD8F8#:7`'RRBD^df29084001Cosmos-1522/152905 Jan 1984P1449 x 1510 km x 74.0EE8G8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29184003Cosmos-153111 Jan 1984P994 x 1023 km x 82.9DF8H8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29284007Cosmos-153426 Jan 1984P470 x 519 km x 65.8EG8I8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29384010Cosmos-153501 Feb 1984P974 x 1029 km x 83.0DH8J8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29484019Cosmos-153821 Feb 1984P781 x 820 km x 74.0EI8K8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29584043Cosmos-155011 May 1984P993 x 1025 km x 83.0EJ8L8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29684046Cosmos-155317 May 1984P997 x 1020 km x 82.9KK8M8#:7`'RRBD^df29784052Cosmos-1559/156628 May 1984P1444 x 1512 km x 74.0DL8N8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29884056Cosmos-157008 Jun 1984P792 x 830 km x 74.0EM8~O8#:7`'RR8:TZ\29984062Cosmos-157421 Jun 1984P985 x 1021 km x 83.0EN88#:7`'RR8~O88OK3:TZ\30084067Cosmos-157727 Jun 1984P974 x 1023 km x 83.0E~O8~8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30184068Cosmos-157828 Jun 1984K296 x 1673 km x 50.7E8x8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30284100Cosmos-159813 Sep 1984P987 x 1029 km x 83.0D~8q8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30384104Cosmos-160127 Sep 1984P477 x 521 km x 65.8Ex8k8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30484109Cosmos-160511 Oct 1984P969 x 1031 km x 82.9Eq8e8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30584118Cosmos-161015 Nov 1984P987 x 1027 km x 83.0Dk8^8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30684126Cosmos-161419 Dec 1984K208 x 228 km x 50.7De8W8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30784127Cosmos-161520 Dec 1984P437 x 501 km x 65.9D^8P8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30885006Cosmos-162417 Jan 1985P787 x 825 km x 74.0EW8J8#:7`'RR8:TZ\30985011Cosmos-162701 Feb 1985P977 x 1031 km x 82.9DP8C8#:7`'RR8:TZ\31085018Cosmos-163127 Feb 1985T474 x 517 km x 65.9EJ8=8#:7`'RR8:TZ\31185022Cosmos-163414 Mar 1985P976 x 1024 km x 82.9KC8=8#:7`'RRBD^df31285023Cosmos-1635/164221 Mar 1985P1482 x 1526 km x 74.0E=878#:7`'RR8:TZ\31385041Cosmos-165530 May 1985P992 x 1019 km x 82.9D=808#:7`'RR8:TZ\31485050Cosmos-166219 Jun 1985P478 x 521 km x 65.9D78)8#:7`'RR8:TZ\31585079Cosmos-168004 Sep 1985P787 x 822 km x 74.1D08.8#:7`'RR8:TZ\31685089Cosmos-168802 Oc)8.8OK3t 1985K347 x 548 km x 50.7E)8(8#:7`'RR8:TZ\31785110Cosmos-170428 Nov 1985P986 x 1023 km x 82.9E.8"8#:7`'RR8:TZ\31885116Cosmos-170919 Dec 1985P982 x 1026 km x 82.9K(8"8#:7`'RRBD^df31986002Cosmos-1716/172309 Jan 1986P1447 x 1516 km x 74.0E"88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32086005Cosmos-172516 Jan 1986P989 x 1016 km x 82.9E"88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32186008Cosmos-172723 Jan 1986P982 x 1029 km x 82.9D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32286030Cosmos-174118 Apr 1986P784 x 824 km x 74.0E8 8#:7`'RR8:TZ\32386037Cosmos-174523 May 1986P984 x 1024 km x 83.0K8 8#:7`'RRBD^df32486042Cosmos-1748/175506 Jun 1986P1400 x 1500 km x 74.0E 88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32586047Cosmos-175918 Jun 1986P985 x 1016 km x 82.9D 88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32686052Cosmos-176316 Jul 1986P761 x 814 km x 74.1D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32786067Cosmos-177603 Sep 1986P478 x 521 km x 74.0D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32886070Cosmos-177709 Sep 1986P781 x 819 km x 74.0D88#:7`'RR8:TZ\32986083Cosmos-178827 Oct 1986P468 x 517 km x 65.8E88#:7`'RR8:TZ\33086086Cosmos-179113 Nov 1986P972 x 1026 km x 83.0K88#:7`'RRBD^df33186092Cosmos-1794/180121 Nov 1986P1500 x 1500 km x 74.0E88#:7`'RR8:TZ\33286093Cosmos-180224 Nov 1986P985 x 1038 km x 83.0E89#:7`'89OK3RR8:TZ\33386100Cosmos-180817 Dec 1986P995 x 1033 km x 83.0D89#:7`'RR8:TZ\33487006Cosmos-181421 Jan 1987P775 x 815 km x 74.0D99#:7`'RR8:TZ\33587007Cosmos-181522 Jan 1987K345 x 550 km x 50.7E99#:7`'RR8:TZ\33687009Cosmos-181629 Jan 1987P980 x 1024 km x 82.9E99#:7`'RR8:TZ\33787017Cosmos-182118 Feb 1987P983 x 1029 km x 82.9F99#F7`'RR,!w<>X^`33887049Cosmos 185009 Jun 1987P783 x 806 km x 74.09w9#7`'RR~$!w%!w&!w'!w(!w)!w*!w+!w02LRT33987051A: Cosmos 1852B: Cosmos 1853C: Cosmos 1854D: Cosmos 1855E: Cosmos 1856F: Cosmos 1857G: Cosmos 1858H: Cosmos 185916 Jun 1987P1440 x 1507 km x 74.0F9x9#F7`'RRN!w<>X^`34087054Cosmos 186123 Jun 1987P982 x 997 km x 82.9Ew9r 9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34187057Cosmos-186407 Jul 1987P977 x 1019 km x 83.0Dx9k 9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34287061Cosmos-186814 Jul 1987P279 x 726 km x 74.0Er 9e 9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34387087Cosmos-189114 Oct 1987P957 x 1030 km x 83.0Dk 9^ 9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34487098Cosmos-189801 Dec 1987P777 x 810 km x 74.0De 9W 9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34587103Cosmos-190215 Dec 1987P373 x 417 km x 66.0E^ 9Q9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34687106Cosmos-190423 Dec 1987P969 x 1008 km x 82.9W 9 @9#7`'RR~'w'w'w'w'w'w(w(w02LRT34788016A: Cosmos 1924B: Cosmos 1925C: Cosmos 1926D: Cosmos 1927E: Cosmos 1928F: Cosmos 1929G: Cosmos 1930H: Cosmos 193111 Mar 1988P1400 x 1500 km x 74.0Q9 @9OK3GQ9A9#F7`'RR (w<>X^`34888023Cosmos 193422 Mar 1988P952 x 1009 km x 83.0D @9B9#:7`'RR8:TZ\34988029Cosmos-193705 Apr 1988P774 x 813 km x 74.0DA9C9#:7`'RR8:TZ\35088053Cosmos-195421 Jun 1988P780 x 806 km x 74.0FB9D9#F7`'RRc(w<>X^`35188060Cosmos 195814 Jul 1988P375 x 417 km x 65.8GC9E9#F7`'RRd(w<>X^`35288062Cosmos 195918 Jul 1988P975 x 1019 km x 83.0FD9F9#F7`'RR(w<>X^`35388065Cosmos 196028 Jul 1988P475 x 518 km x 65.9FE9G9#F7`'RR )w<>X^`35489005Cosmos 199226 Jan 1989P777 x 814 km x 74.0GF9H9#F7`'RRgx<>X^`35589012Cosmos 200214 Feb 1989P187 x 2315 km x 65.8GG9 I9#F7`'RRgx<>X^`35689017Cosmos 200422 Feb 1989P993 x 1031 km x 83.0H9J9#7`'RR~gxgxex|ex}ex~exexex02LRT35789025A: Cosmos 2008B: Cosmos 2009C: Cosmos 2010D: Cosmos 2011E: Cosmos 2012F: Cosmos 2013G: Cosmos 2014H: Cosmos 201524 Mar 1989P1445 x 1510 km x 74.0G I9K9#F7`'RRex<>X^`35889028Cosmos 201604 Apr 1989P970 x 1010 km x 82.9GJ9L9#F7`'RRex<>X^`35989042Cosmos 202607 Jun 1989P970 x 1020 km x 82.9FK9M9#F7`'RRex<>X^`36089045Cosmos 202714 Jun 1989P480 x 510 km x 65.8FL9N9#F7`'RRR򲟉:<V\^36189050Nadezhda 104 Jul 1989P980 x 1020 km x 83.0GM9O9#F7`'RRex<>X^`36289059Cosmos 203425 Jul 1989P970 x 1010 km x 82.9FN9̀9#F7`'RRO9̀9OK3-fx<>X^`36390004Cosmos 205618 Jan 1990P775 x 810 km x 74.0GO9ρ9#F7`'RR0fx<>X^`36490012Cosmos 205906 Feb 1990P190 x 2280 km x 65.8F̀9Ђ9#F7`'RRS򲟉:<V\^36590017Nadezhda 227 Feb 1990P956 x 1021 km x 83.0Gρ9҃9#F7`'RRSfx<>X^`36690023Cosmos 206120 Mar 1990P973 x 1017 km x 82.9Ђ99#7`'RR~VfxWfxXfxYfxZfx[fxfx~fx02LRT36790029A: Cosmos 2064B: Cosmos 2065C: Cosmos 2066D: Cosmos 2067E: Cosmos 2068F: Cosmos 2069G: Cosmos 2070H: Cosmos 207106 Apr 1990P1415 x 1563 km x 74.0G҃99#F7`'RRfx<>X^`36890036Cosmos 207420 Apr 1990P967 x 1006 km x 83.0D9|9#:7`'RR8:TZ\36990038Cosmos-207525 Apr 1990P515 x 584 km x 74.0E9v9#:7`'RR8:TZ\37090078Cosmos-209828 Aug 1990P407 x 2001 km x 82.9G|9x9#F7`'RR&x<>X^`37190083Cosmos 210014 Sep 1990P984 x 1027 km x 82.9Fv9y9#F7`'RR|$x<>X^`37290111Cosmos 211210 Dec 1990P770 x 820 km x 74.1Fx9z9#F7`'RRn!:<V\^37391006Informator29 Jan 1991P960 x 1000 km x 83.0Gy9|9#F7`'RR$x<>X^`37491007Cosmos 212305 Feb 1991P981 x 1019 km x 82.9Kz9|9#:7`'RRBD^df37591009Cosmos-2125/213212 Feb 1991P1452 x 1495 km x 74.0E|9v9#:7`'RR8:TZ\37691013Cosmos-213526 Feb 1991P925 x 1020 km x 82.8F|9w9#F7`'RRT򲟉:<V\^37791019Nadezhda 312 Mar 1991P960 x 1000 km x 82.9Dv9|9#:7`'RR8:w9|9OK3TZ\37891021Cosmos-213719 Mar 1991T448 x 495 km x 65.8Gw9~9#F7`'RR$x<>X^`37991029Cosmos 214216 Apr 1991P983 x 1031 km x 83.0D|9w9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38091041Cosmos-215011 Jun 1991P780 x 810 km x 74.0E~9q9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38191059Cosmos-215422 Aug 1991P990 x 1020 km x 82.9Dw9j9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38291072Cosmos-216410 Oct 1991P290 x 720 km x 74.0Gq9l9#F7`'RR%x<>X^`38391081Cosmos 217327 Nov 1991P965 x 1030 km x 82.9Ej9f9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38492008Cosmos-218017 Feb 1992P980 x 1030 km x 82.9El9`9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38592012Cosmos-218109 Mar 1992P995 x 1030 km x 82.9Ef9Z9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38692020Cosmos-218415 Apr 1992P990 x 1030 km x 82.9N`9]9#:7`'RRHJdjl38792030Cosmos-2187 to 219403 Jun 1992P1445 x 1505 km x 74.0EZ9W9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38892036Cosmos-219501 Jul 1992P975 x 1025 km x 82.9D]9P9#:7`'RR8:TZ\38992053Cosmos-220812 Aug 1992P790 x 810 km x 74.0GW9R9#F7`'RR+x<>X^`39092073Cosmos 221829 Oct 1992P970 x 1015 km x 82.9GP9T9#F7`'RR,x<>X^`39193001Cosmos 223012 Jan 1993P990 x 1020 km x 83.0GR9V9#F7`'RR ,x<>X^`39293008Cosmos 223309 Feb 1993P970 x 1020 km x 82.9GT9X9#F7`'RR,x<>X^`39393020Cosmos 223901 Apr 1993P980 x 1010 km x 82.9FV9e:#F7`'RR`,x<>X^X9e:OK3`39493036Cosmos 225116 Jun 1993P780 x 820 km x 74.0GX9g:#F7`'RR,x<>X^`39593067Cosmos 226526 Oct 1993P300 x 1600 km x 82.9Ge:i:#F7`'RR,x<>X^`39693070Cosmos 226602 Nov 1993P960 x 1030 km x 82.9Gg:k:#F7`'RR,x<>X^`39794024Cosmos 227926 Apr 1994P973 x 1019 km x 82.9Fi:l:#F7`'RRU򲟉:<V\^39894041Nadezhda 414 Jul 1994P977 x 1018 km x 82.9Gk:n:#F7`'RR,x<>X^`39994045Cosmos 228502 Aug 1994P974 x 1013 km x 74.0Gl:p:#F7`'RR -x<>X^`40094061Cosmos 229227 Sep 1994P400 x 1950 km x 83.0Fn:q:#F7`'RR-x<>X^`40194083Cosmos 229820 Dec 1994P785 x 810 km x 74.0Ep:q:#F7`'RReL͉8:TZ\40295002Tsikada 124 Jan 1995P982 x 1031 km x 82.9Fq:r :#F7`'RRu4x<>X^`40395008Cosmos 230602 Mar 1995P472 x 519 km x 65.5Gq:t :#F7`'RR2x<>X^`40495012Cosmos 231022 Mar 1995P996 x 1024 km x 82.9Gr :v :#F7`'RR2x<>X^`40595032Cosmos 231505 Jul 1995P988 x 1027 km x 82.9Ft :w :#F7`'RR3x<>X^`40695052Cosmos 232106 Oct 1995P258 x 793 km x 82.9Gv :y :#F7`'RR3x<>X^`40796004Cosmos 232716 Jan 1996P952 x 1021 km x 83.0Gw :{:#F7`'RRD3x<>X^`40896025Cosmos 233224 Apr 1996P303 x 1575 km x 83.02y :h:#Fd7`'RRF3x<>X^`40996052Cosmos 233405 Sep 1996P2{:a@:#Fd7`'RRH3x<>h:a@:OK3X^`41096071Cosmos 233620 Dec 1996P2h:NA:#Fd7`'RRn3x<>X^`41197017Cosmos 234117 Apr 1997P4a@:CB:#Rh7`'RR"s3x&>@\bd41297052Cosmos 234623 Sep 1997P&NA:iB:# 8CB:B:1fxwB:JC:D<CycloneDiB:B:5 : " Cyclonee4B:JC:1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsJ#B:C:' F Origin: ICBM of third generationJC:JF:& !In the early sixties, Yangel was successful in the competition opposing the R-9 of Korolev to the UR-200 of Chelomei missiles for the providing of ICBMs of second generation. His two-stage R-16 missile (SS-7 Saddler) was 31 m in height, 3 m diameter and weighed 150 tons. Despite the important accident that occured on first test in October 1960 the R-16 was deployed in 190 silos. A space launcher project derived from the R-16 named 64S2 or Cyclone was abandonned.The second ICBM of the KB Yantel was the R-26/8K66 missile. It seems that this program did not reach the flight tests phase. (some sources state that R-26 is the ground surface of SS-8)}C:J:' The third ICBM of the KB Yantel (now NPO Yuzhnoye) in Ukraine was the R-36 /8K67 (SS-9 Scarp). The DoD counted 5 variants of this third generation missile: Mod 1 the original design, Mod 2 the serial model with unique payload. From Mod 3, tested as a FOBS (Fractional Orbit Bomb System), the missile was designated R-36-0/8K69. It was followed by the Mod 4 equipped with 4 MRVs and the Mod 5, an ASAT (AntiSATellite) weapon.The basic rocket had 2 stages both 3 m diameter wide. The SS-9 Mod 2 was 36 m in height and weighed 190 tons. It was the biggest known missile at that time. The first stage featured a propulsion system with 6 combustion chambers (RD-251) using NTO/UDMH. The engines burned during 120 seconds providing 2450 kN at ground level and 2750 kN in vacuum thrust (Isp = 309 seconds). Four steerable verniers enabled the flight control and the motor thrust balance during the stages separation. The second stage was powered by a two-chambers RD-252 motor burning the same propellants. It provided 883 kN thrust (Isp = 293 seconds) during 125 seconds. Moreover the missile's RV had it's own engine... making the vehicle 3 stages.JF:K:% AThe testings went on during several years (1963-65 for Mod 1 & 2, the 1969-70 and 1973 for Mod 4). A total of about 300 missiles were deployed from 1966 on.@J:K:' 2 2-stage R-36 launchers]K:N:8 >qi- In the early sixties two projects of Fractional Orbit Bombardment Systems (FOBS) launchers were being designed by the soviets: the GR-1 (SS-10 Scrag) and the Yantel R-36 in version 3. The former was cancelled after 1965.The second named F1r / SL11 in the US was tested 18 times from Tyuratam between 1966 and 1971: 2 un-official flights in 1966 and 16 Cosmos (including Cosmos 316 which decayed accidentally in the Western USA).Note: a FOBS-type RV (provided by Khrunichev/KB Saliout) was used in January 1995 for the German & Japanese EXPRESS experiment which was incorrectly orbited by Mu-3S.K:q:9 @Iqid/{The launcher known as F1m / SL-11 was developed as antisatellite system. In a first stage (1968-1970) the same launcher was used from Tyuratam to launch target and interceptors in the Cosmos program. From February 1971 on, targets were launched by Cosmos C1 / SL8 from Plesetsk. The program stopped in 1982.MeanwhN:q:iB:ile the launcher would have been equipped on an enhanced second stage for conventional space operations. According to Jane's Space Directory the new motor would provide 956 kN in vacuum (ISp = 324 seconds) during up to 160 seconds. This launcher known as Cyclone 2 (11K79) was used to launch reconnaissance satellites from Tyuratam: Rorsat and Eorsat.J#N::' FO 3-stage R-36 launcher: Cyclone 3q:Ã:9 @3xA뉢"In 1977 the two-stage basic model was equipped with a S5M top stage powered by an RD-861 (NTO/UDMH) providing 78 kN thrust during 118 seconds. It could be re-ignited in orbit. In this version Cyclone 3 (11K68) weighs around 185 tons for 39.3 m heigh and a 2.7 m diameter cap.Launched from Plesetsk it can orbit 3.6 tons in LEO but it is used for satellite in circular 650, 850, 100 or 1500 km altitude:- civilian satellites: Meteor, Ocean, IntercosmosL:D:5 :CV$㓉!ְ- military satellites: SIGINT, geodesy, telecommunications (Gonets)<Ã::' *O Commercial version;D::& +A firmed named Satellite Delivery Systems, a subsidiary of Rockwell Aerospace (USA) and Younoye (Ukraine) was founded in 1996 to sell Cyclone launchers. This launcher which flies from Plesetsk was never used to polar-orbit satellites because is should fly over the US (all polar launches are from Tyuratam). Therefore the Cyclone launcher will get an additional top stage. This stage is built by Youjnoye. Its reignitable motor burns stockable propellant (NTO-UDMH) and was already used more than 50 times for military missions.<::' * Cyclone 3 launches m::#64]@   $& <> \^ #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)*::#T4]@  24NP177055Cosmos 92124 Jun 1977*::#T4]@  24NP277095Cosmos 95624 Sep 1977*::#T4]@  24NP377123Cosmos 97227 Dec 19779:d:#$r4]@  _剂PRln478067Cosmos 1025 [Tselina-D]28 Jun 1978>:H:#|4]@  Z\vx578100A: Cosmos 1045B: RS 1C: RS 226 Oct 19787d:):#$n4]@  뉢LNhj679011Cosmos 1076 [Ocean-E]12 Feb 19797H: :#$n4]@  뉢LNhj780005Cosmos 1151 [Ocean-E]23 Jan 1980E)::#04]@  !&VXrt' 8n/aCosmos (1242) [Geo-IK #[1a]]23 Jan 1981Failure9 : :#$r4]@  _剂PRln981082Cosmos 1300 [Tselina-D]24 Aug 1981: :iB:,::#$X4]@  4y`68RT1081093Aurole 321 Sep 19817 ::#$n4]@  !&LNhj1181098Cosmos 1312 [Geo-IK]30 Sep 1981:::#$t4]@  _剂RTnp1281117Cosmos 1328 [Tselina-D]03 Dec 1981+:v:#V4]@  46PR1382085Meteor 2-825 Mar 1982::Z:#$t4]@  _剂RTnp1482059Cosmos 1378 [Tselina-D]10 Jun 1982:v:>:#$t4]@  _剂RTnp1582092Cosmos 1408 [Tselina-D]16 Spe 19827Z::#$n4]@  !&LNhj1682096Cosmos 1410 [Geo-IK]29 Sep 1982:>::#$t4]@  _剂RTnp1783037Cosmos 1455 [Tselina-D]23 Apr 1983:::#$t4]@  _剂RTnp1883061Cosmos 1470 [Tselina-D]23 Jun 19839::#$r4]@  뉢PRln1983099Cosmos 1500 [Ocean-OE]28 Sep 19837::#$n4]@  !&LNhj2083115Cosmos 1510 [Geo-IK]24 Oct 1983:::#$t4]@  _剂RTnp2183122Cosmos 1515 [Tselina-D]15 Dec 1983::s:#$t4]@  _剂RTnp2284013Cosmos 1536 [Tselina-D]08 Feb 1984::W:#$t4]@  _剂RTnp2384027Cosmos 1544 [Tselina-D]15 Mar 1984,s:':#X4]@  68RT2484072Meteor 2-1105 Jul 19846W::#$l4]@  !&LNfh2584084Cosmos 1589 [Geo-IK]8 Aug 19849'::#$r4]@  뉢PRln2684105Cosmos 1602 [Ocean-OE]28 Sep 1984:::#$t4]@  _剂RTnp2784111Cosmos 1606 [Tselina-D]18 Oct 1984c:;#04]@:;iB:  VXr(t'  2884120Cosmos 1612 [Meteor (3-1a)]27 Nov 1984Failure: stage 3 failed to reignite@:;#$4]@  <^`z|2985003Cosmos 1617 - 1622 [Strela-3]15 Jan 1985:;;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp3085009Cosmos 1626 [Tselina-D]24 Jan 1985,;;#X4]@  68RT3185013Meteor 2-1206 Feb 1985:;o;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp3285020Cosmos 1633 [Tselina-D]05 Mar 19857;P;#$n4]@  !&LNhj3385047Cosmos 1660 [Geo-IK]14 Jun 1985:o;4;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp3485058Cosmos 1666 [Tselina-D]08 Jul 1985:P;;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp3585069Cosmos 1674 [Tselina-D]08 Jul 1985@4;;#$4]@  <^`z|3685094Cosmos 1690 - 1695 [Strela-3]09 Oct 1985+;;#V4]@  46PR3785100Meteor 3-124 Oct 1985:; ;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp3885108Cosmos 1703 [Tselina-D]22 Nov 1985:; ;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp3985113Cosmos 1707 [Tselina-D]12 Dec 1985, ;i ;#X4]@  68RT4085119Meteor 2-1326 Dec 1985: ;M ;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp4186006Cosmos 1726 [Tselina-D]17 Jan 19867i ;. ;#$n4]@  !&LNhj4286015Cosmos 1732 [Geo-IK]11 Feb 1986:M ;;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp4386018Cosmos 1733 [Tselina-D]19 Feb 1986:. ;;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp4486034Cosmos 1743 [Tselina-D]15 May 1986,;;#X4]@  68RT4586039Meteor 2-1427 May 1986:;@;#$t4]@;@;iB:  _剂RTnp4686046Cosmos 1758 [Tselina-D]16 Jun 19868;A;#$p4]@  뉢NPjl4786055Cosmos 1766 [Ocean-O]28 Jun 1986:@;|B;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp4886074Cosmos 1782 [Tselina-D]30 Sep 1986LA;xC;#04]@  <df' 49n/aCosmos (1786) - (1791) [Strela-3]15 Oct 1986Failure7|B;YD;#$n4]@  !&LNhj5086094Cosmos 1803 [Geo-IK]02 Dec 1986:xC;=E;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp5186097Cosmos 1805 [Tselina-D]10 Dec 1986,YD; F;#X4]@  68RT5286101Cosmos 180918 Dec 1986,=E;F;#X4]@  68RT5387001Meteor 2-1505 Jan 1987: F;G;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp5487003Cosmos 1812 [Tselina-D]14 Jan 19877F;H;#$n4]@  !&LNhj5587020Cosmos 1823 [Geo-IK]20 Feb 1987:G;I;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp5687024Cosmos 1825 [Tselina-D]03 Mar 1987@H;pJ;#$4]@  <^`z|5787026Cosmos 1827 - 1832 [Strela-3]13 Mar 1987:I;TK;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp5887038Cosmos 1842 [Tselina-D]27 Apr 1987:pJ;8L;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp5987055Cosmos 1862 [Tselina-D]01 Jul 19878TK;M;#$p4]@  뉢NPjl6087062Cosmos 1869 [Ocean-O]16 Jul 1987,8L;M;#X4]@  68RT6187068Meteor 2-1618 Aug 1987@M;N;#$4]@  <^`z|6287074Cosmos 1875 - 1880 [Strela-3]07 Sep 1987:M;O;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp6387088Cosmos 1892 [Tselina-D]20 Oct 1987:N;;#$t4]@ O;;iB: _剂RTnp6488001Cosmos 1908 [Tselina-D]06 Jan 1988@O;;#$4]@  <^`z|6588002Cosmos 1909 - 1914 [Strela-3]15 Jan 1988,;b;#X4]@  68RT6688005Meteor 2-1730 Jan 1988.;:;#$\4]@  (w:<VX6788020Cosmos 193315 Mar 19887b;;#$n4]@  !&LNhj6888046Cosmos 1950 [Geo-IK]30 Apr 1988::;;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp6988050Cosmos 1953 [Tselina-D]14 Jun 1988);҅;#$R4]@  󓋉24LN7088056Ocean 15 Jul 1988+;;#V4]@  46PR7188064Meteor 3-226 Jul 1988.҅;y;#$\4]@  (w:<VX7288093Cosmos 197511 Oct 1988.;Q;#$\4]@  (w:<VX7388113Cosmos 198523 Dec 1988Ty;;#j 4]@  b )w )w )w)w)w)w7489009A: Cosmos 1994B: Cosmos 1995C: Cosmos 1996D: Cosmos 1997E: Cosmos 1998F: Cosmos 199910 Feb 1989,Q;u;#X4]@  68RT7589018Meteor 2-1828 Feb 1989G;l;#04]@  뉢FH`b' 76n/aOcean (2) [Ocean-O]6 Jun 1989Failure: 3rd stage.u;D;#$\4]@  ex:<VX7789068Cosmos 203728 Aug 1989Tl;;#j 4]@  bexexfxexexex7889074A: Cosmos 2038B: Cosmos 2039C: Cosmos 2040D: Cosmos 2041E: Cosmos 2042F: Cosmos 204314 Sep 1989MD;;#&4]@  M$xz7989080A: Intercosmos 24 (Aktivny-IK)B: Magion 228 Sep 1989.;h;#$\4]@  ٫ k:<VX8089086Meteor 3-0324 Oct 1989=;U;#z4]@  XZth;U;iB:v8189100Cosmos 2053 [Radar-Cal-2 #2]26 Dec 1989.h;-;#$\4]@  /fx:<VX8290010Cosmos 205830 Jan 1990*U;;#$T4]@  󓋉24NP8390018Ocean 228 Feb 1990,-;;#X4]@  68RT8490057Meteor 2-1927 Jun 19907;;#$n4]@  !&LNhj8590066Cosmos 2088 [Geo-IK]30 Jun 1990?;;#$~4]@  <^`xz8690070Cosmos 2090 - 2095 [Strela-3]8 Aug 1990,;k;#X4]@  68RT8790086Meteor 2-2028 Sep 1990:;O;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp8890104Cosmos 2106 [Tselina-D]28 Nov 1990@k;9;#$4]@  <^`z|8990114Cosmos 2114 - 2119 [Strela-3]22 Dec 1990+O;;#V4]@  46PR9091030Meteor 3-424 Apr 1991@9;;#$4]@  <^`z|9191033Cosmos 2143 - 2148 [Strela-3]16 May 1991);;#$R4]@  󓋉24LN9291039Ocean 34 Jun 1991:;;#$t4]@  _剂RTnp9391042Cosmos 2151 [Tselina-D]13 Jun 1991.;;#$\4]@  ۫ k:<VX9491056Meteor 3-0515 Aug 1991@;k;#$4]@  <^`z|9591068Cosmos 2157 - 2162 [Strela-3]28 Sep 1991@;U;#$4]@  <^`z|9691077Cosmos 2165 - 2170 [Strela-3]12 Nov 1991Gk;G;#&4]@  N$ln9791086A: Intercosmos 25 (Apex)E: Magion 318 Dec 1991iU;a;#24]@  *XZ10092080Cosmos 222124 Nov 19928W<<#$p4]@ !&NPjl10192092Cosmos 2226 [Geo-IK]22 Dec 1992;0<<#$v4]@ _剂TVpr10292094Cosmos 2228 [Tselina-D]25 Dec 1992/<<#$^4]@ 6,x<>XZ10393024Cosmos 224216 Apr 1993U<%<#j4]@ b9,x:,x;,x<,x=,xi,x 10493030A: Cosmos 2245B: Cosmos 2246C: Cosmos 2247D: Cosmos 2248E: Cosmos 2249F: Cosmos 225011 May 1993U<z<#j4]@ ba,xb,xc,xd,xe,xf,x 10593038A: Cosmos 2252B: Cosmos 2253C: Cosmos 2254D: Cosmos 2255E: Cosmos 2256F: Cosmos 225725 Jun 1993?%<j<#2~4]@ *s k4\^xz10693055A: Meteor 2-21B: Temisat31 Aug 1993@z<[<#24]@ *ܫ kI^`z|10794003A: Meteor 3-06B: Tubsat B25 Jan 1994Uj< <#j4]@ b,x,x,x,x,x,x 10894011A: Cosmos 2268B: Cosmos 2269C: Cosmos 2270D: Cosmos 2271E: Cosmos 2272F: Cosmos 227312 Feb 1994,[< <#$X4]@ ^8:RT10994014Coronas 12 Mar 1994j < <#04]@ _剂TVpr' 110n/aCosmos [2281] [Tselina-D]25 May 1994Failure: 2nd and 3rd stage failed to separate+ <u <#$V4]@ 󓋉46PR11194066Ocean 411 Oct 1994, <K <#$X4]@ -l68RT11294078Geo-IK 129 Nov 1994Uu <<#j4]@ b-xy4xp4xq4xr4xs4x 11394086A: Cosmos 2299B: Cosmos 2300C: Cosmos 2301D: Cosmos 2302E: Cosmos 2303F: Cosmos 230428 Dec 1994 \K <<#24]@ *>w|3д%RTnp11495046A: Sich 1Fasat Alfa31 Aug 1995Fasat failed to separate from Sichi<"A<#v+4]@ <"A<iB:bI,J,K,3x 3xL3x $&11596009A: Gonets-D1 1B: Gonets-D1 2C: Gonets-D1 3D: Cosmos 2328E: Cosmos 2329F: Cosmos 233019 Feb 1996 at 00:58 UTi<B<#v+4]@ bL,M,N,I3xJ3xK3x"$ 11697006A: Gonets-D1 4B: Gonets-D1 5C: Gonets-D1 6D: Cosmos 2337E: Cosmos 2338F: Cosmos 233914 Feb 1997 at 03:47 UT"A<hD<#4]@ 3x 3x3x3x 3x 3x."0 3x11798036A: Cosmos 2352B: Cosmos 2353C: Cosmos 2354D: Cosmos 2355E: Cosmos 2356F: Cosmos 235715 Jun 1998at 22:58 UTPartial failure, the satellites were delivered in wrong orbit Refer to: Cosmos 2357K%B<D<& J%Notes: All launches from Plesetsk: hD<D<1it yxD<E<<ConestogaFD<3E<5 :$ " Conestogae4D<E<1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs3E<~F<% The Conestoga launchers are based on a program of Space Services Inc (SSI) in the early 80ies. The company was bought by EER Systems in December 1990 and became it's Space Service Division.;E<F<' ( Percheron projectsN~F<,H<% The first achievement of SSI was a liquid rocket named Percheron. It should have been the base for a launcher series made of modules of 1.2 m diameter and 12 m high with each a motor and a propellant tank. The first Percheron rocket exploded on the first motor static test on the Matagorda island (Texas) launch pad on 5 Aug 1981.5F<aH<'  Conestoga 1~X,H<J<& Following this failure SSI changed to solid propulsion with missile or rocket elements already operational. For it's first test on 9 Sep 1982 the Conestoga 1 (11.5 m high, 6.5 tons) was based on a single active stage: an Aerojet M56-A1 of 207 kN (the second stage of the Minuteman 1 ICBM) also used for Aries rockets. The flight was a success and the payload was ejected at apogee (313 km).Note: in the late 80ies SSI started working on commercial flights for microgravity experiments (Consort program). They used Starfire rockets (Canadian Black Brant 9 rockets with a Terrier missile booster).&aH<K<# =J<BK<' ,O Conestoga launchersJ K<M<> J_ 0_ 0_ 0_ 0EER Systems stayed with the modular concept to offer a series of light launchers based on various Thiokol boosters: Castor-4, Star-37 and Star-48.The most powerful version (Conestoga 1620) features 6 Castor-4 (4 Castor-4B and 2 Castor-4A) surrounding a Castor-4B. Four Castor are on at liftoff (first stage), two more (second stage) and the central Castor acts as the third stage. The Star 48 top stage copes with orbit injection. This launcher is 15.7 m high, 87.3 tons and can deliver 460 km in orbit (40.5).eBK<N<$ The first launch was a failure. There are doubts on the ability of EER to finance another flight.8M<MN<' " Configurations_N<1O<#ڀklp 4PjDesignationLength (m)Diameter (m)Mass (tons)Thrust in vaccum (kN)Burn duration (s)<MN< <#ڀxklp(>JXjCastor 4A (TX780)8.09-9.201,0211,58436-47653.1 1O< <D<31O<Ā<#ڀfklp(4@NXCastor-4B (TX859)8,981,0211,4842960.9 4 <}<#ڀhklp0<HT\Star -37 FM (TEM-784)1,680,931,154863,7.Ā<0<#ڀ\klp(4@LTStar-48 (TEM-711)2,031,252,146684&}<V<# <0<<' * Conestoga launches8nV<ʃ<#d4]2   $& <> ^ np #Launch idPayloadLaunch date TypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)r<<<#v=4]2 (4+8:pr(~$1n/aMeteor (US)23 Oct 1995 at 22:03 UT1620Failure: The vehicle was destroyed 45s into the first stage burn, at an altitude of 11 kmF ʃ<<& @%Notes: launches from Wallops<<<<' *O External resourcesB<<' 6http://netline.net/eer/8<8<1")x zy8<<s =DiamantD<|<5 : " Diamante48<<1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsxK|<Y<- *O  Origin: Pierre Prcieuses (precious stones) experimental rocket series#<|<0 . 㱭+The SEREB (Socit pour l'Etude et la Ralisation d'Engins Balistiques, firm for the study and developpement of ballistic missiles) was founded in 1959 to support the DMA missile department which was in charge of the French strategic ballistic missile programs SSBS and MSBS. Work begin by a ballistic study program to acquire the technology necessary to development of such missiles. This program achieved several carriers in the Pierre Prcieuses series: Agate, Topaze, Emeraude and Saphir.Y<<% The VE-110 Agate was the first of the series. It was a 1-stage solid-fuel (Isolane) non piloted carrier of 80 cm diameter. The VE-111 Topaze was similar to Agate but guided by 4 rotative nozzles. The VE-121 Emeraude was 1.40 m diameter; it was the first is the series to use liquid propellant (nitric acid and turpentine). The VE-231 Saphir had 2 stages: Emeraude + Topaze. Saphir enabled in-flight experiments of cap release, stage separation, inertial guidance and reentry.U0|<Ռ<% aIn December 1961 it was decided to build the Diamant launcher by replacing the payload of Saphir by a third stage. In May 1962 CNES selected DMA to manage the Diamant program, SEREB being the prime contractor. The Rubis rocket was designed to test the third stage in-flight, on top of an Agate stage.3 <<'  Diamant AzVՌ<<$ The diamant A launcher was made of a 10 m high, 1.4 m diameter Emeraude first stage weighing 14.7 tons. Its Vexin LRBA directional-nozzle motor burned during 93 seconds and delivered 269 kN thrust at sea level (304 kN in vacuum). The second stage was Topaze: 4.7 m high per 80 cm diameter and weighed 2.9 tons. It provided a mean thrust of 156 kN during 44 seconds. The P064 third stage was 2 m high and 65 cm diameter. It weighed 709 kg including 640 kg Isolane (thus its name). It burned for 45 seconds providing 27 to 53 kN thrust. With its cap Diamant was 18.95 m high and weighed 18.4 tons.3<<6 :;S  Diamant achieved orbiting at first try on 26 Nov 1965. The payload was<<< the simple technological capsule Astrix. After this launch the 3 remaining rockets were used to orbit geodesy satellites (D1 program) between Feb 1966 and Feb 1967. All launches were carried out from the CIEES (Centre InterArmes d'Essais d'Engins Spciaux, inter-army special machine test center) in Sahara which was closed in July 1967.Once the Diamant A program ended Rubis was still used as sounding rocket: in July 1967 it delivered an experiment of the Paris-Meudon observatory's space radioastronomy department at 1560 km altitude. The third stage of Diamant A was then used twice as top stage of the Tibre launcher for the Electre experiments between Feb 1971 and Mar 1972.3 <<'  Diamant B<<$  After Diamant numerous projects appear but CNES decides to built a launcher directly derived from Diamant A. The main evolution was the lengthened first stage which used more energy-providing propellants. This first stage called Amthyste was 14.2 m high, 1.4 m diameter, and 20.1 t weight. Its Valois motor delivered 316 kN thrust at sea level (400 kN in vacuum) during 116 seconds. The second stage was identical the Diamant A's one; The top stage (P068) was also enhanced: 1.67 m high, 80 cm diameter and 50 kN thrust during 46s. With its cap (85 cm diameter instead of 65 cm for Diamant A) Diamant B was 23.5 m high and weighed 24.6 tons.=<<E X{&>8GV<_B Six Diamant B were ordered: 2 for CNES and 4 for ELDO (in single stage version) which were to be used to test the PAS (Perigee-Apogee System) for Europa 2. Finaly ELDO dropped the idea and the 5 rocket built were used by CNES.After the launch of the German Wika technological capsule Diamant B launched Peole (technology) and Tournesol (astronomy). The last 2 launches were failures. All launches occured from the CSG (Centre Spatial Guyanais, Guyana space center) which is operational since April 1968 when the first sounding rocket Veronique was launched.5<T<'  Diamant BP4W<<8 >?Xى㱭+2!Development of Diamant BP4 started in Jan 1972. It was based on the first and third stage of its ancestor. The new second stage P4 (Rita) was from the ballistic missile MSBS guided by jet deviation (freon injection). It was 2.28 m long and 1.5 m diamter; it provided a mean 180 kN thrust during 55 seconds. With the 1.38 m cap from the Black Arrow program Diamant BP4 was 21.6 m high and weighed 27 tons.After 1975 France stopped its sounding rocket and national launcher programs to devote entirely to the european Ariane launcher.ET<<' < Diamant launchers evolution9e<)<#x\yxyjkj  > X r    DesignationFirst launch1st stage2nd stage3rd stage300 km500 km1000 km*<<#T\yxyjkj(8DHPA1965EmeraudeTopazeP064801)<<#b\yxyjkj*:FPZB1970AmethysteTopazeP068160115251<<#b\yxyjkj .:FPZBP41975AmethysteRitaP06820015345&<<# :< <' & Diamant launches2Q<H=#4\@NM   $& <> \ l |~ #Launch idP <H=<ayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment/ <C=#h^4\@NM ;S02LRTZ165096Asterix26 Nov 1965HA2H=G=#td4\@NM "QS46RXZ`266013Diapason17 Feb 1966HA+SC=r=#4\@NM "㦼68TZ\b 367011Diadme 108 Fab 1967HAPartial failure: orbit too low 4G={=#zh4\@NM "㧼68TZ\b 467014Diadme 215 Feb 1967HAAr==#4\@NM 0&>]YUPRntv| 570017A: Dial-WikaB: Mika10 Mar 1970KB.{==#n\4\@NM 8GV,.HNPV 670109Pole12 Dec 1970KB 4==#zh4\@NM "<68TZ\b 771030Tournesol15 Apr 1971KB%J==#4\@NM "cn.0JPR"X  8n/aPolaire5 Dec 1971KBFailure: 2nd stage failed%O= =#|4\@NM 68TZ\"b  9n/aCastorPollux22 May 1972KBFailure: 3rd stage failed4= =#nh4\@NM ?168PVXb 1075010Starlette6 Feb 1975KBP4C = =#4\@NM 0qw )PRntv 1175039A: PolluxB: Castor17 May 1975KBP40 = =#n`4\@NM RKU,.HNPZ 1275092Aura27 Sep 1975KBP4j@ =s =* $%Notes: Launch site: H for Hammaguir, Algeria; K for Kourou? = =1B> yl|z =A= >ISAS launchersKs = =5 :. " ISAS launchersD =A=* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra =?A=& The first japanese sounding rockets were designed in the mid-50ies bu the TOkyo Department of Applied Industries (TODAI) to contribute to the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58.In the early sixties, university of Tokyo decided to design 3-stage rockets named Lambda while going on developping new 2-stage sounding rockets of the Kappa series. The most powerful Kappa rockets (9 & 10) weighed 1.5 to A=?A=s =1.7 tons and had 42 cm base stages; despite the Lambda-3 had a 73 cm diameter first stage and weighed over 7 tons. For the International Quiet Sun Year (IQSY) of 1964-65 those launchers performed 1000 km altitude orbit with 100 kg payload. The rocket workgroup at University of Tokyo then became the ISAS.3 A=rA='  Lambda-4S?A=C=& In 1965 the TODAI started developping a satellite launcher derived from the Lambda-3 sounding rocket which in its most powerful configuration (Lambda-3H) was able to orbit 100 kg at 2000+ km. This launcher was achieved by adding a fourth stage and solid fuel boosters to Lambda-3.Four orbit injection attempts were made in Sep & Dec 1966, Apr 1967 and Sep 1969. Those launches occured from Uchinoura (31.2 North, 130.6 East) near Kagoshima on the Kyushu island. Finaly success occured in 1970.frA=G=% This first Japanese launcher named Lambda-4S was 16.5 m high, weighed 9.5 tons and burned only solid fuel. The first stage was 73 cm in diameter and provided 363 kN during 28 seconds. It was assisted during the first 7 seconds by 2 solid fuel boosters of 255 kN thrust. The second stage (same diameter) provided 118 kN during 28 seconds. The third stage was 50 cm in diameter; it was capable of 64 kN during 27 seconds. The top stage was made of a 113 kg powder bloc providing 7.8 kN during 27 seconds which spherical shield made up the satellite's structure. The latter was only a technological capsule which mass at burn shutdown didn't exceed 23 kg. The vehicle was launched from an inclined ramp. It wasn't piloted; a gyroscopic system only controled the fourth stage's altitude before ignition after the ballistic phase (which follows the third stage shutdown).C=H=+ $~gOOn 11 Feb 1970 the Lambda-4S number 5 orbited the first capsule named Ohsumi at 351 km x 5142 km x 31.2. This is the only object launched by a Lambda rocket... because it was abandonned as a space launcher.;G=RH=' ( Mu series rocketsH=LK=& Seven months after the successful Lambda-4S orbiting the Japanese fired the first model of a new launcher. The Mu-4S kept the same technology but had much greater performances. It was 23.6 m high, 43.6 tons in weight and could put a 100 kg payload in a 31, 500 km circular orbit.It's first stage was 1.41 m in diameter and thrusted 834 kN during 61 seconds. It was assisted by eight 127 kN boosters during the first 5.5 seconds of the flight. The second stage had the same diameter whereas the third was 86 cm and while the 77 cm fourth stage supported a 79 cm diameter cap. The respective thrusts were: 285, 127 and 26.5 kN. The guidance system remained simplistic: only the fourth stage was piloted by jet deviation.RH=N=' )After a failure in September 1970 for the first flight, Mu-4S succeeded the 3 next attempts between Feb 1971 and Aug 1972.In 1974 a new version of Mu with only 3 stages was introduced. This launcher named Mu-3C was equipped with the old first stage and boosters. The second stage was modified and equipped with a radio-inertial guidance which controlled a jet deviation piloting device (freon injection) and a roll control using lateral propellers. This stage provided 343 kN thrust during 55 seconds. The third stage was inherited from Mu-4S fourth stage; it had 65 kN thrust capability during 45 seconds. It was also under the 1.41 m diameter fuse cap.LK==) This 41.6 t launcher with its 20.2 m height had similar performances to Mu-4S although lowerer at high altitude. It was used 4 times between Feb 1974 and Feb 1979; 3 launches were successful.A more powerful launcher appeared in 1977: Mu-3H. The first stage was longer than the former one: its solid fuel engine (27 tons) provided 1080 kN during 56 seconds. The cap had been lengthened and could host a fourth stage to reach very elliptical orbits.Mu-3H was 2N==s =3.8 m high for 48.7 tons at takeoff. It could orbit 100 kg at 700 km in the 3-stage version and more twice as much in the 4-stage version. It was used 3 times with success between Feb 1977 and Feb 1979 including a launch with 30500 km apogee orbit. N==' The fourth version of the launcher, Mu-3S, only differed from the former vehicle by the addition of a piloting system to the first stage. It was based on a nozzle freon injection device and on a roll control system provided by 4 gas generators fixed at the end of the 4 empannages. The vehicle had the same performances as Mu-3H performances. It was used to launch 4 satellites between Feb 1980 and Feb 1984.The next version was Mu-3S2; it was complety modified, only the first stage remained the same. The number of boosters was brought back to two but they mesured 74 cm in height and 285 kN (31 seconds duration). The second stage was lenghtened; it provided 490 kN during 52 seconds. The third stage's diameter was increased to 1.41 m; it provided 108 kN during 82 seconds. The launchers reached 61.2 tons in mass and 27.2 m in height. The orbitable payload which took place in an enlarged cap of 1.65 m diameter was almost twice as heavy as for Mu-3S1: 680 kg at 31, 250 km altitude.=ą=% Mu-3S2 was used 8 times (1 failure) between Jan 1985 and Jan 1995. It launched 2 interplanetary probes to the Moon and to the Halley comet.5==' O Mu-5 seriesą=Lj=& QWhile the Mu-5 series were based on a 1.41 m diameter first stage Mu-5 uses a new first stage. It is 2.51 m in diameter and much more powerful. It enable the doublement of the payload mass in LEO.This M-14 stage is 13.7 m long and weighs 80.8 tons with over 70 tons propellant (PBHT) in 2 segments. It provides 3870 kN thrust during 49 seconds. The second stage, M-24, has the same diameter. It is 6.7 m in length and 33.2 tons in mass, including 30 tons solid fuel. It makes use of the FIH (Fire In the Hole) technology, i.e. it is linked to the first stage by a mesh structure and ignited at separation between first and second stage. It provides 1370 kN during 63 seconds.[.="=- (]ӊHThe third stage M-34 is 4.1 m long and 2.2 m diameter. It used advanced technologies such as a CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) envelope and a deployable nozzle which enables to shorten the 3rd stage by 1 meter and to leighten it from 300 kg. Thus is weighs 11 tons including 10 tons propellant and provides 300 kN thrust during 101 seconds.Mu-5 is 30.5 m high with the cap. It weighs 135 tons. It can place 1.8 tons in low orbit at 240 km. For its first flight on 12 Feb 1997 from Kagoshima it delivered Haruka in correct orbit (220/21000 km).?Lj=a=' 0 Configuration summaryH"=.=#ڀ 8NdzDesignationFirst launch1st stage2nd stage3rd stage4th stage&a=ٌ=#ڀL(4@Mu-4S1970M-10M-20M-30M-40".==#ڀD(4@Mu-3C1974M-10M-22M-3A"ٌ='=#ڀD(4@Mu-3H1977M-13M-22M-3A#=ώ=#ڀF*6BMu-3S1980M-13*M-22M-3A$'=x=#ڀH,8DMu-3S21985M-13*M-23M-3AO,ώ=Ǐ=# X(*) M-13 stage with thrust vector control5x= ='  Mu launchesǏ= =s =?uǏ=K=#d4]y]   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period); =A=#Fv4]y] $&@BP 1n/aMS-F125 Sep 1970Mu-4SFailure (61 kg)9K=5=#Fr4]y] oCBD^`n271011Tansei 1 (MS-T1)16 Feb 1971Mu-4S8A=(=#Fp4]y] e@B\^l371080Shinsei (MS-F2)28 Sep 1971Mu-4S55==#Fj4]y] [@=T:<VXf472064Denpa (REXS)19 Aug 1972Mu-4S9(= =#Fr4]y] oCBD^`n574008Tansei 2 (MS-T2)16 Feb 1974Mu-3C6==#Fl4]y] zW<>XZh675014Taiyo (SRATS)24 Feb 1975Mu-3C= ==#Fz4]y] (*DFT 7n/aCorsa A04 Feb 1976Mu-3CFailure (86 kg) R==#F4]y] oCBD^`n877012Tansei 3 (MS-T3)19 Feb 1977Mu-3H824 x 3932 x 65.8 x 134.38==#Fp4]y] q2@B\^l978014Kyokko (Exos A)04 Feb 1978Mu-3H:==#Ft4]y] q2DF`bp1078087Jikiken (Exos B)16 Sep 1978Mu-3H;==#Fv4]y] ~NFHbdr1179014Hakucho (Corsa B)21 Feb 1979Mu-3C;==#Fv4]y] oCDF`br1280015Tansei 4 (MS-T4)17 Feb 1980Mu-3S1===#Fz4]y] HJdfv1381017Hinotori (Astro A)21 Feb 1981Mu-3S1:==#Ft4]y] BD^`p1483011Tenma (Astro B)20 Feb 1983Mu-3S1:==#Ft4]y] q2BD^`p1584015Ohzora (Exos C)14 Feb 1984Mu-3S1 U=>#:4]y]=>s = <>XZj1685001Sakigake/MS-T507 Jan 1985Mu-3S2probe to Halley comet (138 kg) V=>#:4]y] >@Z\l1785073Suisei/PLANET-A18 Aug 1985Mu-3S2probe to Halley comet (140 kg):>>#Ft4]y] BD^`p1887012Ginga (Astro C)05 Feb 1987Mu-3S2;>>#Fv4]y] q2DF`br1989016Akebono (Exos D)21 Feb 1989Mu-3S2[>>#<4]y] PRln~2090007Hiten (Muses A)Hagoromo24 Jan 1990Mu-3S2Probe to the Moon (193 kg);>>#Fv4]y] ©HىDF`br2191062Yohkoh (Solar A)30 Aug 1991Mu-3S2:>>#Ft4]y] BD^`p2293011Asuka (Astro D)20 Feb 1993Mu-3S2A>>#R4]y] -.0JL\ 23n/aEXPRESS15 Jan 1995Mu-3S2Partial failure;>>#Rv4]y] "ӊHFHdfr2497005Haruka (Muses B)12 Feb 1997Mu-5.> >#F\4]y] 02JLX2598041Nozomi3 Jul 1998Mu-5Q'> >* $N%Note: All launches from Kagoshima? >7 >1" z6}{7 > >>ISRO launchersJ > >5 :, " ISRO vehiclese47 > >1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs > >$ +Indian founded its space agency ISRO in 1969 and then a Ministry of Space in 1972. The next step was to decide to build a national space launcher.r? > >3 6~O   SLV 3 (Satellite Launch Vehicle) and ASLV (Advanced SLV) >>& SLV 3 was a 4-stage solid-fuel light launcher (polybutadiene). It was 17.8 tons and 22.7 m high with a 1 m diameter max. Its payload mass in circular 500 km orbit was around 40 kg.The first stage was 9 m high; it delivered 420 kN t (sea level) thrust during 53 seconds. The second stage (80 cm diameter) operated during 42 seconds and provided 200 kN thrust. The third stage (same diameter as stage 2) was fired for 46 seconds and delivered over 60 kN thrust. The 4th stage (65 cm diameter) was fired for 30 seconds and provided about 22 kN thrust. Two ballistic phases occured during the flight: one after second stage shutdown (until 88 km altitude) and after third stage shutdown (to reach perigee altitude). >B>' Rockets were launched from the Sriharikota base on the Indian East coast. This site is operational since the success of a RH-125 sounding rocket in October 1971. After a first attempt which failed in August 1979 >B> >the SLV 3 rocket orbited 3 little Rohini scientific satellites in July 1980, Mai 1981 and April 1983. Then the launcher was abandonned for the ASLV.ASLV was dirived from SLV 3 by the addition of two boosters which dimensions and performances were similar to those of the first stage. Those boosters provided the takeoff of the vehicle by providing each 440 kN thrust during 49 seconds. This caused the first stage to be modified to operate in the air. ASLV was 24 m high and its capacity reached 150 kg payload in LEO (40 km).p>C>' The first two launches were failures in March 1987 and July 1988. Then ASLV orbited two SROSS satellites in May 1992 and May 1994.Noticeable is the fact the the first stage of the SLV 3 was used from 1989 on as first stage of the experimental Agni IRBM (2500 km range). This is perhaps a unique example of transfert of a civilian stage to a military application.W*B> D>- *TO  PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)C>H>, & 㱭+PSLV is a 4-stage launcher measuring 44 m high for 2.8 m diameter max, weighing 275 tons.It can orbit around 1 ton payload in sun-synchronous polar orbit.The first stage is 20 m high and weighs 129 tons. It is powered by a solid fuel motor (HTPB: Hydroxyl-Terminated PolyButadiene) which burns during 100 seconds and provides 3500 kN thrust at sea level (4600 kN in vacuum). It is supported by 6 boosters --switched on by group of two then four-- derived from the SLV 3 and ASLV first stage. Each of those deliver 440 kN thrust at sea level (660 kN in vacuum). The second stage is 11 m high for 2.8 m diameter and weighs 38 tons. Its Vikas motor --built under French SEP licence-- consumes liquid propellant (nitrogen tetraoxide and UDMH: Unsymmetrical DiMethylHydrazine). It provides 725 kN thrust during 150 seconds. The third stage is 3.5 m high and 2 m diameter; it weighs 7 tons. Its solid fuel motor (HTPB) provides 340 kN thrust. The fourth stage protected by a bulb cap is 2.6 m long by 1.34 m diameter. It is propulsed by 2 ergols motors (peroxyde d'azote and MMH: MonoMethylHydrazine) of 7.5 kN thrust each which burn during about 7 minutes. D>I>+ $_TThe first launch failed in Sep 1993 because of a software problem in the guidance system. The second launch in Oct 1994 orbited IRS P2. The next flights are scheduled every 12 to 18 months for the IRS remote sensing satellites.8H> J>' " SLV 3 launches7mI>AK>#dF Y  K     $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)7 J>3L>#FnF Y  K   ,.HJX 1n/aRohini 1A10 Aug 1979SLV 3Failure2AK> M>#FdF Y  K   ~Oa46PR`280062Rohini 1B18 Jul 1980SLV 3B3L>#N>#RF Y  K   E24NP^ 381051Rohini 231 May 1981SLV 3Partial failure3 M>O>#RfF Y  K   "F46RTb483033Rohini 317 Apr 1983SLV 3\,#N>sO>0 0X%(Notes: All launches from Sriharikota7O>O>'   ASLV launches7msO>>#dF Y  K     O>> >$& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period):O>>#RtF Y  K  ㅊD46PR^ 1, D1n/aSross 124 Mar 1987ASLVFailure<>>#^xF Y  K  "ㆊD68TVb 2, D2n/aSross 212 Jul 1988ASLVFailure F>>#^F Y  K   ""㇊D:<XZf 3, D392028Sross 320 May 1992ASLVPartial failureA>>#RF Y  K   ""_G<>pr~4, D494027Sross C24 May 1994 at 00:00 UTASLV\,>V>0 0X%(Notes: All launches from Sriharikota7>>'   PSLV launches7mV>Ć>#dF Y  K     $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)U>ڇ>#RF Y  K  YT24fht 1, D1n/aIRS 1E20 Sep 1993 at 00:12 UTPSLVFailure: computer error@Ć>ۈ>#RF Y  K   ""_T8:np|2, D294068IRS P215 Oct 1994 at 05:07 UTPSLV@ڇ>܉>#RF Y  K   ""_T8:np|3, D396017IRS P321 Mar 1996 at 04:53 UTPSLV5nۈ>>#^F Y  K   ""YT8:np| 4, C197057IRS 1D29 Sep 1997 at 04:47 UTPSLVPartial failure: 822 x 306 km (not circular)}M܉>>0 0%(Notes: All launches from Sriharikota (2100 km southeast of New Dehli); >ɋ>1-rl|l|ɋ>>J@Long MarchU >>5 :B " Long March (Chang Zheng)e4ɋ>>1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs1>>0 .6" After the rupture between China and USSR in June 1959 the Chinese started to develop a series a ballistic missiles powered with stockable propellant. The first of these was the CSS-1: a single stage rocket very close to the Soviet SS-3 which was 22 m in length and 1.65 m in diameter that could cover 1100 km. It was tested in the sixties and entered service in 1970. The first Chinese IRBM, the CSS-2 was also single staged. It was 23 m long, 2.23 m diameter and ranged 2500 km. The first in-flight tests were carried out on 1969 and was deployed in 1972. The CSS-3 version with 6500 km range was made by adding a second stage to the CSS-2 (with same diameter). It never entered operational service was was used as the basis of the first Chinese launcher: CZ-1.8> >' " CZ-1 launchers> >>>>$ aThe CZ-1 rocket (Chang Zheng = Long March) was derived from the CSS-3 (also called DF-4 by the Chinese, Dong Feng = East Wind) which was added a solid fuel third stage. The first stage was 17.8 m long and weighed 64.1 tons including 60 tons of propellant (Nitric Acid and UDMH). It was powered by a YF-2A motor featuring 4 chambers of 1100 kN at ground level, burning during 130 seconds (ISp = 241 s). The 5.4 m second stage weighed 15.9 tons including 13.2 tons of ergols (NTO and UDMH). It used a YF-3 motor providing 294 kN thrust in vacuum during 126 seconds (ISp = 287 s). The spin-stabilized third stage required a GF=02 powder bloc weighing 1.8 tons which provides 29 kN thrust. >>'  The full CZ-1 launcher was 29.45 m high for 81.6 tons at takeoff and could orbit a 300 kg payload at 440 km with 70 inclination. It launched the 2 first Chinese satellites from Juiquan in April 1970 and March 1971 after a failure in November 1969.Enhanced version of this launcher: CZ-1C and CZ-1D completly Chinese and CZ-1M featuring an Italian 3rd stage (IRIS) were announced... W0>>' `O Second generation launchers: FB-1 and CZ-2A/Dg>|>2 2  The first Chinese ICBM CSS-3 (or DF-5 in the Chinese jargon) was over 30 m high for 3.35 m diameter. It featured two liquid fuel stages (NTO and UDMH) and ranged 11000 km. In-flight tests were carried out in 1979 and only few exemplars (8 to 12 ?) were deployed after 1980.Its development was carried out in the same time as two space launcher programs: FB-1 (Feng Bao = storm) and CZ-2. Very little is known on the FB-1 but it is probably similar to CZ-2 with lower performances (1.2 tons is LEO against 1.7 tons). Some sources believe the two launchers were developped by two different agencies (SBA (Shanghai Bureau of Astronautics) et la BWYIC (Beijing Wan Yuan Industry Corporation)) from the same specifications. It was launched successfully 4 times from Jiuquan between July 1975 and September 1981; 4 failures and 3 suborbital flights were also reported.>F>% KThe most important launcher of the other series is the CZ-2C. The CZ-2A was indeed only fired once in November 1974 and the B designation used for the FB-1. The CZ-2C featured a L-140 first stage of 20.5 m long which weighed 151 tons including 142 tons of propellant. It was powered by 4 YF-20 motors of 696 kN thrust at ground level (ISp = 260 s) which burned during 132 seconds. The second stage (L-35) was 7.5 m long and 39 tons (35 tons for propellant). It was equipped with an YF-22 motor providing 762 kN in vacuum (ISp = 290 s) associated with 4 deployable YF-23 verniers providing a total of 44 kN. The main engine burned 110 seconds while the verniers 300 seconds.%|>k>- (ЇThe CZ-2C launcher is 32.6 to 35.1 m high (depending on the cap) and weighed about 191 tons. It can deliver 2 to 2.5 tons in LEO. From Juiquan it orbited 9 retrievable FSW-0 (Fanhui Shi Weixing) satellites between November 1975 and August 1987 and 5 FSW-1 since September 1987. An enhanced version named CZ-2D launched two FSW-2 satellites in August 1992 and July 1994.Three-stage versions of the CZ-2C were announced (with a solid SD or CPKM stage). Only the CZ-2C/SD should be used for Iridium.8F>>' " CZ-3 launchersk>?& The CZ-3 rocket is a 3-stage launcher which makes use of modified versions of the 2 first stages of CZ-2C (same performances) and adds a cryogenic third stage. This H-8 cryogenic stage is 7.5 m long for 2.25 m diameter. It weighs 10.5 tons including 8.5 tons of propellant (LH2 and LOX). it is equipped with a 4-chamber YF-73 motor providing 44 kN thurst in vacuum (ISp = 420 s). The reignitable motor is used for two burns during 500 and 300 seconds.This launcher is 43.2 to 43.8 m high and weighs 202 tons. It can orbit 1.4 tons in GTO. It was used from Xichang >?>from January 1984 on to launch Chinese telecommunication satellites of foreign spacecrafts. It should still be used even after the introduction of enhanced versions designated CZ-3A and CZ-3B.]6>+?' lO Third generation launchers: CZ-4, CZ-2E and CZ-3A/B??& WA new Chinese generation was introduced in the late eighties based on a streched L-180 first stage equipped with more powerful motors.The first launcher to use those new elements was CZ-4 specialy designed for sunsynchronous orbits. The first stage is thus an L-180 with 24.7 m long carrying 138 tons propellant powered during 156 seconds by 4 YF-20 motors which unitary thrust was boosted to 735 kN. The second stage is an modified L-35 with 10.4 m long. Its main engine is a YF-25 of 766 kN assisted by 4 YF-23 verniers. The third stage (L-14) specific to the CZ-4 is 6.2 m long for 2.9 m diameter. It is equipped with a pair of YF-40 engines which burn NTO and UDMH. Their total thrust is 98 kN during 321 seconds (ISp = 303 s). This CZ-4 reaches 42 m high and 250 tons. It can deliver a 1.5 ton payload on sun-synchronous orbit at 900 km. It was used to launch 2 meteorological FY satellites from Taiyuan in Sep 1988 and Sep 1990.xS+?t?% The second launcher to use the L-180 and the enhanced motors is the CZ-2E devoted to heavy GEO payloads. The first stage is an L-180 with 23.7 m long (187 tons propellant) propulsed during 159 seconds by 4 YF-20 motors of 735 kN. It is assisted during 126 seconds by 4 LB-40 boosters of 15.6 m long and 2.25 m diameter (38 tons of propellant each) equipped with the same YF-20 engines. The second stage is an L-90 of 15.5 m long (86 tons ergols) with a YF-25 main engine of 831 kN. It is surrounded by 4 YF-23 verniers. The main engine burns during 300 seconds while the version 413 seconds.A? ?+ $- The CZ-2E is 49.7 to 51.2 m high. It weighs 460 tons at takeoff. Its capacity reaches 8.8 tons in LEO but it is only used for geostationary satellites with a solid perigee stage. The first version with the American Thiokol Star-63F could place 3.14 tons in GTO. With the EPKM of the Chinese HCMC (Hexi Chemical & Manufacturing Corp) company used for the first time in Nov 1995 the performance reaches 3.46 tons. After a trial launch in July 1990 the CZ-2E was used to launch several telecommunications satellites from Xichang...P+t? ?% WThe third launcher based on the L-180 was the CZ-3A also devoted to heavy payloads aimed at GEO. The first stage is a 23 m long L-180 (170 tons of propellant) powered by four 735 kN YF-20 motors. The second stage is a L-35 of 11.5 m long (29.6 tons ergol) with an YF-25 main engine of 766 kN which burns during 110 seconds assited by 4 YF-23 verniers. The new H-18 cryogenic third stage is 8.8 m long and 3.0 m diameter (17.6 tons propellant). It features 2 YF-75 engines providing a total thrust of 157 kN (ISp = 425 s) during 470 seconds in 2 burns. ? ?' The CZ-3A has a total of 52.3 m high and 240 tons at takeoff. It can orbit 2.3 tons in GTO. After a trial launch in Feb 1994 to launched a 3rd generation telecommunication DFH satellite in Nov 1994.The CZ-3B used the CZ-3A with 4 liquid boosters inherited from the CZ-2E. It then weighs 403 tons at takeoff and its capacity reaches 4.85 tons in GTO. It first launch failed in Feb 1996.7 ? ?'   CZ-1 launches?u ?)?#d^^2   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)4 ?@?#:h^^2  "BD^`d1, CZ-1n/aR&D suborbital)?@?>10 Jan 19700)? A?#F`^^2 $&!(v&:<VX\2, CZ-170034DFH 0124 Apr 1970/@?A?#F^^^2 $&"(v&:<TVZ3, CZ-171018DFH 023 Mar 1971M& A?@B?' L%Notes: All launches from Juiquan.>A?~B?' . CZ-2, 3 & 4 launchesb~@B?C?#^^3   $& <> \ l |"~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)(\~B?E?#h^^3  "02LTV^$1, CZ-2n/aFSW 005 Nov 1974JiA?Failure: 1st stage control system failure7C?F?#nn^^3 $&$(v&<>X`bh2, CZ-275111FSW 0-126 Nov 1975JiC7E?G?#nn^^3 $&'(v&<>X`bh3, CZ-276116FSW 0-207 Dec 1976JiC7F?H?#nn^^3 $&((v&<>X`bh4, CZ-278011FSW 0-326 Jan 1978JiC7G? I?#nn^^3 $&&v&<>X`bh5, CZ-282090FSW 0-409 Sep 1982JiC7H?&J?#nn^^3 $&&v&<>X`bh6, CZ-283086FSW 0-519 Aug 1983JiC8c I?^K?#z^^3 $&&v&<>X`b"f7, CZ-384008STTW-T129 Jan 1984XiPartial failure: 3rd stage failed to ignite6&J?cL?#nl^^3 $&&v&<>X`bf8, CZ-384035STTW-T208 Apr 1984Xi7^K?iM?#nn^^3 $&&v&<>X`bh9, CZ-284098FSW 0-612 Sep 1984JiC8cL?pN?#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj10, CZ-285096FSW 0-721 Oct 1985JiC6iM?uO?#nl^^3 &(&v&<>X`bf11, CZ-386010STTW 101 Feb 1986Xi8pN??#np^^3 &(&v&>uO??>@Zbdj12, CZ-286076FSW 0-806 Oct 1986JiC8uO??#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj13, CZ-287067FSW 0-905 Aug 1987JiC8??#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj14, CZ-287075FSW 1-109 Sep 1987JiC6??#nl^^3 &(&v&<>X`bf15, CZ-388014STTW 207 Mar 1988Xi8??#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj16, CZ-288067FSW 1-205 Aug 1988JiC6??#nl^^3 &(&v&<>X`bf17, CZ-488080FY 1-106 Sep 1988Ty6??#nl^^3 &(&v&<>X`bf18, CZ-388111STTW 322 Dec 1988Xi6??#nl^^3 &(&v&<>X`bf19, CZ-390011STTW 404 Feb 1990Xi9??#nr^^3 &(kBD^fhl20, CZ-390030Asiasat 107 Apr 1990Xi2c??#n^^3 &((<>X`bt21, CZ-290059Badr A16 Jul 1990XiE (PKM)Failed to place the Optus model in GTO.Q??#^^3 &8(&v&&v&&v&rt22, CZ-490081A: FY 1-2B: DFH 31C: DFH 3203 Sep 1990Ty8? ?#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj23, CZ-290089FSW 1-305 Oct 1990JiC8c?X?#z^^3 &(&v&<>X`b"f24, CZ-391088STTW 528 Dec 1991XiPartial failure: 3rd stage failed to ignite8 ?_?#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj25, CZ-292051FSW 2-109 Aug 1992JiDDX?r?#n^^3 &(_@B\df26, CZ-292054Optus B113 Aug 1992XiE (Star-63F)F_??#|^^3 &*(1T&v&Zr??>\v~27, CZ-292064A: FrejaB: FSW 1-406 Oct 1992JiCEpr??#z^^3 &(_@B\df"28, CZ-292090Optus B221 Dec 1992XiE (Star-63F)Partial failure: payload fairing collapsed8??#np^^3 &(&v&>@Zbdj29, CZ-293063FSW 1-508 Oct 1993JiCE??#|^^3 &*(&v&&v&XZt|~30, CZ-394010A: SJ 4B: DFH 3-008 Feb 1994XiA7??#nn^^3 &(('v&>@X`bh31, CZ-294037FSW 2-23 Jul 1994JiD8??#np^^3 &(b @B\dfj32, CZ-394043Apstar 121 Jul 1994XiD?!?#n^^3 &(_@B\df33, CZ-294055Optus B327 Aug 1994XiE (Star-63F)8?(?#np^^3 &('v&>@Zbdj34, CZ-394080DFH 3-129 Nov 1994XiAIq!?q?#^^3 "$ b <>X`b(~$35, CZ-2n/aApstar 225 Jan 1995XiE (Star-63F)Failure: vehicle destroyed due to wind shearF(??#z^^3 &"(k)DF bjl36, CZ-295064Asiasat 228 Nov 1995XiE (STPM-17)Aq??#z^^3 &"(VR^Z)FH dln|37, CZ-295073Echostar 128 Dec 1995XiE (?)^??#z^^3 "$ĉDF`hj"p$38, CZ-3n/aIntelsat 70814 Feb 1996XiBFailure: attitude control lost within seconds, due to an electrical failure&Q?&?#z^^3 &"(i"鉀)DF bjlp39, CZ-396039Apstar 1A03 Jul 1996Xi225 x 42184 km x 26.9Ns?t?#^^3 &"( 'v&)>@ t|~"40, CZ-396048DFH 4218 Aug 1996 at 10:27 UTXiPartial failure: 3rd stage shutdown 48s early8&?@#np^^3 &(!'v&>t?@>@Zbdj41, CZ-296059FSW 2-320 Oct 1996JiD#Ht?@#^^3 &"("'v&)>"@  z42, CZ-397021DFH 4411 May 1997 at 16:17 UTXiA/Z@@#z^^3 &"(#'v&)>@ t|~43, CZ-397029DFH 4510 Jun 1997 at 12:01 UTXi206 x 35987 km x 28.43^@ @#z^^3 &"(n)DF z44, CZ-397042Mabuhay 119 Aug 1997 at 17:30 UTXiB170 x 44499 km x 24.6@@#~Y^^3 &$(Ї) Ѐ؀ڀ45, CZ-2970482 Iridium MFS (Mass Frequency Simulators)650 kg each1 Sep 1997 at 14:00 UTTyCFirst flight from Taiyanwith Smart Dispenser upper stage+\ @@#n^^3 &("鉂BDv~46, CZ-397062Apstar 2R16 Oct 1997 at 17:13 UTXiB201 x 47922 km x 24.4Xv@@#^^3 &<(iՅ kՅ)pr 47, CZ-297077A: Iridium 42B: Iridium 448 Dec 1997 at 07:16 UTTyC-3-SDSD = Smart Dispenser3]@F @#|^^3 &*(ՅՅjl48, CZ-298018A: Iridium 51B: Iridium 6125 Mar 1998 at 17:01 UTTyC-SD&P@l @#|^^3 &*(ՅՅjl49, CZ-298026A: Iridium 69B: Iridium 712 May 1998TyC-SD <F @w @#nx^^3 &(j)ቂFHbjlr50, CZ-398034Chinastar 130 May 1998XiB)Kl @ @#^^3  *(,ԥ_)JL 51, CZ-398044Sinosat 118 Jul 1998 at 09:20 UTXiB?`w @ @#^^3 (0*lՅՅnp 52, CZ-298048A: Iridium 03B: Iridium 7619 Aug 1998 at 23:01 UTTyC-SDiB @H@' %Notes: Launch sites: Xi = Xichang, Ji = Jiuquan, Ty = Taiyuan7 @@'   FB-1 launches?uH@@#d^^2   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)4@@@#:h^^2 @@@> "BD^`d1, FB-1n/aR&D suborbital10 Aug 19724@A@#Fh^^2  "02LNR' 2, FB-1n/aJSSW?18 Sep 1973Failure R@@B@#F^^2  "02LNR' 3, FB-1n/aJSSW?14 Jul 1974Failure: 2nd stage engine lost thrust0A@C@#F`^^2 $&#(v&:<VX\4, FB-175070JSSW 126 Jul 19750B@D@#F`^^2 $&%(v&:<VX\5, FB-175119JSSW 216 Dec 19750C@pE@#F`^^2 $&&(v&:<VX\6, FB-176087JSSW 330 Aug 19764D@_F@#Fh^^2  "02LNR' 7, FB-1n/aJSSW?10 Nov 1976Failure2pE@FG@#:d^^2  ">@Z\`8, FB-1n/a(suborbital)14 Sep 19772_F@-H@#:d^^2  ">@Z\`9, FB-1n/a(suborbital)16 Apr 1978 PFG@8I@#F^^2 "$.0JLP' 10, FB-1n/aSJ?27 Jul 1979Failure: 2nd stage thrusters failureH-H@IJ@#b^^2 &8()(v&&v&&v&jl11, FB-181093A: SJ 2B: SJ 3AC: SJ 3B19 Sep 1981M&8I@J@' L%Notes: All launches from Juiquan.?IJ@J@1TB6}p}J@K@YJANASDA vehiclesKJ@ K@5 :. " NASDA vehiclese4J@K@1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs K@}N@& The NASDA (National Space Development Agency) was founded in October 1969 by the japanese Space Activity Commission to replace the NSDC (National Space Development Center) created in 1964. The NASDA's mission was to bring the application satellite programs to life and to develop launcher capable of orbiting them.Three sounding rockets were already used by the NASDA for technological tests. Those were the single stage SB solid fuel rocket of 70 kg, the 2-stage 2.3 tons JCR solid fuel rocket and the 2-stage 2.5 tons LSC which was the only Japanese launcher with liquid propellant. The experience gained in the development of the second stage (stockable propellant) will later be used for the LE-3 motor of the N1.6K@N@' O N1 launchersJ}N@ @2 21p㉂_ 0The N1 was not a Japan made rocket but a Thor-Delta rocket built under licence which second stage had been designed in Japan.The first stage was a Long Tank Thor of 2.44 m diameter built by Mitsubishi Heavy Indutries (MHI) under McDonnell Douglas licence. It was powered by a 76N@ @J@5 kN MB-3 motor (liquid oxygen and kerosene) built by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) under licence Rocketdyne. This first stage was on during 219 seconds with the help of 3 Castor -2 boosters designed by Nissan under Thiokol licence. The second N1 stage was built by MHI with a TRW licence for the verniers. It was 5.44 m long for 1.62 m diameter and weighed 5.8 tons. It was propulsed by a Japanese LE-3 motor (nitrogen tetraoxide and Aerozine 50) which provided 53 kN (ISp = 285 s) in vacuum during 250 seconds. The solid fuel third stage used the Thiokol TEM-364-14 (Star-37N) propulsor capable of 39 kN during 41 seconds. The launcher was radiocontrolled, the guidance and piloting device was built by Nippon Electric Co Ltd, also under licence. N@@Q pyㅾTㆾTㇾTrWsWThe complete vehicle was then 90.4 tons for 32.6 m high. It provided 1485 kN at takeoff and could orbit 130 kg in GEO.The N1 launcher enabled to launch between 1975 and 1982 three technological satellites (Kiku 1, Kiku 2 and Kiku 4, one in GEO) and two scientific satellites (Ume 1 and Ume 2). Two other launchers ended as failures with telecommunication satellites (Ayame 1 and Ayame 2) because of the Aerojet apogee stage.6 @L@' O N2 launchersk@@8 >_ 0pp㉂First launched in 1981 the N2 rocket was a enhancement of the N1 entirely built under US licence. Even though equiped with the same motor, the new first stage had enlarged tanks (23% more fuel) which enabled 269 seconds burns. Moreover it was assisted by 9 Castor -2 boosters (6 fired at takeoff and the 3 remaining at shutdown of the latters) instead of 3.The second stage used the AJ-10-118FJ motor built by IHI under Aerojet General licence. The re-ignitable motor herited from the Delta used NTO-Ax50 (Aerozine 50) as propellant and thus provided 48.3 kN (ISp = 314 s) with a total uptime of 420 seconds. The Delta inertial guidance system was installed at the top of the second stage. The third stage was the TEM-364-4 (Star-37E) capable of providing 67 kN thrust during 44 seconds, built by Nissan under Thiokol licence. N2 was 134.7 tons for 35.4 m high and developped a 2150 kN at takeoff. It could place 350 kg in GEO or 1.6 tons in 1000 km circular orbit. It was in fact some kind of clone of the Delta Straight-Eight (constant diameter of 2.44 m). It was fired 8 times between Feb 1981 and Feb 1987 to launch:2L@!@`  ㈾T TT \O V$- 1 technological satellite: Kiku 3- 2 meteorological satellites: Himawari 2 & Himawari 3- 4 telecommunication satellites: Sakura 2s and Yuri 2s- an ocean observation satellite: Momo 1A6@W@'  H1 launchersY5!@@$ kIn the mid-1970 Japan carried out researches to build a launcher more powerful than the N series with a top stage using cryogenic propulsion built in Japan. The first launcher of this new series was H1. It reused the first stage, the boosters and the cap of N2 while the 2nd and 3rd stage were developped in Japan (without US assistance) together with the ISAS and the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL). The second stage used the LE-5, a cryogenic re-ignatable motor (liquid oxygen and hydrogren) built by MHI, IHI and NAL. It provided a 103 kN thrust (ISp = 448 s) during about 400 seconds. The stage (dry) weighed 1.1 tons and carried 8.7 tons propellant. The third stage designed by Nissan was made of a powder bloc (HTPB) of about 2 tons. It could provide a mean thrust of 92 kN (ISp = 291 s) during 62 seconds.!W@@r _ r& A ㉾T T \O W$H1 was 138 tons and 40 m high. It could deliver 550 kg in GEO and 2.2 tons in circular 1000 km orbit (two-stage version). It was used 9 times between 1986 and 1992 for:- a geodesy satellite: Ajisai with a HAM radio @@J@satellite: Fuji- a technological satellite: Kiku 5- a meteorology satellite: Himawari 4- 4 telecommunication satellites: Sakura 3s and Yuri 3s- an ocean observation satellite: Momo 1bV*@3@, (T Z- a remote sensing satellite: Fuyo 16@i@' O H2 launchers3@[@& The Japanese Space Activity Commission (SAC) decided in 1984 not to enhance the H1 as planned but to develop an new launcher called H2. This H2 is a modern rocket with combined propulsion (two large solid boosters and a cryogenic main motor) entirely designed in Japan.Each booster is 23.4 m is height, 1.81 m in diameter and weighs 70.4 tons including 60 tons powder (HTPB; ISp = 273 s) providing 1540 kN thrust during 94 seconds. The main body of 4 m diameter up to the cap has 2 stages. The first stage of 28 m heigh weighs 98.1 tons. It features a liquid oxygen and hydrogen LE-7 motor of 843 kN at ground level (1078 kN in vaccum; ISp = 446 s). The second stage weighs 19.7 tons for 10.6 m high and makes use of an enhanced version of LE-5A, the second stage motor of the H1. It provides 121.5 kN thrust (ISp = 452 s) during 610 seconds in two burns. MHI, the integrator of the launcher, also builds the cryogenic motors while Nissan provides the solid boosters.i@c@% H2 is nearly 50 m high and weighs 264 tons at takeoff. It can launch 4 tons in GTO, 5 to 6 tons in sun-synchronous orbit and 10 tons in LEO like for example the unmanned HOPE shuttle. It was launched 4 times since Feb 1994.4 [@@'  N launches?uc@@#d^^2   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)1@@#Fb^^2 "$ㅾT68RT^1, N-175082ETS 109 Sep 1975N-11@@#Fb^^2 "$rW68RT^2, N-276019Ume 122 Feb 1976N-11@@#Fb^^2 "$ㆾT68RT^3, N-377014ETS 223 Feb 1977N-11@@#Fb^^2 "$sW68RT^4, N-478018Ume 216 Feb 1978N-1%a@@#X^^2 "$:<TV"`  5, N-579009Ayame 16 Feb 1979N-1Failure: 3rd stage collided with the payload3@@#Ff^^2 "$:<VXb6, N-680018Ayame 222 Feb 1980N-1;@@#Fv^^2 "$㈾T68RTr7, N-781012ETS 411 Feb 1981N-2 (3 stage);@@#Fv^^2 "$T68RTr8, N-881076GMS 211 Aug 1981N-2 (3 stage)0@|A#F`^^2 "$ㇾT@|AJ@68PR\9, N-982087ETS 33 Sep 1982N-1@@wA#F^^2 &(J.BD\^|10, N-1083006Sakura 2A4 Feb 1983N-2 (3 stage)@|ArA#F^^2 &(K.BD\^|11, N-1183081Sakura 2B5 Aug 1983N-2 (3 stage)?wAlA#F~^^2 &(㉂>@Z\z12, N-1284005Yuri 2A23 Jan 1984N-2 (3 stage)<rAcA#Fx^^2 &(T:<TVt13, N-1384080GMS 33 Aug 1984N-2 (3 stage)?lA]A#F~^^2 &(㉂>@Z\z14, N-1486016Yuri 2B12 Feb 1986N-2 (3 stage)?cAWA#F~^^2 &(V$>@Z\z15, N-1587018Momo 1A19 Feb 1987N-2 (2 stage)Q*]AA' T%Notes: All launches from Tanegashima.5WAA'  H1 launches?uAA#d^^   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)OA- A#T^^ $*&r& TO뉂Z\vx1, H-1586061A: AjisaiB: Fuji 1A12 Aug 1986H-1 (2 st,9 SO)>A& A#F|^^ $&㉾T8:TVx2, H-1787070ETS 527 Aug 1987H-1 (3 st,9 SO)B- A# A#F^^ $&u.@B\^3, H-1888012Sakura 3A19 Feb 1988H-1 (3 st,9 SO)B& A A#F^^ $&v.@B\^4, H-1988086Sakura 3B16 Sep 1988H-1 (3 st,9 SO)=# A A#Fz^^ $&T8:RTv5, H-2089070GMS 45 Sep 1989H-1 (3 st,6 SO)#Z A;A#b^^ $8&W$XZ|7, H-2290077Yuri 3A28 Aug 1990H-1 (3 st,9 SO)@;A=@A#F^^ $&㉂<>XZ|8, H-2391066A=@AJ@0Yuri 3B25 Aug 1991H-1 (3 st,9 SO)?6A7AA#F~^^ $&Z:<VXz9, H-2492007JERS 111 Feb 1992H-1 (2 st,9 SO)}V=@AAA' %Notes: All launches from Tanegashima. In type column: st = stages, SO = strap-ons57AAAA'  H2 launches?uAA(CA#d^^   $& <> \ ln #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)OAAEDA#l^^ $6&U +V Z\ 1, H-2694007A: RyuseiB: Myojo3 Feb 1994 at 22:20 UTH28(CA8EA#Fp^^ $&㊾T8:TVl2, H-2794056ETS 628 Aug 1994H2 [LAPS]#UEDA[FA#l^^ $6&T TV 3, H-2895011A: SFUB: GMS 518 Mar 1995 at 08:01 UTH2 (2 SSB)T8EAwGA#`^^ 0isJ ;TV 4, 96046A: Adeos 1B: Fuji 217 Aug 1996 at 01:53 UTH2 (2 SSB)H[FAHA#`^^ 0ŘbU㋾TLN 5, 97074A: TRMMB: ETS 727 Nov 1997 at 21:27 UTH2wGAJA#dm^^ "ˎ46 jl"$ 6, 98011Comets21 Feb 1998 at 07:55 UTH2 [LAPS]partial failure: the second burn of the top stage failed (after 44 s); maybe caused by a combustion chamber leakQ*HAYJA' T%Notes: All launches from Tanegashima.8JAJA1+l~JAKABPegasusDYJAJA5 : " PegasusDJAKA* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraJAOA(  Orbital Science Corp. (OSC) started the design of the Air-Launched Space Booster (ASLB) alias Pegasus in April 1987. Pegasus is composed of three stages with wings, made of composit structure, powered with solif fuel and inertial guidance.In it's standard version, Pegasus is 14.8 m long by 1.27 m diameter. It has a triangular flying surface of 6.7 m span and a rear 3-drift empennage. It weighs about 18.3 tons without the payload.The carrier aircraft (B52 or L1011) jettisons Pegasus at 12000 m altitude at Mach 0.8. The launcher's propulsion is provided by 3 Hercules stages. The first stage is a fixed-nozzle Orion 50S, piloted by aerodynamical control surfaces. It provides 49.6 t thrust during 73 s. The second stage (same diameter) is a flexible-nozzle Orion 50 which delivers 12.5 t thurst during 72 s. The third stage is an Orion 38 with flexible nozzle that burns during 65 seconds providing 4.4 t thrust. The 2nd and 3rd stage mobile nozzles provide yawing and pitching guidance while rolling guidance is made with gas propellers which are also used for attitude control during the ballistic phases, and orientation and initial spin of the payload.9KAA6 :  OAAYJAThe payload mass of the standard version ranges from 270 to 410 kg depending on the orbit inclination. OSC made enhanced versions available:- additional 4th stage (liquid fuel): HAPS (Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System)- lengthement of the 2 first stages (+24% propellant in the first stage, +30% in the second)This version named Pegasus XL is 16.5 m long and weighs 22.7 tons. Its performance are 60% better than the original design.Introduced in 1990 Pegasus had a difficult time obtaining a working launcher. Eight standard Pegasus were launched with success, the last one in May 1996. Nowadays only the XL version is produced. The two first launches were failures. After 3 successes the 6th model performed correctly but failed to release its payload.:OAOA' & Pegasus launchesfAA# 4\N\   $& <> \ l |~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)/_OAA#p4\N\ sg^`x190028A: PegsatB: Glomr 2 (USA 055)5 Apr 1990E, B52480 km x 680 km x 941dAA#j4\N\ <>Xhjv291051Microsat 1 to 717 Jul 1991E, B52HAPSPartial failure350 km x 450 km x 82=gARA#|4\N\ *9_PIWVX393009A: Orbcomm XP 1B: SCD 19 Feb 1993 at 14:30 UTC, B52730 km x 790 km x 25PAqA#n4\N\ b .0brtx493026Alexis25 Apr 1993 at 13:56 UTE, B52Satellite damagedL|RAA#p4\N\ 󼬉.0brt594029Step 219 May 1994 at 17:03 UTE, B52HAPSThe perigee was lower than expected600 km x 830 km x 82O}qA A#t4\N\ 󼬉*,FZ\d6n/aStep 127 Jun 1994V, L1011XLFailure: malfunctioned during the first stage burn, had to be destroyed!RA-A#n4\N\ |KU*,\lnr794046Apex3 Aug 1994 at 14:39 UTV, B52365 km x 2550 km x 70<_ AiA#4\N\ 88s:9s:K895017A: Orbcomm FM 1B: Orbcomm FM 2C: Microlab 13 Apr 1995V, L1011Ft-AA#t4\N\ 󼬉*,^rt|9n/aStep 322 Jun 1995 at 19:58 UTV, L1011XLFailure: interstage didn't separate from 2nd stageEiAA#z4\N\AAYJA "W02fz|1096014REX 209 Mar 1996 at 01:33 UTV, L1011XLDAA#z4\N\ "x24h|~1196031MSTI 317 May 1996 at 02:44 UTV, L1011DAA#z4\N\ " bU.0dxz1296037TOMS02 Jul 1996 at 07:48 UTV, L1011XLDA A#z4\N\ ""QU.0dxz1396049Fast21 Aug 1996 at 09:47 UTV, L1011XLZ{AzA#4\N\ 0˓FW!SU>@rxz1496061SAC BHETE4 Nov 1996 at 17:09 UTWXLthe 2 payloads failed to separate from the third stageVz AA#4\N\ 0K&H `b1597018A: Minisat 01B: Celestis 121 Apr 1997 at 11:59 UTL1011XLlaunched from the Canary islandsFzAA#n4\N\ Je68h|~1697037Orbview 21 Aug 1997 at 20:20 UTV, L1011XL>AA#z|4\N\ "ձT02flnv1797047Forte29 Aug 1997 at 15:00 UTVXL?A A#z~4\N\ "󼬉24hnpx1897063Step 422 Oct 1997 at 13:15 UTWXLAA#Ё4\N\ ~s:?s:@s:rZыiZыjZыDFx~1997084A: Orbcomm FM 5B: Orbcomm FM 6C: Orbcomm FM 7D: Orbcomm FM 8E: Orbcomm FM 9F: Orbcomm FM 10G: Orbcomm FM 11H: Orbcomm FM 1223 Dec 1997 at 19:11 UTWXLHAPS fourth stage-Q AA#4\N\ 0EaU5`1VX2098012A: SNOEB: Teledesic 126 Feb 1998 at 07:07 UTVXL:AA#bt4\N\ *,^dfn2198020Trace02 Apr 1998 at 02:42 UTVXLA B#Ё4\N\ ~kZыlZыmZыnZыoZыpZыqZыZыNP2298046A: Orbcomm FM 13B: Orbcomm FM 14C: Orbcomm FM 15D: Orbcomm FM 16E: Orbcomm FM 17F: Orbcomm FM 18G: Orbcomm FM 19H: Orbcomm FM 2002 Aug 1998 at 16:24 UTWXLA BYJA:AFB+ $%Notes: in the launch site column C stands for Cape Canaveral and released at sea, E stands for Edwards and released at Point Arguello, V stands for Vandenberg and released at Point Arguello, and W stands for Wallops. This indication is followed by the airplane type0 BvB' O FutureJ&FBB$ MOSC plans to equip Pegasus XL with two turbojets. Once released at 12000 m altitude the Pegasus Turbo will be accelerated by its turbojets to reach 30000 m altitude at over Mach 4. OSC claims the 30.8 t Pegasus Turbo will be 125% more powerful than Pegasus XL and could orbit 1000 kg in LEO.1vBB1vB4ByBC B4B# @Pegasus: other future flightsEByB( ;SeaWifsForteMinisat24 Orbcomm FM xxOrbview (1m imaging satellite OSC plans to launch in late 1997. Planning is already starting on OrbView 2, which will have the same resolution over a wider swath (15km instead of 4km), longer life, and a radar system to supplement its optics.)14BB1WBB$BT+yBB) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&B$B# 7B[B1{p[BB`FFProtonC$BB5 : " Protone4[BB1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs*B-B/ , The first activity of the Chelomei OKB-52 located at Reoutov near Moscow was navy missiles manufacturing. In 1959 it started producing the solid propulsion UR-96 ABM and the UR-100 (SS-11 Sego) ICBM with stockable liquid propellant. The Miassichtchev OKB-23 and the Latvotchkin OKB-301 were joined to it in 1960 and 1962 respectively.First generation ProtonChelomei started developping the heavy launcher UR-500 (SL-9/D) in 1961. The production started in 1962 in the Khrounitchev factory in Fili.iB B' The first stage had a bundle structure like the US Saturn 1: 6 UDMH tanks of about 1.8 m diameter surrounder a 4.1 m diameter NTO tank. It was powered by 6 adjustable RD-253 motors (Glouchko, NPO Energomash) of 1460 kN thrust at ground level each (SI: 317 s, 1635 kN in vacuum). The thrust of the current version of those motors (modified in 1986) is 1475 kN at ground level and 1745 kN in vacuum.The second stage of 4.15 m diameter features a bloc of 4 RD-0210 motors (Kosberg, KB Khimautomatiki) consuming the same propellant. Each motor provided 583 kN thrust (Specific Impulsion: 327 s) during 210 seconds.i-B^ B8 >Ձ+܉ The UR-500 rocket (8K82) was 38.7 m high, weighed 562 tons and could place 12.5 tons payload on low Earth orbit. It was fired four times from Tyouratam: 2 in 1965 and 2 in 1966 and resulted in 3 successes (Proton).Four stages Proton (D1e / SL12)The 4-stage RU-500K was originally developped to flyby the Moon with a manned capsule. Therefore the UR-500 was equipped with 2 upper stages resulting in a 690 tons and 58 meters rocket.The third stage (Chelomei, KB Saliout) had the same diameter as the second. It was propulsed by a single 4-vernier RD-0210 motor. Its thrust was 630 kN during 250 seconds. BaB% The Block-D fourth stage (Korolev, NPO Energia) was derived from the Korolev's N1 lunar launcher where it was the fith stage. It consumed oxygen and kerosene with a integrated-flux motor. The latter was refirable and provided 85 kN thrust (SI = 352 s) during 600 seconds. This stage was used until 1976 for interplanetary probes. From 1974 on , a modified version called Block-DM was introduced for GEO launched, then followed by a DM2 version in 1982 and and DM3 in 1996. ^ BABj e  ‰ -~񢝉Mᇏ~wDVqiNowadays it seems the motor is RD-58The 8K82K launaBAB$Bcher introduced in 1967 was used for:- lunar probes (Zond, Luna, up to 5.7 tons) and interplanetary probes (up to 4.6 tons to Mars and 5.3 tons to Venus)- geostationary telecommunication satellites (Raduga, Ekran, Gorizont and then Luch, Gals, Express), meteorological satellite (Electro) and early warning satellite (in the Cosmos series) up to 2.4 tons.`aB5DBL f 㤄*  mKThree stages Proton (SL13/D1)The Proton launcher was also used in a 3-stage version to orbit payloads up to 21 tons (LEO at 200 km, 51.6 inclination)After it's first flight in 1968 to orbit Proton 4, this version launched:- the space stations of the manned programs (Saliout, Mir) and derived (Almaz)- TKS type vessels (Cosmos Merkur, Kvant, Kristall, etc...)Note: a modernized version named Proton M is announced for 1996-97. It should have new guidance systems and enhanced 2nd and 3rd stage motors. A cryogenic 4th stage is planned, so as a 5th stage derived from the Rokot Breeze.nJABDB$ The Proton launcher is marketed by International Launch Services (ILS)95DBDB' $ Proton launches8nDBFB#d4]2   $& <> ^ np #Launch idPayloadLaunch date TypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period),DBFB#FX4]2 㡄*24NPT165054Proton 116 Jul 1965+FBGB#FV4]2 㢄*24LNR265087Proton 22 Nov 1965.FBHB#F\4]2 02LNR3n/aProton (3a)24 Mar 1966F+GBIB#FV4]2 㣄*24LNR466060Proton 36 Jul 1966PHBJB#L4]2 @B\^"t$567021Cosmos 146 [L1 2]10 Mar 1967K Block-DP: Stage 4 failed OIBKB#L4]2 @BZ\"r$667032Cosmos 154 [L1 3]8 Apr 1967K Block-DP: Stage 4 failed MJBLB#L4]2 :<VX"n$7n/aZond (4a) [L1 4]28 Sep 1967K Block-DF: Stage 1 failed MKBMB#L4]2 :<VX"n$8n/aZond (4b) [L1 5]21 Nov 1967K Block-DF: Stage 2 failed7LBNB#:n4]2 8:RTj968013Zond 4 [L1 6]2 Mar 1968K Block-DWMB B#L4]2 <>XZ"p$10n/aZond (5a) [L1 7]22 Apr 1968K Block-DF: Stage 2 failed at max QNB B$B9NBB#:r4]2 :<VXn1168076Zond 5 [L1 9]14 Sep 1968K Block-D: BB#:t4]2 <>XZp1268101Zond 6 [L1 10]10 Nov 1968K Block-D.B҂B#F\4]2 㤄*46PRX1368103Proton 416 Nov 1968K>B˃B#F|4]2 >@Z\r$14n/aZond (7a) [L1 11]19 Jan 1969K Block-DFF҂B̄B#F4]2 NPjl$15n/aLuna (15a) (Lunokhod [1])19 Feb 1969K Block-DF6˃BB#Fl4]2 .0JLb$16n/aMars (2b)27 Mar 1969K Block-DF5̄BB#Fj4]2 .0HJ`$17n/aMars (2c)2 Apr 1969K Block-DF7BB#Fn4]2 02LNd$18n/aLuna (15b)14 Apr 1969K Block-DF6BB#Fl4]2 02JLb$19n/aLuna (15c)4 Jun 1969K Block-DF3BxB#:f4]2 .0JLb2069058Luna 1513 Jul 1969K Block-D9BfB#:r4]2 <>VXn2169067Zond 7 [L1 12]7 Aug 1969K Block-DWxB{B#L4]2 NPjl"$2268080Cosmos 300 [Luna (16a)]23 Sep 1969K Block-DP: Stage 4 failedWfBB#L4]2 NPjl"$2369092Cosmos 305 [Luna (16b)]22 Oct 1969K Block-DP: Stage 4 failedI{BB#F4]2 TVpr$24n/aCosmos (311) [L1E 1, T1K #1]16 Nov 1969K Block-DF8BB#Fp4]2 46NPf$25n/aCosmos (323)6 Feb 1970K Block-DF'BiB#FN4]2 "$<>D$26n/a(?)8 Aug 1970KF3B]B#:f4]2 .0JiB]B$BLb2770072Luna 1612 Sep 1970K Block-D:iBLB#:t4]2 <>XZp2870088Zond 8 [L1 13]20 Oct 1970K Block-D@]BAB#:4]2 HJdf|2970095Luna 17 (Lunokhod 1)10 Nov 1970K Block-DELB;B#:4]2 TVnp3070103Cosmos 382 [L1E 2, T1K #2]2 Dec 1970K Block-D4AB$B#:h4]2 @B\^d3171032Salyut 1 [DOS 1]19 Apr 1971K=;BaB#L4]2 LNhj"3271042Cosmos 419 [Mars (2d)]10 May 1971K Block-DP: Stage 4 failed to ignite due to timer programming error2$BHB#:d4]2 ,.HJ`3371045Mars 219 May 1971K Block-D2aB/B#:d4]2 ,.HJ`3471049Mars 328 May 1971K Block-D2HBB#:d4]2 .0HJ`3571073Luna 182 Sep 1971K Block-D3/BB#:f4]2 .0JLb3671082Luna 1928 Sep 1971K Block-D3BB#:f4]2 .0JLb3772007Luna 2014 Feb 1972K Block-D]BB#L4]2 @B\^"d38n/aSalyut (2) [DOS 2]29 Jul 1972KF: Stage 2 lost controll after 162 sec?BB#:~4]2 HJbdz3973001Luna 21 (Lunokhod 2)8 Jan 1973K Block-D3BB#:f4]2 @BZ\b4073017Salyut 2 [OPS 1]3 Apr 1973KBBB#:4]2 \^xz4173026Cosmos 557 [Salyut (3), DOS 3]11 May 1973K2BB#:d4]2 ,.HJ`4273047Mars 421 Jul 1973K Block-D2BB#:d4]2 ,.HJ`4373049Mars 525 Jul 1973K Block-D1BC#:b4]2 BC$B,.FH^4473052Mars 65 Aug 1973K Block-D1BzC#:b4]2 ,.FH^4573053Mars 79 Aug 1973K Block-D:CoC#Ft4]2 :<VXp4674017Cosmos 063726 Mar 1974K Block-DM3zCWC#:f4]2 .0JLb4774037Luna 2229 May 1974K Block-D4oC@C#:h4]2 @B\^d4874046Salyut 3 [OPS 2]24 Jun 1974K:WC5C#Ft4]2 㘜7:<VXp4974060Molniya 1-S29 Jul 1974K Block-DM3@CC#:f4]2 .0JLb5074084Luna 2328 Oct 1974K Block-D45CC#:h4]2 @B\^d5174104Salyut 4 [DOS 4]26 Dec 1974K3CC#:f4]2 02JLb5275050Venera 98 Jun 1975K Block-D5CC#:j4]2 24NPf5375054Venera 1014 Jun 1975K Block-D9C C#Fr4]2 o:<TVn5475097Cosmos 07758 Oct 1975K Block-DM7C C#Fn4]2 02LNd$55n/aLuna (24a)16 Oct 1975K Block-DF8 C C#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl5675123Raduga 0122 Dec 1975K Block-DM4 C C#:h4]2 @B\^d5776057Salyut 5 [OPS 3]22 Jun 1976K2 C C#:d4]2 .0HJ`5876081Luna 249 Aug 1976K Block-D8 CtC#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl5976092Raduga 0211 Sep 1976K Block-DM7 CfC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj6076107Ekran 0126 Oct 1976K Block-DMItCr@C#>4]2 jlfCr@C$B6176121Cosmos 881Cosmos 882[Merkur #1, #2]15 Dec 1976K>fCeAC#:|4]2 TVprx6277066Cosmos 929 [TKS Merkur #1]17 Jun 1977K8r@CXBC#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl6377071Raduga 0323 Jul 1977K Block-DM OeACdCC#J4]2 rt$6477077Cosmos (937)Cosmos (938)[Merkur #3, #4]4 Aug 1977KF7XBCVDC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj6577092Ekran 0220 Sep 1977K Block-DM4dCC?EC#:h4]2 @B\^d6677097Salyut 6 [DOS 5]29 Sep 1977KIVDC?FC#>4]2 jl6778032Cosmos 997Cosmos 998[Merkur #5, #6]30 Mar 1978K8?EC2GC#Fp4]2 02LNf$68n/aEkran (3a)27 May 1978K Block-DMF8?FC%HC#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl6978073Raduga 0418 Jul 1978K Block-DM82GCIC#Fp4]2 02LNf$70n/aEkran (3b)17 Aug 1978K Block-DMF5%HCJC#:j4]2 24LNf7178084Venera 119 Sep 1978K Block-DM6ICJC#:l4]2 24NPh7278086Venera 1214 Sep 1978K Block-DM8JCKC#Fp4]2 02LNf$73n/aEkran (3c)17 Oct 1978K Block-DMFZJCLC#X4]2 $o:<VX"p7478118Gorizont 0119 Dec 1978K Block-DMP: Stage 4 failed to reignite QKC NC#F4]2 vx$75n/aCosmos (1070) / Cosmos (1071) [Merkur #7, #8]5 Jan 1979KF7LCNC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj7679015Ekran 0321 Feb 1979K Block-DM8 NC C#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl7779035Raduga 0525 Apr 1979K Block-DMNC C$BNNCC#:4]2 tv7879042Cosmos 1100 / Cosmos 1101 [Merkur #9, #10]22 May 1979K9 CC#Fr4]2 %o:<TVn7979062Gorizont 025 Jul 1979K Block-DM6CC#Fl4]2 eɉ46NPh8079087Ekran 043 Oct 1979K Block-DM:CC#Ft4]2 %o:<VXp8179105Gorizont 0328 Dec 1979K Block-DM8C܄C#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl8280016Raduga 0620 Feb 1980K Block-DM:CхC#Ft4]2 %o:<VXp8380049Gorizont 0414 Jun 1980K Block-DM7܄CÆC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj8480060Ekran 0515 Jul 1980K Block-DM7хCC#Fn4]2 5oމ68PRj8580081Raduga 075 Oct 1980K Block-DM7ÆCC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj8680104Ekran 0626 Dec 1980K Block-DM8CC#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl8781027Raduga 0818 Mar 1981K Block-DM1CC#Fb4]2 v:<VX^8881039Cosmos 126725 Apr 1981K7CxC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj8981061Ekran 0726 Jun 1981K Block-DM8CkC#Fp4]2 5oމ68RTl9081069Raduga 0930 Jul 1981K Block-DM7xC]C#Fn4]2 =4oމ68PRj9181102Raduga 109 Oct 1981K Block-DM6kCHC#:l4]2 24NPh9281106Venera 1330 Oct 1981K Block-DM5]C2C#:j4]2 24LNf9381110Venera 144 Nov 1981K Block-DM6HC/C#Fl4]2 eɉ46NPh9482009Ekra2C/C$Bn 085 Feb 1982K Block-DM:2C$C#Ft4]2 %o:<VXp9582020Gorizont 0515 Mar 1982K Block-DM4/C C#:h4]2 @B\^d9682033Salyut 7 [DOS 6]19 Apr 1982K:$CC#Ft4]2 6v:<VXp9782044Cosmos 136617 May 1982K Block-DM8 CC#Fp4]2 02LNf$98n/aEkran (9a)23 Jul 1982K Block-DMF7CC#Fn4]2 eɉ46PRj9982093Ekran 0916 Sep 1982K Block-DM^CC#:4]210082100Cosmos 1414 [Uragan #1]/Cosmos 1413,1415[Dummy]12 Oct 1982K Block-DM2<CC#Fx4]2%o<>XZt10182103Gorizont 0620 Oct 1982K Block-DM2:CC#Ft4]244oމ8:TVp10282113Raduga 1126 Nov 1982K Block-DM2<CC#Fx4]268RTn$103n/aRaduga (12a)24 Dec 1982K Block-DM2F1CC#Fb4]2w<>VX^10483013Cosmos 14432 Mar 1983K9CC#Fr4]2xdɉ68RTn10583016Ekran 1012 Mar 1983K Block-DM27CC#Fn4]2"24NPj10683020Astron23 Mar 1983K Block-DM29CC#Fr4]254oމ8:RTn10783028Raduga 128 Apr 1983K Block-DM27CC#:n4]246NPj10883053Venera 152 Jun 1983K Block-DM27C{C#:n4]246NPj10983054Venera 167 Jun 1983K Block-DM2;CqC#Fv4]2%o<>VXr11083066Gorizont 071 Jul 1983K Block-DM2`{CD#:4]2qCD$B11183084Cosmos 1490-1491 [Uragan #2,3]/Cosmos 1492[Dummy]10 Aug 1983K Block-DM2:qCD#Ft4]264oމ8:TVp11283088Raduga 1325 Aug 1983K Block-DM29D{D#Fr4]2odɉ68RTn11383100Ekran 1129 Sep 1983K Block-DM2<DrD#Fx4]2%o<>XZt11483118Gorizont 0830 Nov 1983K Block-DM2`{DD#:4]211583127Cosmos 1519-1520 [Uragan #4,5]/Cosmos 1521[Dummy]29 Dec 1983K Block-DM2:rD|D#Ft4]274oމ8:TVp11684016Raduga 1415 Feb 1984K Block-DM2;DrD#Fv4]2V w<>VXr11784022Cosmos 15402 Mar 1984K Block-DM29|DfD#Fr4]2pdɉ68RTn11884028Ekran 1216 Mar 1984K Block-DM2<rD]D#Fx4]2R w<>XZt11984031Cosmos 154629 Mar 1984K Block-DM2<fDT D#Fx4]2%o<>XZt12084041Gorizont 0922 Apr 1984K Block-DM2`]Di D#:4]212184047Cosmos 1554-1555 [Uragan #6,7]/Cosmos 1556[Dummy]19 May 1984K Block-DM2:T D^ D#Ft4]284oމ8:TVp12284063Raduga 1522 Jun 1984K Block-DM2;i DT D#Fv4]2#o<>VXr12384078Gorizont 101 Aug 1984K Block-DM29^ DH D#Fr4]2qdɉ68RTn12484090Ekran 1324 Aug 1984K Block-DM2_T D\D#:4]212584095Cosmos 1593,1595 [Uragan #8,9]/Cosmos 1594[Dummy]4 Sep 1984K Block-DM2KH DbD#F4]2_剂Z\vx12684106Cosmos 1603 [Tselina-2 #1]28 Sep 1984K Block-DM25\DX@D#:j4]2.0JbDX@D$BLf12784125Vega 115 Dec 1984K Block-DM25bDBAD#:j4]2.0JLf12884128Vega 221 Dec 1984K Block-DM2<X@D9BD#Fx4]2|#o<>XZt12985007Gorizont 1118 Jan 1985K Block-DM2<BAD0CD#Fx4]28w<>XZt13085016Cosmos 162921 Feb 1985K Block-DM299BD$DD#Fr4]2rdɉ68RTn13185024Ekran 1422 Mar 1985K Block-DM2b0CD;ED#:4]213285037Cosmos 1650-1651 [Uragan #10-11]/Cosmos-1652[Dummy]17 May 1985K Block-DM2K$DDAFD#F4]2_剂Z\vx13385042Cosmos 1656 [Tselina-2 #2]30 May 1985K Block-DM29;ED5GD#Fr4]294oމ8:RTn13485070Raduga 168 Aug 1985K Block-DM2@AFD*HD#:4]2XZtv|13585086Cosmos 1686 [TKS Merkur #4]27 Sep 1985KO5GD.ID#:4]2bd~13685102Cosmos 1700 [Luch #1, Altair #1]25 Oct 1985K Block-DM2:*HD#JD#Ft4]2:4oމ8:TVp13785107Raduga 1715 Nov 1985K Block-DM2b.ID:KD#:4]213885118Cosmos 1710-1711 [Uragan #12-13]/Cosmos-1712[Dummy]24 Dec 1985K Block-DM2:#JD/LD#Ft4]2;4oމ8:TVp13986007Raduga 1817 Jan 1986K Block-DM22:KDMD#:d4]2<>XZ`14086017Mir 1 [DOS 7]19 Feb 1986K;/LD ND#Fv4]2w<>VXr14186027Cosmos 17384 Apr 1986K Block-DM29MDOD#Fr4]2sdɉ68RTn14286038Ekran 1524 May 1986K Block-DM2< ND D#Fx4]2}#o<>XZt14386044Gorizont 1210 Jun 1986K Block-DM2OD D$BOODD#:4]2bd~14486071Cosmos 1778-1780 [Uragan #14-16]16 Sep 1986K Block-DM2: DD#Ft4]2<4oމ8:TVp14586082Raduga 1925 Oct 1986K Block-DM2<DD#Fx4]2~#o<>XZt14686090Gorizont 1318 Nov 1986K Block-DM2BDD#F4]2VXrtz$14787002Cosmos [1811] [Almaz-T #1]29 Dec 1986KFaDD#L4]2^`z|"14887010Cosmos 1817 30 Jan 1987K Block-DM2P: Stage 4 failed:D D#Ft4]2h4oމ8:TVp14987028Raduga 2019 Mar 1987K Block-DM2,DD#:X4]202LNT15087030Kvant 131 Mar 1987K-o DD#L4]2bd~"15187036Cosmos 1838-1840 [Uragan #17-19]24 Apr 1987K Block-DM2P: Stage 4 failed to reignite<DD#Fx4]2#o<>XZt15287040Gorizont 1411 May 1987K Block-DM22DD#Fd4]2!w<>XZ`15387064Cosmos 187025 Jul 1987K8DD#Fp4]2tdɉ68PRl15487073Ekran 163 Sep 1987K Block-DM2ODD#:4]2bd~15587079Cosmos 1883-1885 [Uragan #20-22]16 Sep 1987K Block-DM2;DD#Fv4]2!w<>VXr15687084Cosmos 18881 Oct 1987K Block-DM2<DD#Fx4]2!w<>XZt15787091Cosmos 189428 Oct 1987K Block-DM2<DڎD#Fx4]2!w<>XZt15887096Cosmos 189726 Nov 1987K Block-DM2:DϏD#Ft4]2_4oމ8:TVp15987100Raduga 2110 Dec 1987K Block-DM29ڎDD#Fr4]2ϏDD$Budɉ68RTn16087109Ekran 1727 Dec 1987K Block-DM2 NϏDD#L4]28:TV"p161n/aGorizont [15]18 Jan 1988K Block-DM2F: Stage 3 failedbDD#F4]2bd~$16288009Cosmos 1917-1919 [Uragan #23-25]17 Feb 1988K Block-DM2P: Stage 4 failed<DD#Fx4]2#o<>XZt16388028Gorizont 1531 Mar 1988K Block-DM2GDD#:4]2RTnp16488034Cosmos 1940 [Prognoz #1]26 Apr 1988K Block-DM28DD#Fp4]2vdɉ68PRl16588036Ekran 186 May 1988K Block-DM2ODD#:4]2bd~16688043Cosmos 1946-1948 [Uragan #26-28]21 May 1988K Block-DM25DD#:j4]202JLf16788058Fobos 17 Jul 1988K Block-DM26DD#:l4]202LNh16888059Fobos 212 Jul 1988K Block-DM2;DD#Fv4]2(w<>VXr16988066Cosmos 19611 Aug 1988K Block-DM2<DD#Fx4]2#o<>XZt17088071Gorizont 1618 Aug 1988K Block-DM2!XDD#b4]28(w(w(wtv17188085Cosmos 1970Cosmos 1971Cosmos 197216 Sep 1988K Block-DM2:DD#Ft4]2`4oމ8:TVp17288095Raduga 2220 Oct 1988K Block-DM29DD#Fr4]2wdɉ68RTn17388108Ekran 1910 Dec 1988K Block-DM2!XDD#b4]28(w(w(wtv17489001Cosmos 1987Cosmos 1988Cosmos 198910 Jan 1989K Block-DM2<DD#Fx4]2#o<>XZt17589004Gorizont 1726 Jan 1989K Block-DM2:DE#Ft4]2DE$Ba4oމ8:TVp17689030Raduga 2314 Apr 1989K Block-DM2!XDE#b4]28exexextv17789039Cosmos 2022Cosmos 2023Cosmos 202431 May 1989K Block-DM2;EE#Fv4]2ƭ\:<VXr17889048Raduga 1-121 Jun 1989K Block-DM2;EE#Fv4]2#o<>VXr17989052Gorizont 185 Jul 1989K Block-DM2<EE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt18089081Gorizont 1928 Sep 1989K Block-DM2,EE#:X4]202LNT18189093Kvant 226 Nov 1989K6EE#Fl4]2㲩)C24LNh18289096Granat1 Dec 1989K Block-DM2:EE#Ft4]2b4oމ8:TVp18389098Raduga 2415 Dec 1989K Block-DM2<EE#Fx4]2+fx<>XZt18489101Cosmos 205427 Dec 1989K Block-DM2:E~ E#Ft4]2c4oމ8:TVp18590016Raduga 2515 Feb 1990K Block-DM2!XE E#b4]28fxfxfxtv18690045Cosmos 2079Cosmos 2080Cosmos 208119 May 1990K Block-DM2-~ E E#:Z4]224NPV18790048Kristall31 May 1990K< Ex E#Fx4]2#o<>XZt18890054Gorizont 2020 Jun 1990K Block-DM2< Eo E#Fx4]2fx<>XZt18990061Cosmos 208518 Jul 1990K Block-DM2 bx EE#L4]246"P190?9 Aug 1990K Block-DM2F: Stage 2 failed due to forgotten rag in a fuel line;o EE#Fv4]2#o<>VXr19190094Gorizont 213 Nov 1990K Block-DM2<E@E#Fx4]2#oE@E$B<>XZt19290102Gorizont 2223 Nov 1990K Block-DM2 WEAE#b4]28&x$x{$xtv19390110Cosmos 2109Cosmos 2110Cosmos 21118 Dec 1990K Block-DM2:@EBE#Ft4]2d4oމ8:TVp19490112Raduga 2620 Dec 1990K Block-DM2;AECE#Fv4]2ƭ\:<VXr19590116Raduga 1-227 Dec 1990K Block-DM2<BEDE#Fx4]2$x<>XZt19691010Cosmos 213314 Feb 1991K Block-DM2:CEEE#Ft4]2e4oމ8:TVp19791014Raduga 2728 Feb 1991K Block-DM29DEmFE#:r4]2JLfhn19891024Almaz 1 [Almaz-T #3]31 Mar 1991K WEEGE#b4]28$x%x$xtv19991025Cosmos 2139Cosmos 2140Cosmos 21414 Apr 1991K Block-DM2;mFEHE#Fv4]2#o<>VXr20091046Gorizont 232 Jul 1991K Block-DM2<GEzIE#Fx4]2+%x<>XZt20191064Cosmos 215513 Sep 1991K Block-DM2<HEqJE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt20291074Gorizont 2423 Oct 1991K Block-DM2<zIEhKE#Fx4]2~%x<>XZt20391079Cosmos 217222 Nov 1991K Block-DM2:qJE]LE#Ft4]2f4oމ8:TVp20491087Raduga 2819 Dec 1991K Block-DM2!XhKE~ME#b4]28%x%x%xtv20592005Cosmos 2177Cosmos 2178Cosmos 217929 Jan 1992K Block-DM2;]LEtNE#Fv4]2#o<>VXr20692017Gorizont 252 Apr 1992K Block-DM2<~MEkOE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt20792043Gorizont 2614 Jul 1992K Block-DM2!XtNEE#b4]28:-x;-x<-xtkOEE$Bv20892047Cosmos 2204Cosmos 2205Cosmos 220629 Jul 1992K Block-DM2<kOEE#Fx4]2?-x<>XZt20992059Cosmos 220910 Sep 1992K Block-DM29EE#Fr4]2dɉ68RTn21092074Ekran 2030 Oct 1992K Block-DM2<EzE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt21192082Gorizont 2727 Nov 1992K Block-DM2<EqE#Fx4]2+x<>XZt21292088Cosmos 222417 Dec 1992K Block-DM2!XzEE#b4]28 ,x,x,xtv21393010Cosmos 2234Cosmos 2235Cosmos 223617 Feb 1993K Block-DM2:qEE#Ft4]2g4oމ8:TVp21493013Raduga 2925 Mar 1993K Block-DM2A}EȇE#X4]2n>:<VX"r215n/aGorizont #3927 May 1993K Block-DM2F: Stage 2 failed because contaminated UDMH destroyed an engine:EE#Ft4]24oމ8:TVp21693062Raduga 3030 Sep 1993K Block-DM2<ȇEE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt21793069Gorizont 2828 Oct 1993K Block-DM2<EE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt21893072Gorizont 2918 Nov 1993K Block-DM28EE#Fp4]2O?24NPl21994002Gals 120 Jan 1994K Block-DM2M:EE#Ft4]2ƭ\:<TVp22094008Raduga 1-35 Feb 1994K Block-DM2:EE#Ft4]24oމ8:TVp22194012Raduga 3118 Feb 1994K Block-DM2!XEE#b4]28,x,x,xtv22294021Cosmos 2275Cosmos 2276Cosmos 227711 Apr 1994K Block-DM2<EE#Fx4]2#o<>XZt22394030Gorizont 3020 May 1994K Block-DM2;EE#Fv4]2EE$B,x<>VXr22494038Cosmos 22826 Jul 1994K Block-DM2!XEE#b4]28,x,x,xtv22594050Cosmos 2287Cosmos 2288Cosmos 228911 Aug 1994K Block-DM2<EE#Fx4]2 -x<>XZt22694060Cosmos 229121 Sep 1994K Block-DM2;EE#Fv4]2J78:TVr22794067Express 113 Oct 1994K Block-DM2M;EE#Fv4]2Q8:TVr22894069Electro 131 Oct 1994K Block-DM2M!XEE#b4]28-x-x-xtv22994076Cosmos 2294Cosmos 2295Cosmos 229620 Nov 1994K Block-DM27EE#Fn4]2vEo24NPj23094082Luch 016 Dec 1994K Block-DM2:EE#Ft4]24oމ8:TVp23194087Raduga 3228 Dec 1994K Block-DM2 WEE#b4]28v4xw4xx4xtv23295009Cosmos 2307Cosmos 2308Cosmos 23097 Mar 1995K Block-DM2+EE#:V4]2.0JLR23395024Spektr20 May 1995K!XEE#b4]282x2x2xtv23495037Cosmos 2316Cosmos 2317Cosmos 231824 Jul 1995K Block-DM2<EE#Fx4]22x<>XZt23595045Cosmos 231930 Aug 1995K Block-DM28EE#Fp4]2mEo24NPl23695054Luch 111 Oct 1995K Block-DM2M9EE#Rr4]2"O?&46RTn23795063Gals 217 Nov 1995K Block-DM2PEE#n4]2>3x3x3x&vx23895068Cosmos 2323Cosmos 2324Cosmos 232514 Dec 1995?>EE#R|4]2"#o&>@\^x23996005Gorizont 3125 Jan 1996K Block-DM2<EF#Rx4]2EF$B"4oމ&:<XZt24096010Raduga 3319 Feb 1996K Block-DM23rE F#R4]2")~&8:ln24196021Astra 1F8 Apr 1996 at 23:09 UTK Block-DM3Cmodified DM with less mass and SAAB adapter0FF#R`4]2 "&68TV\24296023Priroda23 Apr 1996K> FF#R|4]2"#o&>@\^x24396022Gorizont 3225 May 1996K Block-DM2)hF&F#R4]2"*rG&@Btv24496053Inmarsat 3F26 Sep 1996 at 17:37 UTK Block-DM1Csingle burn for GEO injection IF0F#R4]2"J7&:<pr24596058Express 226 Sep 1996 at 17:51 UTK Block-DM2M9&F*F#Rr4]2 "&68TVn24696064Mars 9616 Nov 1996K Block-D2K0F<F#^4]2 "zz<>tv24797026Telstar 524 May 1997 at 17.00 UTK Block-DM4CG*F> F#F4]2q3x<>np24897028Cosmos 23446 Jun 1997 at 17:57 UTK Block-DM5<F F#[4]2vՅՅՅrՅՅՅՅ&8:V24997030A: Iridium 14B: Iridium 12C: Iridium 10D: Iridium 09E: Iridium 13F: Iridium 16G: Iridium 1118 Jun 1997 at 14:02 UTK Block-DM2C^> F F#R4]2r3x<>pr25097041Cosmos 234514 Aug 1997 at 20:49 UTK Block-DM2164 x 190 km x 53.2%a F F#X4]2"Dh&<>rt25197046Panamsat 528 Aug 1997 at 00:33 UTK Block-DM3C214 x 36018 km x 51.6 FF#4]2xՅ>Յ?ՅՅՅFՅ=Յ&:<X25297051A: Iridium 29B: Iridium 32C: Iridium 33D: Iridium 27E: Iridium 28F: Iridium 30G: Iridium 3114 Sep 1997 at 01:36 UTK Block-DM2C516 x 516 km x 86.6F FF#L4]2ɮ668jl25397070Coupon 112 Nov 1997 at 17:00 UTK Block-DM2 HF@F#X4]F@F$B2")~&8:ln25497076Astra 1G2 Dec 1997 at 23:10 UTK Block-DM3CpFZBF#^Q4]2"k&:<pr25597086Asiasat 324 Dec 1997 at 23:19 UTK Block-DM3CP: second burn of the Block DM3 failed and left the satellite in GTO (240 x 36000 km x 51.6)@FCF#]4]2xՅՅՅՅՅՅՅ&8:V25698021A: Iridium 62B: Iridium 63C: Iridium 64D: Iridium 65E: Iridium 66F: Iridium 67G: Iridium 687 Apr 1998 at 02:13 UTK Block-DM2CIZBFDF#L4]23x<>pr25798025Cosmos 235029 Apr 1998 at 04:40 UTK Block-DM2JCF FF#X4]2"YR^Z&<>pr25898028Echostar 47 May 1998 at 23:45 UTK Block-DM3CS)DF`FF* $R%Notes: All launches from Tyouratam.6 FFFF1 FFGFFRokotB `FFFF5 : " RokotDFFGF* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraFFIF/ ,[ The primary activity of Chelomei's OKB-52 was navy missiles production. In 1959 the firm started producing more important missiles such as the solid propulsion UR-96 ABM and the UR-100 (SS-11 Sego) ICBM with stockable liquid propellant. 1030 copies of this light ICBM (50 tons) of 3rd generation were deployed in the 60ies and 70ies.Origin: Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) of fourth generationAfter designing the RU-200 ICBM and the UR-500 Proton space launcher Chelomei's OKB (now NPO Saliout) developped a new ICBM know as UR-100N or RS-18 (or SS-19 Stilleto) between 1964 and 1975. 360 copies of the 4th generation ICBM were manufactured in the 70ies and 80ies.GFLF0 . Few characteristics on this missile are known apart that it has two stages with storable liquid propellants. It uses four steerable engines (RD-0233/0234) in stage 1 and a single-chamber main engine with a four-chamber steering engine (RD-0235/0236) in stage 2. All these engines are from Kosberg (KB Khimautomatiki). The UR-100N is about 27 meters long and 2.5 meters in diameter, with a gross takeoff mass of 90 tons.The rokot launcherThe launcher is a SS-19 missile to which a Breeze 3rd stage has been added (or Briz?). Breeze weighs 6.4 tons and is 3.4 m long for 2.2 m diameter. Its in-flight refirable motor uses stockable propellant (NTO-UDMH). The launcher can orbit 1 to 2 tons of payload in LEO.oIFNF' Two suborbital tests of Rokot were carried out on 20 Nov 1990 and 20 Dec 1991 before launching its first satellite.It should be marketed by Eurockot Launch Services GmbH (Khrunichev and DASA) in 1997. A launch should cost from 7 to 10 million dollars. The first launches should take place in Plesetsk before being transfered at Svobodny in the Russian far East.<LFNF' *O External resourcesCNF OF' 8http://www.eurockot.com/8NFBOF' " Rokot launchesc OFLF#4]]   $ : XZ #Launch idPayloadLauncBOFLF`FFh dateStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)jBOF`F#$4]]  (W,.`b194085RS 1526 Dec 1994 at 03:00 UTThe spent third stage exploded a few hours after launchR(LFF* $P%Notes: All launches from Plesetsk.6`FF1YăFFHScoutB F*F5 : " Scoute4FF1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs*FF* "_ 0The Scout rocket was designed in 1957 by the NACA Langley center (which becamed the NASA Langley Research Center). It was mass produced from 1959 on by Vought Corp. (to become LTV). Scout was 21 m high, weighed 16 tons and was solid fuel only. It was used as light launcher so as sounding rocket. The first stage was an Algol made by Aerojet of 1.1 m diameter which provided 52 t thrust. Algol was controlled by a jet deflector called jetavator which has been designed for the Polaris program. The second stage was a Thiokol Castor derived from the tactical Sergeant missile and provided 24 t thrust. The two upper stages were built by Alleghany Ballistics (now Hercules). The third stage was a 6.2 t thrust Antares and the fourth stage a 1.4 t Altair.FF- (W`The first launches of Scout in 1960 were ballistic flights. The first orbiting attempt failed in December 1960, but on 16 February 1961 Scout successfuly delivered Explorer 09 in orbit. Since then all its stages have been improved. One USAF specific version was called Blue Scout and a Blue Scout Junior (3-stage, Algol-less) was fired 22 times on ballistic missions.Scouts were fired from 3 locations: Wallops Island, Vandenberg and San Marco. The latter is an italian oil platform at large from Kenya which only fired Scouts. Production of the Scout stopped in 1982 but the last vehicle was fired in 1994. This latter version (Scout G1) was 23 m high and weighed 21.7 tons.<FˆF' * Evolution of ScoutpF2F#  mNxyxy\\k!> X r   ƀ  DesignationFirst launch1st stage2nd stage3rd stage4th stageinc: 90 (1)inc: 38 (1)inc: 2.9 (1)IˆFQF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0Tj~Scout X-11960Algol 1CCastor 1Antares 1Altair 14559I2FpF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0Tj~Scout X-21962Algol 1DCastor 1Antares 2Altair 15976IQFF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0Tj~Scout X-31963Algol 2ACastor 1Antares 2Altair 16887 JpFF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0Tj~Scout X-41964Algol 2BCastor 1Antares 2Altair 280103 JFϏF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0Tj~Scout A-11965Algol 2BCastor 2Antares 2Altair 294122'QFF#| mNxyxyϏFFF\\k(<_ 0VnScout B-11965Algol 2BCastor 2AAntares 2AAltair 3A116143151'QϏF)F#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0VnScout D-11972Algol 3ACastor 2AAntares 2AAltair 3A148185198'QFPF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0VnScout F-11974Algol 3ACastor 2AAntares 2BAltair 3A156193203'Q)FwF#| mNxyxy\\k(<_ 0VnScout G-11974Algol 3ACastor 2AAntares 3AAltair 3A166208220tPFF ڀ% 4"hڜrJjQUJPPUKU˜Yu<щD|ۉ̑QdIxNotes: (1) Payload (kg) in circular 550 km orbit; Launches from Vandenberg (90), Wallops Island (38) and San Marco (2.9)Scout was used both by NASA and USAF. It was used for:- Scientific satellites of America (Explorer program), international organizations (ESRO) and other countries (Ariel, San Marco, FR 1, Eole, Azur, Aeros, Miranda, ANS)- US satellites for military, navigation (Transit, Triad, Nova, etc.) and technology (OV3, MSTI, etc.) purposes8wF#F' " Scout launchesfFF# m\@O   $& <> \ l |~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)O#FF#\m\@O "NPjprz1, ST-1n/aNASA radiation probe02 Sep 1960WX1Ballistic flight%XFF#jm\@O "NPhnpx 2, ST-2n/aUSAF radiation probe4 Oct 1960WX1FailureBallistic flight @FF#hm\@O ">@Z`bj 3, ST-3n/aExplorer S5604 Dec 1960WX1FailureGFF#hm\@O$&`DF`fhp4, ST-461004Explorer 0916 Feb 1961WX1634x2583x38.9 @FF#hm\@O ">@Z`bj 5, ST-5n/aExplorer S5530 Jun 1961WX1FailureKF F#tm\@O$&e`DF`fhp 6, ST-661022Explorer 1325 Aug 1961WX1Partial failureIF-G#jm\@O ".0JPRZ 7, ST-7n/aP 2119 Oct 1961W F-GFX1FailureBallistic flight D F7G#\m\@O "8:RXZd8, ST-8n/aReentry 11 Mar 1962WX1ABallistic flight@-G=G#\m\@O "02LRT\9, ST-9n/aP 21A29 Mar 1962WX2Ballistic flight =7GFG#hzm\@O "8:TZ\d 10, 111n/aSolrad 4B26 Apr 1962VX2Failure:=GLG#htm\@O "02LRT^ 11, 112n/aP35 124 May 1962VX2MFailureJFG\G#\m\@O$&JLflnx12, 11762039P35 2 (FTV 3502)23 Aug 1962VX2M650x858x98.6 >LGfG#h|m\@O "8:TZ\f 13, 114n/aReentry 231 Aug 1962WX3AFailure:\GlG#htm\@O$&h`DF`fhp14, 11562070Explorer 1616 Dec 1962WX3 EfGwG#\m\@O$&BD^dfn15, 11862071Transit 5A-119 Dec 1962VX3698x725x90.6KlG G#\m\@O$&JLflnx16, 12663005P35 3 (FTV 0240)19 Feb 1963VX3M505x791x100.5 @wG G#hm\@O ">@Z`bj 17, 119n/aTransit 5A-205 Apr 1963VX3Failure: G G#htm\@O "02LRT^ 18, 121n/aP35 426 Apr 1963VX2MFailure@ G G#\m\@O "02LRT\19, 116n/aRFD 122 May 1963WX3Ballistic flight E G G#\m\@O$&BD^dfn20, 12063022Transit 5A-316 Jun 1963VX3727x757x90.0 E GG#\m\@O$&@B\bdl21, 11363026GRS (CRL 1)28 Jun 1963WX4411x1311x69.7O GG#jm\@O "8:TZ\f 22, 110n/aReentry 327 Jul 1963WX3MFailureBallistic flight:G@G#htm\@G@GFO "02LRT^ 23, 132n/aP35 527 Sep 1963VX2BFailure;GAG#hvm\@O&(k`FHbhjr24, 122R63053Explorer 1919 Dec 1963VX47@GBG#hnm\@O&(e$t>@Z`bj25, 127R64015Ariel 227 Mar 1964WX3 FAGCG#\m\@O&(DF`fhp26, 125R64026Transit 5C-104 Jun 1964VX4854x956x90.4 ABGEG#hm\@O"$@B\bdl 27, 128Rn/aESRS (CRL 2)25 Jun 1964VX4FailureBCGFG#\m\@O"$46PVX`28, 124Rn/aSERT 120 Jul 1964WX4Ballistic flight GEGGG#\m\@O"$<>X^`j29, 129Rn/aReentry 4A18 Aug 1964WX4ABallistic flight;FG#HG#hvm\@O&(`FHbhjr30, 134R64051Explorer 2025 Aug 1964VX4AGG*IG#\m\@O"$24LRT^31, 130Rn/aRFD 29 Oct 1964WX3CBallistic flight;#HG1JG#hvm\@O&(`FHbhjr32, 123R64064Explorer 2210 Oct 1964VX4;*IG8KG#hvm\@O&(`FHbhjr33, 133R64074Explorer 2306 Nov 1964WX4"O1JGZLG#vm\@O&*(``np34, 135R64076A: Explorer 24B: Explorer 2521 Nov 1964VX4;8KGaMG#hvm\@O&(7FHbhjr35, 137R64084San Marco 115 Dec 1964WX4;ZLGhNG#hvm\@O&(`FHbhjr36, 136R65032Explorer 2729 Apr 1965WX47aMGkOG#hnm\@O&(o^{@B\bdj37, 131R65063Secor 0510 Aug 1965WB;hNG~G#hvm\@O&(`FHkOG~GFbhjr38, 138R65093Explorer 3019 Nov 1965WX44kOG~G#hhm\@O&(QU8:TZ\d39, 139R65101FR 106 Dec 1965VX4 E~GG#\m\@O&(BD^dfl40, 140C65109Transit-O 622 Dec 1965VA909x1086x89.1 E~GG#\m\@O&(BD^dfl41, 142C66005Transit-O 728 Jan 1966VA861x1217x89.7 FGG#\m\@O"$<>V\^h42, 141Cn/aReentry 4B9 Feb 1966WX4ABallistic flight EGG#\m\@O&(BD^dfl43, 143C66024Transit-O 826 Mar 1966VA891x1128x89.75GG#hjm\@O&(0<>X^`f44, 145C66034OV 3-122 Apr 1966VB DGG#\m\@O&(BD^dfl45, 146C66041Transit-O 919 May 1966VA863x980x90.05GG#hjm\@O&(3<>X^`f46, 147C66052OV 3-410 Jun 1966WB5GG#hjm\@O&(2<>X^`f47, 148C66070OV 3-304 Aug 1966VB GGŊG#\m\@O&(DF`fhn48, 149C66076Transit-O 1018 Aug 1966VA1056x1101x88.95GƋG#hjm\@O&(1<>X^`f49, 150C66097OV 3-228 Oct 1966VB9ŊGˌG#hrm\@O"$24NTV\ 50, 151Cn/aOV3-531 Jan 1967VBFailure GƋG؍G#\m\@O&(DF`fhn51, 154C67034Transit-O 1214 Apr 1967VA1053x1083x90.2:ˌGގG#htm\@O&(7FHbhjp52, 153C67038San Marco 226 Apr 1967SB6؍GG#hlm\@O&(f$t>@Z`bh53, 155C67042Ariel 305 May 1967VA GގGG#\m\GGF@O&(DF`fhn54, 156C67048Transit-O 1318 May 1967VA1074x1116x89.3DG G#hm\@O"$HJdjlr 55, 156Cn/aEsro 2A (Iris 1)29 May 1967VBFailure GGG#\m\@O&(DF`fhn56, 157C67092Transit-O 1425 Sep 1967VA1041x1116x89.3A GG#\m\@O"$46PVX^57, 159Cn/aRAM C119 Oct 1967WBBallistic flightIG,G#\m\@O&(LNhnpv58, 158C67120OV 3-6 (Atcos 2)05 Dec 1967VB412x439x90.7 GG9G#\m\@O&(DF`fhn59, 162C68012Transit-O 1802 Mar 1968VA1035x1139x90.0I,GTG#tm\@O&(㴎YBD^dfl 60, 160C68017Solrad 0905 Mar 1968WBPartial failureH9GhG#hm\@O"$<>Z`bl61, 160Cn/aReentry 527 Apr 1968WX5ABallistic flight5TGiG#hjm\@O&(b>@Z`bf62, 164C68041Esro 2B17 may 1968V!NhGG#vm\@O&*(``np63, 165C68066A: Explorer 39B: Explorer 4008 Aug 1968VBAiGG#\m\@O"$46PVX^64, 168Cn/aRAM C222 Aug 1968WBBallistic flight6GG#hlm\@O&(ob>@Z`bh65, 167C68084Esro 1A03 Oct 1968VB6GG#hlm\@O&(pb>@Z`bh66, 172C69083Esro 1B01 Oct 1969VB3GG#hfm\@O&(KU8:TZ\b67, 169C69097Azur08 Nov 1969VB FGG#\m\@O&(DF`fhn68, 176C70067Transit-O 1927 Aug 1970VA954x1221x90.2AGH#\m\@OGHF"$46PVX^69, 171Cn/aRAM C330 Sep 1970WBBallistic flight =GH#jzm\@O&(٧LNhnpv70, 174C70094A: OFOB: RM 109 Nov 1970WB:HH#htm\@O&(`FHbhjp71, 175C70107Explorer 4212 Dec 1970SB:HH#htm\@O&(7FHbhjp72, 173C71036San Marco 324 Apr 1971SB@HH#\m\@O$&24NTV\73, 144CRn/aPAET20 Jun 1971WBBallistic flight8HH#hpm\@O&(2YBD^dfl74, 177C71058Solrad 1008 Jul 1971WB4HH#hhm\@O&(JPPU8:TZ\d75, 180C71071Eole16 Aug 1971WB1?HH#\~m\@O$&02LRTZ76, 166CRn/aGRP20 Sep 1971WBBallistic flight;HH#hvm\@O(*`HJdjlr77, 163CR71096Explorer 4515 Nov 1971SB7H H#hnm\@O&(g$t>@Z`bj78, 183C71109Ariel 411 Dec 1971VB1;H H#hvm\@O&(`FHbhjr79, 184C72061Explorer 4613 Aug 1972WD1I H H#\m\@O&(JLflnv80, 182C72069Triad 1 (TIP 1)02 Sep 1972VB1716x863x90.1< H H#hxm\@O(*`HJdjlt81, 170CR72091Explorer 4815 Nov 1972SD16 HH#hlm\@O&(#1<>X^`h82, 185C72092Esro 422 Nov 1972VD17 HH#hnm\@O&(k>@Z`bj83, 181C72100Aeros 116 Dec 1972VD1 GH@H#\m\@O&(DF`fhp84, 178C73081Transit-O 2030 Oct 1973VAH@HF1907x1136x90.2;H%AH#hvm\@O&(7FHbhjr85, 190C74009San Marco 418 Feb 1974SD17@H(BH#hnm\@O&(Yu<щ>@Z`bj86, 188C74013Miranda09 Mar 1974VD1;%AH/CH#hvm\@O&(`FHbhjr87, 191C74040Explorer 5203 Jun 1974VE17(BH2DH#hnm\@O&(l>@Z`bj88, 186C74055Aeros 216 Jul 1974VD13/CH1EH#hfm\@O&(D68RXZb89, 189C74070ANS30 Aug 1974VD172DH4FH#hnm\@O&(h$t>@Z`bj90, 187C74077Ariel 515 Oct 1974SB1:1EH:GH#htm\@O$&`DF`fhp91, 19475037Explorer 5307 May 1975SF1I4FHIHH#\m\@O&(JLflnv92, 195C75099Triad 2 (TIP 2)12 Oct 1975VD1362x705x90.7P:GHfIH#jm\@O"$^`z 93, 196Cn/aExplorer [56]Explorer [57]05 Dec 1975VF1FailureLIHHxJH#\m\@O(*NPjprz94, 179CR76047Wideband (P76 5)22 May 1976VB1995x1059x99.6IfIHKH#\m\@O"$BD^dfn95, 193Cn/aGravity probe18 Jun 1976WD1Ballistic flightIxJHLH#\m\@O&(JLflnv96, 197C76089Triad 3 (TIP 3)01 Sep 1976VD1475x930x89.9JKHMH#\m\@O&(HJdjlt97, 200C77106Transat (O 11)28 Oct 1977VD11000x1000x89.95LHNH#hjm\@O&(εS:<V\^f98, 201C78041AEM 126 Apr 1978VD15MHOH#hjm\@O&(ϵS:<V\^f99, 202C79013AEM 218 Feb 1979WD18NHH#hpm\@OOHHF(*i$t@B\bdl100, 198C79047Ariel 602 Jun 1979WD16OHH#hlm\@O(*еS<>X^`h101, 203C79094AEM 330 Oct 1979VG17HH#hnm\@O(*w>@Z`bj102, 192C81044Nova 115 May 1981VG1HH˃H#\m\@O(*HJdjlt103, 205C83063Hilat (T83 1)27 Jun 1983VG1770x838x82.07H΄H#hnm\@O(*w>@Z`bj104, 208C84110Nova 212 Oct 1984VG1V˃HH#^m\@O(*`b|105, 209C85066Transit-O 24Transit-O 3003 Aug 1985VG11000x1260x89.8B΄HH#\m\@O(*<>X^`h106, 207C85114ITV 1/213 Dec 1985WG1316x770x37.0OHH#\m\@O(*RTntv~107, 199C86088Polar Bear (P87 1)14 Nov 1986VG11170x1180x90.0VH%H#^m\@O(*`b|108, 204C87080Transit-O 27Transit-O 2916 Sep 1987VG11020x1180x90.0<H-H#hxm\@O(*7HJdjlt109, 209C88026San Marco 525 Mar 1988SG1V%HJH#^m\@O(*`b|110, 211C88033Transit-O 23Transit-O 3225 Apr 1988VG11020x1300x90.07-HMH#hnm\@O(*w>@Z`bj111, 213C88052Nova 316 Jun 1988VG1VJHjH#^m\@O(*`b|112, 214C88074Transit-O 25Transit-O 3125 Aug 1988VG11030x1180x90.0LMH}H#^m\@O(*PRlrt|113, 212C90043Macsat 1Macsat 209 May 1990VG1610x770x90.0@jHH#\m\@O(*8:TZ\d114, 216C91045REX 129 Jun 1991VG1770x870x89.67}HH#hnm\@O(*~稉HHF>@Z`bj115, 215C92038Sampex03 Jul 1992VG17HH#hnm\@O(*x>@Z`bj116, 210C92078MSTI 121 Nov 1992VG17HH#hnm\@O(*8 >@Z`bj117, 217C93041Radcal25 Jun 1993VG17HH#hnm\@O(*x>@Z`bj118, 218C94028MSTI 209 May 1994VG1JHH1 03%Notes: Launch site: C for Cape Canaveral, V for Vandenberg, W for Wallops Island and S for San Marco[Gunter Krebs adds:]Although mostly neglected and not part of the "official" launch history, the Blue-Scout-1 and Blue Scout-2 versions. The main difference was, that the Blue-Scouts had an different aft section of the first stage as they stood on the launch pad (the "normal" Scout was suspended on a launch tower). The Blue-Scout-1 was a 3 stage version of the Scout-X1, the Blue Scout-2 was mostly identical to the Scout-X1.-HH'  The Blue-Scout-2 made one ill-fated attempt to launch a satellite from Cape Canaveral:01.11.1961 Mercury-MS 1The Mercury-MS 1 payload was a small communication satellite to simmulate the telemetry from a manned Mercury capsule. No replacement was launched.MH_H1Pׁ_HHLSemiorka and derived from R7Y$HH5 :J " Semiorka and derived from R7D_HH* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraX1HTH' bO Origin: ICBM of first generation (R7 Semiorka)P)HH' SIn Feb 1953 the Soviet government decided to built a intercontinental rocket. The project management was affected to S.P. Korolev's OKB while V.P. Gouchko's one was in charge of the motors.Originaly the program planned to send a 3 ton payload at 8000 km. It transformed in late 1953 when the thermonuclear warheadwas found to weigh 6 tons. The modified project was accepted in August 1954 under the name R7 (or Semiorka).The R7 was a rocket made of a central body with 4 lateral boosters as the first stage. The conical boosters, were 19.8 m high and 2.68 m diameter (base). The main body, known as Block A, was 28.75 m high and a maximum diameter of 2.95 m at the upper fixation point of the boosters. The missile was known in the US as SS-6 Sapwood; it weighed 267 tons at takeoff and was 30.5 m high.sTH>H' The first tests of the motors (static bench) took place in Sep 1956. The motors had 4 chambers consuming the couple oxygen-kerosen. The RD-107 was active during 320 seconds and provided 976 kN thrust in vacuum (Isp = 305 s). It featured two verniers. The RD-108 active 120 seconds developped 912 kN in vacuum (Isp = 308 s) and featured 4 verniers.Missiles tests started on 15 May 1957 from Tyuratam (near Bakonour), specially created for the R7. After 3 failures the first successful flight took place on 21 August the same year. A second success on 7 September set on the green light to try and achieve a satellisation.M&HH' LO Usage of Semiorka without top stage>HI: Bw~~~The first artifical satellite Sputnik 1 was launched on 4 Oct. 1957 from Tyuratam. Only the top stage of the R7 rocket was modified to create the rocket named 8K71 in USSR and A / SL1 in the US.This launcher was further used for 2 satellites. On 3 Nov 1957 it put the 508 kg Sputnik 2 into orbit and its LakHIHa passenger. On 15 May 1958 after a failure in April Sputnik 3 (1327 kg) was also put onto orbit.The Semiorka configuration was such that it was a military device difficult to use. On the contrary it was a great base for a space launcher and therefore it is still used 40 years after its first launch. The constructor of this rocket is now KB Photon, a division of TsSKB Samara.HtI% The RD-107 and RD-108 motors, now built by NPO Energomash, have been enhanced. Their performance is now 1000 kN in vacuum (Isp = 314 s) for the former and 941 kN (Isp = 315 s) for the latter.V/II' ^ Usage of Semiorka with a Block E third stageetIUI& The project of Lunar probe launches required a third stage for the R7. This Block E top stage was ordered from the S.A. Kosberg KB (now KB Khimautomatiki) in Feb 1958. It was to be the first liquid stage fired up in vacuum. Its RO-7 motor (or RD-0105) using liquid onxygen and kerosen developped 49 kN thrust (Isp 316 s). It was 2.58 m diameter, 2.98 m long and weighed 8.1 tons, including 7 tons propellant. After several failures since August 1958 the first sucessful launch of the 3-stage R7 occured to send Luna 1 to the moon on 2 Jan 1959. The probe flowby 6400 km from the objective before acquiring a solar orbit. A second failure in August occured before the first moon impact with Luna 2, launched on 12 Sep 1959. Then Luna 3 launched on 4 October took the first pictures of moon's hidden side. Two failures ended the 8K72 carrier, also known as A1 / SL2.SII- (~The Block E will be enhanced in 1960 for a piloted launch. A new RD(448 (or RD-0109) developped 54.5 kN thrust (Isp = 324 s).The first Korabl spacecraft (Sputnik 4) was launched on 15 May 1960. It was the first of 7 tentatives including 5 successful launches which preceded the 6 Vostok flights. The Vostok rocket alias 8A92 or A1 / SL3 in the West will also be used to launch automatic satellites. In this configuration it is 38.4 m high and weighs 287 tons. It was 38.4 m high, 287 tons, and could orbit 4.7 tons in LEO or 1.1 tons in 900 km sunsynchronous orbit. This rocket launched:UI I0 .1  - reconnaissance satellites of first generation (Cosmos Zenith) until 1967- meteorological (Cosmos, Meteor) and observation (Cosmos, IRS) satellites until 1991Note: it seems that the Poliot satellites (1963-1964) built by OKB Chelomei were launched by a modified Vostok named SL5. The SL10 launched used to launch Cosmos 101 and Cosmos 125 (1965-1966) would also have been launched by a modified R7.V/I I' ^ Usage of Semiorka with a Block I third stage I I$ The 4-stage version of Semiorka was designed in 1959-1960 for interplanetary missions. The Block I third stage was built by KB S.A. Kosberg. It was 2.66 m diameter and 8.1 m long. It weighed 24 tons including 21 tons propellant. It's 4-chamber motor block RO-9 (or RD-0107) used liquid oxygen and Kerosen. It provided 298 kN (Isp = 324 s). The fourth stage, Block L, was built by OKB S.P. Korovev. It was aimed by a CI-5400 integrated flux motor developping 67 kN (Isp = 340 s) with the same propellant. I#I' The two first tentatives to Mars failed in October 1960. In Februry 1961 the first probe to Venus stayed in transfert orbit because of a Block L failure. The second launched on 12 Feb was correctly placed on solar orbit and became Venus 1. in 1962 the 3 launches towards Venus failed and only 1 launch to Mars in Oct.-Nov. succeeded on 1 Nov.After such a difficult start the 8K78 (A2e / SL6) became more reliable and launched several types of space probes (Luna, Zond, Venus and Mars).Z IAI- (jQvA version without fourth stage designed to launch manned vehicles was named 11A57 (or A2 / SL4). It was first tested in Nov 1963 with Cosmos 22, and then was used for the Vos#IAIHkhod program and to launch second generation Zenith reconnaissance satellites.In Feb 1964 the 4-stage launcher was improved by replacing the 3rd stage motor by a RD-461 (or RD-0110) giving birth to the 8K78M rocket better known an Molniya. This launcher is 42 m high and weighs 306 tons. It can orbit 1.6 tons on an elliptic 12 hours path used by the Molniya telecommunication satellites. This launcher is also used for:#ICI= H  l? - space probes to the moon (1.6 tons), Venus (1.2 tons) or Mars (0.95 tons)- scientific satellites Prognoz (0.9 tons) on very eccentric orbits- early warning satellites Oko (Cosmos series) on 12 hour Molniya-type orbitsThe 3-stage version Soyuz alias 11A511 appeared in Nov 1966 for the launch of Cosmos 133, then the version Soyuz M (11A511M) in Dec 1971 for Cosmos 470. The last version Soyuz U (11A511U) was launched for the first time in Mai 1973 with Cosmos 559. cAI]FI% For the manned flight a Soyuz U2 version exist; it is more powerful. It's central motor (RD-118) uses cycline instead of kerosen as propellant. The thrust of each booster is 1030 kN (ground level) and 1250 kN in vacuum (Soyuz U: 1015 kN and 1240 kN respectively). The thrust of the central motor is 1010 kN (980 kN for Soyuz U). But the manned launches will from now on be made with kerosen, because the cycline plant in Oufa (Bachkirie) was closed of budget problems. NPO Energomach which produces the motors plan to compensate the performance with new injectors which enhance the combustion fo propellant.CI`HIM hm  YGܝ Soyuz is in fact the most launched vehicle in the world (over 700 times). It measures 45 to 50 m depending on the versions, weighs 310 tons and can orbit ~7 tons in LEO. In addition to the Soyuz spacecrafts which gave them its name, the rocket was used for:- several types of reconnaissance satellites (Zenith, Kometa, Yantar, etc.)- their civilian counterparts (Bion, Resurs F, Foton, etc.)- the Progress supply shipsm=]FIHI0 0zJC KA2e / SL6 (Molniya) launchesA2 / SL4 (Soyuz) launchesI"`HIII' D Commercial version: Soyouz-IkarsHIKI& The maximum capacity of the Soyuz U is only attained for launches of retrievable probes in LEO (200 km 51.8) when the cap is jettisoned early. This performance falls to 6.2 tons at 200 km when the cap is released later, as for the more fragile commercial payloads; and 5 tons at 300 km. The Molniya M can place 1.75 tons on a 500/40000 km orbit, 62.8 inclination, or 1.5 tons in sunsynchronous orbit at 800 km altitude.The Russian-French firm Starsem set up by Aerospatiale (35%), Arianespace (15%), RKA (25%) and Samara center (25%) was created in August 1996 to sell Semiorka vehicles (Soyuz, Molniya and derivatives).IIMI+ $}x≂The new version is tailored for satellite constellation launches. It has an Ika stage under the cap like Molniya's Block L. This stage equipped with re-ignitable motors has already flown over 30 times with maneuverable observation satellites. The Soyuz-Ikar will be able to deliver 2.5 tons payload in 1400 km 51.8 orbits or 2.35 tons in polar orbit at the same altitude. The first use of the vehicle should be for 4 Globalstar satellites.7KIMI'  O Soyuz 2 (Rus)MIՁIV zIqiGܝYjQv3xA_Y뉂A enhanced Semiorka named Rus should be available in 1999. It will be used to launch the Cosmos, Foton, Bion and Resurs F satellites with a 3-stage version and Molniya, Meteor, Tselina and Resurs O satellites with a 4-stage version.This new launcher, 51.2 m high, will have the same 3 stages of Soyuz with an improved propulsion and guidance systems. The RD-0101 motor of the 3rd stage will be replaced by a RD-0124 with integrated flux of same thrust, butMIՁIH with a 359 s Isp and a burn duration extended at 300 s. Moreover deployable nozzle will suppress the need for the 4 vernier motors. The top stage (in 4-stage version) will be the Fregat of NPO Lavotchkine. It weighs 6.5 tons including 5.3 tons of stockable propellant (NTO-UDMH). It will be equipped with a S5-92 motor from KB KhimMach of 20 kN which can be re-ignited up to 20 times. This rocket will have 900 kg more performance than the current Soyuz.;MII' ( Launch statisticsYeՁIiI# P]l]]]lkO4(LKh(JCA / SL1A1 / SL2A1 / SL3A2 / SL4A1 / SL5A2e / SL6A1 / SL10TotalI:I#@2 P]l]]]lkO $(,195722iI I#@2 P]l]]]lkO $(,195811:I܅I#@2 P]l]]]lkO $(,195933 II#@2 P]l]]]lkO $(,196033܅II#@4 P]l]]]lkO $*.1961426IRI#@6 P]l]]]lkO $*.19627613I'I#@: P]l]]]lkO"(.21963811313RII#@< P]l]]]lkO$*0419641251422'IԊI#@> P]l]]]lkO$(06196591211133II#@> P]l]]]lkO&*06196611148134ԊII#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21967821736IUI#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21968234541I*I#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21969237443UII#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21970531743*IԏI#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21971433340II#@< P]l]]ԏIIH]lkO$(0419725311147ԏII#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419733401053IaI#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21974636749I7I#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419756401258aI I#@< P]l]]]lkO$(04197653811547II#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419777371054 II#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21978545959II#@: P]l]]]lkO$(.21979845760IcI#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419806451263I9I#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419816411461cII#@< P]l]]]lkO$(04198254311599II#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419834421157II#@: P]l]]]lkO"&.21984441155II#@< P]l]]]lkO$(0419851401657IeI#@: P]l]]]lkO"&.21986361450I9I#@8 P]l]]]lkO"&,0198743447eII#@< P]l]]]lkO$(04198824211559II#@8 P]l]]]lkO"&,0198938644II#@: P]l]]]lkO"&.21990301242IJ#@: P]l]]]lkOIJH$(.21991124530ImJ#@8 P]l]]]lkO"&,0199224832JAJ#@8 P]l]]]lkO"&,0199317825mJJ#@8 P]l]]]lkO"&,0199415318&AJ;J# :JuJ' & A / SL1 launchesOt;JJ#4]2   $& <> ^ lz| #Launch idPayloadLaunch date SiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)KuJJ#h4]2 ~68RXZj157001Sputnik 0104 Oct 1957T8K71PS228 x 204 km x 65.1KJJ#h4]2 ~68RXZj257002Sputnik 0203 Nov 1957T8K71PS225 x 204 km x 65.19JJ#hr4]2 ,.HNP\$3n/a(Sputnik)24 Apr 1958T8K91FailureJJ J#h4]2 ~68RXZf458004Sputnik 0315 May 1958T8K91226 x 1881 km x 65.2&J3 J# ; Jn J' ( Ae / SL5 launchesOt3 J J#4]2   $& <> ^ lz| #Launch idPayloadLaunch date SiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)In J J#\4]2 24NTVd163043Poliot-1 01 Nov 1963T11A59343 x 1437 km x 58.9H J J#\4]2 24NTVd264019Poliot-2 12 Apr 1964T11A59310 x 500 km x 58.6& J J# = J= J' , A1m / SL10 launchesOt JJ#4]2   $& <> ^ lz| #Launch idPayloadLaunch date SiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)I= JJ#\4]2 24NTVf165111Cosmos-10228 Dec 1965T11A510218 x 278 km x 65.0IJ@J#\4]2 J@JH24NTVf266067Cosmos-12520 Jul 1966T11A510250 x 250 km x 65.0&J@J# A@JAJ' 4 A1 / SL2 & SL3 launchesOt@JlBJ#4]2   $& <> ^ lz| #Launch idPayloadLaunch date SiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)6AJnCJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Luna) 23 Sep 1958T8K72Failure6lBJpDJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Luna) 12 Oct 1958T8K72Failure6nCJrEJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Luna) 04 Dec 1958T8K72Failure3pDJkFJ#\f4]202LRTX59012Luna-1 02 Jan 1959Torbit6rEJmGJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Luna) 18 Jul 1959T8K72Failure4kFJgHJ#\h4]202LRTX59014Luna-2 12 Sep 1959Timpact7mGJdIJ#\n4]202LRT`59008Luna-3 04 Oct 1959T8K72probe6gHJfJJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Luna) 15 Apr 1960T8K72Failure6dIJhKJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Luna) 16 Apr 1960T8K72FailureHfJJvLJ#\4]246PVXd60005Korabl-1 S-415 May 1960T8K72307 x 690 km x 65.06hKJxMJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Korabl) 23 Jul 1960T8K72FailureHvLJNJ#\4]246PVXd60011Korabl-2 S-519 Aug 1960T8K72306 x 339 km x 65.0IxMJOJ#\4]246PVXf60017Korabl-3 S-601 Dec 1960T8K72K180 x 249 km x 65.07NJJ#hn4]2 OJJH&(BHJX$(Korabl) 22 Dec 1960T8K72KFailureIOJJ#\4]246PVXf61008Korabl-4 S-909 Mar 1961T8K72K184 x 249 km x 64.9JJÂJ#\4]268RXZh61009Korabl-5 S-1025 Mar 1961T8K72K178 x 247 km x 64.9 GJЃJ#\4]202LRTb61012Vostok-1 12 Apr 1961T8K72K181 x 327 km x 65.0 GÂJ݄J#\4]202LRTb61019Vostok-2 06 Aug 1961T8K72K183 x 244 km x 64.97ЃJJ#hn4]2 &(BHJX$(Cosmos) 11 Dec 1961T8K72KFailure G݄JJ#\4]202LRTb62014Cosmos-4 26 Apr 1962T8K72K298 x 330 km x 65.06JJ#hl4]2 &(BHJV$(Cosmos) 01 Jun 1962T8A92FailureIJJ#\4]202LRTf62033Cosmos-7 28 Jul 1962T8A92 NK#\4]202LRTX67039Cosmos-15627 Apr 1967P630 x 630 km x 81.2B6MKFOK#\4]202LRTX67044Cosmos-15712 May 1967T202 x 296 km x 51.3B>NKZK#\4]202LRTFOKZKHX67102Cosmos-18425 Oct 1967P635 x 635 km x 81.2BFOKbK#\4]202LRTX68019Cosmos-20614 Mar 1968P630 x 630 km x 81.0BZKjK#\4]202LRTX68049Cosmos-22612 Jun 1968P603 x 650 km x 81.2EbK{K#h4]2>k68RXZ^69029Meteor 1-0126 Mar 1969P644 x 713 km x 81.2EjKK#h4]2>k68RXZ^69084Meteor 1-0206 Oct 1969P630 x 690 km x 81.2B{KK#\4]202LRTX70019Meteor-1#317 Mar 1970P537 x 632 km x 81.1BKK#\4]202LRTX70037Meteor-1#428 Apr 1970P624 x 710 km x 81.2BKK#\4]202LRTX70047Meteor-1#523 Jun 1970P830 x 888 km x 81.2BKK#\4]202LRTX70085Meteor-1#615 Oct 1970P626 x 648 km x 81.2BKK#\4]202LRTX70113Cosmos-38918 Dec 1970P642 x 687 km x 81.2BKK#\4]202LRTX71003Meteor-1#720 Jan 1971P629 x 656 km x 81.2 CKŋK#\4]202LRTZ71028Cosmos-40507 Apr 1971P?676 x 705 km x 81.3BK͌K#\4]202LRTX71031Meteor-1#817 Apr 1971P610 x 632 km x 81.2BŋKՍK#\4]202LRTX71059Meteor-1#916 Jul 1971P618 x 650 km x 81.2 C͌KގK#\4]224NTVZ71120Meteor-1#1029 Dec 1971P880 x 905 km x 81.2BՍK K#\4]202LRTX72011Cosmos-47601 Mar 1972P618 x 651 km x 81.2ގK KH CގKK#\4]224NTVZ72022Meteor-1#1130 Mar 1972P878 x 903 km x 81.2 C KK#\4]224NTVZ72049Meteor-1#1230 Jun 1972P897 x 929 km x 81.2 CK'K#\4]224NTVZ72085Meteor-1#1316 Oct 1972P893 x 904 km x 81.2BK/K#\4]202LRTX72106Cosmos-54228 Dec 1972P554 x 653 km x 81.2 C'K8K#\4]224NTVZ73015Meteor-1#1420 Mar 1973P882 x 903 km x 81.2 C/KAK#\4]224NTVZ73034Meteor-1#1529 May 1973P867 x 909 km x 81.2H8KOK#\4]2<>X^`d73079Cosmos-604 (603)27 Oct 1973P624 x 647 km x 81.2 CAKXK#\4]224NTVZ74011Meteor-1#1605 Mar 1974P853 x 906 km x 81.2 COKaK#\4]224NTVZ74025Meteor-1#1724 Apr 1974P877 x 907 km x 81.2 CXKjK#\4]224NTVZ74052Meteor-1#1810 Jul 1974P877 x 905 km x 81.2BaKrK#\4]202LRTX74066Cosmos-67316 Aug 1974P608 x 634 km x 81.2 CjK{K#\4]224NTVZ74083Meteor-1#1929 Oct 1974P855 x 917 km x 81.2 CrKK#\4]224NTVZ74099Meteor-1#2017 Dec 1974P861 x 910 km x 81.2 C{KK#\4]224NTVZ75023Meteor-1#2101 Apr 1975P877 x 906 km x 81.2BKK#\4]202LRTX75056Cosmos-74420 Jun 1975P612 x 650 km x 81.2EKL#h4]2KLHDu k68RXZ^75064Meteor 2-0108 Jul 1975P872 x 903 km x 81.3BKL#\4]202LRTX75076Cosmos-75622 Aug 1975P627 x 649 km x 81.2 CLL#\4]224NTVZ75087Meteor-1#2218 Sep 1975P867 x 918 km x 81.2 CLL#\4]224NTVZ75124Meteor-1#2325 Dec 1975P857 x 913 km x 81.3BLL#\4]202LRTX76024Cosmos-80816 Mar 1976P618 x 647 km x 81.3 CLL#\4]224NTVZ76032Meteor-1#2407 Apr 1976P863 x 906 km x 81.2 CLL#\4]224NTVZ76043Meteor-1#2515 May 1976P866 x 908 km x 81.2BLL#\4]202LRTX76085Cosmos-85127 Aug 1976P592 x 649 km x 81.0 CLL#\4]224NTVZ76102Meteor-1#2616 Oct 1976P871 x 904 km x 81.3BL L#\4]202LRTX77002Meteor-2#207 Jan 1977P893 x 932 km x 81.3BL L#\4]202LRTX77015Cosmos-89527 Feb 1977P613 x 648 km x 81.2 C L L#\4]224NTVZ77024Meteor-1#2705 Apr 1977P869 x 909 km x 81.2 C L L#\4]224NTVZ77057Meteor-1#2829 Jun 1977T602 x 685 km x 98.0B L!L#\4]202LRTX77061Cosmos-92507 Jul 1977P622 x 645 km x 81.2B L)L#\4]202LRTX77091Cosmos-95520 Sep 1977P631 x 664 km x 81.2B!L=@L#\4]202LRTX77117Meteo)L=@LHr-2#314 Dec 1977P872 x 906 km x 81.2B)LEAL#\4]202LRTX78004Cosmos-97510 Jan 1978P637 x 680 km x 81.2 C=@LNBL#\4]224NTVZ78045Cosmos-100512 May 1978P626 x 672 km x 81.2 CEALWCL#\4]224NTVZ78094Cosmos-104310 Oct 1978P625 x 650 km x 81.1 CNBL`DL#\4]224NTVZ78117Cosmos-106319 Dec 1978P632 x 661 km x 81.2 CWCLiEL#\4]224NTVZ78121Cosmos-106623 Dec 1978P848 x 908 km x 81.2 C`DLrFL#\4]224NTVZ79005Meteor-1#2925 Jan 1979T628 x 656 km x 98.0 CiEL{GL#\4]224NTVZ79012Cosmos-107714 Feb 1979P629 x 651 km x 81.2BrFLHL#\4]202LRTX79021Meteor-2#401 Mar 1979P857 x 908 km x 81.2 C{GLIL#\4]224NTVZ79032Cosmos-109313 Apr 1979P625 x 650 km x 81.3 CHLJL#\4]224NTVZ79067Cosmos-111620 Jul 1979P608 x 649 km x 81.2 CILKL#\4]224NTVZ79093Cosmos-114320 Oct 1979P625 x 665 km x 81.2BJLLL#\4]202LRTX79095Meteor-2#531 Oct 1979P877 x 904 km x 81.2 CKLML#\4]224NTVZ79099Cosmos-114527 Nov 1979P629 x 622 km x 81.2 CLLNL#\4]224NTVZ80008Cosmos-115430 Jan 1980P634 x 671 km x 81.3 CMLOL#\4]224NTVZ80044Cosmos-118404 Jun 1980P621 x 662 km x 81.2 CNLրL#\4]2OLրLH24NTVZ80051Meteor-1#3018 Jun 1980T589 x 678 km x 98.0 COL߁L#\4]224NTVZ80069Cosmos-120615 Aug 1980P630 x 659 km x 81.3BրLL#\4]202LRTX80073Meteor-2#609 Sep 1980P868 x 906 km x 81.2 C߁LL#\4]224NTVZ80093Cosmos-122221 Nov 1980P624 x 659 km x 81.2 CLL#\4]224NTVZ81008Cosmos-124228 Jan 1981P635 x 684 km x 81.2BLL#\4]202LRTX81043Meteor-2#714 May 1981P868 x 904 km x 81.3 CL L#\4]224NTVZ81046Cosmos-127119 May 1981P628 x 670 km x 81.2 FLL#\4]28:TZ\`81065Meteor Priroda10 Jul 1981T611 x 689 km x 97.9H L*L#h4]2bԉ<>X^`d81075Intercosmos 2207 Aug 1981P825 x 906 km x 81.2 CL3L#\4]224NTVZ81103Cosmos-131514 Oct 1981P628 x 685 km x 81.2 C*LX^`2665030Molniya 1-0123 Apr 1965T548 x 39957 km x 65.04AMCM#:h4]2 46PVX2765036Luna-5 09 May 1965Timpact3BMDM#:f4]2 46PVX2865044Luna-6 08 Jun 1965Tflyby3CMzEM#:f4]2 46PVX2965056Zond-3 18 Jul 1965TProbe4DMcFM#:h4]2 46PVX3065077Luna-7 04 Oct 1965TimpactEzEM]GM#:4]2 68RXZ3165080Molniya-1#214 Oct 1965T500 x 40000 km x 65.03cFMEHM#:f4]2 46PVX3265091Venus-2 12 Nov 1965TProbe2]GM,IM#:d4]2 46PVX3365092Venus-3 16 Nov 1965TfallAEHM"JM#:4]2 24NTV3465094Cosmos-9623 Nov 1965T227 x 310 km x 51.92,IMKM#Fd4]2 *,FLN$35(Venus) 26 Nov 1965TFailure4"JMKM#:h4]2 46PVX3665099Luna-8 03 Dec 1965Timpact5KMLM#:j4]2 46PVX3766006Luna-9 31 Jan 1966TlandingBKMMM#:4]2 46PVX3866017Cosmos-11101 Mar 1966T191 x 226 km x 51.8,LMNM#:X4]2 "$>BDMolniya?27 Mar 1966failure?3MMOM#:f4]2 46PVX3966027Luna-10 31 Mar 1966TorbitENMM#:4]2 OMML68RXZ4066035Molniya-1#325 Apr 1966T499 x 39500 km x 64.52OMM#Fd4]2 *,FLN$41(Luna) 30 Apr 1966TFailure3M}M#:f4]2 46PVX4266078Luna-11 24 Aug 1966TorbitEMwM#:4]2 68RXZ4366092Molniya-1#420 Oct 1966T485 x 39700 km x 64.93}M_M#:f4]2 46PVX4466094Luna-12 22 Oct 1966Torbit5wMIM#:j4]2 46PVX4566116Luna-13 21 Dec 1966TlandingD_MBM#:4]2 46PVX4667046Cosmos-15916 May 1967T380 x 60600 km x 51.8EIMX^`7171100Molniya 2-0124 Nov 1971P460 x 39350 km x 65.4FMM#:4]2 8:TZ\7271115Molniya-1#1919 Dec 1971P490 x 39200 km x 65.53MN#:f4]2 MNL46PVX7372021Venus-8 27 Mar 1972TProbeCMN#:4]2 46PVX7472023Cosmos-48231 Mar 1972T210 x 9812 km x 52.0HNN#:4]2 :<V^`7572025Molniya-1#20 04 Apr 1972T?480 x 39360 km x 65.6HNN#F4]2 |s8:TZ\7672029Prognoz 0114 Apr 1972T1005 x 199667 km x 65.0ENN#:4]2 68RXZ7772037Molniya-2#219 May 1972P460 x 39300 km x 65.5GNN#F4]2 }s8:TZ\7872046Prognoz 0229 Jun 1972T500 x 200000 km x 65.0DNN#:4]2 46PVX7972072Cosmos-52019 Sep 1972P652 x 39319 km x 62.8EN{N#:4]2 68RXZ8072075Molniya-2#330 Sep 1972P480 x 39200 km x 65.3FNvN#:4]2 8:TZ\8172081Molniya-1#2114 Oct 1972P480 x 39300 km x 65.3F{Nq N#:4]2 8:TZ\8272095Molniya-1#2202 Dec 1972P500 x 39100 km x 65.0EvNk N#:4]2 68RXZ8372098Molniya-2#412 Dec 1972P470 x 39300 km x 65.3Fq Nf N#:4]2 8:TZ\8473007Molniya-1#2303 Feb 1973P470 x 39200 km x 65.0Gk Nh N#F4]2 ~s8:TZ\8573009Prognoz 0315 Feb 1973T590 x 200000 km x 65.0Ef Nb N#:4]2 68RXZ8673018Molniya-2#505 Apr 1973P500 x 39100 km x 65.5Eh N\N#:4]2 68RXZ8773045Molniya-2#611 Jul 1973P980 x 39280 km x 65.3Fb NWN#:4]2 8:TZ\8873061Molniya-1#2430 Aug 1973P480 x 37970 km x 65.3E\N]@N#:4]2 68RXWN]@NLZ8973076Molniya-2#719 Oct 1973P630 x 40600 km x 62.8DWNVAN#:4]2 46PVX9073084Cosmos-60602 Nov 1973P710 x 39360 km x 62.8F]@NQBN#:4]2 8:TZ\9173089Molniya-1#2514 Nov 1973P480 x 39140 km x 65.0FVANLCN#:4]2 8:TZ\9273097Molniya-1#2630 Nov 1973P460 x 40900 km x 62.7EQBNFDN#:4]2 68RXZ9373106Molniya-2#825 Dec 1973P466 x 40865 km x 62.8FLCNAEN#:4]2 8:TZ\9474023Molniya-1#2720 Apr 1974P646 x 40170 km x 62.9EFDN;FN#:4]2 68RXZ9574026Molniya-2#926 Apr 1974P463 x 40850 km x 62.9DAEN4GN#:4]2 46PVX9674050Cosmos-66529 Jun 1974P633 x 39385 km x 62.9F;FN/HN#:4]2 8:TZ\9774056Molniya-2#1023 Jul 1974P460 x 40900 km x 62.8F4GN*IN#:4]2 8:TZ\9874081Molniya-1#2824 Oct 1974P683 x 40167 km x 62.8H/HN-JN#F4]2 |Y<>X^`9974092Molniya 3-0121 Nov 1974P650 x 40690 km x 62.8G*IN)KN#:4]2:<V\^10074102Molniya-2#1122 Dec 1974P641 x 40675 km x 62.9E-JN#LN#:4]268RXZ10175007Cosmos-70630 Jan 1975P635 x 39810 km x 62.8G)KNMN#:4]2:<V\^10275009Molniya-2#1206 Feb 1975P640 x 40685 km x 62.8F#LNNN#:4]28:TZ\10375029Molniya-3#214 Apr 1975P636 x 40660 km x 63.0GMNON#:4]2:<V\^10475036Molniya-1#2929 Apr 1975P468 x 40848 km x 63.0INN N#:4]2>@Z`b10575049Molniya-1#30 +05 Jun 1975P450 ON NLx 40536 km x 63.0GONN#:4]2:<V\^10675063Molniya-2#1308 Jul 1975P465 x 40864 km x 62.8G NN#:4]2:<V\^10775079Molniya-1#3103 Sep 1975P639 x 40618 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^10875081Molniya-2#1409 Sep 1975P470 x 40836 km x 62.8FNN#:4]28:TZ\10975105Molniya-3#314 Nov 1975P470 x 40830 km x 62.4GN N#:4]2:<V\^11075121Molniya-2#1517 Dec 1975P451 x 40836 km x 62.8HNN#F4]2s:<V\^11175122Prognoz 0422 Dec 1975T634 x 199000 km x 65.0F N N#:4]28:TZ\11275125Molniya-3#427 Dec 1975P470 x 40800 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^11376006Molniya-1#3222 Jan 1976P491 x 38934 km x 62.5G NN#:4]2:<V\^11476021Molniya-1#3311 Mar 1976P518 x 40683 km x 62.5GNN#:4]2:<V\^11576026Molniya-1#3418 Mar 1976P494 x 38984 km x 63.0INN#:4]2>@Z`b11676041Molniya-3#2(5)12 May 1976P652 x 40660 km x 62.8CNN#:4]268RXZ11776062Cosmos-83701 Jul 1976P505 x 860 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^11876074Molniya-1#3523 Jul 1976P499 x 39059 km x 62.9CNN#:4]268RXZ11976088Cosmos-85301 Sep 1976P243 x 498 km x 62.8ENN#:4]268RXZ12076105Cosmos-86222 Oct 1976P620 x 39300 km x 62.5HN N#F4]2s:<V\^12176112Prognoz 0525 Nov 1976T510 x 190000 km x 65.0N NLGNN#:4]2:<V\^12276116Molniya-2#1602 Dec 1976P657 x 40608 km x 62.8F NN#:4]28:TZ\12376127Molniya-3#628 Dec 1976P640 x 40630 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^12477010Molniya-2#1711 Feb 1977P493 x 40757 km x 62.5GNN#:4]2:<V\^12577021Molniya-1#3624 Mar 1977P484 x 40816 km x 62.8ENN#:4]268RXZ12677027Cosmos-90311 Apr 1977P630 x 40170 km x 62.8FNN#:4]28:TZ\12777032Molniya-3#728 Apr 1977P467 x 40807 km x 62.8ENN#:4]268RXZ12877047Cosmos-91716 Jun 1977P625 x 40150 km x 62.9GNN#:4]2:<V\^12977054Molniya-1#3724 Jun 1977P480 x 39016 km x 62.9ENN#:4]268RXZ13077068Cosmos-93120 Jul 1977P600 x 40180 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^13177082Molniya-1#3830 Aug 1977P449 x 40843 km x 62.8HNN#F4]2s:<V\^13277093Prognoz 0622 Sep 1977T498 x 198000 km x 65.0FNN#:4]28:TZ\13377105Molniya-3#828 Oct 1977P478 x 40764 km x 62.8FNN#:4]28:TZ\13478009Molniya-3#924 Jan 1978P661 x 40631 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^13578024Molniya-1#3903 Mar 1978P632 x 40733 km x 62.8GNN#:4]2:<V\^13678055Molniya-1#4002 Jun 1978P457 x 40837 km x 62.5FNN#:4]28:TZ\13778066Cosmos-102428 Jun 1978P630 x 40000 km x 62.8GNO#:4]2NOL:<V\^13878072Molniya-1#4114 Jul 1978P650 x 40660 km x 62.8GNO#:4]2:<V\^13978080Molniya-1#4222 Aug 1978P442 x 40793 km x 62.8FOO#:4]28:TZ\14078083Cosmos-103006 Sep 1978P650 x 40100 km x 62.8GOO#:4]2:<V\^14178095Molniya-3#1013 Oct 1978P467 x 40825 km x 62.8HOO#F4]2s:<V\^14278101Prognoz 0730 Oct 1978T483 x 202965 km x 65.0JOO#:4]2@B\bd14379004Molniya-3#7(11)18 Jan 1979P474 x 40806 km x 62.8GOO#:4]2:<V\^14479031Molniya-1#4312 Apr 1979P656 x 40590 km x 62.9GOO#:4]2:<V\^14579048Molniya-3#1206 Jun 1979P473 x 40769 km x 62.5FOO#:4]28:TZ\14679058Cosmos-110927 Jun 1979P626 x 40130 km x 62.8GO O#:4]2:<V\^14779070Molniya-1#4431 Jul 1979P470 x 40860 km x 62.8FO O#:4]28:TZ\14879077Cosmos-112428 Aug 1979P620 x 40070 km x 62.8G O O#:4]2:<V\^14979091Molniya-1#4520 Oct 1979P640 x 40640 km x 62.8G O O#:4]2:<V\^15080002Molniya-1#4611 Jan 1980P478 x 40830 km x 62.8D O O#:4]28:TZ\15180013Cosmos-116412 Feb 1980P220 x 640 km x 62.8F OO#:4]28:TZ\15280028Cosmos-117212 Apr 1980P637 x 40160 km x 62.8D OO#:4]28:TZ\15380031Cosmos-117518 Apr 1980P317 x 485 km x 62.5FO@O#:4]2O@OL8:TZ\15480050Cosmos-118814 Jun 1980P628 x 40165 km x 62.8GOAO#:4]2:<V\^15580053Molniya-1#4721 Jun 1980P658 x 40707 km x 62.5F@OBO#:4]28:TZ\15680057Cosmos-119102 Jul 1980P646 x 40165 km x 62.8GAOCO#:4]2:<V\^15780063Molniya-3#1318 Jul 1980P467 x 40185 km x 62.8FBODO#:4]28:TZ\15880085Cosmos-121724 Oct 1980P642 x 40165 km x 62.8GCOEO#:4]2:<V\^15980092Molniya-1#4816 Nov 1980P640 x 40651 km x 62.3FDOFO#:4]28:TZ\16080095Cosmos-122328 Nov 1980P614 x 40165 km x 62.8HEOGO#F4]2s:<V\^16180103Prognoz 0825 Dec 1980T550 x 199000 km x 65.0GFOHO#:4]2:<V\^16281002Molniya-3#1409 Jan 1981P485 x 40784 km x 62.5GGO{IO#:4]2:<V\^16381009Molniya-1#4930 Jan 1981P461 x 40801 km x 62.8FHOvJO#:4]28:TZ\16481016Cosmos-124719 Feb 1981P613 x 39540 km x 62.8G{IOrKO#:4]2:<V\^16581030Molniya-3#1522 Mar 1981P641 x 40655 km x 62.8FvJOmLO#:4]28:TZ\16681031Cosmos-126131 Mar 1981P615 x 40170 km x 62.8GrKOiMO#:4]2:<V\^16781054Molniya-3#1609 Jun 1981P471 x 40645 km x 62.8FmLOdNO#:4]28:TZ\16881058Cosmos-127819 Jun 1981P645 x 40165 km x 62.8GiMO`OO#:4]2:<V\^16981060Molniya-1#5025 Jun 1981P645 x 40645 km x 62.8FdNOgO#:4]28:TZ`OOgOL\17081071Cosmos-128504 Aug 1981P630 x 40165 km x 62.8F`OObO#:4]28:TZ\17181088Cosmos-130511 Sep 1981P648 x 13870 km x 63.0GgO^O#:4]2:<V\^17281105Molniya-3#1717 Oct 1981P649 x 40644 km x 63.0FbOYO#:4]28:TZ\17381108Cosmos-131702 Nov 1981P636 x 40165 km x 62.8G^OUO#:4]2:<V\^17481113Molniya-1#5117 Nov 1981P472 x 39117 km x 62.8GYOQO#:4]2:<V\^17581123Molniya-1#5223 Dec 1981P485 x 38990 km x 63.0GUOMO#:4]2:<V\^17682015Molniya-1#5326 Feb 1982P490 x 40765 km x 62.8FQOHO#:4]28:TZ\17782016Cosmos-134103 Mar 1982P614 x 40165 km x 62.8GMODO#:4]2:<V\^17882023Molniya-3#1824 Mar 1982P656 x 40615 km x 62.9FHO?O#:4]28:TZ\17982029Cosmos-134807 Apr 1982P613 x 39342 km x 62.8FDO:O#:4]28:TZ\18082045Cosmos-136720 May 1982P612 x 39530 km x 62.8G?O6O#:4]2:<V\^18182050Molniya-1#5429 May 1982P653 x 40633 km x 62.8F:O1O#:4]28:TZ\18282064Cosmos-138225 Jun 1982P614 x 39540 km x 62.8G6O-O#:4]2:<V\^18382074Molniya-1#5521 Jul 1982P650 x 38900 km x 63.0G1O)O#:4]2:<V\^18482083Molniya-3#1927 Aug 1982P494 x 40814 km x 62.8F-O$O#:4]28:TZ\18582095Cosmos-140922 Sep 1982P613 x 39340 km x 62.8D)O)O#:4]28:TZ\18682115Cosmos-142308 Dec 198$O)OL2P401 x 575 km x 62.8G$O%O#:4]2:<V\^18783015Molniya-3#2011 Mar 1983P474 x 40773 km x 62.8G)O!O#:4]2:<V\^18883019Molniya-1#5616 Mar 1983P488 x 40821 km x 62.8G%OO#:4]2:<V\^18983025Molniya-1#5702 Apr 1983P483 x 39023 km x 62.9F!OO#:4]28:TZ\19083038Cosmos-145625 Apr 1983P613 x 39343 km x 62.8HOO#F4]2s:<V\^19183067Prognoz 0901 Jul 1983T380 x 720000 km x 65.5FOO#:4]28:TZ\19283070Cosmos-148108 Jul 1983P615 x 40165 km x 62.8GOO#:4]2:<V\^19383073Molniya-1#5819 Jul 1983P480 x 39025 km x 62.9GOO#:4]2:<V\^19483090Molniya-3#2130 Aug 1983P497 x 40815 km x 62.8GO O#:4]2:<V\^19583114Molniya-1#5918 Nov 1983P465 x 39150 km x 62.8GOO#:4]2:<V\^19683123Molniya-3#2221 Dec 1983P617 x 40591 km x 62.8F OO#:4]28:TZ\19783126Cosmos-151828 Dec 1983P614 x 39345 km x 62.8FOO#:4]28:TZ\19884024Cosmos-154106 Mar 1984P584 x 39424 km x 62.9GOO#:4]2:<V\^19984029Molniya-1#6016 Mar 1984P646 x 40579 km x 62.9FOO#:4]28:TZ\20084033Cosmos-154704 Apr 1984P615 x 39340 km x 62.8FOO#:4]28:TZ\20184055Cosmos-156906 Jun 1984P614 x 40165 km x 62.8GO P#:4]28:TZ\20284071Cosmos-158104 Jul 1984P614 x 40165 km x 62.8 O PLFOP#:4]28:TZ\20384079Cosmos-158602 Aug 1984P614 x 40165 km x 62.8G PP#:4]2:<V\^20484085Molniya-1#6110 Aug 1984P479 x 40772 km x 62.7GPP#:4]2:<V\^20584089Molniya-1#6224 Aug 1984P467 x 40877 km x 62.8FPP#:4]28:TZ\20684096Cosmos-159607 Sep 1984P613 x 39342 km x 62.8FPP#:4]28:TZ\20784107Cosmos-160404 Oct 1984P613 x 39342 km x 62.8GPP#:4]2:<V\^20884124Molniya-1#6314 Dec 1984P461 x 40900 km x 62.8GPP#:4]2:<V\^20985004Molniya-3#2316 Jan 1985P646 x 40653 km x 62.9HPP#F4]2s:<V\^21085033Prognoz 1026 Apr 1985T400 x 200000 km x 65.0GPP#:4]2:<V\^21185040Molniya-3#2429 May 1985P465 x 40850 km x 62.8FP P#:4]28:TZ\21285045Cosmos-165811 Jun 1985P613 x 39342 km x 62.8FP P#:4]28:TZ\21385049Cosmos-166118 Jun 1985P613 x 40164 km x 62.8G P P#:4]2:<V\^21485061Molniya-3#2517 Jul 1985P462 x 40850 km x 62.8F P P#:4]28:TZ\21585071Cosmos-167512 Aug 1985P613 x 39342 km x 62.8G P P#:4]2:<V\^21685074Molniya-1#6422 Aug 1985P656 x 40638 km x 62.8F PP#:4]28:TZ\21785084Cosmos-168424 Sep 1985P613 x 39342 km x 62.8F PP#:4]28:TZ\21885088Cosmos-168730 Sep 1985P613 x 39330 km x 62.8GP@P#:4]2P@PL:<V\^21985091Molniya-3#2603 Oct 1985P623 x 40592 km x 62.8FPAP#:4]28:TZ\22085098Cosmos-169823 Oct 1985P601 x 39434 km x 62.9G@PBP#:4]2:<V\^22185099Molniya-1#6723 Oct 1985P633 x 38849 km x 62.9GAPCP#:4]2:<V\^22285103Molniya-1#6628 Oct 1985P465 x 39129 km x 62.8FBPDP#:4]28:TZ\22385105Cosmos-170109 Nov 1985P613 x 39342 km x 62.8GCPEP#:4]2:<V\^22485117Molniya-3#2724 Dec 1985P477 x 40793 km x 62.8FDPFP#:4]28:TZ\22586011Cosmos-172901 Feb 1986P632 x 39170 km x 62.9GEPGP#:4]2:<V\^22686031Molniya-3#2818 Apr 1986P638 x 40664 km x 62.9GFPHP#:4]2:<V\^22786049Molniya-3#2919 Jun 1986P640 x 40679 km x 62.9FGPIP#:4]28:TZ\22886050Cosmos-176105 Jul 1986P607 x 39325 km x 62.9GHPJP#:4]2:<V\^22986057Molniya-1#6730 Jul 1986P658 x 40615 km x 62.9FIPKP#:4]28:TZ\23086065Cosmos-177428 Aug 1986P614 x 39342 km x 62.8GJPLP#:4]2:<V\^23186068Molniya-1#6805 Sep 1986P645 x 40558 km x 63.0FKPMP#:4]28:TZ\23286075Cosmos-178303 Oct 1986P613 x 20045 km x 62.8FLPNP#:4]28:TZ\23386078Cosmos-178515 Oct 1986P596 x 39300 km x 63.0GMPOP#:4]2:<V\^23486079Molniya-3#3020 Oct 1986P645 x 38988 km x 62.9GNPP#:4]2OPPL:<V\^23586089Molniya-1#6915 Nov 1986P469 x 40817 km x 62.5FOPP#:4]28:TZ\23686091Cosmos-179320 Nov 1986P611 x 39323 km x 63.0FPP#:4]28:TZ\23786098Cosmos-180612 Dec 1986P612 x 39307 km x 63.0GPP#:4]2:<V\^23886103Molniya-1#7026 Dec 1986P484 x 39075 km x 63.0GPP#:4]2:<V\^23987008Molniya-3#3122 Jan 1987P473 x 40800 km x 62.8HPP#F4]2!w<>X^`24087048Cosmos 184904 Jun 1987P613 x 39342 km x 62.9HPP#F4]2#!w<>X^`24187050Cosmos 185112 Jun 1987P592 x 39402 km x 62.8FPP#:4]28:TZ\24287105Cosmos-190321 Dec 1987P614 x 38342 km x 62.8FPP#:4]28:TZ\24388013Cosmos-192226 Feb 1988P614 x 39300 km x 62.9IPP#F4]2HW>@Z`b24488017Molniya 1-7111 Mar 1988P490 x 38960 km x 62.5IPP#F4]2HW>@Z`b24588022Molniya 1-7217 Mar 1988P655 x 40584 km x 62.9GPP#:4]2:<V\^24688044Molniya-3#3226 May 1988P587 x 39782 km x 62.8GPP#:4]2:<V\^24788069Molniya-1#7312 Aug 1988P615 x 40754 km x 62.9HPP#F4]2(w<>X^`24888076Cosmos 196630 Aug 1988P617 x 39299 km x 62.9GPP#:4]2:<V\^24988090Molniya-3#3329 Sep 1988P646 x 38937 km x 62.9HPP#F4]2(w<>X^`25088092Cosmos 197403 Oct 1988P585 x 39341 km x 62.9HPP#F4]2(wPPL<>X^`25188096Cosmos 197725 Oct 1988P613 x 39342 km x 62.8IPP#F4]2RY>@Z`b25288112Molniya 3-3422 Dec 1988P440 x 39800 km x 62.8IPP#F4]2HW>@Z`b25388115Molniya 1-7428 Dec 1988P630 x 38900 km x 62.8HPP#F4]2fx<>X^`25489011Cosmos 200114 Feb 1989P613 x 39242 km x 62.8GPP#:4]2:<V\^25589014Molniya-1#7515 Feb 1989P486 x 38937 km x 62.5IPP#F4]2SY>@Z`b25689043Molniya 3-3508 Jun 1989P630 x 40700 km x 62.9GPP#:4]2:<V\^25789078Molniya-1#7627 Sep 1989P640 x 39700 km x 62.8HPP#F4]21fx<>X^`25889091Cosmos 205023 Nov 1989P600 x 39760 km x 63.0IPP#F4]2TY>@Z`b25989094Molniya 3-3628 Nov 1989P640 x 39670 km x 62.9IPP#F4]2UY>@Z`b26090006Molniya 3-3723 Jan 1990P600 x 39690 km x 62.8HPP#F4]2Ufx<>X^`26190026Cosmos 206327 Mar 1990P608 x 39739 km x 62.8GPP#:4]2:<V\^26290039Molniya-1#7726 Apr 1990P630 x 39720 km x 62.8FPP#:4]28:TZ\26390040Cosmos-207628 Apr 1990P577 x 39780 km x 63.0GPP#:4]2:<V\^26490052Molniya-3#3813 Jun 1990P464 x 39890 km x 62.8DPP#:4]28:TZ\26590055Cosmos-208421 Jun 1990P586 x 757 km x 62.8FPP#:4]28:TZ\26690064Cosmos-208725 Jul 1990P613 x 39432 km x 62.8GPQ#:4]2PQL:<V\^26790071Molniya-1#7810 Aug 1990P646 x 40634 km x 62.7FPQ#:4]28:TZ\26890076Cosmos-209728 Aug 1990P619 x 38881 km x 62.8GQQ#:4]2:<V\^26990084Molniya-3#3920 Sep 1990P454 x 40782 km x 62.8FQQ#:4]28:TZ\27090099Cosmos-210520 Nov 1990P606 x 39339 km x 63.0GQQ#:4]2:<V\^27190101Molniya-1#7923 Nov 1990P650 x 40600 km x 62.8GQQ#:4]2:<V\^27291012Molniya-1#8015 Feb 1991P471 x 39133 km x 62.8GQ}Q#:4]2:<V\^27391022Molniya-3#4022 Mar 1991P430 x 39090 km x 62.8GQyQ#:4]2:<V\^27491043Molniya-1#8118 Jun 1991P450 x 39900 km x 62.9G}QuQ#:4]2:<V\^27591053Molniya-1#8201 Aug 1991P650 x 40680 km x 62.9GyQq Q#:4]2:<V\^27691065Molniya-3#4117 Sep 1991P460 x 40850 km x 62.7FuQl Q#:4]28:TZ\27792003Cosmos-217624 Jan 1992P580 x 39350 km x 62.8Gq Qh Q#:4]2:<V\^27892011Molniya-1#8304 Mar 1992P630 x 39000 km x 62.9Fl Qc Q#:4]28:TZ\27992040Cosmos-219608 Jul 1992P590 x 39250 km x 63.0Gh Q_ Q#:4]2:<V\^28092050Molniya-1#8406 Aug 1992P635 x 40600 km x 63.0Ic QcQ#F4]2{Y>@Z`b28192067Molniya 3-4214 Oct 1992P460 x 40850 km x 62.8F_ Q^Q#:4]28:TZ\28292069Cosmos-221721 Oct 1992P600 x 39400 km x 62.8HcQm@Q#F4]2+x<>X^Qm@QL^`28392081Cosmos 222225 Nov 1992P590 x 39300 km x 62.9G^QiAQ#:4]2:<V\^28492085Molniya-3#4302 Dec 1992P460 x 39100 km x 62.9Im@QmBQ#F4]2IW>@Z`b28593002Molniya 1-8513 Jan 1993P650 x 40600 km x 63.0HiAQpCQ#F4]2 ,x<>X^`28693006Cosmos 223226 Jan 1993P620 x 39700 km x 62.7HmBQsDQ#F4]25,x<>X^`28793022Cosmos 224106 Apr 1993P620 x 39170 km x 62.8IpCQwEQ#F4]2}Y>@Z`b28893025Molniya 3-4421 Apr 1993P670 x 40600 km x 62.8IsDQ{FQ#F4]2IW>@Z`b28993035Molniya 1-8626 May 1993P450 x 40880 km x 62.7IwEQGQ#F4]2~Y>@Z`b29093049Molniya 3-4504 Aug 1993P410 x 39930 km x 62.8H{FQHQ#F4]2,x<>X^`29193051Cosmos 226110 Aug 1993P610 x 39400 km x 62.8IGQIQ#F4]2IW>@Z`b29293079Molniya 1-8722 Dec 1993P450 x 39200 km x 62.8HHQJQ#F4]2,x<>X^`29394048Cosmos 228605 Aug 1994P750 x 39600 km x 63.4IIQKQ#F4]2Y>@Z`b29494051Molniya 3-4623 Aug 1994P630 x 39730 km x 63.0IJQLQ#F4]2IW>@Z`b29594081Molniya 1-8814 Dec 1994P515 x 39830 km x 62.8HKQMQ#F4]22x<>X^`29695026Cosmos 231224 May 1995P708 x 39275 km x 62.9HLQNQ#F4]2s:<V\^29795039Prognoz 1103 Aug 1995P505 x 193060 km x 63.8IMQOQ#F4]2〵Y>@Z`b29895042Molniya 3-4709 Aug 1995P427 x 39970 km x 62.8ANQQ#F4]2OQQLYT24NTV29995072IRS 1C28 Dec 1995T816 x 818 km x 98.6?OQQ#F~4]2IW>@rxz30094081Molniya 1-8914 Aug 1996 at 22:21 UTP1QQ#Fb4]2s:<V\^30196050Prognoz 1229 Aug 1996P3QwQ#Ff4]2ふY>@Z`b30296060Molniya 3-4824 Oct 1996P2QdQ#Fd4]2w3x<>X^`30397015Cosmos 234009 Apr 1997P2wQQQ#Fd4]2o3x<>X^`30497022Cosmos 234214 May 1997PAdQSQ#R4]24IW>@v|~30597054Molniya 1-9024 Sep 1997 at 21:32 UTP4QQKQ#Xh4]2"3x&>@Zbd30698027Cosmos 23517 May 1998PASQPQ#X4]2"サY&@Bt|~30798040Molniya 3-491 Jul 1998 at 00:48 UTP&KQvQ# JPQQ1KׁQZQzLaA2 / SL4 (Soyuz) launchesV!vQQ5 :D゜P" A2 / SL4 (Soyuz) launchesDQZQ* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraS)QQ* $R゜PSemiorka with a Block I third stage0lZQ݊Q#X4]2 $&<>^ln#Launch idPayloadLaunch date SiteStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)@QҋQ#:4]202LRT63045Cosmos-22 16 Nov 1963T205 x 394 km x 64.9@݊QnjQ#:4]202LRT64023Cosmos-30 18 May 1964T207 x 383 km x 64.9@ҋQQ#:4]202LRT64034Cosmos-34 01 Jul 1964T205 x 360 km x 65.0@njQQ#:4]202LRT64055Cosmos-45 13 Sep 1964T206 x 327 km x 64.9@QQ#:4]202LRT64062Cosmos-47 06 Oct 1964T177 x 413 km x 64.8@QQ#:4]2QQvQ02LRT64065Voskhod-1 12 Oct 1964T177 x 408 km x 64.8@QQ#:4]202LRT65012Cosmos-57 22 Feb 1965T175 x 512 km x 64.8@QQ#:4]202LRT65015Cosmos-59 07 Mar 1965T209 x 339 km x 65.0@QQ#:4]202LRT65021Voskhod-2 18 Mar 1965T174 x 498 km x 64.8@Q{Q#:4]202LRT65029Cosmos-65 17 Apr 1965T210 x 342 km x 65.0@QpQ#:4]202LRT65040Cosmos-67 25 May 1965T207 x 350 km x 51.8@{QeQ#:4]202LRT65049Cosmos-69 25 Jun 1965T211 x 332 km x 64.9@pQZQ#:4]202LRT65061Cosmos-77 03 Aug 1965T200 x 350 km x 51.8@eQOQ#:4]202LRT65069Cosmos-79 25 Aug 1965T211 x 359 km x 64.9@ZQDQ#:4]202LRT65071Cosmos-85 09 Sep 1965T212 x 319 km x 65.0@OQ9Q#:4]202LRT65075Cosmos-91 23 Sep 1965T212 x 342 km x 65.0@DQ.Q#:4]202LRT65083Cosmos-92 16 Oct 1965T212 x 342 km x 65.0@9Q#Q#:4]202LRT65085Cosmos-94 28 Oct 1965T211 x 293 km x 65.0@.QQ#:4]202LRT66014Cosmos-10919 Feb 1966T209 x 309 km x 65.0C#QQ#F4]2ف68RXZ66015Cosmos 011022 Feb 1966T187 x 904 km x 51.9@Q Q#:4]202LRT66023Cosmos-11321 Mar 1966T210 x 327 km x 65.0@Q R#:4]202LRT66028Cosmos-11406 Apr 1966P210 x 374 km x 73.0 Q RvQ@ QR#:4]202LRT66050Cosmos-12008 Jun 1966T200 x 300 km x 51.8@ RR#:4]202LRT66054Cosmos-12117 Jun 1966P210 x 354 km x 72.9@RR#:4]202LRT66064Cosmos-12414 Jul 1966T208 x 303 km x 51.8@RR#:4]202LRT66068Cosmos-12628 Jul 1966T212 x 359 km x 51.8@RR#:4]202LRT66071Cosmos-12708 Aug 1966T204 x 279 km x 51.9@RR#:4]202LRT66079Cosmos-12827 Aug 1966T212 x 364 km x 65.0@RR#:4]202LRT66093Cosmos-13020 Oct 1966T211 x 340 km x 65.0@RR#:4]202LRT66105Cosmos-13112 Nov 1966P205 x 360 km x 72.9@RR#:4]202LRT66107Cosmos-13328 Nov 1966T181 x 232 km x 51.9AR R#:4]202LTV66108Cosmos-13403 Dec 1966T?214 x 319 km x 65.0@R R#:4]202LRT67009Cosmos-14007 Feb 1967T170 x 241 km x 51.7@ R R#:4]202LRT67012Cosmos-14108 Feb 1967P210 x 345 km x 72.9@ R~ R#:4]202LRT67025Cosmos-15022 Mar 1967P206 x 373 km x 65.7@ Rs R#:4]202LRT67033Cosmos-15512 Apr 1967T203 x 286 km x 51.8@~ RhR#:4]202LRT67037Soyouz-1 23 Apr 1967T201 x 224 km x 51.7@s R]R#:4]202LRT67049Cosmos-16122 May 1967P205 x 343 km x 65.7@hR^@R#:4]202LR]R^@RvQT67054Cosmos-16201 Jun 1967T201 x 280 km x 51.8@]RSAR#:4]202LRT67057Cosmos-16408 Jun 1967P202 x 320 km x 65.7@^@RHBR#:4]202LRT67067Cosmos-16804 Jul 1967T199 x 268 km x 51.8@SAR=CR#:4]202LRT67078Cosmos-17209 Aug 1967T202 x 301 km x 51.8@HBR2DR#:4]202LRT67085Cosmos-17511 Sep 1967P210 x 386 km x 72.9@=CR'ER#:4]202LRT67088Cosmos-17716 Sep 1967T202 x 292 km x 51.8@2DRFR#:4]202LRT67093Cosmos-18026 Sep 1967P212 x 370 km x 72.9@'ERGR#:4]202LRT67097Cosmos-18111 Oct 1967P200 x 344 km x 65.6AFRHR#:4]202LTV67097Cosmos-18216 Oct 1967T?209 x 353 km x 65.0@GRHR#:4]202LRT67098Cosmos-18627 Oct 1967T208 x 234 km x 51.7@HRIR#:4]202LRT67107Cosmos-18830 Oct 1967T200 x 276 km x 51.7@HRJR#:4]202LRT67110Cosmos-19003 Nov 1967P201 x 347 km x 65.7@IRKR#:4]202LRT67117Cosmos-19325 Nov 1967P204 x 352 km x 65.7@JRLR#:4]202LRT67119Cosmos-19403 Dec 1967P204 x 332 km x 65.7@KRMR#:4]202LRT67124Cosmos-19516 Dec 1967P210 x 373 km x 65.7@LRNR#:4]202LRT68003Cosmos-19916 Jan 1968P204 x 386 km x 65.7?MROR#:~4]202LPR68009Cosmos-20106 Feb 1968210 x 355 km x 65.0@NRR#:4]2ORRvQ02LRT68016Cosmos-20505 Mar 1968P201 x 310 km x 65.7@ORR#:4]202LRT68021Cosmos-20716 Mar 1968P210 x 342 km x 65.6@RR#:4]202LRT68022Cosmos-20821 Mar 1968T207 x 305 km x 65.0@RR#:4]202LRT68024Cosmos-21003 Apr 1968P217 x 395 km x 81.2@RR#:4]202LRT68029Cosmos-21214 Apr 1968T210 x 239 km x 51.7@RxR#:4]202LRT68030Cosmos-21315 Apr 1968T205 x 291 km x 51.4@RmR#:4]202LRT68032Cosmos-21418 Apr 1968P211 x 403 km x 81.4@xRbR#:4]202LRT68034Cosmos-21620 Apr 1968T199 x 277 km x 51.8@mRWR#:4]202LRT68045Cosmos-22301 Jun 1968P212 x 374 km x 72.9@bRLR#:4]202LRT68046Cosmos-22404 Jun 1968T200 x 270 km x 51.8@WRAR#:4]202LRT68051Cosmos-22718 Jun 1968T194 x 281 km x 51.8@LR6R#:4]202LRT68053Cosmos-22821 Jun 1968T206 x 259 km x 51.6@AR+R#:4]202LRT68054Cosmos-22926 Jun 1968P210 x 354 km x 72.8@6R R#:4]202LRT68058Cosmos-23110 Jul 1968T211 x 330 km x 65.0@+RR#:4]202LRT68060Cosmos-23216 Jul 1968T202 x 352 km x 65.0@ R R#:4]202LRT68062Cosmos-23430 Jul 1968T210 x 310 km x 51.8@R R#:4]202LRT68067Cosmos-23509 Aug 1968T207 x 303 km x 51.8 R RvQ@ RR#:4]202LRT68071Cosmos-23727 Aug 1968P201 x 343 km x 65.4@ RR#:4]202LRT68072Cosmos-23828 Aug 1968T199 x 219 km x 51.7@RR#:4]202LRT68073Cosmos-23905 Sep 1968T202 x 289 km x 51.8@RR#:4]202LRT68075Cosmos-24014 Sep 1968T197 x 293 km x 51.8@RR#:4]202LRT68077Cosmos-24116 Sep 1968P201 x 343 km x 65.4@RR#:4]202LRT68080Cosmos-24323 Sep 1968P210 x 319 km x 71.3@RR#:4]202LRT68087Cosmos-24607 Oct 1968P147 x 348 km x 65.4@RR#:4]202LRT68088Cosmos-24711 Oct 1968P205 x 362 km x 65.4@RR#:4]202LRT68093Soyouz-2 25 Oct 1968T185 x 224 km x 51.7@RR#:4]202LRT68094Soyouz-3 26 Oct 1968T205 x 225 km x 51.7@RR#:4]202LRT68096Cosmos-25131 Oct 1968T198 x 270 km x 65.0@RR#:4]202LRT68102Cosmos-25313 Nov 1968P206 x 335 km x 65.4@R}R#:4]202LRT68104Cosmos-25421 Nov 1968P203 x 350 km x 65.4@RrR#:4]202LRT68105Cosmos-25529 Nov 1968P201 x 336 km x 65.4@}RgR#:4]202LRT68111Cosmos-25810 Dec 1968T210 x 325 km x 65.0@rR\R#:4]202LRT69003Cosmos-26312 Jan 1969P205 x 346 km x 65.4@gR]S#:4]202LR\R]SvQT69004Soyouz-4 14 Jan 1969T173 x 225 km x 51.7@\RRS#:4]202LRT69005Soyouz-5 15 Jan 1969T200 x 230 km x 51.7@]SGS#:4]202LRT69008Cosmos-26423 Jan 1969T219 x 330 km x 70.0@RS<S#:4]202LRT69015Cosmos-26605 Feb 1969P208 x 358 km x 72.9@GS1S#:4]202LRT69017Cosmos-26726 Feb 1969T210 x 346 km x 65.0@<S&S#:4]202LRT69022Cosmos-27006 Mar 1969P205 x 350 km x 65.4@1SS#:4]202LRT69023Cosmos-27115 Mar 1969P200 x 342 km x 65.4@&SS#:4]202LRT69027Cosmos-27322 Mar 1969P205 x 356 km x 65.4@SS#:4]202LRT69028Cosmos-27424 Mar 1969T213 x 323 km x 65.0@SS#:4]202LRT69032Cosmos-27604 Apr 1969P214 x 410 km x 81.4@S S#:4]202LRT69034Cosmos-27809 Apr 1969T203 x 338 km x 65.0@S S#:4]202LRT69038Cosmos-27915 Apr 1969T194 x 280 km x 51.8@ S S#:4]202LRT69040Cosmos-28023 Apr 1969T206 x 272 km x 51.6@ S S#:4]202LRT69042Cosmos-28113 May 1969P194 x 317 km x 65.4@ S S#:4]202LRT69044Cosmos-28220 May 1969P209 x 343 km x 65.4@ SS#:4]202LRT69048Cosmos-28429 May 1969T207 x 308 km x 51.8@ SS#:4]202LRT69052Cosmos-28615 Jun 1969P206 x 349 km x 65.4@S@S#:4]2S@SvQ02LRT69054Cosmos-28724 Jun 1969T190 x 281 km x 51.8@SAS#:4]202LRT69055Cosmos-28827 Jun 1969T201 x 281 km x 51.8@@SBS#:4]202LRT69057Cosmos-28910 Jul 1969P200 x 350 km x 65.4@ASCS#:4]202LRT69060Cosmos-29022 Jul 1969P200 x 352 km x 65.4@BSDS#:4]202LRT69066Cosmos-29106 Aug 1969T153 x 574 km x 62.3@CSwES#:4]202LRT69071Cosmos-29316 Aug 1969T208 x 270 km x 51.8@DSlFS#:4]202LRT69072Cosmos-29419 Aug 1969P202 x 348 km x 65.4@wESaGS#:4]202LRT69075Cosmos-29629 Aug 1969T211 x 322 km x 65.0@lFSVHS#:4]202LRT69076Cosmos-29702 Sep 1969P211 x 334 km x 72.9@aGSKIS#:4]202LRT69078Cosmos-29918 Sep 1969T214 x 311 km x 65.0@VHS@JS#:4]202LRT69081Cosmos-30124 Sep 1969P197 x 307 km x 65.4@KIS5KS#:4]202LRT69085Soyouz-6 11 Oct 1969T186 x 223 km x 51.7@@JS*LS#:4]202LRT69086Soyouz-7 12 Oct 1969T207 x 226 km x 51.7@5KSMS#:4]202LRT69087Soyouz-8 13 Oct 1969T205 x 223 km x 51.7@*LSNS#:4]202LRT69089Cosmos-30217 Oct 1969P202 x 340 km x 65.4@MS OS#:4]202LRT69093Cosmos-30624 Oct 1969T208 x 332 km x 65.0@NS S#:4]202LRT69098Cosmos-30912 Nov 1969P203 x 384 km x 65.4 OS SvQ@ OSS#:4]202LRT69100Cosmos-31015 Nov 1969T208 x 347 km x 65.0@ SS#:4]202LRT69104Cosmos-31303 Dec 1969P204 x 276 km x 65.4@SS#:4]202LRT69109Cosmos-31723 Dec 1969P209 x 302 km x 65.4@SS#:4]202LRT70001Cosmos-31809 Jan 1970T204 x 295 km x 65.0@SՄS#:4]202LRT70007Cosmos-32221 Jan 1970P200 x 336 km x 65.4@SʅS#:4]202LRT70010Cosmos-32310 Feb 1970P206 x 348 km x 65.4@ՄSS#:4]202LRT70015Cosmos-32504 Mar 1970P208 x 348 km x 65.4@ʅSS#:4]202LRT70018Cosmos-32614 Mar 1970P212 x 393 km x 81.4@SS#:4]202LRT70022Cosmos-32827 Mar 1970P212 x 304 km x 72.9@SS#:4]202LRT70023Cosmos-32903 Apr 1970P203 x 240 km x 81.3@SS#:4]202LRT70026Cosmos-33108 Apr 1970T212 x 348 km x 65.0@SS#:4]202LRT70030Cosmos-33315 Apr 1970P217 x 265 km x 81.4@S}S#:4]202LRT70038Cosmos-34412 May 1970P203 x 328 km x 72.9@SrS#:4]202LRT70039Cosmos-34520 May 1970T191 x 270 km x 51.7@}SgS#:4]202LRT70041Soyouz-9 02 Jun 1970T175 x 227 km x 51.6@rS\S#:4]202LRT70042Cosmos-34610 Jun 1970T196 x 274 km x 51.7@gS]S#:4]202LR\S]SvQT70045Cosmos-34917 Jun 1970P200 x 332 km x 65.4@\SRS#:4]202LRT70050Cosmos-35026 Jun 1970T203 x 257 km x 51.7@]SGS#:4]202LRT70052Cosmos-35207 Jul 1970T208 x 294 km x 51.8@RSU#:4]202LRT73048Cosmos-57725 Jul 1973P209 x 312 km x 65.4@I U3U#:4]202LRT73051Cosmos-57801 Aug 1973P207 x 308 km x 65.4@>U4@U#:4]202LRT73055Cosmos-5793U4@UvQ21 Aug 1973P209 x 315 km x 65.4@3U)AU#:4]202LRT73059Cosmos-58124 Aug 1973T165 x 272 km x 51.6@4@UBU#:4]202LRT73062Cosmos-58330 Aug 1973T200 x 306 km x 65.0@)AUCU#:4]202LRT73063Cosmos-58406 Sep 1973P213 x 360 km x 72.9@BUDU#:4]202LRT73066Cosmos-58721 Sep 1973P215 x 330 km x 65.4@CUDU#:4]202LRT73067Soyouz-12 27 Sep 1973T326 x 345 km x 51.6@DUEU#:4]202LRT73070Cosmos-59603 Oct 1973P211 x 310 km x 65.4@DUFU#:4]202LRT73071Cosmos-59706 Oct 1973P212 x 312 km x 65.4@EUGU#:4]202LRT73072Cosmos-59810 Oct 1973P213 x 360 km x 72.9@FUHU#:4]202LRT73073Cosmos-59915 Oct 1973T206 x 294 km x 65.0@GUIU#:4]202LRT73074Cosmos-60016 Oct 1973P215 x 366 km x 72.9@HUJU#:4]202LRT73077Cosmos-60220 Oct 1973P213 x 365 km x 72.9@IUKU#:4]202LRT73079Cosmos-60327 Oct 1973P204 x 356 km x 72.9CJULU#F4]268RXZ73083Cosmos 060531 Oct 1973P221 x 474 km x 62.8@KUMU#:4]202LRT73087Cosmos-60710 Nov 1973P214 x 364 km x 72.9@LUNU#:4]202LRT73092Cosmos-60921 Nov 1973T207 x 370 km x 70.0@MUOU#:4]202LRT73095Cosmos-61228 Nov 1973P206 x 346 km x 72.8@NUU#:4]2OUUvQ02LRT73096Cosmos-61330 Nov 1973T195 x 295 km x 51.6@OUU#:4]202LRT73102Cosmos-61617 Dec 1973P214 x 355 km x 72.9@UxU#:4]202LRT73103Soyouz-13 18 Dec 1973T225 x 272 km x 51.6@UmU#:4]202LRT73105Cosmos-62521 Dec 1973P214 x 346 km x 72.8@xUbU#:4]202LRT74003Cosmos-62924 Jan 1974P195 x 304 km x 62.8@mUWU#:4]202LRT74004Cosmos-63030 Jan 1974P213 x 367 km x 72.9@bULU#:4]202LRT74006Cosmos-63212 Feb 1974T174 x 333 km x 65.0@WUAU#:4]202LRT74014Cosmos-63514 Mar 1974P212 x 350 km x 72.9@LU6U#:4]202LRT74016Cosmos-63616 Mar 1974T164 x 385 km x 65.0AAU,U#:4]224NTV74018Cosmos-63803 Apr 1974T195 x 325 km x 51.8@6U!U#:4]202LRT74019Cosmos-63904 Apr 1974P209 x 238 km x 81.3@,UU#:4]202LRT74021Cosmos-64011 Apr 1974P205 x 236 km x 81.3@!U U#:4]202LRT74027Cosmos-64929 Apr 1974P189 x 320 km x 62.8@UU#:4]202LRT74030Cosmos-65215 May 1974T180 x 362 km x 51.8@ UU#:4]202LRT74031Cosmos-65315 May 1974P196 x 309 km x 62.8@UU#:4]202LRT74036Cosmos-65627 May 1974T194 x 354 km x 51.6@UߏU#:4]202LRT74038Cosmos-65730 May 1974P182 x 360 km x 62.8@UU#:4]ߏUUvQ202LRT74041Cosmos-65806 Jun 1974T206 x 304 km x 65.0@ߏUU#:4]202LRT74043Cosmos-65913 Jun 1974P190 x 360 km x 62.8@UU#:4]202LRT74049Cosmos-66429 Jun 1974P212 x 364 km x 72.9,UU#:X4]202LRT74051Soyouz-14 03 Jul 1974T@UU#:4]202LRT74053Cosmos-66612 Jul 1974P191 x 351 km x 62.8@UU#:4]202LRT74057Cosmos-66725 Jul 1974T182 x 343 km x 65.0@UU#:4]202LRT74059Cosmos-66926 Jul 1974P210 x 244 km x 81.3@UU#:4]202LRT74061Cosmos-67006 Aug 1974T217 x 307 km x 50.6@UtU#:4]202LRT74062Cosmos-67107 Aug 1974P191 x 369 km x 62.8@UiU#:4]202LRT74064Cosmos-67212 Aug 1974T191 x 249 km x 51.8,tUJU#:X4]202LRT74067Soyouz-15 26 Aug 1974T@iU?U#:4]202LRT74068Cosmos-67429 Aug 1974T182 x 343 km x 65.0@JU4U#:4]202LRT74073Cosmos-68520 Sep 1974T208 x 303 km x 65.0@?U)U#:4]202LRT74078Cosmos-68818 Oct 1974P188 x 371 km x 62.8@4UU#:4]202LRT74080Cosmos-69022 Oct 1974P233 x 389 km x 62.8@)UU#:4]202LRT74082Cosmos-69125 Oct 1974T180 x 362 km x 65.0@UV#:4]202LRT74087Cosmos-69203 Nov 1974P201 x 315 km xUVvQ 62.8@U V#:4]202LRT74088Cosmos-69304 Nov 1974P215 x 271 km x 81.3@VV#:4]202LRT74090Cosmos-69416 Nov 1974P213 x 344 km x 72.9@ VV#:4]202LRT74095Cosmos-69627 Nov 1974P212 x 345 km x 72.9@VV#:4]202LRT74096Soyouz-16 02 Dec 1974T177 x 223 km x 51.8@VV#:4]202LRT74098Cosmos-69714 Dec 1974P182 x 415 km x 62.8@VV#:4]202LRT74106Cosmos-70127 Dec 1974P210 x 339 km x 71.4=VV#:z4]202LRT75001Soyouz-17 11 Jan 1975TLIAISON SALIOUT-4@VV#:4]202LRT75002Cosmos-70217 Jan 1975P210 x 334 km x 71.4@VV#:4]202LRT75005Cosmos-70423 Jan 1975P213 x 329 km x 72.9@V V#:4]202LRT75013Cosmos-70912 Feb 1975P188 x 333 km x 62.8@V V#:4]202LRT75015Cosmos-71026 Feb 1975T187 x 299 km x 65.0@ V V#:4]202LRT75018Cosmos-71912 Mar 1975T182 x 329 km x 65.0@ V V#:4]202LRT75019Cosmos-72021 Mar 1975P223 x 280 km x 62.8@ Vw V#:4]202LRT75020Cosmos-72126 Mar 1975P210 x 241 km x 81.3@ VlV#:4]202LRT75021Cosmos-72227 Mar 1975P210 x 359 km x 71.40w VWV#F`4]2 &(BHJ$Soyouz 05 Apr 1975TFailure@lVX@V#:4]202LRWVX@VvQT75030Cosmos-72716 Apr 1975T180 x 358 km x 65.0@WVMAV#:4]202LRT75031Cosmos-72818 Apr 1975P211 x 350 km x 72.8@X@VBBV#:4]202LRT75035Cosmos-73024 Apr 1975P212 x 251 km x 81.3;MAV2CV#:v4]2 &(BHJCosmos-72721 May 1975T207 x 313 km x 65.0,BBVDV#:X4]202LRT75044Soyouz-18 24 May 1975T@2CVEV#:4]202LRT75046Cosmos-74028 May 1975T181 x 347 km x 65.0@DVEV#:4]202LRT75047Cosmos-74130 May 1975P210 x 246 km x 81.4@EVFV#:4]202LRT75048Cosmos-74203 Jun 1975P189 x 357 km x 62.8@EVGV#:4]202LRT75053Cosmos-74312 Jun 1975P190 x 355 km x 62.8@FVHV#:4]202LRT75059Cosmos-74625 Jun 1975P188 x 346 km x 62.8@GVIV#:4]202LRT75060Cosmos-74727 Jun 1975P197 x 309 km x 62.8@HVJV#:4]202LRT75061Cosmos-74803 Jul 1975P184 x 339 km x 62.8,IVKV#:X4]202LRT75065Soyouz-19 15 Jul 1975T@JVLV#:4]202LRT75068Cosmos-75123 Jul 1975P203 x 235 km x 62.8@KVMV#:4]202LRT75073Cosmos-75413 Aug 1975P210 x 345 km x 71.4@LVNV#:4]202LRT75078Cosmos-75727 Aug 1975P190 x 337 km x 62.8@MV{OV#:4]202LRT75080Cosmos-75806 Sep 1975P181 x 370 km x 67.2@NV|V#:4]20{OV|VvQ2LRT75084Cosmos-75912 Sep 1975P234 x 281 km x 62.8@{OVqV#:4]202LRT75085Cosmos-76016 Sep 1975T181 x 355 km x 65.0@|VfV#:4]202LRT75088Cosmos-76923 Sep 1975P211 x 331 km x 72.9@qV[V#:4]202LRT75090Cosmos-77125 Sep 1975P219 x 247 km x 81.3@fVPV#:4]202LRT75093Cosmos-77229 Sep 1975T201 x 320 km x 51.8@[VEV#:4]202LRT75095Cosmos-77401 Oct 1975P212 x 333 km x 71.4@PV:V#:4]202LRT75101Cosmos-77617 Oct 1975P203 x 310 km x 62.8@EV/V#:4]202LRT75104Cosmos-77904 Nov 1975P188 x 334 km x 62.8,:VV#:X4]202LRT75106Soyouz-20 17 Nov 1975T@/VV#:4]202LRT75108Cosmos-78021 Nov 1975T206 x 298 km x 65.0CVV#F4]268RXZ75110Cosmos 078225 Nov 1975P227 x 405 km x 62.8@VV#:4]202LRT75113Cosmos-78403 Dec 1975P216 x 252 km x 81.3@VV#:4]202LRT75120Cosmos-78616 Dec 1975T180 x 347 km x 65.0@VV#:4]202LRT76002Cosmos-78807 Jan 1976P191 x 343 km x 62.8@V׍V#:4]202LRT76009Cosmos-79929 Jan 1976P210 x 328 km x 71.4@V̎V#:4]202LRT76013Cosmos-80211 Feb 1976T180 x 355 km x 65.0@׍VV#:4]202LRT76018Cosmos-80520 Feb 1976P182 x 372 km x 67.2@̎VV#:4]2VVvQ02LRT76020Cosmos-80610 Mar 1976P182 x 363 km x 72.4@VV#:4]202LRT76025Cosmos-80919 Mar 1976T210 x 322 km x 65.0@VV#:4]202LRT76028Cosmos-81026 Mar 1976P188 x 358 km x 62.8@VV#:4]202LRT76030Cosmos-81131 Mar 1976P212 x 361 km x 72.9@VV#:4]202LRT76033Cosmos-81309 Apr 1976P212 x 250 km x 81.2@VV#:4]202LRT76036Cosmos-81528 Apr 1976P218 x 254 km x 81.3@VV#:4]202LRT76040Cosmos-81705 May 1976T178 x 347 km x 65.0@VuV#:4]202LRT76045Cosmos-81920 May 1976T204 x 307 km x 65.0@VjV#:4]202LRT76046Cosmos-82021 May 1976P214 x 236 km x 81.4@uV_V#:4]202LRT76048Cosmos-82126 May 1976P212 x 338 km x 72.8@jVTV#:4]202LRT76052Cosmos-82408 Jun 1976P209 x 345 km x 71.4@_VIV#:4]202LRT76055Cosmos-83316 Jun 1976P189 x 335 km x 62.8@TV>V#:4]202LRT76058Cosmos-83424 Jun 1976P223 x 263 km x 81.4@IV3V#:4]202LRT76060Cosmos-83529 Jun 1976T180 x 338 km x 65.0,>VV#:X4]202LRT76064Soyouz-21 06 Jul 1976T@3V V#:4]202LRT76068Cosmos-84014 Jul 1976P212 x 343 km x 72.9@V W#:4]202LRT76072Cosmos-84422 Jul 1976P181 x 285 km x 67.1 V WvQ@ VW#:4]202LRT76079Cosmos-84704 Aug 1976P189 x 342 km x 62.8@ WW#:4]202LRT76082Cosmos-84812 Aug 1976P214 x 325 km x 62.8@WW#:4]202LRT76086Cosmos-85228 Aug 1976T179 x 354 km x 65.0@WW#:4]202LRT76090Cosmos-85403 Sep 1976P177 x 337 km x 81.4@WW#:4]202LRT76093Soyouz-22 15 Sep 1976T250 x 280 km x 65.0@WW#:4]202LRT76095Cosmos-85521 Sep 1976P212 x 366 km x 72.9@WW#:4]202LRT76096Cosmos-85622 Sep 1976P210 x 322 km x 63.0@WW#:4]202LRT76097Cosmos-85724 Sep 1976P185 x 346 km x 62.8/WW#F^4]2 &(BFH$Cosmos 04 Oct 1976Failure@W W#:4]202LRT76099Cosmos-85910 Oct 1976T180 x 360 km x 65.0,Wt W#:X4]202LRT76100Soyouz-23 14 Oct 1976T@ Wi W#:4]202LRT76106Cosmos-86326 Oct 1976P187 x 370 km x 62.8@t W^ W#:4]202LRT76109Cosmos-86501 Nov 1976P212 x 350 km x 72.9@i WS W#:4]202LRT76110Cosmos-86611 Nov 1976T182 x 306 km x 65.0@^ WHW#:4]202LRT76111Cosmos-86723 Nov 1976P258 x 418 km x 62.8@S W=W#:4]202LRT76114Cosmos-86930 Nov 1976T202 x 307 km x 51.8@HW>@W#:4]202LRT76119Co=W>@WvQsmos-87909 Dec 1976P217 x 241 km x 81.4@=W3AW#:4]202LRT76123Cosmos-88417 Dec 1976T178 x 346 km x 65.0@>@W(BW#:4]202LRT77001Cosmos-88806 Jan 1977T178 x 327 km x 65.0@3AWCW#:4]202LRT77003Cosmos-88920 Jan 1977P210 x 353 km x 71.4,(BWCW#:X4]202LRT77008Soyouz-24 07 Feb 1977T@CWDW#:4]202LRT77009Cosmos-89209 Feb 1977P170 x 454 km x 72.9@CWEW#:4]202LRT77016Cosmos-89603 Mar 1977P194 x 216 km x 72.9@DWFW#:4]202LRT77017Cosmos-89710 Mar 1977P182 x 371 km x 72.9@EWGW#:4]202LRT77020Cosmos-89817 Mar 1977P222 x 258 km x 81.4@FWHW#:4]202LRT77026Cosmos-90207 Apr 1977P179 x 307 km x 81.4@GWIW#:4]202LRT77028Cosmos-90420 Apr 1977P210 x 350 km x 71.4@HWJW#:4]202LRT77030Cosmos-90526 Apr 1977P179 x 366 km x 67.1@IWKW#:4]202LRT77033Cosmos-90705 May 1977P187 x 388 km x 62.8@JWLW#:4]202LRT77035Cosmos-90817 May 1977T180 x 307 km x 51.8@KWMW#:4]202LRT77040Cosmos-91226 May 1977P219 x 257 km x 81.4@LWNW#:4]202LRT77043Cosmos-91431 May 1977T210 x 327 km x 65.0@MWzOW#:4]202LRT77045Cosmos-91508 Jun 1977P182 x 306 km x 62.8@NW{W#:4]202zOW{WvQLRT77046Cosmos-91610 Jun 1977P250 x 307 km x 62.8@zOWpW#:4]202LRT77052Cosmos-92022 Jun 1977T180 x 364 km x 65.0@{WeW#:4]202LRT77058Cosmos-92230 Jun 1977P212 x 323 km x 62.8@pWZW#:4]202LRT77063Cosmos-92712 Jul 1977P178 x 403 km x 72.9@eWOW#:4]202LRT77069Cosmos-93220 Jul 1977T180 x 342 km x 65.0@ZWDW#:4]202LRT77072Cosmos-93427 Jul 1977P238 x 264 km x 62.8@OW9W#:4]202LRT77073Cosmos-93529 Jul 1977P225 x 276 km x 81.3CDW7W#F4]2668RXZ77074Cosmos 093603 Aug 1977P224 x 419 km x 62.8@9W,W#:4]202LRT77078Cosmos-93824 Aug 1977P189 x 365 km x 62.8@7W!W#:4]202LRT77081Cosmos-94727 Aug 1977P211 x 346 km x 72.8@,WW#:4]202LRT77083Cosmos-94802 Sep 1977P217 x 265 km x 81.4@!W W#:4]202LRT77085Cosmos-94906 Sep 1977P184 x 348 km x 62.8@WW#:4]202LRT77086Cosmos-95013 Sep 1977P213 x 305 km x 62.8@ WW#:4]202LRT77089Cosmos-95316 Sep 1977P188 x 354 km x 62.8@WW#:4]202LRT77098Cosmos-95730 Sep 1977T181 x 381 km x 65.0,WˎW#:X4]202LRT77099Soyouz-25 09 Oct 1977T@WW#:4]202LRT77100Cosmos-95811 Oct 1977P265 x 369 km x 62.8@ˎWW#:4]2WWvQ02LRT77110Cosmos-96404 Dec 1977P180 x 391 km x 72.9,WW#:X4]202LRT77113Soyouz-26 10 Dec 1977T@WW#:4]202LRT77115Cosmos-96612 Dec 1977T210 x 316 km x 65.0@WW#:4]202LRT77120Cosmos-96920 Dec 1977P188 x 340 km x 62.8@WW#:4]202LRT77124Cosmos-97327 Dec 1977P210 x 348 km x 71.4@WvW#:4]202LRT78001Cosmos-97406 Jan 1978P188 x 356 km x 62.8,WWW#:X4]202LRT78003Soyouz-27 10 Jan 1978T@vWLW#:4]202LRT78006Cosmos-98413 Jan 1978P215 x 313 km x 62.8,WW-W#:X4]202LRT78008Progress-120 Jan 1978T@LW"W#:4]202LRT78010Cosmos-98624 Jan 1978T179 x 341 km x 65.0@-WW#:4]202LRT78013Cosmos-98731 Jan 1978P175 x 321 km x 62.8@"W W#:4]202LRT78015Cosmos-98808 Feb 1978P210 x 363 km x 72.8@WW#:4]202LRT78017Cosmos-98914 Feb 1978T178 x 354 km x 65.0, WW#:X4]202LRT78023Soyouz-28 02 Mar 1978T@WW#:4]202LRT78025Cosmos-99204 Mar 1978P210 x 346 km x 71.4@WW#:4]202LRT78027Cosmos-99310 Mar 1978P182 x 368 km x 72.9@WW#:4]202LRT78030Cosmos-99517 Mar 1978P221 x 262 km x 81.4@WX#:4]2WXvQ02LRT78033Cosmos-99930 Mar 1978P180 x 376 km x 71.4AWX#:4]224NTV78036Cosmos-100104 Apr 1978T200 x 300 km x 51.6AXX#:4]224NTV78037Cosmos-100206 Apr 1978T209 x 305 km x 65.0AXX#:4]224NTV78040Cosmos-100320 Apr 1978P185 x 349 km x 62.8AXX#:4]224NTV78043Cosmos-100405 May 1978P213 x 311 km x 62.8AXX#:4]224NTV78048Cosmos-100716 May 1978P180 x 384 km x 72.9AXX#:4]224NTV78052Cosmos-101023 May 1978P218 x 257 km x 81.4AX|X#:4]224NTV78054Cosmos-101225 May 1978P214 x 280 km x 62.8AXrX#:4]224NTV78057Cosmos-102110 Jun 1978T180 x 336 km x 65.0A|Xh X#:4]224NTV78059Cosmos-102212 Jun 1978P182 x 374 km x 72.9,rXI X#:X4]202LRT78061Soyouz-29 15 Jun 1978T,h X* X#:X4]202LRT78065Soyouz-30 27 Jun 1978TAI X X#:4]224NTV78069Cosmos-102602 Jul 1978T209 x 261 km x 51.8,* X X#:X4]202LRT78070Progress-207 Jul 1978TA X X#:4]224NTV78076Cosmos-102805 Aug 1978P182 x 272 km x 67.1, XX#:X4]202LRT78077Progress-307 Aug 1978T, XX#:X4]202LRT78081Soyouz-31 26 Aug 1978TAX@X#:4]2X@XvQ24NTV78082Cosmos-102929 Aug 1978P186 x 353 km x 62.8AXAX#:4]224NTV78085Cosmos-103109 Sep 1978P191 x 351 km x 62.8A@XBX#:4]224NTV78088Cosmos-103219 Sep 1978P218 x 249 km x 81.4AAXCX#:4]224NTV78089Cosmos-103303 Oct 1978P223 x 268 km x 81.4,BX~DX#:X4]202LRT78090Progress-403 Oct 1978TACXtEX#:4]224NTV78092Cosmos-104206 Oct 1978P187 x 326 km x 62.8A~DXjFX#:4]224NTV78097Cosmos-104420 Oct 1978P211 x 315 km x 62.8AtEX`GX#:4]224NTV78102Cosmos-104601 Nov 1978P212 x 353 km x 72.9AjFXVHX#:4]224NTV78104Cosmos-104715 Nov 1978P182 x 378 km x 72.9A`GXLIX#:4]224NTV78107Cosmos-104921 Nov 1978P183 x 375 km x 72.9AVHXBJX#:4]224NTV78108Cosmos-105028 Nov 1978P258 x 398 km x 62.8ALIX8KX#:4]224NTV78110Cosmos-105907 Dec 1978P188 x 360 km x 62.8ABJX.LX#:4]224NTV78111Cosmos-106008 Dec 1978T209 x 311 km x 65.0A8KX$MX#:4]224NTV78114Cosmos-106114 Dec 1978P211 x 233 km x 62.8A.LXNX#:4]224NTV78123Cosmos-106826 Dec 1978P187 x 408 km x 62.8A$MXOX#:4]224NTV78124Cosmos-106928 Dec 1978P244 x 290 km x 62.8ANXX#:4]224NTV79001Cosmos-107011 Jan 1979P214 x 316 km x 6OXXvQ2.8AOXX#:4]224NTV79002Cosmos-107113 Jan 1979P190 x 360 km x 62.8AXX#:4]224NTV79006Cosmos-107330 Jan 1979P187 x 350 km x 62.8AXX#:4]224NTV79008Cosmos-107431 Jan 1979T203 x 258 km x 51.6AXX#:4]224NTV79016Cosmos-107823 Feb 1979P180 x 306 km x 72.9,X˄X#:X4]202LRT79018Soyouz-32 25 Feb 1979TAXX#:4]224NTV79019Cosmos-107927 Feb 1979P179 x 359 km x 67.1,˄XX#:X4]202LRT79022Progress-512 Mar 1979TAXX#:4]224NTV79023Cosmos-108014 Mar 1979P180 x 320 km x 72.9AXX#:4]224NTV79027Cosmos-109031 Mar 1979P212 x 354 km x 72.9,XoX#:X4]202LRT79029Soyouz-33 10 Apr 1979TAXeX#:4]224NTV79034Cosmos-109520 Apr 1979P209 x 404 km x 72.9AoX[X#:4]224NTV79037Cosmos-109728 Apr 1979P180 x 357 km x 62.8,eXZ#:Z4]224NTV82070Progress-1410 Jul 1982TA\Z4Z#:4]224NTV82071Cosmos-138713 Jul 1982P219 x 271 km x 82.3A>Z*Z#:4]224NTV82075Cosmos-139627 Jul 1982P208 x 323 km x 72.9A4Z Z#:4]224NTV82077Cosmos-139803 Aug 1982P225 x 262 km x 82.3A*ZZ#:4]224NTV82078Cosmos-139904 Aug 1982T179 x 371 km x 64.9, ZZ#:X4]202LRT82080Soyouz-T7 19 Aug 1982TAZZ#:4]224NTV82081Cosmos-140120 Aug 1982P226 x 282 km x 82.3AZZ#:4]224NTV82085Cosmos-140301 Sep 1982T216 x 380 km x 70.4AZZ#:4]224NTV82086Cosmos-140401 Sep 1982P211 x 394 km x 72.9AZZ#:4]224NTV82089Cosmos-140608 Sep 1982P222 x 253 km x 82.3AZZ#:4]224NTV82091Cosmos-140715 Sep 1982P181 x 364 km x 67.2-ZZ#:Z4]224NTV82094Progress-1518 Sep 1982TAZZ#:4]224NTV82098Cosmos-141130 Sep 1982P208 x 384 km x 72.9AZ[#:4]2Z[vQ24NTV82101Cosmos-141615 Oct 1982T217 x 380 km x 70.4-Z[#:Z4]224NTV82107Progress-1631 Oct 1982TA[w[#:4]224NTV82108Cosmos-141902 Nov 1982T216 x 290 km x 70.4A[m[#:4]224NTV82112Cosmos-142118 Nov 1982T216 x 286 km x 70.4Aw[c[#:4]224NTV82114Cosmos-142203 Dec 1982P208 x 314 km x 73.0Am[Y[#:4]224NTV82117Cosmos-142416 Dec 1982T179 x 371 km x 64.9Ac[O[#:4]224NTV82119Cosmos-142523 Dec 1982T237 x 374 km x 70.0AY[E[#:4]224NTV82120Cosmos-142628 Dec 1982T209 x 377 km x 50.6AO[;[#:4]224NTV83005Cosmos-143827 Jan 1983T213 x 254 km x 70.4AE[1 [#:4]224NTV83007Cosmos-143906 Feb 1983T180 x 371 km x 70.4A;[' [#:4]224NTV83009Cosmos-144010 Feb 1983P223 x 293 km x 82.3A1 [ [#:4]224NTV83012Cosmos-144225 Feb 1983P180 x 364 km x 67.2A' [ [#:4]224NTV83014Cosmos-144402 Mar 1983P203 x 413 km x 72.9A [ [#:4]224NTV83018Cosmos-144616 Mar 1983T237 x 368 km x 70.0A [ [#:4]224NTV83024Cosmos-144931 Mar 1983P207 x 402 km x 72.9A [[#:4]224NTV83029Cosmos-145108 Apr 1983P194 x 264 km x 82.3, [[#:X4]202LRT83035Soyouz-T8 19 Apr 1983TA[@[#:4][@[vQ224NTV83036Cosmos-145422 Apr 1983P181 x 374 km x 67.2A[A[#:4]224NTV83039Cosmos-145726 Apr 1983T180 x 376 km x 70.4A@[B[#:4]224NTV83040Cosmos-145828 Apr 1983P220 x 275 km x 82.3AA[C[#:4]224NTV83043Cosmos-146006 May 1983T218 x 369 km x 70.3AB[D[#:4]224NTV83045Cosmos-146217 May 1983P224 x 318 km x 82.3AC[E[#:4]224NTV83050Cosmos-146626 May 1983T180 x 367 km x 64.9AD[F[#:4]224NTV83052Cosmos-146731 May 1983P209 x 389 km x 72.9AE[G[#:4]224NTV83055Cosmos-146807 Jun 1983P227 x 283 km x 82.3AF[H[#:4]224NTV83057Cosmos-146914 Jun 1983P211 x 377 km x 72.8,G[iI[#:X4]202LRT83062Soyouz-T9 27 Jun 1983TAH[_J[#:4]224NTV83064Cosmos-147128 Jun 1983P182 x 369 km x 67.2AiI[UK[#:4]224NTV83068Cosmos-147205 Jul 1983P197 x 264 km x 82.4A_J[KL[#:4]224NTV83071Cosmos-148213 Jul 1983T217 x 376 km x 70.0AUK[AM[#:4]224NTV83074Cosmos-148320 Jul 1983P227 x 305 km x 82.3AKL[7N[#:4]224NTV83076Cosmos-148526 Jul 1983P209 x 395 km x 72.9AAM[-O[#:4]224NTV83080Cosmos-148705 Aug 1983P226 x 305 km x 82.3A7N[/[#:4]224NTV83082Cosmos-148809 A-O[/[vQug 1983P208 x 397 km x 72.8A-O[%[#:4]224NTV83083Cosmos-148910 Aug 1983T182 x 323 km x 64.7-/[[#:Z4]224NTV83085Progress-1717 Aug 1983TA%[[#:4]224NTV83087Cosmos-149323 Aug 1983P207 x 396 km x 72.9A[[#:4]224NTV83092Cosmos-149502 Sep 1983P211 x 248 km x 82.3A[[#:4]224NTV83093Cosmos-149607 Sep 1983P182 x 362 km x 67.2A[߅[#:4]224NTV83095Cosmos-149709 Sep 1983P208 x 403 km x 72.8A[Ն[#:4]224NTV83096Cosmos-149814 Sep 1983P222 x 305 km x 82.3A߅[ˇ[#:4]224NTV83097Cosmos-149917 Sep 1983P208 x 396 km x 72.9AՆ[[#:4]224NTV83104Cosmos-150414 Oct 1983T180 x 323 km x 64.9-ˇ[[#:Z4]224NTV83106Progress-1820 Oct 1983TA[[#:4]224NTV83107Cosmos-150521 Oct 1983P210 x 377 km x 72.9A[[#:4]224NTV83112Cosmos-150917 Nov 1983P209 x 309 km x 72.9A[[#:4]224NTV83117Cosmos-151130 Nov 1983P181 x 368 km x 67.2A[{[#:4]224NTV83119Cosmos-151207 Dec 1983P208 x 392 km x 72.9A[q[#:4]224NTV83121Cosmos-151414 Dec 1983P226 x 288 km x 82.3A{[g[#:4]224NTV83124Cosmos-151627 Dec 1983T205 x 299 km x 65.0Aq[i[#:4]224Ng[i[vQTV84002Cosmos-153011 Jan 1984P206 x 391 km x 72.8Ag[_[#:4]224NTV84004Cosmos-153213 Jan 1984P178 x 382 km x 67.2Ai[U[#:4]224NTV84006Cosmos-153326 Jan 1984T235 x 382 km x 70.4-_[7[#:Z4]224NTV84014Soyouz T-1008 Feb 1984TAU[-[#:4]224NTV84017Cosmos-153716 Feb 1984P220 x 317 km x 82.4-7[[#:Z4]224NTV84018Progress-1921 Feb 1984TA-[[#:4]224NTV84020Cosmos-153928 Feb 1984P179 x 367 km x 67.1A[[#:4]224NTV84025Cosmos-154207 Mar 1984T236 x 373 km x 70.4A[[#:4]224NTV84026Cosmos-154310 Mar 1984P224 x 416 km x 62.8A[[#:4]224NTV84030Cosmos-154521 Mar 1984P208 x 396 km x 72.9/[[#F^4]2 &(BFH$Cosmos 26 Mar 1984Failure,[[#:X4]202LRT84032Soyouz-T1103 Apr 1984TA[[#:4]224NTV84036Cosmos-154810 Apr 1984P177 x 359 km x 67.1-[[#:Z4]224NTV84038Progress-2015 Apr 1984TA[[#:4]224NTV84040Cosmos-154919 Apr 1984P208 x 394 km x 72.9-[b[#:Z4]224NTV84042Progress-2107 May 1984TA[X[#:4]224NTV84044Cosmos-155111 May 1984P209 x 305 km x 72.9Ab[Z\#:4]224NTX[Z\vQV84045Cosmos-155214 May 1984T191 x 344 km x 64.9AX[P\#:4]224NTV84048Cosmos-155722 May 1984P221 x 276 km x 82.3AZ\F\#:4]224NTV84050Cosmos-155825 May 1984P178 x 318 km x 67.2-P\(\#:Z4]224NTV84051Progress-2228 May 1984TAF\\#:4]224NTV84054Cosmos-156801 Jun 1984P209 x 396 km x 72.8A(\\#:4]224NTV84058Cosmos-157111 Jun 1984T218 x 398 km x 70.0A\ \#:4]224NTV84060Cosmos-157215 Jun 1984P227 x 297 km x 82.4A\\#:4]224NTV84061Cosmos-157319 Jun 1984P209 x 317 km x 72.9A \\#:4]224NTV84064Cosmos-157522 Jun 1984P231 x 292 km x 82.3A\\#:4]224NTV84066Cosmos-157626 Jun 1984P180 x 376 km x 67.1A\ \#:4]224NTV84070Cosmos-158030 Jun 1984P249 x 367 km x 62.8,\ \#:X4]202LRT84073Soyouz-T1217 Jul 1984TA \ \#:4]224NTV84074Cosmos-158219 Jul 1984P227 x 308 km x 82.4A \ \#:4]224NTV84075Cosmos-158324 Jul 1984P209 x 388 km x 72.9A \ \#:4]224NTV84076Cosmos-158427 Jul 1984P193 x 268 km x 82.4A \\#:4]224NTV84077Cosmos-158531 Jul 1984T181 x 324 km x 64.8A \\#:4]224NTV84082Cosmos-158706 Aug 1984P209 x 394 km x 72.9-\@\#:Z4]2\@\vQ24NTV84086Progress-2314 Aug 1984TA\uA\#:4]224NTV84087Cosmos-159016 Aug 1984P221 x 293 km x 82.4A@\kB\#:4]224NTV84092Cosmos-159130 Aug 1984P220 x 300 km x 82.3AuA\aC\#:4]224NTV84094Cosmos-159204 Sep 1984P209 x 380 km x 72.9AkB\WD\#:4]224NTV84099Cosmos-159713 Sep 1984P219 x 272 km x 82.3AaC\ME\#:4]224NTV84102Cosmos-159925 Sep 1984P179 x 275 km x 67.2AWD\CF\#:4]224NTV84103Cosmos-160027 Sep 1984T215 x 404 km x 70.0AME\9G\#:4]224NTV84116Cosmos-160814 Nov 1984T195 x 248 km x 70.0ACF\/H\#:4]224NTV84117Cosmos-160914 Nov 1984P208 x 385 km x 73.0A9G\%I\#:4]224NTV84119Cosmos-161121 Nov 1984T181 x 326 km x 64.8A/H\J\#:4]224NTV84121Cosmos-161329 Nov 1984P209 x 382 km x 72.8A%I\K\#:4]224NTV85002Cosmos-161609 Jan 1985T180 x 381 km x 64.9AJ\L\#:4]224NTV85005Cosmos-162316 Jan 1985T216 x 405 km x 70.0AK\L\#:4]224NTV85012Cosmos-162806 Feb 1985P206 x 407 km x 72.8AL\M\#:4]224NTV85017Cosmos-163027 Feb 1985T182 x 357 km x 64.9AL\N\#:4]224NTV85019Cosmos-163201 Mar 1985P203 x 261 km x 72.9AM\O\#:4]224NTV85026Cosmos-164325 Mar 1985T190 x 300 km x 64.8AN\\#:4]O\\vQ224NTV85027Cosmos-164403 Apr 1985T217 x 398 km x 70.4AO\ׁ\#:4]224NTV85029Cosmos-164516 Apr 1985P223 x 411 km x 62.8A\͂\#:4]224NTV85031Cosmos-164719 Apr 1985P180 x 348 km x 67.1Aׁ\Ã\#:4]224NTV85032Cosmos-164825 Apr 1985P196 x 265 km x 82.3A͂\\#:4]224NTV85036Cosmos-164915 May 1985P208 x 396 km x 72.9AÃ\\#:4]224NTV85038Cosmos-165322 May 1985P222 x 322 km x 82.3A\\#:4]224NTV85039Cosmos-165423 May 1985T180 x 365 km x 64.0-\\#:Z4]224NTV85043Soyouz-T.1306 Jun 1985TA\}\#:4]224NTV85044Cosmos-165707 Jun 1985P195 x 313 km x 82.3A\s\#:4]224NTV85046Cosmos-165913 Jun 1985P210 x 379 km x 72.9-}\U\#:Z4]224NTV85051Progress-2421 Jun 1985TAs\K\#:4]224NTV85052Cosmos-166321 Jun 1985P227 x 298 km x 82.3AU\A\#:4]224NTV85054Cosmos-166426 Jun 1985P207 x 405 km x 72.9AK\7\#:4]224NTV85057Cosmos-166503 Jul 1985P208 x 316 km x 72.9AA\-\#:4]224NTV85059Cosmos-166710 Jul 1985P222 x 297 km x 82.3A7\#\#:4]224NTV85060Cosmos-166815 Jul 1985T216 x 297 km x 70.4--\\#:Z4]224NTV85062Cosmos-166919 Jul 1985T#\\vQA#\\#:4]224NTV85065Cosmos-167102 Aug 1985P210 x 310 km x 72.8A\\#:4]224NTV85067Cosmos-167207 Aug 1985P199 x 290 km x 82.3A\\#:4]224NTV85068Cosmos-167308 Aug 1985T204 x 294 km x 64.8A\\#:4]224NTV85072Cosmos-167616 Aug 1985P178 x 371 km x 67.2A\\#:4]224NTV85077Cosmos-167829 Aug 1985P196 x 311 km x 82.3A\\#:4]224NTV85078Cosmos-167929 Aug 1985T182 x 364 km x 64.9A\\#:4]224NTV85080Cosmos-168106 Sep 1985P216 x 261 km x 82.4,\\#:X4]202LRT85081Soyouz-T1417 Sep 1985TA\\#:4]224NTV85083Cosmos-168319 Sep 1985P208 x 399 km x 72.5A\\#:4]224NTV85085Cosmos-168526 Sep 1985P209 x 379 km x 72.9A\\#:4]224NTV85095Cosmos-169616 Oct 1985T230 x 281 km x 70.4A\\#:4]224NTV85101Cosmos-169925 Oct 1985P168 x 338 km x 67.1A\z\#:4]224NTV85106Cosmos-170213 Nov 1985P207 x 399 km x 72.8A\p\#:4]224NTV85111Cosmos-170503 Dec 1985P208 x 387 km x 72.8Az\f\#:4]224NTV85112Cosmos-170611 Dec 1985P178 x 360 km x 67.2Ap\\\#:4]224NTV85115Cosmos-170813 Dec 1985P197 x 313 km x 82.3Af\^]#:4]224NT\\^]vQV85120Cosmos-171327 Dec 1985P224 x 419 km x 62.8A\\T]#:4]224NTV86001Cosmos-171508 Jan 1986P207 x 317 km x 72.8A^]J]#:4]224NTV86004Cosmos-172415 Jan 1986P179 x 358 km x 67.2AT]@]#:4]224NTV86009Cosmos-172828 Jan 1986T214 x 305 km x 70.0AJ]6]#:4]224NTV86012Cosmos-173004 Feb 1986P194 x 300 km x 72.9A@],]#:4]224NTV86013Cosmos-173107 Feb 1986T232 x 312 km x 64.7A6]"]#:4]224NTV86020Cosmos-173426 Feb 1986P167 x 345 km x 67.1,,]]#:X4]202LRT86022Soyouz-T1513 Mar 1986T-"]]#:Z4]224NTV86023Progress-2519 Mar 1986TA]]#:4]224NTV86028Cosmos-173909 Apr 1986T182 x 352 km x 64.9A] ]#:4]224NTV86029Cosmos-174015 Apr 1986P208 x 396 km x 72.9-] ]#:Z4]224NTV86032Progress-2623 Apr 1986TA ] ]#:4]224NTV86033Cosmos-174214 May 1986P209 x 388 km x 73.0, ] ]#:X4]202LRT86035Soyouz-TM121 May 1986TA ] ]#:4]224NTV86036Cosmos-174421 May 1986P227 x 395 km x 62.8A ]v]#:4]224NTV86040Cosmos-174628 May 1986P195 x 308 km x 82.3A ]l]#:4]224NTV86041Cosmos-174729 May 1986T217 x 420 km x 70.4Av]n@]#:4]224Nl]n@]vQTV86043Cosmos-175606 Jun 1986T173 x 343 km x 64.9Al]dA]#:4]224NTV86045Cosmos-175711 Jun 1986P189 x 252 km x 82.3An@]ZB]#:4]224NTV86048Cosmos-176019 Jun 1986T218 x 421 km x 70.0AdA]PC]#:4]224NTV86051Cosmos-176210 Jul 1986P196 x 304 km x 82.6AZB]FD]#:4]224NTV86053Cosmos-176417 Jul 1986T182 x 368 km x 64.9APC]_#F4]2ex68RXZ89040Cosmos 202501 Jun 1989P180 x 350 km x 62.8C@_<_#F4]2ex68RXZ89047Cosmos 202816 Jun 1989T210 x 290 km x 70.0B>_9 _#F4]2z946PVX89049Resurs F0227 Jun 1989P195 x 260 km x 82.6C<_7 _#F4]2ex68RXZ89051Cosmos 202905 Jul 1989P190 x 270 km x 82.3C9 _5 _#F4]2ex68RXZ89054Cosmos 203012 Jul 1989P170 x 350 km x 67.2B7 _2 _#F4]2{946PVX89055Resurs F0318 Jul 1989P260 x 275 km x 82.6C5 _0 _#F4]2ex68RXZ89056Cosmos 203118 Jul 1989T250 x 350 km x 50.6C2 _._#F4]2ex68RXZ89057Cosmos 203220 Jul 1989P180 x 360 km x 82.3C0 _,_#F4]2ex68RXZ89060Cosmos 203502 Aug 1989P190 x 270 km x 82.6B._5@_#F4]2|946PVX89063Resurs F04,_5@_vQ15 Aug 1989P190 x 260 km x 82.3C,_3A_#F4]2ex68RXZ89065Cosmos 203622 Aug 1989P260 x 300 km x 62.8-5@_B_#:Z4]224NTV89066Progress-M123 Aug 1989T,3A_B_#:X4]202LRT89071Soyouz-TM805 Sep 1989TCB_C_#F4]2}968RXZ89073Resurs F05 06 Sep 1989P190 x 260 km x 82.3CB_D_#F4]2fx68RXZ89075Cosmos 204415 Sep 1989P210 x 270 km x 82.3CC_E_#F4]2fx68RXZ89076Cosmos 204522 Sep 1989T210 x 320 km x 70.0CD_F_#F4]2fx68RXZ89082Cosmos 204703 Oct 1989P170 x 280 km x 67.2CE_G_#F4]2fx68RXZ89083Cosmos 204817 Oct 1989P250 x 270 km x 62.8CF_H_#F4]2fx68RXZ89088Cosmos 204917 Nov 1989T223 x 270 km x 64.8CG_I_#F4]2)fx68RXZ89095Cosmos 205230 Nov 1989P175 x 370 km x 67.2-H_J_#:Z4]224NTV89099Progress-M220 Dec 1989TCI_K_#F4]2,fx68RXZ90003Cosmos 205517 Jan 1990P249 x 321 km x 62.8CJ_L_#F4]2.fx68RXZ90009Cosmos 205725 Jan 1990P185 x 332 km x 62.8,K_M_#:X4]202LRT90014Soyouz-TM911 Feb 1990T-L_N_#:Z4]224NTV90020Progress-M328 Feb 1990TCM_O_#F4]2Tfx68RXZ90024Cosmos 206222 Mar 1990P241 x 375 km x 82.3@N__#:4]2O__vQ02LRT90032Photon-3 11 Apr 1990P218 x 376 km x 62.8CO__#F4]2fx68RXZ90033Cosmos 207213 Apr 1990T183 x 253 km x 64.8C__#F4]2fx68RXZ90035Cosmos 207317 Apr 1990P232 x 297 km x 82.4-_f_#:Z4]224NTV90041Progress-4205 May 1990TA_\_#:4]224NTV90042Cosmos-207707 May 1990P184 x 329 km x 62.8Af_R_#:4]224NTV90044Cosmos-207815 May 1990T213 x 278 km x 70.0C\_P_#F4]2~968RXZ90047Resurs F06 29 May 1990P259 x 273 km x 82.4AR_F_#:4]224NTV90053Cosmos-208319 Jun 1990P298 x 410 km x 82.6=P_>_#Fz4]2hT*,FLN90058Gamma11 Jul 1990T420 x 440 km x 51.6BF_;_#F4]2946PVX90060Resurs F0717 Jul 1990P200 x 280 km x 82.3A>_1_#:4]224NTV90062Cosmos-208620 Jul 1990P191 x 258 km x 82.3-;__#:Z4]224NTV90067Soyouz-TM1001 Aug 1990TA1_ _#:4]224NTV90069Cosmos-208903 Aug 1990P196 x 342 km x 62.8-__#:Z4]224NTV90072Progress-M415 Aug 1990TB __#F4]2946PVX90073Resurs F0816 Aug 1990P260 x 270 km x 82.3A_ގ_#:4]224NTV90080Cosmos-209931 Aug 1990P191 x 258 km x 82.3B_ۏ_#F4]2946PVX90082Resurs F0907 Sep 1990P180 x 238 km x 82.5-ގ__#:Z4]ۏ__vQ224NTV90085Progress-M527 Sep 1990TAۏ__#:4]224NTV90087Cosmos-210101 Oct 1990P210 x 290 km x 64.7A__#:4]224NTV90092Cosmos-210216 Oct 1990P190 x 360 km x 62.8A__#:4]224NTV90098Cosmos-210416 Nov 1990P247 x 387 km x 62.8-__#:Z4]224NTV90107Soyouz-TM1102 Dec 1990TC__#F4]2&x68RXZ90109Cosmos 210804 Dec 1990P196 x 339 km x 62.8A__#:4]224NTV90113Cosmos-211321 Dec 1990T189 x 307 km x 64.8A_w_#:4]224NTV90115Cosmos-212026 Dec 1990P188 x 253 km x 82.6-_Y_#:Z4]224NTV91002Progress-M614 Jan 1991TAw_O_#:4]224NTV91004Cosmos-212117 Jan 1991P177 x 275 km x 82.6AY_E_#:4]224NTV91008Cosmos-212407 Feb 1991P180 x 290 km x 62.8AO_;_#:4]224NTV91011Cosmos-213415 Feb 1991T190 x 310 km x 64.7AE_1_#:4]224NTV91016Cosmos-213607 Mar 1991P257 x 336 km x 62.9-;__#:Z4]224NTV91020Progress-M719 Mar 1991TA1_ _#:4]224NTV91023Cosmos-213826 Mar 1991P190 x 330 km x 67.1-__#:Z4]224NTV91034Soyouz-TM1218 May 1991TB _ `#F4]2746PVX91035Resurs F1021 May 1991P230 x 230 km x 82.3_ `vQA_`#:4]224NTV91036Cosmos-214924 May 1991P180 x 380 km x 67.1- ``#:Z4]224NTV91038Progress-M830 May 1991TB``#F4]2746PVX91044Resurs F1128 Jun 1991P260 x 270 km x 82.3A``#:4]224NTV91048Cosmos-215209 Jul 1991P190 x 270 km x 82.3A``#:4]224NTV91049Cosmos-215310 Jul 1991T190 x 290 km x 64.9B``#F4]2746PVX91052Resurs F1223 Jul 1991P260 x 260 km x 82.3-``#:Z4]224NTV91057Progress-M920 Aug 1991TB``#F4]2746PVX91058Resurs F1321 Aug 1991P230 x 230 km x 82.3A``#:4]224NTV91066Cosmos-215619 Sep 1991P190 x 360 km x 67.1-` `#:Z4]224NTV91069Soyouz-TM1302 Oct 1991T@`v `#:4]202LRT91070Photon-4 04 Oct 1991P220 x 410 km x 62.8A `l `#:4]224NTV91071Cosmos-216309 Oct 1991T170 x 330 km x 64.8.v `O `#:\4]246PVX91073Progress-M1017 Oct 1991TAl `E `#:4]224NTV91078Cosmos-217120 Nov 1991P200 x 340 km x 62.8AO `;`#:4]224NTV91085Cosmos-217417 Dec 1991T200 x 330 km x 64.9AE `1`#:4]224NTV92001Cosmos-217521 Jan 1992P170 x 370 km x 67.1.;` @`#:\4]246PVX92004Progress-M111` @`vQ25 Jan 1992T-1`A`#:Z4]224NTV92014Soyouz-TM1417 Mar 1992TA @`A`#:4]224NTV92016Cosmos-218201 Apr 1992P165 x 330 km x 67.2AA`B`#:4]224NTV92018Cosmos-218308 Apr 1992T190 x 290 km x 64.9.A`C`#:\4]246PVX92022Progress-M1219 Apr 1992TBB`D`#F4]2746PVX92024Resurs F1429 Apr 1992P230 x 230 km x 82.1AC`E`#:4]224NTV92025Cosmos-218529 Apr 1992T205 x 315 km x 70.0AD`F`#:4]224NTV92029Cosmos-218628 May 1992P195 x 350 km x 62.9BE`G`#F4]2746PVX92033Resurs F1523 Jun 1992P230 x 230 km x 82.3.F`H`#:\4]246PVX92035Progress-M1330 Jun 1992TAG`I`#:4]224NTV92045Cosmos-220324 Jul 1992P190 x 310 km x 62.8-H`rJ`#:Z4]224NTV92046Soyouz-TM1527 Jul 1992TAI`hK`#:4]224NTV92048Cosmos-220730 Jul 1992P230 x 310 km x 82.3.rJ`KL`#:\4]246PVX92055Progress-M1416 Aug 1992TBhK`HM`#F4]2746PVX92056Resurs F1619 Aug 1992P190 x 260 km x 82.6AKL`>N`#:4]224NTV92062Cosmos-221022 Aug 1992P175 x 380 km x 67.2?HM`2O`#:~4]2.0JPR92065Foton-5 08 Oct 1992P230 x 380 km x 62.8.>N`!`#:\4]246PVX92071Progress-M152O`!`vQ27 Oct 1992TB2O``#F4]2㹾46PVX92075Resurs 50017 Nov 1992P180 x 300 km x 82.6C!``#F4]2+x68RXZ92077Cosmos 222020 Nov 1992P180 x 370 km x 67.2C``#F4]2+x68RXZ92087Cosmos 222309 Dec 1992T190 x 300 km x 64.7A``#:4]224NTV92091Cosmos-222522 Dec 1992T210 x 310 km x 64.9A``#:4]224NTV92095Cosmos-222929 Dec 1992P220 x 380 km x 62.8C``#F4]2 ,x68RXZ93004Cosmos 223119 Jan 1993P180 x 370 km x 67.2-``#:Z4]224NTV93005Soyouz-TM1624 Jan 1993T.`ɇ`#:\4]246PVX93012Progress-M1621 Feb 1993T.``#:\4]246PVX93019Progress-M1731 Mar 1993TCɇ``#F4]2>,x68RXZ93021Cosmos 224002 Apr 1993P200 x 340 km x 62.8C``#F4]27,x68RXZ93028Cosmos 224327 Apr 1993T190 x 250 km x 70.3B``#F4]2746PVX93033Resurs F1721 May 1993P240 x 240 km x 82.6.``#:\4]246PVX93034Progress-M1822 May 1993TB``#F4]2746PVX93040Resurs F1825 Jun 1993P230 x 230 km x 82.6-`g`#:Z4]224NTV93043Soyouz-TM1701 Jul 1993TC`e`#F4]2h,x68RXZ93045Cosmos 225914 Jul 1993P170 x 370 km x 67.2Cg`o`#F4]2,x68Re`o`vQXZ93047Cosmos 226022 Jul 1993P240 x 300 km x 82.3.e`R`#:\4]246PVX93052Progress-M1910 Aug 1993TBo`O`#F4]2746PVX93053Resurs F1924 Aug 1993P230 x 230 km x 82.6CR`M`#F4]2,x68RXZ93057Cosmos 226207 Sep 1993T200 x 320 km x 64.9.O`0`#:\4]246PVX93064Progress-M2011 Oct 1993TCM`.`#F4]2,x68RXZ93071Cosmos 226705 Nov 1993T250 x 280 km x 70.4-0``#:Z4]224NTV94001Soyouz-TM1808 Jan 1994T..``#:\4]246PVX94005Progress-M2128 Jan 1994TC``#F4]2,x68RXZ94018Cosmos 227417 Mar 1994P176 x 371 km x 67.1.``#:\4]246PVX94019Progress-M2222 Mar 1994TC``#F4]2,x68RXZ94025Cosmos 228028 Apr 1994T245 x 305 km x 70.4.``#:\4]246PVX94031Progress-M2322 May 1994TC``#F4]2,x68RXZ94032Cosmos 228107 Jun 1994P236 x 292 km x 82.6@``#F4]2eN 02LRT94033Foton 0914 Jun 1994P229 x 385 km x 62.8-``#:Z4]224NTV94036Soyouz-TM1901 Jul 1994TC``#F4]2,x68RXZ94042Cosmos 228320 Jul 1994P179 x 356 km x 67.1C``#F4]2,x68RXZ94044Cosmos 228429 Jul 1994T206 x 296 km x 70.4.`{a#:\4]2`{avQ46PVX94052Progress-M2425 Aug 1994T-`]a#:Z4]224NTV94063Soyouz-TM2003 Oct 1994T.{a@a#:\4]246PVX94075Progress-M2511 Nov 1994TC]a>a#F4]2t4x68RXZ94088Cosmos 230529 Dec 1994T240 x 297 km x 64.9.@a!a#:\4]246PVX95005Progress-M2615 Feb 1995T@>aa#F4]2L 02LRT95006Foton 1016 Feb 1995P228 x 391 km x 62.8-!aa#:Z4]224NTV95010Soyouz-TM2114 Mar 1995TCaa#F4]22x68RXZ95014Cosmos 231122 Mar 1995P178 x 359 km x 67.2.aa#:\4]246PVX95020Progress-M2709 Apr 1995TCaa#F4]22x68RXZ95031Cosmos 231428 Jun 1995P177 x 368 km x 67.1.a a#:\4]246PVX95036Progress-M2820 Jul 1995T-a a#:Z4]224NTV95047Soyouz-TM2203 Sep 1995TB a a#F4]2*846PVX95050Resurs F2026 Sep 1995P231 x 235 km x 82.3C a a#F4]2!3x68RXZ95051Cosmos 232029 Sep 1995P242 x 3.2 km x 64.9. a a#:\4]246PVX95053Progress-M2908 Oct 1995T. aca#:\4]246PVX95070Progress-M3018 Dec 1995T- aEa#:Z4]224NTV96011Soyouz-TM2321 Feb 1996TCcaO@a#F4]2C3x68RXZEaO@avQ96016Cosmos 233114 Mar 1996P164 x 355 km x 67.1.Ea2Aa#:\4]246PVX96028Progress-M3105 May 1996T/O@aBa#F^4]2$&@FH$n/aCosmos14 May 1996TFailure/2AaCa#F^4]2$&@FH$n/aCosmos21 Jun 1996PFailure.BaCa#:\4]246PVX96043Progress-M3231 Jul 1996T-CaDa#:Z4]224NTV96047Soyouz-TM2417 Aug 1996T.CaEa#:\4]246PVX96066Progress-M3319 Nov 1996T=DaFa#:z4]2*,FLN96073Bion-1124 Dec 1996P217 x 379 km x 90.5.EaGa#:\4]246PVX97014Progress-M3406 Apr 1997T/FamHa#F^4]2p3x68RXZ97024Cosmos 234315 May 1997T1Ga_Ia#Rb4]2"u3x&8:V\^97080Cosmos 234815 Dec 1997P3mHaYJa#^f4]2"3x&<>Z`b98038Cosmos 235824 Jun 1998P3_IaSKa#^f4]2(3x&<>Z`b98039Cosmos 235925 Jun 1998T=YJaTLa#Xz4]2"3x&:<ntv98045Cosmos 236028 Jul 1998 at 9:15 UTT&SKazLa# 1TLaLa1WLaLa%MaT+zLaLa) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&La%Ma# 7La\Ma1\MaMalaShavitC%MaMa5 : " ShavitD\MaMa* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraL%Ma/Na' J Origin: Jericho ballistic missiles. Maia$ The developpement of the first Israeli ballistic missile named Jericho started in the early sixties. This rocket would have been designed with the help of the French company Dassault-Breguet which was studying the MD-600 ballistic missiles at that time. After the French export embargo of armement to Israel in 1967 the developpement would have been continued by Israel Defense Industries with internal technology. Jericho 1 wen/Naia%Mat operational in 1973. It was apparently a single stage solid missile range approx. 500 km./Naqa% Its follow up Jericho 2 was 2-stage. It would have been designed in in seventies and first launched in 1986. The Jericho 3 was 12 m long and 1.2 m diameter. It would have been capable of launching 1 ton at 1500 km distance.Biaa' 6 Shavit launchers (Comet)qaƃa$ We still only have few details on Shavit. It is a 3-stage solid launcher whose 2 first stages are inherited from Jericho 2. The third stage was built by Raphael. The two first stages have a composit structure. They are identical and weigh approx. 13 tons. The third stage is spherical, with a titanium structure. It weighs 2 tons and its 60 kN motor burns during 92.5 seconds. The equipement case with its rotation table is located under the third stage and is jettisoned before its ignition.b)a(a9 @SfffThe Shavit launches take place from the Palmahim air force base, south of Tel Aviv. The launches have a 143 degrees inclination to avoid launching above neighboring countries. This conditions restricts satellisation capabilities: Offek 1 and Offek 2 launched in Sep 1988 and Apr 1990 weighed ~160 kg while Offek 3 launched in Apr 1995 weighed 225 kg.Israel had proposed, with no success, a commercial version of the Shavit named Next. Nowadays another derivative with a fourth stage for a more precise orbit injection is proposed for export.9ƃaaa' $ Shavit launchesk(a~a#44]y]   $ : X hj #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period))aa\a#:R4]y] ,.HJN188087Offek 119 Sep 1998(~a9a#:P4]y] ,.FHL290027Offek 23 Apr 19902\a&a#Fd4]y] $&* 3FTO??unofficial launch failure49aa#:h4]y] ,.^`d495018Offek 35 Apr 1995 at 11:16 UT R&aa#F4]y] (*\^p 5FTOOffek 422 Jan 1998 at 13:00 UT3-stageFailure: second stage?P-ala# ZAll launches from Palamchim Air Force Base6aa1&a(aaStartB laa5 : " StartDa(a* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serraa*a+ $The development of powder ballistic missiles started in 1958 in Russia. It was carried out by a division created by Korolev (today NPO Soyouz) directed by I. Sadovsky and after 1966 by A.D. Nadiradze. The first ICBM was the 3-stage RS-12 (SS-13 Savage) with metallic structure. Only 60 items were produced. Two mobile missiles were then derived from it: the SS-14 which used the 2 upper stages of the SS-13 and the SS-15 which refurbished the first and third stage.n(aa/ , In the seventies the RS-14 ICBM (SS-16 Sinner) was a much improved version of the RS-12, especially for the reeled structure and the guidance. This ICBM was not deplo*aalayed following the SALT agreements. The RSD-10 IRBM (SS-20 Sabre) produced to replace the aging SS-4 and SS-5 were deployed (up to 378 operational) before being retrieved with the INF agreements.Origin: Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) of fith generationAt the beginning of the eighties the NPO Soyouz designed a new mobile ICBM named RS-12M Topol (SS-25 Sickle) to replace old launching silos. This fith generation missile which was operational in 1985 is the biggest mobile strategic missile of the CIS. According to the Russians the SS-25 is derived from the SS-13. With 3 stages it is 18.5 m long, 1.8 m diameter and weighs about 40 tons. It can send a 1 ton payload to more than 10000 km.*aa0 .- The Start launcherThe first version Start 1 is a 4-stage launcher which 3 first stages are derived from the SS-25. it is 22.7 m high, weighs 47 tons at takeoff and can deliver 300 kg on polar orbit ot 500 kg in equatorial orbit. It was tested only once in March 1993.The Start offered for commercial flights has an additional stage: an improved version of SS-20's second stage is inserted between the first and second stage. The whole is then 29 m high and 60 tons. It can put 450 kg in polar orbit. It's first launch in March 1995 failed. An agreement with Akjuit Aerospace (Canada) was signed to launch vehicles from SpacePort Canada from late 1998.8aa' " Start launcheskaa#44]y]   $ : X hj #Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)Haa#F4]y] \02LN`193014Start 125 Mar 19934-stagelaunched from Plesetsk?va0a#b4]y] * ډ- HJdfx 2FTOTechsat 1Unamsat 128 Mar 19955-stageFailure cause: 5th stage failedlaunched from Plesetsk;a,a#Rv4]y] "JiU,.^`r397010Zeya4 Mar 1997 at 2:00 UT4-stage<0a)a#Rx4]y] "^`B8:npt497085Early Bird24 Dec 1997 at 13:32 UTiF,aa# All launches from Svobodny (51.2 N 128.0 E) unless otherwise stated4)aa1aamaSTS@ aa5 :u@" STSaa+ ${ Space Transport SystemAmerican space Shutle programThe orbiter is 45 m long, 14.4 m wide and weights 67.5 t. It can carry 8 persons and a 29 t bay. It is launched with a 700 t tank.<a*a' *O External resourcesCama' 8http://shuttle.nasa.gov/1*aa1Ua>bbbY#maa6 b#.㥜㦜㧜㨜㩜㪜㫜㬜㭜"$'(*VOPQRD(pSDT>DUせDxJDyuDzD{|}~〛㬛(㣛㤛㥛㦛㧛㨛㩛㪛㫛כΛϛЛћқӛԛ՛֛(Ta>bma-$%&'()*+,XOPQRSTUWボz}STS 01STS 02STS 03STS 04STS 05STS 06STS 07STS 08STS 09STS 11STS 13STS 16STS 17STS 19STS 20STS 23STS 24STS 25STS 26STS 26RSTS 27STS 27RSTS 28STS 28RSTS 29STS 30STS 30RSTS 31STS 31RSTS 32STS 32RSTS 33STS 33RSTS 34STS 35STS 36STS 37STS 38STS 39STS 40STS 41STS 42STS 43STS 44STS 45STS 46STS 47STS 48STS 49STS 50STS 51STS 52STS 53STS 54STS 55STS 56STS 57STS 58STS 59STS 60STS 61STS 62STS 63STS 64STS 65STS 66STS 67STS 68STS 69STS 70STS 71STS 72STS 73STS 74STS 75STS 76STS 77STS 78STS 79STS 80STS 81STS 82STS 83STS 84STS 85STS 86STS 87STS 89STS 90STS 91STS 94$abb" 7>bb13obbbSTS 01Cbbb5 :u@" STS 011 b b'  GeneralTbabA#R&Launch id81034\ bbA#R6Launch date12 Apr 1981g&ab$bA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AVbzbA#R*TypeColumbia #01d"$bbB#TDCrewJohn YoungRobert Crippen]zb;bA#R8Landing date14 Apr 1981YbbA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQ;bbA#R PayloadnoneQ+b6b& VFlight of 54 h 20 min 52 sDFI mission<brb' * External resourceslE6bb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-1/mission-sts-1.html7rb b1^ bX b bSTS 02CbX b5 :u@" STS 021  b b'  GeneralTX b bA#R&Launch id81111\ b9 bA#R6Launch date12 Nov 1981g& b bA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AV9 b bA#R*TypeColumbia #02e# b[ bB#TFCrewRichard TrulyJoseph Engle] b bA#R8Landing date14 Nov 1981Y[ b bA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQ bb bA#R Payloadnone{U b b& Flight of 54 h 13 min 12 s. The flight was shortenOSTA 1 mission: 7 experiences<b b b' *O External resourceslE b b' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-2/mission-sts-2.html7 b b1Ooˀ b bBbSTS 03C b b5 :u@" STS 031 b0b'  GeneralT bbA#R&Launch id82022\0bbA#R6Launch date22 Mar 1982g&bGbA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AVbbA#R*TypeColumbia #03h&Gb@bB#TLCrewJack LousmaCharles Fullerb@b bton]bn@bA#R8Landing date30 Mar 1982]@b@bA#R8Landing siteWhite SandsQn@bAbA#R PayloadnoneO)@bkAb& RFlight of 8 days 5 minOSS 1 mission<AbAb' * External resourceslEkAbBb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-3/mission-sts-3.html7AbJBb1DIJBbBbFbSTS 04CBbBb5 :u@" STS 041 JBbBb'  GeneralTBbCbA#R&Launch id82065\BbnCbA#R6Launch date27 Jun 1982g&CbCbA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AVnCb+DbA#R*TypeColumbia #04l*CbDbB#TTCrewThomas MattinglyHenry Harstfield\+DbDbA#R6Landing date4 Jul 1982YDbLEbA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQDbEbA#R Payloadnone[5LEbEb& jFlight of 7 days 1 h 9 min 39 sDoD 82-1 mission<Eb4Fb' * External resourceslEEbFb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-4/mission-sts-4.html74FbFb1rˀFbGb[KbSTS 05CFbGb5 :u@" STS 051 FbKGb'  GeneralTGbGbA#R&Launch id82110\KGbGbA#R6Launch date11 Nov 1982_GbZHbA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralVGbHbA#R*TypeColumbia #05@ZHb4IbD#XCrewVance BrandRobert OvermyerJoseph AllenWilliam Lenoir]HbIbA#R8Landing date16 Nov 1982Y4IbIbA#R0Landing siteEdwardsq#Ib[JbN#lF*=HWQQPayloadB: SBS 3C: Anik C3X4IbJb$ hFirst operational flight: 5 days 2 h 14 min 25 s<[JbJb' *O External resourceslEJb[Kb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-5/mission-sts-5.html7JbKb1IKbKbDbSTS 06C[KbKb5 :u@" STS 061 KbLb'  GeneralTKbZLbA#R&Launch id83026[LbLbA#R4Launch date4 Apr 1983_ZLbMbA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralXLblMbA#R.TypeChallenger #01>MbMbD#X|CrewDonald PetersonStory MusgravePaul WeitzKarol Bobko\lMbJNbA#R6Landing date9 Apr 1983YMbNbA#R0Landing siteEdwards^JNbObG#^.OMPayloadB: TDRS 1iNbOb& Flight of 5 days 24 min 32 sMusgrave and Peterson worked 3 h 50 min in space to simulate repairings<ObOb' *O External resourceslEObDb' http://www.kObDb[Kbsc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-6/mission-sts-6.html7Ob{b1{bbObSTS 07CDbb5 :u@" STS 071 {bb'  GeneralTbCbA#R&Launch id83059\bbA#R6Launch date18 Jun 1983_CbbA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralXbVbA#R.TypeChallenger #02mbbE#ZCrewRobert CrippenFrederik HauckSally Ride (first american woman in space)Normand ThagardJohn Fabian]VbebA#R8Landing date24 Jun 1983YbbA#R0Landing siteEdwardsLeb_bU#z8QQ2:9b竉PayloadB: Anik C2C: Palapa B1D: Spas 1 (launched and retrieved)H$bb$ HFlight of 6 days 2 h 24 min 10 s<_bb' *O External resourceslEbOb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-7/mission-sts-7.html7bb1ibɅbbSTS 08CObɅb5 :u@" STS 081 bb'  GeneralTɅbNbA#R&Launch id83089\bbA#R6Launch date30 Aug 1983_Nb bA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralXbabA#R.TypeChallenger #03W bbE#ZCrewRichard TrulyDaniel BrandensteinDale GardnerGruion BlufordWilliam Thornton\abYbA#R6Landing date5 Sep 1983YbbA#R0Landing siteEdwards`YbbG#^2tG@cPayloadB: Insat 1BG#bYb$ FFlight of 6 days 1 h 8 min 40 s<bb' *O External resourceslEYbb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-8/mission-sts-8.html7b8b1b8b{bbSTS 09Cb{b5 :u@" STS 0998bb# ,Also called STS 41A1 {bb'  GeneralTb9bA#R&Launch id83116\bbA#R6Launch date28 Nov 1983g&9bbA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AVbRbA#R*TypeColumbia #06ebbF#\CrewJohn YoungBrewster ShawOwen GarriottRobert ParkerByron LichtenbergUlf Merbold (Germany)\RbYbA#R6Landing date8 Dec 1983YbbA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQYbbA#R PayloadnonekEbnb& Flight of 10 days 7 h 47 minSpacelab 1 mission (70 experiences)<bb' *O External resourceslEnbb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-9/mission-sts-9.html7bMb1AMbbbSTS 11Cbb5 :u@" STS 119Mbɏb# ,Also called STS 41B1 b b'  Generalɏb bbTɏb`bA#R&Launch id84011[ bbA#R4Launch date3 Feb 1984_`bbA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralXbrbA#R.TypeChallenger #04Rb bE#ZCrewVance BrandRobert GibsonRonald Mc NairBruce Mc CandlessRobert Stewart]rbfbA#R8Landing date11 Feb 1984` bbA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralJfbebU#z8/~3:9PayloadB: Westar 6C: IRT (launched and retrieved)D: Palapa B2vbb& Flight of 7 days 23 h 17 minFirst free flight for Mc Candless and Stewart with the Manned Manoeuvring Unit (MMU)<eb=b' *O External resourcesjCbb' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/41-b/mission-41-b.html7=bb1b݃b!bbSTS 13Cb!b5 :u@" STS 139bZb# ,Also called STS 41C1 !bb'  GeneralTZbbA#R&Launch id84034[b:bA#R4Launch date6 Apr 1984_bbA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralX:bbA#R.TypeChallenger #05PbbE#ZCrewRobert CrippenFrancis ScobeeTerry HartGeorge NelsonJames Van Hoften]bbA#R8Landing date13 Apr 1984YbLanding siteCape CanaveralYcAcG#^$UdPUPayloadERBSL&cc& LFlight of 8 days 5 h 23 minSIR C<Acc' *O External resourcesjCc3c' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/41-g/mission-41-g.html7cjc1Nхjcc cSTS 19C3cc5 :u@" STS 199jcc# ,Also called STS 51A1 cc'  GeneralTckcA#R&Launch id84113[ccA#R4Launch date8 Nov 1984_kc%cA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWc|cA#R,TypeDiscovery #02J%c cE#ZCrewFrederik HauckJoseph AllenDavid WalkerDale GardnerAnna Fisher]|chcA#R8Landing date16 Nov 1984` ccA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveralt&hc<cN#lL*QQ!AgPayloadB: Anik D2C: Leasat 1c$ c9 @_3:9/"Flight of 7 days 23 h 45 minPalapa B2 and Westar 6 are brought back on Earth (were placed on a bad orbit by STS 11). Operation financed by the insurance companies.<<c` c' *O External resourcesjC$ c c' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-a/mission-51-a.html7` c c1 cD ccSTS 20C cD c5 :u@" STS 209 c} c# ,Also called STS 51C1 D c c'  GeneralT} c cA#R&Launch id85010\ c^ cA#R6Launch date24 Jan 1985_ c cA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralW^ c cA#R,TypeDiscovery #03P c cE#ZCrewThomas MattinglyLoren ShriverEllison OnizukaJames BuchliGary Payton] c cA#R8Landing date27 Jan 1985` cf cA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral_ c cG#^0㷫뉂PayloadB: USA 008R,f cc& XFlight of 3 days 1 h 33 minDoD mission< cSc' *O External resourcesjCcc' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-c/mission-51-c.html7Scc1c7cCcSTS 23Cc7c5 :u@" STS 239cpc# ,Also called STS 51D1 7cc'  GeneralTpc @cA#R&Launch id85028c @cc\ch@cA#R6Launch date12 Apr 1985_ @c@cA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWh@cAcA#R,TypeDiscovery #04u@cAcG#^CrewKarol BobkoDonald WilliamsDavid GriggsMargaret SeddonJeffrey HoffmanDavid Mc WalkerJack Garn (senator)]Ac7BcA#R8Landing date19 Apr 1985`AcBcA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveralt&7Bc CcN#lL*QQ#AgPayloadB: Anik C1C: Leasat 3I%BcTCc$ JFlight of 6 days 23 h 55 min 20 s< CcCc' *O External resourcesjCTCcCc' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-d/mission-51-d.html7Cc1Dc11DctDc9IcSTS 24CCctDc5 :u@" STS 2491DcDc# ,Also called STS 51B1 tDcDc'  GeneralTDc2EcA#R&Launch id85034\DcEcA#R6Launch date29 Apr 1985_2EcEcA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralXEcEFcA#R.TypeChallenger #07rEcFcG#^CrewRobert OvermyerFrederik GregoryDon LindWilliam ThorntonTaylor WangNorman ThagardLodewijk Vandenberg\EFcZGcA#R6Landing date6 May 1985YFcGcA#R0Landing siteEdwardsJZGc?HcB#TPayloadB: Nusat 1 (radar calibration?)C: Glomr (couldn't be ejected)T.GcHc& \Flight of 7 days 8 minSpacelab 3 mission<?HcHc' *O External resourcesjCHc9Ic' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-b/mission-51-b.html7HcpIc15օpIcIcNcSTS 25C9IcIc5 :u@" STS 259pIcIc# ,Also called STS 51G1 IcJc'  GeneralTIcqJcA#R&Launch id85048\JcJcA#R6Launch date17 Jun 1985_qJc,KcA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWJcKcA#R,TypeDiscovery #05,KcRLcH#^CrewDaniel BrandesteinJohn CreightonJohn FabianShannon LucidSteven NagelPatrick Baudry (France)Sultan Al Saud (Saudi Arabia)]KcLcA#R8Landing date24 Jun 1985YRLcMcA#R0Landing siteEdwardseLcMc\#FF5鉂Ƶ/̸~PayloadB: Morelos 1C: Arabsat 1BD: Telstar 303E: Spartan 101 (launched and retrieved)H$McNc$ HFlight of 7 days 1 h 38 min 53 s<McMNc' *O External resourcesjCNcNc' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-g/mission-51-g.html7MNcNc1KNc1Oc^cSTS 26CNc1Oc5 :u@" STS 269NcjOc# ,Also called STS 51F1 1OcOc'  GeneralTjOc cA#R&Launch id85063Oc cNc\OchcA#R6Launch date29 Jul 1985_ cǀcA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralXhccA#R.TypeChallenger #08gǀćcG#^CrewStory MusgraveAntony EnglandJohn BartoeRoy BridgesKarl HeniseLoren ActonGordon Fullerton\c)cA#R6Landing date6 Aug 1985ÝccA#R0Landing siteEdwardsl+)ccA#RVPayloadB: PDP (launched and retrieved)cc' GFlight of 7 days 22 h 45 min 26 s. One of the 3 main motors stopped after 5 min 45 s. The shuttle was orbited 70 km below the nominal orbitSpacelab 2 mission<cc' *O External resourcesjCc^c' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-f/mission-51-f.html8cc1JxccڄccSTS 26RD^cڄc5 : u@" STS 26R9cc# ,Also called STS 81A1 ڄcDc'  GeneralTccA#R&Launch id88091\DccA#R6Launch date29 Sep 1988_cScA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWccA#R,TypeDiscovery #07GSc6cE#ZCrewR. HauckRichard CoveyJohn LoungeGeorge NelsonDavid Hilmers\ccA#R6Landing date3 Oct 1988Y6ccA#R0Landing siteEdwards^cIcG#^.OMPayloadB: TDRS 3<cc' *O External resourcesnGIcc' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-26/mission-sts-26.html7c*c1օ1*cmccSTS 27Ccmc5 :u@" STS 279*cc# ,Also called STS 51I1 mc׉c'  GeneralTc+cA#R&Launch id85076\׉ccA#R6Launch date27 Aug 1985_+ccA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWc=cA#R,TypeDiscovery #06Lc΋cE#ZCrewJoe EngleRichard CoveyJames Van HoftenWilliam FisherJohn Lounge\=c*cA#R6Landing date3 Sep 1985Y΋ccA#R0Landing siteEdwards2*c cU#zd8_iS$AgPayloadB: Optus A1C: ASC 1D: Leasat 4`:cjc& tFlight of 7 days 2 h 18 min 29 sLeasat 3 was repared< cc' *O External resourcesjCjcc' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-i/mission-51-i.html8cHc1HcccSTS 27RDcc5 : u@" STS 27R9HcŎc# ,Also called STS 91A1 cc'  GeneralTŎcJcA#R&Launch id88106[ccA#R4Launch date2 Dec 1988_JccA#R<Launch siteCape CanavercccalVcfcA#R*TypeAtlantis #03MccE#ZCrewRobert GibsonGuy GardnerRochard MullaneJerry RossWilliam Sheperd\fcTcA#R6Landing date6 Dec 1988YccA#R0Landing siteEdwardsbTccG#^6-PayloadB: Lacrosse 1K%cZc& JFlight of 4 days 9 hDoD mission<cc' *O External resourcesnGZcc' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-27/mission-sts-27.html7c;c1;c~ccSTS 28Cc~c5 :u@" STS 289;cc# ,Also called STS 51J1 ~cc'  GeneralTcLanding siteCape Canaveral\dtdG#^* 뉂PayloadUSA 0673dd$ DoD mission<td e' *O External resourcesd ednGdze' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-38/mission-sts-38.html7 ee1F4eeeSTS 39Czee5 :u@" STS 391 e%e'  GeneralTeyeA#R&Launch id91031\%eeA#R6Launch date28 Apr 1991_ye4eA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWeeA#R,TypeDiscovery #12q4eCeG#^CrewDonald Mc MonagleBlaine HammondCharles VeachGuion BlufordMichael CoatsGregory HarbaughRichard Hieb\eeA#R6Landing date6 May 1991`CeeA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral?eeH#`~c竉PayloadB: IBSS (launched and retrieved)C: Mpec (USA 70)R,ee& XFlight of 8 days 7 h 26 minDoD mission<ee' *O External resourcesnGee' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-39/mission-sts-39.html7ee1Gwee eSTS 40Cee5 :u@" STS 401 e-e'  GeneralTeeA#R&Launch id91040[-eeA#R4Launch date5 Jun 1991g&eCeA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39BVeeA#R*TypeColumbia #11~Ce^eG#^CrewJames BagianBryan O'ConnorDrew GaffneySidney GutierrezMargareth Rhea SeddonMillie Hughes-FulfordTamara Jernigan]eeA#R8Landing date14 Jun 1991Y^e eA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQee eA#R PayloadnonewK e e, ( Flight of 9 days 3 h 30 minSLS 1 (Space Laboratory Science) mission<e e e' *O External resourcesnG e e' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-40/mission-sts-40.html7 e e1=X e e eSTS 41C e e5 :u@" STS 411 e1 e'  GeneralT e eA#R&Launch id90090[1 e eA#R4Launch date6 Oct 1990_ e? eA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralW e eA#R,TypeDiscovery #11S? e. eE#ZCrewRichard RichardsRobert ParkerBruce MelnickWilliam ShepperdThomas Akers] e eA#R8Landing date10 Oct 1990Y. e eA#R0Landing siteEdwards~7 ebeG#^nPayloadB: Ulysses (http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/)< ee' *O External 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http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-43/mission-sts-43.html7GefHe1/fHeHeLeSTS 44C/HeHe5 :u@" STS 441 fHeHe'  GeneralTHe.IeA#R&Launch id91080\HeIeA#R6Launch date25 Nov 1991_.IeIeA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralVIe?JeA#R*TypeAtlantis #10z4IeJeF#\hCrewGregoryHenricksVossMusgraveRuncoHennen\?JeKeA#R6Landing date1 Dec 1991YJenKeA#R0Landing siteEdwards\KeKeG#^* c鉂PayloadDSP 3-43nKeKe$ DoD mission<Ke9Le' *O External resourcesnGKeLe' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-44/mission-sts-44.html79LeLe1ZLe!MeHeSTS 45CLe!Me5 :u@" STS 451 LeRMe'  GeneralT!MeMeA#R&Launch id92015\RMeNeA#R6Launch date24 Mar 1992_MeaNeA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralVNeNeA#R*TypeAtlantis #11PaNeNOeG#^CrewBoldenDuffyLeetsmaSullivanFoaleLichtenbergDirck Frimout (Belgium)\NeOeA#R6Landing date2 Apr 1992`NOeeA#R>Landing siteCape COeeLeanaveralQOegeA#R Payloadnone7ee$ &ATLAS 1 mission<geڀe' *O External resourcesnGeHe' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-45/mission-sts-45.html7ڀee1ZeeeSTS 46CHee5 :u@" STS 461 ee'  GeneralTeGeA#R&Launch id92049\eeA#R6Launch date31 Jul 1992_GeeA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralVeXeA#R*TypeAtlantis #12AeeG#^CrewShriverAllenNicollierIvinsChang_DiazHoffmanMalerba\XeLanding siteCape Canaveral`WTried to deploy TTS 1<e}e' *O External resourcesnGAee' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-46/mission-sts-46.html7}e"e1{k"eeeeSTS 47Ceee5 :u@" STS 471 "ee'  GeneralTeeeA#R&Launch id92061h'eReA#RNLaunch date12 Sep 1992 at 14:23 UTh'eeA#RNLaunch siteCape Canaveral, pad 39AWReeA#R,TypeEndeavour #02YeeG#^CrewRobert GibsonBrownLeeJerome AptJan DavisMae JemisonMamoru Mohri (Japanese)i(eeA#RPLanding date20 Sep 1992 at 14:53 UT`ezeA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQeˉeA#R Payloadnone:zee$ ,Spacelab J mission<ˉeAe' *O External resourcesnGee' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-47/mission-sts-47.html7Aee1we)eeSTS 48Ce)e5 :u@" STS 481 eZe'  GeneralT)eeA#R&Launch id91063\Ze eA#R6Launch date12 Sep 1991_eieA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralW eeA#R,TypeDiscovery #13t/ie4eE#Z^CrewCreightonReightlerGemarBrownBuchli]eeA#R8Landing date18 Sep 1991Y4eeA#R0Landing siteEdwards\eFeG#^*lUcUPayloadB: UARS<ee' *O External resourcesnGFee' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-48/mission-sts-48.html7e'e1F'ejeeSTS 49Ceje5 :u@" STS 491 'ee'  GeneralTje eA#R&Launch id92026e ee[egeA#R4Launch date7 May 1992_ eeA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWgeeA#R,TypeEndeavour #01TeeG#^CrewBrandensteinChiltonMelnickThorntonPierre ThuotRichard HiebThomas Aker]eeA#R8Landing date16 May 1992YeneA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQeeA#R Payloadnone{Qne:e* $ ĉAstronauts went out during 8 h 29 min on 13 May 1992 to repair Intelsat 603<eve' *O External resourcesnG:ee' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-49/mission-sts-49.html7vee1>e^ekeSTS 50Ce^e5 :u@" STS 501 ee'  GeneralT^eeA#R&Launch id92034\e?eA#R6Launch date25 Jun 1992g&eeA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AV?eeA#R*TypeColumbia #12;e~eG#^vCrewRichardsBowersoxDunbarBakerMeadeDelucasTrinh\eeA#R6Landing date9 Jul 1992`~e:eA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQeeA#R Payloadnone6:ee$ $USML 1 mission<ee' * External resourcesnGeke' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-50/mission-sts-50.html7ee1-eeeSTS 51Ckee5 :u@" STS 511 ee'  GeneralTejeA#R&Launch id93058\eeA#R6Launch date12 Sep 1993_je%eA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWe|eA#R,TypeDiscovery #17S%eeA#R$Crew5 persons]|e,eA#R8Landing date22 Sep 1993`eeA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral?,eeN#l~* KUd竉PayloadB: ACTSC: Orfeus-Spas (launched and retrieved)<eUe' *O External resourcesnGee' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-51/mission-sts-51.html7Uee1e=efSTS 52Ce=e5 :u@" STS 521 ene'  GeneralT=eeA#R&Launch id92070\neeA#R6Launch date22 Oct 1992g&eeA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39BVeeA#R*TypeColumbia #139eZeF#\rCrewWetherbeeBakerJerniganVeachShepherdMc Learn\eeA#R6Landing date1 Nov 1992`Ze"fA#R>Landing e"fesiteCape Canaveral;efN#lv*ySPayloadB: Lageos 2C: CTA (launched and retrieved)6"ff$ $USMP 1 mission<ff' *O External resourcesnGff' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-52/mission-sts-52.html7ff1)kfffSTS 53Cff5 :u@" STS 531 f6f'  GeneralTffA#R&Launch id92086[6ffA#R4Launch date2 Dec 1992_fDfA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWffA#R,TypeDiscovery #15q,Df fE#ZXCrewWalkerCabanaBlufordVossClifford\fhfA#R6Landing date9 Dec 1992Y ffA#R0Landing siteEdwards_hf fG#^0b뉂PayloadB: USA 0893fSf$ DoD mission< ff' *O External resourcesnGSff' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-53/mission-sts-53.html7f4f14fwf fSTS 54Cfwf5 :u@" STS 541 4ff'  GeneralTwffA#R&Launch id93003k*fgfA#RTLaunch date13 Jan 1993 at 13:59:30 UTf%ffA#RJLaunch siteCape Canaveral, LC39BWgf$fA#R,TypeEndeavour #03OffE#ZCrewJohn CasperDonald Mc MonagleGregory HarbaughMario RuncoSusan Helmsa$f fD#X:Landing date19 Jan 1993`fy fA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral^ f fG#^.OMPayloadB: TDRS 6pFy fG f* $ PARE (Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment) experiment< f f' *O External resourcesnGG f f' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-54/mission-sts-54.html7 f( f1( fk f @fSTS 55C fk f5 :u@" STS 551 ( f f'  GeneralTk f fA#R&Launch id93027h' fX fA#RNLaunch date26 Apr 1993 at 14:50 UTg& f fA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39ARX f fA#R"TypeColumbia f fH#^CrewSteven NagelTerence HenricksJerry RossCharles PrecourtBernard HarrisUlrich Walter (Germany)Hans William Schlegel (Germany)h' fJfA#RNLanding date6 May 1993 at 14:30 UTY ffA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQJffA#R Payloadnone;f/f$ .Spacelab D2 mission<fkf' *O External resourcesnG/f @f' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-55/mission-sts-55.htmlkf @f f7kfC@f1`C@f@fDfSTS 56C @f@f5 :u@" STS 561 C@f@f'  GeneralT@f AfA#R&Launch id93023[@ffAfA#R4Launch date8 Apr 1993_ AfAfA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWfAfBfA#R,TypeDiscovery #16q,AfBfE#ZXCrewCameronOswaldFoaleCockrellOchoai(BfBfA#RPLanding date17 Apr 1993 at 11:37 UT`BfVCfA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral~7BfCfG#^nXDPayloadB: Spartan 201-1 (launched and retrieved)7VCf Df$ &ATLAS 2 mission<CfGDf' *O External resourcesnG DfDf' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-56/mission-sts-56.html7GDfDf1jDf/EfhIfSTS 57CDf/Ef5 :u@" STS 571 Df`Ef'  GeneralT/EfEfA#R&Launch id93037h'`EfFfA#RNLaunch date21 Jun 1993 at 13:07 UT_Ef{FfA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWFfFfA#R,TypeEndeavour #04s-{FfEGfF#\ZCrewGrabeDuffyLowSherlockWisoffVossh'FfGfA#RNLanding date1 Jul 1993 at 12:52 UT`EGf HfA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQGf^HfA#R Payloadnone`4 HfHf, (hISpacehab 1 (SH 1) missionRetrieval of Eureca<^HfHf' *O External resourcesnGHfhIf' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-57/mission-sts-57.html7HfIf1BIfIfMfSTS 58ChIfIf5 :u@" STS 581 IfJf'  GeneralTIfgJfA#R&Launch id93065\JfJfA#R6Launch date18 Oct 1993g&gJf*KfA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39BVJfKfA#R*TypeColumbia #15;*KfLfG#^vCrewBlahaSearfossSeddonMc ArthurWolfLucidFettmanh'KfjLfA#RNLanding date1 Nov 1993 at 10:05 UTYLfLfA#R0Landing siteEdwardsQjLfMfA#R Payloadnone5LfIMf$ "SLS 2 mission<MfMf' * External resourcesnGIMfMf' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-58/mission-sts-58.html7Mf*Nf1_ *NfmNfgfSTS 59CMfmNf5 :u@" STS 591 *NfNf'  GeneralTmNfNfA#R&Launch id94020g&NfYOfA#RLLaunch date9 Apr 1994 at 12:05 UT_NfOfA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWYOffA#R,TypeOffMfEndeavour #06VOffC#VCrewAt least:Dr. Jay Apt (N5QWL), commanderDr. Linda Godwin (N5RAX), specialisti(ffA#RPLanding date20 Apr 1994 at 17:54 UTYfvfA#R0Landing siteEdwardsM fÁfA#RPayloadvff' SRL 1 and SAREX missionsIt carried synthetic aperture radars at three wavelengths: 23 cm (C-band), 6 cm (C-band), and 3 cm (X-band). For each wavelength, there was an array of six, electronically steerable antenna panels; the polarization plane of the emitted radiation could be varied as needed. It was expected to cover 46 million square kilometers of terrain and vegetation, yielding 32 trillion bits of data for capturing in 183 high-density tapes on board.<Áff' * External resourcesnGfgf' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-59/mission-sts-59.html7ff1fffSTS 60Cgff5 :u@" STS 601 ff'  GeneralTfffA#R&Launch id94006g&fͅfA#RLLaunch date3 Feb 1994 at 12:10 UT_ff,fA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralWͅffA#R,TypeDiscovery #18],ffA#R8Crew7 persons (1 woman)]f=fA#R8Landing date11 Feb 1994RffA#R"Landing sitex=fxfq#pױBױBױBױBױBױB쉂PayloadB: Oderacs 1AC: Oderacs 1BD: Oderacs 1CE: Oderacs 1DF: Oderacs 1EG: Oderacs 1FH: Bremsat`3f؊f- (g On board was the Spacehab 2 (SH 2) facility to conduct 12 experiments. Among them were the following four GAS (Get Away Special) microgravity experiments: G-536--Pool Boiling experiment; G-557--Capillary Pumped Loop experiment; G-071--Ball Bearing experiment; and G-514--Orbiter Stability experiment. It also carried resources for high school/college science experiments. Repeated efforts to deploy a three-meter diameter, retrievable shield (Wake Shield Facility) behind which pure crystals of Gallium Arsenide were planned to be grown were unsuccessful.<xff' *O External resourcesnG؊ff' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-60/mission-sts-60.html7ff1K-ff"fSTS 61Cff5 :u@" STS 611 f-f'  GeneralTffA#R&Launch id93075[-f܌fA#R4Launch date2 Dec 1993_f;fA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralW܌ffA#R,TypeEndeavour #05A;ffG#^CrewCoveyBowerboxAkersHoffmanMusgraveThorntonNicollier]fwfA#R8Landing date13 Dec 1993`f׎fA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQwf(fA#R PayloadnoneD׎flf* $4~wReparation of Hubble<(ff' *O External resourcesnGlf"f' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-61/f"ffmission-sts-61.html7fYf1uYfffSTS 62C"ff5 :u@" STS 621 Yff'  GeneralTf!fA#R&Launch id94015[f|fA#R4Launch date4 Mar 1994_!ffA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralV|f1fA#R*TypeColumbia #16l'ffE#ZNCrewCasperAllenThuotGemanIvins]1ffA#R8Landing date18 Mar 1994`fZfA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM ffA#RPayloadjZf6f% It carried a U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP 2) and an Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology Second payload (OAST 2). Among the experiments were the Solar Array Module Plasma Interaction Experiment (SAMPIE), the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) experiment, the Experimental Investigation of Spacecraft Glow (EISG) experiment, the Spacecraft Kinetic InfraRed Test (SKIRT) experiment, the Emulsion Chamber Technology (ECT) experiment, and the CRYOgenic Two Phase (CRYOTP) experiment. A new high-speed, Ku-band communication link between mission control and the shuttle enabled transmission of 162 megabytes of data.<frf' *O External resourcesnG6ff' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-62/mission-sts-62.html7rff1fɅfZffSTS 63CfZf5 :u@" STS 631 ff'  GeneralTZffA#R&Launch id95004j)fIfA#RRLaunch date3 Feb 1995 at 05:22:04 UTe$ffA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39BWIffA#R,TypeDiscovery #20 ffG#\CrewJim Wetherbee (commander)Eileen Collins (pilot)Bernard Harris (mission specialist)Mike Foale (mission specialist)Janice Voss (mission specialist)Vladimir Titov (Russian Space Agency)`fpfA#R>Landing dateCape Canaverali(ffA#RPLanding site11 Feb 1995 at 11:50 UTpffr#pkӸ~ױBױBױBױBױBױBPayloadSpartan 204 (launched and retrieved)Oderacs 2AOderacs 2BOderacs 2COderacs 2DOderacs 2EOderacs 2F^fTf+ $Spacehab 3 (SH 03) missionThe Spacehab module is a pressurized laboratory containing experiment racks and lockers. FU-1 has a new window in the roof to help in the Mir rendezvous operation.It carried the Spacehab module containing microgravity experimental apparatus. Despite a thruster leak from the shuttle, STS 63 was finally allowed to come close to the MIR station, within about twelve meters, as a prelude to a planned docking in the future.This was the second time there had been three women in space (STS 40 was the first), and the second time that a Russian had flown on a US spaceship. <ff' *O External resourcesnGTff' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-63/mission-sts-63.html7f5f1 5fxf gSTS 64Cfxf5 :u@" STS 641 5ff'  GeneralTxf gA#R&Launch id94059f gfg&fsgA#RLLaunch date9 Sep 1994 at 22:22 UTh' ggA#RNLaunch siteCape Canaveral, pad 39BWsg2gA#R,TypeDiscovery #19ggG#\CrewRichard (Dick) Richards, commanderL. Blaine Hammond Jr. (KC5HBS), pilotJerry L. Linenger (KC5HBR)Susan HelmsCarl MeadeMark Lee]2gbgA#R8Landing date20 Sep 1994RggA#R"Landing site{4bg/gG#^hYDPayloadSpartan 201-2 (launched and retrieved)gg) 9Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE 1) and SAREXAlso on board were 12 Get Away Special (GAS) experiments designed and built by high school and university students, an Orbit Stability Experiment (OSE), and a Robot Operated Materials Processing System (ROMPS).Lidar is essentially radar using an optical wavelength laser instead of microwaves. LITE consists of a Spacelab pallet with a laser transmitter and a receiver telescope. In an interesting historical note, the 96-cm receiver telescope was built in the 1960s as the engineering model for the telescope on the OAO-B satellite, lost in a 1970 launch failure. It was refurbished for the LITE mission.]/g~g- *  LITE 1 results (made from the June 16 issue of RESEARCHER NEWS, Langley Research Center)hBg g& According to Dr. M. Patrick McCormick, LITE project scientist and branch head of Langley's Aerosol Research Branch, the LITE mission was 100 percent successful. One mission highlight was the collection of spectacular data on Super Typhoon Melissa. From the cargo bay of Space Shuttle Discovery, LITE passed directly over the eye of the typhoon and profiled the eye-wall clouds from the top to the sea surface below.Unlike passive instruments which measure the amount of heat emitted or light reflected by only the highest layer of multi-layered clouds, LITE is able to penetrate the highest clouds and provide scientists with data about clouds at many levels below. The LITE data also revealed high cirrus clouds which were not seen in the standard meteorological satellite data and are often not expressed in atmospheric models.~g g% SUsing the three different wavelengths aboard LITE also allowed Browell [Dr. Edward Browell is a senior scientist in Langley's Chemistry and Dynamics Branch] and his team to identify the types of aerosols they were measuring. Browel said, "Remotely, we can detect whether the aerosols we're seeing are biomass burning or whether they're desert aerosols (sands)." Biomass burning generates green-house gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Aerosols also affect the Earth's energy budget by scattering sunlight back into space, thereby cooling the Earth. Aerosols can also increase the amount of clouds present by acting as surfaces upon which water vapor can condense. gcg% The LITE system obtained a spectacular data set, demonstrating the ability of lidar remote sensing techniques to study the Earth's atmosphere. A future space-based lidar system is being studied. This future system would fly on a satellite in low-earth orbit and provide daily coverage of global cloud characteristics and aerosols created by dust storms, biomass burning and urban pollution.< gg' * External resourcesnGcg g' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-64/mission-sts-64.html7gDg1wDggDgSTS 65C gg5 :u@" STS 651 Dgg'  GeneralTg@gA#R&Launchg@g g id94039g&g@gA#RLLaunch date8 Jul 1994 at 16:43 UTg&@g@gA#RLLaunch siteCape Canaveral pad 39AV@gLanding siteCape CanaveralM BgECgA#RPayloadBgDg% WSpacelab IML 2 and SAREX. On board were six goldfish, four Japanese Medeka fish, four red-bellied newts, 500 fruit flies, 126 jelly fish, and thousands of sea urchins.<ECgQDg' *O External resourcesnGDgDg' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-65/mission-sts-65.html7QDgDg11Dg9Eg9KgSTS 66CDg9Eg5 :u@" STS 661 DgjEg'  GeneralT9EgEgA#R&Launch id94073g&jEg%FgA#RLLaunch date3 Nov 1994 at 06:59 UT_EgFgA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralV%FgFgA#R*TypeAtlantis #13YFg3GgA#R0Crew1 ESA astronaut]FgGgA#R8Landing date14 Nov 1994Y3GgGgA#R0Landing siteEdwardst-Gg]HgG#^Ze竉PayloadSpas 4 (launched and retrieved)2 GgJg) Atmospheric Lab (Atlas 3)The primary payload was the ATLAS 3 laboratory containing two instruments (SOLCON and SOLSPEC) to measure solar emissions in the visible and UV bands, and a UV backscatter monitor to measure ozone concentrations. The shuttle also carried many pregnant and nonpregnant rats for biological studies.MAS, a German instrument which was ATLAS 3's only sensor capable of measuring chlorine monoxide (a crucial intermediate in CFCs' effect on ozone), died after only about six hours of operation.<]HgJg' *O External resourcesnGJg9Kg' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-66/mission-sts-66.html7JgpKg1dpKgKgنgSTS 67C9KgKg5 :u@" STS 671 pKgKg'  GeneralTKg8LgA#R&Launch id95007j)KgLgA#RRLaunch date2 Mar 1995 at 06:38:14 UTe$8LgMgA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AWLg^MgA#R,TypeEndeavour #08^MgNgH#^-CrewSteve Oswald (commander)William Gregory (pilot, KC5MGA)Tamara Jernigan (payload commander, KC5MGF)Wendy Lawrence (mission specialist)John Grunsfeld (mission specialist)Ron Parise (payload specialist, Computer Sciences Corp.)Sam Durrance (Johns Hopkins University)l+^Mg(OgA#RVLanding date18 Mar 1995 at 21:47:00 UTYNgOgA#R0Landing siteEdwardsM (OgOgA#RPayloadOgg+ $ UltraOgg9Kgviolet Astronomy (ASTRO 2) missionNew endurance record: 16 days 15 hours 9 min 46 sSchool groups in 26 places around the world made voice contacts with the STS 67 crew as part of the Shuttle Amateur Radio EXperiment (SAREX) component of this mission.Astro 2 is a Spacelab mission, using two Spacelab Pallets with the Spacelab Igloo avionics container and the IPS instrument pointing system. Mounted on the IPS are three ultraviolet telescopes. The 0.9-m Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) takes spectra in the 900 to 1900 Angstrom short wavelength UV range and the 500 to 900 A extreme ultraviolet range. The 0.5m Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE) telescope studies spectra in the longer wavelength 1400-3200A ultraviolet range. The 0.38m Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) is a wide-field (0.6 degree) imaging telescope which uses ultraviolet-sensitive film.Og/g$ Also in the cargo bay are the Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) pallet and two Getaway Special (GAS) cans (G-387/G-388) which constitute the Endeavour Telescope, a project of the Australian Space Office. The 0.1m telescope takes a narrow-band, 2-degree wide-field ultraviolet image. Unlike UIT, it uses CCDs rather than film. The Australian Endeavour telescope first flew (as G-609/G-610) aboard Discovery in Jan 1992, but failed to work correctly. On that mission it was attached to a cross-bay GAS Bridge Assembly (GBA) with other GAS cans; this time the cans are mounted on a GAS Beam Adapter (GABA) on the side of the payload bay wall. <gkg' *O External resourcesnG/gنg' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-67/mission-sts-67.html7kgg1fgSggSTS 68CنgSg5 :u@" STS 681 gg'  GeneralTSg؇gA#R&Launch id94062\g4gA#R6Launch date30 Sep 1994_؇ggA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralW4ggA#R,TypeEndeavour #07J g4gA#RCrew]ggA#R8Landing date11 Oct 1994Y4ggA#R0Landing siteEdwardsM g7gA#RPayloadgHg' SRL 2 missionIt carried the Space Radar Laboratory (SRL) containing SIR-C, a dual polarization radar at C- and L-bands, X-SAR, an X-band vertical polarization radar, and MAPS, an infrared sensor for measurement of air pollution.<7gg' *O External resourcesnGHgg' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-68/mission-sts-68.html7g)g1݇)glgLgSTS 69Cglg5 :u@" STS 691 )gg'  GeneralTlggA#R&Launch id95048g&gXgA#RLLaunch date7 Sep 1995 at 15:09 UTe$ggA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AWXggA#R,TypeEndeavour #09ggF#Z=CrewDavid Walker (Commander)Ken Cockrell (Pilot)James Voss (Payload Commander)James Newman (Mission Specialist)Michael Gernhardt (Mission Specialist)i(gagA#RPLanding date18 Sep 1995 at 11:37 UT`ggA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveralq#ag>gN#lF*Zg>ggD*-XPayloadSpartan 201-3WSF 2d=gg' {WSF 2 and the IEH astronomy experimentAlso on board: a GAS Bridge Assembly with four standard GAS can experiments, plus the CAPL Hitchhiker experiment to test a cooling system for EOS satellites and the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) GAS can experiment to do research on solar dynamic power for the Space Station.<>gg' * External resourcesnGgLg' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-69/mission-sts-69.html7gg1dgg1gSTS 70CLgg5 :u@" STS 701 gg'  GeneralTgKgA#R&Launch id95035k*ggA#RTLaunch date13 Jul 1995 at 13:41:55 UTe$KggA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39BWgrgA#R,TypeDiscovery #21g\gF#ZICrewTom Henricks (commander)Kevin Kregel (pilot)Nancy Currie (mission specialist)Dr. Donald Thomas (mission specialist)May Ellen Weber (mission specialist)i(rggA#RPLanding date22 Jul 1995 at 12:02 UT`\g%gA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral^ggG#^.OMPayloadB: TDRS 7%gg' STS-70 marked another significant milestone with the first flight of the new Block I Space Shuttle main engine. Main Engine #1 - engine 2036 - features improvements that increase the reliability and safety margins of the main engines. SSME's No. 2 and No. 3 are the current design.The Block I engine features improvements such as a new liquid oxidizer turbopump produced through a casting process that eliminates all but six of the 300 welds that exist in the current pump. A new two-duct powerhead improves fluid flows within the engine to decrease pressure and loads. A new single-coil heat exchanger in the powerhead eliminates all seven weld joints inside the engine, reducing wear, maintenance and post-flight inspections.<gg' *O External resourcesnGg1g' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-70/mission-sts-70.html7ghg1<ɅhgggSTS 71C1gg5 :u@" STS 711 hgg'  GeneralTg0gA#R&Launch id95030h'ggA#RNLaunch date27 Jun 1995 at 19:32 UTe$0ggA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AVgSgA#R*TypeAtlantis #14J ggA#RCrewh'SggA#RNLanding date7 Jul 1995 at 14:54 UT`gegA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM ggA#RPayloadZ6eg g$ lSpace Life Sciences (SL M) and first trim with Mir<gHg' * External resourcesnG gg' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-71/mission-sts-71.html7Hgg1g0g$hSTS 73Cg0g5 :u@" STS 731 gag'  GeneralT0ggA#R&Launch id95056h'ag)hA#RNLaunch dag)hgte20 Oct 1995 at 13.53 UTe$ghA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39BV)hhA#R*TypeColumbia #18J h.hA#RCrewh'hhA#RNLanding date5 Nov 1995 at 11:45 UT`.hhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM hChA#RPayload7hzh$ &Spacelab USML-2<Chh' * External resourcesnGzh$h' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-73/mission-sts-73.html7h[h1@݇[hhhSTS 74C$hh5 :u@" STS 741 [hh'  GeneralTh#hA#R&Launch id95061h'hhA#RNLaunch date12 Nov 1995 at 12:30 UTe$#hhA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AVhFhA#R*TypeAtlantis #15J hhA#RCrewi(FhhA#RPLanding date20 Nov 1995 at 17:01 UT`hYhA#R>Landing siteCape Canaverals2hhA#RdPayload316GK Mir docking modules and supplies7Yhh$ &2nd Mir docking<h?h' * External resourcesnGhh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-74/mission-sts-74.html7?hh1h'h hSTS 72Ch'h5 :u@" STS 721 hXh'  GeneralT'hhA#R&Launch id96001h'Xh hA#RNLaunch date11 Jan 1996 at 09:41 UTe$hy hA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39BW h hA#R,TypeEndeavour #10\y hr hF#\CrewBrian DuffyBrent JettLeroy ChiaoWinston ScottKoichi Wakata (NASDA)Daniel Barryi( h hA#RPLanding date20 Jan 1996 at 07:42 UT`r h; hA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral` h hG#^2mӸ~PayloadSpartan 206^; h% h, (SFU retrieval on 13 January2 spacewalks to test out Space Station tools and equipment.< ha h' *O External resourcesnG% h h' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-72/mission-sts-72.html7a h h1L hI hBhSTS 75C hI h5 :u@" STS 751  hz h'  GeneralTI h hA#R&Launch id96012h'z h6hA#RNLaunch date22 Feb 1996 at 11:24 UT_ hhA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralV6hhA#R*TypeColumbia #19YhP@hH#^#CrewAndrew Allen (commander)Dr. Scott Horowitz (pilot)Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz (payload commander)Dr. Jeff Hoffmann (mission specialist)Claude Nicollier (mission specialist, ESA)Maurizio Cheli (misshP@h hion specialist, ESA)Dr. Umberto Guidoni (mission specialist, ASI)\h@hA#R6Landing date9 Mar 1996`P@h AhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM @hYAhA#RPayload Ah4Bh1 0U>W㨛Deployment of the TTS 2 (first was on STS 46) also known as TSS 1R. Third flight of scientific investigations using the US Microgravity Payload (USMP) complement.<YAhpBh' *O External resourcesnG4BhBh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-75/mission-sts-75.html7pBhCh1JChXChGhSTS 76CBhXCh5 :u@" STS 761 ChCh'  GeneralTXChChA#R&Launch id96018\Ch9DhA#R6Launch date22 Mar 1996_ChDhA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralV9DhDhA#R*TypeAtlantis #16DhFhG#\CrewKevin Chilton (commander)Rick Searfoss (pilot)Ron Sega (payload commander)Linda Godwin (mission specialist)RichClifford (mission specialist)Shannon Lucid (mission specialist, to remain on Mir)RDhUFhA#R"Landing dateRFhFhA#R"Landing siteM UFhFhA#RPayloadP,FhDGh$ X3rd Shuttle-Mir mission, Spacehab, SAREX<FhGh' *O External resourcesnGDGhGh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-76/mission-sts-76.html7Gh%Hh1L%HhhHhVMhSTS 77CGhhHh5 :u@" STS 771 %HhHh'  GeneralThHhHhA#R&Launch id96032h'HhUIhA#RNLaunch date19 May 1996 at 10:30 UTf%HhIhA#RJLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC 39BWUIhJhA#R,TypeEndeavour #11&Ih8KhG#\CrewJohn H. Casper: commandantCurtis L. Brown: pilotDaniel W. Bursch: mission specialistMario Runco: mission specialistMarc Garneau (Canadian space agency): mission specialistAndrew S.W. Thomas: mission specialisti(JhKhA#RPLanding date29 May 1996 at 11:09 UT`8KhLhA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveraly2KhzLhG#^dnӸ~PayloadSpartan 207 (launched and retrieved)2LhLh$ Spacehab 4<zLhLh' *O External resourcesnGLhVMh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-77/mission-sts-77.html7LhMh1JMhMhhSTS 78CVMhMh5 :u@" STS 781 MhNh'  GeneralTMhUNhA#R&Launch id96036h'NhNhA#RNLaunch date20 Jun 1996 at 14:49 UTf%UNh#OhA#RJLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC 39BVNhyOhA#R*TypeColumbia #20\#OhhH#^)CrewTom Henricks: commander?: pilotSusan J. Helms: missionyOhhVMh specialistRichard M. Linnehan: mission specialistCharles E. Brady: mission specialistJean-Jacques Favier (France, CEA/CNES): payload specialistRobert Brent Thirsk (Canadian space agency): payload specialisth'yOhIhA#RNLanding date7 Jul 1996 at 12:36 UT`hhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM IhhA#RPayload]9hSh$ rSpacelab, life and microgravity Spacehab (LMS), SAREX<hh' *O External resourcesnGShh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-78/mission-sts-78.html7h4h19\4hwhhSTS 79Chwh5 :u@" STS 791 4hh'  GeneralTwhhA#R&Launch id96057h'hdhA#RNLaunch date16 Sep 1996 at 08:55 UT_hÄhA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralVdhhA#R*TypeAtlantis #17v4ÄhhB#ThCrewBill Readdy: commander5 other crew members]hhA#R8Landing date26 Sep 1996`hLhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM hhA#RPayload<LhՆh$ 0Mir docking 4, SAREX<hh' * External resourcesnGՆhh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-79/mission-sts-79.html7hh1hhGhSTS 80Chh5 :u@" STS 801 h*h'  GeneralTh~hA#R&Launch id96065k**hhA#RTLaunch date19 Nov 1996 at 19:55:50 UTf%~hOhA#RJLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC 39BVhhA#R*TypeColumbia #21w6OhhA#RlCrewCockrell, Rominger, Jernigan, Jones, Musgraveh'hhA#RNLanding date7 Dec 1996 at 11:49 UT`hhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralJhphB#TPayloadSpas 3 (launched and retrieved)WSF 3 (launched and retrieved)- hh$ SAREX<phًh' *O External resourcesnGhGh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-80/mission-sts-80.html7ًh~h1\~hhhSTS 81CGhh5 :u@" STS 811 ~hh'  GeneralThFhA#R&Launch id97001g&hhA#RLLaunch date12 Jan 1997 at 9:28 UT_Fh hA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralVhbhA#R*TypeAtlantis #18( hhG#\CrewMichael A. Baker, Mission Commander Brent W. Jett, Jr, Pilot John M. Grunsfeld, Mission Specialist Marsha S. Ivins, Mission Specialist Peter J.K. Wisoff, Mission Specialist Jerry M. Linenger, Mission Specialist i(bh hA#RPLanding date22 Jan 1997 at 14:23 UTh hGh`hlhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQ hhA#R Payloadnone<lhh$ 0Mir docking 5, SAREX<h5h' *O External resourcesnGhh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-81/mission-sts-81.html75hh1hhhSTS 82Chh5 :u@" STS 821 hNh'  GeneralThhA#R&Launch id97004h'Nh hA#RNLaunch date11 Feb 1997 at 08:55 UT_hihA#R<Launch siteCape CanaveralW hhA#R,TypeDiscovery #22ihhH#^5CrewKen Bowersox (Commander)Scott Horowitz (Pilot)Mark C. Lee (Payload commander)Steve HawleyGregory J. HarbaughSteven L. SmithJoseph R. Tanneri(h hA#RPLanding date21 Feb 1997 at 08:32 UT`hkhA#R>Landing siteCape Canaverald hhG#^:~wPayloadHST instrumentsc9kh2h* $r~wSecond flight to service the Hubble Space Telescope<hnh' *O External resourcesnG2hh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-82/mission-sts-82.html7nhh15%hVhZhSTS 83ChVh5 :u@" STS 831 hh'  GeneralTVhhA#R&Launch id97013g&hBhA#RLLaunch date4 Apr 1997 at 19:20 UTe$hhA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AVBhhA#R*TypeColumbia #22<h9hH#^CrewJames D. Halsell, Commander Susan L. Still, Pilot Janice E. Voss, Payload Commander Donald A. Thomas, Mission Specialist Michael L. Gernhardt, Mission Specialist Roger Crouch, Payload Specialist Greg Linteris, Payload Specialist h'hhA#RNLanding date8 Apr 1997 at 18:33 UT`9hhA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQhRhA#R Payloadnone^7hh' oMicrogravity Science Laboratory (MSL-1), SarexOne of the orbiter's three fuel cells malfunctioned shortly after launch, and flight rules require that all 3 must be operating. The fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen to make water and electricity. Therefore a Minimum Duration Flight (MDF) was performed.<Rhh' * External resourcesnGhZh' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-83/mission-sts-83.html7hh1S5hhiSTS 84CZhh5 :u@" STS 841 hh'  GeneralThYhA#R&Launch id97023h'hhA#RNLaunch date15 May 1997 at 08:08 UTe$Yh&hA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AVh|hA#R*TypeAtlantis #19&hwiH#^OCrewCharles J. Precourt, Commander Eileen M. Collins, Pi|hwiZhlot C. Michael FoaleCarlos I. NoriegaEdward T. LuJean-Francois Clervoy (ESA)Elena V. Kondakova (RSA)i(|hiA#RPLanding date24 May 1997 at 13:27 UT`wi@iA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQiiA#R Payloadnonem@i*i, (O6th Mir dockingMichael Foale will stay aboard Mir and Jerry Linenger (STS 81) will come back to earth<ifi' *O External resourcesnG*ii' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-84/mission-sts-84.html7fi i15 iNiiSTS 85CiNi5 :u@" STS 851 ii'  GeneralTNiiA#R&Launch id97039g&i:iA#RLLaunch date7 Aug 1997 at 14:41 UTe$iiA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AW:iiA#R,TypeDiscovery #23iiG#\CrewCurt Brown, commanderKent Rominger, pilotJan Davis, payload commanderBob CurbeamStephen RobinsonBjarni Tryggvason (Canada)i(i.iA#RPLanding date19 Aug 1997 at 11:08 UT`iiA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveralq0.iiA#R`PayloadCrista-Spas (launched and retrieved);i:i$ .Crista-Spas mission<ivi' *O External resourcesnG:ii' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-85/mission-sts-85.html7vii1X i^i iSTS 86Ci^i5 :u@" STS 861 ii'  GeneralT^iiA#R&Launch id97055h'iK iA#RNLaunch date26 Sep 1997 at 02:34 UTe$i iA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AVK i iA#R*TypeAtlantis #20}4 i iI#`iCrewJames Wetherbee, Commander Michael Bloomfield, Pilot Vladimar Titov, (RSA) Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski, Mission Specialist Jean-Loup Chretien, (CNES) Mission Specialist Wendy Lawrence, Mission Specialist David Wolf, Mission Specialist (left on Mir)+ Michael Foale (retrieved from Mir)h' i iA#RNLanding date6 Oct 1997 at 21:55 UT` iK iA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQ i iA#R Payloadnone?K i i$ 67th Mir docking mission< i i' *O External resourcesnG i i' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-86/mission-sts-86.html7 i i1 i iBiSTS 87C i i5 :u@" STS 871 i0i'  GeneralT iiA#R&Launch id97073\0iiA#R6Launch date19 Nov 1997e$iEiA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AViiA#R*TypeColumbia #24%Ei@iG#\CrewKevin R. Kregel, Commani@i ider Steven W. Lindsey, Pilot Winston E. Scott, Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Mission Specialist Takao Doi, (NASDA) Mission Specialist Leonid K. Kadenyuk, (NSAU) Payload Specialist \i(AiA#R6Landing date5 Dec 1997`@iAiA#R>Landing siteCape Canaveral{4(AiBiG#^h[DPayloadSpartan 201-4 (launched and retrieved)=Ai@Bi$ 2Microgravity (USMP 4)<Bi|Bi' *O External resourcesnG@BiBi' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-87/mission-sts-87.html7|Bi!Ci1+D!CidCi^HiSTS 89CBidCi5 :u@" STS 891 !CiCi'  GeneralTdCiCiA#R&Launch id98003h'CiQDiA#RNLaunch date22 Jan 1998 at 02:48 UTf%CiDiA#RJLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC 39AWQDiEiA#R,TypeEndeavour #12[DiiFiH#^'CrewTerrence W. Wilcutt, Commander Joe F. Edwards, Jr., Pilot Bonnie J. Dunbar, Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson, Mission Specialist James F. Reilly, Mission Specialist Salizhan Shakirovich Sharipov, Mission Specialist Andrew S. W. Thomas, Mission Specialist i(EiFiA#RPLanding date31 Jan 1998 at 22:35 UT`iFi2GiA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralM FiGiA#RPayload52GiGi$ "Mir Docking 8<GiGi' *O External resourcesnGGi^Hi' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-89/mission-sts-89.html7GiHi1iHiHiHMiSTS 90C^HiHi5 :u@" STS 901 Hi Ii'  GeneralTHi]IiA#R&Launch id98022h' IiIiA#RNLaunch date17 Apr 1998 at 18:19 UTe$]Ii*JiA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39BVIiJiA#R*TypeColumbia #25N*JiKiH#^ CrewRichard Searfoss, Commander Scott Altman, Pilot Richard Linnehan DVM, Mission Specialist Dafydd Rhys Williams MD (CSA), Mission Specialist Kathryn Hire, Mission Specialist Dr. Jay Buckey, Payload Specialist Dr. James Pawelczyk, Payload Specialist h'Ji6LiA#RNLanding date3 May 1998 at 16:09 UT`KiLiA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQ6LiLiA#R Payloadnonea=LiHMi$ zThe Neurolab mission will carry out life science studies.7LiMi1DMiMi iSTS 91CHMiMi5 :u@" STS 911 MiMi'  GeneralTMiGNiA#R&Launch id98034g&MiNiA#RLLaunch date2 Jun 1998 at 22:06 UTe$GNiOiA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AWNijOiA#R,TypeDiscovery #249OiiG#\CrewCharles J. Precourt, Commander Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie, Pilot Wendy BjOiiHMi. Lawrence, Mission Specialist Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist Janet L. Kavandi, Mission Specialist Valery Victorovitch Ryumin, Mission Specialist i(jOiiA#RPLanding date12 Jun 1998 at 18:00 UT`ixiA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQiɁiA#R PayloadnonevRxi?i$ Mir Docking 9 and AMS (magnetic spectrometer to detect cosmic-ray antiprotons)<Ɂi{i' *O External resourcesw?i i. ,http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-91/mission-sts-91.htmlhttp://hpamsmi2.mi.infn.it/~wwwams/A_AMS.html7{iWi1e% WiiΈiSTS 94C ii5 :u@" STS 941 Wi˃i'  GeneralTiiA#R&Launch id97032g&˃iiA#RLLaunch date1 Jul 1997 at 18:02 UTe$iiA#RHLaunch siteCape Canaveral LC39AViAiA#R*TypeColumbia #23;i|iH#^CrewJames D. Halsell, Commander Susan L. Still, Pilot Donald A. Thomas, Mission Specialist Greg Linteris, Payload SpecialistJanice E. Voss, Payload Commander Michael L. Gernhardt, Mission Specialist Roger Crouch, Payload Specialist i(AiiA#RPLanding date17 Jul 1997 at 10:46 UT`|iEiA#R>Landing siteCape CanaveralQiiA#R PayloadnonebEi$i, (QRe-run of the aborted STS 83 missionMicrogravity Science Laboratory replay (MSL-1R), Sarex<i`i' *O External resourcesnG$iΈi' http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-94/mission-sts-94.html7`ii1 iiNiTaurusCΈiHi5 : " TaurusDii* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serrac7Hii, &o_ 0In 1989 OSC was selected by DARPA to design the Standard Small Launch Vehicle (SSLV). This solid 4-stage rocket called Taurus is made of the first stage of the MX and the 3 stages of Pegasus. The base stage, called stage-0, is a Thiokol TU 903 of 8.4 m long, 2.34 m diameter and 48 tons. It delivers the 3 Pegasus stages at 38000 m altitude at 2030 m/s. In the future (standard type), the stage-0 will be a Thiokol Castor 120 which is a MX motor modified to provide a weaker acceleration (6.5 G max). Taurus is 27.5 m in height and can launch 1.36 tons in LEO.9i(i' $ Taurus versionsUi}iA#R(PrototypeTaurusw0(iiG#^`"_ 0HStandard Type (with Castor-120)Taurus-120i(}i]iA#RP4stretched standard typeTaurus-120XLz9i׍iA#RrRstretched standard type with strap-onsTaurus-120XL/S9]ii' $ Taurus launchesf׍ivi# 4\N\   $& <> \ l |~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)<fii#|4\N\ *j뉂j뉂viiΈiPR194017A: USA 101B: USA 10213 Mar 1994 at 22:32 UTV 576E540 km x 560 km x 105jvi(i# 4\N\ FT:s:;s:H ΀ހ298007A: GFO 1B: Orbcomm FM 3C: Orbcomm FM 4D: Celestis 210 Feb 1998 at 13:20 UTV 576E120775 km x 108&iNi# F(ii1CiijThor (launch vehicle)A Nii5 :" ThorDii* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraGiiH ` =v퉂Gi4#*≂p㉂OriginsThor AbleThor AblestarThor AgenaThor Delta[/ii, (^O Thor with solid top stage (Altair, Burner)oii< F 㰭=H㰭=HOrigin: first generation of American Intermediate Range Ballistic MissilesUntil 1953 the USAF had stressed on aerodynamic missiles (while the Army was developping the Jupiter) because they believed long distance ballistic missiles would not appear before ten years. The construction of Thor wasn't awarded to Douglas Aircraft before December 1955. The program was given a very high priority and the first missile was delivered to the USAF in October 1956.The MB-1 propulsion system was made of a Rocketdyne LR79 (liquid oxygen and kerosene) engine with 670 kN derived from Jupiter and Atlas' booster. An LR101 vernier rocket on each side of the missile' base controled the roll and the final ajustement of the speed after the main engine shutdown. The missile used Atlas' Reentry Vehicle, measured 2.44 m in diameter and 19.8 m in height, and weighed over 46 tons. ii3 4pp㉂The first four tests carried out from 25 January 1957 on were failures. The first successful launch occured on 20 September and was commissioned in 1959.Thor's propulsion system quickly evolved to an MB-3 version used by IRBMs and space launchers, especially by USAF's Thor SLV-2 and NASA's Thor Delta launchers. In the seventies the MB-3 motor was used by the Japanese N-1, N-2 and H-1 launch vehicles. An improvement program conducted between 1957 and 1959 named X-1 leaded to an H-1 version designed for Saturn-1. Later on H-1 was modified for the propulsion of Thor Deltas (39xx series) and became RS-27. The latest version RS-27A intended to Delta-2 launchers is optimized for greater performance at high altitude.&ii# Di$i* $4 Thor propulsion systemki*i#  N   DesignationYear of first launchMain engine Thrust (kN)Main engine SI (sec.)Application$ii#>&02MB-11957600250IRBM:*ii#t*FPRMB-31958670, 735, 755 (1)252IRBM, launchers6ioi#l*>*\^RS-271973920-1030 (2)263-295 (2)Delta9i@i#r *@*^`RS-27A1991890-1055 (2)255-305 (2)Delta-20oi|jB R%_ 0_ 0_ 0Notes: (1) Blk 1, 2 and 3; (2) values given at sea level in vacuumIn 1963 Thor's thrust became insufficient to carry ou@i|jNit its missions. The solution (innovative at that time) found was to enhance it with 3 solid fuel strap on Thiokol Castor boosters. This resulted in TAT: Thrust Augmented Thor. Those boosters were used grouped by 3 then 6 and up to 9. After 1975 when the only Thor first stage used was the Delta the Castor-2 boosters were replaced by the 1 m-diameter Castor-4.&@ij+ $Ƿ-HThe burn duration of Thor (160 seconds) was also enhanced by lenghtening its tanks. This gave birth to the LTT (Long Tank Thor) for which the burning time reached about 220 seconds, used from 1966 wih Agena stages and from 1968 with Delta stages. The first stage was streched again in early 70' giving ELTT (Extended Long Tank Thor); the burning time wasn't much modified but the thrust was increased. The Delta-2 version, used since 1989, was lengthened in order to obtain a 265 seconds burning time.1|jj1jjjj[  +=v퉂Gi4#*≂p㉂扂Thor[launch vehicle index]OriginsThor AbleThor AblestarThor AgenaThor DeltaThor with solid top stage (Altair, Burner): jj1jjLjThor AbleFj=j5 :$" Thor Ablee4jj1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs=jj+ $ Thor used with Vanguard top stagesIn 1958 the only top stages available for space launches were those of Vanguard. The second stage was 8.5 m long and 0.9 m in diameter. It was equipped with an adjustable Aerojet AJ10 motor (nitric acid/UDMH) capable of a 33 kN thrust during 120 seconds. The spin-stabilized third stage was equipped with a solid fuel motor of 14 kN and 30 second burn duration. The Thor Able rocket was 26.9 m high and weighed over 50 tons.Thor Able was tested in April and May 1958 with the intercontinental launch of Reentry vehicles containing a mouse. But the first 3 space launches carrying Pioneer probes to the Moon between August and November 1958 ended as 2 failures and 1 partial success.jo j1 0;jThe launcher was used until 1961 to launch a scientific satellite (Explorer) a interplanetary probe (Pioneer) and a meteorological satellite (Tiros).<j j' * Thor Able launchesBxo j j#dP]2   :< RT r  # and serialLaunch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period) e j j#FP]2 JLfh~1, 116n/aARTV 1 (suborbital)23 Apr 1958DM18 AbleFailure: Thor exploded after 146sB j j#@P]2 JLfh~2, 118n/aARTV 2 (suborbital)10 Jul 1958DM18 AbleB jj#@P]2 JLfh~3, 119n/aARTV 3 (suborbital)23 Jul 1958DM18 Ablec jj#FP]2 DF`b|4, 127n/aPioneer 0 (Moon)17 Aug 1958DM18 Able 1Failure: Thor exploded after 17s4yj_@j#FP]2 DF`b|5, 130n/aPioneer 1 (Moon)11 j_@jjOct 1958DM18 Able 1Partial failure: 3rd stage produced unsufficient thrust[juAj#FP]2 DF`b|6, 129n/aPioneer 2 (Moon)08 Nov 1958DM18 Able 1Failure: 3rd stage failed;z_@jBj#RP]2 NPln7, 128n/aPGRTV 1 (suborbital)23 Jan 1959DM18 Able 2Partial failure: 1st stage shut down at wrong timeEuAjCj#@P]2 LNhj8, 131n/aPGRTV 2 (suborbital)28 Feb 1959DM18 Able 2EBjDj#@P]2 LNhj9, 132n/aPGRTV 3 (suborbital)21 Mar 1959DM18 Able 2ECjEj#@P]2 "NPhj10, 133n/aPGRTV 4 (suborbital)8 Mar 1959DM18 Able 2FDjFj#@P]2 "NPjl11, 135n/aPGRTV 5 (suborbital)20 May 1959DM18 Able 2FEjGj#@P]2 "NPjl12, 137n/aPGRTV 6 (suborbital)11 Jun 1959DM18 Able 2AFjHj#LP]2$&`DF`b|13, 13459004Explorer 0607 Aug 1959DM18 Able 3VGjIj#FP]2 ":<VXr14, 136n/aTransit 1A17 Sep 1959DM18 Able 2Failure: 3rd stage failed QHjJj#@P]2$&<>XZt15, 21960001Pioneer 511 Mar 1960DM18 Able 4Probe to solar orbit>IjKj#L|P]2$&:ܗ+>@Z\v16, 14860002Tiros 0101 Apr 1960DM18 Able 2W-JjLj* $Z%Notes: all launches from Cape Canaveral> KjMLj1MLjLjjThor AblestarJLjLj5 :," Thor Ablestare4MLjLj1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsLjOj2 2I|ۉdThe Ablestar stage was developped for the US Navy by Space General Co. It was 5.3 m long and 1.63 m in diameter, equipped with an adjustable Aerojet AJ10-104 motor (nitric acid/UDMH). This engine could be reignited and provided a 35 kN thrust during about 300 seconds. Thor Ablestar was 24.2 m high for about 54 tons.Thor Ablestar was used to launch navigation satellites (Transit) so as numerous technologic and scientific spacecrafts (Solrad) for the US Navy. Some satellites were launched together with NASA. Thor Ablestar was used during 5 years and achieved the first in-orbit reignition in April 1960 and the first double, triple and sextuple -satellite launch.@Ljj' 2 Thor AOjjLjblestar launchesbOjj#P]$   :< RT r   # and serialLaunch idPayloadLaunch dateSiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)Xjj#\P]$"$<>X^`~1, 25760003Transit 1B13 Apr 1960CDM21 AbleStar373 x 748 x 51.3 x 95.8"Ojj#vP]$"*$d؉㬎YXZtz|2, 28160007Transit 2ASolrad 0122 Jun 1960CDM21 AbleStar-ajj#hP]$ 8:TZ\z 3, 262n/aCourier 1A18 Aug 1960CDM21 AbleStarFailure: Thor failed after 134sCjj#hP]$"$D@B\bd4, 29360013Courier 1B04 Oct 1960CDM21 AbleStar8kj4j#jP]$ JLfln 5, 283n/aTransit 3ASolrad 230 Nov 1960CDM21 AbleStarFailure: Thor shud down too early^jj#lP]$"$HJdjl 6, 31361007Transit 3BLOFTI22 Feb 1961CDM21 AbleStarPartial failure: satellites failed to separate188 x 822 x 28.4 x 96.2c4jj#P]$"*$㺶؉㮎YXZtz| 7, 31561015Transit 4ASolrad 0329 Jun 1961CDM21 AbleStarPartial failure: Injun 1 and Solrad 3 failed to separateKjj#vP]$"*$㻶؉zPWPRlrt8, 30561031Transit 4BTraac15 Nov 1961CDM21 AbleStarvjj#pKP]$ fh 9, 311n/aLofti 2Secor 1Solrad 4Surcal 124 Jan 1962CDM21 AbleStarFailure: AbleStar produced unsufficient thrustSurcal 1 was fixed to AbleStar-ajj#hP]$ "46PVXv 10, 314n/aAnna 1A10 May 1962CDM21 AbleStarFailure: AbleStar failed to ignite AjÎj#hP]$$&WR<>X^`~11, 31962060Anna 1B31 Oct 1962CDM21 AbleStarJjڏj#jP]$$&ANPjpr12, 37563038Transit 5BN15E128 Sep 1963VDM21 AbleStarJÎjj#jP]ڏjjLj$$&BNPjpr13, 38563049Transit 5BN25E305 Dec 1963VDM21 AbleStar(\ڏj%j#hP]$ ">@Z`b 14, 379n/aTransit 5BN321 Apr 1964VDM21 AbleStarFailure: AbleStar failedKjpj#^P]$$&΀15, 25064063Transit-O 1 (OPS 5798, NNS 30010)Calsphere 1 & 206 Oct 1964VDM21 AbleStar1035 x 1080 x 89.9 x 106.6;t%jj#^P]$$&rt16, 42364083Transit-O 2 (OPS 6582 NNS 30020)5E513 Dec 1964VDM21 AbleStar1027 x 1086 x 90 x 106.30cpjj#jP]$$&l^{€17, 44065017Transit-O 3 (OPS 7087 NNS 30030)Secor 0211 Mar 1965VDM21 AbleStar7qjj#\P]$$&ln18, 44765048Transit-O 4 (OPS 8480, NNS 30040)24 Jun 1965VDM21 AbleStar1025 x 1114 x 90 x 106.9_jqj#b+P]$$&Ѐր؀19, 45565065Transit-O 5 (OPS 8464, NNS 30050)Surcal (x3?)Dodecapole 2Tempsat 113 Aug 1965VDM21 AbleStar1089 x 1194 x 90 x 108.2ajj* $%Notes: in the launcher date & site column C stands for Cape Canaveral and V for Vandenberg.; qj7j1E&7jj< oThor AgenaGj~j5 :&" Thor AgenaD7jj* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra#~jj< FǷ-HǷ-HǷ-HǷ-HThe Agena stage was developped by Lockheed for the USAF. The first Thor Agena (with Discoverer1) was 23.2 m in height and weighed 48.5 tons. This version was Agena-A equipped with a Bell 8096 motor of 67 kN during 2 minutes. It couldn't be re-ignited on the contrary of the 1960 Agena-B. The Agena-D version featured a more powerful engine with 71 kN delivered during 4 minutes. All those rockets had the same diameter (1.52 m) and a variable length depending on the payload.\jjl Ƿ-H  = QdI䵟  duSAgena was used from 1959 to 1987 becoming the most used American top-stage with 350 launches mainly with military payloads:- reconnaissance satellites (Discoverer, Keyhole) sometimes orbited with military payloads (Ferret) or civilian payloads (Oscar).- ELINT satellites: large ones were launched as unique payload and small size ones together with reconnaissance satellites.But Thor Agena also launched:- scientific satellites (Solrad, Starad, STP), geodesy satellites (Secor, Starflash, Topo) and technological spacecrafts (TRS, GGSE, LOFTI, Surcal, LCS, Timation, SERT).[jSjK f "`MV.Nf8Sȉ- satellites for NASA (Alouette, Explorer 31, Echo 2, Pageos, OGO, Nimbus)=jj' , Thor Agena launchesuSj5k$# 4]y^]AO  j5kj&(>@^`pʀ#Launch idPayloadLaunch dateTypePerigee (km)Apogee (km)inc. (deg)period (min)CEjxk#́ 4]y^]AO 68RT`blv159002Discoverer-128 Feb 1959T AA16396889.796EG5kk#́ 4]y^]AO 68RT`blv259003Discoverer-213 Apr 1959T AA23934689.990.4D@xkk#؁ 4]y^]AO 24NP\^tx|3n/aDiscoverer-303 Jun 1959T AAfailurePLkQk#؁ 4]y^]AO JLfhtv4n/aDiscoverer-4 (KH-1 9001)25 Jun 1959T AAfailureOQkk#́ 4]y^]AO NPjlxz559005Discoverer-5 (KH-1 9002)13 Aug 1959T AA2177398094.2OQQkk#́ 4]y^]AO NPjlxz659006Discoverer-6 (KH-1 9003)19 Aug 1959T AA2128488495.3QSk@ k#́ 4]y^]AO NPjlxz759010Discoverer-7 (KH-1 9004)07 Nov 1959T AA15984781.694.7TVk k#́ 4]y^]AO NPjlxz859011Discoverer-8 (KH-1 9005)20 Nov 1959T AA1871 67980.7103.7PL@ k k#؁ 4]y^]AO JLfhtv9n/aDiscoverer-9 (KH-1 9006)04 Feb 1960T AAfailureRN k6k#؁ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz10n/aDiscoverer-10 (KH-1 9007)19 Feb 1960T AAfailureSU kk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~1160004Discoverer-11 (KH-1 9008)15 Apr 1960T AA17058980.192.2FB6k@k#؁ 4]y^]AO  k@kj68RT`bx|12n/aDiscoverer-1229 Jun 1960T AAfailureEGk Bk#́ 4]y^]AO  :<VXdfpz1360008Discoverer-1310 Aug 1960T AA25970182.994SU@ksCk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~1460010Discoverer-14 (KH-1 9009)18 Aug 1960T AA18680579.794.6SU BkDk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~1560012Discoverer-15 (KH-1 9010)13 Sep 1960T AA20972480.994.2RNsCkFk#؁ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz16n/aDiscoverer-16 (KH-1 9011)26 Oct 1960T ABfailureSUDkkGk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~1760015Discoverer-17 (KH-1 9012)12 Nov 1960T AB18799181.796.5SUFkHk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~1860018Discoverer-18 (KH-1 9013)07 Dec 1960T AB23366181.593.7EGkGkJk#́ 4]y^]AO  :<VXdfpz1960019Discoverer-1920 Dec 1960T AB20652083.493TVHkWKk#́ 4]y^]AO  TVpr~2061005Discoverer-20 (KH-5 9014A)17 Feb 1961T AB28878680.995.4IKJkLk#́ 4]y^]AO  :<VXdfp~2161006Discoverer-2118 Feb 1961T AB2401 06980.797.9RNWKkMk#؁ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz22n/aDiscoverer-22 (KH-2 9015)30 Mar 1961T ABfailureTVLkFOk#́ 4]y^]AO  TVpr~2361011Discoverer-23 (KH-5 9016A)08 Apr 1961T AB29565182.394.1SOMkk#؁ 4]y^]AO  PRlnFOkkjz|24n/aDiscoverer-24 (KH-5 9018A)08 Jun 1961T ABfailureSUFOkk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~2561014Discoverer-25 (KH-2 9017)16 Jun 1961T AB22240982.190.9QSkIk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~2661016Discoverer-26 (KH-2 9019)08 Jul 1961T AB23580982.995SOkk#؁ 4]y^]AO  PRlnz|27n/aDiscoverer-27 (KH-5 9025A)21 Jul 1961T ABfailureRNIkk#؁ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz28n/aDiscoverer-28 (KH-2 9028)03 Aug 1961T ABfailureSUkAk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~2961023Discoverer-29 (KH-3 9023)30 Aug 1961T AB22555582.191.5SUkk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~3061024Discoverer-30 (KH-3 9022)12 Sep 1961T AB23554682.792.4SUAkk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~3161026Discoverer-31 (KH-3 9024)17 Sep 1961T AB23539682.790.9SUk:k#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~3261027Discoverer-32 (KH-3 9025)13 Oct 1961T AB23439581.790.8RNkk#؁ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz33n/aDiscoverer-33 (KH-3 9026)23 Oct 1961T ABfailureUW:kk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~3461029Discoverer-34 (KH-3 9027)05 Nov 1961T AB2271 01182.597.1SUk4k#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~3561030Discoverer-35 (KH-3 9028)15 Nov 1961T AB23827881.689.7kfkk#ځ 4]y^]AO   쉂tv4kkj3661034A: Discoverer-36 (KH-3 9029)B: Oscar 0112 Dec 1961T AB23845081.291.8RN4kk#؁ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz37n/aDiscoverer-37 (KH-3 9030)13 Jan 1962T ABfailure79k4k#́r 4]y^]AO  "$>@LNXbj3862004?21 Feb 1962T AB1673748290QSkk#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp|~3962005Discoverer-38 (KH-4 9031)27 Feb 1962T AB20834182.290JL4kk#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4062011KH-4 #2 (9032)18 Apr 1962T AB19929773.590.9JLkk#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4162017KH-4 #3 (9033)29 Apr 1962T AB17736473.191.1IKkbk#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`lnx4262018KH-5 #5 (9034A)15 May 1962T AB30563482.394JLkk#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4362021KH-4 #4 (9035)30 May 1962T AB19931974.189.7j_bkk #恾 4]y^]AO  ,쉂fh4462022A: KH-4 #5 (9036)B: Oscar 0202 Jun 1962T AB21138574.390.5CEkYk#́ 4]y^]AO  24NP\^hr~4562024ELINT 1#118 Jun 1962T AB37041182.192.4JLkk#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4662026KH-4 #6 (9037)23 Jun 1962T AB21329375.189.6HJYkk#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4762027KH-4 #7 (9038)28 Jun 1962T AD2116897693.6JLkAl#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4862031KH-4 #8 kAlj (9039)21 Jul 1962T AB20838170.990.4JLkl#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^jlv4962032KH-4 #9 (9040)28 Jul 1962T AB22229371.190.6IKAll#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~5062034KH-4 #10 (9041)02 Aug 1962T AD20441882.290.8IKll#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~5162042KH-4 #11 (9044)29 Aug 1962T AD18740065.290.4KMlhl#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`lnx5262044KH-5 #6 (9042A)01 Sep 1962T AB33363782.894.4QSll#́ 4]y^]AO  NPjlxz5362046KH-4 #12 (9043) + TRS-117 Sep 1962T AB20466881.893.3WMhll #䁚 4]y^]AO  *H6<>XZfhr5462049Alouette 129 Sep 1962T AB9961 03280.5105.5IKlY l#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~5562050KH-4 #13 (9045)29 Sep 1962T AD20337665.490.3GIl l#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`lnx5662053KH-5 #7 (9046A)09 Oct 1962T AB2134278291EGY l l#́ 4]y^]AO  02LNZ\ft5762058Starad 126 Oct 1962T AD1985 57071.4147.9GI l, l#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~5862063KH-4 #14 (9047)05 Nov 1962T AB2084097590.7IK lul#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~5962065KH-4 #15 (9048)24 Nov 1962T AB20433765.189.9IK, ll#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~6062066KH-4 #16 (9049)04 Dec 1962T AD19427365.189.2ullAl# 4]y^]AOllAlj  (à΀ڀ܀6162067A: Black SphereB: Injun 3C: Surcal 1D: Surcal 1AE: Calsphere 1A13 Dec 1962T AD2352 78570.4116.3GIlBl#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~6262069KH-4 #17 (9050)14 Dec 1962T AD1993927190.5IKlAlCl#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~6363002KH-4 #18 (9051)07 Jan 1963T AD20539982.290.5FHBlBEl#́ 4]y^]AO  24NPbdnx6463003ELINT 1#216 Jan 1963T AB?D?45953381.994.7JFClFl#؁ 4]y^]AO  :<VXhj65n/aKH-4 #19 (9052)28 Feb 1963TAT ADfailureKGBElGl#؁ 4]y^]AO  <>XZjl66n/aKH-6 #1 (8001)18 Mar 1963TAT ADfailureIKFl Il#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~6763007KH-4 #20 (9053)01 Apr 1963T AD20140875.490.7JFGljJl#؁ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hj68n/aKH-5 #8 (9055A)26 Apr 1963T ADfailureLN IlKl#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^npz6963016KH-6 #2 (8002)18 May 1963TAT AD15349774.591.1KMjJlMl#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\lnx7063019KH-4 #21 (9054)13 Jun 1963TAT AD19241981.990.7KlNl# 4]y^]AO  * 4ƀȀ7163021A: classifiedB: LOFTI 2AC: Solrad 06AD: Radose 112E: FTV 1292F: Surcal 1B15 Jun 1963T AD18589069.993Y[Mll#́ 4]y^]AO  Z\vx7263025KH-4 #22 (9056)+ HitchHiker-127 Jun 1963TAT AD19639681.690.Nllj5CENlRl#́ 4]y^]AO  24NP\^hr~7363027ELINT 1#329 Jun 1963T AB48453682.394.8IKll#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~7463029KH-4 #23 (9057)18 Jul 1963T AD19438782.990.4JLRll#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^npz7563032KH-6 #3 (8003)31 Jul 1963TAT AD1574117590.4KMl0l#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|7663034KH-4A #1 (1001)24 Aug 1963TAT AD2253227589.4TVll#́ 4]y^]AO  TVpr~7763035KH-5 #9 (9058A) + Ferret29 Aug 1963T AD29232481.990.8MO0lчl#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|7863037KH-4A #2 (1002)24 Sep 1963TAT AD16144174.990.6UWl&l#́ 4]y^]AO  RTnp7963042KH-5 #10 (9059A) + Ferret29 Oct 1963TAT AD27934589.990.8HDчlnl#؁ 4]y^]AO  :<VXdf|80n/aKH-4 #24 (9060)09 Nov 1963T ADfailureGI&ll#́ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\hjt~8163048KH-4 #25 (9061)27 Nov 1963T AD1753867090.2RTnll#́ 4]y^]AO  PRln~8263055KH-4 #26 (9062) + Ferret21 Dec 1963TAT AD17635564.990lÎl9#@ 4]y^]AO  $*PhA $ 4Ȁʀր؀8364001A: US Navy classifiedB: GGSE 1C: Secor 01BD: Solrad 07A11 Jan 1964T AD90593569.9103.5>@l l#́ 4]y^]AO  &(BDPR\fr8464002(2)19 Jan 1964T AD81082599.1101.3Îl ljUKÎlbl #䁖 4]y^]AO  *MV.46PR^`n|8564004Echo 225 Jan 1964T AB1 0921 31681.5108.9KM ll#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|8664008KH-4A #3 (1004)15 Feb 1964TAT AD1794447590.9ACbll#́ 4]y^]AO  24NP\^hrz8764011ELINT 1#428 Feb 1964T AD4795208294.7LHl:l#؁ 4]y^]AO  >@Z\ln88n/aKH-4A #4 (1003)24 Mar 1964TAT ADfailureMOll#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|8964022KH-4A #5 (1005)27 Apr 1964TAT AD17844679.990.8RT:ll#́ 4]y^]AO  (*PRln~9064026 or 027KH-4A #6 (1006)05 Jun 1964TAT AD1494298090.3XZl1l#́ 4]y^]AO  ^`z|9164030KH-5 #11 (9065A) + Starflash-1A13 Jun 1964T AD35036411591.7>@lol#́ 4]y^]AO  &(BDPR\fr9264031(2)18 Jun 1964T AD82884299.8101.6KM1ll#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|9364032KH-4A #7 (1007)19 Jun 1964TAT AD1764628590.9CEoll#́ 4]y^]AO  24NP\^hr~9464035ELINT 1#503 Jul 1964T AD50152982.194.9IKlFl#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|9564037KH-4A #8 (1008)10 Jul 1964TAT AD1804618591KMll#́ 4]y^]AO  BD^`pr|9664043KH-4A #9 (1009)05 Aug 1964TAT AD1824368090.7XZFlm#́ 4]y^]AO  lmj^`z|9764048KH-5 #11 (9065A) + Starflash-1B21 Aug 1964T AD34936311591.6RHlGm #䁐 4]y^]AO  *Q;C8:TVbdnx9864052Nimbus 128 Aug 1964T AB42993798.498.7JLmm#́ 4]y^]AO  @B\^npz9964056KH-4A #10 (1010)14 Sep 1964TAT AD2384668590.9KMGmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10064061KH-4A #11 (1011)05 Oct 1964TAT AD1824407890.7KMm'm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10164067KH-4A #12 (1012)17 Oct 1964TAT AD1894167590.6MOmtm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10264071KH-4A #13 (1013)02 Nov 1964TAT AD18044879.990.7BD'mm#́ 4]y^]AO 46PR^`jt|10364072ELINT 1#604 Nov 1964T AD5125268295.1KMtm m#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10464075KH-4A #14 (1014)18 Nov 1964TAT AD1803397089.7KMmL m#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10564085KH-4A #15 (1015)19 Dec 1964TAT AD1834107590.5>@ m m#́ 4]y^]AO $&@BRT^ht10664087?21 Dec 1964TAT AD23826470.189.5KML m m#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10765002KH-4A #16 (1016)15 Jan 1965TAT AD1804207590.5MO m"m#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|10865013KH-4A #17 (1017)25 Feb 1965TAT AD17737775.190.1 m(Am<#F} 4]y^]AO j 4hAhA 4m^{쉂"$"m(Amj>@LNXbn10965016A: Solrad 06BB: GGSE 2C: GGSE 3D: Solrad 07BE: Secor 03F: Oscar 03G: Surcal 2H: Porcupine 1 (Dodecapole 1)09 Mar 1965T AD91093970.1103.5MO"muBm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11065026KH-4A #18 (1018)25 Mar 1965TAT AD18626596.189.1IK(AmCm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11165033KH-4A #19 (1019)29 Apr 1965TAT AD1784738591KMuBm Em#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11265037KH-4A #20 (1021)18 May 1965TAT AD1983317589.7MOCmVFm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11365045KH-4A #21 (1020)09 Jun 1965TAT AD17636275.189.8DF EmGm#́ 4]y^]AO 46PR^`jt11465055ELINT 1#717 Jul 1965T AD47151270.294.5KMVFmHm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11565057KH-4A #22 (1022)19 Jul 1965TAT AD18246485.191KMGm0Jm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11665067KH-4A #23 (1023)17 Aug 1965TAT AD1804077090.4D@HmtKm#؁ 4]y^]AO .0JL\^tx|117n/aStarad 202 Sep 1965TAT ADfailureIK0JmLm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11865074KH-4A #24 (1024)22 Sep 1965TAT AD1913648090KMtKmNm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|11965079KH-4A #25 (1025)05 Oct 1965TAT AD2033237589.8EGLmMOm#́ 4]y^]AO ,.HJZ\ft12065081OGO-214 Oct 1965TAT AD4151 51787.4104.4KMNmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`MOmmjpr|12165086KH-4A #26 (1026)28 Oct 1965TAT AD1764307590.5|_MOm m# 4]y^]AO "I6$<`\^xz12265098Alouette 2Explorer 3129 Nov 1965Thor A5052 98779.8121.4KMmkm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|12365102KH-4A #27 (1027)09 Dec 1965TAT AD1834378090.7KM mm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|12465110KH-4A #28 (1028)24 Dec 1965TAT AD1784468090.8MOkmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|12566007KH-4A #29 (1029)02 Feb 1966TAT AD18542575.190.6DFmGm#́ 4]y^]AO 46PR^`jt12666009ELINT 1#809 Feb 1966T AD50851282.194.8KMmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|12766018KH-4A #30 (1030)09 Mar 1966TAT AD1784327590.6MOGm߉m#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|12866029KH-4A #31 (1031)07 Apr 1966TAT AD19331275.189.6LHm+m#؁ 4]y^]AO >@Z\ln129n/aKH-4A #32 (1032)03 May 1966TAT ADfailure[Q߉mm #䁢 4]y^]AO *R;C:<VXhjx13066040Nimbus 215 May 1966TAT AD1 1031 179100.3108.2IK+mύm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|13166042KH-4A #33 (1033)24 May 1966TAT AD1792716689MOmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|13266055KH-4A #34 (1034)21 Jun 1966TAT AD19436780.190.2XNύmm #䁜 4]y^]AO *Nf68RTdftmmj13366056Pageos24 Jun 1966TAT AD4 2074 27187.1181.4PRmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv13466072KH-4A #35 (1035)09 Aug 1966LTTAT AD194287100.189.4MOmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|13566085KH-4A #36 (1036)20 Sep 1966TAT AD18844285.190.9NPmkm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|13666102KH-4A #37 (1037)08 Nov 1966TAT AD172318100.189.4BDmm#́ 4]y^]AO 46PR^`jt|13766118ELINT 1#929 Dec 1966T AD4864967594.4MOkmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|13867002KH-4A #38 (1038)14 Jan 1967TAT AD18038080.190.1KMmEm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|13967015KH-4A #39 (1039)22 Feb 1967TAT AD1803808090.1KMmm#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`pr|14067029KH-4A #40 (1040)30 Mar 1967TAT AD1673268589.5XZEmm#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr14167043KH-4A #41 (1041) + Ferret09 May 1967LTTAT AD20077785.194.4mm(#M 4]y^]AO BhAhAԀ ",6>14267053A: navigation satellite (OPS 5712)C: GGSE 4D: GGSE 5E: Timation 1F: Surcal 159J: Surcal 150B31 May 1967T AD91492870103.5TVm m#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr14367062KH-4A #42 (1042) + Ferret16 Jun 1967LTTAT AD1813678090EGmOm#́ 4]y^]AO 68RT`blv14467071ELINT 1#1025 Jul 1967T AD39058275.194.3PF mn #䁌 4]y^]AO *}V46POmnjRbdnx14567073OGO 428 Jul 1967TAT AD4119038697.9OQOmn#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv14667076KH-4A #43 (1043)07 Aug 1967LTTAT AD17434679.989.7PRnJn#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx14767087KH-4B #1 (1101)15 Sep 1967LTTAT AD15038980.189.9XZnn#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr14867109KH-4A #44 (1044) + Ferret02 Nov 1967LTTAT AD18341081.590.5PRJnn#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx14967122KH-4B #2 (1102)09 Dec 1967LTTAT AD15823781.788.5EGn7n#́ 4]y^]AO 68RT`blv15068004ELINT 1#1117 Jan 1968T AD45057675.294.5WYnn#́ 4]y^]AO RTnp15168008KH4A #45 (1045) + Ferret24 Jan 1968LTTAT AD17643081.590.6VX7n n#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr15268020KH-4A #46 (1046) + Ferret14 Mar 1968LTTAT AD1783918390.2PRn4 n#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx15368039KH-4B #3 (1103)01 May 1968LTTAT AD16424383.188.6lO n n# 4]y^]AO " K6LNhjz|154n/aNimbus 3ASecor-1018 May 1968TAT ADfailureVX4 n n#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr15568052KH-4A #47 (1047) + Ferret20 Jun 1968LTTAT AD1933268589.7PR nFn#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx15668065KH-4B #4 (1104)07 Aug 1968LTTAT AD15225782.188.6VX n@n#́ 4]y^]AO TVprFn@nj15768078KH-4A #48 (1048) + Ferret18 Sep 1968LTTAT AD1673438390.1BDFnAn#́ 4]y^]AO 46PR^`jt|15868086ELINT 2#105 Oct 1968T AD4835117594.6PR@n:Cn#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx15968098KH-4B #5 (1105)03 Nov 1968LTTAT AD15028882.288.9Z\AnDn#́ 4]y^]AO \^xz16068112KH-4A #49 (1049) + Ferret ABM12 Dec 1968LTTAT AD1692488188.7]_:CnEn#́ 4]y^]AO ^`z|16169010KH-4B #6 (1106) + Ferret ABM05 Feb 1969LTTAT AD17823981.588.7VXDnGGn#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr16269026KH-4A #50 (1050) + Ferret19 Mar 1969LTTAT AD1792418388.7y\EnHn# 4]y^]AO "S;C$8^{RTnp16369037Nimbus 3Secor 1314 Apr 1969TAT AD1 0751 13099.9107.4VXGGnJn#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr16469041KH-4A #51 (1051) + Ferret02 May 1969LTTAT AD1793266689.5RHHnhKn #䁐 4]y^]AO *}V46PRbdn|16569051OGO 605 Jun 1969TAT AD3971 0898299.7NPJnLn#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx16669063KH-4B #7 (1107)24 Jul 1969LTTAT AD1872117588.5FHhKnMn#́ 4]y^]AO 46PRfhr|16769065ELINT 2#231 Jul 1969LTTAT AD1535747591.5VXLnROn#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr16869079KH-4A #52 (1052) + Ferret22 Sep 1969LTTAT AD1802508588.8Mnn(#+ 4]y^]AO XROnnjҀԀ 169?Anonymous ELINT ?Timation 2Anonymous (5)Tempsat 2Soical CylinderSoical Cone30 Sep 1969TAT AD4504807093.9PRROnkn#́ 4]y^]AO DF`bvx17069105KH-4B #8 (1108)04 Dec 1969LTTAT AD15925181.588.6DFnn#́ 4]y^]AO .0JL\^hv17170009SERT-204 Feb 1970TAT AD9951 00699.1105WYknn#́ 4]y^]AO VXrt17270016KH-4B #9 (1109) + Ferret04 Mar 1970LTTAT AD1591678887.7u^n{n# 4]y^]AO "T;C8Z\vx17370025Nimbus 4Topo-1 (SECOR)08 Apr 1970TAT AD1 0931 10799.8107VXnчn#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr17470040KH-4B #10 (1110) + Ferret20 May 1970LTTAT AD1622468388.6KM{nn#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv17570054KH-4B #11 (1111)23 Jul 1970LTTAT AD1583986090FHчnbn#́ 4]y^]AO 46PRfhr|17670066ELINT 2#326 Aug 1970LTTAT AD4845047594.5VXnn#́ 4]y^]AO TVpr17770098KH-4B #12 (1112) + Ferret18 Nov 1970LTTAT AD1852328388.7PLbnn#؁ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv17871012KH-4B #13 (1113)17 Feb 1971LTTAT ADfailureOQnWn#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv17971022KH-4B #14 (1114)24 Mar 1971LTTAT AD15824681.588.6FHnn#́ 4]y^]AO 46PRfhr|18071060ELINT 2#416 Jul 1971LTTAT AD4885077594.6XZWnn#́ 4]y^]AO nnjTVpr18171076KH-4B #15 (1115) + Ferret10 Sep 1971LTTAT AD15624474.988.5MOnNn#́ 4]y^]AO <>XZnpz18271089STP-1 (ASTEX)17 Oct 1971LTTAT AD77280392.7100.6QSnn#́ 4]y^]AO HJdfz|18371110NOSS (experimental)14 Dec 1971LTTAT AD98499870104.9OQNnn#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv18472032KH-4B #16 (1116)19 Apr 1972LTTAT AD15427781.588.8OQn=n#́ 4]y^]AO BD^`tv18572039KH-4B #17 (1117)25 May 1972LTTAT AD15830596.389.2n=n7 <%Ƿ-H(Notes: in the type column, AA, AB & AD stand for Agena A, B et D; T stands for Thor, TAT for Thrust Augmented Thor and LTTAT for Long Tank Thrust Augmented Thor. All launches from Vandenberg.==nzn' ,O Additional payloads =nn+ $Ferret: U.S. piggyback electronic intelligence gathering (60 kg)1) with KH-5 satellites (Thor and TAT Agena): 3 ferrets2) with KH-7 satellites (Atlas Agena): 8 ferrets3) with KH-4A/B (LTTAT Agena): 16 ferrets of which 2 ferrets ABM4) with KH-9 (Titan 3D and 34D): 14 ferrets of which 4 ferrets ABM (plus a failure on April 18, 1986)5) USA 41 (STS-28): 1 ferret ?HitchHiker 1 (80 kg) Measurement of radiation in the Earth's Van Allen belts; Returned data for three months.nznn( Starflash 1A/B : Geodetic functionTRS 1 (Tetraedral Research Satellite) = ERS 2 (Environmental Research Satellite)Mass = 667 g; Tetraedral shape measuring 15 cm across the base; 28 solar cells producing 1.2 W; 1 m long antenna; Measurement of radiation from the Starfish nuclear detonation; ERS 2 failed to eject from the KH-4/Agena assembly and was unusable.7nSn'  O Main payloadsnZn* "ELINT (1st generation) : U.S. electronic intelligence gathering (700 kg)Launched at six-months intervals, a total of eleven 1st generation ELINT satellites were flown on Thor-Agena B and Thor-Agena D.ELINT (2nd generation) : U.S. electronic intelligence gathering (900 kg)On-board processor to analyze electronic data; A total of four 2nd generation ELINT satellites were flown on LTTAT-Agena D in 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1971.NOSS (700 kg) Navy Ocean Surveillance System=Snn* "'Three separate satellites.Starad 1 (1100 kg) Measurement of radiation from the Starfish nuclear detonationEnd of ops : 18 Jan 1963; Reentered : 5 Oct 1967STP 1 (ASTEX) : Space Test Program (Advanced Space Technology) 1185 kgTwo primary experiments : ERIS (Earth Reflecting Ionospheric Sounder, 19 separate instruments for collecting data on proton, alpha and electron particles entering the upper atmosphere) and FRUSA (Flexible Rolled-Up Solar Array, 1.7 x 5.0 m array supporting 34,000 solar cells and producing 1,500 W)CZnn' 8O Multiple payload launches noT vq noj      13 Dec 1962: 5 satellites; combined payload weighing 138 kg- Black Sphere- Injun 3 (52 kg) Radiation belt monitor (magnetic field, solar wind and particles)- Surcal 1 : Surveillance Calibration- Surcal 1A : Surveillance Calibration- Calsphere 1A : Calibration Sphere15 Jun 1963: 6 satellites; Total mass = 1628 kg- Primary : Agena D classified satellite (1500 kg) - Lofti 2A (26 kg) Low Frequency Trans IonospherenoK ds     - Solrad 6A (39 kg) Solar Radiation- Radose (25 kg) Radiation Dosimeter- Anonymous (35 kg) classified satellite; FTV 1292- Surcal 1C (3 kg) Surveillance Calibration11 Jan 1964: 5 satellites- Primary: US Navy classified satellite (700 kg)- GGSE 1 (39 kg) Gravity-Gradient Stabilization Experiment- Secor 1 (18 kg) Sequential Collation of Range; Beacon transmitter for geodetic function- Solrad 7A (45 kg) Solar Radiation#oo`          - Greb (Galactic Radiation Energy Background)9 Mar 1965: 8 satellites; Total mass = 136 kg- Solrad 6B (40 kg) Solar Radiation- GGSE 2 & 3 (4 kg) Gravity-Gradient Stabilization Experiment- Solrad 7B (47 kg) Solar Radiation- Secor 3 (18 kg) Sequential Collation of Range; Geodetic monitor- Oscar 3 (14 kg) - Surcal 2 (5 kg) Surveillance Calibration- Dodecahedron (4 kg) Surveillance Calibration (or Porcupine, or Dodecapole)Hoaok           31 May 1967: 9 satellites- Anonymous navigation satellite (38 kg)- Timation 1 (4 kg) Test of quartz clocks for navigation equipments- Surcal (3 objects): Surveillance Calibration- Calsphere (2.4 kg, 50 cm) Calibration Sphere- Calsphere (1.5 kg, 40 cm) Calibration Sphere- GGSE 4 & 5 (4 kg) Gravity-Gradient Stabilization Experiment30 Sep 1969: 10 satellites- Anonymous ELINT ?- Timation 2 (4 kg) Test of quartz clocks for navigation equipmentso< o< F?    - Anonymous (5 objects)- Tempsat 2- Soical Cylinder: Space Object Identification Calibration- Soical Cone: Space Object Identification Calibration1aom o1Wm o o oT+< o o) "VȠ$To view this page you need to register&m o o# ; o" o1=" o otThor DeltaG oi o5 :&" Thor Deltae4" o o1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebsi3i o7 o6 :g㰭=H㯃4Ƿ-HAt the end of 1958, not long after NASA was founded, the necessity of a new civilian launcher arose. This vehicle was to be available quickly until the arrival of the Atlas and Centaur. The basic stage could only be Thor associated with one of the 3 top stages available: Able, Ablestar and Agena. Refering to the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet NASA named this new stage Delta in January 1959. Three months later the construction was granted to Douglas Aircraft (a dozen rockets were ordered) and the naming Thor Delta (or simply Delta) was adopted. oQ@o- (LV.The original Delta was almost identical to Thor Able: first stage was Thor, and the second and third stage was inherited from Vanguard. The improvments were in the field of inertial guiding and active piloting during the ballistic phase between shutdown of the second stage and ignition of the third stage. This first version was 27.8 m high and weighed 51 tons; it could put 45 kg in LEO.Its first launch on 13 May 1960 ended in a failure; the third stage didn't work. But the 12 August the second Delta was successful in orbiting Echo 1; this was the first of 22 successes. NASA went on using such launchers because of their reliability and their low cost and 7 oQ@o obecause of the improvements made by Douglas then McDonnell Douglas.v7 o DoE X_ 0   _ 0The A version (1962) resulted of the use of the MB3-3 motor; the B version (1962) of the lengthening of the second stage; the C version (1963) had a new third stage; the D version (1964) had Castor boosters added to the first stage. The TAD (Thrust Augmented Delta) could place 450 kg on a 800 km orbit.The second stage was replaced in the E version (1965) resulting in the TAID (Thrust Augmented Improved Delta). The diameter of the second stage changed from 0.92 m to 1.43 m. This tripled the combustion time. The LTTAD (Long Tank Thrust Augmented Delta) appeared in the M version in 1968. the M-6 version of 1969 featured 6 Castor boosters; 3 ignited at takeoff and the others burned after the first ones shutdowned. Then not 6 but 9 boosters were included which enabled Delta to deliver 350 kg in GEO and 650 kg in a 550 km circular orbit (in 2-stage configuration).Q@oGo- (E_ 0"Straight 8" appeared in the early 70ies; this Delta version had a constant diameter: 2.44 m (8 ft). The version naming changed at the same time to become a 4-digit number: the two first digits specify the type of the first stage and the number of strap-on boosters. The two last digits refer to the type of the second and the third stage.The 2910 version featured a Rocketdyne RS-27 first stage motor burning during 225 seconds and 9 Castor-2 boosters. The second stage was made from an Aerojet AJ10-118F motor (aerozin 50 & N204) delivering 4.3 t thrust during 320 seconds or a TRW TR-201 motor derived from the Lem descent motor using the same propellants. The 2-stage 2910 Delta could deliver 2 tons in orbit. The 3-stage 2914 version launched for the first time in 1972 featured a Thiokol TE364-4 third stage motor providing 6.5 tons thrust during 44 seconds; it could launch 720 kg payloads in geosynchronous orbit.J DodKo? LK\_ 0_ 0 The 2900 series was to be the last Delta series but as the Shuttle wasn't operational before 1980 NASA ordered the development of a new series for heavier payloads.The 3914 Delta appeared in 1975. This version had its Castor-2s replaced by Castor-4s of 1 m diameter and 10 m high providing each 42 tons thrust during 56 seconds. The GEO capacity reached 930 kg. In 1980 as the third stage was replaced by a PAM-D (Payload Assist Module / Delta) equipped with a Thiokol Star 48 engine capable of 8.6 tons thrust during 85 seconds; Delta 3910 PAM peformance reached 1090 kg in GEO. In 1982 the second stage was replaced by a larger version (+30% propellant) with an Aerojet AJ10-118K (borrowed from Titan-3's Transtage) providing 4.35 tons thrust during 430 seconds. This Delta 3920 PAM of 35.5 m high could launch 1250 kg in GEO.MGoNo? LK\QS_ 0In 1984 NASA transfered Delta to a private company: Transpace Carrier Inc. At the end on the year it was believed that the launcher would be abandonned and replaced by the Shuttle. But after Challenger's accident in 1986 the launcher reappeared.In 1987 the improved Delta was selected by the USAF as Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) to place in orbit the second generation of Navstar satellites. The new launched was named Delta-2 and was designed in two stages: first the 6920 series then the 7920 series. The 6925 version was derived from Delta 3920 PAM by replacing the boosters by Castor-4As and lengthening the first stage of 3.65 m, extending the burn duration to 265 seconds. The diameter of the bulb cap was upped to 2.83 m. The launcher which first flew in 1989 was 39.6 m high, weighed 215 tons and could place 1400 kg in GEO.dKoƀo+ $? The latest version is model 7925 which first launch occured in 1991. Its first stage is equipped with a RS-27 motor which nozzle was lengthened (12:1 instead of 8:1). The Thiokol boosters were replaced by Hercules GEM (GraphiNoƀo ote Epoxy Motors) with weight reduced structure. Those boosters are 12 m long, weigh over 12.7 tons and provide 4.8 tons thrust. Delta 7925 weighs 225 tons and can place 1610 kg in GEO.:Noo' & Current versionsbƀoboJ#d0Q  ModelDescriptiong&oɁoA#RLQ7320Delta II Lite with 3 strapons@boJoA#RQ7326Delta II Lite with 3 strapons and Star 37FM third stageg&ɁooA#RLQ7420Delta II Lite with 4 strapons@Jo2oA#RQ7425Delta II Lite with 4 strapons and PAM-D (Star 48) stageu4ooA#RhQ7426Delta II Lite with 4 strapons and Star 37FMi(2ooA#RPQ7920Delta II standard, LEO missionsDooA#RQ7925Delta II with PAM-D third stage for GEO and escape missionsBooA#RQ8930Delta III with GEM LDXL strapons and LH2/LOX second stageo.oo O j牂 jUTVTr2   H͉Delta in its different Delta-1 configurations launched numerous satellites on various orbits especially scientific satellites:- with low perigee (ADE)- with high apogee (IMP, ISEE 1 & ISEE 2, Exosat)- in lunar orbit (IMP-F, RAE-B)- to the Solar-Earth Lagrange point (ISEE-3)- and interplanetary probes (Pioneer, ICE former-ISEE-3)Among the scientific mission satellites some were launched:Go1o F  ֋~㖨Ԝ hڜ֋v>UU <4~WVTUXT㯃\㰃\r2H͉ BOUUTɑȉ"S L- with collaboration (ISEE, IUE, AMPTE)- for foreign states (Ariel, Isis, IRAS)- or for international organizations (Heos, TD 1A, ISEE 2, COS B, ESA-Geos 1, ESA-Geos 2, Exosat)Application missions were aimed at:- meteorology (Tiros, Essa, Itos / NOAA, Nimbus, SMS, Goes)q.oo >s 郉 Vck㾩A~`ZISӉ CIxug ۢ&S>؉kS_z:GwS- remote sensing (Landsat)Especially for telecommunication satellites such as:- American satellites (Telstar, Relay, Syncom, Westar, Satcom, SBS, Galaxy) - International satellites (Intelsat, NATO) - or foreign satellites (Skynet, Anik, Symphonie, CTS, Palapa, OTS, Sirio, Insat...)Delta-2 versions were initially developped for the Navstar-2 satellites... but is not limited to them:1oo` a vMUr#WN}PU؉ ‰JaSZug- scientific satellites (Cobe, Rosat, EUVE, Geotail)- telecommunication satellites (BSB, Satcom, NATO,...)Currently Delta is owned by McDonnell Douglas=oo' , Thor Delta launchesVuoEo#4]A]2   $& <> \ l|~#Launch idPayloadLaunch dateSiteTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)7oKo#nn4]A]2 &(BJLX1n/aEcho 113 May 1960CDM19Failure3EoYo#nf4]A]2 LV.02LTKoYo oVb260009Echo 1A12 Aug 1960CDM194Ko\o#nh4]A]2 ;ܗ+24NVXd360016Tiros 0223 Nov 1960CDM197Yobo#nn4]A]2 l`8:T\^j461010Explorer 1025 Mar 1961CDM194\oeo#nh4]A]2 <ܗ+24NVXd561017Tiros 0312 Jul 1961CDM197boko#nn4]A]2 d`8:T\^j661020Explorer 1215 Aug 1961CDM194eono#nh4]A]2 =ܗ+24NVXd762002Tiros 0408 Feb 1962CDM191kono#nb4]A]2 V,.HPR^862006OSO 107 Mar 1962CDM193nopo#nf4]A]2 d$t02LTVb962015Ariel 126 Apr 1962CDM195noto#nj4]A]2 >ܗ+46PXZf1062025Tiros 0519 Jun 1962CDM196poyo#nl4]A]2 zz68RZ\h1162029Telstar 110 Jul 1962CDM195to}o#nj4]A]2 ?ܗ+46PXZf1262047Tiros 0618 Sep 1962CDM195yoo#nj4]A]2 f`:<V^`f1362051Explorer 1402 Oct 1962CA5}oo#nj4]A]2 g`:<V^`f1462059Explorer 1527 Oct 1962CA1oo#nb4]A]2 24NVX^1562068Relay 113 Dec 1962CB2oo#nd4]A]2 sH46PXZ`1663004Syncom 114 Feb 1963CB5oo#nj4]A]2 i`:<V^`f1763009Explorer 1703 Apr 1963CB3op#nf4]A]2 op ozz68RZ\b1863013Telstar 207 May 1963CB2op#nd4]A]2 @ܗ+46PXZ`1963024Tiros 0719 Jun 1963CB2pp#nd4]A]2 sH46PXZ`2063031Syncom 226 Jul 1963CB5pp#nj4]A]2 j`:<V^`f2163046Explorer 1827 Nov 1963CC2pp#nd4]A]2 Aܗ+46PXZ`2263054Tiros 0821 Dec 1963CB1pp#nb4]A]2 24NVX^2364003Relay 221 Jan 1964CB >pp#n|4]A]2 :<V^`f24n/aExplorer (BE A)19 Mar 1964CBFailure2pp#nd4]A]2 sH46PXZ`2564047Syncom 319 Aug 1964CD5pp#nj4]A]2 `:<V^`f2664060Explorer 2104 Oct 1964CC5p p#nj4]A]2 `:<V^`f2764086Explorer 2621 Dec 1964CC2p p#nd4]A]2 Bܗ+46PXZ`2865004Tiros 0922 Jan 1965CC/ p p#n^4]A]2 V.0JRTZ2965007OSO 203 Feb 1965CC6 p p#nl4]A]2 rĉ<>X`bh3065028Intelsat 10106 Apr 1965CD5 p p#nj4]A]2 `:<V^`f3165042Explorer 2829 May 1965CC2 pp#nd4]A]2 ڗ+46PXZ`3265051Tiros 1002 Jul 1965CC4 pp#nh4]A]2 &(BJLR33n/aOSO C25 Aug 1965CCFailure5p@p#nj4]A]2p@p o `:<V^`f3465089Explorer 2906 Nov 1965CEEpAp#b4]A]2 24NVX^3565105Pioneer-616 Dec 1965CEInterplanetary probe0@pBp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\3666008Essa 103 Feb 1966CC0ApCp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\3766016Essa 228 Feb 1966CE6BpDp#nl4]A]2 `:<V^`h3866044Explorer 3225 May 1966CC1 QCpFp#n4]A]2 `:<V^`h3966058Explorer 3301 Jul 1966CE130532 x 494230 x 29 x 19488FDpGp#b4]A]2 24NVX`4066075Pioneer-717 Aug 1966CE1Interplanetary probe0FpHp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\4166087Essa 302 Oct 1966VEHGp-Ip#z4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bj4266096Intelsat 20126 Oct 1966CE1Partial failureGHp=Jp#b4]A]2 02LTV\4366114Biosat-114 Dec 1966CG295 x 309 x 33.5 x 90.47-IpCKp#nn4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bj4467001Intelsat 20211 Jan 1967CE10=JpBLp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\4567006Essa 426 Jan 1967VE/CKp@Mp#n^4]A]2 V.0JRTZ4667020OSO 308 Mar 1967CC7BLpFNp#nn4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bj4767026Intelsat 20323 Mar 1967CE10@MpEOp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\4867036Essa 520 Apr 1967VE6FNpVp#nl4]A]2 `:<V^`EOpVp oh4967051Explorer 3424 May 1967VE1EEOpdp#b4]A]2 BD^fhp5067070Explorer 35 (IMP)19 Jul 1967CE1Lunar orbitGVptp#b4]A]2 02LTV\5167083Biosat-207 Sep 1967CG286 x 313 x 33.5 x 90.47dpzp#nn4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bj5267094Intelsat 20428 Sep 1967CE10tpyp#n`4]A]2 V.0JRT\5367100OSO 418 Oct 1967CE11zpyp#nb4]A]2 102LTV^5467114Essa 610 Nov 1967VC1 Vypp#d4]A]2 RTnvx5567123Pioneer-8TATS 1 (TETR 1)13 Dec 1967CE1Interplanetary probe6ypp#nl4]A]2 `:<V^`h5668002Explorer 3611 Jan 1968VE15pp#nj4]A]2 `:<V^`f5768055Explorer 3804 Jul 1968VJ0pp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\5868069Essa 716 Aug 1968VN=pp#zz4]A]2 ĉ8:T\^d59n/aIntelsat 30118 Sep 1968CMFailureMpʋp#d4]A]2 @B\dfn6068100Pioneer-9TETR 208 Nov 1968CE1Interplanetary probe1pʌp#nb4]A]2 WI02LTV^6168109Heos 105 Dec 1968CE10ʋpɍp#n`4]A]2 102LTV\6268114Essa 815 Dec 1968VN6ʌpΎp#nl4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh6368116Intelsat 30219 Dec 1968CM0ɍp͏p#n`4]A]2 V.0JRT\6469006OSO 522 Jan 1969CC11Ύpp#nb4]A]2͏pp o T02LTV^6569009Isis 130 Jan 1969VE16͏pp#nl4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh6669011Intelsat 30306 Feb 1969CM1pp#nb4]A]2 102LTV^6769016Essa 926 Feb 1969CE16pp#nl4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh6869045Intelsat 30422 May 1969CM6pp#nl4]A]2 `:<V^`h6969053Explorer 4121 Jun 1969VE10pp#b`4]A]2 02LTV\7069056Biosat-329 Jun 1969CNGpp#z4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh7169064Intelsat 30525 Jul 1969CNPartial failure/pp#n^4]A]2 V.0JRTZ7269068OSO 609 Aug 1969CN :pp#nt4]A]2 24NVX^73n/aPioneer-10A28 Sep 1969CLFailure3pp#nf4]A]2  ȉ68RZ\b7469101Skynet 1A22 Nov 1969CM6p p#nl4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh7570003Intelsat 30615 Jan 1970CM:pp#|t4]A]2 *BOUU쉂BD^fhp7670008ItosOscar 0523 Jan 1970VN60 pp#n`4]A]2 a }02LTV\7770021Nato 120 Mar 1970CM6pp#nl4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh7870032Intelsat 30723 Apr 1970CM6p$p#nl4]A]2 ĉ<>X`bh7970055Intelsat 30823 Jul 1970CM3p2q#nf4]A]2  ȉ68RZ\b8070062$p2q oSkynet 1B19 Aug 1970CM+[$p]q#p4]A]2 ܁ {>@Zbdl8170106NOAA 01CEP 111 Dec 1970VN6CEP 1 was attached to the 2nd stage02q\q#n`4]A]2 b }02LTV\8271009Nato 203 Feb 1971CL6]qaq#nl4]A]2 `:<V^`h8371019Explorer 4313 Mar 1971CM61\qaq#nb4]A]2 T02LTV^8471024Isis 201 Apr 1971VE1/aq_q#n^4]A]2 V.0JRTZ8571083OSO 729 Sep 1971CNEaqmq#b4]A]2 68RZ\d8671091ITOS-3/NOAA21 Oct 1971VN6payload exploded?0_qlq#n`4]A]2 WI02LTV\8772005Heos 231 Jan 1972VL/mqjq#n^4]A]2 4~W.0JRTZ8872014TD-1A12 Mar 1972VN5lqn q#nj4]A]2  ɉ68RZ\f8972058Landsat 123 Jul 1972V9008jqu q#np4]A]2 `:<V^`l9072073Explorer 4723 Sep 1972C16043n qw q#nf4]A]2 ݁ {24NVXb9172082NOAA 0215 Oct 1972V3004u qz q#nh4]A]2 ?QQ24NVXd9272090Anik A110 Nov 1972C19144w q} q#nh4]A]2 U;C46PXZd9372097Nimbus 511 Dec 1972V9004z qq#nh4]A]2 @QQ24NVXd9473023Anik A220 Apr 1973C1914I} qq#b4]A]2 FHbjlx9573039Explorer 49 (RAE B)10 Jun 1973C1913Lunar orbit7q@q#nn4]A]2 q@q o(*DLNX96n/aItos E16 Jul 1973V300Failure8qAq#np4]A]2 `:<V^`l9773078Explorer 5026 Oct 1973C16043@qBq#nf4]A]2 ށ {24NVXb9873086NOAA 0306 Nov 1973V3007AqCq#nn4]A]2 `:<V^`j9973101Explorer 5116 Dec 1973V900HBqDq#z4]A]25 ȉ8:T\^j10074002Skynet 2A19 Jan 1974C2913Partial failure6CqEq#nl4]A]2/68RZ\h10174022Westar 113 Apr 1974C29143DqFq#nf4]A]2.UW02LTVb10274033SMS 117 May 1974C29146EqGq#nl4]A]2/68RZ\h10374075Westar 210 Oct 1974C29143VFqIq#4]A]28߁ {쉂mgS^`10474089NOAA 04Oscar 07Intasat15 Nov 1974 at 17:11 UTV23107GqJq#nn4]A]26 ȉ8:T\^j10574094Skynet 2B23 Nov 1974C29139IqKq#nr4]A]2?a׉<>X`bn10674101Symphonie 119 Dec 1974C29147Jq#Lq#nn4]A]2 ɉ8:T\^j10775004Landsat 222 Jan 1975V29103Kq%Mq#nf4]A]2/UW02LTVb10875011SMS 206 Feb 1975C29144#Lq(Nq#nh4]A]2@24NVXd10975027Geos 309 Apr 1975V23105%Mq,Oq#nj4]A]2AQQ46PXZf11075038Anik A307 May 1975C29146(Nq=q#nl4]A]2V;C68RZ\h111,Oq=q o75052Nimbus 612 Jun 1975V29103,Oq?q#nf4]A]2V02LTVb11275057OSO 821 Jun 1975C29133=qAq#nf4]A]2UXT02LTVb11375072Cos B09 Aug 1975V29149?qIq#nr4]A]2@a׉<>X`bn11475077Symphonie 227 Aug 1975C29149AqQq#nr4]A]2`<>X`bn11575096Explorer 5406 Oct 1975V29105IqUq#nj4]A]2.46PXZf11675100Goes 0116 Oct 1975C29149Qq]q#nr4]A]2`<>X`bn11775107Explorer 5520 Nov 1975C29106Uqbq#nl4]A]2>0*68RZ\h11875117Satcom 113 Dec 1975C39141]qbq#nb4]A]2S,.HPR^11976004CTS17 Jan 1976C29147bqhq#nn4]A]2ݏ78:T\^j12076017Marisat 119 Feb 1976C29146bqmq#nl4]A]2?0*68RZ\h12176029Satcom 226 Mar 1976C39145hqqq#nj4]A]2Cd46PXZf12276035Nato 3A22 Apr 1976C29146mqvq#nl4]A]268RZ\h12376039Lageos 104 May 1976V29137qq|q#nn4]A]2ݏ78:T\^j12476053Marisat 210 Jun 1976C29147vqq#nn4]A]2:98:T\^j12576066Palapa A108 Jul 1976C29145|qq#nj4]A]2 {46PXZf12676077NOAA 0529 Jul 1976V23107qq#nn4]A]2ݏqq o78:T\^j12776101Marisat 314 Oct 1976C29145qq#nj4]A]2Cd46PXZf12877005Nato 3B28 Jan 1977C29147qq#nn4]A]2:98:T\^j12977018Palapa A210 Mar 1977C29148qq#np4]A]2㯃\:<V^`l13077029ESA-Geos 120 Apr 1977C29145qq#nj4]A]2.46PXZf13177048Goes 0216 Jun 1977C29143qq#nf4]A]2T02LTVb13277065GMS 114 Jul 1977C29145qq#nj4]A]2cB46PXZf13377080Sirio 125 Aug 1977C2913:qq#zt4]A]2oiV,.HPR^134n/aOTS 113 Sep 1977C3914Failure=qq#|z4]A]2*UTVTDF`hjv13577102ISEE 1ISEE 222 Oct 1977C29148qq#np4]A]2ϵa:<V^`l13677108Meteosat 123 Nov 1977C29146qq#nl4]A]2*߉68RZ\h13777118Sakura 115 Dec 1977C29141qq#nb4]A]2~,.HPR^13878012IUE26 Jan 1978C2914Ajq"q#~4]A]2,ɉ쉂Z\t|~13978026Landsat 3Oscar 08PIX 15 Mar 1978V2910PIX 1 was attached to the 2nd stage4q%q#nh4]A]2·ቂ24NVXd14078039Yuri 107 Apr 1978C29143"q'q#nf4]A]2piV02LTVb14178044OTS 211 May 1978C39145%q7r#nj4]A]2.46PXZf142780'q7r o62Goes 0316 Jun 1978C29148'q>r#np4]A]2㰃\:<V^`l14378071ESA-Geos 214 Jul 1978C2914$[7rbr#b4]A]2.0JRT`14478079ISEE-311 Aug 1978C2914To the Lagrange point and then became ICE/_>rr#p4]A]2W;CBD^fht14578098Nimbus 7Cameo24 Oct 1978V2910Cameo was attached to the 2nd stage5brr#nj4]A]2Cd46PXZf14678106Nato 3C19 Nov 1978C2914.^rr#p4]A]2jQQ@B\dfr14778116Anik B1Drims16 Dec 1978C3914Drims was attached to the 2nd stageTrr#b4]A]2>@Zbdp14879007Scatha (P78 2)30 Jan 1979C291427800 x 42300 x 8.3 x 14416rr#nl4]A]2/68RZ\h14979072Westar 310 Aug 1979C29146rr#nl4]A]2@0*68RZ\h15079101Satcom 307 Dec 1979C39141r r#nb4]A]2,.HPR^15180014SMM14 Feb 1980C39105r r#nj4]A]2.46PXZf15280074Goes 0409 Sep 1980C39147 r r#nn4]A]2=HW02LTVj15380091SBS 115 Nov 1980C3910/PAM5 r r#nj4]A]2.46PXZf15481049Goes 0522 May 1981C3914Dh r<r#4]A]2*xz15581070Dynamics Explorer 1Dynamics Explorer 203 Aug 1981V3913Partial failure7 rBr#nn4]A]2=HW02LTVj15681096SBS 224 Sep 1981C3910/PAM;<r_@r#|v4]A]2*͓F̉@B\dBr_@r ofr15781100SMEUosat 106 Oct 1981V2310 ;BriAr#nv4]A]2-8:T\^r15881114Satcom 3R20 Nov 1981C3910/PAM :_@rrBr#nt4]A]2A0*68RZ\p15982004Satcom 416 Jan 1982C3910/PAM :iAr{Cr#nt4]A]2/68RZ\p16082014Westar 426 Feb 1982C3910/PAM :rBrDr#nt4]A]2sG@c68RZ\p16182031Insat 1A10 Apr 1982C3910/PAM :{CrEr#nt4]A]2/68RZ\p16282058Westar 509 Jun 1982C3910/PAM7DrFr#nn4]A]2ɉ8:T\^j16382072Landsat 416 Jul 1982V39209ErGr#nr4]A]2QQ46PXZn16482082Anik D126 Aug 1982C3920/PAM6FrHr#nl4]A]2]68RZ\h16582105Aurora 128 Oct 1982C3924+[GrIr#p4]A]2v>UU:<V^`l16683004IRASPIX 226 Jan 1983V3910PIX 2 was attached to the 2nd stage7HrJr#nn4]A]2-8:T\^j16783030Satcom 1R11 Apr 1983C39245IrKr#nj4]A]2.46PXZf16883041Goes 0628 Apr 1983C39144JrLr#nh4]A]2r224NVXd16983051Exosat26 May 1983V3914 :KrMr#nt4]A]27up68RZ\p17083065Galaxy 128 Jun 1983C3920/PAM =LrNr#nz4]A]2Ƶ<>X`bv17183077Telstar 30128 Jul 1983C3920/PAM7Mr r#nn4]A]2-8:T\^j17283094Satcom 2R08 Sep 1983C3924Nr r o :Nrr#nt4]A]28up68RZ\p17383098Galaxy 222 Sep 1983C3920/PAMA r,r#|4]A]2*ɉΓF̉LNhpr~17484021Landsat 5Uosat 201 Mar 1984V3920,OrXr#4]A]28Z=nhj17584088AMPTE CCEAMPTE IRMAMPTE UKS16 Aug 1984C3924 :,rar#nt4]A]29up68RZ\p17684101Galaxy 321 Sep 1984C3920/PAM5Xrer#nj4]A]2Cd46PXZf17784115Nato 3D14 Nov 1984C3914;arur#zv4]A]2O'B.0JRT`178n/aGoes G03 May 1986C3914Failure:erxr#bt4]A]2>@Zbdp17986069USA 019 (SDIO)05 Sep 1986C39205ur|r#nj4]A]2.46PXZf18087022Goes 0726 Feb 1987C3924 <xrr#nx4]A]2有:<V^`t18187029Palapa B2P20 Mar 1987C3920/PAMV|rr#b4]A]2<>X`b~18288008USA-30 (SDIO)08 Feb 1988C3920 or 3910220 x 340 x 28.6 x 908rr#np4]A]2.:<V^`l18389013GPS BII-0114 Feb 1989C69258rr#np4]A]2:<V^`l18489026Delta Star24 Mar 1989C39208rr#np4]A]2.:<V^`l18589044GPS BII-0210 Jun 1989C69258rŽr#np4]A]2.:<V^`l18689064GPS BII-0318 Aug 1989C69253rďr#nf4]A]2S02LTVb18789067BSB 127 Aug 1989C49258Žrr#np4]A]2ďrr o.:<V^`l18889085GPS BII-0421 Oct 1989C69252ďrr#nd4]A]2vMU.0JRT`18989089Cobe18 Nov 1989V59208rr#np4]A]2.:<V^`l19089097GPS BII-0511 Dec 1989C69258rr#np4]A]2.:<V^`l19190008GPS BII-0624 Jan 1990C6925(^rr#d4]A]2bd~19290015USA 051 + 052(LACE + RME; SDIO)14 Feb 1990C6920-8500 x 500 x 43.18rr#np4]A]2.:<V^`l19390025GPS BII-0726 Mar 1990C6925 :rr#nt4]A]2有:<V^`p19490034Palapa B2R13 Apr 1990C6925-86r#r#nl4]A]2r#W02LTVh19590049Rosat01 Jun 1990C6920-106r(r#nl4]A]2vG@c68RZ\h19690051Insat 1D12 Jun 1990C49258#r/r#np4]A]2.:<V^`l19790068GPS BII-0802 Aug 1990C69253(r1r#nf4]A]2S02LTVb19890074BSB 219 Aug 1990C69258/r8r#np4]A]2.:<V^`l19990088GPS BII-0901 Oct 1990C6925 :1rAr#nt4]A]2jG>@Zbdp20090093Inmarsat 2F130 Oct 1990C692598rIr#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn20190103GPS BIIA-1026 Nov 1990C79255ArMr#nj4]A]2Cd46PXZf20291001Nato 4A08 Jan 1991C7925 :Irbs#nt4]A]2jG>@ZbMrbs odp20391018Inmarsat 2F208 Mar 1991C69253Mrds#nf4]A]2iS02LTVb20491028ASC 213 Apr 1991C79256bsis#nl4]A]2]68RZ\h20591037Aurora 229 May 1991C7925Adszs#p4]A]25F݉LNhpr~20691047GPS BIIA-11Losat-X04 Jul 1991C79259iss#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn20792009GPS BIIA-1223 Feb 1992C79259zss#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn20892019GPS BIIA-1310 Apr 1992C79259ss#nr4]A]25:98:T\^n20992027Palapa B414 May 1992C7925-85ss#nj4]A]2N}PU.0JRTf21092031EUVE07 Jun 1992C6920-109ss#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn21192039GPS BIIA-1407 Jul 1992C7925,\s s#p4]A]2؉>@Zbdp21292044GeotailDuve24 Jul 1992C6925Duve was attached to the 2nd stage7s s#nn4]A]2t-8:T\^j21392057Satcom C431 Aug 1992C79259 s s#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn21492058GPS BIIA-1509 Sep 1992C79253 s s#nf4]A]2̗>T02LTVb21592066DFS 312 Oct 1992C79259 s s#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn21692079GPS BIIA-1622 Nov 1992C79259 ss#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn21792089GPS BIIA-1718 Dec 1992C79259 s @s#nr4]A]25F݉<>X`bn21893007GPS BIIA-1803 Feb 1993C7925s @s oDhsPAs#4]A]2*5F݉RNPjz|R21993017GPS BIIA-19Seds 130 Mar 1993C 17A7925Seds 1 was tethered to 2nd stage9 @sXBs#nr4]A]2 6F݉<>X`bn22093032GPS BIIA-2013 May 1993C7925*ZPAsCs#p4]A]26F݉DF`hjv22193042GPS BIIA-21PMG26 Jun 1993C7925PMG was tethered to 2nd stage <XBsDs#nx4]A]26F݉<>Xfht22293054GPS BIIA-2230 Aug 1993C 177925 <CsEs#nx4]A]26F݉<>Xfht22393068GPS BIIA-2326 Oct 1993C 1779255DsFs#nj4]A]2Cd46PXZf22493076Nato 4B08 Dec 1993C7925 <EsGs#nx4]A]2_b㉂8:Tbdt22594013Galaxy 1R19 Feb 1994C 177925-8CgFsHs#4]A]2*6F݉RNPjxzR22694016GPS BIIA-24Seds 210 Mar 1994C 177925Seds 2 was tethered to 2nd stage ;GsIs#nv4]A]2a͉24N^`r22794071Wind 101 Nov 1994C 17B7925-10HmHsZjlx22895041Koreasat 105 Aug 1995C 17B7925Partial failure: a booster failed to separate`IsLs#4]A]20gT㉱vPR22995059RadarsatSurfsat 104 Nov 1995 at 14:22 UTV SLC27920-10Surfsat is attached to Delta's second stageFr23196003Koreasat 214 Jan 1996 at 11:11 UTC 17B7925JMs s#n4]A]28:n~23296008NEAR probe17 Feb 1996 at 20:43 UTC 17B7925-8Ns s oONs*s#n4]A]2QV02L^`r23396011Polar24 Feb 1996V SLC27925-10185 x 50494 km x 866a s`s#z4]A]2"6F݉>@t23496019GPS BIIA-2528 Mar 1996 at 00:21 UTC 17A7925192 x 20269 km x 34.9G*s|s#z4]A]2"㟛.0dvx23596024MSX24 Apr 1996 at 12:27 UTV SLC27920-10J`ss#z4]A]2"?up8:n~23696033Galaxy 924 May 1996 at 01:10 UTC 17B7925-8 K|ss#z4]A]2"6F݉>@t23796041GPS BIIA-2616 Jul 1996 at 00:50 UTC 17B7925 Ksۆs#z4]A]2"6F݉>@t23896056GPS BIIA-2712 Sep 1996 at 08:49 UTC 17A7925Ass#n4]A]2LNhpr~23996062Mars Global Surveyor7 Nov 1996C7925 <ۆss#nx4]A]2BD^fht24096068Mars Pathfinder4 Dec 1996C7925sƊs#4]A]2"2Z݉:<p241n/aGPS BIIR-0117 Jan 1997 at 16:28 UTC 17A7925Failure: was destroyed by controllers after 13 s flight. Caused damages to the launch pad. A split in the casing of one of nine solid rocket motors caused the accident. sts#m4]A]2ZqՅpՅoՅnՅmՅ€Ā   24297020A: Iridium 08B: Iridium 07C: Iridium 06D: Iridium 05E: Iridium 045 May 1997 at 14:55 UTV SLC 27920-10C595 x 949 km x 86.7 initial orbitEƊss#t4]A]2gO24fvx24397025Thor 220 May 1997 at 22:39 UTC 17A7925tss#'4]A]2ZՅՅՅՅՅ€Ā   24497034A: Iridium 15B: Iridium 17C: Iridium 18D: Iridium 20E: Iridium 219 Jul 1997 at 13:04 UTV SLC 27920-10C>s/s#t|4]A]23Z݉<>Xhjv24597035GPS BIIR-02s/s o23 Jul 1997C 17A7925|ss#4]A]2TՅՅՅՅՅ€24697043A: Iridium 26B: Iridium 25C: Iridium 24D: Iridium 23E: Iridium 2221 Aug 1997 at 00:38 UTV 7920-10CD/ss#t4]A]2*,`pr24797045ACE25 Aug 1997 at 14:39 UTC 17A7920-8sAs##4]A]2TՅCՅBՅAՅ@Յ€24897056A: Iridium 19B: Iridium 37C: Iridium 36D: Iridium 35E: Iridium 3427 Sep 1997 at 01:23 UTV SLC27920-10CIs\s#t4]A]23Z݉<>n~24997067GPS BIIR-026 Nov 1997 at 00:30 UTC 17A7925Ass#%4]A]2ZjՅhՅqՅEՅDՅ€Ā 25097069A: Iridium 43B: Iridium 41C: Iridium 40D: Iridium 39E: Iridium 389 Nov 1997 at 01:34 UTV SLC27920-10C\scs##4]A]2TlՅmՅnՅoՅpՅ€25197082A: Iridium 45B: Iridium 46C: Iridium 47D: Iridium 48E: Iridium 4920 Dec 1997 at 13:16 UTV SLC27920-10CHs}s#t4]A]2 ȉ8:l|~25298002Skynet 4D10 Jan 1998 at 00:32 UTC 17B7925cs s#C4]A]2L㬝QP㭝QP㮝QP㯝QP 25398008A: Globalstar 1B: Globalstar 2C: Globalstar 3D: Globalstar 414 Feb 1998 at 14:34 UTC 17A7420-10with satellite dispenser}ss#'4]A]2ZՅՅՅՅՅ€Ā   25498010A: Iridium 50B: Iridium 56C: Iridium 52D: Iridium 53E: Iridium 5418 Feb 1998 at 13:58 UTV SLC27920-10C ss#'4]A]2ZՅՅՅՅՅ€Ā   25598019A: Iridium 55B: Iridium 57C: Iridium 58D: Iridium 59E: Iridium 6030 Mar 1998 at 06:02 UTV SLC27920-10Czss#4]A]2L㱝QP㳝QP{}{}25698023A: Globalstar 6B: Globalstar 8C: Globalstar 14D: Globalstar 1524 Apr 1998 at 22:38 UTC 17A7420-10Cs$t#%4]A]2s$t oVՅՅՅՅՅ€Ā 25798032A: Iridium 70B: Iridium 72C: Iridium 73D: Iridium 74E: Iridium 7517 May 1998 at 21:16 UTV SLC27920-10CGsCt#4]A]2"hO46jz|25898035Thor 310 Jun 1998 at 00:35 UTC 17A7925Ns$tt#4]A]2"Gb㉀68jz| 259FTOGalaxy 1027 Aug 1998 at 1:17 UTC 17B8930Failure: explosion 80 seconds after liftoff`Ctt' %Notes: in the launcher date & site column C stands for Cape Canaveral and V for Vandenberg.Jtbt1%&bt$ttThor with solid top stage](tt5 :R" Thor with a solid fuel top stagee4bt$t1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs8t\t< F&[+&[+&[+&[+The first solid fuel top stage associated with Thor in 1965 was Altair, the former third stage of Vanguard equipped with a 3-axis control by Boeing. Called Burner this top stage was also adapted on Thor and other USAF vehicles. Despite Burner 1 used an Altair motor, Burner 2 featured a Thiokol Star-37B motor (TE-M-364-2) derived from the Surveyor lunar retro-rocket. The Burner 2A was a two stage version which second stage Star-37S (TE-M-364-15) provided a slightly weaker thrust than Star-37B.$tt+ $!&[+Thor Altair and Thor Burner were mainly used for US military meteorological programs although they also launched technological satellites.L%\tct' J Thor with solid top stage launches/}t t#4T Z     : P n~# and serialLaunch idPayloadLaunch dateTypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period) Qct t#@T Z  46PRp1, 224DMSP B4A-0119 Jan 1965LV2D Burner1471 x 822 x 98.8 x 97.7 Q t t#@T Z  46PRp2, 306DMSP B4A-0218 Mar 1965LV2D Burner1525 x 764 x 99.1 x 97.7 R t t#@T Z  46PRp3, 282DMSP B4A-0320 May 1965LV2D Burner1567 x 953 x 98.7 x 100.1 S t t#@T Z  46PRp4, 213DMSP B4A-0410 Sep 1965LV2D Burner1649 x 1054 x 98.7 x 101.9U tt#LT Z  46PRp5, 251DMSP B4A-0506 Jan 1966LV2D Burner1Failure: 2nd stage failed R tt#@T Z  46PRp6, 147DMSP B4A-0631 Mar 1966LV2D Burner1634 x 933 x 98.6 x 100.6 Rt@t#@T Z t@tt  46PRp7, 167DMSP B4A-0716 Sep 1966LV2D Burner2705 x 891 x 98.5 x 100.9 RtAt#@T Z  46PRp8, 169DMSP B4A-0808 Feb 1967LV2D Burner2796 x 868 x 98.8 x 101.6O@tCt#NT Z  "$s^{^`z|9, 17167065Secor 09Aurora 1 (P67-1)29 Jun 1967LV2D Burner2 QAt Dt#@T Z  68RTr10, 266DMSP B4A-0923 Aug 1967LV2D Burner2834 x 892 x 99 x 102.2 SCtEt#@T Z  68RTr11, 268DMSP B4A-1011 Oct 1967LV2D Burner2694 x 837 x 99.1 x 100.2 R Dt"Ft#@T Z  46PRp12, 277DMSP B5A-123 May 1968LV2D Burner2817 x 904 x 98.9 x 102.2PEt*Gt#@T Z  46PRp13, 173DMSP B5A-223 Oct 1968LV2D Burner2797 x 855 x 99 x 101.4N"Ft0Ht#@T Z  46PRp14, 279DMSP B5A-323 Jul 1969LV2D Burner2791 x 863 x 99 x 101 R*Gt:It#@T Z  46PRp15, 287DMSP B5A-411 Feb 1970LV2D Burner2764 x 974 x 98.7 x 101.6 R0HtDJt#@T Z  46PRp16, 288DMSP B5A-503 Sep 1970LV2D Burner2764 x 874 x 98.7 x 101.3d:ItaKt#BT Z  XZtv17, 249DMSP B5A-6Calsphere 3, 4, 517 Feb 1971LV2D Burner2767 x 833 x 98.8 x 100.9 UDJtnLt#@T Z  <>XZx18, 210SESP-1 (P70-1)08 Jun 1971LV2D Burner2545 x 581 x 90.2 x 95.9 QaKtwMt#@T Z  46PRr19, 159DMSP B5B-114 Oct 1971LV2D Burner2A796 x 877 x 99 x 101.7 SnLtNt#@T Z  46PRr20, 153DMSP B5B-224 Mar 1972LV2D Burner2A803 x 885 x 98.8 x 101.8 SwMtOt#@T Z  46PRr21, 294DMSP B5B-309 Nov 1972LV2D Burner2A813 x 872 x 98.6 x 101.8 SNtt#@T Z  Ottt46PRr22, 291DMSP B5B-417 Aug 1973LV2D Burner2A811 x 852 x 98.9 x 101.6 SOtt#@T Z  46PRr23, 207DMSP B5B-516 Mar 1974LV2D Burner2A780 x 876 x 98.9 x 101.5 Stt#@T Z  46PRr24, 275DMSP B5B-609 Aug 1974LV2D Burner2A808 x 870 x 98.8 x 101.7 StŃt#@T Z  46PRr25, 197DMSP B5C-124 May 1975LV2D Burner2A830 x 904 x 98.9 x 102.2-ott#LT Z  46PRr26, 182DMSP B5C-221 Feb 1976LV2D Burner2APartial failure: Thor failed, wrong orbit attainedNŃtt#@T Z  68RT|27, 172DMSP B5D1-111 Sep 1976LV2F S3B S37B-ISS820 x 845 x 99Xtt#@T Z  68RT|28, 183DMSP B5D1-205 Jun 1977LV2F S3B S37B-ISS811 x 869 x 99.2 x 101.7Wtt#@T Z  68RT|29, 143DMSP B5D1-301 May 1978LV2F S3B S37B-ISS564 x 653 x 97.6 x 96.9Xt't#@T Z  68RT|30, 264DMSP B5D1-406 Jun 1979LV2F S3B S37B-ISS820 x 838 x 98.8 x 101.1]tBt#LT Z  68RT|31, 304DMSP B5D1-514 Jul 1980LV2F S3B S37B-ISSFailure: 2nd stage explodedP)'tt' R%Notes: All launches from Vandenberg.6BtȊt1ՁȊtNttTitanB t t5 :F" TitanDȊtNt* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraC tԋtC V ^] ^] Origins of TitanTitan without top stage (2)Titan 38 Nt t, (O^] Titan 4ԋtЎt< F 㰭=H㰭=HOrigin: Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) of second generationAs building ICBMs was a very risky venture, it was decided in 1955 to develop another two-stage missille despite Atlas. This contract was awarded to the Martin Company (then Martin Marietta, then Lockheed Martin).The first stage of 3.05 m diameter like Atlas were planned to be powered by two Aerojet LR-87 which delivered 1335 kN thrust at takeoff. The second stage of 2.44 m diameter was made of 1 Aerojet LR-91 motor of 356 kN. The two stages burned the same fuel: liquid oxygen and kerosene. The missile was 29.9 m high (with a Mk4 RV) and weighed 99.8 tons.Z3 t6t' gFor the first launch on 9 Feb 1959 the missile had only 1 stage active, the second was full of water. Enhancements of the motors were started the following month and the version 3 (simplified and lighter) flew in May 1960. Titan 1 was deployed in silos from 1962 Ўt6ttto 1965 but not space launcher was derived from it.The reaction time of the Titan 1's evaluated to 15 minutes could be reducted to only 1 minute by replacing its propellant by stockable propellant. The studies started in 1960 and resulted in Titan 2. This is an enhanced vehicle with a doubled payload/range ratio. The 2 stages measuring respectivly 21.4 m and 12.2 m long had a uniform 3.05 m diameter. The motors were modified (5th version) and used Nitrogen TetraOxide and Aerozine 50. Titan 2 was 31.4 m high (with a Mk6 RV) and weighed 150 tons.zVЎtt$ The missile was operational in March 1962 and deployed in silos from 1964 to 1987.A6tt' 4 Titan propulsion systemOt@t#b ylz  N x  ƀ  DesignationYear of first launchLR 87 thrust (kN)LR 87 SI (sec)LR 91 thrust (kN)LR 91 SI (sec)Application9t't#,rylz$8JT^`1-31959-19611335 (g)249 (g)356311Titan 12@tt#,dylz *<FPR519621910 (g)259 (g)445315Titan 21'tt#,bylz *<FPR719641910 (g)259 (g)445315GeminiGtt#,ylz @fpz|919641910 (g) / 2030 (v)259 (g) / 275 (v)445316Titan 3Htt#,ylz Bhr|~1119682045 (g) / 2350 (v)258 (g) / 302 (v)445316Titan 34tt#,hylz.@JTV11A19892440 (v)301 (v)467316Titan 4L(tt$ P(g): ground value; (v): vacuum value1t0t10tthttL h EL^]^]^]Titan[launch vehicle index]Origins of TitanTitan 2 (without top stage)Titan 3Titan 4H0t,t1,ttEuTitan without top stageTtt5 :@F" Titan without top stageD,tt* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraT.tt& ]The selecting of the launcher for the manned Gemini flight was profitable to Titan 2 because of its capacity to orbit the necessary load (3.5 tons), its ease of use with stockable propellant and it's reliability. Only little modifications were made to enable it to launch manned capsules, and the motors (v7) had the same performances as v5.After a suborbital flight in 1964 and a non piloted one in early 1965 ten manned capsules from the Gemini program were launched from Cap Canaveral between March 1965 and November 1966. All were orbited correctly.tu- (_ 0In early 1986 Martin Marietta was granted a contract to evolve some retired Titan 2 ICBM into Titan 2 SLV. The first of those was launched in September 1988 from vandenberg in G (or 23G) version. The main modifications involve the cap and the the guidance.Two other versions were proposed: Titan 2B (basic), a simplified version which keeps the original cap, and Titan 2S (Solid Thrust Augmented) which get 2 to 8 Castor 4A solid boostertuts.:tJu' & Titan 2 launchesfuu# OZ K  $&<>\l|~#Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)6Juu#\lOZ K + $&>FHh1Gemini 18 Apr 1964CCTitan-2 Gemini8uu#\pOZ K + $&BJLl2Gemini 219 Jan 1965*CCTitan-2 Gemini7uu#\nOZ K + $&@HJj3Gemini 323 Mar 1965CCTitan-2 Gemini6uu#\lOZ K + $&>FHh4Gemini 43 Jun 1965CCTitan-2 Gemini=uu#\zOZ K + 02LTVv5Gemini 5 / REP21 Aug 1965CCTitan-2 Gemini6uu#\lOZ K + $&>FHh6Gemini 74 Dec 1965CCTitan-2 Gemini7uu#\nOZ K + $&@HJj7Gemini 615 Dec 1965CCTitan-2 Gemini7u u#\nOZ K + $&@HJj8Gemini 816 Mar 1966CCTitan-2 Gemini6u u#\lOZ K + $&>FHh9Gemini 93 Jun 1966CCTitan-2 Gemini9 u u#\rOZ K + (*DLNn10Gemini 1018 Jul 1966CCTitan-2 Gemini9 u u#\rOZ K + (*DLNn11Gemini 1112 Sep 1966CCTitan-2 Gemini9 u u#\rOZ K + (*DLNn12Gemini 1211 Nov 1966CCTitan-2 GeminiI uu#hOZ K +"02ㄪ뉂PRjpr13, 2B-98/-5688078Singleton 15 Sep 1988VTitan-2(23)GF uu#hOZ K +*,㲪뉂JLdjl14, 2B-10689072Singleton 25 Sep 1989VTitan-2(23)G ?u@u#h~OZ K u@ut+ Z뉂:<V\^z1592023Singleton 325 Apr 1992VTitan-2(23)Gdu7Bu# OZ K + ɉ24L+bd(,++16n/aLandsat 65 Oct 1993V SLC4WTitan-2(23)G Star-37XFP-ISSFailure: Star-37XFP-ISS kick-motor malfunctioned$X@u[Cu#hOZ K + -+ ln1794004Clementine 1 / DSPSE-ISA [Star-37FM]25 Jan 1994VTitan-2(23)G3U7BuDu#OZ K +-$.&㭢р+JLdjl+18, G697012DMSP B5D2-94 Apr 1997VTitan-2(23)G Star-37S-ISSAc[CuEu#OZ K + -"] {68+l~+1998030NOAA 1513 May 1998 at 15:52 UTV SLC4WTitan-2(23)G Star 37XFP#12 ?&DuEu# 8Eu-Fu1--FuFuxTitan 3DEuqFu5 : F" Titan 3D-FuFu* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraH!qFuFu' BO Titan 3 without solid boostersFuIu& The first Titan 3 vehicles were based on the 2-stage Titan 2 to which a top stage was added. The motors (version 9) had the same performance as the former versions but were qualified for in-orbit ignition. From 1968 on, the version 11 formerly developped for the MOL program was used for the Titan 3.Titan 3A was an intermediate rocket to be used for the development of the Titan 3C top stage. This third stage named Transtage was 4.5 m long and 3.05 m diameter. It could be re-ignited in orbit. It was equiped of an 2 Aerojet motor AJ10-138 propulsion bay. Those used the same propellant as the firsts stages and provided a total 71 kN.XFu*Lu- (mO{It was not used much: only 4 launches from Sep 1964 to May 1965 from Cape Canaveral; first launch was a failure, and the following successes.Titan 3B was a military launcher exclusivly used from Vandenberg. It used an Agena top stage. It was used to launch reconnaissance satellites from the KH-8 series between 1966 and 1984. The same launcher was used for the classified SDS and Jumpseat launches to Molniya type orbits. In 1975 a version with a a longer first stage and wider cap was introduced: Titan 34B (or Titan 3B Ascent Agena). It was specifically devoted to those military launches.EIuoLu' < Titan 3 with solid boosters6*LuNu% #Titan 3C was made of the 3 stages of Titan 3A plus two lateral solid boosters of 3.05 m diameter. Unlike Thor's boosters, those built by UTC/CSD did not assist the first stage motors but provided alone the launcher's propulsion during about 2 minutes. With 25.5 m high and 250 tons, each (composed of 5 segments) provided 5340 kN.The Transtage which contained the full command module of the vehicle including the guidance system could deliver payloads directly in GEO. It was the first rocket to fire 4 times during a flight.r&oLu#uL fM%k;SąoS9%㯃4Titan 3C was 39 m high and could orbit 12 tons in LEO and 1 ton in GEO. It was used from 1965 to 1982 to launch telecommunication satellites (ISDCP, LES, DSCS), early warning birds (Vela, DSP) and SIGINT (Chalet) from Cape Canaveral.Titan 3D was assembled wiNu#uEuth 3 stages from Titan 3B and the 2 lateral 5-segment boosters of Titan 3C. It was launched from Vandenberg between 1971 and 1982 with KH 9 and KH 11 on board.The Titan 3E developped for civilian applications of NASA the top stage was a cryogenic Centaur. This 9.1 m long stage had the same diameter as the 2 first stages but was under a 4.27 m diameter cap. With 48 m high and 640 tons Titan 3E could put 3.6 tons on escape orbit. It was thus used for interplanetary missions as Helios, Voyager and Viking between 1974 and 1977.HNuku2 2-\l|~#Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period)Euu#hOZ K + "<>V^`t,+1, 3A-2n/aTranstage 12 Sep 1964CCTitan-3AFailure:tuu#\tOZ K +68RZ\p2, 3A-1Transtage 210 Dec 1964CCTitan-3A;uu#hvOZ K +$&㿶U8:T\^r3, 3A-365008LES 111 Feb 1965CCTitan-3AHuu#vOZ K +$*&UIUTVnvx4, 3A-465034B: LES 2C: LCS 16 May 1965CCTitan-3A?uu#\~OZ K +$&@B\dfz5, 3C-765047Transtage 518 Jun 1965CCTitan-3CEuÍu#tOZ K +$& :<V^`t,+6, 3C-465082OV 2-115 Oct 1965CCTitan-3CFailure<auu#OZ K +$:& ¶U쉂7, 3C-865108A: OV 2-3B: LES 4C: Oscar 04D: LES 321 Dec 1965CCTitan-3CSÍu%u#^OZ K +&(hj8, 3C-1166053IDCSP 1 to 7GGTS 1 (OPS 9381)16 Juu%uEun 1966CCTitan-3CMu8u#\OZ K +$&LNhpr9, 3B-166069KH-8 1 (OPS 3014)29 Jul 1966VaTitan-3B Agena-D*^%ubu#hOZ K +$&ln,+10, 3C-12n/aIDCSP (8) ... IDCSP (14) / GGTS 226 Aug 1966CCTitan-3CFailureN8uvu#\OZ K +&(NPjrt11, 3B-266086KH-8 2 (OPS 4096)28 Sep 1966VaTitan-3B Agena-DPbuu#d OZ K +&(€12, 3C-966099B: OV-4 1RC: OV-1 6D: OV-4 1TOV-4 3Gemini B3 Nov 1966CCTitan-3CGemini B was on a suborbital orbitNvuu#\OZ K +&(NPjrt13, 3B-366113KH-8 3 (OPS 8968)14 Dec 1966VaTitan-3B Agena-D Cuu#\OZ K +(*HJdln14, 3C-1367003IDCSP 8 to 1518 Jan 1967CCTitan-3C?uu#\~OZ K + 02LTVz15, 3B-4?KH-8 424 Mar 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-DJuu#hOZ K +"$46PXZ~,+16, 3B-5n/aKH-8 526 Apr 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-DFailureCyuAu#dOZ K +(*Ѐ؀ڀ17, 3C-1067040A: Vela 7B: Vela 8C: ERS 18D: OV-5 3 (ERS 20)E: OV-5 1 (ERS 27)28 Apr 1967CCTitan-3CNuUu#\OZ K +&(NPjrt18, 3B-867064KH-8 6 (OPS 4282)20 Jun 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-D%WAuzu#lOZ K +( *öUrt19, 3C-1467066IDCSP 16 to 19E: LES 5F: Dodge1 Jul 1967CCTitan-3C CUuu#\OZ K +&(8:T\^20, 3B-967079KH-8 716 Aug 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-D Dzuu#\OZ K +(*:<V^`21, 3B-1067090KH-8 819 Sep 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-D?uu#\~OZ K + 02LTVz22, 3B-11KH-8 925 Oct 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-D?uv#\~OZ K +uvEu 24LTVz23, 3B-12KH-8 105 Dec 1967VaTitan-3B Agena-D@uv#\OZ K + 24NVX|24, 3B-13KH-8 1118 Jan 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D@vv#\OZ K + 24NVX|25, 3B-14KH-8 1213 Mar 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D@vv#\OZ K + 24NVX|26, 3B-15KH-8 1317 Apr 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D?vv#\~OZ K + 24LTVz27, 3B-16KH-8 145 Jun 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D Dvv#\OZ K +(*JLfnp28, 3C-1668050IDCSP 19 to 2613 Jun 1968CCTitan-3CAvv#\OZ K + 24LTV~29, 3B-17KH-8 156 Aug 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Bvv#\OZ K + 24NVX30, 3B-18KH-8 1610 Sep 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?4_v v#zOZ K +&.( ĶU31, 3C-568081A: OV 2-5B: OV-5 2C: OV-5 4D: LES 626 Sep 1968CCTitan-3CAv v#\OZ K + 24LTV~32, 3B-19KH-8 176 Nov 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?A v v#\OZ K + 24LTV~33, 3B-20KH-8 184 Dec 1968VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?? v v#\~OZ K +02LTVz34, 3B-6KH-8 1922 Jan 1969VaTitan-3B Agena-D= v v#\zOZ K +(*>@X`bv35, 3C-1769013TACSAT 19 Feb 1969CCTitan-3C> v!v#\|OZ K +02JRTx36, 3B-7KH-8 204 Mar 1969VaTitan-3B Agena-DB v)v#\OZ K + 24NVX37, 3B-21KH-8 2115 Apr 1969VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?2h!vg@v#dOZ K +(*̀38, 3C-15)vg@vEu69046A: OV-5 5B: OV-5 6C: OV-5 9D: Vela 9E: Vela 1023 May 1969CCTitan-3CA)vnAv#\OZ K + 24LTV~39, 3B-22KH-8 223 Jun 1969VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Bg@vvBv#\OZ K + 24NVX40, 3B-23KH-8 2322 Aug 1969VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?BnAv~Cv#\OZ K + 24NVX41, 3B-24KH-8 2424 Oct 1969VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?BvBvDv#\OZ K + 24NVX42, 3B-25KH-8 2514 Jan 1970VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?J~CvEv#^OZ K +(*XZrz|43, 3C-1870027A: Vela 11B: Vela 128 Apr 1970CCTitan-3CBDvFv#\OZ K + 24NVX44, 3B-26KH-8 2615 Apr 1970VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?BEvGv#\OZ K + 24NVX45, 3B-27KH-8 2725 Jun 1970VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?BFvHv#\OZ K + 24NVX46, 3B-28KH-8 2818 Aug 1970VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?BGvIv#\OZ K + 24NVX47, 3B-29KH-8 2923 Oct 1970VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?OHvJv#hOZ K +(*8:RZ\x,+48, 3C-1970093DSP 16 Nov 1970CCTitan-3(23)CPartial failureBIvKv#\OZ K + 24NVX49, 3B-30KH-8 3021 Jan 1971VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?LJvLv#\OZ K +(*BD^fh50, 3B-3671021Jumpseat 121 Mar 1971VaTitan-3(33)B Agena-DBKvMv#\OZ K + 24NVX51, 3B-31KH-8 3122 Apr 1971VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?>LvNv#\|OZ K +(*8:RZ\x52, 3C-2071039DSP 25 May 1971CCTitan-3(23)C6Mv v#\lOZ K +.0JRTh53, 3D-1KH-9 115 Jun 1971VaTitan-3DNv vEuBNvv#\OZ K + 24NVX54, 3B-32KH-8 3212 Aug 1971VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?B vv#\OZ K + 24NVX55, 3B-33KH-8 3323 Oct 1971VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?)VvEv#vOZ K +(**y,dMz,dMhj56, 3C-2171095A: DSCS 2-01B: DSCS-2 023 Nov 1971CCTitan-3(23)CIvTv#\OZ K +TVpxz57, 3D-2KH-9 2 / Subsat Ferret 2820 Jan 1972VaTitan-3DSEvsv#hOZ K +$&>@Zbd,+58, 3B-37n/aJumpseat 216 Feb 1972VaTitan-3(33)B Agena-DFailure9Tvrv#\rOZ K + .0HPRn59, 3C-22DSP 31 Mar 1972CCTitan-3(23)CBsvzv#\OZ K + 24NVX60, 3B-34KH-8 3417 Mar 1972VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Krvv#hOZ K + 24NVX,+61, 3B-35KH-8 3520 May 1972VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?FailureHzvv#\OZ K +TVnvx62, 3D-5KH-9 3 / Subsat Ferret 297 Jul 1972VaTitan-3DAvv#\OZ K + 24LTV~63, 3B-39KH-8 361 Sep 1972VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Ivv#\OZ K +TVpxz64, 3D-3KH-9 4 / Subsat Ferret 3010 Oct 1972VaTitan-3DBvv#\OZ K + 24NVX65, 3B-40KH-8 3721 Dec 1972VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?5vv#\jOZ K +.0HPRf66, 3D-6KH-9 59 Mar 1973VaTitan-3DBvv#\OZ K + 24NVX67, 3B-41KH-8 3816 May 1973VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?:vv#\tOZ K + .0JRTp68, 3C-24DSP 412 Jun 1973CCTitan-3(23)CKvv#hOZ K vvEu+ 24NVX,+69, 3B-43KH-8 3926 Jun 1973VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Failure6vv#\lOZ K +.0JRTh70, 3D-7KH-9 613 Jul 1973VaTitan-3D Gvv#\OZ K + 8:T\^71, 3B-38Jumpseat 321 Aug 1973VaTitan-3(33)B Agena-DBvv#\OZ K + 24NVX72, 3B-42KH-8 4027 Sep 1973VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?"\vv#\OZ K +z|73, 3D-8KH-9 7 / Subsat Ferret 31 / Subsat Ferret 3210 Nov 1973VaTitan-3D*Wv@v#vOZ K +(**{,dM|,dMhj74, 3C-2673100A: DSCS 2-03B: DSCS 2-0413 Dec 1973CCTitan-3(23)CXv^v#\OZ K +$.0XZt|~75, 3E-1/ TC-1n/aSphinx / Viking SD12 Feb 1974CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1TFB@vfv#\OZ K + 24NVX76, 3B-44KH-8 4113 Feb 1974VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Q^v}v#\OZ K +df77, 3D-9KH-9 8 / Subsat Ferret 33 / P73 710 Apr 1974VaTitan-3D Afvv#hOZ K +(*S<>X`b~78, 3C-2774039ATS 630 May 1974CCTitan-3(23)CA}vv#\OZ K + 24LTV~79, 3B-45KH-8 426 Jun 1974VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Bvv#\OZ K + 24NVX80, 3B-46KH-8 4314 Aug 1974VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Qvv#\OZ K +df81, 3D-4KH-9 9 / Subsat Ferret 34 / P73 529 Oct 1974VaTitan-3DVvv#\OZ K +$24HJdln82, 3E-2/ TC-274097Helios 110 Dec 1974CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1T St-37E Gvv#\OZ K + 8:T\^83, 3B-50Jumpseat 410 Mar 1975VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-DBvw#\OZ vwEu K + 24NVX84, 3B-48KH-8 4418 Apr 1975VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Ahv.w#OZ K +(**},dM~,dMhj,+85, 3C-2575040A: DSCS 2-05B: DSCS 2-0620 May 1975CCTitan-3(23)CPartial failureJw>w#\OZ K + XZrz|86, 3D-10KH-9 10 / Subsat Ferret 358 Jun 1975VaTitan-3DO.wSw#\OZ K +$24HJdln87, 3E-4/ TC-475075Viking 120 Aug 1975CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1TN>wgw#\OZ K +$24HJbjl88, 3E-3/ TC-375083Viking 29 Sep 1975CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1TASwnw#\OZ K + 24LTV~89, 3B-47KH-8 459 Oct 1975VaTitan-3B Agena-D ?Jgw~w#\OZ K + XZrz|90, 3D-13KH-9 11 / Subsat Ferret 364 Dec 1975VaTitan-3D:nw~w#\tOZ K + .0JRTp91, 3C-29DSP 514 Dec 1975CCTitan-3(23)CV~w w#\OZ K +$24HJdln92, 3E-5/ TC-576003Helios 215 Jan 1976CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1T St-37EPo~w w#OZ K +(F*ƶUǶU 4 4ڀ93, 3C-3076023A: LES 8B: LES 9C: Solrad 11AD: Solrad 11B15 Mar 1976CCTitan-3(23)CE w w#bOZ K + 24NVX.94, 3B-52KH-8 4622 Mar 1976VaTitan-3(23)B Agena-D B w w#bOZ K + .0HPR~.95, 3B-55SDS 12 Jun 1976VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-D; ww#bvOZ K + .0JRTp.96, 3C-28DSP 626 Jun 1976CCTitan-3(23)CS w#w#bOZ K + hj.97, 3D-14KH-9 12 / Subsat Ferret 37 / P74 28 Jul 1976VaTitan-3D Bw:@w#bOZ K + .0HPR~.98, 3B-56SDS #w:@wEu26 Aug 1976VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-DE#wHAw#bOZ K + 24NVX.99, 3B-51KH-8 4715 Sep 1976VaTitan-3(24)B Agena-D'^:@woBw#bOZ K + "|~.100, 3D-15KH-9 13 /Subsat Ferret 38 /Subsat Ferret 3919 Dec 1976VaTitan-3D;HAwsCw#bvOZ K + "02JRTp.101, 3C-23DSP 76 Feb 1977CCTitan-3(23)CFoBwDw#bOZ K + "46PXZ.102, 3B-54KH-8 4813 Mar 1977VaTitan-3(23)B Agena-D/YsCwEw#|OZ K +**,,dM,dMjl.103, 3C-3277034A: DSCS 2-07B: DSCS 2-0812 May 1977CCTitan-3(23)C:DwFw#btOZ K + "46PXZn.104, 3D-17KH-9 1427 Jun 1977VaTitan-3D!XEwGw#bOZ K +&*,XZt|~.105, 3E-7/ TC-7Voyager 2 [Star-37E]20 Aug 1977CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1T WFwHw#bOZ K +&*,XZrz|.106, 3E-6/ TC-6Voyager 1 [Star-37E]5 Sep 1977CCTitan-3E Centaur-D1TFGwJw#bOZ K + "46PXZ.107, 3B-58KH-8 4923 Sep 1977VaTitan-3(23)B Agena-DIHwKw#bOZ K + ":<V^`.108, 3B-49Jumpseat 525 Feb 1978VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-DMJw,Lw#bOZ K + "Z\v~.109, 3D-20KH-9 15 / Subsat Ferret 4016 Mar 1978VaTitan-3D"VKwNMw#hOZ K +&(TVpxz,+110, 3C-35n/aDSCS-2 9 / DSCS-2 1025 Mar 1978CCTitan-3(23)CFailureE,Lw_Nw#hOZ K +*,>DF`hj111, 3C-3378058Vortex 110 Jun 1978CCTitan-3(23)C9NMw^Ow#\rOZ K + "46PXZn112, 3D-18KH-11 114 Jun 1978VaTitan-3DB_Nwrw#\OZ K + "02J^OwrwEuRT113, 3B-57SDS 35 Aug 1978VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-D/Y^Oww#|OZ K +**,*dM*dMjl.114, 3C-3678113A: DSCS 2-11B: DSCS 2-1214 Dec 1978CCTitan-3(23)CMrww#bOZ K + "Z\v~.115, 3D-21KH-11 2 / Subsat Ferret 4116 Mar 1979VaTitan-3DFwƃw#bOZ K + "46PXZ.116, 3B-61KH-8 5028 May 1979VaTitan-3(24)B Agena-D<w˄w#bxOZ K + "02LTVr.117, 3C-31DSP 810 Jun 1979CCTitan-3(23)CEƃw߅w#nOZ K +*,>DF^fh.118, 3C-3479086Vortex 21 Oct 1979CCTitan-3(23)C/Y˄ww#|OZ K +**,*dM*dMjl.119, 3C-3779098A: DSCS 2-13B: DSCS 2-1421 Nov 1979CCTitan-3(23)C9߅ww#brOZ K + "46NVXl.120, 3D-19KH-11 37 Feb 1980VaTitan-3DMw&w#bOZ K + "Z\v~.121, 3D-16KH-9 16 / Subsat Ferret 4218 Jun 1980VaTitan-3DIw8w#bOZ K + ":<V^`.122, 3B-53Jumpseat 613 Dec 1980VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-DF&wGw#bOZ K + "46PXZ.123, 3B-59KH-8 5128 Feb 1981VaTitan-3(24)B Agena-D<8wLw#bxOZ K + "02LTVr.124, 3C-40DSP 916 Mar 1981CCTitan-3(23)C TGwlw#hOZ K + "02LTV,+125, 3B-60SDS 424 Apr 1981VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-DPartial failure8Lwjw#\pOZ K + "46NVXl126, 3D-22KH-11 43 Sep 1981VaTitan-3DFlww#nOZ K +*,>DF`hj.127, 3C-3981107Vortex 331 Oct 1981CCTitan-3(23)CUjww#bOZ K + "RwwEuTnvx.128, 3B-62Indigo Test + 4 Subsat21 Jan 1982VaTitan-3(23)B Agena-D<ww#bxOZ K + "24LTVr.129, 3C-38DSP 106 Mar 1982CCTitan-3(23)CMww#bOZ K + "Z\v~.130, 3D-24KH-9 17 / Subsat Ferret 4311 May 1982VaTitan-3D@^ww#OZ K +**,*dM ceMjl(FHbjl.136, 34D-1084009Vortex 431 Jan 1984CCTitan-34D TranstageE?wjw#bOZ K +"$46PXZ.137, 34D-11DSP 1115 Apr 1984CCTitan-34D TranstageF\wyw#bOZ K + "46PXZ.138, 3B-67KH-8 5317 Apr 1984VaTitan-3(24)B Agena-D;jw}w#bvOZ K + "46PXZp.139, 34D-4KH-9 1925 Jun 1984VaTitan-34D Dyww#bOZ K + "02LTV.140, 3B-64SDS 528 Aug 1984VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-D:}ww#btOZ K + "46NVXn.141, 34D-6KH-11 64 Dec 1984VaTitan-34DMww#nOZ K +,.@c鉂DF`hj.142, 34D-1384129DSP F1222 Dec 1984CCTitan-34D Transtage Cwx#bOZ K +wxEu "02JRT.143, 3B-69SDS 68 Feb 1985VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-DCwx#hOZ K + "46PXZp,+144, 34D-7KH-11 728 Aug 1985VaTitan-34DFailureCxx#hOZ K + "46PXZp,+145, 34D-9KH-9 2018 Apr 1986VaTitan-34DFailure Cxx#\OZ K + "02LTV146, 3B-66SDS 712 Feb 1987VaTitan-3(34)B Agena-D<xx#bxOZ K +"$68RZ\r.147, 34D-15KH-11 826 Oct 1987VaTitan-34DLxx#nOZ K +*,c鉂BD^fh.148, 34D-887097DSP 3-129 Nov 1987CCTitan-34D Transtage&Tx.x#tOZ K +*,>DF^fh,+149, 34D-388077Vortex 52 Sep 1988CCTitan-34D TranstageFailure?x3x#\~OZ K +,.@BZbdz150, 34D-1488099KH-11 96 Nov 1988VaTitan-34DN.xP x#nOZ K +,.>FHbjl.151, 34D-1689035Vortex 610 May 1989CCTitan-34D Transtage5_3x x#|OZ K +**,*dMceMjl.152, 34D-289069A: DSCS 2-16B: DSCS 3-044 Sep 1989CCTitan-34D TranstageU~P x x#~OZ K +(** ȉㇺ2df~.153, CT-190001A: Skynet 4AB: JCSat 21 Jan 1990CCCommercial-Titan-3Skynet 4A: PAM-D2JCSat 2: Orbus-7S>k x x#vOZ K +(* ĉJLfnp,+154, CT-290021Intelsat 60314 Mar 1990CCCommercial-Titan-3Partial failure[Orbus-21S]%Y x=x#hOZ K +(* ĉJLfnp155, CT-390056Intelsat 60423 Jun 1990CCCommercial-Titan-3[Orbus-21S] W x]x#bOZ K +(*HJdln.156, CT-492063Mars Observer25 Sep 1992CCCommercial-Titan-3[TOS-21H]&=xx# 8]xx1B&xq@xxTitan 4Dx @x5 : F" Titan 4x @xxe4xq@x1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsE @xCx2 2'㯃4\l|~#Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period) >GxJx#h|OZ K  " c鉂8:Tdfx1, K189046DSP 3-214 Jun 1989C LC41402 IUS:Ix$Kx#htOZ K  ""W~8:Tdfp2, K490050NOSS 1208 Jun 1990C LC41405@Jx6Lx#tOZ K  "" c鉀:<Xhj|3, K690095DSP 3-313 Nov 1990C LC41402 IUS@$KxHMx#tOZ K  ""-@B^pr|4, K591017Lacrosse 208 Mar 1991V SLC4E404=6LxWNx#tzOZ K  ""#W~:<Xjlv5, K891076NOSS 1308 Nov 1991V SLC4E403AHMxjOx#tOZ K  ""҉:<Xjl~6, K392083KH 12-228 Nov 1992V SLC4E404 TPACkWNxx#OZ K " $W~8:jOxxxl~7, K11n/aNOSS 142 Aug 1993 at 19:59 UTV SLC4E403Failure: exploded after 1 min 41 s0^jOxx#tOZ K ""$DFx8, K1094009Milstar 1-17 Feb 1994 at 21:47 UTC LC40401 Centaur-G' (TC12)+Yxx#tOZ K  ""j뉀:<n~9, K794026USA 1033 May 1994 at 15:55 UTC LC41401 Centaur-G' (TC10)-[xAx#tOZ K ""$j뉀<>r10, K994054USA 10527 Aug 1994 at 08:58 UTC LC41401 Centaur-G' (TC11)&Txgx#tOZ K $"& c鉀>@t11, K1494084DSP 3-522 Dec 1994 at 22:19 UTC LC40402 (K14) IUS4bAxx#tOZ K $"&5i뉀>@t12, K2395022USA 11014 May 1995 at 13:45 UTC LC40401 (K23) Centaur-G' (TC17)Ftgxx#tOZ K $"&-i뉀>@t13, K1995034USA 11210 Jul 1995 at 12:38 UTC LC41401 (K19) Centaur-G' (TC8)26 m payload shroud9gxx#tOZ K $"&FH|ʀ14, K2195060Milstar 1-206 Nov 1995 at 05:15 UTC LC40401 (K21) Centaur-G' (TC-13)$Rx>x#tOZ K $&҉<pr15, K1595066KH 12-305 Dec 1995 at 21:18 UTV SLC4E404 (K15) ?mx}x#tOZ K $"&3i뉀>rt16, K1696026USA 11824 Apr 1996 at 23:37 UTC LC41401 Centaur (TC-15)23 m payload shroudK>xx#tOZ K $"&%W~>rt17, K2296029NOSS 1512 May 1996 at 21:32 UTV SLC4E403D}xx#tOZ K ""$[i뉀<prxz18, K296038USA 12503 Jul 1996 at 00:31 UTC405Kx͎x#tOZ K $"&҉>rt19, K1396072KH 12-420 Dec 1996 at 06:44 UTV SLC4E403!Ox x#tOZ K $"& c鉀>rt20, K2497008DSP 3-623 Feb 1997 at 20:20 UTC LC40402B IUS͎x xx:n͎xFx#hOZ K $&N21, B3397061Cassini & Huygens15 Oct 1997 at 08:43 UTC LC40401B Centaur-G'payload: 5650 kgM x_x#hOZ K $&-Btv22, A1897064Lacrosse 324 Oct 1997 at 02:32 UTV SLC4E403A'UFxx#tOZ K $"&i뉀>pr23, A1797068USA 1368 Nov 1997 at 02:05 UTC LC41401A Centaur-G''U_xx#tOZ K $"&i뉀>pr24, K2598029USA 1399 May 1998 at 01:38 UTC LC40401B Centaur-G'?mxx#tOZ K  ".bdtv25, A20n/aUSA12 Aug 1998 at 11:30 UTC LC41401A Centaur-G'Failure: exploded after 42 s&xx# HxZx1CZxxHFyVanguard launch vehicleExx5 :" " Vanguarde4Zxx1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter KrebsH!xLx' B Origin: sounding rocket Vikingoxx& In 1946 the US Navy's NRL (Naval Research Laboratory) launched the study of a high performance sounding rocket named HASR-2 (High Altitude Sounding Rocket) to replace the V2s when there would be no more left. This leaded th the developement of the Neptune rocket, later renamed Viking. The Glenn L. Martin company was contacted to built 10 rockets, 4 were reordered later.The Viking propulsion was granted to Reaction Motors which already produced the Bell X1 rocket-plane. The new motor was feed with alcohol and liquid oxygen by turbopomps. It provided 91.5 kN thrust. Names XLR-10 this motor was a high technology one at the time because it used regenerating cooling system and a deployable nozzle. The rocket also had integral tanks to lighten the structure and a 3-axis stabilization with little nozzles around the it to orient it after the shutdown of the main engine.J%Lx+x% KThere are 2 generations in the Viking series: the models 1 to 7 that were 81 cm diameter and models 8 to 14 (shorter) that were 114 cm diameter. The heights were ranging from 14.8 m to 12.8 m and the takeoff weights were between 4.37 tons and 6.81 tons. Between May 1949 and May 1959 only one failure occured with Viking-8. All Vikings were launched from White Sands except Viking-4 which was launched from the deck of USS Norton Sound and the 2 last ones which where used as test vehicles for the Vanguard program, launched from Cape Canaveral.2 x]x' O Vanguard@+xy& 5In July 1955 the United States announced their intention of launching small earth artificial satellites as their contribution to the International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958. Two months later the Vanguard project was selected to launch those satellites.The project was granted to the Glenn L. Martin Company which was to use a modified Viking rocket as first stage. In fact the differences were important: the diameter stayed the same but the length was extended to 13.4 m and the propulsion system was changed. This new motor built by General Electric was derived from the Hermes A-3B project. Named X-405 it used kerosene and LOX]xyx, had a deployable nozzle and provided 120 kN (A-3B: 100 kN) during 145 seconds. The X-405 had a re-generated cooling system and was powered by turbopomps.]xTy%  The second stage of Vanguard was designed by Aerojet General. It was an extrapolation of the Aerobee Hi: the diameter was extended to 81 cm. The AJ-10 motor had a deployable nozzle and its thrust was then 33 kN with a lifetime of 120 s. It was feeded with a mix a stockable propellant helium-pressurized: UDMH (Unsymmetrical DiMethyl Hydrazine) and WIFNA (White Inhibited Fuming Nitric Acid). This second stage also contained the flight control equipement and the 3rd stage table rotator. During the propulsed flight phases the rocket was controled with the nozzles and during the balistic phase after the 2nd stage shutdown by helium jets. ymy' The third stage was equipped with a 33-KS-2800 solid booster from Grand Central Rocket Company which provided 12.5 kN thrust during 33 seconds. It was replaced for the last launch by a lighter motor developped by Alleghany Ballistics Laboratories. This glass fiber reinforced platic structure X-248 Altair engine provided 13.8 kN. Finally the Vanguard rocket weighed 21.6 m high with the cap. The payload was only of a few kilograms in the first version and reached 20 kg with the last model.`5Tyy+ $k~After 2 test flights with a Viking first stage (TV-0 & TV-1) in Dec 1956 & May 1957 the launch of a Vanguard first stage with mockups of the top stages (TV-2) occured in Oct 1957, a few days after the launch of Sputnik 01. The successful Russian launch cause the program to be accelerated despite reliability questions. Two failures (TV-3 & TV-3A) occured before the success of Vanguard 1 in March 1958. Four failures (TV-5 & SLV-1 to -3) occured before a success in Feb 1959. The third and last success occured in Sep 1959 after 2 more failures (SLV-5 & -6).pmy yC T=vp+㰭=Hg'KThree success out of 11 flights was not a good score especially because the Russian failures were keep secret. Worth to be noted the Vanguard top stages were used to design the Able (see Thor Able) and then the Delta (see Thor Delta) which were very reliable. Also the stages derived from Altair were used on several launchers (Thor, Atlas, Scout, etc.).;y y' ( Vanguard launchesF| y y#dzY K u  $&<>\ln#Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period) N y y#FzY K u  "<>V\^1, TV-3FTOVanguard 1A6 Dec 1957CFailure: exploded after 2 sU y y#FzY K u $&@BZ`b2, TV-3BUFTOVanguard 1B5 Feb 1958CFailure: control lost after 57 s5 y y#FjzY K u $&kBD^df3, TV-458002Vanguard 117 Mar 1958CW yy#FzY K u  "<>X^`4, TV-5FTOVanguard 2A28 Apr 1958CFailure: 3rd stage failed to ignite< y@y#FxzY K u "$>@Z`b5, SLV-1FTOVanguard 2B27 May 19y@yx58CFailure<yAy#FxzY K u "$>@Z`b6, SLV-2FTOVanguard 2C26 Jun 1958CFailure<@y By#FxzY K u "$>@Z`b7, SLV-3FTOVanguard 2D29 Sep 1958CFailure6AyBy#FlzY K u &(kDF`fh8, SLV-459001Vanguard 217 Feb 1959C< ByCy#FxzY K u "$>@Z`b9, SLV-5FTOVanguard 3A13 Apr 1959CFailure=ByDy#FzzY K u $&@B\bd10, SLV-6FTOVanguard 3B22 Jun 1959CFailure5tCy"Fy#RzY K u *,kHJdjl11, TV-4BU59007Vanguard 318 Sep 1959CPartial failure: 3rd stage failed to separate from payload&DyHFy# 4"Fy|Fy1Ձk|FyGy=yVLS@ HFyFy5 : " VLSD|FyGy* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraFyIy& Brazil's spance activity started in the early sixties with the creation of a space research national commission. It was composed of the space physics lab of Sao Jos dos Campos and a sounding rocket launch site 20 km south of Natal.The first Brazilian realization was the Sonda-1 rocket. It weighed 60 kg and could send 4 kg to 60-75 km altitude. In 1966 the 360 kg Sonda-2 could send 45 kg at 80 km altitude. This 30 cm diameter rocket was later used as top stage for the Sonda-3 which could reach 600 km altitude with 60 kg of payload. Sonda-3 was 1.6 tons, 8 m high. It featured a 56 cm diameter first stage. It was first launched on 26 Feb 1976.6GyLy' The startup of this rocket was soon followed by a US and French embargo on hardware (solid fuel and electronic equipment) needed to build them. Brazil then asked Germany and Taiwan for help to go on with their civilian and military rocket program.A new sounding rocket (being prepared since 1974 with the help of Germany by the Instituto de Atividades Espacias, later known as Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaco) was launched on 21 Nov 1984 from the Barreira do Inferno launch site. This two-stage rocket was 11 m high. It weighed 7.3 tons at takeoff and reaches 650 km altitude with 500 kg payload. The first stage is 1 m diameter and 7.7 tons. It provides 203 kN thrust (ground level) during 60 seconds. The second stage is 56 cm diameter and provides 95 kN during 28 seconds.(IyOy% In the mid eighties Brazil started several ballistic missiles programs. The SS-300 (Avibas) had a 300 km range. It was 11.5 m long and 1 m diameter. It weighed 8 tons at takeoff with a 1 ton charge. Several test flights where carried on in 1987 but the program was cancelled in 1989. The MB/EE-150 (Orbita) has 150 km range; it was 12 m long and weighed 4.5 tons with 500 kg of military payload. This program was also cancelled but it contributed to reinforce the embargo on inertial and pyrotechnic components.U(LygOy- *P  VLS (Veiculo Lancador de Satelites)7Oyy$ 'The VLS launcher was developped by the Orbita company under control of the Centro Tecnico Aerospacial (CTA) and of tgOyyHFyhe Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaco (IAE). It is a 4-stage solid fuel rocket that weighs approx. 50 tons and measures 19 m high. It is made of a central body to which 4 boosters (derived from Sonda-4) are attached. Those boosters are 1 m diameter, 9 m long and weigh 8.5 tons. They provide 309 kN thrust during 60 seconds. The central body has 3 parts of 1 m diameter. The first one is very similar to the boosters with a nozzle adapted to altitude. The second provides 213 kN thrust during 57 seconds while the third provides 34 kN during 68 seconds. The VLS is designed to deliver 200 kg of payload in LEO at 750 km, 25 orbit or at 500 km in sun-synchronous orbit.f?gOyy' A first test of the 1/3 model failed in December 1985. A second one was successful in May 1989. This VLS-R2 confirmed correct separation of the stages. Those tests were made from the Barreira do Inferno base but the VLS should be launched from a new base at Alcantara (2.2 south) from where a Sonda-4 was launched in February 1990. In April 1993 Brazil fired an experimental vehicle (VS-40) made of the last two stages of VLS. The vehicle reached 1248 km altitude.The VLS program developement is slow due to the embargo which bares importation of the inertial module. 6yFy'  VLS launchesfyy# 4\N\   $& <> \ l |~ #Launch idPayloadLaunch DateSiteTypeStatus/Comment (orbit in perigee x apogee x inclination x period))WFyՇy#t4\N\ o\D*,\bdh1FTOSCD 2A2 Nov 1997 at 12:25 UTAFailure: 1 1-stage motor failedhBy=y& %Notes: A: Alcantara, Maranhao state Brazil (217' S, 4423' W)6Շysy1&syydzZenitB =yy5 : " Zenite4syy1 2h 㭄؉>ɉby Jean-Jacques Serralisting by Gunter Krebs:yTy$ -The Zenit rockets are not derived from ballistic missiles as most of the NPO Yuzhnoye (Dniepropetrovsk, Ukraine) achievements. There ware designed from the start for space missions. The first stage of the Zenits is used as booster for the Energia launcher (known as Zenit-1).G yy' @ Two-stage Zenit-2 (J-1/SL-16)0 Tyˌy& The Zenit 2 (11K77) has a constant diameter of 3.9 m. It is 57 m high and weighs 460 tons at liftoff with a 15-ton payload. Both stages use liquid propellant: kerosene-LOXThe first stage is equipped with a RD-170/171 motor (Glouchko, NPO Energomash) with 4 combustion chambers. It provides 7259 kN thrust at ground level and 7911 kN is vaccum (ISp = 337 s). The RD-171 version of the motor can be oriented on 2 axis, the RD-170 Energia on 1 axis. The stage contains 318.8 tons propellant and burns during 140 seconds. y׎y) The second stage features an RD-120 (Glouchko, NPO Energomash) with single fixed nozzle. It is joined with 4 vernier motors (NPO Yuzhnoye) for pilotage. It provides 834 kN thrust (ISp = 350 s) and can function during upto 315 seconds to match the mission's need.Zenit 2 is intended for LEO and MEO upto 1500 km altitude. The maximum payload weight is 13.74 tons in circular 200 km orbit 51 or 11.38 tons in sun-synchronous 200 km/99 from Tyuratam.Until now it has launched:Yˌy ^ np#Launch idPayloadLaunch date TypeStatus (orbit in perigee x apogee x inc. x period)5tyy#:j4]2 68RTf1n/aR&D suborbital13 Apr 1985Zenit-2#nyy#:4]2 :<VXj285053R&D suborbital21 Jun 1985Zenit-2intended to be suborbital but some debris reached orbitByy#F4]2 _剂PRln385097Cosmos 1697 [Tselina-2]22 Oct 1985Zenit-2+jyy#R4]2 _剂PRln$485121Cosmos 1714 [Tselina-2]28 Dec 1985Zenit-2Failure: second stage failed to ignite4yy#:h4]2 46PRd586056Cosmos 176730 Jul 1986Zenit-24yy#:h4]2 46PRd686080Cosmos 178622 Oct 1986Zenit-24yy#:h4]2 46PRd787016Cosmos 182014 Feb 1987Zenit-2Byy#F4]2 _剂PRln887027Cosmos 1833 [Tselina-2]18 Mar 1987Zenit-2Byy#F4]2 _剂PRln987041Cosmos 1844 [Tselina-2]13 May 1987Zenit-24yy#:h4]2 68PRd1087065Cosmos 18711 Aug 1987Zenit-25yiy#:j4]2 68RTf1187071Cosmos 187328 Aug 1987Zenit-2Cygy#F4]2 _剂RTnp1288039Cosmos 1943 [Tselina-2]15 May 1988Zenit-27iyYy#Fn4]2 (w:<VXj1388102Cosmos 198023 Nov 1988Zenit-2CgyWy#F4]2 _剂RTnp1490046Cosmos 2082 [Tselina-2]22 May 1990Zenit-23lYyz#^4]2 _剂68PRWyz=y(d$15n/a[Tselina-2]4 Oct 1990Zenit-2Failure: first stage engine exploded after 3 secondsWWyz#^4]2 _剂68RT(f$16n/a[Tselina-2]30 Aug 1991Zenit-2Failure: second stage exploded Yzz#^4]2 _剂68PR(d$17n/a[Tselina-2]5 Feb 1992Zenit-2Failure: second stage malfunction7zz#Fn4]2 +x:<VXj1892076Cosmos 221917 Nov 1992Zenit-2Czz#F4]2 _剂RTnp1992093Cosmos 2227 [Tselina-2]25 Dec 1992Zenit-27zz#Fn4]2 ,x:<VXj2093016Cosmos 223726 Mar 1993Zenit-27zz#Fn4]2 ,x:<VXj2193059Cosmos 226316 Sep 1993Zenit-27zz#Fn4]2 ,x:<VXj2293059Cosmos 227823 Apr 1994Zenit-27zz#Fn4]2 -x:<VXj2394053Cosmos 229026 Aug 1994Zenit-26z} z#Fl4]2 Ssɉ:<TVh2494074Resurs O1-34 Nov 1994Zenit-27zo z#Fn4]2 -x:<VXj2594077Cosmos 229724 Nov 1994Zenit-27} za z#Fn4]2 3x:<VXj2695058Cosmos 232230 Oct 1995Zenit-26o zR z#Fl4]2 E3x:<TVh2796051Cosmos 23334 Sep 1996Zenit-2D}a z z#^4]2 "_剀&8:np$28n/a[Tselina-2]20 May 1997 at 07:07 UTZenit-2Failure: first stage engines shutdown 48 s after takeoffR zz#!4]2 zSsɉ=JUW ډNf&l]ЀҀ 2998043A: Resurs O1-4B: Fasat BravoC: TmsatD: Techsat 2E: WespacF: Safir 210 Jul 1998 at 06:27 UTZenit-2M' zdz& N%Notes: All launches from Tyouratam.Azz1dkzP@zFzAgena top stagesMdz @z5 :2 " Agena top stagesz @zdzDzP@z* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra @zCz$ The Agena stage was developped by Lockheed for the USAF. The first version used for Discoverer in 1959 was equipped with a Bell 8096 motor derived from the Hustler designed for the PDBP (Powered Disposable Bomb Pod) for the B-58 bombardier. This motor used the nitric acid/UDMH couple as propellant; it was capable of 67 kN during 2 minutes (ISp = 250 seconds). It couldn't be re-ignited on the contrary of the 1960 Agena-B. The Agena-D version featured a more powerful engine with 71 kN and a doubled burning time. All those rockets had the same diameter (1.52 m) and a variable length depending on the payload to which there wore most often attached.P@zCz% The Agena was used from 1959 to 1987. It's the American most used top stage with 362 launches including a majority of military payloads.<CzCz- *O#* Thor Agena&CzDz# =CzSDz- * OmO{ Atlas Agena&DzyDz# ?SDzDz- *$O^] Titan 3 AgenayDzFz$ OThe titan 3B was a military launcher using an Agena top stage. It was used to launch reconnaissance satellites from the KH-8 series between 1966 and 1984. The same launcher was used for the classified SDS and Jumpseat launches to Molniya type orbits. In 1975 a version with a a longer first stage and wider cap was introduced: Titan 34B (or Titan 3B Ascent Agena). It was specifically devoted to those military launches.BDzFz1_FzWGzMzBurner top stagesNFzGz5 :4 " Burner top stagesDFzWGz* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques SerraKGzIz7 <)pg'K扂Altair, the old solid fuel third stage of the Vanguard rocket was spin stabilized. It was used the same way as top stage for Delta and Scout. The X-248, which was the motor of the Altair, had a plastic structure reinforced by fiberglass. It was developped by Alleghany Ballistics Laboratories and provided 13.8 kN thrust during 27 seconds.Boeing's Burner used the same booster but equipped with a 3-axis stabilization system. It was associated to Thor in 1965 to launch meteorological satellites (6 flights: 5 successful).@WGzKzE X 9 26An enhanced version designated Burner-2 was introduced in Sep 1966. It was based on the use of the Thiokol Star-37B (TE-M-364-2) derived from the retro-rocket of the Surveyor lunar probes. This 94 cm diameter motor weighed 807 kg (including 654 kg propellant) and provided 44.5 kN suring 42 seconds. It was placed inside a 1.65 m diameter cap. This stage was used upon:- Thor first stage to launch 10 DMSPs and 2 STP satellite- Atlas first stage to launch STP payloads (2 flights: 1 failure): IzMz1 09Burner-2A was introduced in 1971. It was a 2-stage version with the second stage based on a Star-37D (TE-M-364-15) which performances were close to Star-37B. Il was mounted on Thor first stages to launch DMSP meteorology satellites (13 flights: 2 failures).7KzSMz1 SMzMz zCastorCMzMz5 : " CastorDSMzMz* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra6MzNz' O Castor 1 & 2rMzOz7 <g'Kg'Kg'KThe Thiokol Castor booster, used since 1960 as second stage for Scout were derived from the tactical Sergeant missile. This missile, built by Sperry, was 10.6 m long for 79 cm diameter and weighed 4.5 tons. Its range was: 45 to 140 km.The Castor 1 was used by all the Scout-X version and was replaced my Castor 2 (TX354-3) when Scout-A1 was introduced in 1965.4 Nz z* $ CastorOz zMziOzz#  8Tj  DesignationLength (m)Diameter (m)Mass (t)Main engine Thrust (kN)Main engine SI (sec.)/ zÁz#ڀ^$0<HRCastor 1 (TX33)5.920.793.8528627.4<zz#ڀx&<H^pCastor 2 (TX354)5.96-6.270.794.32-4.42259-275371Áz:z#ڀb&2>LVCastor 4 (TX526)9.071.0210.5342853.9:zz#ڀt(<HVhCastor 4A (TX780)8.09-9201.0211.58436-47653.12:zz#ڀd(4@NXCastor 4B (TX859)8.981.0211.4842960.9{<z+z? Ly+#*pJFrom 1963 on, the Thor first-stage-based launchers were equipped with Castor solid boosters to get the TAT (Thrust Augmented Thor). The TAT Agena was launched in 1963, the TAT Delta (or TAD) in 1964. Those Castor-1 & Castor-2 boosters were then used by groups of 3, 6 (Delta M6) and finally 9 (Delta 900). The last models were used from 1975 on by the Japanese N1, N2 and H1 rockets.The boosters of Sergeant missiles are still used by OSC for Starbird (targets for the ERINT program), LCLV (Low Cost Launch Vehicle) and Storm (targets for the THAAD program).7zbz'  O Castor 4 & 4Ag)+zɊz> JSpp㰭=HxAfter 1975, when the only Thor first stage-based was the Delta (3900 series) the Castor-2 were replaced by Castor-4 (TX526) of 1.02 m diameter that we herited from the Athena-H sounding rocket. In 1989 an enhanced version was introduced on the Delta 2 (6900 series): Castor-4A (TX780) weighing 11.6 tons. Two pairs of Castor-4A boosters also equip the Atlas 2 (2AS version) since 1993.The light launcher Conestoga was designed from associated Castor-4. The most powerful version, Conestoga 1620, is made of 6 Castor-4 (4 Castor-4B with deployable nozzle and 2 Castor-4A with fixed nozzle) surrounding a Castor-4B. Four Castors are fired at launch time (1st stage), 2 are ignited then (2nd stage) and the central Castor-4 acts as the third stage. The top stage is a Star-48, also built by Thiokol."bzz% The Castor-4A boosters are also used by OSC for Prospector sounding rockets since 1991. The Maxus rocket (German & Swedish) is the largest sounding rocket fired from Europe (Kiruna). It is also made of a Castor-4B; with 12.3 tons and 500 kg payload.7Ɋz"z'   Castor 120 GTz z8 >a㻦ʼnGKTbnW"The Castor-120 is a large solid fuel booster derived from the MX Peacekeeper (TU 903) missile. This booster is 8.89 m long and 2.34 m diameter. It weighs about 54 tons. Castor-120 was modified to provide a smaller acceleration than the TU 903: 1546 kN (in vacuum) during 86 seconds.Two light launchers are based on it: Taurus from OSC (with the 3 Hercules stages of Pegasus) and Athena from LM (with an Orbus 21 UTC/CSD).C"zMz1_Mzz\{Centaur top stagesO zz5 :6 " Centaur top stagesDMzz* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra:zz' &O Centaur on AtlasX.z~z* "]㰭=HThe Centaur top-stage was the first cryogenic rocket stage. The Pratt & Whitney RL10 engine consuming liquid oxygen and hydrogen had a long and difficult development. Its design started iz~z zn 1958. It first flew in 1962 but didn't launch a real payload before 1966. The Centaur stage was designed to be used by Atlas. It was 3.05 m in diameter and 9.1 m in length. In its operational version it was equipped with two RL10 A-3-3 engines with a thrust of 66.7 kN each. It carried 13.8 tons propellant and could burn during 450 seconds with several ignitions.NzzI ` yjK\K\㰭=HCIxyjIn the late-70ies the Atlas Centaur program was to be abandonned since NASA had decided to transfer all launches to the Shuttle. In fact STS was less available than expected and the Atlas launch program was resumed (with the help of Intelsat finances) with a simplified motor. On the RL10 A-3-3A (73.4 kN thrust) the turbopump feeding was replaced by a pressurized tank system. This new Centaur was first launched in 1984 with an Atlas-G (streched by 2 meters). The GTO capacity then reached 2.3 tons.j~zyzC Tyjyjyjyj_ 0In 1987 the augmented Atlas Centaur was selected by the USAF as the MLV2 standard launcher. This new launcher is refered to as Atlas-2. The first stage was streched by 2.7 m and the second stage by 0.9 m. This new Centaur takes 16.8 tons of propellant and can burn up to 473 seconds. Atlas-2A is different by its second stage RL10 A-4 engines with deployable nozzle. Atlas-2AS is still more powerful. It is made from Atlas-2A to which two pairs of Castor-4A boosters are added. Each pair ignites one after the other. Thus GTO capacity raises to 2.8, 3.1 and 3.7 tons respectively for Atlas 2, 2A and 2AS.&zz# R+yzz' V Evolution of Centaur's propulsion system dzz#    @ v  DesignationFirst launchMain engine Thrust (kN)Main engineSI (sec.)Applications%zz#J $0:<RL10 A-1196266.7425Tests/zhz#^ (4>@RL10 A-3-1196366.7431Atlas Centaur/z#z#^ (4>@RL10 A-3-3196666.7444Atlas Centaur/hzz#^ *6@BRL10 A-3-3A198473.4446Atlas-1 & -2/#zz#^ $0:<RL10 A-4199192.6449Atlas-2A & -2AS~Yzz% Statistics: the RL-10 motor made its 100th flight on the top stage Centaur of AC-114:zQz' &O Centaur on Titan*z{> J^]K\K\zBetween 1974 and 1977, seven Centaur were used as top stages for Titan 3 rockets, designated as Titan 3E with no major transformation. In this configuration the Centaur was placed into the cap (4.1 m diameter) which provided the thermic protection. Those launchers were devoted to US and German probles and could send 3.6 tons to Mars or Venus.In 1983 an agreement between NASA and USAF was reached to finance the development of a stage derived from Centaur to launch military satellites and probes from the Shuttle. This new cryogenic stage was a wide body of the Centaur to optimize the volume into the Shuttle's bay. The same motors remained so as the 3.05 m diamater liquid oxygen tank while the hydrogen tank was enhanced to 4.3 m diameter. Two versions of this new stage were developped: Centaur G of 6.1 m long for the USAF and a longer version named Centaur G-primQz{ ze of 9.1 m long for NASA. After the Challenger accident usage of a cryogenic stage was prohibited for security reasons.Qz\{1 0I^]^]The Centaur G-prime was then adapted to the Titan 4. This version is 4.5 m diameter and about 9 m long. It weighs 26 tons including 23 tons propellant. The motors are RL10-3-3A of 73.4 kN which can operate for up to 617 seconds. The Titan 4 with Centaur top stage is designated Titan 401. It can orbit 4.5 tons in GEO. An enhanced version with Hercules SRMU boosters will enable to place 5.8 tons on such orbits.4{{1A {{/ {IUSK\{{5 :. " IUS top stagesD{{* $4 㭄؉by Jean-Jacques Serra({G{2 2K\ELAt first called Interim Upper Stage since it was devoted to fill the gap until the Space Tug shuttle became available, it became the Intertial Upper Stage when the project was stopped.Boeing developped the IUS from 1976 to 1981. The vehicle was aimed to act as a top stage for STS but also for the Titan military launchers. IUS is a 2-stage solid fuel vehicle featuring UTC/CSD boosters with deployable nozzles. The propellant load (HTPB) can be adjusted depending of the mission (up to -50%).f{{3 4K\^]Note: a 3-stage version designed for NASA was dropped, but some of the launches did required a third stage (probes).The whole vehicle is 5.17 m high for 2.9 m diameter and weighs 14.76 tons (Shuttle version) or 13.1 tons (Titan 34D version). The first stage (SRM 1) is 3.52 m long and 2.34 m diameter. It used the Orbus-21 motor (up to 9.7 tons propellant) providing a mean thrust of 196 kN during 154 seconds (ISp = 295 seconds). This motor is also used for the TOS perigee stages, and those (spinned) of Intelsat 6 series and for the LLV top stage. The second stage (SRM 2) is 2.1 m long and 1.61 m diameter. It features an Orbus motor (up to 2.75 tons of propellant) available in 2 versions: 6 or 6E depending on the presence of an extensible nozzle. It provides 80 kN during 103 seconds (ISp = 289 seconds or 303 seconds respectively for version 6 and 6E).G{ {L f K\ ^] ^]This 3-axis stabilized vehicle is very reliable. Its launch capacity to GEO is:- 2.27 tons from STS- 1.82 tons from Titan 34D- 2.36 tons or 2.86 tons from Titan 4 (CSD or Hercules boosters)3 {/ {' O Titan IUS3 {b {= H^]ą^]oSIUS was used twice on Titan 34D: in Octiber 1982 (1st IUS launch) and in September 1989 to launch DSCS satellites.The Titan 4 + IUS configuration is named Titan 402. It was introduced in June 1989 and is used to launch DSP satellites.1 / { {' O STS IUSLb {/ {P nz㯃4K\K\@ĘąoSIUS succeeded all its missions from the Shuttle except the first one (partial failure). After the Challenger accident the Centaur was banned from STS so IUS became the only available vehicle. Late 1995 the missions carried out by STS IUS were: TDRS, Magnum, DSCS, DSP and probes such as Magellan, Galileo, Ulysses9 {h {1h { {gA{MissionsE/ { {5 :"NJ" Missions4 h { {'  Scientific {{T vS_BCV$?v߲-d;pl@0pjAstronomyGeodesyObservation of ionosphereObservation of high atmosphereObservation of magnetosphereObservation of meteoritesObservation of the SunB { {' 6O Observation of the Earthd{{7 >DVl/郉Meteorology: Geostationary satellitesMeteorology: LEO satellitesRemote sensing satellites< { @{' * Telecommunications{ @{/ {^.{j@{0 0\€㓉Geostationary satellitesLEO satellites4 @{@{'  NavigationEj@{@{* $6シNavigation satellites8@{A{' " Special topicsL#@{gA{) "Fㅯ\&Radioactive payload and debris: A{A{1Y A{A{t{AstronomyJgA{A{8 @&H̀" Astronomy=A{(B{' ,O Gamma-ray astronomy+A{SB{$ 1961B(B{B{+ &.c`(014)Explorer 11+SB{B{$ 19647B{B{& "Cosmos 0051+B{"C{$ 1968]/B{C{. ,^Cosmos 0208Cosmos 0251Cosmos 0264+"C{C{$ 1972BC{C{+ &.`(090)Explorer 48+C{D{$ 19737C{ND{& "Cosmos 0561+D{yD{$ 1975<ND{D{+ &"UXT(072)Cos B+yD{D{$ 1977>D{E{+ &&o5(049)Signe 3+D{IE{$ 1979=E{E{+ &$ܰFI(082)Heao 3+IE{E{$ 1987>E{E{+ &&(012)Astro C+E{F{$ 1989=E{WF{+ &$㲩)C(096)Granat+F{F{$ 1990<WF{F{+ &"hT(058)Gamma+F{F{$ 1991:F{#G{+ &p(027)GRO6F{YG{' O IR astronomy+#G{G{$ 1983;YG{G{+ & v>UU(004)Iras+G{G{$ 1989;G{%H{+ & vMU(089)Cobe+G{PH{$ 1995:%H{H{+ &~(062)ISO>PH{H{' .O Multi-band astronomy+H{H{$ 1989@H{3I{+ &*(062)Hipparcos+H{^I{$ 1990:3I{I{+ &~w(037)HST6^I{I{' O UV astronomy+I{I{$ 19647I{0J{& "Cosmos 0051+I{[J{$ 1966<0J{J{+ &"?vV(031)OAO 1+[J{J{$ 1968<J{J{+ &"?vV(110)OAO 2+J{)K{$ 1971@J{iK{+ &*<(030)Tournesol+)K{K{$ 1972T iK{K{4 8@4~W?vV(014)TD 1A(065)OAO 3+K{L{$ 1974:K{ML{+ &D(070)ANS+L{xL{$ 1975;ML{L{+ & RKU(092)Aura+xL{L{$ 1977:L{M{+ &~(012)IUE+L{CM{$ 1983=M{M{+ &$"(020)Astron+CM{M{$ 1992;M{M{+ & N}PU(031)EUVE+M{N{$ 1993=M{NN{+ &$b (062)Alexis+N{yN{$ 1995b.NN{N{4 8\kӸ~ZD(004)Spartan 204(048)Spartan 201-3+yN{O{$ 1997AN{GO{+ &,K&(018)Minisat 019O{O{' $O X-ray astronomy+GO{O{$ 19687O{ {& "Cosmos 0208O{ {gA{+O{7{$ 1970B {y{+ &.`(107)Explorer 42+7{{$ 1972<y{{+ &"?vV(065)OAO 3+{ {$ 1974T {_{4 8@Dh$t(070)ANS(077)Ariel 5+ {{$ 1975B_{́{+ &.`(037)Explorer 53+{{$ 1977=́{4{+ &$ڰFI(075)Heao 1+{_{$ 1978=4{{+ &$۰FI(103)Heao 2+_{ǂ{$ 1979X${{4 8H~Ni$t(014)Corsa B(047)Ariel 6+ǂ{J{$ 1983W#{{4 8Fr2(011)Astro B(051)Exosat+J{̃{$ 1985B{{+ &./̸~(048)Spartan 101+̃{9{$ 1987>{w{+ &&(012)Astro C+9{{$ 1989=w{߄{+ &$㲩)C(096)Granat+{ {$ 1990T ߄{^{4 8@r#WhT(049)Rosat(058)Gamma+ {{$ 1993>^{Dž{+ &&(011)Astro D+{{$ 1995:Dž{,{+ &*(074)XTE+{W{$ 1996:,{{+ &(027)SAX9W{ʆ{' $O Radio astronomy+{{$ 1968Bʆ{7{+ &.`(055)Explorer 38+{b{$ 1983A7{{+ &,s(067)Prognoz 09+b{·{$ 1991;{ {+ & 4`U(050)Sara+·{4{$ 1997= {q{+ &$ӊH(005)Haruka<4{{' *O External resourcesq{t{6 :#http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/code661/code661.htmlhttp://lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xray/branch/homepage.html8{{1{{{GeodesyHt{{8 @"H̀" Geodesy+{{$ 1960={\{+ &$LV.(009)Echo 1+{{$ 1962>\{Ŋ{+ &&WR(060)Anna 1B+{{$ 1964w:Ŋ{g{= Jt MV.`(001)Secor 01B(004)Echo 2(064)Explorer 22+{{$ 1965g{{k )hAhAm^{l^{n^{`o^{`(016)GGSE 2(016)GGSE 3(016)Secor 03(017)Secor 02(027)Secor 04(032)Explorer 27(063)Secor 05(089)Explorer 29+{{$ 1966d{s{S vQSp^{Nfq^{r^{(013)Diapason(051)Secor 06GGTS 1(056)Pageos(077)Secor 07(089)Secor 08+{{$ 1967cs{T{S v㦼㧼hAhAs^{(011)Diadme 1(014)Diadme 2(053)GGSE 4(053)GGSE 5(065)Secor 09DODGE+{{$ 1968h5T{{3 6j`(002)Explorer 36Cosmos 0203Cosmos 0256+{{$ 1969e2{w{3 6d^{Cosmos 0272(037)Secor 13Cosmos 0312+{{$ 19702 w{ԏ{& TOPO 1+{ {$ 1971ԏ{ {t{J ԏ{V{* $@Cosmos 0409Cosmos 0457+ {{$ 1972J V{{* $@Cosmos 0480Cosmos 0539+{{$ 19737{-{& "Cosmos 0585+{X{$ 1974J -{{* $@Cosmos 0650Cosmos 0675+X{{$ 1975S{e{E Z?1@ )(010)StarletteCosmos 0708(027)Geos 3(039)CastorCosmos 0770+{{$ 1976d1e{{3 6bCosmos 0807(039)Lageos 1Cosmos 842+{{$ 1977J {i{* $@Cosmos 0911Cosmos 0963+{{$ 19797i{{& "Cosmos 1067+{{$ 1980H{>{, (8!&Cosmos 1312 (Geo-IK)+{i{$ 1981H>{{, (8!&Cosmos 1410 (Geo-IK)+i{{$ 1982H{${, (8!&Cosmos 1510 (Geo-IK)+{O{$ 1984H${{, (8!&Cosmos 1589 (Geo-IK)+O{{$ 1985H{ {, (8!&Cosmos 1660 (Geo-IK)+{5{$ 1986F {{? N!&r& !&Cosmos 1732 (Geo-IK)(061)AjisaiCosmos 1803 (Geo-IK)+5{{$ 1987H{-{, (8!&Cosmos 1823 (Geo-IK)+{X{$ 1988H-{{, (8!&Cosmos 1950 (Geo-IK)+X{{$ 1989s:{>{9 Btex!&Etalon 1Etalon 2(068)Cosmos 2037 (Geo-IK)+{i{$ 1990X(>{{0 0P!&Etalon 3Cosmos 2088 (Geo-IK)+i{{$ 1992F{p{> Lue!&(052)Topex Poseidon(070)Lageos 2Cosmos 2226 (Geo-IK)+{{$ 1993=p{{+ &$xټ(061)Stella+{{$ 1994P{S{1 2>-l!&(078)Geo-IK 1 (Geo-IK)+{~{$ 19957 S{{+ &lJTGFZ 1+~{{$ 19976 {{+ &JiUZeya<{R{' *O External resources_8{{' phttp://www.dgfi.badw-muenchen.de/edc/satellites.htmlJR{{1F{U{) |Observation of ionosphereZ"{U{8 @FH̀" Observation of ionosphere+{{$ 1957AU{{+ &,~(001)Sputnik 01+{{$ 1958U{{F \``~`(001)Explorer 01(003)Explorer 03(004)Sputnik 03(005)Explorer 04+{{$ 1960B{{+ &.`(014)Explorer 08+{{$ 1961@{_{+ &*㮎Y(015)Solrad 03+{{$ 1962_{v{V z-d$tH6(008)Cosmos 0001Cosmos 0002Cosmos 0003(015)Ariel 1Cosmos 0007Cosmos 0008(049)Alouette 1Cosmos 0010Cosmos 0012+{{$ 1963\v{C|: DCosmos 0013Cosmos 0015Cos{C|{mos 0016Cosmos 0017Cosmos 0018Cosmos 0019+{n|$ 1964C|_|b e$t````(006)Elektron 1(015)Ariel 2(038)Elektron 3(051)Explorer 20(064)Explorer 22(076)Explorer 25(086)Explorer 26+n||$ 1965r_|T|X `㡄*㢄*`I6QU(031)Explorer 27(054)Proton 1(087)Proton 2(098)Explorer 31(098)Alouette 2(101)FR 1+||$ 1966?T||+ &(㣄*(060)Proton 3+||$ 1967Q"|:|/ .Df$t(042)Ariel 3Cosmos 0163+|e|$ 1968Y:||J db`ob㤄*(041)Esro 2B(66)Explorer 40(084)Esro 1A(103)Proton 4Cosmos 0255+e|3|$ 1969C||A RTpbKU(009)Isis 1(083)Esro 1B(097)AzurIntercosmos 02+3||$ 1970`2|B|. ,dCosmos 0321Intercosmos 03Cosmos 0381+|m|$ 1971YB||J dTeg$t2y`(024)Isis 2(080)ShinseiIntercosmos 05(109)Ariel 4(119)Aurole 1+m|;|$ 1972||R r[@=T#1kCosmos 0477Cosmos 0484Intercosmos 06Cosmos 0490(064)Denpa(092)Esro 4Intercosmos 08(100)Aeros 1+;|;|$ 1973l9||3 6r3y`Intercosmos 09Intercosmos 10(107)Aurole 2+;||$ 1974X$|*|4 8HlmgS(055)Aeros 2(089)Intasat+|U|$ 1975H*||< HzWG(014)TaiyoIntercosmos 13(033)AryabhataIntercosmos 14+U| |$ 1976R#|V |/ .FrW(019)Ume 1Intercosmos 15+ | |$ 1977M#V | |* $FCosmos 0900Intercosmos 17+ | |$ 1978^* |W |4 8Tq2=ԉ(014)Exos A(099)Intercosmos 18+ | |$ 1979:W | |& (Intercosmos 19+ | |$ 1981M |q |= J)(v&4y`(070)Dynamics Explorer 2(093)Dong Fang Hong 09(094)Aurole 3+ | |$ 19847q | |& "Cosmos 1543+ | |$ 1986= |; |+ &$1ĉ(019)Viking+ |f |$ 1989=; | |+ &$q2(016)Exos D+f | |$ 1994[' |) |4 8N^_G(014)Coronas 1(027)Sross C2O |x |1a x | |J|Observation of high atmosphere_') | |8 @PH̀" Observation of high atmosphere+x ||$ 1958A |C|+ &,k(002)Vanguard 1+|n|$ 1959_+C||4 8Vk`(001)Vanguard 2(009)Explorer 07+n||$ 1961B|:|+ &.`(004)Explorer 09+|e|$ 1963`,:||4 8Xi`k`(009)Explorer 17(053)Explorer 19+e| @|$ 1964| @|) |L|@|A Re$t`7(015)Ariel 2Cosmos 0049(076)Explorer 24(084)San Marco 1+ @|@|$ 1966B@|A|+ &.`(043)Explorer 32+@|1A|$ 1967\(A|A|4 8P7f$t(038)San Marco 2(042)Ariel 3+1A|A|$ 1968h5A| B|3 6j`(066)Explorer 39Cosmos 0261Cosmos 0262+A|KB|$ 1969E B|B|+ &4㹧ԉ(088)Intercosmos 01+KB|B|$ 1970EB|8GV(017)Dial-WikaCosmos 0348Intercosmos 04(109)Pole+B|gC|$ 1971s6&J|J|+ &&쉂(006)Bremsat+QJ|J|$ 1996;J|J|+ &  bU(037)TOMSMJ|BK|1FEBK|K|`|Observation of magnetosphere]%J|K|8 @LH̀" Observation of magnetosphere+BK|K|$ 1959BK| L|+ &.`(004)Explorer 06+K|7L|$ 1961B L|yL|+ &.d`(020)Explorer 12+7L|L|$ 1962ByL|L|+ &.f`(050)Explorer 14+L|M|$ 1963BL|SM|+ &.j`(046)Explorer 18+M|~M|$ 1964SM|`N|] }V`(006)Elektron 1(006)Elektron 2(038)Elektron 3(038)Elektron 4Cosmos 0041(054)OGO 1(060)Explorer 21+~M|N|$ 1965Z&`N|N|4 8L`}V(042)Explorer 28(081)OGO 2+N|O|$ 1966<N|LO|+ &"}V(049)OGO 3+O|wO|$ 1967<LO|O|+ &"}V(073)OGO 4+wO|O|$ 1968U!O|?|4 8BO|?|J|}VWI(014)OGO 5(109)Heos 1+O|j|$ 1969Z&?|Ā|4 8L}V`(051)OGO 6(053)Explorer 41+j||$ 1971`,Ā|O|4 8X``(019)Explorer 43(096)Explorer 45+|z|$ 1972OO||F \WI|s}s`(005)Heos 2(029)Prognoz 01(046)Prognoz 02(073)Explorer 47+z|:|$ 1973_+||4 8V~s`(009)Prognoz 03(078)Explorer 50+:|Ă|$ 1974B||+ &.`(040)Explorer 52+Ă|1|$ 1975W(||/ .PsIntercosmos 14(122)Prognoz 04+1||$ 1976A||+ &,s(112)Prognoz 05+||$ 1977Y|„|J d㯃\sUTVTCosmos 0900(029)ESA-Geos 1(093)Prognoz 06(102)ISEE 1(102)ISEE 2+||$ 1978b„||O n㰃\ ֋q2=ԉs(071)ESA-Geos 2(079)ISEE 3(087)Exos B(099)Intercosmos 18(101)Prognoz 07+|Ʌ|$ 1980A| |+ &,s(103)Prognoz 08+Ʌ|5|$ 1981O ||= J4y`(070)Dynamics Explorer 1(070)Dynamics Explorer 2(094)Aurole 3+5||$ 1984x;|d|= JvZ=n(088)AMPTE CCE(088)AMPTE IRM(088)AMPTE UKS+||$ 1986=d|̇|+ &$1ĉ(019)Viking+||$ 1989g/̇|^|8 @^q2M$(016)Exos DAktivny(080)Magion 2+||$ 1991?^|Ȉ|+ &(N$(086)Magion 3+||$ 1992o2Ȉ|b|= Jd~稉؉1T(038)Sampex(044)Geotail(064)Freja+||$ 1994{>b||= J|&v&^|KU(010)Dong Fang Hong 38(014)Coronas 1(046)Apex+|3|$ 1995w:||= Jt ~sO$(002)Astrid 1(039)Prognoz 11(039)Magion 4+3|Պ|$ 1996E|`|F \QV"QUsP$(013)Polar(049)Fast(050)Prognoz 12(050)Magion 5JՊ||1WS||*|Observation of meteoritesZ"`||8 @FH̀" Observation of meteorites+|/|$ 1961B|q|+ &.e`(022)Explorer 13+/||$ 1962Bq|ތ|+ &.h`(070)Explorer 16+| |$ 1964Bތ|K|+ &.`(074)Explorer 23+ |v|$ 1965x;K||= JvOPQ(009)Pegasus 1(039)Pegasus 2(060)Pegasus 3+v||$ 1972B|[|+ &.`(061)Explorer 46+||$ 1984;[||+ & }XU(034)LDEF+||$ 1994>|*|+ &&쉂(006)BremsatG|q|1M Eq|ȏ||Observation of the SunW*|ȏ|8 @@H̀" Observation of the Sun+q| |$ 1957ȏ| |*|Aȏ|M|+ &,~(002)Sputnik 02+ |x|$ 1959AM||+ &,k(007)Vanguard 3+x||$ 1962<| |+ &"V(006)OSO 1+|K|$ 1965M ||/ .<V(007)OSO 2Solrad 08+K||$ 1967f.|)|8 @\VV(020)OSO 3Cosmos 166(100)OSO 4+|T|$ 1968c0)||3 6`㴎Y(17)Solrad 09Cosmos 215Cosmos 230+T||$ 1969T |6|4 8@VV(006)OSO 5(068)OSO 6+|a|$ 197066||&  Cosmos 381+a||$ 1971t7|6|= Jn<2YV(030)Tournesol(058)Solrad 10(083)OSO 7+|a|$ 197266||&  Cosmos 484+a||$ 1975k.|-|= J\zWVRKU(014)Taiyo(057)OSO 8(092)Aura+|X|$ 1976:-||& (Intercosmos 16+X||$ 1978=||+ &$ ֋(079)ISEE 3+|%|$ 1980:|_|+ &(014)SMM+%||$ 1981>_||+ &&(017)Astro A+||$ 1983A|4|+ &,s(067)Prognoz 09+|_|$ 1991>4||+ &&©Hى(062)Solar A+_||$ 1992=||+ &$~稉(038)Sampex+|0|$ 1993D|t|+ &2XD(023)Spartan 201-1+0||$ 1994y<t||= Jx^YDa͉(014)Coronas 1(059)Spartan 201-2(071)Wind 1+|C|$ 1995S%||. ,JZD(048)Spartan 201-3(065)Soho+C||$ 1998<||+ &"PW(020)TraceX'|U|1 SU||}Meteorological geostationary satellitesh0||8 @bH̀" Meteorological geostationary satellites+U||$ 1966<|$|+ &"S(110)ATS 1+|O|$ 1967<$||+ &"S(111)ATS 3+O||$ 1974<||+ &".UW(033)SMS 1+||$ 1975V"|s|4 8D/UW.(011)SMS 2(100)Goes 01+||$ 1977s6s||= Jl.Tϵa(048)Goes 02(065)GMS 1(108)Meteosat 1+|<|$ 1978>|z|+ &&.(062)Goes 03+<||$ 1980>z||+ &&.(074)Goes 04+||$ 1981s6||= Jl.еaT(049)Goes 05(057)Meteosat 2(076)GMS 2+||$ 1982Y%||4 8JsG@c.(031)Insat 1A(041)Goes 06+|0|$ 1983?|o|+ &(tG@c(089)Insat 1B+0||$ 1984<o||+ &"T(080)GMS 3+| }$ 1987| }|>|K}+ &&.(022)Goes 07+ }v}$ 1988o7K}}8 @nѵauG@cCosmos 1940(051)Meteosat 3(063)Insat 1C+v}}$ 1989Y%}i}4 8JҵaT(020)Meteosat 4(070)GMS 4+}}$ 1990?i}}+ &(vG@c(051)Insat 1D+}}$ 1991A}?}+ &,ӵa(015)Meteosat 5+}j}$ 1992??}}+ &(G@c(041)Insat 2A+j}}$ 1993\(}0}4 8PG@cԵa(048)Insat 2B(073)Meteosat 6+}[}$ 1994Z&0}}4 8L.Q(022)Goes 08(069)Electro 1+[}}$ 1995V"}6}4 8DT.(011)GMS 5(025)Goes 09+}a}$ 1997t76}}= Jn㝖.#'v&յa(019)Goes 10(029)DFH 45(049)Meteosat 7<a}}' *O External resourcesr}}. ,http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/satguide.htmlhttp://climate.gsfc.nasa.gov/~chesters/text/geonews.htmlN}}1}]}O}Meteorological LEO satellites^&}]}8 @NH̀" Meteorological LEO satellites+}}$ 1959B]}}+ &.`(009)Explorer 07+}}$ 1960Z&}O}4 8L:ܗ+;ܗ+(002)Tiros 01(016)Tiros 02+}z}$ 1961?O}}+ &(<ܗ+(017)Tiros 03+z}}$ 1962u8}Y}= Jp=ܗ+>ܗ+?ܗ+(002)Tiros 04(025)Tiros 05(047)Tiros 06+}}$ 1963Z&Y}}4 8L@ܗ+Aܗ+(024)Tiros 07(054)Tiros 08+} }$ 1964?}H }+ &(Q;C(052)Nimbus 1+ }s }$ 1965k3H } }8 @fBܗ+ڗ+(004)Tiros 09(051)Tiros 10DMSP B2-1+s } }$ 1966s } }W ~11R;C?ف1(008)Essa 1(016)Essa 2DMSP B2-2(040)Nimbus 2DMSP B4-1(057)Cosmos 0122(087)Essa 3+ } }$ 1967n } }R t1ف11(006)Essa 4DMSP B4-2(018)Cosmos 0144(036)Essa 5DMSP B4-3DMSP B4-4(114)Essa 6+ } }$ 1968x< }a }< Hx11DMSP B4-5(069)Essa 7DMSP B4-6(114)Essa 8+ } }$ 1969[a }1 }J d1>kS;C>k(016)Essa 9(029)Meteor 1-01(037)Nimbus 3DMSP B4-7(084)Meteor 1-02+ }\ }$ 19701 }?}V zBOUUT;C܁ {(008)ItosDMSP B5A-01Meteor 1-03(025)Nimbus 4Meteor 1-04Meteor 1-05DMSP B5A-02Meteor 1-06(106)NOAA 01+\ }j}$ 1971\?}}: DMeteor 1-07DMSP B5A-03Meteor 1-08Meteor 1-09DMSP B5A-04Meteor 1-10+j}+}$ 1972p} @}H `݁ {U;CDMSP B5B-05Meteor 1-11Meteor 1-12(082)NOAA 02Meteor 1-13DMSP B5C-06(097)Nimbus 5+} @}}++}7@}$ 1973w@ @}@}7 >ށ {Meteor 1-14Meteor 1-15DMSP B5C-07(086)NOAA 03+7@}@}$ 1974|@}A}G ^߁ {Meteor 1-16DMSP B5C-08Meteor 1-17Meteor 1-18DMSP B5C-09Meteor 1-19(089)NOAA 04Meteor 1-20+@}A}$ 1975_A}eB}? NV;CMeteor 1-21DMSP B5C-10(052)Nimbus 6Meteor 2-01Meteor 1-22Meteor 1-23+A}B}$ 1976feB}5C}? N {DMSP B5C-11Meteor 1-24Meteor 1-25(077)NOAA 05DMSP B5D1-1 (AMS 1)Meteor 1-26+B}`C}$ 1977U5C}C}6 <Meteor 2-02Meteor 1-27DMSP B5D1-2 (AMS 2)Meteor 1-28Meteor 2-03+`C}D}$ 1978t<C}D}8 @x?W;CDMSP B5D1-3 (AMS 3)(096)Tiros N(098)Nimbus 7+D}D}$ 1979WD}GE}; F {Meteor 1-29Meteor 2-04DMSP B5D1-4 (AMS 4)(057)NOAA 06Meteor 2-05+D}rE}$ 1980c0GE}E}3 6`(043)NOAA BMeteor 1-30Meteor 2-06+rE}F}$ 1981d1E}dF}3 6b {Meteor 2-07(059)NOAA 07Meteor 1-31+F}F}$ 1982e7dF}F}. ,nMeteor 2-08Meteor 2-09DMSP B5D2-1 (AMS 5)+F}G}$ 1983d1F}G}3 6b {(022)NOAA 08Meteor 2-10DMSP B5D2-2+G}G}$ 1984Q"G}G}/ .D {Meteor 2-11(123)NOAA 09+G}*H}$ 1985]/G}H}. ,^Meteor 2-12Meteor 3-01Meteor 2-13+*H}H}$ 1986Q"H}I}/ .Db {Meteor 2-14(073)NOAA 10+H}.I}$ 1987h5I}I}3 6j㧢щMeteor 2-15(053)DMSP B5D2-3Meteor 2-16+.I}I}$ 1988rI}sJ}@ P&v&Y {Meteor 2-17DMSP B5D2-4 (USA 29)Meteor 3-02(080)Dong Fang Hong 24(Feng Yun 1-1)(089)NOAA 11+I}J}$ 1989U&sJ}J}/ .L٫ kMeteor 2-18(086)Meteor 3-03+J}K}$ 1990aJ}K}7 >&v&Meteor 2-19(081)Dong Fang Hong 30(Feng Yun 1-2)Meteor 2-20DMSP B5D2-5 (USA 68)+K}K}$ 1991OK}lL}< HZ {۫ kMeteor 3-04(032)NOAA 12(056)Meteor 3-05DMSP B5D2-6 (USA 73)+K}L}$ 19937lL}L}& "Meteor 2-21+L}L}$ 1994z=L}sM}= Jzܫ k㫢щ\ {(003)Meteor 3-06(057)DMSP B5D2-7(089)NOAA 14+L}M}$ 1995BsM}M}+ &.㬢щ(015)DMSP B5D2-8+M} N}$ 1998>M}IN}+ &&] {(030)NOAA 15< N}N}' *O External resourcescIN}O}. ,http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/Guide/satguide.htmlhttp://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/china/china.htmJN}`O}1gP`O}O}}Remote sensing satellitesZ"O}O}8 @FH̀" Remote sensing satellites4 `O} }' O ChronologyO} }O}+O}7}$ 1972@ }w}+ &* ɉ(058)Landsat 1+7}}$ 1975fw}N}F \ ɉ#(v&$(v&%(v&(004)Landsat 2(070)Dong Fang Hong 03(110)Dong Fang Hong 04(119)Dong Fang Hong 05+}y}$ 1976l8N}}4 8p&(v&'(v&(087)Dong Fang Hong 06(117)Dong Fang Hong 07+y}}$ 19777}G}& "Meteor 1-28+}r}$ 1978aG}"}O n((v&ɉεS㖯W;C(011)Dong Fang Hong 08(026)Landsat 3(041)AEM 1(064)Seasat(098)Nimbus 7+r}M}$ 1979P"}ԃ}7 >e艂Meteor 1-29Cosmos 1076 (Ocean-E)(051)Bhaskara 1Intercosmos 20+M}}$ 1980T*ԃ}S}* $TCosmos 1151 (Ocean-E)Meteor 1-30+}~}$ 1981j7S}}3 6ne艂Intercosmos 21Meteor 1-31(115)Bhaskara 2+~}}$ 1982d0}w}4 8`ɉ&v&(072)Landsat 4(090)Dong Fang Hong 12+}}$ 1983yFw}}3 6&v&(086)Dong Fang Hong 13Cosmos 1484Cosmos 1500 (Ocean-OE)+}F}$ 1984J}Ȇ}8 @ɉ&v&(021)Landsat 5(098)Dong Fang Hong 16Cosmos 1602 (Ocean-OE)+F}}$ 1985[,Ȇ}N}/ .X&v&(096)Dong Fang Hong 17Cosmos 1689+}y}$ 1986IN}}> L㥇뉢&v&(019)Spot 1Cosmos 1766 (Ocean-O1)(076)Dong Fang Hong 19+y}+}$ 1987z}}P pV$뉢!w&v&&v&(018)Momo 1ACosmos 1869 (Ocean-O1)(064)Cosmos 1870(067)Dong Fang Hong 20(075)Dong Fang Hong 21++} }$ 1988Z}}G ^YT󓋉뉢&v&(021)IRS 1A(056)Ocean 1 (Ocean-O1)Cosmos 1939(067)Dong Fang Hong 23+ }}$ 1989f}}O ny9z9{9|9}9(038)Resurs F01(047)Resurs F02(055)Resurs F03(063)Resurs F04(073)Resurs F05+}̊}$ 1990}}q Y㦇W$󓋉뉢~9999&v&(005)Spot 2(013)Momo 1B(018)Ocean 2 (Ocean-O1)(047)Resurs F06(060)Resurs F07(073)Resurs F08(082)Resurs F09(089)Dong Fang Hong 33+̊}}$ 1991}2}u S7󓋉뉢7_QTѓF̉77YTAlmaz(035)Resurs F10(039)Ocean 3 (Ocean-O1)(044)Resurs F11(050)ERS 1(050)Uosat 5(052)Resurs F12(058)Resurs F13(061)IRS 1B+}]}$ 19922}[}b 9Z77ue7&v&&v&(007)JERS 1(024)Resurs F14(033)Resurs F15(052)Topex Poseidon(056)Resurs F16(051)Dong Fang Hong 35(064)Dong Fang Hong 36+]}}$ 1993x[}V}X IW777㧇&v&(009)SCD 1(033)Resurs F17(040)Resurs F18(053)Resurs F19(061)Spot 3(063)Dong Fang Hong 37+}}$ 1994`V}9}L h('v&󓋉뉢_TSsɉ(037)Dong Fang Hong 40(066)Ocean 4 (Ocea}9}O}n-O1)(068)IRS P2(074)Resurs O1-3+}d}$ 1995W9} }O n`QT>w|*8gTYT(021)ERS 2(046)Sich 1(050)Resurs F20(059)Radarsat(072)IRS 1C+d}5}$ 1996L }}F \_T bUis!'v&(017)IRS P3(037)TOMS(046)Adeos 1(059)Dong Fang Hong 43+5}}$ 1997j}}X JeUYT!8ŘbU^`B(037)Orbview 2(044)Lewis(057)IRS 1D(072)Resurs F21(074)TRMM(085)Early Bird+}}$ 1998=}}+ &$㨇(017)Spot 4:}V}' & SAR performances*}}a#T  8 SatelliteLaunch dateResolutions V}T}j# }}s#2(㹌ל (*.United StatesT}i}p#2"㖯&Seasat197825 ms }}j# i}^}s#( CIS$}}p#H"!w"$0Cosmos 1870198715 to 30 m!^}}p#B*Almaz 1A199110 to 15 ms }}j# }{}s#$(4"  Europe}}p#0"_QT$ERS 1199126 m{}}v#4(`QT(ERS 2199526 m}"}v#2(7&Envisat?30 ms }}j# "}}v#$(b  Japan}}p#8"Z&JERS 1199225-30 ms }}j# }}v#&(xW "Canada}7}v#8(gT .Radarsat19959 m&}]}# <7}}' *O External resourcesS]}}. ,http://midas.ac.uk/rs/http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/satsens/satsense.htmlR!}l}1al}}Telecommunications LEO satellitesa)}}8 @TH̀" LEO Telecommunication satellites+l}}$ 1958<}4}+ &"'[IW(006)Score+}_}$ 1960Z&4}}4 8LLV.D(009)Echo 1(013)Courier 1B+_} ~$ 1961} ~}?}K~+ &(쉂(???)Oscar 01+ ~v~$ 1962u8K~~= Jp쉂zz(022)Oscar 02(029)Telstar 1(068)Relay 1+v~~$ 1963@~V~+ &*zz(013)Telstar 2+~~$ 1964W#V~~4 8FMV.(003)Relay 2(004)Echo 2+~~$ 1965L~~A R쉂VIW쉂(016)Oscar 03(030)Molniya 1-01Molniya 1-02(108)Oscar 04+~~$ 1966~~K dCosmos 103Molniya 1-03IDSCP 1-1IDSCP 1-2IDSCP 1-3IDSCP 1-4IDSCP 1-5IDSCP 1-6IDSCP 1-7Molniya 1-04+~~$ 1967?~~c IDSCP 2-1IDSCP 2-2IDSCP 2-3IDSCP 2-4IDSCP 2-5IDSCP 2-6IDSCP 2-7IDSCP 2-8Cosmos 151Molniya 1-05IDSCP 3-1IDSCP 3-2IDSCP 3-3IDSCP 3-4Molniya 1-06Molniya 1-07+~&~$ 1968~!~S tQMolniya 1-08IDSCP 4-1IDSCP 4-2IDSCP 4-3IDSCP 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Strela-1)Cosmos 304 (exp. Strela-1)+L~~$ 1970"|~9 ~ 쉂<<<<<<<<<<<(008)Oscar 05Molniya 1-13Cosmos 332 (exp. Strela-1)Cosmos 336 (Strela-2)Cosmos 337 (Strela-2)Cosmos 338 (Strela-2)Cosmos 339 (Strela-2)Cosmos 340 (Strela-2)Cosmos 341 (Strela-2)Cosmos 342 (Strela-2)Cosmos 343 (Strela-2)Molniya 1-14Molniya 1-15Cosmos 371 (exp. Strela-1)(086)Cosmos 372 (Strela-1)L"~ ~* $DMolniya 1-16Molniya 1-17+9 ~ ~$ 1971&t ~ ~ 2<<<<<<<< LexCk :}b,xՅRa(034)Iridium 15(034)Iridium 17(034)Iridium 18(034)Iridium 20(034)Iridium 21(043)Iridium 22(043)Iridium 23(043)Iridium 24(043)Iridium 25(043)Iridium 26(051)Iridium 27(051)Iridium 28(051)Iridium 29(051)Iridium 30(051)Iridium 31(051)Iridium 32(052)Faisat 2VXi F4IWՅ@ՅAՅBՅCՅjՅhՅqՅEՅDՅiՅkՅlՅmՅnՅoՅ(054)Molniya 1-90(056)Iridium 19(056)Iridium 34(056)Iridium 35(056)Iridium 36(056)Iridium 37(069)Iridium 43(069)Iridium 41(069)Iridium 40(069)Iridium 39(069)Iridium 38(077)Iridium 42(077)Iridium 44(082)Iridium 45(082)Iridium 46(082)Iridium 47(082)Iridium 48=zt pՅs:?s:@s:rZыiZыjZы(082)Iridium 49(085)Orbcomm FM 5(085)Orbcomm FM 6(085)Orbcomm FM 7(085)Orbcomm FM 8(085)Orbcomm FM 9(085)Orbcomm FM 10(085)Orbcomm FM 11(085)Orbcomm FM 12+$ 1998O 4:s:;s:㬝QP㭝QP㮝QP㯝QPՅՅՅՅՅ5`1ՅՅՅՅ(007)Orbcomm FM 3(007)Orbcomm FM 4(008)Globalstar 1(008)Globalstar 2}(008)Globalstar 3(008)Globalstar 4(010)Iridium 50(010)Iridium 52(010)Iridium 53(010)Iridium 54(010)Iridium 56(012)Teledesic 1(018)Iridium 51(018)Iridium 61(019)Iridium 55(019)Iridium 57`  FՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅՅ㱝QP㳝QP{}{}ՅՅՅ(019)Iridium 58(019)Iridium 59(019)Iridium 60(021)Iridium 62(021)Iridium 63(021)Iridium 64(021)Iridium 65(021)Iridium 66(021)Iridium 67(021)Iridium 68(023)Globalstar 6(023)Globalstar 8(023)Globalstar 14(023)Globalstar 15(026)Iridium 69(026)Iridium 71(032)Iridium 70Y5 FՅՅՅՅ3x<3x<3x<3x<3x<3x<サYI [LY(032)Iridium 72(032)Iridium 73(032)Iridium 74(032)Iridium 75(036)Cosmos 2352 (Strela-3)(036)Cosmos 2353 (Strela-3)(036)Cosmos 2354 (Strela-3)(036)Cosmos 2355 (Strela-3)(036)Cosmos 2356 (Strela-3)(036)Cosmos 2357 (Strela-3)(040)Molniya 3-49(042)Tubsat N(042)Tubsat N1[ { ĀkZыlZыmZыnZыoZыpZыqZыZыlՅՅ(046)Orbcomm FM 13(046)Orbcomm FM 14(046)Orbcomm FM 15(046)Orbcomm FM 16(046)Orbcomm FM 17(046)Orbcomm FM 18(046)Orbcomm FM 19(046)Orbcomm FM 20(048)Iridium 03(048)Iridium 76\+51BP WSTelecommunications geostationary satellitesk3W8 @hH̀" Geostationary telecommunication satellitesK") "D/ۉSee also the Clarke Belt list*W' O +$ 1964?6+ &(sH(047)Syncom 3+a$ 1965C6+ &0rĉ(028)Intelsat 101+a$ 1966< + &"S(110)ATS 1+6 $ 1967S  F \ĉĉĉS(001)Intelsat 202(026)Intelsat 203(094)Intelsat 204(111)ATS 3+6  $ 1968[' U 4 8NĶUĉ(081)LES 6(116)Intelsat 302+  $ 1969PU  F \ĉĉS ȉ(011)Intelsat 303(045)Intelsat 304(069)ATS 5(101)Skynet 1A+ A $ 1970T  F \ĉa }ĉĉ(003)Intelsat 306(021)Nato 1(032)Intelsat 307(055)Intelsat 308+A  $ 1971d  O nĉb }y,dMz,dMĉ(006)Intelsat 402(009)Nato 2(095)DSCS 2-01(095)DSCS 2-02(116)Intelsat 403+  $ 1972|? ` = J~ ĉ!ĉ?QQ(003)Intelsat 404(041)Intelsat 405(090)Anik A1+  $ 1973O`  F \@QQ#ĉ{,dM|,dM(023)Anik A2(058)Intelsat 407(100)DSCS 2-03(100)DSCS 2-04+ K$ 1974 Rk 9/S㘜7/$ĉ6 ȉ?a׉(014)Cosmos 0637(022)Westar 1(039)ATS 6(060)Molniya 1S(075)Westar 2(093)Intelsat 408(094)Skynet 2B(101)Symphonie 1+K}$ 1975zR[@X AQQĉ@a׉ >0*5oމ(038)Anik A3(042)Intelsat 401(0}[@77)Symphonie 2(091)Intelsat 4A01(117)Satcom 1(123)Raduga 01+}@$ 1976[@%B S ݏ7ƶUǶU?0*CdXLXݏ7:9YLX5oމݏ7eɉ(004)CTS(010)Intelsat 4A02(017)Marisat 1(023)LES 8(023)LES 9(029)Satcom 2(035)Nato 3A(042)Comstar 1(053)Marisat 2(066)Palapa A1(073)Comstar 2(092)Raduga 02(101)Marisat 3(107)Ekran 01+@PB$ 1977%BSCk 1ㆾT:9,dM,dM 5oމeɉ*߉(014)ETS 2(018)Palapa A2(034)DSCS 2-07(034)DSCS 2-08(041)Intelsat 4A04(071)Raduga 03(092)Ekran 02(118)Sakura 1+PB~C$ 1978xSCD  >>ቂ ·ቂpiVZLX5oމCd*dM*dMjQQ$o(002)Intelsat 4A03(016)Fleetsatcom 1(035)Intelsat 4A06(039)Yuri 1(044)OTS 2(068)Comstar 3(073)Raduga 04(106)Nato 3C(113)DSCS 2-11(113)DSCS 2-12(116)Anik B1(118)Gorizont 01+~C!E$ 1979&DGFt eeɉ5oމ?>ቂ%o/eɉ*dM*dM%o(015)Ekran 03(035)Raduga 05(038)Fleetsatcom 2(062)Gorizont 02(072)Westar 3(087)Ekran 04(098)DSCS 2-13(098)DSCS 2-14(105)Gorizont 03+!ErF$ 1980(GFGt i@>ቂ5oމ%oeɉ5oމA>ቂ=HWWĉeɉ(004)Fleetsatcom 3(016)Raduga 06(049)Gorizont 04(060)Ekran 05(081)Raduga 07(087)Fleetsatcom 4(091)SBS 1(098)Intelsat 502(104)Ekran 06+rFG$ 1981uG:I [LX5oމVĉc&Seɉ5oމB>ቂ=HW=4oމ-Xĉڰ_(018)Comstar 4(027)Raduga 08(050)Intelsat 501(057)Apple(061)Ekran 07(069)Raduga 09(073)Fleetsatcom 5(096)SBS 2(102)Raduga 10(114)Satcom 3R(119)Intelsat 503(122)Marecs A+GeI$ 1982U:IK XA0*eɉ/Yĉ%osG@c6v/QQeɉZĉ%o]*dM ceM=HWQQ44oމ(004)Satcom 4(009)Ekran 08(014)Westar 4(017)Intelsat 504(020)Gorizont 05(031)Insat 1A(044)Cosmos 1366(058)Westar 5(082)Anik D1(093)Ekran 09(097)Intelsat 505(103)Gorizont 06(105)Aurora 1(106)DSCS 2-15(106)DSCS 3-01(110)SBS 3(110)Anik C3(113)Raduga 11+eIK$ 1983FKM FJ.xdɉOM54oމ-[ĉنQQ2:97up%oƵK.64oމtG@c-8up(006)Sakura 2A(016)Ekran 10(026)TDRS 1(028)Raduga 12(030)Satcom 1R(047)Intelsat 506(058)Eutelsat 1F1(059)Anik C2(059)Palapa B1(065)Galaxy 1(066)Gorizont 07(077)Telstar 301(081)Sakura 2B(088)Raduga 13(089)Insat 1B(094)Satcom 2R(098)Galaxy 2|?K(N= J~odɉ\ĉ%o(100)Ekran 11(105)Intelsat 507(118)Gorizont 08+MSN$ 1984S(Nn F㉂74oމV w]ĉpdɉ&v&%oZIz84oމ#oچ eqdɉ=HW"AgƵ9up(005)Yuri 2A(016)Raduga 14(022)Cosmos 1540(023)Intelsat 508(028)Ekran 12(035)Dong Fang Hong 15(041)Gorizont 09(049)Spacenet 1(063)Raduga 15(078)Gorizont 10(081)Eutelsat 1F2(081)TelecSNnom 1A(090)Ekran 13(093)SBS 4(093)Leasat 2(093)Telstar 302(101)Galaxy 3]SNO nQQ!Ag[Iz˴UCd(113)Anik D2(113)Leasat 1(114)Spacenet 2(114)Marecs B2(115)Nato 3D+nE$ 1985IJ F|#o4鉂b􉂃rdɉĉQQ#Ag:TeF5鉂Ƶĉ94oމ_iS$Ag(007)Gorizont 11(015)Arabsat 1A(015)Brasilsat A1(024)Ekran 14(025)Intelsat 510(028)Anik C1(028)Leasat 3(035)Gstar 1(035)Telecom 1B(048)Morelos 1(048)Arabsat 1B(048)Telstar 303(055)Intelsat 511(070)Raduga 16(076)Optus A1(076)ASC 1(076)Leasat 4 ESk =ĉ ceMceMw:4oމF_-(087)Intelsat 512(092)DSCS 3-02(092)DSCS 3-03(102)Cosmos 1700(107)Raduga 17(109)Morelos 2(109)Optus A2(109)Satcom K2+J~$ 1986S -;4oމ&v&㉂;Tb􉂃wsdɉ}#o<4oމ~#oD>ቂ(003)Satcom K1(007)Raduga 18(010)Dong Fang Hong 18(016)Yuri 2B(026)Gstar 2(026)Brasilsat A2(027)Cosmos 1738(038)Ekran 15(044)Gorizont 12(082)Raduga 19(090)Gorizont 13(096)Fleetsatcom 7+~.$ 1987\ ڀh4oމ有#o㉾Ttdɉ_܆!w!w_4oމudɉ(028)Raduga 20(029)Palapa B2P(040)Gorizont 14(070)ETS 5(073)Ekran 16(078)Optus A3(078)Eutelsat 1F4(084)Cosmos 1888(096)Cosmos 1897(100)Raduga 21(109)Ekran 17+.$ 1988RÉ Fu.&v&de#ovdɉĉ@huG@c݆(w#oTƭ\#ovtމmԐS*dMceME>ቂ#o ĉ(004)Gorizont 17(006)Intelsat 515(020)Jcsat 1(021)TDRS 4(027)TELE X(030)Raduga 23(041)Superbird A1(041)DFS 1(048)Raduga 1-1(052)Gorizont 18(053)Olympus(062)Tvsat 2(067)BSB 1(069)DSCS 2-16(069)DSCS 3-04(077)Fleetsatcom 8(081)Gorizont 19(087)Intelsat 602^*4 8Tb4oމ+fx(098)Raduga 24(101)Cosmos 2054+F$ 1990FH F ȉㇺ2%Ag&v&c4oމ ĉk有vG@c#o ĉfxw~W˗>TS㉂ ȉ(001)Skynet 4A(001)Jcsat 2(002)Leasat 5(011)Dong Fang Hong 26(016)Raduga 25(021)Intelsat 603(030)Asiasat 1(034)Palapa B2R(051)Insat 1D(054)Gorizont 20(056)Intelsat 604(061)Cosmos 2085(063)TDF 2(063)DFS 2(074)BSB 2(077)Yuri 3A(079)Skynet 4CAF} Ȁ=HWT=updɉ#oO(066)DFS 3(072)Galaxy 7(074)Ekran 20(082)Gorizont 27(084)Superbird A2+ŀrƀ$ 1993JGƀȀ XOMg4oމ|W(~:upceMc͉G@c|W KU4oމĉ#o#oceMCd͵~9T(003)TDRS 6(029)Raduga 29(015)UHF 1(031)Astra 1C(039)Galaxy 4(046)DSCS 3-07(048)Hispasat 1B(048)Insat 2B(056)UHF 2(058)ACTS(062)Raduga 30(066)Intelsat 701(069)Gorizont 28(072)Gorizont 29(074)DSCS 3-08(076)Nato 4B(077)Telstar 401(078)DBS 1@rƀȀ+ &*Fˉ(078)Thaicom 1+ȀȀ$ 1994HȀʀ FO?ƭ\4oމ_b㉂#oĉ|WAh ㉂b 9T"c􉂃mvm_ -xĉ(002)Gals 1(008)Raduga 1-3(009)Milstar 1-1(012)Raduga 31(013)Galaxy 1R(030)Gorizont 30(034)Intelsat 702(035)UHF 3(040)Panamsat 2(040)Yuri 3N(043)Apstar 1(047)DBS 2(049)Brasilsat B1(049)Turksat 1B(055)Optus B3(060)Cosmos 2291(064)Intelsat 703 Ȁˀk AL2GˉJ7(~R*'v&vEo4oމ(065)Solidaridad 2(065)Thaicom 2(067)Express 1(070)Astra 1D(079)Orion 1(080)Dong Fang Hong 41(082)Luch 0(087)Raduga 32+ʀ&̀$ 1995Sˀ>΀ Xĉ|Wĉ#c􉂃S ĉ|W〽9TOMceMChY ㈺2) 2x㑑)mEo(001)Intelsat 704(003)UHF 4(013)Intelsat 705(016)Brasilsat B2(016)Hotbird 1(019)AMSC 1(023)Intelsat 706(027)UHF 5(029)DBS 3(035)TDRS 7(038)DSCS 3-09(040)Panamsat 4(041)Koreasat 1(043)Jcsat 3(044)N Star A(045)Cosmos 2319(049)Telstar 402R(054)Luch 1&̀>πk +(~|WO?:eG@cb㉂VR^Z(055)Astra 1E(057)UHF 6(060)Milstar 1-2(063)Gals 2(067)Telecom 2C(067)Insat 2C(069)Galaxy 3R(073)Echostar 1+>΀iπ$ 1996L>π} F8MY #o]:9* ĉ)rG)~Lw^:93 ?upiπ}#oĉi"鉂_鉂(002)Panamsat 3R(002)Measat 1(003)Koreasat 2(005)Gorizont 31(006)Palapa C1(007)N Star B(015)Intelsat 707(020)Inmarsat 3F1(021)Astra 1F(022)MSAT 1(030)Palapa C2(030)Amos 1(033)Galaxy 9(034)Gorizont 32(035)Intelsat 709(039)Apstar 1A(040)Arabsat 2Auiπ nvm|WoG;e*rGrRUWR^ZJ7`鉂+rG(040)Turksat 1C(042)UHF 7(044)Italsat 2(044)Telecom 2D(053)Inmarsat 3F2(054)GE 1(055)Echostar 2(058)Express 2(063)Arabsat 2B(063)Measat 2(067)Hotbird 2(070)Inmarsat 3F3+}$ 1997M/ XrRUS_E㉺2ĉqHˉR􉂃"'v&gOzz,rGG@cĉ_Sk7EhnrRU(002)GE 2(002)Nahuel 1A(007)Jcsat 4(009)Intelsat 801(011)Tempo 2(016)Thaicom 3(016)Bsat 1A(021)DFH 44(025)Thor 2(026)Telstar 5(027)Inmarsat 3F4(027)Insat 2D(031)Intelsat 802(036)Superbird C(040)Panamsat 6(041)Mabuhay 1(049)Hotbird 3(050)GE 3^ ڀĉXR^Z"鉂aeMɮ6L M@㊺2)~c㉂ĉ(053)Intelsat 803(059)Echostar 3(062)Apstar 2R(065)DSCS 3-10(070)Coupon 1(071)Sirius 2(071)Cakrawarta 1(075)Jcsat 5(076)Astra 1G(078)Galaxy 8i(083)Intelsat 804+/$ 1998S  ȉ$c􉂃-rGĉ|WW􉂃S􉂃YR^Zj)ቂhOĉԥ_(002)Skynet 4D(006)Brasilsat B3(006)Inmarsat 3F5(013)Hotbird 4(014)Intelsat 806(016)UHF 8(024)Nilesat 101(024)Bsat 1B(028)Echostar 4(033)Chinastar 1(035)Thor 3(037)Intelsat 805(038)Sinosat 1F17 ρNavigation satellitesVS8 @>H̀" Navigation satellites+ $ 1960S$m / .Hd؉Transit 1B(007)Transit 2A+  $ 1961yAm  8 @㺶؉㻶؉Transit 3B (loft 1)(015)Transit 4A(031)Transit 4B+ < $ 19626 r &  Transit 5A+<  $ 1963yAr  8 @ABTransit 7 (5A3)(038)Transit 5BN1(049)Transit 5BN2+ A $ 1964d6  . ,lTransit 9 (5C 1)Transit 5B 4Transit 5B 5+A  $ 1965Z X . ,NNSS 30 030 (Transit 5B 6)NNSS 30 040 (Transit 5B 7)NNSS 30 050 (Transit 10)+  $ 1966rX ' 2 4NNSS 30 060 (Transit 11)NNSS 30 070 (Transit 12)NNSS 30 080 (Transit 13)NNSS 30 090 (Transit 14)+ R $ 1967r'  6 <NNSS 30 120 (Transit 15)NNSS 30 130 (Transit 16)Timation 1NNSS 30 140 (Transit 17)Cosmos 192+R %$ 1968V, {* $XNNSS 30 180 (Transit 18)Cosmos 220+%$ 1969g9{ . ,rCosmos 292Timation 2 (+ 6 ss sat)Cosmos 304+8$ 1970I 6 <Cosmos 332NNSS 30 190Cosmos 371Cosmos 381Cosmos 385+8 @$ 1971 @SHT@* $<Cosmos 422Cosmos 465+ @@$ 1972i7T@@2 4nCosmos 475Cosmos 489Cosmos 514Triad 1+@A$ 1973m;@A2 4vCosmos 574Cosmos 586NNSS 30 200Cosmos 627+AA$ 1974hASB@ P㼨ԟCosmos 628Cosmos 660Cosmos 663Timation 3 (NTS 1)Cosmos 689Cosmos 700 (Parus)+A~B$ 1975kSB1CH `㼨ԟ㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 726 (Parus)Cosmos 729Cosmos 755 (Parus)Triad 2 (TIP 2)Cosmos 778 (Parus)+~B\C$ 1976 1C|Dc {㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟCosmos 789 (Parus)Cosmos 800Cosmos 807Cosmos 823Cosmos 842Cosmos 846Triad 3 (TIP 3)Cosmos 864 (Parus)Cosmos 883 (Tsikada)Cosmos 887 (Parus)+\CD$ 1977|DEe k㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 890Cosmos 894 (Parus)Cosmos 911Cosmos 926 (Tsikada)Cosmos 928 (Parus)Cosmos 951 (Parus)NNSS 30 110Cosmos 962Cosmos 971 (Parus)+DE$ 1978ErG 㼨ԟcZ㼨ԟ㼨ԟu0w 剂cZ㼨ԟcZcZCosmos 985 (Parus)(020)GPS BI-01Cosmos 991 (Parus)Cosmos 994Cosmos 996 (Parus)(034)Cosmos 1000 (Tsikada)(047)GPS BI-02Cosmos 1011 (Parus)Cosmos 1027(093)GPS BI-03(112)GPS BI-04Cosmos 1064+EG$ 1979rGH_ 5㼨ԟ㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 1072 (Parus)Cosmos 1089 (Parus)Cosmos 1091 (Parus)Cosmos 1092 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1104 (Parus)Cosmos 1141 (Parus)+GH$ 19803HIq 㼨ԟ㼨ԟcZ 剂cZ㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂Cosmos 1150 (Parus)Cosmos 1153 (Parus)(011)GPS BI-05Cosmos 1168 (Tsikada)(032)GPS BI-06Cosmos 1181 (Parus)Cosmos 1225 (Parus)Cosmos 1226 (Tsikada)+HJ$ 1981IK^ #㼨ԟw㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟCosmos 1244 (Parus)(044)Nova 1Cosmos 1275 (Parus)Cosmos 1295 (Parus)Cosmos 1304 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1308 (Parus)+J9K$ 1982 KL ̀㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 1333 (Parus)Cosmos 1339 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1344 (Parus)Cosmos 1349 (Parus)Cosmos 1380Cosmos 1383 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1386 (Parus)Cosmos 1413 (dummy)Cosmos 1414 (Glonass)Cosmos 1415 (dummy)Cosmos 1417 (Parus)+9KL$ 1983bLN 㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟ㼨ԟcZ 剂㼨ԟCosmos 1428 (Parus)Cosmos 1447 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1448 (Parus)Cosmos 1459 (Parus)Cosmos 1464 (Parus)(072)GPS BI-08Cosmos 1490 (Glonass)Cosmos 1491 (Glonass)Cosmos 1492 (dummy)Cosmos 1506 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1513 (Parus)Cosmos 1519 (Glonass)Cosmos 1520 (Glonass)Cosmos 1521 (dummy)+LO$ 1984kN; 㼨ԟ㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂cZ 剂acZ㼨ԟCosmos 1531 (Parus)Cosmos 1535 (Parus)CosmosO;S 1550 (Parus)Cosmos 1553 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1554 (Glonass)Cosmos 1555 (Glonass)Cosmos 1556 (dummy)(059)GPS BI-09Cosmos 1574 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1577Cosmos 1593 (Glonass)Cosmos 1594 (dummy)Cosmos 1595 (Glonass)(097)GPS BI-10Cosmos 1598 (Parus)DO? N㼨ԟw㼨ԟCosmos 1605 (Parus)(110)Nova 2Cosmos 1610 (Parus)+;遁$ 1985h烁 㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂XcZ㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 1627 (Parus)Cosmos 1634 (Parus)Cosmos 1650 (Glonass)Cosmos 1651 (Glonass)Cosmos 1652 (dummy)Cosmos 1655 (Tsikada)(095)GPS BI-11SOOS ? Transit 19 (SOOS 240 - 300)SOOS ?Transit 20Cosmos 1704 (Parus)Cosmos 1709 (Parus)Cosmos 1710 (Glonass)Cosmos 1711 (Glonass)Cosmos 1712 (dummy)+遁$ 1986烁 9㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟ 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 1725 (Parus)Cosmos 1727 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1745 (Parus)Cosmos 1759 (Parus)Cosmos 1778 (Glonass)Cosmos 1779 (Glonass)Cosmos 1780 (Glonass)Cosmos 1791 (Tsikada)Polar Bear (17070)Cosmos 1802 (Parus)Cosmos 1808 (Parus)+䅁$ 1987r  剂㼨ԟN!w 剂㼨ԟ㼨ԟ㼨ԟCosmos 1816 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1821 (Parus)Cosmos 1838 (Glonass)Cosmos 1839 (Glonass)Cosmos 1840 (Glonass)(054)Cosmos 1861 (Tsikada)Cosmos 1864 (Parus)Cosmos 1883 (Glonass)Cosmos 1884 (Glonass)Cosmos 1885 (Glonass)SOOS 270 (Oscar 27)SOOS 290 (Oscar 29)Cosmos 1891 (Parus)Cosmos 1904 (Parus)+䅁)$ 1988o=  (w㼨ԟwd(w㼨ԟ(wCosmos 1917 (Glonass)Cosmos 1918 (Glonass)Cosmos 1919 (Glonass)(023)Cosmos 1934 (Parus)SOOS 230 (Oscar 23)SOOS 320 (Oscar 32)Cosmos 1946 (Glonass)Cosmos 1947 (Glonass)Cosmos 1948 (Glonass)(052)Nova 3(062)Cosmos 1959 (Parus)SOOS 250 (Oscar 25)SOOS 310 (Oscar 31)(085)Cosmos 1970 (Glonass)D)@ P(w(w(085)Cosmos 1971 (Glonass)(085)Cosmos 1972 (Glonass)+=슁$ 1989V L(w(w(w.gx㼨ԟex㼨ԟexexexexex㼨ԟ.(001)Cosmos 1987 (Glonass)(001)Cosmos 1988 (Glonass)(001)Cosmos 1989(013)GPS BII-01(017)Cosmos 2004 (Parus)(028)Cosmos 2016 (Parus)(031)Cosmos 2018(039)Cosmos 2022 (Glonass)(039)Cosmos 2023 (Glonass)(039)Cosmos 2024 (Glonass)(042)Cosmos 2026 (Parus)(044)GPS BII-02q슁ǍU zR򲟉ex㼨ԟ...(050)Nadezhda 1(059)Cosmos 2034 (Parus)(064)GPS BII-03(085)GPS BII-04(097)GPS BII-05+$ 1990VǍ H.S򲟉Sfx㼨ԟ.fx㼨ԟfxfxfx.㼨ԟ.5F݉&x(008)GPS BII-06(017)Nadezhda 2(023)Cosmos 2061 (Parus)(025)GPS BII-07(036)Cosmos 2074 (Parus)(045)Cosmos 2079 (Glonass)(045)Cosmos 2080 (Glonass)(045)Cosmos 2081 (Glonass)(068)GPS BII-08Cosmos 2100 (Parus)(088)GPS BII-09(103)GPS BIIA-10(110)Cosmos 2109 (GlonasSs)D@ P$x{$x(110)Cosmos 2110 (Glonass)(110)Cosmos 2111 (Glonass)+$ 1991 ?$x 剂㼨ԟT򲟉$x%x$x$x㼨ԟ5F݉㼨ԟ%x㼨ԟ(007)Cosmos 2123 (Tsikada)Cosmos 2135 (Parus)(019)Nadezhda 3(025)Cosmos 2139 (Glonass)(025)Cosmos 2140 (Glonass)(025)Cosmos 2141 (Glonass)(029)Cosmos 2142 (Parus)(047)GPS BIIA-11Cosmos 2154 (Parus)(081)Cosmos 2173 (Parus)+$ 1992cā B%x%x%x㼨ԟ 剂5F݉5F݉㼨ԟ5F݉:-x;-x<-x(005)Cosmos 2177 (Glonass)(005)Cosmos 2178 (Glonass)(005)Cosmos 2179 (Glonass)Cosmos 2180 (Parus)Cosmos 2181 (Tsikada)(009)GPS BIIA-12(019)GPS BIIA-13Cosmos 2184 (Parus)Cosmos 2195(039)GPS BIIA-14(047)Cosmos 2204 (Glonass)(047)Cosmos 2205 (Glonass)(047)Cosmos 2206 (Glonass)`vŁL h5F݉+x㼨ԟ5F݉5F݉(058)GPS BIIA-15(073)Cosmos 2218 (Parus)(079)GPS BIIA-16(089)GPS BIIA-17+āŁ$ 1993#avŁǁ R,x 剂5F݉ ,x㼨ԟ ,x,x,x5F݉,x㼨ԟ 6F݉6F݉6F݉6F݉,x㼨ԟ(001)Cosmos 2230 (Tsikada)(007)GPS BIIA-18(008)Cosmos 2233 (Parus)(010)Cosmos 2234 (Glonass)(010)Cosmos 2235 (Glonass)(010)Cosmos 2236 (Glonass)(017)GPS BIIA-19(020)Cosmos 2239 (Parus)(032)GPS BIIA-20(042)GPS BIIA-21(054)GPS BIIA-22(068)GPS BIIA-23(070)Cosmos 2266 (Parus)+Łǁ$ 1994RǁɁ F6F݉,x,x,x,x㼨ԟU򲟉,x,x,x-x-x(016)GPS BIIA-24(021)Cosmos 2275 (Glonass)(021)Cosmos 2276 (Glonass)(021)Cosmos 2277 (Glonass)(024)Cosmos 2279 (Parus)(041)Nadezhda 4(050)Cosmos 2287 (Glonass)(050)Cosmos 2288 (Glonass)(050)Cosmos 2289 (Glonass)(076)Cosmos 2294 (Glonass)(076)Cosmos 2295 (Glonass)T#ǁQʁ1 2F-x(076)Cosmos 2296 (Glonass)+Ɂ|ʁ$ 1995.fQʁ́ ^v4xw4xx4x2x㼨ԟ2x 剂2x2x2x3x㼨ԟ3x3x(009)Cosmos 2307 (Glonass)(009)Cosmos 2308 (Glonass)(009)Cosmos 2309 (Glonass)(012)Cosmos 2310 (Parus)(032)Cosmos 2315 (Kurs)(037)Cosmos 2316 (Glonass)(037)Cosmos 2317 (Glonass)(037)Cosmos 2318 (Glonass)(052)Cosmos 2321 (Parus)(068)Cosmos 2323 (Glonass)(068)Cosmos 2324 (Glonass)T#|ʁ́1 2F3x(068)Cosmos 2325 (Glonass)+́)́$ 1996́΁[ 3x㼨ԟ6F݉6F݉E3x㼨ԟ6F݉(004)Cosmos 2327 (Parus)(019)GPS BIIA-25(041)GPS BIIA-26(051)Cosmos 2333 (Parus)(056)GPS BIIA-27+)́.΁$ 1997j΁΁R tE3x㼨ԟ3Z݉s3x㼨ԟ6F݉(017)Cosmos 2333 (Parus)(035)GPS BIIR-02(052)Cosmos 2346 (Parus)(067)GPS BIIA-28<.΁&ρ' *O External resourcesd=΁ρ' zhttp://doradus.einet.net/editors/john-beadles/sum_pre.htmO&ρρ1 ρ@CRadioactive payload and debris[&ρ@5 :NH̀ρ@ρ" Radioactive payload and debrisD ρ8 >_B_BRadioactive payloads have been a concern for the community ever since radioactive debris decayed on Earth and contaminated entire regions. The first such event was in Jan 1978 when Cosmos 0954 decayed. Since then radioactive debris are closely monitored.Those nuclear reactors which are to remain in orbit for a hundred years or so also caused problems to scientists. "Nuclear noise" as it is called cause gamma ray disturbances to astronomers. Indeed those reactors interfere periodically with gamma-ray surveys.&@# <' *O Russian satellitesV"<4 6E d퉂The Russian Rorsat program is the most important program with nuclear reactor equipped satellites (32 spacecrafts). This engine (named Topol or Topaz) contains 50 kg of uranium and provides about 2000 W.Two other Russian satellites are known to have a Topaz 1 reactor (also named Buk): Cosmos 1818 (87011A) and Cosmos 1867 (87060A), probably for test missions. This reactor provides around 5-6 kW power. It weighs 1350 kg.A third engine named Enissei or Topaz 2 was built but has never been launched. It provides 6 kW and weighs 1 ton.7s'  O US satellites<6< F㹌ל  The United States also used nuclear power on space missions. Two types of engines were used: - Nuclear reactors which produce energy by nuclear fission (space based reactors use Uranium-235).- RTGs (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator) which use the energy of radioactive decay (current SNAPs use Plutonium-238).The SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) series include:0sa#`  F RTG enginesNuclear reactorsUncertainC6zp#(㺶؀"vTransit 4AOPS 4682 also called SNAPSHOT (65027A)LES 5x^#4(㻶؀ &Transit 4BLES 67z ^#n(S;C"Nimbus 3OPS 0757 also called Tacsat (69013A)n ^# (ƶULES 8n c ^# (ǶULES 9 0 ' MOther missions required nuclear power such as the Apollo moon missions experiments, the Viking Mars Landers, Pioneer and Voyager missions and the Galileo probe: c  a#@n  . LAUNRSpacecraftOrbity0 * ^#6n*69-099APOLLO 12Moonl  R#t4n(71-008APOLLO 14Moonl*  R#t4n(71-063APOLLO 15Moon~,  R#tXn,72-012APIONEER 10escaped solar systeml  R#t4n(72-031APOLLO 16Moonl XR#t4n(72-096APOLLO 17Moon~, R#tXn,73-019APIONEER 11escaped solar systemr XHR#t@n475-075VIKING 1 LANDERMarsr R#t@n475-083VIKING 2 LANDERMars}+HC@R#tVnC@ρ*77-076AVOYAGER 2escaped solar system}+@R#tVn*77-084AVOYAGER 1escaped solar systemnC@.AR#t8n&89-084BGALILEOJupiterj@AR#t0n&90-090BULYSSESSunn.ABR#t8n,96-068APATHFINDERMarspAvBR#t<n&97-061ACASSINIto Saturn#BC< F Gi4 KPathfinder had RHUs (Radioisotope Heater Units) on the Sojourner rover.Finally 3 missions failed:Transit 5BN3 on 21 Apr 1964 aboard Thor AblestarNimbus 3AApollo 13 (70029A) on 11 Apr 1970 which decayed on 17 Apr 1970: vBC11 CDLAddressesFCD5 :$NJ" Addresses@CF Xn։apCNgF}(@O=H%쉂/품^MQg.h3Ήur7P/:ѤRgI=V倉J[eQH≂wbO.3sD"Air Force Space CommandAlascom Inc.Alcatel TelecomAMSCAntrixAPTArabsatArianespaceAsiasatCOTSChinasatColumbia Communications Corp.Comsat CorporationDTAGEarth Watch Inc.Echostar Satellite Corp.EmbratelEosatEumetsatEutelsatFAIFrance TelecomGE Americom bD(H  P?qOv FzOZӉ(I}MiډN ZXgYg⻧u}$AL'\gяOIxGE Capital Satellites-EuropeGlobalstar L.P.HCIHispasat S.A.ILSInformcosmosInmarsat LtdIntelsatIntersputnikIridium LLCISROJSATKaStar Satellite Communications Corp.Korea TelecomLEO OneLockheed Martin Global TelecommunicationsLockheed Martin IntersputnikLoral SkynetLoral Space & Communications Ltd"lFJJ :mh̶R@/yT@^gl^gQ^g{OZf"6]XdOxOZ$Ijg(㼉₭`g{`g UDuWMabuhayMeasatMobile Communications Holdings, Inc.Nahuelsat S.A.NASANOAANSABNTTOdyssey TelecommunicationsOptus CommunicationsOrbcommOrbital Science CorporationOrion Network Systems Inc.Panamsat CorporationParacomsatPASIPLDTPT Pasifik Satelit NusantaraPT SatelindoPT TelkomRadarSat International (RSI)(HL .?OOyɺ9 B扂kdgO'e`/%1[sIu Ɖz͏tcOfg\@gg'䉂SCCSESShinawatra Satellite Company LtdSingapore TelecomSinosatSpacecom Ltd.SSTLTDFTelecommTeledesicTelenorTelesat CanadaTelespazioTeracomThuraya Satellite Telecommunications CoTMI CommunicationsTsatTurk TelekomUSSBWorldspacec2JJ|L1<m |LUMAsia Broadcasting and Communications Network, Ltd.LUM+ $]Asia Broadcasting and Communications Network, Ltd.(ABCN)SM Tower, 979/66-70 Phaholyothin Road, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, ThailandTel: +662-298-0044Fax: +662-271-3076H|LM1M)MNAir Force Space CommandUMNI `y92SSAir Force Space Command50th Space Wing, 300 O'Malley Ave, Suite 24, Falcon AFB, CO 80912-3024, USAhttp://www.spacecom.af.mil/hqafspc/Programs: DMSP, Fleetsatcom, GPS, UHF8MN1mÈNOAlascomNO4 65[YAlascom Inc.210 Bluff Road, Box 6607, Anchorage, AK99502-7649, USATel: +1-907-264-7000Fax: +1-907-264-7704Program: Auroraa subsidiary of AT&T@N 1) Alcatel TelecomO OO9 @{㋗hPAlcatel Telecom10, Rue Latcore, BP 57, 78141 VELIZY CEDEX, FranceTel: +33-1-3077-8010Fax: +33-1-3077-8066http://www.alcatel.com/our_bus/telecom/content.htmProgram: SkybridgeV% X1`ÈXbAmerican Mobile Satellite Corporation bG \//S American Mobile Satellite Corporation(AMSC)10802 Parkridge Blvd., Reston, VA 22091, USATel: +1-703-758-6000Fax: +1-703-758-6111http://www.ammobile.com/NASDAQ:SKYCProgram: AMSCKX1TAntrix Corporation Limited~bT) "Antrix Corporation LimitedAntrix Complex, New BEL Road, Bangalore, 560 094, IndiaTel: +91-80-3415474Fax: +91-80-3418981f51ׄAsia Pacific Telecommunication Satellites Company LtdTׄ; DttXXAsia Pacific Telecommunication Satellites Company Ltd(APT)Room 3111-2, 31st floor, One Pacific Plaza, 88 Queens way, Hong KongTel: +852-2-526-2281Fax: +852-2-522-0419http://www.apstar.comNYSE:ATSProgram: Apstar81"Arabsatׄ@ NUu䉂ArabsatPO Box 1038, Riyadh 11431, Saudi ArabiaTel: +966-1-464-6666Fax: +966-1-465-6983Email: arabsat@arab.nethttp://www.arab.net/arabsat/Program: Arabsat< 515Arianespace8 >2!ArianespaceBoulevard de l'Europe, BP 177, 91006 EVRY cedex, FranceFax: +33-1-6087-6217http://www.arianespace.comProgram: Ariane^-5W1!WAsia Satellite Telecommunications Company Ltd= H %Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company Ltd(Asiasat)23-24/F, East Exchange Tower, 38-40 Leighton Road, Causeway Bay, Hong KongTel: +852-2-805-6666Fax: +852-2-504-3875http://www.asiasat.com.hkNYSE:SATProgram: AsiasatAsiasat is owned by Hong Kong's Hutchison Whampoa Ltd, Beijing's China International Trust and Investment Corp (CITIC) and Britain's Cable and Wireless Plc5WO1A{O[COTS [- (COTSChina Orient Telecommunications Satellite7/F Ande road, East City district, Beijing, 100011, ChinaTel: +86-10-642-423-73Fax: +86-10-642-423-66Limited liability company formed in April 1995. Main investor: MPT.9O1>Chinasatu[>5 8mSChinasatChina Telecommunications Broadcast Satellite42 Xue Yuan road, Hai Dian District, Beijin, 100083, ChinaTel: +86-10-623-035-52Fax: +86-10-623-035-50Program: DFHEstablished in 1983 as an affiliate of MPT. It later became a subsidiary of China Telecom. Prior to Chinasat 5, the DFH program was purely military; Chinasat 5 was the first civilian satellite.N1R{Columbia Communications Corp.>@ N݌RColumbia Communications Corp.7200 Wisconsin Ave., Suite 701, Bethesda, MD 20814, USATel: +1-301-907-8800Fax: +1-301-907-2420columbia@tdrss.comhttp://www.tdrss.comProgram: ColumbiaCӍ1Rw Ӎ⎂Comsat Corporation⎂L f\doCIx ISComsat Corporation6560 Rock Spring Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USATel: +1-301-214-3658Fax: +1-301-214-7130http://www.comsat.comNYSE:CQPrograms: Comstar, Intelsat, Marisat, SBSDӍ&14&"Deutsche Telekom AG⎂"@ Na0`mѾDeutsche Telekom AG(DTAG)Godesberger Alle 87-91, 53175 Bonn, GermanyTel: +49-228-181-1211Fax: +49-228-181-8872http://www.dtag.dePrograms: DFS &"⎂Kopernikus, TvsatA&c1Aw cTEarth Watch Inc."T9 @qEarth Watch Inc.1900 Pike Road, Longmont, CO 80501, USATel: +1-800-496-1225Tel: +1-303-702-5561Fax: +1-303-702-5562Email: info@digitalglobe.comhttp://www.digitalglobe.comIc1_‚Echostar Satellite Corp.T‚< FR4Echostar Satellite Corp.5701 S. Santa Fe Drive, Littleton, CO 80120, USATel: +1-303-723-1000Fax: +1-303-723-1499http://www.echostar.comNASDAQ:DISHProgram: EchostarEchostar is owned at 50% by News Corp.U$Â1ÂsĂMobile Communications Holdings, Inc.k(‚sĂC TQSMobile Communications Holdings, Inc.(MCHI)1120 19th Street, N.W., Suite 460, Washington, DC 20036, USATel +1-202-466-4488Fax +1-202-466-4493Email: jtedino@mchi.comhttp://www.ellipso.comProgram: EllipsatPrincipal Subsidiaries: Ellipsat International Inc. & Ellipsat Corporation\+ÂĂ1JuĂłEmpresa Brasileira de Telecomunicaes S.A.sĂł3 4wCDEmpresa Brasileira de Telecomunicaes S.A.(Embratel)Avenida Presidente Vargas 1012, Rio de Janeiro 20279-900, BrazilTel: +55-21-216-7535Fax: +55-21-216-8831Program: Brasilsat6Ăł1 łƂEosatłƂ2 2;EOSATSpace Imaging4300 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, MD 20706, USATel: +1-301-552-0537 or +1-800-344-9933Fax: +1-301-552-3762http://www.spaceimage.com; łƂ1u!ƂǂEurasiasatƂǂ9 @GQNEurasiasatAthos Palace, 2 rue de la Lugernetta, MC98000 MonacoTel: +377-97-98-5750Fax: +377-97-99-82-20Email: eurasiasat@atsat.comProgram: EurasiasatPƂ)Ȃ1̆")ȂʂEuropean Meteorologic Satellite<ǂeʂx 2_㱭+ xE㬹.މqn͉ˆt.R׉European Meteorologic SatelliteEumetsatAm Kavalleriesand 31, D-64295 Darmstadt, GermanyTel: +49-6151-807-7Fax: +49-6151-807-555http://www.eumetsat.de/Program: MeteosatOrganization created in May 1983 based at Darmstadt, Germany, that counts 17 members: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.vS)Ȃʂ# Funding: $4.5 million (1985-1995); Germany 24%, France 18%, Italy 15% and UK 14%U$eʂ0˂1#0˂΂EUropean TELecommunication SATellitesʂ΂ ̀RH(㱭+ xEL> 㬹.މ qn͉ˆtR׉EUropean TELecommunication SATelliteEutelsat70 rue Balard, 75502 Paris cedex 15, FranceTel: +33-1-5398-4747Fax: +33-1-5398-3700Fax on demand: +33-1-5398-2338http://www.eutelsat.orgProgram: EutelsatWhen Eutelsat was created it gathered 17 countries. Currently 48 countries are members of Eutelsat: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia, Cyprus, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Moldavia, Monte-Carlo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, San Marino, Slovaky, Sloveny, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechy, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Vatican, YugosloviaD0˂΂1*̆$΂ Final Analysis Inc.΂ : BYǥ Final Analysis, Inc.(FAI)9701-E Philadelphia Court, Lanham, MD 20706, USATel: +1-301-459-0100Fax: +1-301-459-0101http://www.finalanalysis.com/Program: Faisat΂ ΂?΂K1]%K^France Telecom ^G \ kFrance Telecom21 rue de la vanne, BP 800, 92542 Montrouge cedex, FranceTel: +33-1-5595-2600Fax: +33-1-5595-2700FTE.PAhttp://www.francetelecom.frhttp://www.globecast.comProgram: TelecomQ K1Sf&GE American Communications, Inc.^h 5qPdIeF ZSv?qㄋQtGE American Communications, Inc.GE Americom4 Research Way, Princeton, NJ 08540-6684, USATel: +1-800-273-0329Tel: +1-609-987-4000Fax: +1-609-987-4312Email: americom.info@capital.ge.comhttp://www.ge.com/capital/americom/Programs: GE, GE*Star, Gstar, Satcom, Sky, Spacenet, StarsysCompany formed in 1975. Wholly-owned subsidiary of GE Capital Services, a General Electric company.M1oG' GE Capital Satellites-Europe" A PD"GE Capital Satellites-EuropeSweden House, 2nd floor, 20 St. James' Street, London SW1A 1ES, UKTel: +44-171-302-6302Fax: +44-171-302-6352Email: satellites@ge.geis.comProgram: Sirius 2Subsidiary of GE Americom@`1Uf!(`uGlobalstar L.P. u; Dx≂Globalstar L.P.3200 Zanker Road, P.O. Box 640670, San Jose, CA 95164-0670, USATel +1-408-473-5550Fax +1-408-473-5750http://www.globalstar.com/Program: GlobalstarFounded by Loral Corp. and Qualcomm Inc. K`1G)Hughes Communications Inc.5uN jlSӉ?J$qHughes Communications Inc.(HCI)PO Box 9712, Long Beach, CA 90810, USATel: +1-310-525-5211Fax: +1-310-525-5220http://www.hcisat.comPrograms: DBS, Galaxy, Panamsat, Spacewaya subsidiary of GM Hughes Electronics> 31!*3 Hispasat S.A. 9 @1&̉Hispasat S.A.Apartado P.O. Box: 95.000, 28080 Madrid, SpainTel: +34-1-372-9000Fax: +34-1-307-7705http://www.hispasat.es/Programs: HispasatN3R 1$D+R ( International Launch Services ( 2 2IInternational Launch Services(ILS)101 West Broadway, Suite 2000, San Diego, CA 92101, USATel: +1-619-645-6400Fax: +1-619-645-6500http://www.lmco.com/ILS/= R e 1,e  Informcosmosc(  ) "Informcosmos16 Kazakova Street, Moscow 103064 RussiaTel: +7-095-261-5494Fax: +7-095-261-0090= e . 1DH-.  Inmarsat Ltd  ? LC㐮):6SInmarsat Ltd99 City Road, London EC1Y 1AX, United KingdomTel: +44-171-728-1000Fax: +44-171-728-1044http://www.inmarsat.orgPrograms: Inmarsat, ICO9. G 1.G $ Intelsat $ 9 @ICIxIntelsat3400 International drive NW, Box 63, Washington DC, 20008, USATel: +1-202-944-7500Fax: +1-202-944-7890http://www.intelsat.intProgram: Intelsat= G a 1H /a IntersputnikO$ f ~wMo7U=Q_t Intersputnik2 Smolensky Lane 1/4, Moscow, 121099, CISTel: +7-095-244-0333Fax: +7-095-253-9906Email: dir@intersputnik.comhttp://www.intersputnik.comPrograms: Express, Gorizont, IntersputnikToday Intersputnik has the following 22 members: Afghanistan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kirghistan, North-Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Poland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Romania, Russia, Syria, Yemen and Vietnam.< a  @1v0 @@Iridium LLC @v@6 <ЇIridium LLC1575 Eye Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005, USAhttp://www.iridium.comProgram: Iridium5 @@1 1@AISRO@A? L?:Gw㿓SISROAntariksh Bhavan, New B.E.L. road, Bangalore 560 094, IndiaTel: +91-80-333-4474Fax: +91-80-333-2292http://www.isro.org/Programs: Insat, IRS5@B1v2BCJSATAC< FEJSATJapan Satellite Systems Inc. - Kabushiki-gaisha Nihon Sateraito SisutemuzuToranomon 17 Mori Bldg. 5th Fl., 1-26-5 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105 JapanTel: +81-3-5511-7778Fax: +81-3-3597-0601http://www.iijnet.or.jp/JSAT/Program: JcsatJSAT was formed in 1993 by the merger of Japan Communications Satellite Co (JCSAT, which operated the first two JCSAT satellites) and Satellite Japan Corp (SAJAC).V%B4D1$G34DEKaStar Satellite Communications Corp.CE> J![dKaStar Satellite Communications Corp.P.O. Box 1471, Evergreen, CO 80437, USADMDTV@aol.comhttp://www.kastarcom.comProgram: Ladybug> 4D@E1v>4@ExFKorea Telecom8ExFA PrKorea TelecomSatellite Business Group, Korea Telecom680-63, Jayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, KoreaTel: +82-2-201-0082Fax: +82-2-458-6430Email: koreasat@ktweb.kotel.co.krhttp://koreasat.nc.kotel.co.kr/welcome.htmlProgram: Koreasat?@EF11G5FGLEO One (firm)xFG@ NeM(LEO One150 North Meramec Avenue, #620, St Louis, MO 63105, USATel: +1-314-746-0567Fax: +1-314-721-3410Email: info@leoone.comhttp://www.leoone.comProgram: LEO OneZ)FH1>/6H{ILockheed Martin Global Telecommunicationsx?G{I9 @яOjLockheed Martin Global TelecommunicationsLM Corporation6801 Rockledge Drive, MP 200-12, Bethesda, MD 20817, USATel: +1-301-897-6975Fax: +1-301-897-6296This wholly owned LM subsidiary comprises: LM Intersputnik, Astrolink, LM Telecommunications and the stake in the joint venture with GE Americom (GE 1A).MHI1I7IJLockheed Martin Intersputnik{IJ2 2'\gLockheed Martin Intersputnik8th Floor, Berkeley Square House, 9-14 Berkeley Square, London W1X 5LA, UKTel: +44-171-872-5528Fax: +44-171-753-2820Partially owned by LM Global Telecommunications= IK1/8KKLoral SkynetJK9 @ALoral Skynet500 Hills Drive, Box 7018, Bedminster, NJ 07921, USATel: +1 908 470-2328Fax: +1 908 470-2459http://www.loralskynet.com/Program: SkynetQ K+L1_\9+L9MLoral Space & Communications LtdK9MK d'tz6w۴w퉂Loral Space & Communications Ltd600 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016, USATel: +1-212-697-1105Fax: +1-212-661-8988http://ssloral.comProgram: Loralsat, Morelos, Orion, SolidaridadT#+LM18 :MqNMabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp.9MqN3 4c"ZMabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp.(MPSC)22/F Rufino Pacific Tower, 6784 Ayala Avenue, Makati City, PhilippinesTel: +63-2-811-0983Fax: +63-2-811-0990Program: Mabuhay7MN1\;NOMeasatqNO9 @K*MeasatP.O.Box 12202, Kuala Lumpur, 50770, MalaysiaTel : +60-3-244-3388Fax : +60-3-242-7510 or +60-3-202-5520http://www.jaring.my/measat/Program: Measat?NO1 <ONahuelsat S.A.O9 @!"%ljNOOahuelsat S.A.Lavalle 472, Piso 3, 1047 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaTel: +54-1-327-2292Fax: +54-1-327-2319nsat@ba.netProgram: Nahuelsat5Oπ1d=πbNASAdb/ .NASA600 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington DC 20546Tel: +1-202-453-1000http://www.nasa.gov5π1b:>ĂNOAA-bĂW |9 LȉTɑWi<ʉNOAAOffice of Satellite OperationsFederal Building 4, Room 135, 4401 Suitland Road, Suitland, MD 20233Tel: +1-301-457-5130http://www.noaa.govPrograms: DMSP, Goes, Nimbus, NOAA, NPOESS, TirosN1d?߃Nordiska SatellitaktiebolagetĂ߃9 @)ڢyNordiska Satellitaktiebolaget(NSAB)Box 17666, 118 92 Stockholm, SwedenTel: +46-8-671 25 90Fax: +46-8-671 21 81Programs: Sirius, Tele X[*:1h:@:GNippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation ߃G@ N4\Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation(NTT)1-6 Uchisaiwai-cho, 1-chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100, JapanTel: +81-3-3509-3101Fax: +81-3-3509-4290http://www.ntt.co.jpPrograms: N Star, SakuraK:1:AbOdyssey TelecommunicationsGb1 0?Odyssey TelecommunicationsOne Space Park, Redondo Beach, CA 90278, USATel: +1-310-814-8888 Fax: +1-310-814-1400 http://www.trw.com/seg/sats/ODY.html E1x2BڇOptus Communications3bڇ; DOptus Communications101 Miller Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, AustraliaTel: +61-2-342-7800Fax: +61-2-342-7100http://www.optus.net.auProgram: Optus49% of the firm is owned by Cable & Wireless, 25% by Mayne Nickless Ltd of Australia.81:^COrbcommu,ڇI `Y㐫xOOrbcomm21700 Atlantic Boulevard, Dulles, Virginia 20166-6801 USATel: 1-800-orbcommTel: +1-703-406-6000Fax: +1-703-406-3504Email: orbcomm@orbital.comhttp://www.orbcomm.netPrograms: OrbcommParent companies are Orbital Sciences Corp. (50%), Teleglobe Inc. and TRI Inc. of Malaysia.LӉ1m2CDӉOrbital Science Corporation!< FXdOOrbital Science Corporation(OSC)21700 Atlantic Boulevard, Dulles, Virginia 20166-6801, USATel: 1-800-orbcommTel: +1-703-406-5000Fax: +1-703-406-5511http://www.orbital.comNASDAQ:ORBISubsidiaries: Orbcomm, OrbimageKӉ?1^EE?Orion Network Systems Inc.HF Z۴xOrion Network Systems Inc.2440 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850, USATel:US: 1-800-786-7466Int: +1-301-258-8101Fax:+1-301-258-3222http://www.OrionNetworks.netNASDAQ:ONSIProgram: OrionWas bought by Loral Space & Communications LtdE?̌1hC,F̌Panamsat Corporation#< F?J$Panamsat CorporationOne Pichwick Plaza, Greenwich, CT 06830, USATel: +1-203-622-6664Fax: +1-203-861-8688http://www.panamsat.comNASDAQ: SPOTProgram: Panamsat81% of the firm is owned by Hughes Electronics Corporation; ̌*1EG*َParacomsatَ* " Paracomsat25 de Mayo 516, 6 Piso, (1002) Buenos Aires, ArgentinaTel: +54-1-313-5058 or 313-5158 or 313-9829Fax: +54-1-311-1852O*(1:,H(Philippine Agila Satellite Incَ, &Philippine Agila Satellite Inc (PASI)Domsat Holdings Inc18th floor Pearlbank Center, 146 Valero St., Salcedo Village, City of Makati, PhilippineTel: +632-840-30-21Fa(َx: +632-750-57-64V%(u1FIuePhilippine Long Distance Telephone Coe4 6y"ZPhilippine Long Distance Telephone Co(PLDT)7/F Ramon Cojuangco Building, Makati Ave., Makati, Metro Manila, PhilippineTel: +632-816-8911Fax +632-818-6800TEL.PSProgram: MabuhayHu1ҁJƒPT Media Citra IndostarIeƒ3 4-PT Media Citra IndostarElektrindo Building, 8/F, Jl. Kuningan Barat No. 8, Jakarta 12710 IndonesiaTel: +62-21-526-9380Fax: +62-21-526-9389http://www.indovision.co.id/Media Citra is owned by Matahari Lintas Cakrawala which is 61 percent controlled by PT Datakom Asia.MCÃ1~KCÃtăPT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara1ƒtăG \>؉PT Pasifik Satelit NusantaraMulia Centre # 1201, Jl. Rasuna Said Kav X/6 No. 8, Jakarta 12940, IndonesiaTel: +62-21-5229292Fax: +62-21-5229293Email: psn@psn.co.idhttp://www.psn.co.idNASDAQ:PSNRYProgram: M2A, Palapa= CÃă1>ҁLăŃPT SatelindotăŃ: B>؉PT SatelindoPT Satellit Palapa Indonesia (Satelindo)Ji Daan Mogot KM 11, Jakarta Barat 11710, IndonesiaTel: +62-21-545-1745Fax: +62-21-545-1746http://www.satelindo.co.idProgram: Palapa: ăŃ1MŃƃPT TelkomnŃƃ1 2>؉PT TelkomJl. Japati No. 1, Bandung, IndonesiaTel: +62-22-452-2330Fax: +62-22-706-225Program: PalapaGŃƃ1@NƃǃRadarSat Internationalƃǃ: BgTRadarSat International(RSI)275 Slater Street, Suite 1203, Ottawa, Ontario K1P5H9, CanadaTel: +1-613-238-6413Fax: +1-613-238-5425http://adro.radar1.sp-agency.caProgram: RadarsatBƃ ȃ17O ȃȃSingapore Telecomǃȃ1 0Singapore Telecom31 Exeter Road, Comcentre, Singapore 0923, SingaporeTel: +65-838-3388Fax: +65-734-8119http://www.singtel.comZ) ȃɃ1>PɃYʃSino Satellite Communications Company Ltd:ȃYʃ3 4Sino Satellite Communications Company LtdPO Box 849-49 Beijin, P.R. China, 100830Tel: +86-10-68331913Fax: +86-10-68331927Email: sinosat@public.bta.net.cnJoint venture of CASC, Defense Science and Technology and People's Bank of China. Non-MPT project.Q Ƀʃ1J7Qʃ˃Shinawatra Satellite Company LtdYʃ˃9 @v胉Shinawatra Satellite Company Ltd41/103 Rattanathibet Road, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandTel: +662-591-0736Fax: +662-591-0706http://www.shinawatra.co.th/ssa/satel.htmProgram: ThaicomQ ʃ˃14>R˃̃Socit Europenne de Satellites˃̃: BS ܜSocit Europenne de Satellites(SES)Chteau de Betzdorf, 6815 Betzdorf, LuxembourgTel: +352-710-7251Fax: +352-710-725324http://www.astra.luProgram: AstraQ ˃(̓1S(̓d΃Space Communications Corporation<̃d΃< FY'# Space Communications Corporation(SCC)2-2-8, Higashi-shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku,Tokyo, 140-0002, JapanTel: +81-3-5462-1350 Fax: +81-3-5462-1391http://www.superbird.co.jpProgram: SuperbirdThe company formed in 1985 is mainly owned by Mitsubishi> (̓΃1T΃4Spacecom Ltd.Kd΃4; D3 Spacecom Ltd.Twin Towers II, suite 917, 35 Jabotinsky St., Ramat Gan 52511, ISRAELTel: +972-3-6134720Fax: +972-3-6134723Email: spacecom@netvision.net.ilProgram: AmosSpacecom is a joint venture of Gilat Communication Engineering, Israel Aircraft Industries, General Satellite Se΃4d΃rvices Company and MER Services Group.T#΃1USurrey Satellite Technology Limited04: B~ꠉSurrey Satellite Technology Limited(SSTL)Centre for Satellite Engineering Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UKTel: +44-1483-259143 Fax: +44-1483-259503http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT/Program: UosatH1{VTldiffusion De France3 4 STldiffusion De France(TDF)21-27 rue Barbs, 92120 Montrouge, FranceTel: +33-1-4965-1000Fax: +33-1-4657-4850Program: TDFM1]RWTelecomunicaciones de Mexico9 @tz6ww퉂Telecomunicaciones de Mexico(Telecomm)Eje Central Lazaro Cardenas No. 567, P.B., Ala Norte, Col. Narvarte, 03020 Mexico, D.F., MexicoTel: +52-5-629-1392Fax: +52-5-538-8505Programs: Morelos, Solidaridad: O1*{XO?Teledesic?@ NaNꉂTeledesic2300 Carillon Point, Kirkland, WA 98033, USATel +1-425-602-0000Fax: +1-425-602-0001Email: info@teledesic.comhttp://www.teledesic.comProgram: TeledesicKO13RYrTelenor Satellite Services?r9 @_Telenor Satellite ServicesP.O.Box 6914, St. Olavs pl., Olso, 0130, NorwayTel: +47-22-77-79-50Fax: +47-22-77-79-80http://www.international.telenor.noProgram: Thor?1|ZTelesat Canada=rB RTelesat Canada1601 Telesat Court, Gloucester K1B 5P4, Ontario, CanadaTel: +1-613-748-0123Fax: +1-613-748-8712Email: info@telesat.cahttp://www.telesat.caProgram: AnikTelesat Canada belongs for half to the State and private companies.; )1Q[)? Telespazio? ; DvTelespazioVia Alberto Bergamini 50, Roma 00159, ItalyTel: +39-6-4987-2240Fax: +39-6-4987-2743http://www.Telespazio.itProgram: ItalsatOn 31 Dec 1993 Telespazio was equally owned by STET, ITALCABLE and RAI8)w 1'\w W Teracom? W @ NAڢTeracomAgnesfridsvgen 113 C, S-202 50 Malm, SwedenTel: +46-40-14-18-00Fax: +46-40-14-18-12info@teracom.sehttp://www.teracom.seProgram: SiriusX'w  1O]  Thuraya Satellite Telecommunications CoW  @ NoThuraya Satellite Telecommunications CoPO Box 33344, Abu Dhabi, UAETel: +971 2 2084235Fax: +971 2 330064thuraya@emirates.net.aehttp://www.thuraya.com/Program: ThurayaC  1'_^  TMI Communications  2 2LwTMI CommunicationsP.O. 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22590TCATNR 22592XCATNR 22594\CATNR 22623`CATNR 22626dCATNR 22633hCATNR 22638lCATNR 22641pCATNR 22643tCATNR 22646xCATNR 22647|CATNR 22648CATNR 22649CATNR 22650CATNR 22651CATNR 22653CATNR 22654CATNR 22657CATNR 22663CATNR 22671CATNR 22675CATNR 22687CATNR 22688CATNR 22689CATNR 22690CATNR 22691CATNR 22692CATNR 22694CATNR 22696CATNR 22698CATNR 22700CATNR 22709CATNR 22716CATNR 22719CATNR 22721CATNR 22723CATNR 22724CATNR 22729CATNR 22739CATNR 22741CATNR 22777CATNR 22779CATNR 22782CATNR 22783CATNR 22787CATNR 22789CATNR 22796 CATNR 22798CATNR 22802CATNR 22808CATNR 22823CATNR 22824 CATNR 22825:LAUNR 93061C$CATNR 22826(CATNR 22827,CATNR 228290CATNR 228304tqCATNR 228368CATNR 22859<CATNR 22871@CATNR 22875DCATNR 22877HCATNR 22880LCATNR 22888PCATNR 22904TCATNR 22907XCATNR 22911\CATNR 22912`CATNR 22913dCATNR 22921hCATNR 22927lCATNR 22930pCATNR 22931tCATNR 22949xCATNR 22963|CATNR 22969CATNR 22970CATNR 22978CATNR 22979CATNR 22981CATNR 22988CATNR 22990CATNR 22991CATNR 22992CATNR 22993CATNR 22994CATNR 22995CATNR 22996CATNR 22998CATNR 22999CATNR 23000CATNR 23001CATNR 23002CATNR 23003CATNR 23004CATNR 23009CATNR 23010CATNR 23016CATNR 23019CATNR 23027CATNR 23028CATNR 23030CATNR 23031CATNR 23033CATNR 23043CATNR 23044CATNR 23045CATNR 23051CATNR 23087CATNR 23092CATNR 23095 CATNR 23097CATNR 23099CATNR 23101CATNR 23105CATNR 23108 CATNR 23119$CATNR 23122(CATNR 23124,CATNR 231250CATNR 231264CATNR 231328CATNR 23145<CATNR 23168@CATNR 23175DCATNR 23176HCATNR 23179LCATNR 23182PCATNR 23185TCATNR 23187XCATNR 23189\CATNR 23191`CATNR 23192dCATNR 23194hCATNR 23199lCATNR 23200pCATNR 23203tCATNR 23204xCATNR 23205|CATNR 23211CATNR 23218CATNR 23223CATNR 23227CATNR 23230CATNR 23233CATNR 23249CATNR 23253CATNR 23267CATNR 23278CATNR 23305CATNR 23313CATNR 23314CATNR 23317CATNR 23319CATNR 23323CATNR 23327CATNR 23331CATNR 23333CATNR 23336CATNR 23341CATNR 23342CATNR 23396CATNR 23397CATNR 23398CATNR 23404CATNR 23411CATNR 23413CATNR 23415CATNR 23420CATNR 23426qCATNR 23431CATNR 23435CATNR 23439CATNR 23441CATNR 23442 CATNR 23443CATNR 23444CATNR 23445CATNR 23446 CATNR 23448$CATNR 23455(CATNR 23461,CATNR 234630CATNR 234644CATNR 234658CATNR 23467<CATNR 23470@CATNR 23471DCATNR 23472HCATNR 23473LCATNR 23474PCATNR 23475TCATNR 23476XCATNR 23497\CATNR 23501`CATNR 23511dCATNR 23512hCATNR 23513lCATNR 23519pCATNR 23521tCATNR 23526xCATNR 23528|CATNR 23530CATNR 23533CATNR 23536CATNR 23537CATNR 23545CATNR 23546CATNR 23547CATNR 23549CATNR 23553CATNR 23558CATNR 23560CATNR 23567CATNR 23571CATNR 23581CATNR 23584CATNR 23589CATNR 23596CATNR 23598CATNR 23601CATNR 23603CATNR 23605CATNR 23606CATNR 23607CATNR 23609CATNR 23613CATNR 23620CATNR 23621CATNR 23622CATNR 23628CATNR 23633CATNR 23636CATNR 23639CATNR 23642CATNR 23646CATNR 23649CATNR 23651 CATNR 23653CATNR 23657CATNR 23668CATNR 23669CATNR 23670 CATNR 23672$CATNR 23674(CATNR 23676,CATNR 236800CATNR 236864CATNR 236968CATNR 23704<CATNR 23710@CATNR 23711DCATNR 23712HCATNR 23717LCATNR 23723PCATNR 23728TCATNR 23730XCATNR 23731\CATNR 23734`CATNR 23735dCATNR 23736hCATNR 23741lCATNR 23748pCATNR 23751tCATNR 23752xCATNR 23754|CATNR 23757CATNR 23763CATNR 23764CATNR 23765CATNR 23768CATNR 2377CATNR 23775CATNR 23779CATNR 23787CATNR 23788CATNR 23789CATNR 23790CATNR 23791CATNR 23792CATNR 23794CATNR 23802CATNR 23816qCATNR 23818CATNR 23827CATNR 23833CATNR 23839CATNR 23842CATNR 23846CATNR 23851CATNR 23853CATNR 23855CATNR 23857CATNR 23864CATNR 23865CATNR 23868CATNR 23871CATNR 23877 CATNR 23893 CATNR 23907 CATNR 23908 CATNR 23915 CATNR 23940 CATNR 23943 CATNR 23945 CATNR 23948$ CATNR 23949( CATNR 23953, CATNR 239670 CATNR 242084 CATNR 242098 CATNR 24274< CATNR 24277@ CATNR 24278D CATNR 24285H CATNR 24291L CATNR 24293T CATNR 24297X CATNR 24304\ CATNR 24305` CATNR 24307d CATNR 24313h CATNR 24315l CATNR 24320p CATNR 24435t CATNR 24634x CATNR 24640| CATNR 24645 CATNR 24652 CATNR 24653 CATNR 24665 CATNR 24670 CATNR 24674 CATNR 24677 CATNR 24680 CATNR 24702 CATNR 24713 CATNR 24714 CATNR 24720 CATNR 24725 CATNR 24726 CATNR 24727 CATNR 24728 CATNR 24729 CATNR 24730 CATNR 24732 CATNR 24737 CATNR 24742 CATNR 24744 CATNR 24748 CATNR 24753 CATNR 24761 CATNR 24768 CATNR 24769 CATNR 24772 CATNR 24779 CATNR 24780 CATNR 24786 CATNR 24792!CATNR 24793!CATNR 24794!CATNR 24795 !CATNR 24798!CATNR 24800!CATNR 24805!CATNR 24808!CATNR 24812 !CATNR 24819$!CATNR 24820(!CATNR 24827,!CATNR 248340!CATNR 248374!CATNR 24838Indonesia>Indostar 1(>Informator,>Informcosmos0>Infosat8>Injun 1<>Injun 3@>I-07;i Injun 4D>Injun 5H>InmarsatL>Inmarsat 2F1P>Inmarsat 2F2T>Inmarsat 2F3X>Inmarsat 2F4\>Inmarsat 3F1`>Inmarsat 3F2d>Inmarsat 3F3h>Inmarsat 3F4l>Inmarsat 3F5p>Inmarsat Ltdt>Inmarsat P|>INPE>Insat>Insat 1A>Insat 1B>Insat 1C>Insat 1D>Insat 2A>Insat 2B>Insat 2C>Insat 2D>Insat 2DT>Insat 2E>Insat 2R>Insat 3A>Intasat>Integral>Intelsat>Intelsat 101>Intelsat 201>Intelsat 202>Intelsat 203>Intelsat 204>Intelsat 301>Intelsat 302>Intelsat 303>Intelsat 304>Intelsat 305>Intelsat 306>Intelsat 307>Intelsat 308>Intelsat 401>Intelsat 402?Intelsat 403?Intelsat 404?Intelsat 405 ?Intelsat 406?Intelsat 407?Intelsat 408?Intelsat 4A01?Intelsat 4A02 ?Intelsat 4A03$?Intelsat 4A04(?Intelsat 4A05,?Intelsat 4A060?Intelsat 5014?Intelsat 5028?Intelsat 503Program: WorldstartProgram: YamaltProgram: YuritProsperotProtontProton 1tProton 2tProton 3tProton 4tPS 1tPSLVtPSNtPT Media Citra IndostartPT Pasifik Satelit NusantarauPT SatelindouPT Satellit Palapa Indonesia uPT Satellit Palapa Indonesia (Satelindo)uPT TelkomuQuick BirduQuick ScattermeteruQuickbird uQuickscat$uR7(uRA,uRACE4uRadarsat8uRadarSat International@Secor 04 ySecor 05$ySecor 06(ySecor 07,ySecor 080ySecor 094ySecor 138ySEDSSecor 04?Spacenet 3R@STS #09ASTS 63BTelesat 8CTurksat 1BDUSA 106Esmos sat_cosm.rtf 388 C29C888E3 thema_designation 1 thema_designation sat_cosm.rtf 388 ; C4ED1AB thema_Origine 1 thema_Origine sat_cosm.rtf 388 7E0CB209D Origine_CEI 1 Origine_CEI sat_cosm.rtf 388 ;CDF9D148 thema_mission 1 thema_mission sat_cosm.rtf 388 77B2FBAE5 prog_eorsat 1 prog_eorsat sat_cosm.rtf 388 ; DFFC084 thema_lanceur 1 thema_lanceur sat_cosm.rtf 388 ?9F783375 sat_Cosmos_2348 0 sat_Cosmos_2348 sat_cosm.rtf 389 769AA7105 prog_Cosmos 1 prog_Cosmos sat_cosm.rtf 389 C29C888E3 thema_designation 1 thema_designation sat_cosm.rtf 389 ; C4ED1AB thema_Origine 1 thema_Origine sat_cosm.rtf 389 7E0CB209D Origine_CEI 1 Origine_CEI sat_cosm.rtf 389 ;CDF9D148 thema_mission 1 thema_mission sat_cosm.rtf 389 ; DFFC084 thema_lanceur 1 thema_lanceur sat_cosm.rtf 389 ?9F783376 sat_cosmos_2349 0 sat_cosmos_2349 sat_cosm.rtf 390 769AA7105 prog_Cosmos 1 prog_Cosmos sat_cosm.rtf 390 C29C888E3 thema_designation 1 thema_designation sat_cosm.rtf 390 ; C4ED1AB thema_Origine 1 thema_Origine sat_cosm.rtf 390 7E0CB209D Origine_CEI 1 Origine_CEI sat_cosm./&;)Lzd#Main index4Alphabetical satellite indexDesignation TSE License Agreement Order form! Order form with VAT Bibliography Acknowlegdmentz Versions4Compatible softwareHow to use this encyclopedia?5TSE (franais)Licence d'utilisation Jean-Jacques SerraGGunter KrebsrCountries of originArgentinaAustraliaBrazilBulgariaCanadaChileChinaCISCzechoslovakia3EgyptFranceOGermanyHong KongIndia8Indonesia<IsraelItaly'JapanKorea (South)LuxemburgMalaysiaKMexicoNetherlands4NorwayPakistanPhilippines PortugalXSpainWSweden ThailandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesArab States}EuropeInternational\NATO5The Clarke Belta To be launched6$d$$GlossaryO%PrintingY 'C-band US frequency chart (starting horizontal)'C-band US frequency chart (starting vertical)(First in History)Abrixas:)h)ACeSF)*ACTS~*Adeos 1a*Adeos 2z++AEM 1B+AEM 2H+AEM 3+Program: Aeros++Aeros 1p+Aeros 2t,Afristar.,\,Program: Agrani,,Ajisai,Alexis-Alos~--Program: Alouette--Alouette 1f-Alouette 2--B-Amos 1a.#.C.Amos 29.g.Program: AMPTEo..AMPTE CCEX/AMPTE IRM/AMPTE UKSD/Program: AMRC$/R/Program: AMS/AMSC 10Program: Andesat0#0Program: Anik0B0ڀ0m0*00P01u11M1P1111܁1Anik's Ku-band transponder frequency chart2Anik A182Anik A22Anik A3Ӄ2Anik B13Anik C13Anik C2Y3Anik C323Anik D14Anik D2}4Anik E1+4Anik E2*4Anik F155Anna 1B5ANS5Apex5APMTw66Apple!6Program: Apstar~66؁6Apstar 177Apstar 1A77?7Apstar 28Apstar 2R-9}9΁9Apstar 39߂9Program: Arabsat:~:::`:o:::W;#;r;;Arabsat 1A];Arabsat 1B$;Arabsat 1C< <+<Arabsat 1D<Arabsat 1E*<Arabsat 2A<Arabsat 2BU<Arabsat 3A===Program: Ariel=e=Ariel 1=Ariel 2>Ariel 3t>Ariel 4>Ariel 5>Ariel 6>Aries 1̆>?Arsne?Artemisw??Aryabhata@Program: ASCE@g@[@ASC's C-band transponder frequency chartρ@@ASC 1AASC 2A8A[AAProgram: AsiasatAfAAsiasat 1JBpBBAsiasat 2CC#CAsiasat 3XExEEEAsiasat 3SXFFAsiasat 4G1GAsiastarKGyGProgram: AsterGGAstrixGProgram: AstraEG҃GAstra 1AgHHH0H`HAstra 1B(IXIIIIAstra 1C I:IjIIJAstra 1D|JJ܂J JnDong Fang Hong 26nDong Fang Hong 30oDong Fang Hong 31oDong Fang Hong 32.oDong Fang Hong 33oDong Fang Hong 34oDong Fang Hong 35߂oDong Fang Hong 36&oDong Fang Hong 37pDong Fang Hong 38WpDong Fang Hong 39pDong Fang Hong 40spDong Fang Hong 41pDong Fang Hong 42qDong Fang Hong 43 qDong Fang Hong 44qDong Fang Hong 45oqDong Fang Hong 46rrDoveÁrProgram: DSCS rossgsasDSCS 2-01sDSCS 2-02ƂsDSCS 2-03sDSCS 2-04: tDSCS 2-05<tDSCS 2-06tDSCS 2-07KtDSCS 2-08{tDSCS 2-11tDSCS 2-12ۃtDSCS 2-13uDSCS 2-14>uDSCS 2-15uDSCS 2-16uDSCS 3-01{uDSCS 3-02ӃuDSCS 3-03vDSCS 3-04vDSCS 3-05vDSCS 3-06vDSCS 3-07vDSCS 3-08vDSCS 3-09vDSCS 3-101wProgram: DSP-wwwDSP F12wDSP 3-1JwDSP 3-2wDSP 3-3wDSP 3-4wDSP 3-5xDSP 3-6xEarly BirdxProgram: ECCOy.yDynamics Explorer 1yDynamics Explorer 2yProgram: E-satwyyEASTɃyyProgram: EchoyyEcho 1zEcho 2zProgram: EchostarzzEchostar 1hzEchostar 2]{Echostar 3{Echostar 4${Program: Ellipsat|H|Envisat|ƃ|EoleR|EorsatO}}}Program: EOS}҃} }8}EOS AM~?~EOS PM-1Z~~EOS Chemistry 1k~~Equator S~ERBSERSERS 1ERS 2ESA-Geos 1 ESA-Geos 2lProgram: EsroEsro 1AEsro 1BEsro 2BEsro 4Program: EssaEssa 1Essa 2;Essa 3REssa 4jEssa 5Essa 6QEssa 7kEssa 8Essa 9Program: ETSRETS 1ETS 2 ETS 3sETS 4(ETS 5ETS 6ETS 7ETS 8Program: Eurasiasat(Eurasiasat 1c3Eureca 1҃Program: Europe*StarEuropesat 1kProgram: EuroskywayP~Program: EutelsatNև΀'Op*XEutelsat 1F1.Eutelsat 1F2Eutelsat 1F3탊Eutelsat 1F4'NEutelsat 1F5'Eutelsat 2F1@Eutelsat 2F2Eutelsat 2F3Eutelsat 2F4Eutelsat 2F5Hotbird 1,ZHotbird 2Hotbird 3HHotbird 4Hotbird 5Eutelsat 3F1Eutelsat 3 SESAT}Eutelsat 3F23Eutelsat 3F32Eutelsat 3F48fEUVEExos7Exos AہExos BǃExos CExos DcExosatnProgram: ExplorerdExplorer 01Explorer 03Explorer 04 2-04:Explorer 06lExplorer 07fExplorer 08Explorer 09Explorer 10Explorer 11Explorer 12Explorer 136Explorer 14Explorer 15EExplorer 16tExplorer 17uExplorer 18Explorer 19Explorer 20"Explorer 21Explorer 22Explorer 23*Explorer 24RExplorer 25}Explorer 26Explorer 276Explorer 28Explorer 29Explorer 30Explorer 31Explorer 32AExplorer 33yExplorer 34aExplorer 36Explorer 38Explorer 39YExplorer 40Explorer 41|Explorer 42Explorer 43Explorer 45Explorer 46JExplorer 47;Explorer 48Explorer 50`Explorer 51Explorer 523Explorer 53zExplorer 54Explorer 55EXPRESS (German)Program: Express"x 僜Express 1 hExpress 2ႝ;Program: Expressway|EyesatPFalcon GoldProgram: FasatTFasat Alfa釞Fasat Bravo#Program: FaisatKFaisat 1䆟Faisat 2vFaisat 1aFAST*FirewheelProgram: FleetsatcomcuFleetsatcom 1VFleetsatcom 2DFleetsatcom 3ЁFleetsatcom 41Fleetsatcom 5Fleetsatcom 6Fleetsatcom 7Fleetsatcom 8ForteeFR 1̓FrejaProgram: FujihFuji 1AsFuji 1BFuji 2FUSE/Program: Galaxyb7BGalaxy 1Galaxy 1R failureҁGalaxy 1R݃Galaxy 2UGalaxy 3Galaxy 3Rʁ"Galaxy 4ʇ!LGalaxy 5Galaxy 6?kGalaxy 7Galaxy Ku-band frequency chart`Galaxy 8iGalaxy 9 7aGalaxy 10#FGalaxy 11.N| ;Galex.Program: Gals4Gals 1Gals 27Program: GEDFカGE 1fGE 1A났GE 27GE 2AGE 3GE 4ꂭ3O}GE 5Program: GE*StarProgram: Geizer͂ЃGemstar1Geos 3GFO 1GFO 2はGeotailGFZ 1Program: GGSEYGGSE 1pGGSE 2QGGSE 3tGGSE 4GGSE 5Program: GlobalstarVl΂Globalstar 1Globalstar 2Globalstar 3/Globalstar 4^Globalstar 6Globalstar 8rGlobalstar 14Globalstar 15҂Program: GlonassKProgram: GMSP`yGMS 1GMS 2GMS 3~GMS 47GMS 5Program: Goesu vGoes 01ĀGoes 02Goes 03@Goes 04|Goes 05!Goes 06Goes GςGoes 07Goes 08Goes 09Goes 10Goes 11⃷Goes 12Program: Gorizont4PƒIGorizont 01Gorizont 02Gorizont 03Gorizont 04HGorizont 05냹Gorizont 06Gorizont 07Gorizont 08DGorizont 09Gorizont 10Gorizont 11.Gorizont 12ЄGorizont 13cGorizont 14Gorizont 15Gorizont 16+Gorizont 17[Gorizont 181jGorizont 193kGorizont 20偼D|Gorizont 2198qGorizont 22W'R~Gorizont 23߀Gorizont 24Y)TGorizont 25VGorizont 265nGorizont 27聾 YGorizont #39"Gorizont 28T녾+WGorizont 29| s8Gorizont 306ń MGorizont 31; 7Gorizont 32Q|Program: GPS[)GPS BI-01GPS BI-02GPS BI-03BGPS BI-04GPS BI-05+GPS BI-06GPS BI-07)GPS BI-08GPS BI-09bGPS BI-10#GPS BI-11:GPS BII-01GPS BII-02GPS BII-03FGPS BII-04 GPS BII-05cGPS BII-06GPS BII-07GPS BII-08GPS BII-09VGPS BIIA-10GGPS BIIA-11GPS BIIA-12GPS BIIA-13UGPS BIIA-14EGPS BIIA-15GE 5GPS BIIA-16GPS BIIA-17GPS BIIA-18GPS BIIA-19GPS BIIA-20GGPS BIIA-21GPS BIIA-22GPS BIIA-23rGPS BIIA-24IGPS BIIA-25`GPS BIIA-26GPS BIIA-27GPS BIIA-28GPS BIIR-01GPS BIIR-02vProgram: GraceProgram: Gramsat.GROProgram: GstardGstar 1Gstar 2;Gstar 3Gstar 4RqHarukaLHealthsatProgram: HeaoHeao 1Heao 2Heao 3Program: HliosHlios 1AHlios 1B#QProgram: Heos%Heos 1Heos 2yHESSIwHETEFHETE 2Hipparcos(Program: HispasatAqu+Hispasat 1AWHispasat 1BHispasat 1C1_zHST`Program: ICOCqProgram: IDSCPIkonos 1Ikonos 2ImageProgram: IMEWSeInjun 3Program: InmarsatVHInmarsat 2F16Inmarsat 2F2Inmarsat 2F3Inmarsat 2F4 Inmarsat 3F1>Inmarsat 3F2wInmarsat 3F3Inmarsat 3F4;Inmarsat 3F5Program: Insat^Q]Insat 1AtInsat 1BInsat 1CInsat 1DÅInsat 2A7]Insat 2BInsat 2C,WInsat 2DwInsat 2E<Insat 2R8Insat 3AM{IntasatIntegralԄProgram: Intelsatdc>Ճ`.lр4&{Intelsat 6 transponder frequency plana^Intelsat 7 transponder frequency planW,Intelsat 7A transponder frequency plan.Intelsat 8 transponder frequency plan/]lCqIntelsat 9 transponder frequency plan=_Intelsat 101Intelsat 201Intelsat 202Intelsat 2033Intelsat 204Intelsat 301Intelsat 302Intelsat 303Intelsat 304Intelsat 305Intelsat 306 ۃIntelsat 307Intelsat 308Intelsat 401-Intelsat 4020Intelsat 403Intelsat 404Intelsat 405>Intelsat 406Intelsat 407Intelsat 4088Intelsat 4A01-Intelsat 4A02Intelsat 4A03Intelsat 4A04>Intelsat 4A05Intelsat 4A06Intelsat 501Intelsat 502,OsIntelsat 503oIntelsat 504:Intelsat 5053Intelsat 506Intelsat 507CfIntelsat 508Intelsat 509Intelsat 5109\Intelsat 511bIntelsat 512-PtIntelsat 513 /Intelsat 514Intelsat 515SvIntelsat 601 -Intelsat 602#GIntelsat 603Intelsat 604+NrIntelsat 605bIntelsat KrIntelsat 701ÃIntelsat 702:^Intelsat 7031TxIntelsat 704ÀIntelsat 705ق Intelsat 706$Intelsat 707<Intelsat 708 Intelsat 709+NrIntelsat 801$GkIntelsat 802 .Intelsat 803,OsIntelsat 8048\Intelsat 805Intelsat 806}Intelsat KTVl NIntelsat 901Intelsat 902&TIntelsat 903sIntelsat 904Program: IntersputnikxLMI 1̀Intersputnik 89gIRASIridiumIridium 03MIridium 04Iridium 05Iridium 06Iridium 07-Iridium 08}Iridium 09SIridium 10Iridium 11Iridium 12QIridium 13:Iridium 14Iridium 15*Iridium 16Iridium 17Iridium 18@Iridium 191Iridium 20xIridium 21*Iridium 22Iridium 23fIridium 24Iridium 25Iridium 26Iridium 27Iridium 28Iridium 29Iridium 30Iridium 31CIridium 321Iridium 33{Iridium 34Iridium 35 Iridium 36Iridium 379Iridium 38Iridium 39]Iridium 40Iridium 41Iridium 425Iridium 43at 306 GIridium 44قIridium 45"Iridium 46Iridium 47cIridium 48Iridium 49Iridium 50ԁIridium 51#Iridium 52Iridium 53eIridium 54Iridium 55Iridium 56ԀIridium 57Iridium 58fIridium 59RIridium 60Iridium 61Iridium 623Iridium 63Iridium 64cIridium 65Iridium 66Iridium 67Iridium 68Iridium 69Iridium 70cIridium 71Iridium 72;Iridium 733Iridium 74yIridium 75Iridium 76Program: IRSZ`\IRS 1A9IRS 1BdIRS 1E_IRS P2`IRS 1C IRS P3 IRS 1D IRS P4> l IRS P5  IRS P6  IRS 2A5 c IRT< Program: ISEE  ISEE 1 ISEE 2 Program: IsisH m Isis 1 Isis 2 ISOC q Program: Italsat   J Italsat 1 Italsat 2  ItamsatA Itos IUEJason 1pProgram: JcsatPRASC's C-band transponder frequency chartc~Jcsat 1Jcsat 2Jcsat 3ʁJcsat 4Jcsat 5fJcsat 6UJERS 1Program: KHd *KH 1-2KH 1-5CKH 4-01KH 4A-03փKH 7-01KH 9-016KH 11-1uKH 11-2KH 11-3KH 11-6KH 11-7KH 11-8KH 12-1kKH 12-2ӀKH 12-3KH 12-4̃Program: Kitcomm Program: KitsatKitsat AKitsat B~Kompsat 1Program: KoreasatA 5WsKoreasat 1݅Koreasat 2Koreasat 36dL Star 1yL Star 2Program: LacrossèLacrosse 18Lacrosse 2JLacrosse 3pProgram: LadybuggProgram: Lageos3^dLageos 1Lageos 2Program: Landsat?nĀRLandsat 1Landsat 2Landsat 3Landsat 4{Landsat 5WLandsat 6^Landsat 7-[Program: LCSɅLCS 1LCS 4*LDEFTProgram: LeasatLLeasat 1Leasat 2Leasat 30Leasat 4_Leasat 5Program: LEO One .Program: LESLES 1LES 2LES 3LES 4LES 5LES 6OLES 8 LES 9 Lewis!Lightsar!!Program: LLMSIRIS!!Program: LoralsatG!u!!؀!!!x!!!!Loralsat 101#"Q"Loralsat 102]""Lusat,"Program: M-Starg""M2A#G#Program: Mabuhay#<#Mabuhay 1$$A$Program: Magion7$$Magion 1%Magion 28%Magion 3%Magion 4׀%Magion 5%Maqsat B%Maqsat H&Maqsat 3&&Program: Marathon&"&Program: Marecs5&m&&A&҄&Marecs A'Marecs B1H'Marecs B2 'Program: MarisatP''Marisat 1Y'Marisat 24(Marisat 3(Program: Measat?(u(Measat 1)")Measat 2)Measat 3))Meteor (US)%)Program: Meteosat))?*d*Meteosat 1}*Meteosat 2*Meteosat 3*Meteosat 4p+Meteosat 5+Meteosat 6+Meteosat 7+Program: MSGw++Program: Metop,.,Microlab 1=,Program: Midas+,,Midas 023,Midas 03^,Midas 04,Midas 05i-Midas 06-Midas 07-Midas 08/-Midas 09-Midas 10X-Program: MillenniumU--Program: Milstar7.w.-.Milstar 1-1h.Milstar 1-2.Milstar 2-1Ł..Program: Minisat~..Minisat 018/Miranda/Mika/Program: Momo/'//{/Momo 1A/Momo 1B0Program: Morelos80r0o000Morelos' C-band transponder frequency chart11Morelos 11Morelos 2+1R1z1Morelos 3`22222@2o22MSAT 1Ճ2Program: Morning Starg33Program: MSTI03^3MSTI 1V3MSTI 203MSTI 3e3MSX^4MTSat44Mublcom4@4Musat5Myojo!5Mysat 1e55Program: N Star5=5y5 55+616N Star A6N Star B6Program: Nahuel6!6Nahuel 1AE7h777Program: NATO77I77?77Nato 1N8Nato 2[8Nato 3A8Nato 3B8Nato 3C8Nato 3D8Nato 4Ax9Nato 4B)9Netsat 2899Nilesat 101::::Program: Nimbus :}:Nimbus 1e:Nimbus 2:Nimbus 3A:Nimbus 3k;Nimbus 4|;Nimbus 5;Nimbus 6:;Nimbus 7 <Nimiq<Program: NOAA<T<_=*==NOAA 01=NOAA 02M=NOAA 03=NOAA 04=NOAA 05>NOAA 06>NOAA B>NOAA 07 >NOAA 08>NOAA 097?NOAA 10N?NOAA 11~?NOAA 12i?NOAA 13@NOAA 14@NOAA 15@P@~@Program: NOSSA4ANOSS 01ANOSS 02ANOSS 03ANOSS 04ANOSS 05WANOSS 06/BNOSS 07BNOSS 08kBNOSS 09BNOSS 12BNOSS 135BNOSS 14;CNOSS 15LCProgram: NovawCCNova 1CNova 2`CNova 3؂CProgram: NPOESSKC{CProgram: OAO҄CCOAO 1DOAO 2EDOAO BDOAO 3FDOderacs0DDOderacs 1A%DOderacs 1BkDOderacs 1CcEOderacs 1DEOderacs 1EEOderacs 1FEOderacs 2A)EOderacs 2BsEOderacs 2CEOderacs 2DpFOderacs 2EFOderacs 2FFProgram: OffekFFOffek 1FOffek 2FOffek 3GOffek 47GOFOQGProgram: OGOGGGOGO 1GOGO 2HOGO 3 HOGO 4_HOGO 5HOGO 6HOhsumihHOlympusIProgram: OptusIvIIIIJ JJJJ JKKK1KOptus A1KOptus A2KOptus A3KhKKOptus B1KOptus B2LOptus B3qLOptus C1/D~LLProgram: OrbcommLPLLOrbcomm X`MOrbcomm XP 1MOrbcomm FM 1MOrbcomm FM 2MOrbcomm FM 32MOrbcomm FM 4OMOrbcomm FM 5NOrbcomm FM 6NOrbcomm FM 7iNOrbcomm FM 8aNOrbcomm FM 9ƁNOrbcomm FM 10,NOrbcomm FM 11OOrbcomm FM 12fOOrbcomm FM 13OOrbcomm FM 14OOrbcomm FM 15ԀOOrbcomm FM 16*OOrbcomm FM 17OOrbcomm FM 18,POrbcomm FM 19POrbcomm FM 20PProgram: OrblinkPPOrbview 2ɇPOrbview 3AQMQProgram: OrioncQQQQ/QYQOrion 1LRzROrion 2?SmSSSOrion 3TTTT"TPTOrion 4TTOrion 7T߀TProgram: OscarETTOscar 01[UOscar 02UOscar 03QUOscar 04UOscar 05UOscar 06VOscar 07>VOscar 08VPhase 3ANimbus VOscar 10WOscar 13WProgram: OSOWZWOSO 1WOSO 26WOSO 3XOSO 47XOSO 5@XOSO 6XOSO 7XOSO 8YProgram: OTSVYxYY#YOTS 1YOTS 25YProgram: OVY‚YOV 1-02̃YOV 1-04ՄYOV 1-05 ZOV 1-08;ZOV 1-09EZOV 1-10KZOV 1-13TZOV 1-14\ZOV 1-19gZOV 1-21~[OV 2-1[OV 2-3[OV 2-5[OV 3-1[OV 3-2ҁ[OV 3-3Ă[OV 3-4[OV 5-5\OV 5-6\OV 5-9\Quick Bird\4\Quickscata]]Pacsat]Pageos]Paksatg]]Program: Palapag]]܆]^^^u^^__C_q_Palapa A1΀_Palapa A2_Palapa B1_Palapa B2G`Palapa B2P``Palapa B2Rƀ``Palapa B4,`E`Palapa C1a8aaaaaPalapa C2daPalapa C3aaPalapa D1aсaProgram: Panamsata;aPanamsat 1̂bbbKbybbc.cPanamsat 1RlccPanamsat 2*dXdddށd d.d\dPanamsat 3"ePePanamsat 3Rg2g[gggglggPanamsat 4jjj̀jj9jgjjҁjj"jPanamsat 5ӂll"lPlzllփlmPanamsat 6unnہn n7nenPanamsat 6BgoPanamsat 7q q+qYqqqPanamsat 8r/rPr~rrr$rRrPanamsat 9sKsPanamsat 10ssPansatMs{sProgram: ParustItPASI 1tׅtProgram: Pegasus7uquPegasus 1uPegasus 2uPegasus 3uPegsatuPole[uPhase 3DvvPMG'vPolairevPolarwPolluxwPosatۄwProbavxxProsperoxRadarsatMxRadcalyRadiosat 1yyProgram: RadugayayfyygyyRaduga 010zRaduga 02kzRaduga 03zRaduga 04zRaduga 05ǀzRaduga 06zRaduga 07Sinosat 1MmProgram: SirioꀖSirio 1:Sirio 2ȂProgram: Sirius˃Sirius 1Sirius 2N|π&P~Sirius 3ISkipper6Program: Skylj鉙0Sky 1$RSky 2~Skybridge,Program: Skynet?̅46d5c.Q65ہ Skynet 1AZSkynet 1BSkynet 2A(Skynet 2BuSkynet 4A~Skynet 4B-2 `Skynet 4CSkynet 4DSkynet 4E 9Skynet 4FSMESMM$Program: SMSSMS 1SMS 2SNOESolar A6Program: Solidaridad@41_(VSolidaridad 17Solidaridad 2ƂProgram: SolradpSolrad 01DSolrad 03Solrad 06ASolrad 06BSolrad 07A݀Solrad 07BSolrad 09PSolrad 10HSolrad 11AQSolrad 11BZSolwindProgram: Spacenetar7Spacenet 1Spacenet 2AbSpacenet 3Spacenet 3RƄ)LC-band frequency chart (Spacenet)UProgram: SpacewayProgram: Spartan@Spartan 101DSpartan 201-1-Spartan 201-27Spartan 204ՃSpartan 201-3ISpartan 206Spartan 207xSpartan 201-4Program: SpasESpas 1^Spas 2;Spas 3`Spas 4KProgram: Spot!jtSpot 1RSpot 2YSpot 3مSpot 4Spot 5 8Spot 6Program: SretnSret 1 Sret 2cProgram: SrossSross 1FSross 2lSross 3Sross C2ЄSSTP.ST 1jဪ+Program: StacksatIStarlette&Program: StarliteoProgram: Starsys-[Stella3program: Step탫Step 1 Step 2Step 3Step 4Program: StrelabProgram: STRV]ISTRV 1AySTRV 1BSunsatProgram: Superbirdp1IP~Superbird A1ASuperbird D뀯Superbird B1eSuperbird A2Superbird C3aÀ%Superbird 4XSurfsat 1VSWAS(Program: Symphonie΄4GSymphonie 1]Symphonie 2Program: Syncom6〳Syncom 1ASyncom 2 Syncom 3TaiyoProgram: TanseicTansei 1Tansei 2Tansei 3Tansei 4TD 1ACProgram: TDFǀف쁵TDF 1{TDF 2Program: TDRSv N>TDRS 1TDRS 2TDRS 3TDRS 4-2 ,TDRS 5{TDRS 6ZwTDRS 7TDRS 8.TeamsatTechsat 1Techsat 2TELE XProgram: Telecom mNs>%Telecom 1AԁTelecom 1BGTelecom 1CTelecom 2ATelecom 2BہTelecom 2CTelecom 2D@Program: TeledesicӃTeledesic 1Program: Telstare~? Telstar 4's Ku-band frequency chart+YtTelstar 1\Telstar 2Telstar 301$Telstar 302Telstar 303Telstar 401ITelstar 402Telstar 402R+Telstar 5 NoTelstar 6'U}Telstar 7.UـTelstar 88fTemisatrProgram: TempoV~Tempo 1!OTempo 2yTerriersProgram: Thaicom'Thaicom 1Thaicom 2_Thaicom 3K|&TThaicom 4Program: Thor[Thor 1awThor 2Thor 3Program: ThurayadTimed NProgram: TirosZTiros 01NTiros 02Tiros 03Tiros 04Tiros 05Tiros 06Tiros 07NTiros 08Tiros 09Tiros 10QTiros NTmsatTOMSOTopex PoseidonTournesolTraacTrace Program: Transit6Transit 2ATransit 4AgTransit 4BTransit 5BN1Transit 5BN2TrianauProgram: TrimilsatcomȃTRMMvTRSSSTTS 1WTTS 2׆Program: TubsatTubsat ATubsat BTubsat NӀTubsat N1Program: Turksat@̃lTurksat 1A2Turksat 1B.Turksat 1C+\Program: TvsatgZTvsat 1ITvsat 2tUARSProgram: UHF fUHF 1UHF 2-UHF 3UHF 4UHF 50UHF 6UHF 7UHF 8-UHF 9 & 10EUme 1qUme 2Unamsat 1JUnamsat 2Program: Uosat@Uosat 1PUosat 2Uosat 3Uosat 4%Uosat 5UUosat 12uUPMsat 1Program: USAUSA 008USA 032USA 040 USA 045USA 048USA 067USA 081USA 089USA 101oUSA 102USA 103USA 105USA 110%USA 112BUSA 118QUSA 125}USA 136USA 137USA 139#V-Stream :Program: Vanguard'Vanguard 1Vanguard 2Vanguard 3Program: VelasVikingProgram: Visionstar݄ Program: VitasatProgram: VortexpVortex 1Vortex 2|Vortex 3WVortex 4Vortex 5Vortex 6WebersatProgram: WestoWestpacUProgram: Westar+KWestar 1Westar 2WWestar 3Westar 4Westar 5Westar 6nDial-WikaՃWind 1WIREProgram: Wordstarf΃ .WresatmWSF 2XMMāXTEӀProgram: YamalYESProgram: Yuri]sYuri 1qYuri 2AʀYuri 2BJYuri 2XYuri 3A҄Yuri 3HYuri 3BYuri 3NjZeyaProgram: Cosmos߃Cosmos 0001Cosmos 0100Cosmos 01107Cosmos 0122Cosmos 0144̀Cosmos 0169Cosmos 0186#Cosmos 0188oCosmos 0368Cosmos 0444Cosmos 0445Cosmos 0446Cosmos 0447*Cosmos 0448NCosmos 0449Cosmos 0450>Cosmos 0451bCosmos 0500Cosmos 0504ˀCosmos 0505Cosmos 0506Cosmos 0507Cosmos 0508$Cosmos 0509HCosmos 0510jCosmos 0511MCosmos 0588pCosmos 0589Cosmos 0590Cosmos 0591Cosmos 0592Cosmos 0593Cosmos 0594Cosmos 0595#Cosmos 0596FCosmos 0597jCosmos 0598Cosmos 0599Cosmos 0600Cosmos 0605Cosmos 0637Cosmos 0641Cosmos 0642Cosmos 0643Cosmos 0644Cosmos 0645Cosmos 0646Cosmos 0647$Cosmos 0648HCosmos 0677lCosmos 0678MCosmos 0679qCosmos 0680Cosmos 0681Cosmos 0682ɀCosmos 0683Cosmos 0684Cosmos 0711Cosmos 0712$Cosmos 0713HCosmos 0714lCosmos 0715MCosmos 0716qCosmos 0717Cosmos 0718Cosmos 0732Cosmos 0733Cosmos 0734Cosmos 0735Cosmos 0736$Cosmos 0737HCosmos 0738lCosmos 0739MCosmos 0775Cosmos 0777Cosmos 0782Cosmos 0936oCosmos 0954UCosmos 1000qCosmos 1094Cosmos 1267pCosmos 1366Cosmos 1402Cosmos 1443Cosmos 1540Cosmos 1546&Cosmos 1629VCosmos 1700Cosmos 1738Cosmos 1849Cosmos 1850Cosmos 1851ՂCosmos 1852Cosmos 1853Cosmos 18544Cosmos 1855XCosmos 18569Cosmos 1857]Cosmos 1858Cosmos 1859Cosmos 1860Cosmos 1861Cosmos 1870aCosmos 1887kCosmos 1888Cosmos 1894HCosmos 1897'Cosmos 1923LCosmos 1924pCosmos 1925Cosmos 1926Cosmos 1927Cosmos 1928Cosmos 1929Cosmos 1930$Cosmos 1931HCosmos 1932Cosmos 1933iCosmos 1934Cosmos 1935Cosmos 1957Cosmos 1958ICosmos 1959Cosmos 1960Cosmos 1961Cosmos 1962Cosmos 1963Cosmos 1964:Cosmos 1965Cosmos 1966Cosmos 1967Cosmos 1968Cosmos 1969@Cosmos 19708Cosmos 1971>Cosmos 1972ECosmos 1973Cosmos 1974iCosmos 1975vCosmos 1976Cosmos 1977Cosmos 1978Cosmos 1979#Cosmos 1980'Cosmos 1982\Cosmos 1983Cosmos 1984Cosmos 1985Cosmos 1986<Cosmos 1987Cosmos 1988̃Cosmos 1989Cosmos 1990Cosmos 1991WCosmos 1992MCosmos 1993Cosmos 1994Cosmos 1995Cosmos 1996Cosmos 1997Cosmos 1998Cosmos 1999Cosmos 2000րCosmos 2001Cosmos 2002-Cosmos 2003[Cosmos 2004Cosmos 2005Cosmos 2006Cosmos 2007PCosmos 2008tCosmos 2009Cosmos 2010Cosmos 2011Cosmos 2012Cosmos 2013Cosmos 2014Cosmos 2015*Cosmos 20167Cosmos 2017@Cosmos 2018Cosmos 2019Cosmos 2020Cosmos 2021>Cosmos 2022Cosmos 2023ЃCosmos 2024os 0713Cosmos 2025 Cosmos 2026OCosmos 2027_Cosmos 2028Cosmos 2029ӂCosmos 2030Cosmos 2031DCosmos 2032Cosmos 2033Cosmos 2034ҀCosmos 2035 Cosmos 2036GCosmos 2037MCosmos 2038`Cosmos 2039sCosmos 2040Cosmos 2041OCosmos 2042bCosmos 2043uCosmos 2044VCosmos 2045Cosmos 2047UCosmos 2048Cosmos 2049؀Cosmos 2050Cosmos 2051Cosmos 2052@Cosmos 2054Cosmos 2055Cosmos 2056Cosmos 2057=Cosmos 2058JCosmos 2059Cosmos 2061Cosmos 2062Cosmos 2063Cosmos 2064Cosmos 2065 Cosmos 2066*Cosmos 2067ICosmos 2068Cosmos 20699Cosmos 2070XCosmos 2071wCosmos 2072Cosmos 2073ށCosmos 2074mCosmos 2079Cosmos 2080Cosmos 20810Cosmos 2085Cosmos 2100Cosmos 2107Cosmos 2108% Cosmos 2109m Cosmos 2110 Cosmos 2111 Cosmos 21129 Cosmos 2123  Cosmos 2133 Cosmos 2139 Cosmos 21405 Cosmos 2141 Cosmos 2142 Cosmos 2155 Cosmos 2172S Cosmos 2173ځ Cosmos 2177& Cosmos 2178 Cosmos 2179M Cosmos 2204 Cosmos 2205y Cosmos 2206܂ Cosmos 2209 Cosmos 2218# Cosmos 2219' Cosmos 2220@ Cosmos 2221N Cosmos 2222p Cosmos 2223 Cosmos 2224Cosmos 2230dCosmos 2231Cosmos 2232dCosmos 2233فCosmos 2234.Cosmos 2235$Cosmos 2236Cosmos 2237Cosmos 2238Cosmos 2239Cosmos 2240Cosmos 2241Cosmos 2242Cosmos 2243nCosmos 22448Cosmos 2245LCosmos 2246`Cosmos 2247tCosmos 2248;Cosmos 2249OCosmos 2250cCosmos 2251Cosmos 2252oCosmos 2253Cosmos 2254Cosmos 2255σCosmos 2256oCosmos 2257Cosmos 2258Cosmos 2259Cosmos 2260lCosmos 2261Cosmos 2262aCosmos 2263?Cosmos 2264Cosmos 2265)Cosmos 2266Cosmos 2267Cosmos 2268Cosmos 2269/Cosmos 2270Cosmos 2271Cosmos 2272$Cosmos 2273ECosmos 2274nCosmos 2275os 0713.Cosmos 2276%Cosmos 2277Cosmos 2278"Cosmos 2279hCosmos 2280ˁCosmos 2281Cosmos 2282Cosmos 2283Cosmos 2284=Cosmos 2285Cosmos 2286,Cosmos 2287Cosmos 2288Cosmos 2289Cosmos 2290Cosmos 2291>Cosmos 2292sCosmos 2293Cosmos 2294wCosmos 22958Cosmos 2296Cosmos 2297Cosmos 2298"Cosmos 2299Cosmos 2300Cosmos 2301Cosmos 2302Cosmos 2303Cosmos 2304ہCosmos 2305Cosmos 2306zCosmos 23072Cosmos 2308Cosmos 2309Cosmos 2310^Cosmos 2311̃Cosmos 2312Cosmos 2313&Cosmos 2314Cosmos 2315Cosmos 2316Cosmos 2317Cosmos 2318GCosmos 2319fCosmos 2320lCosmos 2321`Cosmos 2322>Cosmos 2323Cosmos 2324Cosmos 23250Cosmos 2326ʁCosmos 2327Cosmos 2328Cosmos 2329Cosmos 2330 Cosmos 2331gCosmos 2332XCosmos 2333 failureKCosmos 2333[Cosmos 2334JCosmos 2335Cosmos 2336Cosmos 2337Cosmos 2338bCosmos 2339iCosmos 2340Cosmos 2341уCosmos 2342 Cosmos 2343 Cosmos 2344m Cosmos 2345 Cosmos 2346 Cosmos 2347" Cosmos 2348!Cosmos 2349!Cosmos 2350!Cosmos 2351X!Cosmos 2352!Cosmos 2353 !Cosmos 2354C"Cosmos 2355L"Cosmos 2356T"Cosmos 2357="Cosmos 2358"Cosmos 2359-"Cosmos 2360="Astron#Program: Bion##Bion 11#Bion 12#Program: Ekran2#Q##Ekran 01#Ekran 02@$Ekran 03\$Ekran 04x$Ekran 05$Ekran 06$Ekran 07$Ekran 08$Ekran 09%Ekran 10-%Ekran 11N%Ekran 12K%Ekran 13l%Ekran 14%Ekran 15%Ekran 16&Ekran 17&Ekran 18&Ekran 19&Ekran 20&Electro 1m&Program: Elekon'Program: Elektron''Elektron 1'Elektron 2!'Elektron 3>'Elektron 4ހ'Program: Foton'''Foton 09'Foton 10p(Foton 11(Gamma((Program: Geo-IKA((Geo-IK 1Ä(Program: Gonets7))Gonets D1-1)Gonets D1-2)Gonets D1-3713)Gonets D1-4׀)Gonets D1-5)Gonets D1-6)Granat*Informator*Program: Intercosmos*ҁ*Intercosmos 01$*Intercosmos 18*Intercosmos 22+Program: Luch$+s+'+U+Luch 0+Luch 1Q+Program: Meteor+o,,,u,,,,Meteor 1-01,Meteor 1-02<,Meteor 2-01-Meteor 2-21i-Meteor 3-03-Meteor 3-05-Meteor 3-06-Program: Molniya.v.Molniya 1-01.Molniya 1-71.Molniya 1-72.Molniya 1-74/Molniya 1-85/Molniya 1-86/Molniya 1-87/Molniya 1-88s/Molniya 1-89ҁ/Molniya 1-90/Molniya 2-01/Molniya 3-010Molniya 3-340Molniya 3-350Molniya 3-360Molniya 3-370Molniya 3-420Molniya 3-440Molniya 3-451Molniya 3-46 1Molniya 3-471Molniya 3-481Molniya 3-491Molniya 1-S1Program: NadezhdaB11Nadezhda 11Nadezhda 2}2Nadezhda 32Nadezhda 4+2Program: Ocean22߀222Ocean 1 2Ocean 23Ocean 33Ocean 43Program: Prognoz33Prognoz 013Prognoz 023Prognoz 033Prognoz 0434Prognoz 05?4Prognoz 06I4Prognoz 07}4Prognoz 08J4Prognoz 09P4Prognoz 10q4Prognoz 115Prognoz 12n5Program: Proton575Proton 15Proton 2C5Proton 35Proton 4˃5Program: Resurs6r666f6F66ƃ6Resurs F017Resurs F027Resurs F037Resurs F047Resurs F05m7Resurs F06˃7Resurs F078Resurs F08P8Resurs F098Resurs F108Resurs F11x8Resurs F12Ճ8Resurs F13+9Resurs F149Resurs F159Resurs F16K9Resurs F179Resurs F18J:Resurs F19:Resurs F20:Resurs F21M:Resurs 500:Resurs O1-3 :Resurs O1-4;RS 15i;Program: Sputnik;8;Sputnik 01<Sputnik 027<Sputnik 03<Sputnik 04ӄ<Sputnik 05}=Sputnik 06=Sputnik 07=Sputnik 09$=Sputnik 10U=Sputnik 40=Start 1>Program: Statsionar>>>Statsionar-01>Statsionar-02>Statsionar-03>Statsionar-04ʁ>Statsionar-05*>Statsionar-06onets D1-3713g?Statsionar-07-?Statsionar-08?Statsionar-09?Statsionar-10U?Statsionar-11p?Statsionar-12.?Statsionar-13 ?Statsionar-14͂?Statsionar-15w?Statsionar-16N@Statsionar-17@Statsionar-18@Statsionar-19Q@Statsionar-20@Statsionar-21@Statsionar-22 @Statsionar-23a@Statsionar-24@Statsionar-25j@Statsionar-26΁@Statsionar-27F@Program: TselinaBBProgram: Tsikada B:B\BBTsikada 1܂B BLaunch vehicles)FSoviet launch vehiclesGHHAriane͂IJ}JJAriane L01TJAriane L02.JAriane L03JAriane L04JAriane L05oJAriane L06ZJAriane L07JAriane L08JAriane V09eKAriane V10<KAriane V11!KAriane V12KAriane V13KAriane V14KAriane V15KAriane V16KAriane V17yKAriane V18jKAriane V19OLAriane V20LAriane V21LAriane V22LAriane V23LAriane V24uLAriane V25(LAriane V26LAriane V27LAriane V28LAriane V29hMAriane V30+MAriane V31MAriane V32MAriane V33hMAriane V346MAriane V35MAriane V36vMAriane V37GMAriane V38 MAriane V39cNAriane V40NAriane V41NAriane V42}NAriane V43NAriane V44qNAriane V45NAriane V46NAriane V47aNAriane V48NAriane V49σNAriane V50OAriane V51wOAriane V52]OAriane V53OAriane V54OAriane V55vOAriane V56ROAriane V57OAriane V58OAriane V59 OAriane V60PAriane V61\PAriane V62PAriane V63PAriane V64PAriane V65PAriane V66uPAriane V67'PAriane V68PAriane V69PAriane V70;QAriane V71,QAriane V72QAriane V73(QAriane V74QAriane V75QAriane V76QAriane V77bQAriane V789QAriane V79RAriane V80RAriane V81RAriane V82RAriane V83RAriane V84TRAriane V85RRAriane V86RAriane V87RAriane V88RAriane V89SAriane V90SAriane V91ZSAriane V926SAriane V93SAriane V94ԀSAriane V95SAriane V96uSAriane V97USAriane V987TAriane V991-3713 TAriane V100TAriane V101BTAriane V102TAriane V103܀TAriane V104TAriane V105TAriane V106DTAriane V107UAriane V108UAthenaUAtlasV_VAtlas without top stage'VAtlas AgenaaZZAtlas with solid top stage\Atlas Centaura{aAtlas AC070WaAtlas AC074{aBlack ArrowaCosmos BfCosmos CitCyclonexConestoga yDiamant zISAS launchersl|ISRO launchers6}Long MarchlNASDA vehiclespPegasus>{ProtonRokotScoutăSemiorka and derived from R7ׁA2e / SL6 (Molniya) launchesA2 / SL4 (Soyuz) launchesShavitStartSTSSTS 01oSTS 02STS 03ˀSTS 04ISTS 05STS 06STS 07STS 08STS 09bSTS 11STS 13݃STS 16хSTS 17STS 19STS 20STS 23STS 24STS 25օSTS 26STS 26RSTS 27cSTS 27R1STS 28STS 28RSTS 29STS 30STS 30RVSTS 31XSTS 31R܁STS 32STS 32RxSTS 33STS 33R8STS 34STS 35STS 36FSTS 37STS 38GSTS 394STS 40STS 41STS 42wSTS 43STS 44FSTS 45STS 46STS 47STS 48STS 49STS 50STS 51kSTS 52STS 53STS 54STS 55STS 56STS 57-STS 58STS 59STS 60STS 61STS 62STS 63STS 64 STS 65fSTS 66ɅSTS 67STS 68STS 69STS 70dSTS 71݇STS 73STS 74STS 72STS 75LSTS 76JSTS 77STS 78STS 79\STS 80STS 81STS 82STS 83%STS 84 STS 85STS 86STS 87STS 89DSTS 90iSTS 915STS 94TaurusThor (launch vehicle)Thor AbleThor AblestarThor Agena&Thor DeltaThor with solid top stageCTitan|Titan without top stageTitan 3-Titan 4ՁVanguard launch vehicleVLSkZenitAgena top stagesBurner top stages_Castor Centaur top stagesIUSY MissionsAstronomyGeodesy991-3713JObservation of ionosphereFObservation of high atmosphereObservation of magnetosphereEObservation of meteoritesSObservation of the SunMeteorological geostationary satellitesMeteorological LEO satellitesRemote sensing satellitesPTelecommunications LEO satellitesTelecommunications geostationary satellitesNavigation satellitesRadioactive payload and debrisAddressesAsia Broadcasting and Communications Network, Ltd.mAir Force Space Command)AlascomÈAlcatel TelecomAmerican Mobile Satellite CorporationAntrix Corporation LimitedAsia Pacific Telecommunication Satellites Company LtdArabsatArianespaceAsia Satellite Telecommunications Company LtdCOTS{ChinasatColumbia Communications Corp.Comsat Corporationw Deutsche Telekom AGEarth Watch Inc.Echostar Satellite Corp.Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc.Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicaes S.A.uEosatEurasiasatEuropean Meteorologic SatellitĕEUropean TELecommunication SATelliteFinal Analysis Inc.France TelecomGE American Communications, Inc.fGE Capital Satellites-EuropeGGlobalstar L.P.!Hughes Communications Inc.Hispasat S.A.International Launch ServicesDInformcosmosInmarsat LtdHIntelsatIntersputnik Iridium LLCvISROJSATKaStar Satellite Communications Corp.GKorea Telecom>LEO One (firm)Lockheed Martin Global Telecommunications/Lockheed Martin IntersputnikLoral SkynetLoral Space & Communications Ltd\Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. MeasatNahuelsat S.A.NASAdNOAA:Nordiska SatellitaktiebolagetNippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationOdyssey Telecommunications:Optus Communications2Orbcomm^Orbital Science CorporationCOrion Network Systems Inc.EPanamsat Corporation,ParacomsatPhilippine Agila Satellite IncPhilippine Long Distance Telephone Co713EPT Media Citra IndostarҁPT Pasifik Satelit NusantaraPT SatelindoPT TelkomRadarSat InternationalSingapore Telecom7Sino Satellite Communications Company Ltd>Shinawatra Satellite Company LtdSocit Europenne de SatellitesSpace Communications CorporationSpacecom Ltd.Surrey Satellite Technology LimitedTldiffusion De France{Telecomunicaciones de MexicoRTeledesicTelenor Satellite ServicesTelesat CanadaTelespazioTeracom'Thuraya Satellite Telecommunications CoTMI Communications_TCI Satellite Entertainment, Inc.Turk TelekomUnited States Satellite BroadcastingWorldspacèespaceAsia Satellite Telecommunications Company LtdCOTS{ChinasatColumbia Communications Corp.Comsat Corporationw Deutsche Telekom AGEarth Watch Inc.Echostar Satellite Corp.Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc.Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicaes S.A.uEosatEurasiasatEuropean Meteorologic SatellitĕEUropean TELecommunication SATelliteFinal Analysis Inc.France TelecomGE American Communications, Inc.fGE Capital Satellites-EuropeGGlobalstar L.P.!Hughes Communications Inc.Hispasat S.A.International Launch ServicesDInformcosmosInmarsat LtdHIntelsatIntersputnik Iridium LLCvISROJSATKaStar Satellite Communications Corp.GKorea Telecom>LEO One (firm)Lockheed Martin Global Telecommunications/Lockheed Martin IntersputnikLoral SkynetLoral Space & Communications Ltd\Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. 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